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QO Edison. fapers
A SELECTIVE MICROFILM EDITION
PART IV
(1899-1910)
Thomas E. Jeffrey Theresa M. Collins
Lisa Gitelman Gregory Field
Gregory Jankunis ; Aldo E. Salerno
David W. Hutchings Karen A. Detig
Leslie Fields Lorie Stock
Editors
Robert Rosenberg
Director and Editor
Sponsors
Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey
National Park Service, Edison National Historic Site
New Jersey Historical Commission
Smithsonian Institution
University Publications of America
/ Bethesda, MD
i 1999
Edison signature used with permission of McGraw-Edison Company
Sonnets pean mn
meaner (eee
Thomas A. Edison Papers
at
Ruigers, The State University
endorsed by
National Historical Publications and Records Commission
18 June 1981
Copyright © 1999 by Rutgers, The State University
All rights reserved. No part of this publication including any portion of the guide and index or of
the microfilm may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any
means—graphic, electronic, mechanical, or chemical, includingphotocopying, recording or taping,
or information storage and retrieval systems—without written permission of Rutgers, The State
University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
The original documents in this edition are from the archives at the Edison National Historic Site
at West Orange, New Jersey. ; :
ISBN 0-89093-703-6
: : : pees are! 7 : ; d 5
a A A A y= egg npn a ae
THOMAS A. EDISON PAPERS
Robert A. Rosenberg
Director and Editor
Thomas E. Jeffrey
Associate Director and Coeditor
Paul B. Israel
Managing Editor, Book Edition
Helen Endick
Assistant Director for Administration
Associate Editors Assistant Editors
Theresa M. Collins Louis Carlat
Lisa Gitelman Aldo E. Salerno
Keith A. Nier
Research Associates Secretary
Gregory Jankunis Grace Kurkowski
Lorie Stock
Student Assistants
Amy Cohen Jessica Rosenberg
Bethany Jankunis Stacey Saelg
Laura Konrad Wojtek Szymkowiak
Vishal Nayak Matthew Wosniak
BOARD OF SPONSORS
Rutgers, The State University of New National Park Service
Jersey John Maounis
Francis L. Lawrence Maryanne Gerbauckas
Joseph J. Seneca Roger Durham
Richard F. Foley George Tselos
David M. Oshinsky Smithsonian Institution
New Jersey Historical Commission Bernard Finn
Howard L. Green Arthur P. Molella
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
James Brittain, Georgia Institute of Technology
R. Frank Colson, University of Southampton
Louis Galambos, Joins Hopkins University
Susan Hockey, University of Alberta :
Thomas Parke Hughes, University of Pennsylvania
Peter Robinson, Oxford University
Philip Scranton, Georgia Institute of Technology/Hagley Museum and Library
Merritt Roe Smith, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTORS
PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS
The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Charles Edison Fund
The Hyde and Watson Foundation
National Trust for the Humanities
Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation
PUBLIC FOUNDATIONS
National Science Foundation
National Endowment for the
Humanities
National Historical Publications and
Records Commission
PRIVATE CORPORATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS
Alabama Power Company
Anonymous .
AT&T
Atlantic Electric
Association of Edison Mluminating
Companies
Battelle Memorial Institute
The Boston Edison Foundation
Cabot Corporation Foundation, Inc.
Carolina Power & Light Company
Consolidated Edison Company of New
York, Ine.
Consumers Power Company
Cooper Industries
Corning Incorporated
Duke Power Company
Entergy Corporation (Middle South
Electric System)
Exxon Corporation
Florida Power & Light Company
General Electric Foundation
Gould Inc. Foundation
Gulf States Utilities Company
David and Nina Heitz
Hess Foundation, Inc.
Idaho Power Company
IMO Industries
International Brotherhood of Electrical
Workers
Mr. and Mrs. Stanley H. Katz
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
. Midwest Resources, Ine.
Minnesota Power
New Jersey Bell
New York State Electric & Gas
Corporation
North American Philips Corporation
Philadelphia Electric Company
Philips Lighting B.V.
Public Service Electric and Gas Company
RCA Corporation
Robert Bosch GmbH
Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation
San Diego Gas and Electric
Savannah Electric and Power Company
Schering-Plough Foundation
Texas Utilities Company
Thomas & Betts Corporation
Thomson Grand Public
Transamerica Delaval Inc.
Westinghouse Foundation
Wisconsin Public Service Corporation
i eae
;
i
i
aed, az areas
N
A Note on the Sources
The pages which have been
filmed are the best copies
available. Every technical
effort possible has been
‘made to ensure legibility.
PUBLICATION AND MICROFILM
COPYING RESTRICTIONS
Reel duplication of the whole or of
any part of this film is Prohibited,
In lieu: of transcripts, however,
enlarged photocopies of selected
items contained on these reels
may be made in order to facilitate
research.
Seine Malden hil wile 36
SCRAPBOOK SERIES
The four scrapbooks in this series cover the period 1901-1904. They
contain clippings from newspapers, popular magazines, and technical
journals, along with other printed material. Two scrapbooks from 1901-1902
pertain to the development, testing, and manufacture of Edison's alkaline
storage battery. The one selected book includes articles by former Edison
employee Arthur E. Kennelly and by electrochemist Eugene F. Roeber. The
other two scrapbooks (not selected) contain material regarding the
International Correspondence Schools—an organization based in Scranton,
Pennsylvania, which promoted Edison's phonograph for educational use.
In addition to these items, the Scrapbook Collection in the Edison
National Historic Site archives has several books from the period 1899-1910.
These contain souvenirs, postcards, and holiday greetings collected by Mina
Miller Edison and others. Two undated scrapbooks contain the original labels
from Edison's mineral cabinet, indicating the names and origins of the
samples collected. A finding aid to the archival collection is available.
i aeeeinen Ce
Scrapbook, Cat. 44,496
This scrapbook covers the period January-December 1901. In addition, two loose items
from September 1902 have been inserted into the book. Included are articles about Edison's
alkaline storage battery by former associate Arthur E. Kennelly and by electrochemist Eugene F.
Roeber, along with other battery-related clippings from the Electrical Review, Electrical World and
Engineer, Western Electrician, and New York Tribune.
Scrapbook, Cat. 44,495 [not selected]
This scrapbook covers the period February-August 1901 and relates to the development,
testing, and manufacture of Edison's alkaline storage battery. The clippings are primarily from daily
newspapers, but some are from technical journals and popular magazines. Included is material
pertaining to Edison's storage battery factory at Glen Ridge, New Jersey; his visit to the Sudbury
region of Ontario; and a conflict with the General Electric Co. over the use of the battery.
Scrapbook, Cat. 44,493 and Cat. 44,494 [not selected]
These two scrapbooks probably cover the period 1903-1904, but some of the items may
be from earlier or later dates. Included are clippings and printed promotional material relating to
the International Correspondence Schools (I.C.S.)—an organization based on Scranton,
Pennsylvania, which promoted Edison's phonograph for educational use. The material was
apparently collected by Nelson C. Durand at |.C.S. before he joined the National Phonograph Co.
in 1905 as manager of the Commercial Department. Several items from these scrapbooks can be
found in the Primary Printed Series.
i
CL ERA ween SE aT Eee
‘
Scrapbook, Cat. 44,496
This scrapbook covers the period January-December 1901. In
addition, two loose items from September 1902 have been inserted into the
book. Included are articles about Edison's alkaline storage battery by former
associate Arthur E. Kennelly and by electrochemist Eugene F. Roeber, along
with other battery-related clippings from the Electrical Review, Electrical
World and Engineer, Western Electrician, and New York Tribune. The
cover is labeled "Edison Storage Battery Newspaper clippings From January
5, 1901 To ." The pages are unnumbered. Approximately 40 pages have
been used.
{1 Ans HBRMOUNTaiN 8 coy
a etini ctiets :
By Dr ALE, Kenney,"
fa iskvell known that a piece of good coal contains enough energy,
gravitation a vertical distance of 2000 miles. Otherwise stated,
a pound of good coal, when burned in air, liberates about 5.7-hp-
hoirs of energy, or at the rate of 0.175 Ib, per horse-power-hour,
engine, and in the best steam engines the consumption of coal instead
of being one-sixth of a pound per brake horse-power-hour is about
1% Ibs. while in ordinary fairly large good engines it is between 2
and 3 Ibs.
with for many years. The best steam engines of the year 1801 had
the nineteenth century has been to increase the net or-total efficiency
A of the best engines from 4 per cent. to 14 per cent.
The great source of waste in the steam engine is a consequence of
2
working substance, such as hydrogen gas, a certain quantity of' heat,
at the temperature say of melting fead, in a heat-tight cylinder from
Awhich all thermal waste could be eliminated, and allow the gas to
2
J3 JID
>)
gout a piston, with a subsequent retraction, we cannot obtain the full
mechanical equivalent of the heat energy unless the expansion goes
2
> Sas)
bn indefinitely, with a simultaneous depression of the temperature
pf the expanded gas down to the theoretically absolute zero of +273
legs. C. at which there would be no heat left in it, The ratio of the
working range, to the total ideal range of temperature down to
Absolute zero, represents the thermodynamic efficiency, and the limita-
tions of the heat engine, It would seem that any heat engine or energy-
converting apparatus that involves a rejection of heat at a lower tem-
perature must be subject to this limitation and disastrous waste.
The question has therefore often arisen whether the energy can-
not be extracted from coal without having recourse to the thermo-
dynamic process, and, therefore, without having to pay such heavy
tribute to the absolute temperature of 300 degs, C., or 300 degs. above
absolute zero, at which we happen to live, and below which we are
iw unable to carry our expansion.
If, for example, coal were converted into coke, which conversion
: could be carried on commercially without loss, and perhaps even at
PF A rgasig as NE : ; 24 : pe a profit, on account of the value of the distillation products; and if
See os “Ata, K 4 the coke could be consumed in a galvanic battery in the same man-
a ner that zinc is ordinarily consumed, there would be no stich neces-
] sary waste of energy, and theoretically almost all of the energy of
PATENTED DEC.I. 1888.
combination between coke-carbon and oxygen could be liberated in
B the electrical circuit of the apparatus, This would represent the direct
generation of the energy of coke-carbon into electrical energy. Un-
fortunately, however, carbon refuses to behave like zinc and burn in
a voltaic cell. The only known means by which carbon could be
made to give out its energy in a voltaic cell, in competition with the
use of coal in the steam engine, is by the formation of either carbon
monoxide or carbon dioxide; in other words, the same oxidization
which yields the energy of carbon in the process of combustion must
take place electro-chemically. The oxygen for this purpose must be
obtained from some cheap elec-
trolyte containing oxygen, and
fay cannot, so far as is known, be ob-
tained from the atmosphere direct-
ly, In other words, it is necessary
8 to rob an electrolyte of oxygen in
order that the carbon shall com-
bine with it electrolytically. If the
oxygen of the electrolyte were but
feebly held, that is to say, if the
electrolyte consisted of a chemical
combination with oxygen so un-
stable as to require but a negligi-
bly small amount of energy to tear
the oxygen away,and if, moreover,
the substance or substances with
Awhich the oxygen was unstably
M linked were capable’ of entering
into combination with the other plate of the voltaic couple, with but
Mlittle absorption of energy; then it might be possible for the voltaic
ell to work with a power output theoretically approaching that of the
combustion vatue of carbon and oxygen. The union of carbon and
¥ oxygen in the cell would take place without sensible elevation of
MH temperature, the clectrolyte would give up its oxygen for the forma-
fa tion of carbon dioxide, and the products of the cell would have to be
fresh electrolyte. All this requires the existence of an electrolyte
possessing the properties of small chemical stability, together with
the capability of forming suitable chemical combinations at botl
MM plates of the couple. Moreover, the electrolyte must be so abundant
as to be very cheap.
Unfortunately all the electrolytes that are abundant are very stable
combinations, which require a large amount of energy to tear the
oxygen away from them, and if, as commonly happens, the energy
H required to abstract their oxygen is greater than the energy which
carbon will yield on combining with their oxygen, it is evident that
& the voltaic cell so constituted would not work. The amount of energy
which is necessary for the chemical disunion of oxygen from all the
ordinary electrolytes is fairly well known by thermo-chemical meas-
turements. An examination of thermo-chemical data confirms the re-
sults of the very large amount of experimental enquiry made during
the past century, and leads to the conclusion that there is no cheap
electrolyte available for the burning of carbon in a yoltaic cell, at
We ordinary tempcratures, with an efficiency that can compete with the
@ steam engine. Apparently nothing short of an cpoch-making dis-
when burned with oxygen, to lift its weight against sea-level ie
The best known means of securing this energy: in mechanical form }}
is the heat engine, which is in practice, on a large scale, the steam
This inefficiency of the steam engine has been known and striven |
a net efficiency of about 4 per cent, so that the progress made during :
the apparently definite law of nature that if we deliver up to any fA
do mechanical work in strokes or cycles by expanding and pushing {
imervaigctin Wo The probation of
Blackeceity direct fom Th Combate
EDISON: JANUARY I, I9OI,
chemically eliminated in some continuous manner, to be replaced by"
y
Turning now to the voltaic cell worked at high temperatures, in-
stead of at ordinary temperatures, although the prospects from
thermo-chemical data seem equally unfavorable, yet there is some
hope of success in this direction, if only from the fact that there is
less experimental knowledge of hot voltaic cells than of cold voltaic
cells, and there is always hope so long as any reasonably available
combination has been left untested. The electrolyte would now be a
fused salt instead of a solution, and must give up oxygen to the car-
bon for the production of carbon monoxide or dioxide. The remain-
ing constituents of the electrolyte must be suitably provided for, and
eliminated at the opposite plate, without serious loss of energy,
The hot voltaic cell is complicated to some extent by the introduc-
tion of thermo-electric phenomena, which inevitably accompany the
contacts of dissimilar matcrials at markedly different temperatures. If
the cell is a mere thermo-clectric couple, it must do work in the circuit
by receiving heat, at a high temperature, at one contact, ‘and reject-
ing heat, at a lower temperature, at another contact, thereby coming
under the thermodynamic law of temperature limitation, just as does
a heat engine, besides being subject to additional limitations imposed
by purely thermo-electric conditions. Consequently, not only is the
thermo-electric method of obtaining energy from carbon, by allowing
its combustion heat to operate thermo-clectric couples, likely to be a
failure in competition with the steam engine, owing to the tempera-
ture range limitation, but any real voltaic action in which carbon is
oxidized in a hot electrolyte can succeed only in spite of, and not by
reason of its accompanying thermo-clectric actions,
In other words, it would scem that a hot voltaic cell can only be a
successful competitor with the steam engine on account of its voltaic
action, and such thermo-electric ‘actions as inevitably occur therein
must be wasteful for the same reason that the steam engine is waste-
ful; namely, because the tempera-
ture range, instead of being be-
tween the high temperature and ab-
solute zero of temperature, is ac-
tually between the high tempera-
ture and a convenient moderate
temperature, While, therefore, the
prospects are not encouraging for
the production of a hot voltaic cell-
burning carbon, yet there is hope
that it may be found, whereas, with
the cool voltaic cell, the case seems
to be almost hopeless for the near
‘future,
If the energy of burning carbon
with oxygen cannot be liberated
electrically in a direct manner, as
above outlined, yet it may be pos-
sible to use its chemical potential energy to perform purely chemical
change in other combinations, and use the resulting products of that
chemical change for the final development of electrical energy in the
circuit of voltaic cells. Such exchanges of chemical energy at high
temperatures are not subject to the thermo-dynamic law of tempera-
tures, although incidentally much heat energy is usually wasted by
the furnaces in which such substitution takes place. Theoretically,
the exchange of chemical energy from carbon to some other sub-
stance in this manner does not necessarily require a wasteful expen-
diture of heat, and it is conceivable that the furnaces in which the
exchange occurs might be made so nearly heat-tight, by gradual im-
provement, as to waste but little energy.
Such indirect processes of obtaining energy from carbon are
already in use and are illustrated in the ordinary voltaic cell burning
zine. ‘The zine is originally taken in the form of oxide, and heated
in a closed furnace with carbon; the energy necessary to tear the
oxygen from the zinc, or reduce the metallic oxide to the metal, is
supplied by the energy of combustion of carbon with the oxygen,
and if the retort could be made heat-tight, and the waste of heat in
raising the temperature of the active substance prevented, the energy
of carbon would be transferred to the zinc in a fairly considerable
proportion. Owing, however, to the fact that in practice very con-
siderable thermal waste docs occur, the metallic zinc, when prepared
for the voltaic tell, carrics but a very small fraction, usually less
than 1 per cent of the energy originally possessed by the carbon used
in the process. Moreover, the labor involved in the operation of ex-
changing the energy between the carbon and the zine increases the
ee 8 atenenfaean ac fe walt kenawn. that the voltaic
eit.
battery employing zinc cannot possibly compete with the steam engine
as a developer of power.
In this indirect method of transferring the combustion energy of
carbon to some substance capable of use in a voltaic combination,
there is probably much more hope of exceeding the efficiency of the
steam engine, than in obtaining the energy by a direct voltaic method,
if only for the reason that the experimental field is so much more
extensive. If, however, a substance or combination of substances
were found in which, with the aid of carbon, combustion cnergy in an
improved voltaic cell could be developed so as to attain a final effi-
ciency exceeding that of the steam engine, it might readily happen
that the cost of the labor involved in the supply of the active sub-
stance and in conducting the process might be prohibitively great, so
that unless the substance were very cheap and the process of energy
exchange and subsequent voltaic release very simple, no commercial
realization could. be expected,
There are consequently two broad avenues in which improvement may:
“be looked for in utilizing the energy of coal. One is by improving the
heat engine, and the other is by finding a suitable substance to burn in
the voltaic cell, either hot or cold, transferring the chemical energy of
carbon to that substance by purely chemical means in a retort as
nearly heat-tight as possible,
So far as the heat engine is concerned, it is reasonable to expect
improvement inthe apparatus whereby the energy thermodynamic-
ally convertible may be better conserved, or the efficiency of the
machine improved, when debited with all the energy that its temper-
ature range will permit of being converted from heat into mass
motion. But with the modern steam engine, if these wastes were
entirely prevented, the efficiency would still be only about 20 per
cent, and the real difficulty lies in the range of working temperatures,
What is needed is a greater range of temperature, a lower tempera
ture of the condenser, and a higher initial temperature of the work
ing substance, the latter requirement being much the more important
of the two, In the case of the steam engine, this means higher steam
-Pressure, and improvements during the past century have been
steadily made in this direction. A greater difference of temperature
in.one and the same engine, however, tends to increase the thermal
waste by leakage conduction from the hot parts to the cool, and so
to diminish the relative actual efficiency. This has been, to some ex-
tent, overcome by coupling three or four seperate engines to one com-
mon driving shaft and expending the steam successively in the suc-
cessive engines, thus producing the multiple-expansion, compound
. engine, The limits of temperature and pressure elevation seem to be
almost reached for the present in this direction, partly owing to the
increased difficulties in lubrication at high ternperatures,
Tn the gas engine, however, the initial temperatures are consider:
ably higher, and for this reason the thermodynamic efficiency of gas
engines attains nearly 30 per cent or is considerably above that of the
steam engine. All that can be said for the future of heat engines is
that any marked improvements in their efficiency must come from
an increased range between the limits of the initial and final temper-
atures, whether this be effected in one engine, or in a plurality of
associated engines. Improvement in lesser degree may, of course, be
expected from the diminution of heat wastes in boiler and engine, as
well as in the reduction of mechanical friction. The steam-turbing
principle, if successfully adapted to large sizes of engines, would in-
troduce a great simplification of parts, reduction of weight, with, per-
haps, some dimintution of these losses, But the steam turbine must be
as much limited by the temperature range, as the ordinary recipro-
cating heat engine,
Apart from the solution of the problem by improvements in feat
engines, or by the discovery of a suitable working substance in the
voltaic cetl, there is always the possibility of finding some new me-
chanism by which the heat energy of carbon atoms can be converted
into the energy of mass motion. We are still so profoundly ignorant
of how the energy of carbon is stored relatively to that of oxygen,
that a discovery of the hidden mechanism of the storage principle
might lead to a discovery of a new means of releasing it. In other
words, there is something in a Iump of carbon in conjunction with
a lump of oxygen, which corresponds either to a bent spring or to
the motion of the gyrostat, All we know is that when the two sub-
stances are brought into sufficiently intimate contact, with the aid of
a high temperature, either the spring is released, or the gyrostatic
motion is arrested, with the production of jostle-energy among the
molecules of the substance, or of that particular kind of rapid oscil-
latory molecular. motion which we assume heat to be. Tt is conceiv-
able that if we had.a clearer idea of th
oe PROM
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A MANUFACTURERS. : *.:
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% ature of the invisible ing a light by heating.
HEGRHS 7 " ro a a : Pin
springs, or invisible gyrostats, we might discover some means by
which the springs might be released or the Gyrostats arrested, with-
out the production of jostle-energy, and with the direct production
of some kind of utilizable force, - ‘i 7
The mere fact that by chemical processes we are able to transfer |"!
at least a part of the energy of carbon to a different substance in
chemical form, without first Hiberating it in heat, should encourage
the hope that we may find a means of transferring it in some forns |:
other than chemical or thermal, and not until we have a clear know!l-
edge of the mechanism involved, and a clear conception of its neces |:
sary limitations, will that hope be destroyed, When we consider that |’
the world's annual consumption of coal is roughly 500,000,000 of tons, |:
the enormous importance. of improving upon the means of obtaining |.
“the energy from coal is sufficiently apparent, Perhaps the most im-
portant ultimately, of all problems before the human race, is the dis-
_covery of an available power supply when the world’s coal shall have
become exhausted some hundreds of years hence. Every waste of
this substance, diminishes to that extent the time in which the Pprob-
lem must be solved, if the future of the race is to be unchecked.
Meanwhile, however, there is every reason to expect that improve-
ments will take place in heat-engines, and there is reason to hope
that if their improvement is not sufficiently rapid, a more efficient
means of utilizing the energy may be found cither indirectly in a
voltaic cell, or in some manner not at present conceived of,
Light without Heat,
By Pror, R. A. Fessenpen,
PPARENTLY the most self-suggesting way of getting light
without heat would have been to have developed eyes which
could see afl the rays. But with an extremely aggravating
indifference to the waste of grey matter thereby to be entailed upon
their descendants, flabby one and backboned one went placidly along,
developing eyes which would only respond to a quite limited range
of vibrations, And if this apparent lack of business foresight had been
pointed out to any particular specimen of wiggling iniquity, he might
possibly have replied, “Do not tinker with development. In years to
come, one with a backbone will call your attention to the fact
that, ‘in the long run, the will of the people is, for the people, bet-
ter than that of the wisest individual. If we developed such eyes for
you, they would not be ‘of use, for what you saw with heat rays ,
would be blurred, and’ ultra violet rays don’t go very far. And be-
sides, as regards X-rays, with the morality of the community in such
a rudimentary state, I have serious: objections to my neighbors being
able to sce when I have anything extra good to eat inside me. Con-
sider our economical friend, the firefly, who serenely oblivious of the
ineterman’s threats to turn off the gas, titillates at will his abdomen
up to any desired candle-power, and go and do likewise.”
But we have been a long time trying to do likewise. x
How much the sky meant to our predecessors, we can never know.
Sometimes a long stretch of camp life goes far to give one a faint
conception and to make him realize, that as we have extended our
knowledge, we have contracted our firmament. No one now loaks up,
and we have forgotten the array of the stars,
From resinous knot to the flame of burning oil cannot have been
a far step, but for more than forty centuries (how much longer
we do not know) we rested at this stage. And it is a wonderful thing
to contemplate, that the generation now passing has been the first,
since the world began, to be able to neglect the waxing and the waning
of the moon. And since gas itself is merely a light hydro-carbon, of
the same general nature as that used for lamps and candles, being
thus rather an improvement in the means of distributing the material
than a new method of lighting, we may say that it is only within the
last twenty-five years that new methods of lighting have come into
use,
These may be divided into the following classes, (not fundament-
ally, but merely for the purpose of dealing with them.)
First—Light produced by heat. p
Second—Light produced by heat combined with chemical action.
Three—Light produced by chemical action. }
To consider the advances already made, and which we may expect
to be made in the first of these. hee %
The evolution of the incandescent lamp was a labor so tremendous ! ed
that no one man could have accomplished it. The method of obtain:
i
rz
-{ Edison Storage Battery.~An illustrated abstract of an English
patent to Edison, dated Nov. 20, 1900. <A translation of practically
the entire abstract is given in another column of this issue—Central-
hlatt f, Accum, Marely. 15. _.
/ "Mite EDISON STORAGE BATTERY. —
a In view of the deep effect that previous inventions and improves
‘| ments made by Mr, Edison have had on the arts, the excitement
: aroused by the report that he is about to Jaunch a new storage bath ‘
72 "tery of lesser weight for equipment wort: and of minimized depre-
- ciation, is quite justified, We are glad, therefore, to be able to pres,
; sent our readers with an account that they are likely to find very,
a interesting, of some of his latest Work in this field. The patents that,
: Mr, Edison has taken out abroad indicate.the lines along which he has,
f As. working, in the production of a copper-cadmium cell, although!
jit may be stated that the mere description in the patent does not
i wholly describe the most recent developments, Mr. Edison having be
j been busy on improvements up to the very moment at which this! .
‘note is written. It is understood that Dr. Kennelly is to give ther
Institute a paper on the subject, and in the meantime Mr. Edigon| |
; expects to have the battery at the Institute conversazione next week.
: Considering the need of further modifications in the modern storage
| battery for purposes not yet brought within its range, it is to be de-
| Voutly hoped that Mr, Edison has now added another to his long list
' of triumphs, by success in a field which he himself has chosen for a
i long time deliberately to neglect,
gaps eS sa Re ee
~ Edison’s Work in Storage Batteries,
Considerable interest has been manifested in the announcement
that Edison has been working on a new type of storage battery, but
no definite information has been obtainable concerning the same,
While the. American Patents have not yet been issued, an English
patent has, however, been recently granted, an abstract of which
has just appeared in a German paper, We, therefore, give below a
nearly literal translation of this abstract, it being the only informa-
tion which, up to the present time, is available in this country. We
assume that the accumulator described therein is the one—or one
among others—on. which Mr. Edison is now working, as it’ answers
to the description that it'is not a lead accumulator, and that ‘the
chemical actions in it are quite different from those in the ordinary
storage battery. tans ‘
In some respects the German abstract is not very clear, but the
general principles’ of the battery can be understood from the article;
It seems to be fundamentally a modification of the familiar copper
oxide alkaline accumulator, for which such great claims were made
a dozen or more years ago, and one form of which was known in
this country as the Waddell-Entz. battery. One change seems to
apiece Bn he ee
greatly increased. . Edison ‘has found that very finely divided cop-
per forms copper oxide free from water and insoluble in alkaline
lyes, whereas with the smallest particle of solid copper present or
upon the pressing together of the finely ‘divided copper, soluble
hydroxide of copper is formed, Finely divided copper is artificially
Prepared, preferably by the reduction of the carbonate with hydro-
gen. As negative electrode, finely divided cadmium is used. This
and the copper are in a tank of nickel or other metal, such as nickel
plated iron, i ‘
Fig. 1 gives a perspective view of a plate, Fig. 2 a horizontal i
cross-section of a pair of plates, and Fig. 3 a vertical cross-section’
of a cell with two pairs of plates. The plate marked 1 is made of |-
relatively thin sheet nickel, The lower parts of the plates are con- |.:!.
nected by insulating rods, 4, passed through the holes, 4; The: pins, |.
5, in the holes, 5, in the upper parts of the plates are used for the
electrical connection. On one side of the plates there are reservoirs
or “pockets” marked, 6, for the electrode metals, : These pockets |
are best made of perforated nickel sheets or nickel-plated sheets.
The best method of cleaning the plates is to heat them in a closed |. :
compartmnt to a red heat, and then reduce the oxide by hydrogen.
Cadmium in very finely divided, fibrous and vety pure condition, is
obtained by electrolysis of a week solution of cadmium sulphate |,
between a thin platinum wire as cathode and ,a;gadmium sheet as
anode, using a strong current. The deposit ae is removed
from the cathode from time. to time, and fri the sulphate by
washing with water. It is then filled into the ckets,”
Finely divided copper is obtained by the reduction of fine carbon=
ate with hydrogen. The temperature must be kept as low as the
completeness of the reduction allows, as otherwise the density of the 3
copper is increased too much: The finely divided copper thus ob-
tained is poured under slight pressure into thin blocks which fit the
“pockets” accurately. To avoid an increase of the density of ‘the
copper-in parts, the molds must not scratch or otherwise injure the
plates, The plates are then heated in a closed compartment for 6
22) 2D
or 7 hours, to not more than 260 degs, (probably centigrade), until |
the copper is changed into the black cupric oxide. At higher tem-
peratures the density is increased too much. The cupric oxide
blocks are next reduced to metal electrolytically, and are then
changed into the red cuprous oxide by charging, It would be pos-
sible to fill the finely divided copper first obtained, directly into the
pockets; but as it is not fibrous like the cadmium, the connection
“F DED
oP
DP
ose
| The Edison “Storage Battery. 4 :
; In an address delivered before the:
| Brooklyn Institute recently, Mr. W.+8.:
: Barstow, general manager of the Edison.
| IMuminating Company of Brooklyn, gave
: 1 the following account of Mr. Edison’s’
' new storage battery: :
| “An improvement which will at-once in-
‘ terest, the electric engincering fraternity
us well as the public, will be in’ ‘the
; line of storage batteries. ‘The present
' storage battery, although superior to that
; of several years ago, is’ still-a very in-
; ferior and inefficient piece of apparatus,
Not only is it costly and heavy in weight,
i but in portable form its ‘depreciation is
, rapid, Within the last few months several
; New types of lead batteries have been de-
‘ veloped, although none of them has as yet
been announced. : :
. “An entire departure from the lead type
lof battery has recently been invented,
‘and will soon be announced by Mr. Edi-
-;60n. — Mr. Edison’s battery contains no
tlead of any kind, the materials compos-
‘Ing it are cheap, its weight is ‘only. about
: one-third of the present battery, and its
i epreciation low. Although it will’ be
j found, when a description of it is seen, |
. {that it.is not what may be called a new
. | discovery, it is, nevertheless, a sucecsaful
‘development of what many have turned
/ aside as useless, In fact, this is true of
.; many of Mr. Edison’s inventions. The
j Rew typo of battery -will be announced
Within the next few weeks,” a
eee ot
FIGS, 1, 2 AND 3.—EDISON’S STORAGE BATTERY,
consist in having. the copper more finely divided, ahd in the use of
cadmium instead of zinc, The battery seems, apparently, to be iden-
tical with an accumulator described in a Swedish patent to Schmidt
and Junger. There appears to be a misprint concerning the volt-
age, which is given as 44, but this is probably a misprint for 0.44,
which would be @ little more than a fifth of the voltage of the ordi-
nary accumulator. This voltage corresponds approximately to that,
required by theory. If this is correct, it would, therefore, have to
have five times thie ampere-hour capacity per pound of cell to be
the equivalent of the lead accumulator as to ‘weight. Mr. Edison is
understood to‘have said that he cuts the weight of the cell in two
for equivalent work. Judging from the extract from the patent,
Great care is necessary to have the copper extremely finely divided,
. or otherwise it is claimed: the copper will dissolve.
The abstract, of which the following is a translation, is from the
Centralblatt fuer Accumulatoren und Elementenkunde, The trans-
lation is as follows: The present accumulators are too heavy, be-
cause much solution is required. In this new storage battery the
electrolyte remains unchanged, so that only a small quantity of it
is required. As ‘depolarizer, the lower oxide of copper is used;
\that is, the red oxide. In the older cells of this general type (re-
ferring presumably to the alkaline copper accumulator) soluble
copper salt is said to be formed, which transfers copper to the zinc
and thus produces rapid deterioration by local action, Efforts were :
made to prevent the circulation of this salt by surrounding. the posi-
tive electrode with a porous material, but these experiments -were
unsuccessful because this material did not prevent the circulation
“entirely, and was destroyed gradually by’ the strong, alkali A more- ,
‘over, much liquid was required _and_the resistance
Bayan ey Maeaeesty ee ie
On 5 i wis i
between the particles is not close cnough, so that it is not as good |. °:)
for the purpose as when treated in the way just described,
After the pockets have been filled and the plates of equal sign have
been connected together, they are placed in a case, 7, which contains
as electrolyte a 10 per cent solution of pure hydroxide of sodium.
During the charging of the cell, cuprous oxide is formed and water
is decomposed. During the discharge, cadmium oxide is formed and ;:
water is regenerated. As only a very small amount of liquid is re- '.
quired, it is: sufficient to place thin sheets of asbestos or another '
light, powerful material which is not attacked by alkalies, between
the plates and to moisten with the electrolyte. The internal resis-
tance is very small. The materials are not attacked, and there is no
local action between the cadmium and the nickel. The case, 7, may
be made of nickel or other metal, for instance iron, the interior of
which is nickel plated. The case may be sealed for liquids, the open-
ing, 9, being required only for the gases which are formed when the
céll is overcharged. : i
It may be added that not only has Mr, Edison stated that he would
reduce the weight of the modern storage battery by one-half, but
that he would reduce the depreciation to a tenth—to virtually
nothing. — i
3 ae
‘ ; i on 5 : aes Copper-Cadmium Batteries.
To the Editers of Electrical World and Engineer: ; :
Sirs—In view of the interest displayed by the electrical public:
‘tin the new Edison copper-cadmium-alkaline storage battery, it may)
Inot be out of place to call attention to the fact that, assuming the :
‘battery to be’ successful in general, and quite free from any serious
{ tendency to rapidly depreciate, yet even so, Mr, Edison's claims are :
‘not extraordinary, because his promise is to double the output of the}:
4
ae \ : “Manchester chloride,”"or to give the output of ‘the “Manchester
ee : = oa ‘chloride” battery with half the weight. This, I say, is no great in-
ney F : ‘vention, because the battery above cited has an output value equal to
ae ; 3 amperes per pound at best. There are several batteries now to be a
Thad that «lo double this work, as, for illustration, batteries like the;
oD F {“Gould” special, of the Plante genus, While there are batteries off a
oa ‘the Faure genus, such as “Taylor,” “Sperry” and others that pro- :
‘ jduce nearly three times that output; or, in reality, nearly g0 per cent
‘ ‘ : {more than Mr. Edison promises. This being so, Mr. Edison prom-,
: ‘ises nothing unless it is to do better in the way of depreciation, and :
‘promises of this nature, especially before they are substantiated by], a or
. ‘at least a year of service, are rather to be discounted, There are .
i formidable difficulties to be strmounted in the battery of the school
. ‘to which Mr. Edison's battery belongs, and while it is to be hoped
- ithat the Edison battery will improve with age, rather than de-
ipreciate, yet even:so the public will, in the judgment of the writer,|
’ , ‘pe’ perfectly SAIS, “eve Warranted; in giving"me lead-sulplititic aCnt : :
types of batteries some further consideration before banking on the ie .
. new possibility. I{.for no other reason, then because “we know the
4 devil we have,” : Tuos, J. Fay.
F . ‘(The copper-cadimum battery is but one step in Mr. Edison's 4
po eaas ; As \vork, and is the only portion so far made public—Ens, E,W. & E] | : ‘ in
Gd hid <
\
‘
—~,
‘
easel Hist died Bette : ite
On pages 360 and 361 of this issue of the’ Western
"Electrician is given Dr. Kennelly's paper on “The *
New Edison Storage Battery,” delivered at the an-
nual meeting of the American Institute of Elec. [-
trical Engincers in New York on Tuesday, May 2ist. |
ae . . ; , ‘To lay this interesting and valuable description be-
; : fore the readers of this journal, it was necessary to
‘telegraph the full text of 3,000 words from New
York. This was done, as the interest in Edisow’s
latest. work has been very great. Dr, Kennelly is j
a careful engincer and a close friend of the great |
is 2) inventor, and his description may be accepted as
<e authoritative. It will be seen that the new Edison
cell is a nickel-iron one of exceptional lightness,
Now that electrical men know how the battery is
made, the actual performance of the cell will be
Fawaited with keen interest
ei : pines & =
~
I take pleasure in bringing to the notice of the
lustitite this evening a novel type of storage bat-
tery, recently invented by Mr, Edison, It is well
known that the history of the storage cell is essen-
tially that of the lead cell, discovered hy Planté
‘tin 18Co, in which lead peroxide is the depolarizing
Substance, An enormous amount of labor has, in
-{the aggregate, been expended upon the improve-
ment of this cell in the hands of experimentalists,
As a result of that labor, the storage battery has at
last become a recognized adjunct to direct-current
central stations, but it has limitations that seen,
to withstand further attempts toward improvement.
OF recent years hardly any success has been met
with in the direction of reducing its weight for a
[given energy of storage capacity without detriment
to endurance, and this weight is the great draw-
«back of the storage battery in electric storage-battery .
traction, and has been the principal obstacle to its
advance in this direction for the last 20 years,
In practice the storage energy per unit mass of
the modern Iead battery is from four to six watt
hours peF pound of battery (88 to 13.23 watt-hours
per kilogram). Expressed in another way, 2 bat-
tery weighs from 1245 to 186.5 pounds per horse-
power-hour at its terminals (75.5 to 113.4 kilos per
kilowatt-hour), or, if its stored energy avdilable at
terminals were all expended in gravitational work,
.Ja battery could raise its own weight through a ver-
tical distance of from two to three ‘miles (3.2 to
48 kilometers), é
While it is. possible to increase the energy per
unit mass by making the electrodes very light, yet
this is always found to be followed by a very heavy
deterioration, Many attempts have also been made
to perfect storage cells of the alkaline-zincate type,
hut the great difficulty of depositing zine’in coherent
form from the solution, as well as the lack of a
depolarizer that shall be insoluble in: the electrolyte,
has stood in the way of this cell's success,
Mr, Edison set himself the task of finding a cell
‘| which should possess the following advantages: (1)
Absence of deterioration by work; (2) large storage
capacity per unit of mass; (3) capability of being
rapidly charged and discharged; (4) capability of
withstanding careless treatment; (5) inexpensive-
hess.
Mr, Edison believes that the cell now shown may
claim the advantages in a very satisfactory degree,
The negative pole, or positive element, correspond-
ing to the zine of a primary cell, or the spongy lead
of a secondary -cell, is iron.. The positive pole, or
negative clement, corresponding to the carbon of a
primary cell, or lead peroxide of a secondary cell,
is a superoxide of nickel, believed to have the for-
ula NiO: The cell is therefore a nickel-iron cell,
a name which suggests the structural material, nickel-
steel. : .
The electrolyte is potash, viz. an aqueous solution
containing from 10 to 4o per cent, by weight, but.
preferably 20 per cent., of potassium hydroxide, the
freezing temperature of which is 20 degrees below
zero F., or —30 degrees C, The initinl voltage of dis-
charge after recent. charge is 1.5 volts. The mean
voltage of full discharge is approximately 1.1 volts,
The normal discharging current rate per unit area of
active clement (positive or negative) is 60 milliam-
peres to the square inch, or 80.64 amperes to the
square foot, or 0.93 ampere.to the square decimeter,
The storage capacity of the cell per unit of total mass
of the cell is 1.4 watt-hours per pound, or 30.85 watt-
hours per kilo. Expressing the same statement in
‘another way, the weight of battery per unit of elec-
‘tric energy at terminals is 53.3 pounds per electrical
horsepower-hour, or 32.4 kilos per kilowatt-hour,
Or the battery gives energy at its terminals sufficient
to lift its own weight through a vertical distance of
approximately seven’ miles, or 11.26 kilometers,
The mean normat discharging power rate per unit
mass of total cell is 4 watts per pound, or 8.82 watts
per kilo, corresponding to a normal discharge period
of 3% hours. ‘The cell may, however, be discharged
ata relatively high rate, or approximately one hour,
corresponding to a discharging power rate per unit
of total cell mass of 12 watts per pound, or 26.46
watts per kilo.
Charging and discharging rates are alike; that is
to say, the cell may be charged at the normal rate
in 3% hours, or it may be charged at a relatively
high rate in one hour, with no apparent detriment
beyond a somewhat flowered electrical charge effi-
ciency. In other words, the cet! does not appear to
aper presented at the anual meeting of ihe Amotican
rnenane of Electrical Eng'neers in New York on May 2t, t901,
ta
THE NEW EDISON STORAGE BATT
By Artnur E. Kennenry,
(By telegraph to the Western Hlectrician]
ERY.’
be injured by overcharging or discharging, and only
suffers in electrical efficiency under such treatment.
The positive and negative plates are mechanically
alike, and can scarcely he distinguished by the eye.
They differ only in the chemical contents of their
pockets, ‘The samples exhibited were intended for
automobile, batteries, and illustrate the construction,
Each plate is formed of a comparatively thin sheet
of steel, 0.61 millimeter in thickness, in which rectan-
gular holes are stamped so as to leave a grid or frame
somewhat resembling a window frame, In the plate
shown there are three rows of eight such restangular
holes or recesses, or 24 recesses in all, Each open-
ing or recess is filled with a pocket or shallow box.
containing the active material, These boxes cor-
respond to the panes of glass in the window-frame
analogy. The panes, instead of being thinner than
the frame, as in an actual window, are thicker than
the’ frame, or project slightly beyond the surface
of the steel grid. They are perforated with numer-
ous sinall holes to admit the electrolyte, but en-
tirely conceal the contained active material from
view. All that meets the eye, therefore, in any of
the plates is the steel frame and its embedded “win-
dows” of perforated steel,
The active material is made in the form of rectan-
gular cakes or briquets, and one ‘stich briquet is
lodged in. each pocket or “window pane” of the
plate, Each of the plates therefore supports or con-
tains 24 briquets of active material, all in. rigid
contact with its own substance. Each briquet is
placed in a shallow, closely-fitting, nickel-plated box
of thin, perforated, crucible steel, cut from a léng
strip of that material, 0.003 inch (0.075 millimeter)
thick, A cover or lid of the same material is then
Jaid over it, so that the briquet is closely envel-
oped by the sides and watls of its perforated steel
box, The boxes are then placed in the Openings or
holes in the nickel-plated stect grid, and closely fit
the same. The assembled plate is then placed in a
hydraulic press, and subjected to a total pressure
sof about roo tons, ‘This pressure not only tightly
closes the boxes, but it also forces their metal sides
over the adjacent sides of the recesses in the steel
grid, thus clamping the whole mass into a single
solid and rigid steel plate, with the hollow “window
panes” full of active material, The nickel-plating of
both grids and boxes aids in securing good, perma-
nent electric connections between them, The finished
plate has a grid thickness of 0.024 inch (0.61 milli-
meter) and a “window” or pocket thickness of 0.1 inch:
(25 millimeters). This is the maximum thickness of !
the plate at any point, but, being of steel, the plate :
has ample rigidity,
The positive briquets (zines of a primary cell)
are made by mixing a finely divided compound of
iron, obtained hy a speciat chemical process, with
a_nearly equal volume of thin flakes of graphite.
The graphite does not enter into any of the chemical
actions, but increases the conductivity of the briquets,
The graphite is divided into very thin lamina by a
chemical process, and these are passed through siey
of screens so as to leave a size ‘or area of flake that
is much larger than the area of the perforation in the |
stecl windows, The mixture is then pressed into
briquets in a mold under a hydraulic pressure of
about two tons per square inch. ‘The briquets haye
a surface area of nearly three by % inch on each
face, The negative briquets (carbon of a primary
cell) are made by similarly mixing a finely divided
compound of nickel, obtained by- special chemical
nicans, with nearly equal bulk of fine flakes of graph-
ite, and solidifying the mixture in a mold into
briquets of the same size as above, -A suitable num-
her of positive and negative plates are assembled
together, being separated from one another only by 7
a thin sheet of perforated hard rubber,
The assembled plates are placed in a vessel, or ex- |
ternal containing-cell, of sticet steel, containing the
potash solution, which, of course, does not attack -
steel, There was, however, much difficulty froin
the action of the potash on the soldered scams of the
steel containing-vessel. After many trials, how-
ever, Mr. Edison found a solder which seems to
be entirely unaffected by the alkali. In charging,
the current is, of course, sent into the positive pole
and its attached negative nickel plate, through the
electrolyte, and into the positive plate of the iron
compound which carries the negative pole,
This current deoxidizes or reduces the compound
to spongy, mietallic iron and carries the oxygen
through the ‘film of electrolyte to the nickel com-
pound, oxidizing it to the hyperoxide of nickel, NiO:
a higher oxide than the peroxide. In other word.
ae
the charging current simply carries oxygen He ed
opposite direction against the forces of chemical aftin :
ity, from the iron to the nickel, and stores the ener
in the ‘reduced iron, which is, of course, unaffected
aud passive in the presence of the potash solution.
On discharge, the current passes from the positive
pole through the external circuit to the negative po! es
ait its attached iron or positive plate, and then
throngh the solution to the negative or superoxide
In go doing, the oxygen moves back ngainst
the current:and partially reduces the nickel ae
oxide, NiO; while oxidizing the spongy tron. Hi
energy of burning of the iron and oxygen, W hich
t would be developed as heat in the ordinary chemi af
process, is now liberated in the circtit as elcetrica
energy. .
ooh cell is an oxygen-lift. Charging pulls the
oxygen away from the iron and delivers it tem-
porarily to the nickel. The condition is then stable,
until the circuit of the cell is completed, Discharge
then allows the oxygen to fall back from the nickel
to the iron with the natural aftinity of iron and
plate.
‘netfon is very different from that which takes
' place in the lead storage Here, neglecting com
tions, the action is usually cere for a4
cal purposes as being represented by the equation,
PLO, 4 ILSO: -+ Ph = PbSOs + 21,0 -+ PSO,
+ 100 watt-hours, where the left-hand side repre-
sents the condition of charge, and the right-hand side
the condition of discharge. Here oxygen is not sim-
3 . 7 : ply transferred in discharge from the peroxide to
the spongy lead, but the solution is changed A(theoret-
) from an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid to
plain water. Of course the discharge could not prac-
tically be carried to the point of denuding the solu-
tion of all sulphuric acid, and a surplusage of acid
mitst be used, ‘The equation gives a more theoretic
- outline of admittedly very complex reactions. In
at other words, the specific gravity of the sulphuric
acid solution falls during the discharge, and_ the
_. solution enters into the chemical combination, The-
oretically, for every 44s grammes of active material
' on both "plates, 196 grammes of sulphuric acid are
reqttired to effect the combination, or 44 per cent,
by weight of the active elements, and in practice
it is usual to allow a weight of sulphuric acid nearly
equal to half the weight of the elements or about
one-quarter of the total weight of the cell.
In the new Edison cell, on the other hand, the
theoretical action of the potash solution is merely
to provide the proper channel through which the
5 ions may travel in one direction or the other
—positive plate to negative plate in’ charge, and
negative plate to positive plate in discharge, Con-
sequently, the amount of solution needs only to be
sufficient to fulfit: mechanical requirements. It is
helieved that the weight of solution will in practice
be only about 20 per cent. of the plate weight, or
about 14 per cent. of the cell weight, In fact, the
cell may be worked in the same manner as the so-
called primary (dry) cells. Morcover, if the solu-
tion should escape, or be carried away by gasing in
charging, the only detriment seems to he the loss
of active surface therchy occasioned, and it will only
be necessary to fill up the cells to the proper level
with walter from time to time, as evaporation or gas-
ing may lower the level. For the same reasons the
specific gravity of the electrolyte does not appre-
ciably vary during charge and discharge.
. The briquets of active material slightly expand on
receiving oxygen, and slightly contract on delivering
it; that is to say, the iron briquets contract and the
nickel briquets expand during charge, while on dis-
charge the iron briquets expand and the nickel
briquets contract, ‘The expansions and contractions
of the briquets appear to be well within the elastic
limits of the spring steel containing-boxes, and con-
sequently the electric contact is always secure, The’
covers or sides of the window pockets. merely ap-|
proach to, or recede from, cach other slightly during
charge and discharge, Fortunately, steel is the metal
which possesses this mechanical elasticity
marked degree.
The action of the charging and discharging cur-
rent upon the briquets seems to be transferred from
their external surfaces inward in a manner similar
to the transfer of carbon and oxygen in the process
of making malleable cast iron in the-furnace, on the
principle of cementation. No active material has been
found to be cj led from the briquets through the win-
dow perfora ious, even under deliberate overcharging
and discharging. Such gas as is thereby produced
makes its appearance on the external surface of the
windows. If the nickel compound had no affinity for
oxygen, so that energy was neither developed nor
} Th
(Le Poy
Zrb 27
x
~
ee
VA
ZL Sf 67
_and the
in al.
absorbed in the deoxidation or further oxidation of
that substance, then the energy would.be entirely that
due. tox.the «energy of combination of oxygen and
Stated to be 79.7. watt-hours,
ra ”
and representing |
¢ force theoretically obt inable of
1.47 volts, If the combination of oxygen with the
nickel compound be exothermic or energy-releasing,
then the watt-hours delivered (and the elestromelye
force) will be lessened by the cnergy iocesstelly
paid back to break up the combination, If, on the
other hand, the combination is endothermic or ene
ergy-absorbing, then the watt-hours delivered (and
the electromotive force) will be increas edd by the
energy restored on breaking up the combination,
Since the superoxide scems not to have, been
known hitherto, no information concerning its en-
ergy of combination is obtainable, ‘The clectromo-
tive force of the cell seems to be so near to that of
the union of iron and oxygen as to suggest that the
nickel ‘superoxide is not far from being neutral, or
that the nickel compound has but litte affinity for
oxygen, although the superoxide appears to be quite
stable in the cell. ; :
The new cell dacs not scem to be appreciably in-
fluenced by changes of temperature, and should stand
a very low temperature without detriment. The elec-
trolyte—potash—does not attack any of the ingredi-
ents of cell, nor are any of the ingredients soluble
therein, No local action occurs in the ecll so far as
has yet been observed, since the electromotive foree is
below that necessary to decompose water, ‘I he cell
may be fully discharged to the practical zero point of
electromotive force without detriment. In fact, a
cell has not only been completely discharged, Dut ree
charged in the reverse, or wrong, direction, and after
bringing it back to its originally charged state hy
proper restoration of direction of charging current,
the storage capacity remained unaffected, It would
seem, therefore, that the cell should be capable of
withstanding mutch abuse. :
Mr. Edison states that “the negative plate (nickel)
either charged or discharged, can be removed from
a working cell, and dried in the air for a week; with-
out appreciably injuring it, and when the plate is
finally replaced in the cell its charge is practically
an_ clectromotiv:
undiminished.” The positive (iron) plate, if sim- i :
ilarly removed from the cel! would be likewise unin-
jured, but it soon loses its charge hy the oxidation
of spongy iron with accompanying liberation of heat
and appreciable rise of temperature extending over
a period of several hours. On replacing -the elec.
trode, however, in the cell, the storage capacity is
unaffected on recharge. “
As regards cost, Mr. Edison believes that after
factory facilities, now in course of preparation, have
been completed, he will be able to furnish the cells |)
at a price per kilowatt-hour no greater than the pre-
vailing price of lead cells.
Having now considered the action and properties
of the cell, a brief description may be given of the
difficulties encountered in developing it.
The phenomenon of passivity has probably kept |,
inventors from finding this cell in the past, Mr.
Edison believes that of all the very numerous com-
pounds of iron, and of which he has tried many
hundreds, the particular compound which he pre-
pares is perhaps the only one capable of being used.
If the dried hydrates or oxides of iron, native or ;
artificial, are subject to electrolytic reducing action
in any alkaline solution, they remain inert and un;
affected, On the other hand, if finely divided iron
obtained by reducing a compound of iron under
the action of a reducing agent, stich as hydrogen or
carbonic monoxide, is subjected to electrolytic oxida-,
tion in an alkaline solution, it is inert and cannot
be oxidized.
State. The same difficulty of passivity affects the
use of nickel or the negative element. Finely di-
vided nickel, reduced from a nickel compound, re-
mains inactive when subjected to electrolytic oxygen
in an alkaline solution. The monoxide and the black
oxide or peroxide are also inert. No oxide of nickel
is active or can be made active by electrolytic action,
peroxide does not act as a depolarizer.
2
It assumes the well-known passive |.
THE NDIGON STORAGH Barrer
Mr. Edisén has given the world what
_ promises to be another epoch-making in-
vention. ; ae
‘This remarkable man has signalized his
return to the field of electrical invention
{by ‘the announcement of the long-sought
and ‘urgently needed light storage bat-
tery, and has accomplished his result after
the manner that marks all really great
inventions—through means of tho great-
est aimplicity, In Dr. Kennelly’s paper (a
masterpiece of simple and lucid state-
“! ment), reprinted elsewhere in this issue,
will be found an account of the method—
iron ‘and nickel-oxide plates in a solution
of potash—whereby the weight-elficiency
of the accumulator has been increased two
‘and one-half times, And this method has
been almost under the hands of investiga-
tors for twenty years, yet has remained un-
discovered !
To put it in plain English, this means
that for the same weight the.new storage
battery should do two and one-half times
‘ag much work as present types. In addi-
tion to this signal achievement the
veteran inventor has also announced a bat-
significant depreciation and a low first cost, |
Mr. Edison has produced no invention I
of broader utility in the electrical field
of industry. It is hard to foresee all the
may look a little way and sce the noiseless |
tery having a high discharge rate, an in- |
since incandescent lighting was evolved |:
from the busy brain of the same pioneer :
'
| meaning of this improvement. But we |. -
then read his paper
hatlery, as follows’:
p
rsfO£ the Institute, this evening,
/Edigon,
nent of this coll'-{n. the
ment, Of recent years,
“ing {ts weight for a
capacity, without
years,
Tyr or Meranic Cen Useo with tie
Episox Storage Barreny,
mass of tho modorn lead battery, is from four
to six watt-hours per pound of battery (8.8
to 13.23 watt-hours per kilogramme). Bx-
pressed In another way, a battery welghs
from 124.5 to 186.5 pounds per horse-power-
hour at [ts terminals (76.6 to 1134 kilos
» |per Kilowatt-hour); or, if its stored energy
“available at terminals were all expended in
Jeravitattonal work, a battery could raise its
‘jown welght through a vertical distance of
. {from two to three miles (3.2 to 4.8 kilo-
cily, the suppression of the horse, and the ;
automobile a factor of economic impor- |
fected battery means the solution of many !
the new art of electric navigation. Tlec- |
tric’ ‘tugboats will give new life to our !
canals, and with electric ferryboats will |
revolutionize our harbors. Electric tor- |
/pedo boats of awiftness and secrecy will ;
make present naval armaments of doubt- |
ful. protection. ;
foothold in its carcer of industrial con-)
The new constilition lopted after
discussion. ‘Ihe reports of the secretary
and_ treasurer were read and showed a
total membership of 1,260 .and_a cash
bahince of $1,451.48.-" Dr. A. E. Kennelly
tunce in general transportation, ‘lho por- i "
: difficult” fraction problems, the betterment e :
of electric lighting and the foundation of ‘.
The invention gives electricily a new. ;-
Seda.
metres).
While it is possible to increase the
energy por unit mass by making the clec-
trodes very light, yet this is always found
to be followed by a very heavy deterioration,
Many attempts have also been made to
erfect storage cells of the alkaline-zincate
{type, but the great difficulty of depositing
inc in coherent form from the solution, os
well as the Inck of a depolarizer that shall
oe he insoluble in tho electrolyte, has stood in
ithe way of this cell's success, dons
Mr. Edison set himself the task of finding
ff cell which should possess the. following
-jadvantages:
1. Absence of deterioration by work.
* 2. Large storage capacity per unit of mass.
. 8. Capability of being rapidly charged and
“discharged,
* 4, Capability of
reatment.
5. Inexpenslveness.
He-belloves that the cell here shown may
claim these advantages in a very satisfactory
‘degree.
The negative polo or positive element, cor-
responding to the zinc of a primary cell-or
the spongy lead-of a secondary cell, 1s fron.
The positive pole or negative element, cor-
responding to the carbon of a primary cell
or lead peroxide of 2 secondary cell, is a
superoxide of nickel belleved to have the
formula NiO,, The cell fs therefore a nickel-
iron cell, a namo which suggests tho struc-
withstanding caroless
on the Hdison storage
I tako pleastre In bringing to the notlee
a novel type
jot storage battory, recently Invented by Mr,
It $s woll known that the history of the
storage coll §s essentially that of the lead
cell discovered by Planté in 1860, in which
lead peroxide {5 the depolarizing substance,
[An cnormous amount of labor has, {n tho
Mgeregate, beon expended upon the improve-
g ‘ hands of experl-
Imentalists, As a result of that: labor, the
Storago battery has at last become a recog:
mized adjunct to’ direct-current central sta-
tlons, but {t has limftations that seom to
withstand further attempts toward Improve-
hardly any success
has beon mot with in the direction of reduc.
given energy-atorage
detriment to endurance,
and this weight {s the grent drawback of the
storage battory In electric storage traction,
and has been the principal obstacle to its
advance In this direction for the past 20
In practice, the storage energy por unit
ural mit ful—nickol-steel, . ‘Tia oloetrolyt
ria, J. Th cH
1s potash; viz, an aqueous solution contatn.:
{ng from 10 to 40 per cont by welght,’ hut;
preferably 20 per cent of Potasslum hydrox.
opine frecring temperature of which s|
2 Srees below zoro Fahre 3 7
g)¢es centigrade, is be
The inital voltage of discharge -atter! .. .
recent chargo fs 1.6 volts. The a voltage’ a
ot full discharge tg approximately 1.1 volts} 2
The normal discharging current rate pers 7
unit area of active element (positive, or}
hegative) Is go Milemperes., 9. g gy tuner 8
eq inch, by. tua? o
6] auupers "ny
9.93 iq. deoiniete Tee The storage capacity of the
‘cell per unit of total mass of the
coll ig 14 watt-hours per pound = or
80.85 watt-hours por Kilo, Expressing the)”
same statement fn another way, the Wwolght!
of battery por unit of electric energy at ter-,
minals 1s 53,3 pounds per electrical horse-
power-hour or 32.4 Illos por Kilowatt-hour, Or:
the battery gives onergy at its terminals sufi.
elent to lift its own wolght through a vert!
eal distance of approximately 7 miles or!
11.26 kilometres. ‘The mean normal dls.
charging power-rate per unit mass of total}
cell {gs 4 watts per pound or 8.82 watts por!
kllo, Corresponding to a normal discharge '-°
perlod of three and one-half hours, The call,
may, however, bo discharged at a relatively
high rate, In approximately one hour, Cor-!
responding to a discharging power-rate per
unit of total cell mass of 12 watts per pound
or 26.46 watts per kilo, Charging and dis-| E
charging rates are alike. That is to! vor
say, the cell may be charged at tho} .
normal rate in three and one-half ;,, «
hours; or, it may be charged at a}
relutively high rate in one hour, with no ap-;
parent detriment beyond a somewhat lowered |
electrical charge oflictency. In other words,
the cell does not appear to be injured by}:
over-charging or discharging, and only suf-
fore electrical efficiency under such trent-!
ont.
The positive and negative plates aro me-/
chanically alike, and can scarcely be distin.
gulshed by the eye, ‘hoy differ only in the
chemical contents of their pockets. The}
samples here exhibited, which are intonded |
for automobile batteries, illustrate the con-:.’
struction, Each plate is formed of 2 com-
paratively thin sheet of steel, 0.024 inch
(0.61 mm.) in thicknoss, out of which rec i
tanguiar holes are stamped, so as to leaver.
a grid or frame somewhat resembling: a
window-frame. In the plate here shown,
there are three rows of elght such ree
langular. holes or recesses, or 24 recesses In
all. :
Each opening or recess is filled with a
pocket or snallow box containing the active
material. These boxes correspond to the
panes of glass In the window-frame analogy.
The panes Instead of bolng thinner than the} :
frame, as in an actual window, are thicker;
than the frame, or project slightly beyond ;
the surface of the steel grid. ‘They are per-
forated with numerous small holes to admit!
the electrolyte, but entirely conceal the con-'
tained active material from view. All that
meets the eye, therefore, in any of the plates,
is the stecl frame, and its embedded “win:
dows” of perforated steel. 4
The active material fs made in the form of |
rectangular cakes or briquettes, and one such
briquette is lodged in each pocket or “win- .
dow pane” of the plate. Each of the plates |
shown, therefore, supports, or contains, 24 |.
briquettes of active material, all in rigid
contact with Its own substance.
Each briquette is placed in a shallow, .
closely fitting nickel-plated box of thin per:
forated cructble steel, cut from a long striy
of that material 0.003 fnch. (0,075 mm.) H
thick. A cover or Id of the’same material ;
fs then laid over it, so that the briquette Is
closely enveloped by the sides and walls of {
its perforated steel box. The boxes are then
placed in the openings or holes in the nickel-
Plated steel grid, and closely fit the same.
The assembled plate 1s then placed In a hy-
draulic press, and subjected to a total press- Z
ure of about 100 tons, This pressure not |<:
* | age cell, the electric automodil
* Smoothness of running and con
{weight and depreci:
: {caps it like a verit
~ | Curiously enough, the substances
sates ERAT
Whee aisy Go yt se
| THE New Eptson StoraGe CeéLL.
| Tt was with great interest that we have seen the facts concerning
| Mr. Edison's new storage cell definitely set forth in the paper upon
this subject read this week before the American Institute of Elcctri-
‘cal Engineers, and reproduced in this issue. So many inaccurate
| notions have been formed of late concerning this cell, partly owing
‘to a certain German patent recently granted to Mr. Edison for a
cadmiwum storage cell, that it is gratifying to receive a clear and prac-
‘tical authorized statement of the facts,
| ‘The great advantage of the new cell is that it is structurally com-
posed of steel instead of the eternal Jead of the past, a relatively weak
‘and heavy metal, Mr, Edison is said to have observed some years
i ago that if the Creator had intended that lead should be used in a
storage cell, he would not have given to that metal its high specific
° gravity, With steet plates the structure of the cell can be designed
i for strength and rigidity with the minimum mass of inactive material,
Another advantage of the cell is its absence of “formation,” or the
‘period of incubation through which the leaden cell has to pass in
‘order to develop its storage capacity. We understand that when the
: chemical salts are inserted in the receptacles of the plates, they are
{ready for charging in the ordinary way, which is an obvious advan-
4 tage. There is one disadvantage about steel for plates, however, and
‘that is that it cannot be cut or molded with the same facility as lead, |.
“and that special dies and tools are necessary for the stamping and fill-
ing of the plates. This means, of course, some extra delay in the prep-
aration of the cell for the market, It would seem that all the meas- |:
‘urements and experience collected upon this cell under Mr, Edison's
direction and supervision within the last six months, have been made’
on smail plates containing each a single pocket or briquette of active
“material, and that although the machines for cutting and pressing |.
‘larger, or multiple-briquette plates, are in course of manufacture, the | .
‘full-sized cells have not yet made their appearance,
°. Although the em. £ of the new nickel-iron cell is only a little more
. than half that of the lead cell, yet if 14 watts per pound of cell can be
obtained from it, the nickel-iron cell will deliver at least twice as
_ Much electrical energy as the same weight of lead cells of which we
: have reliable data based on extended use, Of course, pasted lead cells
* can be made to give, when new, even more than 14 watts per pound;
but their lives under active work would be short and have not tha
merit of being even merry. The fact that the alkaline solution of the
i cell does not enter into chemical combination, but remains chemically
; unaltered during charge and discharge, is another advantage, Part of
' the fall ine. m, f£ of the lead cell during discharge must be attributed
‘ to local chemical exhaustion of the acid solution in the pores of the
: plates, Although it will not be possible to gauge the degree of
5 charge or discharge of the new cell by means of the specific-gravity
~ indicator, yet the voltmeter may perhaps give sufficiently this impor-
tant information. As for the change from an acid to an alk:
: aline elec-
‘trolyte, there is but little to be said. One can destroy carpets, clothes
. and epidermis, almost equally
iS Bor a5
pi y effectually with acid as alkali, The
alkali will probably, however, have to be kept out of free communica-
ion with the air, or it will
' ; absorb atmospheric carbonic dioxide, to
. ats own detriment, and the grict of the user,
——
We are glad that Mr.
, Edison has once more turned his great in-
! ventive talents to cleetric:
iv ; ‘al problems. The Storage battery for trac-
tive purposes is a crying need of the day. We understand that this
new cell j H
! ell is the result of more than half a year’s research on his part,
“t : :
‘ not including the work of his assistants, With a good, reliable stor-
i le can distance all the competition of
. Steam and gasoline for city work, The ‘nois.
i
elessness, cleantiness,
Werience of the electric automobile
preference to-day if it were not for the
ation of the leaden Storage battery, which handi-
it able old man of the sea on the back of Sindbad the
sailor. We sincerely hope that Mr, Edison has thrown off the incubus,
entering into the action of the cell
The grids or Plates are of stecl, The
f nickel and iron, the two most
while Oxygen,
¢ permeability,
{would easily give it the
are all magnetic substances,
active materials are oxides 0
netizable known substances,
i also a r atively high magneti
mag-
the active transfer has
of Arts. Proceedings: Institute of Civil Engineers, Institute of Elec-
trical Engineers, Royal Society, Physical Society, ‘Royal Astronomi-
cal Society, ete; Philosophical Magazine, Philosophical Transactions,
Philosophical Journal, Repertory of Arts, Repertory of Patent In-
ventions, Revista Telegrafica, Reports of British Association for the
Advancement of Science, Scientific american, Science, Telegraphic
Journal and Electrical Review, Telegrapher, Telegrafi Italiana, Zeit-
schrift, Angenandte Elektricitat, Zetzche Electreschen Telegrafica,
Zeitschrift Telegraphen Verein,
It is the intention of the Institute to prepare a catalogue of the li-
brary upon a much more elaborate scale than any Hitherto attempted,
in which the titles of all except the later and better-known works
will be followed by a note giving an indication of the contents, or,
in the case of the rare old volumes dealing only incidentally with elec-
tricity, the reason for their presence in an electrical library.
—_——
The New Edison Storage Battery.*
By Dr. Artiur E, Kennety, :
T is welt known that the history of the storagecell is essentially
that of the lead cell discovered by Plante in 1860, in which lead
peroxide is the depolarizing substance, An enormous amount of
labor has, in the aggregate, been expended upon the improvement of
this cell in the hands of experimentalists, As a result of that labor,
the storage battery has at last become a recognized adjunct to direct-
current central stations, but it has limitations that seem to withstand
further attempts toward improvement, Of recent years, hardly any
success has been met with in the direction of reducing its weight for
a given energy-storage capacity, without detriment to endurance, and
this weight is the great drawback of the storage battery in electric
storage traction, and has been the principal obstacle to its advance in
this direction for the past 20 years, 1
In practice, the storage energy per unit mass of ithe modern lead
battery, is from 4 to 6 watt-hours per pound of battery (8.8 to 13.23
watt-hours per kilogramme. Expressed in another way, a battery
weighs from 124.5 to 186.5 Ibs. per horse-power-hour at its terminals
(75.5 to 113.4 kilos per kilowatt-hour) ; of, if its stored energy avail-
Fics, 1 To §.—Grios, Briquette AND Briguerte Pockets, Eorson Storace Battery,
able at terminals were all expended in gravitationat work, a battery
could raise its own weight through a vertical distance of from two
to three miles (3.2 to 4.8 kilometers). ;
While it is possible to increase the energy per unit mass by making
the electrodes very light, yet this is always found to be followed by
a very heavy deterioration. - 7 7
Many attempts have also been made to perfect storage cells of the
alkaline-zincate type, but the great difficulty of depositing zine in co-
herent form from the solution, as well as the lack of a depolarizer
that shall be insoluble in the electrolyte, has stood in the way of this
cell’s success. ‘
Mr. Edison set himself the task of finding a cell which should pos-
sess the following advantages:
1. Absence of deterioration by work.
2. Large storage capacity per unit of mass. : :
3. Capability of being rapidly charged and discharged.
- sented at the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the American In-
nition ‘Electrical Engineers, New York, May 21st, t90t.
4. Capability of withstanding careless treatment.
5. Inexpensiveness, :
He believes that the cell here shown may claim these advantages in
a very satisfactory degree. The negative pole, or positive element,
secondary cell, is iron. The positive pole or negative element, corre-
sponding to the carbon of a primary cell, or lead peroxide of a sec- {
ondary cell, is a superoxide of nickel believed to have the formula /
NiO: The cell is therefore a nickel-iron cell, a name which suggests |
the structural material—nickel-st¥el. The electrolyte is potash; viz. ;
an aqueous solution containing from 10 to 40 per cent by weight, but {
preferably 20 per cent of potassiym hydroxide, the freezing tempera- |
ture of which is 20 degs, belowyzero F, or—zo degs. C. |
(
t.
The initial voltage of discharge after recent charge is...... +15 volts
The mean yoltage of full discharge is approximately........1.1 volts
The normal discharging current rate per unit area of ‘active element
ha ‘ ¥ milllamperes
(positive or negative) is .......ceceeeeesece see 60 ime ;
amperes .
Tietteeeereeeseseeneeeteesse ees B6q ABEEEE
NOUN e eee eee eee een eeeeesesesuen sens Ou Amperes
93 8q. decimeter,
The storage capacity of the cell per unit of total mass of the cell
Scsccsvcaane ++14 watt-hours per pound of battery
(an seeeseredoveeee3085 watt-hours per kilo
Expressing the same statement in another way, the weight of battery
per unit of electric energy at terminals is.. -53.3lbs. per e. h. p, hour
Weeererereerererecerserseeecrreerers32q4 kilos per kilowatt-hour
Or the battery gives energy at its terminals sufficient to lift its own
weight through a vertical distance of approximately,
7 miles or 11,26 kilometers,
The mean normal discharging power-rate per unit mass of total cell
iS.seee steecsenseosed Watts per pound or 8,82 watts per kilo
Corresponding to a normal discharge period of.......+40. +34 hours
The cell may, however, be discharged at 2 relatively high rate, in
approximately ......cscsseccpecsecesecceeecseveovscesveeed HOUF
Corresponding to a discharging power rate per unit of total cell mass
Of. veseseseeeeees eevee sE2 Watts per pound or 26.46 watts per kilo,
or.
or,.
Charging and discharging rates are alike. That is to say, the cell
may be charged at the normal rate in 334 hours; or, it may be charged
at a relatively high rate in one hour, with no apparent detriment be-
yond a somewhat lowered electrical charge efficiency, In other words, }-
the cell does not appear to be injured by overcharging or discharging,
and only suffers in clectrical efficiency under such treatment.
The positive and negative plates are mechanically alike, and can
scarcely be distinguished by the eye. They differ only in the chemical
contents of their pockets, The samples here exhibited, which are in-
tended for automobile batteries, illustrate the construction. Each
plate is formed of a comparatively thin sheet of steel, 0.024 inch (0.61
mm) in thickness, in which rectangular holes'are stamped, so as to
leave a grid or frame somewhat resembling a window-frame. In the
plate here shown, there are three rows of eight rectangular holes or
recesses, or 24 recesses in all,
Each opening or recess is filled with a pocket or shallow box con-
taining the active material, These boxes correspond to the panes of
glass in the window-frame analogy, The panes instead of being thin-
t
{
;
i
(
corresponding to the zinc of a primary cell, or the spongy lead of a {
{
'
H
| tue New Epson STORAGE Cétt. 7
It was with great interest that we have seen the facts concerning,
| Mr, Edison's new storage cell definitely set forth in the paper upon
this subject read this week before the American Institute of Electri-
ical Engineers, and reproduced in this issue. So many inaccurate
inotions have been formed of late concerning this cell, partly owing
!to a certain German patent recently granted to Mr. Edison for a
_ cadmium storage cell, that it is gratifying to receive a clear and prac-
‘tical authorized statement of the facts. eh > \
ner than the frame, as in an actual window, are thicker than the of both grids and boxes aids in securing good permanent electric con- :
frame, or project slightly beyond the surface of the steel grid. They nections between them. The finished plate has a grid thickness of |.’
are perforated with numerous small holes to admit the electrolyte, but 0.024 inch (0.56 mm.), and a “window” or pocket thickness of or inch |<
(25 mm.). This is the maximum thick-
_ ness of the plate at any point, but being
of steel, the plate has ample rigidity, a
The positive briquettes (zines of a pri- a
mary cell) are made by mixing a finely |
divided compound of iron obtained bya ;
special chemical process with a nearly |
equal volume of thin flakes of graphite. |
The graphite does not enter into any of
the chemical actions, but assists the con-
ductivity of the briquettes. The graphite |
The great advantage of the new cell is that it is structurally com-| | - eee
: posed of steel instead of the eternal lead of the past, a relatively weal! , : ace
‘and heavy metal, Mr, Edison is said to have observed some years ’ : :
' ago that if the Creator had intended that lead should be used in al : Me Rest eS ys -
storage cell, he would not have given to that metal its high specific ’ :
" gravity, With stecl plates the structure of the cell can be designed
si is divided into very thin lamine by a
| for strength and rigidity with the minimum mass of inactive material, |. 7 ’ : chemical process, and these are passed
S aa Another advantage of the cell is its absence of “formation,” or the a . through sieves or screens so as to leave a
. bs Ss ‘period of incubation through which the leaden cell has to pass in : size or area of flake that is much larger
\ . = . ‘order to develop its storage capacity. We understand that when the : ok ported Pee ee
MeN, 7 : : -chemical salts are inserted in the receptacles of the plates, they are |) —~ : os pressed into briquettes in a mold, under
Sock {ready for charging in the ordinary way, which is an obvious adyan- . a hydraulic pressure of about two tons
' “tage. There is one disadvantage about steel for plates, however, and | «+ > 6 per square inch, The briquettes have a
: ‘that is that it cannot be cut or molded with the same facility as lead, : surface area of nearly 3 inches by 14
\ ; “and that special dies and tools are necessary for the stamping and fill- pe Laat aaare uettes (carbon of a
’ , ut ing of the plates, This means, of course, sonic extra delay in the prep- primary call) are nde by similarly mix-
aration of the cell for the market. It would seem that all the meas- |:
‘urements and experience collected upon this cell under Mr, Edison's
direction and supervision within the last six months, have been made’
ing a finely divided compound of nickel,
" obtained by special chemical means, with
FIG, 6—DISCHARGE CURVE OF EXPERIMENTAL CELL,
a
Ss wi a nearly equal bulk of fine flakes of
ae fo . . & : raphite, and solidifying the mixture in
es . ‘ es -on small plates containing each a single pocket or briquette of active . ’ ; entirely conceal the contained active material from view. All that a mold into briquettes of ike ae size a Above 8
i . “3 \tmaterial, and that although the machines for cutting and pressing |. meets the eye, therefore, in any of the plates, is the steel frame, and A suitable number of positive and negative plates are assembled
: : larger, or multiple-briquette plates, are in course of manufacture, the |... its embedded “windows” of perforated steel, together, being separated from one another only by a thin sheet of
; : ; full-sized cells have not yet made their appearance, me pate x , The active material is made in the form of rectangular cakes or perforated hard rubber.
i \ H . ‘ briquettes, and one such briquette is lodged in each pocket or “win- The assembled plates are placed in a vessel or external cell of
: dow pane” of the plate. Each of the plates shown, therefore, sup- sheet steel containing the Potash solution, which, of course, does
. Although thee, m. £, of the new nickel-iron cell is only a little more
: ' Ports, or contains, 24 briquettes of active material, all in rigid con- not attack steel, There was, however, much difficulty from the
a . than half that of the lead cell, yet if 14 watts per pound of cell can be : tact with its own substance, - action of the potash on the soldered seams of the steel containing
5 , ; : obtained from it, the nickel-iron cell will deliver at least twice as i Each briquette is placed in a shallow, closely fitting nickel-plated vessel. After many trials, however, Mr. Edison found a solder
much electrical energy as the same weight of lead cells of which we : ; box ‘ thin, Rais oy eae ae ra from a ied ae of that ma- ia Pear tes alee Pies seams pie Silecihs
, have reliable data based on extended use, OF course, pasted lead cells ha? cae “ ce terial 0.003 inch (0.075 mm.) thick. A cover or lid of the same ma- Beret cre cubnenk: 18; Of: course, P pote.
. terial is then Iaid over it, so that the briquette is closely enveloped by and its attached negative nickel-plate, through the electrolyte, and
‘ean be made to give, when new, even more than 14 watts per pound;
but their lives under active work would be short and have not tha 7
_ merit of being even merry. The fact that the alkaline solution of the | 1 : y
i cell does not enter into chemical combination, but remains chemically ue ers 3M
: unaltered during charge and discharge, is another advantage, Part of aie em AD u q
} { : the fall ine, m. f. of the lead cell during discharge must be attributed . . Eo i
‘ to local chemical exhaustion of the acid solution in the Pores of the aes : “ y :
plates, Although it will not be Possible to gauge the degree of " Pak ie
- charge or discharge of the new cell by means of the specific. : whe: a
~ indicator, yet the voltmeter may perhaps give sufficiently this impor- mie
: tant information. As for the change from an acid to an alkaline elec- -
ey trolyte, there is but little to be said. One can destroy carnets, clothes
: and epidermis, almost equally effectually with acid as alkali, The |. ce fake
. Ges alkali will Probably, however, have to be kept out of free communica- pe a
. tion with the air, or it will absorb atnospheric carbonic dioxide, to ia
ats own detriment, and the grief of the user.
BY
x
f
=| { SEE
WE
ee oe ie ee ee ees. i a
gravity
—
: We are glad that Mr. Edison has one
| ventive talents to electrical Problems.
j tive purposes is a crying need of the d
¢ more turned his great in-
The storage battery for trace a ee
‘ jay. We understand that this
; New cell is the result of more than half a year’s research on his part,
.
{ not including the work of his assistants, With 4 good, reliable stor-
age cell, the electric automobile can distance all the competition of
S |
ys ve : steam and gasoline for city work, The ‘noiselessness, cleanliness, | 0+. |. *
Fic. 7.—Discuarce Curve or Eptson Experimental Storace Cet.
the sides and walls of its perforated steel box. The boxes are then into the positive plate of the iron compound which carries the nega-
placed in the openings or holes in the nickel-plated steel grid, and tive pole, This current deoxidizes or reduces the pain to
closely fit the same. The assembled plate is then placed in a hydraulic spongy metallic iron and carries the oxygen through the film ae =
press, and subjected to a total pressure of about 100 tons. This pres- trolyte to the nickel compound, oxidizing it to the beatae le i
sure not only tightly closes the boxes, but it also forces their metal nickel Ni 0s, a higher oxide than the peroxide. Tn other ee 3, t e
sides over the adjacent sides of the recesses in the steel grid, thus charging current simply carries oxygen in ie Aubdeele eek
clamping the whole mass into a single solid and rigid steel plate with against the forces of chemical affinity, from t ie hagas the ni ws
the hollow “window panes” full of active material. The nickel-plating and stores the energy in the reduced iron, which is, of course, unaf-
| smoothness of rinning ai veri i
cee nee ig and convenience of the electric automobile
S H asily give it the preference to-day if it were not for the
i he 8 | weight and depreciation of the leaden storage battery, which handi-
: seaps it like a veritable old man of the se:
sailor. We sincerely hope that Mr.
Curiously enough, the substances
| are all magnetic substances,
active materials are oxides o
netizable known substances,
also a Telatively high magneti
‘a on the back of Sindbad the
Edison has thrown off the incubus,
entering into the action of the cell
The grids or plates are ‘of steel. The
f nickel and iron,
while oxygen,
the two most mag-
the active transfer has
Soy
MMOS ee Cewek
: “
aaa
| fected and passive in the presence of the potash solution. On dis-
| charge, the current passes from the positive pole through the ex-
<i ternal circuit to the negative pole, and its attached iron or positive
5 plate, and then through the solution to the negative or superoxide
“ plate. In so doing the oxygen moves back against the current and
partially reduces the nickel superoxide Ni 0; while oxidizing a
, spongy iron, ‘The energy of burning of the iron and oxygen whic
“would be developed as heat in the ordinary chemical process is now
liberated in the circuit as electrical energy. a
The cell is an oxygen-lift, Charging-pulls the oxygen away from
‘the iron and delivers it temporarily to the nickel. ‘The condition is
‘then stable, until the circuit of the cell is completed, Discharge then
‘allows the oxygen to fall back from the nickel to the iron with the
‘natural affinity of iron and oxygen. . ;
This action is very different from that which takes place in the lead
' storage cell. Here, neglecting complications, the action is usually Tee
garded for practical purposes as being represented by the equation
PLO: + 2H:SO 1+ Pb os 2Pb SOv+2H0 -+- 100 watt-hours,
where the left-hand side represents the condition of charge and the
ight-hand side the condition of discharge. Here oxygen is not sim-
; : ‘ply transferred in discharge from the peroxide to the spongy lead, but
a : the solution is changed (theoretically) from an aqucous solution of
“sulphuric acid to plain water. Of course, the discharge could not
‘practically be carried to the point of denuding the solution of all
sulphuric acid, and a surplusage of acid must be used, The equation
gives a mere theoretical outline of admittedly very complex reactions.
In other words, the specific gravity of the sulphuric acid solution falls
during the discharge, and the solution enters into the chemical com-
bination. Theoretically, for every 445 grammes of active material
on both plates, 196 grammes of sulphuric acid are required to effect
: the combination, or 44 per cent by weight of the active elements, and
in practice it is usual to allow a weight of sulphuric acid nearly equal
‘to half the weight of the elements, or about one-quarter of the total
- weight of the cell.
In the new Edison cell, on the other hand, the theoretical action of
the potash solution is merely to provide the proper channel through
which the oxygen ions may travel in one direction or the other—
positive plate to negative plate in charge, and negative plate to posi-
tive plate in discharge, Consequently, the amount of solution needs
only to be sufficient tovfulfill mechanical requirements, It is believed
that the weight of solution will in practice be only about 20 per cent
of the plate weight or about 14 per cent of the cell weight. In fact,
the cell may be worked in the same manner as the so-called primary
“dry-cells.” Morcover, if the solution should escape, or be carried
away, by gasing in charging, the only detriment seems tobe the loss
of active surface thereby occasioned, and it will only be necessary to
fill up the cells to the proper level with water from time to time, as
evaporation or gasing may lower the level, .For the same reasons the
specific gravity of the electrolyte does not appreciably vary during
charge and discharge.
The briquettes of active material slightly expand on receiving
oxygen, and slightly contract on delivering it, that is to say, the iron
: briquettes contract and the nickel briquettes expand during charge,
rae . While on discharge the iron briquettes expand and the nickel briquettes
*. contract. The level of the solution is in this way scarcely affected. The
, expansions and contractions of the briquettes appear to be well within
» the clastic limits of the spring-stecl containing boxes, and conse-
quently the electric contact is always secure. The covers or sides of
the window pockets merely approach to or recede from each other
slightly during charge and discharge. Fortunately, steel is the metal
which possesses this mechanical elasticity in a marked degree,
The action of the charging and discharging current upon the
briquettes seems to be transferred from their external surfaces in-
wards in a manner similar to the transfer of carbon and oxygen in
‘the process of making malleable cast-iron in the furnace on the prin-
i ae of cementation, No active material has been found to be ejected
} from the briquettes through the window perforations, even under the
j deliberate overcharging and discharging, Such'gas as is thereby
Hl produced makes its appearance on the external surface of the
| windows, '
: i the nickel compound had no affinity for oxygen,
was neither developed nor absorbed in the deoxidation of further
+ loxidation of that substance, then the energy would be entirely that
‘due to the energy of combination or oxygen and iron, stated to be
so that energy
‘79.7 watt-hours, and representing ane. m f., theoretically obtainable,
jot 147 volts. Tf the combination of oxygen with the nickel com-
aM battery. The property is 200 by 580 fect. On the property are sev-
pound be exothermic or energy-re! leasing, then the watt-hours’ de-
Hivered (and thé e, m. £.) will be lessened by the energy necessarily |:
paid back to break up the combination. ; rat
If, on the other hand, the combination is endothermic or cnergy-
absorbing, then the watt-hours delivered (and the e, m. £.) will be}: |
increased by the energy restored on breaking up the combination,
Since the superoxide seems not to have been known hitherto, no in-
formation concerning its energy of combination is obtainable. The ‘
ce. m. f. of the cell seems to be so near to that of the union of iron
and oxygen as to suggest that the nickel superoxide is not far from
being neutral, or that the nickel compound has but Tittle affinity for
oxygen, although the superoxide appears to be quite stable in the
cell. :
The new cell docs not seem to be appreciably influenced by changes
of temperature, and should stand a very low temperature without
detriment. The electrolyte—potash—does not attack any of the in-
gredients of the cell, nor-are any of the ingredients soluble therein.
No local action occurs in the cell so far as has yet been observed
since the e. m. f. is below that necessary to decompose water,
The cell may be fully discharged to the practical zero point of
e. m. f, without detriment. In fact, a cell has not only been com-
pletely discharged, but recharged in the reverse or wrong direction, |’
and after bringing it back to its originally charged state by proper
restoration of the direction of charging current, the storage capacity |°
remained unaffected, It would seem, therefore, that the cell should
be capable of withstanding much abuse. 2%
Diagrams are shown on screen giving the curves of discharge of
experimental cells,
Mr. Edison states that “the negative plate (nickel) either charged
or discharged, can be removed from a working cell, and dried in the
air for a week, without appreciably injuring it, and when the plate |.
is finally replaced in the cell its charge is practically undiminished.
The positive (iron) plate, if similarly removed from the cell wilt
be likewise uninjured, but it soon loses its charge by the oxidation
of the spongy iron with accompanying liberation of heat and appre-
ciable rise of temperature extending over a period of several hours,
On replacing the electrode, however, in the cell the storage capacity
is unaffected on recharge. é
As regards cost, Mr. Edison believes that after factory facilities
now in course of preparation have been completed, he willbe able
to furnish the cells at a price per kilowatt-hour not greater than the
Prevailing-price of-lead cells, *
Having now considered the action and properties of the cell, a
brief description may be giyen of the difficulties encountered in
developing it. ey :
The phenomenon of passivity has probably kept inventors from
finding this cell in the past. Mr, Edison believes that of all the very
numerous compounds of iron, and of which he has tried many hun-
dreds, the particular compound which he prepares, is perhaps ths
only one capable of being used in this way. :
Tf the dried hydrates, or oxides of iron native or artificial, are
subjected to electrolytic reducing action in any alkaline solution,
they remain inert and unaffected.
On the other hand, if finely divided iron obtained by reducing a
compound of iron under the action of a reducing agent, such as
hydrogen, or carbon monoxide is subjected to electrolytic oxida- | ‘
tion in an alkaline solution it is inert and cannot be oxidized, It
assumes the well-known passive state, 5
The same difficulty of passivity affects the use of nickel or the
negative element, Finely divided nickel, reduced from a nickel com-
pound, remains inactive when subjected to electrolytic oxygen in an
alkaline solution, The monoxide and the black-oxide or peroxide
are also inert, No oxide of nickel is active or can be made active |.
by electrolytic action, and the peroxide docs not act as a depolarizer.
| EDISON TTERY FACTORY.—At the County
« Newark, N. J., papers of incorporation of the Edison
ery Company were filed last week; capital, $r
i which is to manufacture the new lightweigh
cue ceed by Thomas A. Edison.
FAgo; Walter I, Mallory and W. E. Giln ; Y
a the incorporators. An immense plant is tee eens ee Me
> pany at.Glen Ridge, N. J. where the battery will be manufactured, pe
‘
fice,
Storage Bat-|
000,000, the purpose:
t storage battery re-l
Herman E, Dick, of Chi-
; Phar CGttener aa it ee ait : 4
WANT NO EDISON FACTORYMs, Thomas A. Edison's pec
‘chase of the Hayden mill in Glen Ridge, |, tor oon de
is : N. J., for use in manufac-!, -
turing his new storage battery, has filled
ing 1 a the Glen Ridge Park As-:
sociation with alarm, The association’s fears were embodied in a‘
; communication sent to the Borough Council last week, and the latter: ‘:
., | body, becoming frightened, voted in favor of issuing $35,000 worth of :
‘ bonds to be used in purchasing the property for park purposes, Ai.)
special election will be called at the earliest possible date to obtain: |
‘. |the approval of the voters, “About two years ago,” said the com-':”
‘-..“ jmunication to the Council, “the citizens of this place decided to form).
: -|an association known as the Glen Ridge Park Association for the!
Purpose of acquiring real estate, This was for the purpose of. pres.
serving this section of the glen. The reasons for the application to’.
the Council are especially pressing just now. Thomas A. Edison has
‘jacquired the property known as the Hayden mill, and the advent of!
ya large number of workingmen may cause the erection of a business:
structure of an objectionable character in the immediate vicinity of
the works and park, and the beautiful rural appearance of the neig!
borhood may be seriously menaced thereby.” ee =
Qugee
fattery.—An cditorial note refuting the extravagant prophe- \.
“| cies of newspapers regarding the general replacement of the horse by’,
the Edison battery for traction. Nickel, which is used for the posi- {
tive plate, is neither low in price nor available in unlimited amounts |‘
for commercial use. The present price of nickel is 50 to 60 cents per
et: ge Hi _Pound,. w! restricts the use of nickel for the treatment of steel to|.
een Ae ‘ mt , {'"igh-class work. The Edison battery seems, by its price, restricted |. :
, ye ah 20 special purposes,—Eng, News, June 6. :
SamRaatehs ae Fan
fe Spl eet ‘ ELEGTRO.CHEMICAL THEORY OF THE EDISON STORAGE BATTERY,
a Neh Se Elsewhere in this issue we print an article by Dr, E. F. Roeber, |
giving a theoretical discussion of the electro-chemical principles em- ue :
bodied in the Edison storage battery, recently described in a paper.
read before the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. The |
a article furnishes an’ excellent example of the manner in which the
~ {modern electro-chemicat theories may be applied to the consideration
| of storage batteries, and in this respect alone is of direct value in
° -view of the little attention that has been given to these theories in
es this country, and the criticism to which they nevertheless have
‘Tbeen subjected, Lack of information in full detail concerning the
Edison battery--acquaintance with which appears at present to be
confined only to those connected with Mr. Edison’s laboratory—
necessarily causes Dr. Roeber’s article to be somewhat, hypothetical
in its premises, but the coneliisions coincide with the claims made |
for the battery in at least two very important points, One of these ie
is that the concentration of the electrolyte as a whole is not changed; a
and the other, that while the concentration in the neighborhood 7
the plates is subject to change, diffusion is necessarily more rapid in
this type of battery than in the lead type.
| EDISON BATTERY FACTORY.
| County Court House, New Jersey,.records the sale of the.Hayden
| ‘estate in Bloomfield Avenue, Glen Ridge, to Thomas A, Edison, for
$19,000. The land is part of a plot on which Mr. Edison intends
}. to erect a plant for the. manufacture of his recently invented storage
Jj eral brick buildings, which are to be removed within a week or so.
‘| Ground then will be broken for the factory. Wealthy residents: of
1 Glen Ridge do not want a factory on the site and have used every
| effort to prevent Mr.
Edison from obtaining control of thé property.
ee
‘ Hi Rae
—"Oir Fheoretical Concentration Changes in the New
Edison Battery.
By E. F, Roeper, Pit.D,
N this article I intend to draw some conclusions from the mod-
I ern theory of the electrolysis of aqueous solutions regarding
1 the working of the new Edison battery, As I have had no op-
able either to confirm or to refute my results, It seems to me, how-
ever, quite legitimate and interesting to discuss the processes in the
new Edison cell from the point of view of a theory which, in the
opinion of many, gives a good description and explanation of a large
number of electro-chemical facts. / .
The following research refers not only to the Edison nickel-iron
cell, but to the general type of cell of which the new Edison cell is
a special example, This general type may be characterized as a cell
in which the chemical process during charge and discharge consists
in the transport of oxygen from one plate to the other, while the
chemical composition and the total concentration of the electrolyte
(i, ¢, the ratio of the total number of molectiles of the dissolved
electrolyte to the total number of water molecules) remain un-
changed.
I have defined the “total concentration” of the electrolyte in this
exact way, to avoid a misunderstanding. This misunderstanding
would be to assume that the electrolyte is not changed at all, From
all electro-chemical facts, however, we know that an electrolyte al-
ways undergoes concentration changes during electrolysis. If the
“total concentration,” as defined above, does not change, there are
nevertheless concentration changes in the different parts of the elec-
trolyte; either the concentration of the solution increases at the
anode and decreases at the cathode, or it decreases at the anode and
increases at the cathode. It will be shown presently that Hittorf's
theory leads to such conclusions for the Edison battery, and the nu-
merical data will be given. These changes of concentration, how-
ever, must have some influence upon the practical working of the
Edison cell. This may be concluded from the analogy with the lead
accumulator, where the concentration changes in the porous plates
are of the greatest importance for the behavior of the battery.
It may be of advantage to give a brief review of a few characteris-
tic examples of the general type of the Edison cell.
Silver-Copper Battery.—This somewhat expensive, but theoreti-
cally very interesting battery has been devised by Mr, E, W. Jungner
(German Patent 110,210, March 31, 1899; see also Centralblatt f,
Accum, 1%, Elementenkunde, April 15, 1900, and’ Elektrochemische
Zeitschrift, August, 1900). The positive plate is peroxyde of silver
in a finely divided state, the negative plate copper ina finely divided
State, the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxyde,
The discharge consists of two steps, the chemical reactions during
these two steps being represented respectively by the equations
Ay: Osa Cu= Age O+CitsO
and
Ags O + 2Cu= Ags + Cus 0
The ec, m. f, of the first step corresponds to the difference between
the formation heats of dg: O: (from Ags O and O) and Cis O (from
2Cuand 0). Thee. m. f. of the second step corresponds to the dif-
and Cu: O (from 2 Cu and 0),
Copper-Cadmium Cell.—This is an older cell of Mr. Edison, which
was described in the ELecrricat Wortp AND Enatnerr, April 6, 1901,
Nickel-lron Cell—This is the new cell of Mr. Edison, described
Ennerr, May 23, 1901). The positive plate is a “compound of
nickel” in a finely divided state, the negative plate is a “compound
+ of iron” in a finely divided state, the electrolyte is an aqueous solu-
{ tion of potassium hydroxide. If the “compound of iron” at the be-
t ginning of the discharge is expressed by Fe and the “compound of
q nickel” by NiOm-where Fe and NiO: may not represent the exact
i chemical composition, but are simply convenient signs—the chemical
| action during discharge is given by the formula
NiOs-+ Fe =NiO-+ FeO (1)
It will be seen that in all examples of this type of battery during
the discharge the positive plate is reduced from a higher state of
oxidation to a lower state of oxidation, and the negative plate is
4 oxidized from a lower state of oxidation to a higher state of oxida-
i
}
?
H
portunity of making any experiments with the cell I have been un- .
ference between the formation heats of 4g: O (from alg: and O) °
in Dr. A. E. Kennelly's Institute Paper (Enecrrican Wortp anp.
4 pg a
tion, while the chemical composition of the electrolyte is not changed.’
The electrolyte in all these batteries is an aqueous solution of potas-
sium hydroxide, or of sodium hydroxide, or, gencrally speaking, of
“any metallic hydrate ae in bi and having a metallic radicle
vhi ecomposes water” (Jungner). ,
ie Ceacalod which followed Dr. Kennelly’s paper, Mr. CJ.
Reed has pointed out the following features which make this gen-
eral type of battery extremely interesting. The capacity of the cell
is not limited by the quantity of the electrolyte. Very little electro-
lyte is therefore required in it, the electrodes can be brought near
together, and the resistance and the weight are thereby diminished,
Further, the resistance of this type of cell will tend to remain con-
stant to a far greater degree than that of the lead accumulator, In
the latter lead sulphate is formed during discharge, which is a far
poorer conductor than the oxides in the Edison cell. Finally, Mr.
Reed pointed out that with this type of cell there is a possibility to
charge it by a non-electric method, i, e., to reduce the one plate and
oxidize the other plate outside of the jar by a non-electric method,
transforming heat and chemical energ} from other sources into
electrical energy—an instrument for an indirect process of get-
ting electrical energy, possibly out of carbon, and perhaps a very
economical process.
Now, the question arises: What is the action of the electrolyte
during charge and discharge? What is the mechanism by which the
electrolyte transports oxygen from one plate to the other plate? To
discuss this question, I will assume as fundamental hypothesis the
so-called “theory of electrolytic dissociation.” According to this
theory, there is in an aqueous solution of KOH a certain number
gram ion K being charged with 96,540 coulombs of positive clec-
tricity and each univalent gram ion O H being charged with 96,540
coulombs of negative electricity; 1 gram ion means so many grams
as the equivalent weight indicates, The degree of ionization (i, ¢,
the ratio of the number of molecules K OH, split up into ions, to
the total number of molecules K OH, dissolved in the water), de-
pends upon the concentration and may be determined by Arrhenius’
method by a measurement of the electric conductivity. Only the
charged ions K and OH are active in the conduction of electricity
through the electrolyte. The water molecules and the neutral K OH
molecules which are not split up into ions, are inactive. When 96,-
§40 ampere-scconds flow through the electrolyte, 1 positive gram ion
is set free at the cathode and gives off its charge and 1 negative gram
idris set free at the anode and gives off its charge so that indeed
96,540 coulombs of positive electricity have been transported from
the anode to the cathode; or when 1 ampere-second flows through the
electrolyte, =0.0000104 positive gram ions and o.ooco104 neg-
ot
96,540
ative gram ions are set free. This is nothing else than Faraday's
law, which states that o.cooo104 gram equivalents K OH are decom-
posed by 1 ampere-second.
Tf we apply this scheme*to the new Edison battery we find that
when in discharging it gives off 296,540 ampere-seconds, two
gram fons O H become free at the Fe plate and two gram ions K
at the NiO; plate, The chemical reactions at each plate may then
be represented by the following formulas:
Fe+20H=FeO+H,0
(2)
Ni0:+2K+Hi:O=Ni0+2KOH (3)
The summation of these two formulas gives, of course, again equa-
tion (1), but these two formulas show more than equation (1). It
will be seen from (2) and (3) that in the dischrage of 2X 96,540
ampere-seconds the chemical reactions at the electrodes cause the
formation of one molecule of water at the Fe plate, and the con-
sumption of one molecule of water at the Ni Os plate, so that the
solution at the Fe plate thereby becomes less concentrated, and that
at the NiO; plate more concentrated, A
For the chemical reactions (2) and (3) we assumed that 2 ions
O H and 2 ions K are svt free at the iron and nickel plate, respec-
tively. How did they come there? The theory assumes that they
have come there by migration, that ail positive K ions have migrated
with a certain speed in the direction of the current, and all O H ions
with a certain speed in the opposite direction. The question of the
relative speeds of the two kinds of ions was first discussed by
Hittorf. Let us assume we have at the beginning of the electrolysis
m ions K and m ions O H in the solution. To get a convenient me-
and
»?
2
DIT BY
v4
Pe)
22) 2D
S
/
. Paes Sass: Mary
it might be supposed that the mieasurements of specific gravity have
been made in the liquid in the middle Part of the cell between the
two plates, .
From the point of view of our theory there appear to be reasons
why the diffusion shotld act more quickly in the Edison battery than
in the lead accumulator, The diffusion is the greater, the greater the
differences of concentration and the nearer the places of different con-
centration, In the lead accumulator the solution in the middle part
of the cell, while not altered by the immediate action of the current,
diffuses to both sides, as at both sides the concentration has de-
creased, In the Edison cell there is practically no middle part of the
cell, and the places of the concentration differences in the pores of the
two plates are very near together, so that diffusion brings the solution
from the pores of the nickel plate, where the concentration increases
to the pores of the iron plate, where the concentration decreases,
There is another, apparently very important point. We know that
the form of the charge and discharge curves of the lead storage bat-
tery, and the whole question of the “reversibility” of its action, are
intimately connected with the concentration changes in the pores of
the two plates (sec the book quoted above by Dr, Dolezalel, Chapters
VUI, and IX.). The question naturally arises: Are the concentra-
tion changes which must occur in the Edison battery according to
the theory given in this article of an analogous importance for the
working of the Edison cell? But it scems to me premature to at-
tempt an answer to this question as long as experimental data are
lacking regarding the influence of the concentration of the solution
upon the em. f. of the cell and especially upon the em. f.’s at both
terminals separately.
By E. C, Rozerrs,
HE interest excited by the demonstration before the American
T Institute of Electrical Engineers, at its recent Conversazione,
of the mercury lamp of Mr. Peter Cooper Hewitt, has made
it seem worth while to call attention to another research carried out
along similar lines by L. Arons, in Berlin, In Wiedemann’s Annalen'
he published a description of what
he called a mereury are light (das
Quicksilber Lichtbogen). He
says of it, “While studying gas-
vous conduction I discovered an
extraordinarily good arrangement
for maintaining an are between
mercury electrodes for long peri-
ods and without any of the usual
troubles incident to such cases.”
The apparatus usually took the
form shown in the drawing. Here
the short leg of an L-shaped
tube is sealed off, and provided
with an electrode. The other end
of the tube is. open, and is con-
nected to a mercury reservoir by a
rubber tube. The tube is exhausted
to a vacuum corresponding to a
pressure of 1 or 2 mm. of mercury.
When in use the electrodes are
connected through a controlling
resistance to a, source capable of
maintaining a difference of poten-
tial of about 100 volts. In starting the are, the mercury is raised in
the tube by means of the reservoir till it flows over into the short leg.
It is then immediately lowered. As soon as the mercury breaks at
the top, a brilliant discharge passes from one electrode to the other.
Its color is a greenish white, In two later papers* he gives‘the fol-
lowing results: ,
1, At currents between § and 9 amperes the voltage drop is prin-
cipally dependent on the length of the tube. Experiment showed that
the drop per cm. was approximately .6 volt for a current of 6.5 am-
peres, The electrode loss is 8 volts at the anode and 6 volts at the
cathode.
2. The specific conductivity of the vapor is 6x 10, which is &
1 [Vied. Ann., 1892, page 767. (
3 Wied, Ann., 1895, page 625,
Tolump
DIAGRAM OF MERCURY ARC
APPARATUS.
ne Aaa shee!
times as great as that
acid.
3. The temperature of the discharge was great enough to melt thin
platinum wire at the center of the tube, The average temperature
was 470 degs. C. above that of the room, while computation based
on Warburg's experiments’ showed that at the center, with a cur-
rent of 6.5 amperes, the temperature should reach 4600 degs. C.
Oo
Storage Battery Patents,
Among the patents of June 4 are three issued to W. J. Buckley
on novel forms of storage batteries, One of these is a high-ten-
sion battery—that is, one in which the e m. f. of each pair of
plates is added to that of its neighbor, a number of pairs being con-
tained in a receptacle commen to all the clements, The receptacle is
divided into compartments by liquid-tight metallic partitions; on
one side of a partition and in metallic connection therewith is a
positive plate and on the other side a negative plate. These plates
do not quite extend to the bottom of the teceptacle, so that the
electrolyte in’ a single compartment is in communication with the
two partitions of that compartment and the two sides of both plates
therein, Another patent describes a battery formed of a number of
similar plates, separated by a continuous metal band around the
edges of cach pajr. Any flat plate or grid may be used having a solid
metal core or otherwise made liquid tight, should the various ele-
ments be included in a serial circuit, When, however, the battery
$s are intended to be placed in a cell having an electrolyte com-
"to all the plates, as when in parallel circuit, then the liquid-
_ quality of the plates is not essential. In the space formed be-
tween plates by the separating metal band is placed powdered or gran-
war carbon, such as wood charcoal. The inventor states he has found
that the charcoal used as a separator has the quality of absorbing
Gases to a high degree. The gas is readily absorbed as fast as
evolved, and while the charcoal is to some extent an electrical con-
ductor, and while it is also true that there is a natural electrical po-
tential difference between the carbon and the metallic electrodes,
which difference may produce a slight local action in the cell, yet he
States that the benefit derived from the tse of charcoal over-balances
this objection, .
A third Buckley patent describes a battery formed of super-
posed trays separated by -an insulating materint in the form of a
grid. Small notches are cut in the tops of the grid cross bars to
ive passage to the electrolyte, The grid compartments are filled
with coke and oxide of lead. A number of such tray elements are
nested to form a cell. The lower tray rests in a wood support the
shape of the bottom of the tray, and a similar one, but convex, fits
into the upper tray, the two being bolted together. A patent issued
on the same date to G. W. Hough, describes a battery consisting of
plates of semi-circular form, with pockets formed by cross ribs for the
active material, which is filled’in flush with the tops of the ribs.
The plates are sct up in a horizontal position, the negatives
forming one half-cylindrical pile, and the positives another similar
pile, the whole forming approximately a cylinder, with the two piles
electrically separated, Conducting lugs are cast to the edges of each
pile,
A patent issued on the same date to C. L. R. E, Menges, The
Hague, Holland, describes a+ storage battery of cellular con-
struction, in cach compartment of which are plates of only one
polarity. In its simplest form, the receptacle consists of a number
of chambers separated by non-conducting permeable partitions, In
one chamber there are two positives, one in contact with each parti-
tion, and in cach of the adjacent chamber two negatives in con-
tact with the respective partitions, and so on. Ina practical cell the
non-condticting permeable partitions may consist of a supporting
‘piece of insulating material with perforations and channels: covered
by a porous non-conducting substance, and ‘with active material on
both sides. In a patent issued June 11 to V. G. Apple a “two-cell
integral unit” battery is described. A lead or alloy case or box is
divided in the center by a partition of similar material, thus forming
two compartments. The interior surfaces of each compartment is
provided with indentations for containing active material, space for
‘the electrolyte being left after the active material is applied. Each
of such cells we give four volts, A patent granted June 18 to Wilson
H, Abbey and Jacob Altmos describes an element formed of a corru-
* Wied, Anu., Vol. 58, page 77, and Vol. 62, page 569. °
rete
The Edison Storage Battery,
_ We reproduce below from th
Vsb¥ Ph
e June issue of our Engli ‘ Sea
Porary, The Electro-Chemist and Metallurgist bud falar
Mate wala appears to be the full specifications of an English pats,
a ly ae to Edison, and relating to the type of cell which.»
ts he sul ject ofa Paper recently read by Mr. A. E, Kennelly| ~
etore the American Institute of Electrical Engineers,
In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a face view of one of the plates for
Supporting the elements, having pockets or receptacles, and show-
ing the front wall partly broken away; Fig. 2 is a section on the line
2~2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a plan showing two of the plates forming a
Single combination, and Fig. 4 is an enlarged detailed section,
Each Plate is formed with two walls 1 and 2 of very. thin sheet
nickel. (say, about 125 mm. in thickness) bent around a horizontal
‘frame 3, from which extends the vertical spacing frames 4, 4, to all
of which frames the sheet is secured by nickel rivets to form a strong,
rigid, hollow plate with pockets or receptacles between the vertical ;
frames 4, 4. The walls 1 and 2 of the plates are perforated with |
small holes arranged very close together and about 75 mm, apart.”
These holes may be punched in the plates as shown, but they are
preferably formed by merely stretching the metal without removing
it, forming burrs projecting inwardly from each hole, thereby
: greatly increasing the area for contact between the metal and the
be ak ; active material, Nickel is preferably used in the construction of the
—- Ae plates, as it is not electrically oxidizable in an alkaline solution, but
iron may be employed if carefully and perfectly plated with nickel,
or the frames 3 and 4, instead of being made of nickel or of nickel-
[very dificult, partly by reason of the fact that the thickness iF sO-
: {lution layer is reduced to a mere film in which diffusion and con
ee york of ionic concentration, and partly
' vection rapidly undo the w : ;
Sherpani ‘ jal concentration differences would necessarily oc-
} because superfic pe
\ i nati ned, even if the ions
{ cur by the electro-chemical combinations formed,
| did not move past one another, In other words, concentration dif-
4 .
: ft “! 1d if
| ferences at the surfaces o the electrodes would occur even i ni
place, since the liberation of potassium at the
while the
an 9 eR tt iy Vee Re ee
bagi we on vere eu apisae increases the bulk, and, electrode for the purpose which has
mixed with graphite, produces considerable pressure on the nickel oxide nor cobalt oxide is iably ej ine ;
walls of the plate, thereby preventing any disturbance of the initial electrolyte. Roth give esis the pagers oe ace
State of the mass, fiven when internal gas is strongly generated by preferable on account of its cheapness. I thueeiore fe nee je
overcharging. The object in using the monosulphide is to secure precipitate the hydrated oxide of the metal sty, nickel which, ue
the greatest amoiint of iron oxide in the smallest space and in the is slowly dried at ordi temperatures, being then seine dai 4
Peculiar form cApable of being’ reduced to the metallic state clec- passed through a en having about a micshes Hee ure ill
trolytically.. Dfied oxides of iron are not reducible to any extent meter, Seven pris by weight of the powdered findrate are ieed
by the current; spongy iron reduced by hydrogen from different with three parts by weight of flake grephite, and inoistened with
iron salts is pxidizable only to a slight extent by the current; iron small quantity of water, the dampened mass being inserted in the
hydrates arg, very bulky and difficult of use without drying, which pockets or receptacles of the proper plates in small quantities at a
operation {fects some obscure change therein to render them nearly time, and being thoroughly tamped at each accession, Finally the
inert in the Presence of a reducing current; and bulky ferric hydrox- mass is covered with a Jayer of asbestos held in place by a plate of
ide-is capable only of slight reduction, In fact, the only oxide of — nickel secured in position hy nickel wires, a ;
heretofore been applied, Neither:
; jonic migration took
abel ou aes tends to form more potash at that surface, ;
' tiberation of hydroxyl at the iron surface tends to decompose ap
“Tat that surface, the combined action being a tendency to increase the
| concentration at the nickel and diminish it at the iron.
The reliability of Hittorf’s theory is, however, already established
upon general electrolytic experience, and is readily rendered ap- $ described in explains
Edison at Buffalo.
‘Those who are interested in the elec-
rien) display at the Buffalo Bxposition
Pol 594A
Sage FF
} parent in thick layers of electrolyte not subjected to the ee
of secondary electro-chemical compounds at the clectrades. It wou
seem, for example, that the concentration differences that
manifest themselves round copper electrodes in copper sul-
phate solution; or those which occur around zinc electrodes in
i zine sulphate solution, can only be accounted for on Hittorf’s hy-
{ pothesis of a difference between the speed at which the anions and
} cations run past one another, and the deductions from that theory
a number of chemical supporting theories. In the case of the lead
| storage cell difference of concentration at the electrodes due to dif-_
| ferences in speed of ionic migration are completely masked by the
changes in concentration due to:the absorption of hydric sulphate
; from the solution owing to electro-chemical decomposition. The
| change in density of the electrolyte, as a whole, makes it difficult
i to determine variations of density in different parts. Moreover, the
variations of density duc to electro-chemical decomposition and com-
| bination are large by comparison with the changes duc to migration.
have not only led to fresh discoveries, but are also supplemented by
'\ {strip of sheet nickel 7 secured in place by nickel wires 8, The cle-
. ment thus formed is subjected to electrolytic oxidation in a solution
plated tron, may be made of hard rubber or other inert material, to
which the perforated shect is riveted. A.number of. insulated anaes
ing blocks 5, 5 are secured to the plates to prevent them from touch-
ing when immersed: ~ a
In the manufacture of the new oxidizable element, monosulphide
of iron is first preferably taken and crushed so that the particles will
Pass through a screen having about 6.4 openings per square milli-
meter, and about eight parts by weight thereof are mixed with about
two parts by weight of flake graphite, the particles of which are
somewhat larger than the perforations in the plates, This mixture
1s moistened with a 20 per cent solution of potassic hydroxide, and
the dampened mass is packed into the pockets or receptacles of the
Proper plates by a suitable tamping tool, after which a wad of as-
bestos fibre 6, about 6 millimeters in thickness, is introduced into
the pocket or receptacle above the mass, being held in position by a |
lof potassic liydroxide, sulphur being set free and combining with
the alkali to form a potassium salt, which diffuses out of the mass,
land the iron being converted to an hydroxide thereof. The diffusion
jof the alkaline sulphur compound is facilitated by alternately re-
versing the oxidizing current to subject the contents of the plate to
successive oxidation and reduction until the whole of the sulphur
‘fis eliminated. The element will then be ready for use when the
or when monohydrate is produced by boiling ordinary ferric hydrate
iron capable of reduction Appears to be that produced as explained ing the make-up of the oxidizable clement. These plates are then
immersed in a solution of potassic hydroxide in water, and sub-
jected for a considerable time to an oxidizing current of about 8
milliamperes per square centimeter of surface, thereby converting
the first oxide to a higher oxide, whereupon the clement is ready for
use. The object of employing graphite is to offer a great extent
of surface against which nearly the whole of the oxide is in contact,
this being necessary since the electrolytic reduction and oxidation
do not extend toa great distance from the conducting surface against
which the oxide is in contact, although the higher oxides of nickel
and cobalt seem to be conductors, Graphite is neither affected by
electrolytic oxidization, nor is there local action between it and the ;
oxides, Nickel hydrates instead of other nickel compounds are pref-
erably used because they are casily prepared, and by absorption of the
liquid they swell within the pockets to insure intimate contact and
stability, while they are not reduced to the metallic state elec-
trolytically.
The elements are preferably utilized together in a solution of 25
per cent of potassic hydroxide in water. Owing to obscure reac
tions when the battery is discharged, and to a change of resistance
in the electrodes, the voltage of the improved cell is invariable, but
averages 1 volt, rising as high as 1.38 volts when freshly charged.
The battery can be over-charged, fully discharged, or even reversed
and charged in the opposite direction without injury. Over-gassing
does not disturb the initial state of the clements, All the ingre-
will be pleagéd to learn that arrangements
have been perfected with Mr. Edison for
the exhibition of his two most recent
iron has been reduced to the metallic state, Since iron does not
{decompose water, there is no local action between it and the graph- dients are insoluble, The plates are unattacked by electrolytic oxi-
hitched Tees oe atte a ate eh SE MC SFAPA~
dation, and the whole operation is independent of the strength of
the solution; so that the battery is of great permanence and of re~
markably light weight,
d very! valuable inventions—the new | cell is, therefore, that while variations of concentration tend to oce
rm : cur at the electrode surfaces during charge and discharge, yet owing
tery and the thermophile. ick
ren ae machines can be made | * ; to the thinness of the solution layer these variations can readily
ready they will be installed in the Blec- "| cancel and annul each other by diffusion, leaving the solution, as a
tricity Building, where all who cesire may whole, in a constant condition with respect to mass, volume, density
see and examine them. and chemical composition. The only ultimate changes in fact which
; transpire during the cyclic operation of the cell are changes in the
' oxygen contents of the active substances on the electrodes. This
|
j
i
.
| The great point of simplicty in the operation of the new Edison
'
i
i
\
A German translation of this patent is also contained in the Cen-
tralblatt fucr Accumulatoren und Elementen-Kunde, June 15, to
which the editor of that journal adds the following critical note:
“The patent in its essential parts combines only known elements.
Higher nickel oxydes have been used by Michalowski for the posi-
tive plates, and iron was long ago proposed for the negative plates,
Only the constructive details and the formation are new.”
References are made to patents of Michalowski and of the Ac- .
cumulatorwerke System Pollak. Michalowski (German patent, ;
April 19, 1899) patents the use of peroxide of nickel NixOs as posi-
tive plate in an alkaline cell with zinc as negative plate. He forms
the nickel plates as follows: He heats a metallic nickel plate in pure
oxygen or in gases containing oxygen, to a temperature above 300
degs. C., below the red heat temperature; the oxydizing action is
accelerated by applying a high pressure to the gases. Not only the
for many hours in water; but in the latter case the increased bulk ordinary oxygen, however, but also nascent oxygen causes a good
prevents the introduction of as much iron into the pockets as with oxydation of nickel at a temperature above 300 degs, As the oxyda-
the hydroxide obtained by the oxidation of the monosulphide. By tion does not enter deeply below the surface, the unattacked metal
forming the oxide in the first instance, as explained, from the mono- remains as a support of the active mags and guarantees good con-
sulphide, the oxide is secured in very compact form and capable ductivity and good adhesion. Nascent oxygen is obtained by eat:
of being perfectly reducible by the current. Furthermore, finely ing with oxydizing reagents, which give off their oxygen between
divided iron obtained as described, when subjected to electrolytic 300 and Goo degs., such as nitrates, chlorates and others, Ammons
oxidation, docs not form a soluble ferrate. The improved oxidiz- ium nitrate is especially ndapted, because this salt does es pon ie
ing element is therefore absolutely permanent, so that the electrolyte residue after the heating. Porous nickel is impregnated wi
simplicity is not attained in other storage batteries and is not ap-
proached in any voltaic cell, since in all cases the solution is chem--
ically altered by the action and discharge of the cell.
It is this simplicity of ultimate action which makes the Edison
: storage cell a special type of voltatc apparatus, and which also sup-
TIONS, ports-the hope of our reaching a chemically regenerative cell of this
We published on page t10g of last week's issuc, an interesting type, the transfer of oxygen in charging being then effected by some
* paper by Dr, Rocber on the application of Hittorf’s theory of ionic purely thermo-chemical process. The efficiency, of this imaginary
velocities to the phenomena appearing in the new Edison storage process of furnace charging would not be subject to the thermo-
cell. It is there shown that although the density of the solution dynamic temperature limitations of heat engines, could probably be
as a whole remains unchanged during charge and discharge, yct brought to a relatively high value, and might enable electrical energy
that differences in concentration tend to form in the electrolyte at to be obtained from coal. As regards the changes in the e. m. f |
“+ the electrode stirfaces and that stich differences are at least partly «which make their appearance in the Edison cell at a certain stage of {
"! due to differences in ionic velocity. While the deductions from Hit- discharge, it seems likely that such change is associated with a is not changed at any stage of the working, fused salt and heated cautiously; after this treatment has been ie |
_ torf's theory are correctly stated, yet the corroboration of that theory change in the chemical conditions of the active materials, rather than As to the improved oxygen storing element, the inventor has dis- peated several times all pores of the nickel are bu Sania lies
by observations of the phenomena in the new Edison cell is rendered with changes in concentration density of the electrolyte. covered that the lower oxides of nickel and cobalt, when in ‘contact solid oxide, It is also possible to oxydize nickel wi > |
|
i
5
ce i
FIGS, I, 2, 3 AND 4.—EDISON STORAGE BATTERY.
: : eee et eee ae. haiins, : ‘ A : ‘che i ‘te, containin
sore Sea open geereeenenione 3 : : aa bd inate Be ; : allie Seger dae ee with a conductor in an alkaline solution, can be almost wholly raised gen by using the nickel as an near ee Sad fain
: . : ; Pg Niche ye ee ‘@ toa higher stage of oxidation electrolytically, which higher oxides oxygen, eee and 600 degs. This also g Hq
revert to the lower stage by reduction with extreme case, and he has _ pact cover of oxide. ; ha 3 ative, which
therefore constructed an oxygen storing clement which is capable of Accumulator plates of iron, pay see we a sin made |
great capacity, of less weight, and of higher permanency than any are claimed to be very solid and to have a high capacity, ;
* =. het
" CONGENTRATION CHANGES IN STORAGE BATTE
We published on page 1105 of last week’s issuc, an interesting
« paper by Dr. Rocber on the application of Hittorf’s theory of ionic
velocities to the phenomena appearing in the new Edison storage
cell. It is there shown that although the density of the solution
as a whole remains unchanged ‘during charge and discharge, yet
that differences in concentration tend to form in the electrolyte at
*! the electrode surfaces and that such differences are at Icast partly
“! due to differences in ionic velocity, While the deductions from Hit-
torf’s theory are correctly stated, yet the corroboration of that theory
; by observations of the phenomena in the new Edison cell is rendered
Edison at Buffalo.
"hose who are interested in the elee-
ital display at the Buffnlo Exposition
‘will be pleaséd to learn that arrangements
have been perfected with Mr. Edison for
the exhibition of his two most alti
and very’ valuable inventions—tho new
storage battery and the thermophile.
As soon as these machines can be ted
ready they will be installed in the 0) ee:
tricity Building, where all who cesire may
-see and examine them.
wake mheeees 6 Fs biggie ernie -
a Cyery difficult, partly by reason of
~} Jution layer is reduced to a mere
t vection rapidly undo the work
! because superficial concentration diffe
cur by the electro-chemical combinations
did not move past one another,
| ferences at the surfaces of th
ionic migrati
nickel surface tends to form more potash at that s
liberation of hydroxy! at the ir
“} at that sw ion being :
| i at the iron.
‘ concentration at the nickel and diminish it
upon gener
parent in thick layers of electrolyte
of secondary electro-chemical compou
seem, for example,
manifest themselves
phate solution; or those which occ! ; aaa
zine sulphate solution, can only be accounted for o
pothesis of a difference between the speed at whieh the ae
cations run past one another, and the deductions pee eh
have not only led to fresh discoveries, but are also supp! ee i
a number of chemical supporting theories. In the case i aie
storage cell difference of concentration at teat E —
e! in speed of ionic migration are co: :
ace in aecittton due to-the absorption of hydric igre
from the solution owing to electro-chemical ee eae
change in density of the electrolyte, as a whole, makes it ie
to determine variations of density in different parts. ceauane " :
variations of density due to electro-chemical decomposition an com
bination are large by comparison with the changes due to migration.
RY SOLUTIONS,
the fact that the thickness of so-
film in which diffusion and con-
of ionic concentration, and partly
1 differences would necessarily oc-
formed, even if the ions
In other words, concentration dif-
en if no
ec electrodes would occur ev
i i i f potassium at the
ince the Jiberation o' ,
aenrepats surface, while the
on surface tends to decompose potash
ombined action being a tendency to increase the
rface, the combined action being a tendency to incr
’
The reliability of Hittorf’s theory is, however, already established
‘ | ‘ap
al electrolytic experience, and is readily rendered ap
: not subjected to the formation
nds at the electrodes. It would
that the concentration differences that
round copper electrodes in copper sul-
ur around zinc electrodes in
The great point of simplicty in the operation of the new Edison
cell is, therefore, that while variations of concentration tend to Oe
cur at the electrode surfaces during charge and discharge, yet owing
to the thinness of the solution layer these variations can readily
cancel and annul each other by diffusion, leaving the solution, as a
whole, in a constant condition with respect to mass, volume, density
and chemical composition. The only ultimate changes in fact which
transpire during the cyclic operation of the cell are changes in the
oxygen contents of the active substances on the aati This
simplicity is not attained in other storage batteries and 1s: not ap-
| proached in any voltaic cell, since in all cases the solution is chem--
ically altered by the action and discharge of the cell.
with changes in concentration density of the electrolyte.
The Edison ‘Storage Battery.
_ We reproduce below. from
porary, The Electro-Chemist
view, what appears to be the
ent recently granted to Edison,
formed the subject of a paper
before the American Institute
the June issue of our English conte,
ad Metallurgist bnd Metatlurgical Re,
full specifications of an English pat:
and relating to the type of cell which,
recently read by Mr, A. E, Kennelly| ”
of Electrical Engineers,
“In the drawings, Fig,
supporting the elements,
ing the front wall partly
2—2 of Fig, 1; Fig. 3 is
single combination, and
Each plate is formed with
nickel, (say, about
‘frame 3, from whi
of which frames th
rigid, hollow plate
I is a face view of one of the plates for
having pockets or receptacles, and show-
broken away; Fig, 2 is a section on the Hine
i two of the plates forming a
4 is an enlarged detailed section,
i two walls 1 and 2 of very. thin sheet
+125 mm. in thickness) bent around a horizontal
ich extends the vertical spacing frames 4, 4, to all
¢ sheet is secured by nickel rivets to form a strong,
with pockets or receptacles between th
Ils 1 and 2 of the plates are perforated with
very close together and about 75 mm, apart.”
punched in the plates as shown, but they are
merely stretching the metal without removing
rojecting inwardly from each hole, thereby
€ area for contact between the metal and the
referably used in the construction of the
ly oxidizable in an alkaline solution, but
‘arefully and perfectly plated with nickel,
instead of being made of nickel or of nickel-
er or other inert material, to
iveted. A-number of insulated spac-
he plates to prevent them from touch-
a plan showin,
small holes arranged
These holes may be
Preferably formed by
it, forming burrs p
greatly increasing th
active material,
plates, as it is not electrical!
iron may be employed if ¢:
or the frames 3 and 4
may be made of hard rubb
which the perforated sheet is r
ing blocks 5, 5 are secured to th
ing when immersed, ~
In the manufacture of:
of iron is first preferably
Pass through a sereen hy;
meter, and about cight parts
two parts by weight of flak
somewhat larger than the pel
is moistened with a 20 per cent solution
the dampened mass is Packed into the po
Proper plates by a suitable tamping tool,
bestos fibre 6, about 6 millimeters in thi
the new oxidizable clement, monosulphide
taken and crushed so that the particles will
§ about 6.4 openings per square milli-
y weight thereof are mixed with about
¢ graphite, the particles of which are
tforations in the plates. This mixture |
of potassic hydroxide, and
ckets or receptacles of the
after which a wad of as-
ickness, is introduced into
ic oxidation in a solution
sulphur being set free and combining with
which diffuses out of the mass,
ydroxide thereof, The diffusion
cilitated by alternately re-
ject the contents of the plate to
until the whole of the sulphur
en be ready for use when the
Since iron does not
there is no local. action between it and the graph-
lof the alkaline sulphur comp
versing the oxidizing current to sub:
successive oxidation and reduction
“fis eliminated. The element will th
iron has been reduced to the metal
lecompose water,
,etatadrcea otha boca
It is this simplicity of ultimate action which makes the Edison
storage cell a special type of voltaic apparatus, and which also sup-
ports the hope of our reaching a chemically regencrative cell of this
type, the transfer of oxygen in charging being then effected by some,
purely thermo-chemical process. The efficiency, of this imaginary
process of furnace charging would not be subject to the thermo-
dynamic temperature limitations of heat engines, could probably be
brought to a relatively high value, and might enable electrical energy
to be obtained from coal. As regards the changes in the cm. f.
‘which make their appearance in the Edison cell at a certain stage of
discharge, it seems likely that such change is associated with a
change in the chemical conditions of the active materials, rather than
Pi a eee ae ee a
by the Accumulatorenwerke System Pollak, according to a German
patent of Aug, 17, 1898. Iron powder or compounds of oxygen with
iron are compressed while wet, and are then heated, so that they
come into a porous but solid state, The electrodes are then formed
electrolytically, in an alkaline solution, for instance, NaOH. The
iron powder or the oxygen compounds of iron are generally mois-
tened with nitric acid or another oxidizing agent, and are afterward
compressed. The oxydizing agent is then removed by heating to a
ted heat, or in any other manner, As electrolyte with electrodes of
this kind, such solutions’ can be used which cither form insoluble
compounds or none at all, with the electrodes as, for instance, alka-
lines, bichromate of Potassium, phosphoric acid, ete,
From these patents it is evident that the “passive state” had not
kept inventors from using nickel oxyde and iron plates in batteries,
as had been claimed, On the other hand, the cell, described above,
of Michalowski, is not of the type of the new Edison battery.
Michalowski uses zinc as negative electrode, and zinc dissolves,
The Michalowski cell is therefore of the type of the old Edison-Le-
dJande cell, Furthermore, Michalowski speaks of Ni.Os plates, while
Dr. Kennelly, in his Paper on the new Edison cell, expressly states
that the charged nickel plate in the Edison cell is nickel hyperoxide
NiO,, a higher oxide than the peroxide,
ee
Interuban Trolleys in Indiana,
pea Ds ‘
There are now 200 miles of interurban electric road out of Indi-
‘anapolis, connecting with the principal cities of the Indiana gas belt,
and there are in round numbers 1000 miles Projected at present for
Indiana, The interurban roads afford an hour schedule for pas-
Sengers, and less frequent freight hauls into the city, and are heavily
patronized by the farmers along the line and the residents of the
towns and cities which they connect. That they are successful in
their efforts to get business is evidenced in the efforts of the rail-
‘roads, whose tracks are now paralleled by the electric lines, Where
there are parallel lines the railway companies have cut the local
rates and have put a better train service into operation. Some ob-
Servers believe that the solution of the difficulty can only be by the
‘death or absorption of the interurban lines, or the abandonment by
the railways of their local business. At present there scems to be
hardly enough business for both. There are those who hold that
the railroads will absorb the electric lines, but there is no tendency
‘observable in the present situation that will justify such a conten-
tion. Both sides are Preparing to fight, and of the contest, in its
initial stages, no accurate forecast of the outcome can be made,
A likely development is a combination of the major part of the in-
terurban lines in the hands of a single syndicate, The Elkins-Widener
People have lately acquired the Union Traction Company’s tines,
‘which are the most extensive in the central part of the State. They
also contro! the Indianapolis Street Railway Company and the Cin-
‘cinnati street lines. Out of Cincinnati they control a line going
north into Indiana, Lately they are reported to have acquired the °
Indianapolis and Greenfield line. There is at present a line pro-
jected from Greenfield to Dayton, Ohio, which will complete the
chain from Indianapolis to Dayton, and lines which will ultimately
connect Chicago and Cincinnati by way of Indianapolis are talked of,
It is believed that before many years the Union Traction Company
will absorb most ef these traction companies, and that there will be
2 unified system connecting Indiana, Ohio, and Iilinois,
The last Indiana Legislature made it possible for this outburst of
traction building to occur by giving the traction companies the same
tight of eminent domain, allowing them to condemn land, as the
Tailroads. In this way companies which have been unable to get
tights of way over the highways are now getting private rights of
way. The road between Indianapolis and Logansport, which has
been retarded for two years for this reason, is one that shows the
utility of the last Legislature. The Indianapolis News publishes a
map showing the present and projected trolley lines in the vicinity
of that city. They are so numerous as to present the appearance
of a spider’s web, with Indianapolis as the central point. The News
says: “That the railroads feel that they are to be confronted by a
powerful rival is apparent from the effort the Big Four, the I, & V.,
and the J. &-M. & I. companies are already making to meet compe-
tition. It is believed by many that the railroads will eventually be
forced into buying up the electric lines in order to save themselves,
as it is not thought they can continue the competition for long when
the odds in operating expenses are so heavily against them. It is
" even now rumored that some of the steam roads are interested in the
franchises that are being obtained for Tar wa
ste that will parallel
Data on New York Con
4
Justice Earl, of the Court of Appeals, sit
hearing last week in the fight that.is being
Pporations in this city against the constituti
Tax law. The case of the Consolidated Teleg
way Company, of New York, was heard, Willi
tem,
‘eferee, gave a
‘ny large cor-
he Franchise
ctrical Sub.
N \, Secretary
and treasurer, testified that the original capita fcern war
$3,000,000, of which amount $732,000 has been ¢ ‘T patents
and property acquired by the proceeds of the sal ‘he mar.
ket value of which, at the Present timt, he decta * $3 per
share, There are outstanding $4,225,000 if bo. 000 in
stock and $545,405 in unpaid coupons of the com} owns
142 miles of subway, of which only part is earnin, The
State Board of Tax Commissioners has assessed the\
‘op.
erty at $5,000,000, but the company appealed to the & oe
asking that the amount be teduced to $1,000,000, ant rec
itself in default on its bonded indebtedness to the exte cog
in interest. Last year the company’s operating expense, f
said, fell $12,000 short of the earnings.
Since 1898, he said, there has been only one sale of th
bonds, which were then purchased by the New York Gas
Light & Power Company, The company's stock, he said,
the par value of $100. The balance sheet of the company
would show a deficit of about $48,000 for 1900, ‘
Edwin R. Quinby, the engineer of construction of the subw
pany, testified to the cheaper methods of construction that a
sible to-day, chiefly through: the substitution of vitrified clay ft
in the manufacture of ducts. While the original cost of con
tion was about $2,000,000, the company having been compelle
the city to lay many conduits from which it received no income w
ever, the system could be reproduced now, he believed, for about
$890,000,
——_.—__.___
Wisconsin Independent Tetephone Meeting.
At La Crosse, Wis. last week the Wisconsin independent tele-
phone companies had a meeting, there being delegates present from
26 companies in the State. The meeting was held in the city, council
chamber, when Mayor Boschert welcomed President Hutchinson
and his associates, and the president made an interesting address,
Mr. R. S. Abbott read a paper on telephone conditions in Michi-
gan and Wisconsin, During the afternoon a visit was paid to the
new La Crosse telephone exchange.
At the second day’s session a hot disctission relative to the rela-
tions with the Bell company occurred, The matter came up on a mo-
tion to exclude all members who are in any way affiliated with the ,
Bell people. The discussion showed a unanimity of determination
to fight to the bitter end, A resolution was passed that all com-
panies having any business relations with the Bell company be disci-
plined. A resolution was also passed that a committee of grievances
be appointed to thoroughly investigate all cases where independent
companics arc, or are suspected of affiliating with the Wisconsin
(Bell) Telephone Company, 3 etn
A resolution to establish uniform toll charges all over the State
was passed unanimously. A committee was appointed to take charge
of the matter, and it is thought probable that a big reduction of toll
rates will be made in the committee's report. ‘
Mr. Burch, of Madison, read an interesting paper on the main: |
tainance of the best telephone service and many important idea :
were brought before the convention in this way. The convention :
adjourned at nooi, to meet again next February in pee
They expressed themselves as highly pleased with the reception an i
entertainment they had received in this city.
t
° i
Tunnel Under the Narrows.
i |
Tunneling the Narrows of New York Harbor for an|
electric road is now proposed. The. New Jersey & ow eam|
Junction Railroad Company, which was first proposed by oe al
Wiman, and which increased its capital stock to $10,000,000 asl
January, has begun active work. The purpose of the pee is a
run a double steel tube tunnel under the Narrows, build 14) os les |
railroad on Staten Island, and connect with several trunk te Ht
New Jersey across the Kill Von Kull bridge. The estimated co
of the tunnel is $3,500,000. :
TI REA ers. oe /
Sa eas Te aT fink het
7a
2?
!
~
i
=
~
ial
2.) JD
2
K
t
“
dy
"
substance. Possibly there is only a single
primary radiation, the rest being second-
ary effects, as the cathode Tays generate
the X-rays and these in turn gencrate
their complex secondary radiations,
‘The chemical nature of the radio-active
substances or elements is still little under-
stood, nor is it surprising when one con-
siders the difliculty of working with sub-
stances occurring in such minute quanti-
ties as these, Only one new element,
radium, is definitely established. Hof-
mann and Strauss thought they had
isolated another new radio-active element,
but while still claiming the new element,
they now admit that it is not radio-active,
The question of the source of energy in
these radintiong is yet unanswered. Is
the energy potential in an unstable molee-
,; ular or atomic structure, or is it sup-
"plied continuously by outside sources? In
the first case, how long will the energy
last? In either case, is it 2 property that
matter in general may under proper condi-
tions assume, or is it, as it scoms, restricted
to a very few peculiar elements? Heat or
cold, high or low Pressure, has little in-
fluence on the emission of the Tays. Mme.
". Curie once put forth the hypothesis that
perliaps the radiation js induced in the
radio-active elements by a sort of trans-
cendental radiation more penetrating than
the X-rays and pervading all our space.
Professor Geitel found that if so, the ex-
iting radiations penetrate easily hun-
» dreds of yards of tock, for radium was
> still active at the bottom of the deepest
; mine to whieh he had access, Finally,
the study of the radio-netive substances
will surely lead to a better knowledge of
that which ie the subject of much of the
5 physical research of to-day, the intimate
; structure of matter,
: ee:
‘ : Electrica
4 Patents
For some time Mr. Edison has been
working to improve galvanic or storage
* batteries, with a view to increasing the
permaneney of the same while dcereasing
the weight. 'T'o this end he devised a cell
wherein the mnetals, cadmium and copper,
are employed as the elements in an alka-
line electrolyte, whereby a Very permanent
cell was secured, having the initial and
final states of the electrolyte the same.
Furthermore, it was capable of storing a |
greater amountof energy per pound per cell
thanbatteries commercially nsed before that
timo for the same degree of durability.
Not satisfied with this, however, he has
been seeking, by. a great many experi-
“ments, for an’ element or compound cap.
Fo wee.
s
ee
able o: 3
lyte, the heat of formation of whose oxide
should be as low or lower than that of
oxide of mercury. In this he has been
successful, the result being the discovery
of an clement for furnishing the oxygen
to the oxidizable element on discharge with
even greater freedom than oxide of mer-
cury. At the same time, the new clement
is leas expensive, is of Joss weight, but
greater permanency and greater insolu-
bility in the electrolyte, He has+ been
granted a broad patent on his new ele-
ment, and the following extract from his
patent specification clearly describes the
method of manufacturing the same:
2.8 8 o_o
o_o
Ebigon’s Storack Barreny Puare,
“Tn the manufacture of my new oxidizable
element for use in. a reversible galvanic
cell I first preferab) y_ take monosulphide
of iron and reduce it by a crushing opera
tion until the particles thereof may be
passed through Sercen having about
410,000 openings per square inch, and I
intimately mix about cight parts, by
weight, of the powdered _monosulphide
with about two parts, by Weight, of flake
graphite of a size considerably larger than
the perforations in the walls of the pock-
ets or receptacles, Flake graphite being
exceedingly thin and of large area gives
an extensive conducting surface in pro-
nd weight. 'This mix. and dit
ned with a 20 Per cent
f being used in an alkaline electro-
‘
or’ receptacles of the proper plates by a
suitable tamping tool. Owing to the want
of flexibility of the graphite, the mixture
packs to a hard, porous mass. The effect
of electrolytic gasing, therefore, does not
disintegrate the mass ng a whole when
Properly compressed, After cach pocket
or receptacle has been tightly packed with
the muss almost to its top, a wad of asbes-
tos fibre about a quarter of an inch in
thickness is introduced into the pocket or
receptacle above the mass, and on top of
this packing is placed a strip of sheet
nickel entirely covering the asbestos
and filling the mouth of the poeket, which
strip is permanently secured in position
by nickel wires threaded through the
openings near the top of the pocket, as
shown in the illustration, The cele-
ment thus formed ‘is subjected to clectro- |.
lytic oxidization in a solution of potassic
hydroxide, whereby sulphur will be set
free and combining with the alkali forms
a sulphide of potassium, which diffuses out
of the.mass, while the iron ig converted to
4 ferrous oxide thereof. This diffusion of
the alkaline sulphide out of the plate ig
hastened and facilitated by subjecting thef-
contents of the plate to alternate oxida-
tion and reduction by alternately revers-
ing the oxidizing current, and by several
of these operations the whole of the sul-
phur will be eliminated and the element
Will be ready for use after the iron has
been reduced to thé metallic state. Since
iron does not decompose water, there will
obviously bo no local action between it
and the graphite. ‘'The oxide formed from
the sulphide increases in bulk and being|
" intermediately mixed with the graphite
Produces ° considerable pressure on: the
walls of the plate, which prevents any dis-
turbance of the initial state of the mass,
even when it is subjected to strong gasing
within the pores by overcharging the ele-
ment electrically. ‘The object of using the
monosulphide ig to secure the greatest
amount of iron oxide in the ‘smallest space
and in a form capable of being reduced
to the metallic state . electrolytically;
My attempts to utilize iron as.the oxidiz-
able element in an alkaline reversiple bat.
tery were for a long time frustrated by
the 'faets, determined only after exhaustive
experiments, that dried oxides of iron were
not reducible to any extent by the current 3
that spongy iron reduced by hydrogen
from different iron salts was not oxidizable
to any considerable extent by the current;
that the hydrates of iron w
"Tho long extract from the patent sp
fication covering the new form of storage
battery due to Mr. Thomas A. Edison,
which appears.on another: page of this
issue, ig an exceedingly interesting ac-
i
i
}
I
|
{count of difficult dnd ingenious labors car-
tied to a practical conclusion, Perhaps
this specification gives a better idea of the |.
difficulty encountered in the design of this |
battery than any, statement that ‘has yet
been made concerning it. eer
‘| The cell seems to be entirely different
from others that have preceded it and the
-|result of its practical application is await- iW ;
ed with deepest interest by every one who | aad
has to do with accumulators in any form.
The promise held out by the somewhat
short and incomplete description con-
tained in Dr. Kennelly’s ‘original paper
describing this type of cell—that the new .
battery would possess extraordinary advan- |- ;
tages over other forms—scoms to be well |...’
borne out by the patent specification re- ! ae
ferred to. - It is to be hoped that we shall |:
soon have full data of service testa of |
i
. ones ‘prief article.
r Edison Battery.—Hiovert.—A brie!
of the Jungner battery,
these cells under the conditions ordinarily
mot in practice, especially in connection |-
with automobile service, °° J
ts
“The German patent
ar to the new Edi-
‘simil
vhich is ‘somewhat ‘simi ; ae
canieant by Siemens & Halske. He give:
son cell, is said to have b
‘in a diagram Pagel a
ide, sodium hydroxi serene
he canabcsividies is too sinalf to exercise ai iP
With the new Edison cell, the cc ae ph aon
indicate the progress of a esd Q a
aiderenes at the terminals will a pe it
y than. in the old, a
ortant revealer ee
clang and discharge voltages will be r
acter of these curves Ww ill be very import:
actel
The contents of the
saiey8 scsi
urves for the conductivities of potassiu
ic aci difference
huric acid. The d
Oe ee ant influence.
e ble
Will presumably be unal b
pies The potential
pe become a more in-
haracteristic curve of
quired at all rates The char-
ant for all questions of regu-
whole
an *, ity, due
lala an a eet here will be local variations in density, dv
iquid is constant, but t ‘ea
ie migration of the ions and to the reduction a
oO
lectrodes. “It is not unlikely, therefore, that one o
of t : thin flakes of graphite which
shh e is to assist in minimizing
Th re said to increase the erngeenid ae
aor fer exclusively to clectric conduc! - :
al earable that local action is absent or very
f polished iron w
Cubes of p Fai
oxides, ete.
ash cells.
d oxidation at the
f the functions
Mr. Edison mixes with the
local variations in density.
of the briquettes, but this
He says that it is
small in these pot-
sealed up in
ich Faraday had seal I
: They must have contained
i were seen by him 30 years . nd apparently free from
alkali w te bright and app:
were qui!
ir surfaces :
ae ik He remarks, how
| evidence of local action.
thin framework in swhich
very small degree of loca’ nok
finally makes a few remarks on
rT as whi vever, shows noth
ich, however,
. some formula hich, hee h
pand q must be siel in
er, that the eee
Edison sets his briquettes will ena at
1 action to produce disintegration. han
“probable chemistry,” and giv ;
ing but that oxygen 1s
{1 acts, as is claimed,
a ef 21.
EES ee rm his formulas.—Lond. Elec, Rev., June
a eee
8
Bits ¢ Aen.
RY.—It is stated that several prom-
IN STORAGE BATTE
ee talists have become i
y
is sai
bscribers
iven as bonus to the sul
$1,000,000 stock ,
t Schwab and
Edison and a few of his :
and Samuel R.
. who, it
000 of the
Only $300,
din the $1,000,000 company
utside.of Mr.
d, including Presiden
interestet
ize
ited States Steel Corporation,
I Mek. Twombly, $200,000,
H
$300,000 being g'
ison has organ
for the $300,000 bonds.
of the Un
d to any one 0
nt capi
aya smaller amount.
0,000 together
5
h' Mr. Edi
tor Gary,
ave $:
Callaw:
ic
irec
‘close friends, the
‘has been issue
vene!
SAE APR TRASH RA UNITAS EAE 3
: f binky ferric oxide was not capable of any
: # considerable reduction by the current, and,
finally, that ferrous oxide, though easily
él reducible, was very difficult to prepare on‘
‘ft account of atmospheric oxidation. The
i formation of the ferrous oxide, in the first
g
\ instance, within the pockets or receptacles
#| did. away ‘with the objections.due to the -
?) bitlk’of the hydrates, while the oxide thus
| formed'is perfectly reducible-by the cur-
4 i rent.’- Instead of forming the oxide in this
i
€
k alkaline solution, it will be obvious that
; i salts of iron, like ferrous chloride, may be
Hacked with the graphite and when placed
tin an alkaline solution form chloride of
iflthe alkali and ferrous oxide of iron, the
A alkaline chloride diffusing out of the mass.
4 The results, however, are not so good as
“{when the sulphide of iron is used, since
the quantity of finely divided iron. pro-
‘\\ fduced thereby is considerably less and is
“ falso less porous, offering, therefore, a re-
‘ fduced opportunity for the solution to
Ypenetrate the mass and lowering, in con-
| f'sequence, its current-condueting capacity.
“iMctallic iron, even, when finely divided,
2 flas produced by electrolytic reduction, does
i ino of itself oxidize in solutions of the fixed
alkalies, and the oxide of iron is not appre-
iciably soluble. Compact, dense or non-
‘porous iron—i, 6, iron having relatively
t large particles—when subjected to a
pjpowertal electrolytic oxidation forms
‘Ja gmall quantity of a soluble ferrate of the
Elatkali and dissolves in the electrolyte. On
‘Lithe other hand, finely divided iron ob-
tained as described when subjected to elec-
ritrolytie oxidation does not form a solu-
ble ferrate, but is converted into the in-
soluble ferrous oxide. My improved oxidiz-
able clement is, therefore, absolutely per-
Ke manent, go that in the operation of the
y4 battery the electrolyte is not changed at
E any stage of the working, and absolutely
hi no deterioration of the iron clement takes
| place. Having described the advantages
ij and characteristics of and the preferred
4 manner of making the oxidizable clement,
Bi reference will now be made to the pre-
Fi ferred oxygen furnishing or storing cle-
Hy ment of the cell. I have discovered by
i experiment that the lower oxides of nickel
fj and cobalt when in contact with a con-
f structed an oxygen-storing element capa-
i ble of great capacity, of light weight and
% of high permanence. Neither the oxide
way by: oxidizing the monosulphide in an-
of nickel nor of cobalt is :ppreciably solu-
ble in an alkaline .clectrolyte, and: both
nickel and cobalt :give:nearly the same
voltage in use; but since nickel is less ex-
pensive than cobalt I prefer to use the
former element for the purpose. ‘The
preferred process for making the oxygen-
storing clement consists in first precipitat-
-ing either the monoxide or black hydrated
dioxide. of the: metal—say nickel—in the
usual'way,iwashing the precipitate free
from.the products of the reaction; filter-
ing off the liquid and drying off the pre-
eipitate. The resulting dried hydrated
oxide is then powdered very fine and is
ready for use, ither oxide may be used
with the same results. ‘The process above
outlined applies to cobalt as well as to
nickel. About seven parts, by weight, of
the finely powdered hydrate and three
parts, by weight, of flake graphite are then
‘intimately mixed and moistened with a
small quantity of a strong solution of
potassic hydroxide, so as to dampen the
mass, which is then inserted in the pockets
or receptacles of the proper plates in small
quantities at a time and thoroughly
tamped at edch accession. Finally’ the
mass is covered with a Jayer of asbestos,
‘held in place by a plate of nickel secured
in position by nickel wires, as I have de-
scribed in explaining the make-up of the
oxidizable element. The plates, the pock-
ets of which are thus supplied with the
mixture of the hydrated oxide and graph-
ite, are then immersed in a solution of
potassic hydroxide in water and subjected
for a considerable time to an oxidizing
current of about 50 milliamperes per
square inch of surface, during which the
oxide is either raised to a higher stage of
oxidation than the black oxide (Ni,0;)
or else acts as an absorber of oxygen in
some manner unknown to me. Whatever
the action may be, the oxide so treated acts
as a most efficient oxygen-storing element
for commercial use in a galvanic battery.
The object of employing graphite, which
is not affected by electrolytic oxidation,
is to offer a great extent of surface against
which the whole of the oxide is in con-
tact, a large conducting surface being nec-
essary, since the electrolytic reduction and
oxidation for practical purposes only ex-
tend a small distance from the conducting
surface against which the oxide is in con-
tact. This is admirably effected by the
use of graphite in its micaceous form, the
proportions indicated being such as to
practically insure that the electrolytic
action need not penetrate a greater dis-
tance from the contact surface than the
thickness of a’ single particle of the
powdered oxide. - Furthermore, there-is no
local action between the nickel.or cobalt
oxides and the graphite. The reason: why
nickel hydrate is preferably used instedd
of other compounds of nickel is that the
metal ‘itself when finally divided (as ob-
tained by reducing a nickel compound by
hydrogen or electrolysis) is not oxidizable
to any considerable extent when subjected
to electrolytic oxidation in an alkaline
solution. ‘I'he sulphide of nickel is not de-
composed by electrolysis under the.condi-
tions of battery work, and the sulphide of
cobalt only imperfectly. Hence the hy-
Grates are the most available compounds
for use, since they do not become inert to
the same extent as hydrates of the oxides
of iron after drying, they are easily pre-
pared, and by absorbing the solution they
swell within the pockets or receptacles so
as to insure intimate contact and stability.
During the charging of the cell the absorp-
tion of oxygen by the oxide of nickel or
cobalt causes the oxide to further swell
and bulge the pockets or receptacles out-
wardly, and on discharge 2 proportionate
contraction takes place. In order that the
walls of the pockets or receptacles may al-
ways maintain the desirable intimate con-
tact with the active material, the pockets
are, as stated, made of some highly elastic
metal, such as hard rolled sheet nickel, so
that at each contraction of the mass the
pocket walls will by their elasticity keep
in contact therewith. Having constructed
the two elements of the battery as above’
explained, they are preferably utilized to-
gether in a solution of 25 per cent of
potassic hydroxide in water and the cell
is ready for use, and when charged the
iron is in the metallic form and the nickel
or cobalt oxide is raised to the superperox-
ide stage described, :
“Owing to several’ obscure reactions
which take place when the battery is dis-
charged, and also to a change of resistance
within the electrodes, the voltage is varia-
ble; but the average voltage over the whole
discharge is about one volt, rising as high
as 1.32 volts, and sometimes higher, when
freshly charged. My improved battery
can be overcharged, fully discharged, or
even reversed and charged in the opposite
direction without any injury. Over-gas-
- ing does not disturb the initial state of
the materials in the pockets, all the ingre-
dients are insoluble, the supporting plates
‘are unattacked by electrolytic oxidation,
and the whole operation is independent of
the strength of the solution, so that the
battery is of great permanence, while at
the same time more energy will be stored
per unit of weight than with any perma-
nent practical combination heretofore sug-
gested. I have constructed o battery as
above described which gives an available
storago capacity of one horse-power-hour
for 73 pounds weight; but it may be
made lighter without destroying its per-
manent character. The specific magnetic
metals are iron, nickel and cobalt. By the
expression “oxide of ‘a specific magnetic
metal other than iron” as employed in my
claims, I mean oxide of nice oxide of
cobalt or 2 combination of such oxides.
By the use of that expression it is my pur-
ose to embrace and include generically *
2)
_ son cell, is said to have been bought by
“> ,/'The long extract from the patent speci- |
‘fication covering the new form of storage |
battery duo to Mr. Thomas A, Edison, |
which appeays.on another’ page of this
‘fissue, is an exceedingly interesting ac- |
--Jeount of difficult dnd ingenious labors car- | .
tied to a practical conclusion, Perhaps
.{this specification gives a botter iden‘of the
difficulty encountered in the design of this
-lbattery than any, statement that lias yet
{been made concerning it, Chess,
The cell seems to be entirely different
- {from others that have preceded it and the
" ,fresult of its practical application is await-
.. Jed with deepest interest by every one who
‘-{has to do with accumulators in any form.
‘|The promise held out by the somewhat
short and incomplete description con-
jtained in Dr, Kennolly’s ‘original paper
describing this type of ccll—that the new
battery would possess extraordinary advan- |
tages over other forms—scems to be well
borne out by the patent specification re- ;-
ferred to. - It is to be hoped that we shall
soon have full data of service tests of}
these cells under the conditions ordinarily |
met in practice, especially in ‘connection|-.... « ee
with automobile gerviee, 72 ds
_"
ja eis !
‘
tees at :
Leena F
Py oNR -
Edison Battery—Hinnert.—A brief arti le, | pate
of the Jungner battery, which is ES iatike ne es
tive curves for the conductivities of potassium
de and sulphuric acid. The difference
Il to exercise an important influence.
I presumably be unable
in a diagram compara’ :
hydroxide, sodium hydroxi
in the conductivities is ne sys basen
i w Edison ceil, the hy: er W ) b
papeanspr progress of a charge and discharge. The potential
difference at the terminals will in the new type become a more
portant revealer than in the old, and the Se ae dar:
charge and discharge voltages will be required at all rates : el
acter of these curves will be very important for all areper ath
lation, and also for that of the efficiency. The contents i ak w Poe
liquid is constant, but there will be local variations em ca u te
to the migration of the ions and to the reduction and oe rei cps
electrodes. “It is not unlikely, therefore, that one oO! athe an ss
of the thin flakes of graphite which Mr. Edison mixes uaadieh
oxides, cte., is to assist in minimizing local ekennaties a rae
They are said to increase the conductivity of the brique a: we
cannot refer exclusively to electric conduction.’ cal ake
not improbable that local action is absent or very a in a a im
ash cells. Cubes of polished iron which Faraday = a canal
alkali were seen by him 30 years: later. They must ene prea
carbon, yet their surfaces were quite bright and ee, tee ’
evidence of focal action. He remarks, however, that cu :
thin framework in swhich Edison sets his briquettes wi! a
very small degree of local action to produce sient hae
finally makes a few remarks on the “probable chemistry,” and give
te to t
transferred from one pla er Lond. Bec, Rev, June 2
The German patent;
he other, If the cell acts, as is claimed; °
| some formulas which, however, shows nothing but that oxygen 1s
p and q must be equal in his. formul
gr Ny
o
-—It is stated that several prom-
who, it is said, | *
and Samuel R.
$1,000,000 stock
da few of hi
outside.of Mr. Edison an
being given as bonus
t Schwab and
d in the $1,000,000 company
ding Presiden
nited States Steel Corporation,
H. McK. Twombly, $200,000,
Only $300,000 of the
ists have become intereste'
has organized, inclu
“a smaller amount.
ooo together;
‘has been issued to any one
which Mr. Edison
‘Director Gary, of the U:
‘close friends, the $300,000
ey Bach ie ;
The New Edison Storags 3a
By Wpanz Peters. sites
carcély had the copper-cadmnium accumulate
agian to the world, not without much en
from the technical and lay press, when appeared, i §
better brother, the superoxide of nickel-iron combing
tion, Yet this is already a giant child. Wi iit
grow to man’s stature? Possibly, Still, it Ai
hardly become a ‘Titan, capable of completely revol ut
tionizing the science of accumulator manufacture. 7
The principles underlying the new cell have a
ready been describ:d ina paper by Dr. Art hur a
Kennelley, read beture a meeting of the Americal
Institute of Electrical Engineers on. May 2tst.
Since the date of this paper later details lave ap-
peared, obviously emanatiny from the inventor him-
self, and going further inv, particulars, ;
At discharge, as well a. in the previous charge,
the voltage of this cell is 1.5 volts, maintaining a
mean pressure of 1.1 yoits. The normal current
density of discharge is .93 ampere per square deci-
meter of active surface, the capacity being 30.85
watt-hours per kilogram of cell weight, whereas
the modern lead accumulator gives only 8& to 13.23
watt-hours for the same weight.
In a normal discharge through 3.§ hours the out-,
put is 88 watts per kilogram; for one hour the out-
put.is 26.40 watts, The cell docs not appear to be
injured by overcharge or discharge, but suffers only
a decrease in efficiency.
The active material is prepared in the form of
rectangular briquet., 7.6 by 1.27 centimeters in area,
formed under a pressure of 30 tons per square
decimeter, and placed in boxes of perforated sheet-
steel, nickel-plated and of 0.075 millimeter thickness.
These boxes are then fastened in a strong sheet-
steel grid, 0.61 millimeter in thickness, and likewise
nickel-plited. The whole arrangement is finally
subjected to a hydraulic pressure of some 100 tons,
so that, on the one hand, the retaining: boxes are
cemented tightly, and, on the other, their side walls. -
are bent securely about the supporting frames of
the steel grid. P
For automobile batteries such grids are made of
2.5 millimeters thickness and the steel cases 0.50
millimeter thick. The whole is placed in vessels
also of steel, cemented by a solder capable of resist-
ing alkaline solutions. ,
Whereas in lead accumulators the weight of the
acid solution represents about 44 per -cent,. of the
active mass (including, of course, the supporting
metal), or some 25 per cent. of the fotal weight,
in the nickel-iron cell the electrolyte is only some
20 per cent. of the weight of the plates, or about
14 per cent. of the total weight, since in the dis-
- charge here no ion of the electrolyte combines with
the active material, as in the ordinary accumulator
SO. combines with the Pb. The amiount of clec-
trolyte required is therefore much less, The specific
gravity of the electrolyte, moreover, can alter essen-
tially only through evaporation. On this account one
may use the Edison accumulator as a dry battery.
The expansion and contraction of the'active material
is allowed by the elastic nature of the retaining boxes,
and good contact between the two is always insured.
The electromotive force of the cell appears to be
nearly equal to that reckoned from the heat of com-
bination of iron and oxygen, so that the superoxide
of nickel is nearly neutral, as the nickel compound
has only a small affinity for oxygen, in spite of the
fact that the superoxide in the cell appears to be
completely stable, 3
The new cell seems to be unharmed by low tem-
peratures, None of the constituents are taken up by
the electrolyte or dissolved, Hitherto no polariza-
tion has been observed, since the electromotive force
is below that required for the disintegration of
water, ‘The cell can be completely discharged and
RG is
On'th er hand,.I have obtained with or
nary traction cell of 12.75 kilograms weight a dis-
charge of 260.04 watt-hours for 2.5 hours; i, ¢, 20.39
watt-hours per kilogram. With this, maybe com-
pared the results -which Kennelly: gives—fhat : the
modern lead cell furnishes but 8.8 to 13.23 watt-hours
ilogram weight. F
per kilog rhotir discharge the energy output of the
3 erey
abave cell is certainly somewhat increased: But we --
i ntine our. attention to the 20.39°-Watt-hours, |
Tis “vould be furnished by a discharge current of
48 amperes and with 48 square decimeters of active-
electrode surface.. The current density, then, is one
ampere, For the above output, then, 375 square
decimeters per kilogram of cell weight is required ;
i.e, about 30,85 watt-hours, With the ordinary lead
accumulator, 5,67 square decimeters of clectrode
surface per kilogram of cell weight is required, as
against nine square decimeters in the Edison ar-
rangement, or not far from the half, ¢
A battery to furnish a given amount of electric
energy must then, if one employ the superoxide of
nickel-iron elements, be nearly twice as Jarge—
whether we figure by the dimensions of the cells ‘or .
their number—as that required if one use the perox-
ide of lead elements, -— :
Tn general, with traction batteries one would seck
to increase the number of cells, since the motor in
automobiles requires a definite voltage, and the avail-
able potential i the Edison accumulator, 1.1 volts,
is only about one-half that from well-known traction .
cells, which furnish 1.95 to 1,97 volts, That .this
almost double space required could be allowed in-au-
tomobiles without an increase of the dimensions -|,.°
all around, is very much in doubt, .
That by the new combination a great economy of
weight over that hitherto required will be realized
must be doubted, since the specific gravity of nickel
and of iron amounts to about two-thirds that of lead
(nickel, 8.5 to 89, steel 7.6 to 7.8, lead 11.37, and
Icad-peroxide only about 7),- 7 Be adidade
Over-charging and over-discharging do not greatly
harm the new automobile lead accumulator, if not
made a usual practices" From cells of this descrip-
tion, and of 48 amperes’ rating, I Mave taken from
150 to 250 amperes, for periods varying from short
intervals to two minutes, and have been unable to
detect a decrease in their capacity, after careful res
charging, eer,
Iu statements thus far appearing it, is not made
certain that the superoxide of nickel-iron combina-
tion can stand currents of such abnormal strength.
And, indeed, not without reason. The currents fur-
nished cannot’ be so heavy as.those from the lead. |:
peroxide-lead clement, since the resistance of the
alkali-solution is greater than that of the sulphuric-
acid solution, and the porosity of the active mass
can scarcely equal that in the ordinary cell, Espe-| .
cially are the positive electrodes of, the Edison ac- '
cumulator much too compact, :
From what has thus far ppeared concerning the
construction of the plates o
tailed than in the old type. Edison himself indi-
rectly assents to this, since he hopes, by improved |.
methods of manufacture, only to be able to furnish
electric energy at the same price as from the existing
types. *
» Kennelly’s figures as to the weights of solution
required in the Jead accumulator are from. 10 per
cent. to five per cent. too high. On the other hand,
his estimates for the Edison cell are too small;
since the iron in alkali solution is not inactive
throughout, but, as soon as it js made the anode in
discharge, enters into the solution to a considerable |:
extent,
Experience must demonstrate whether the active|’
material in the briquets is always kept in good con-
tact with the retaining walls, during charge and di
(thug, far been—light enough : to’ be ‘con-
[Stand Jar,’ shpek,-vibration, snd’ general}:
terioratton, ees
y the new. accumulator |...
these Appear necessarily much more costly and de- |. °*'
A lectentitic tent Jof.the sino
attary of Mr, ‘THOMAS A; Epi
J@ Practical solution-of, the Jnoat’ Ampor:
fant. of the. unsolved problems’ of aléd=
{trlelty, >The -fleld : of vusetulnes J
storage battery is Wider’than that'o ca
claimed:-for the horse; since in“ addltton.|-
ito its service. in connection with. trana- 4
Rortatton, {twill "have: tees, frinupiorable’
in the arts and‘ln domestic economy. To
meet the requirements for uses tn which
ite value will, be"'moat ‘ conspicuous, the
storage battery muat be what it has not
ventently Bortable, cheap’énough’ to com:
Rete. with other mechanical ‘agencies ‘of
Power generntion,‘and durable enough to
(dieturbanée’ ‘without-rapid:and.coatly de.
2 ie PTs
0 batte ; con
lead cell (of: Pranta,. in
n this’ construction land
tion’ of the’ Planté jbattery.. was
sally very, needs
ag ‘and’ surran-
effactive! onergy,) welghing’ trom
PISAG to" 180.5 | po nds per” horse’ ‘power
hour. at terminals, Attempta :t0‘ilghten
the, onstruction ited In: ‘.
)The Ted TY Ja: said Wy on
efficiency. ner: unit of ‘weight treat 7) ‘
nate, times. Breater’: than: thats of ‘any
-‘v |istorage "battery hitherto ‘madé, “rts Ins!
‘ttlally Inexpensive,. Will bear. a Ereat deat I
‘Of rough usage without:Injury, ta charged
fraptdly, ‘and.may be ‘discharged’ ‘at-any!
"/rate desired, within. praotled) Hrrtta’
these claims’ are. vindicated ‘In ‘the
duction |
hewitt meat! «:
the moat fastidious!:
‘om, -will be available. The’ aten| '
of electric Ughting wit be extendéd bee!
Yohd ‘the ‘mits ot ‘practicable wiring.) °
and the eléatr yacht’ will be: found ‘al
vast {mprovemént upon one deriving tia! |
Motive power: from fire‘ and fuel. "It may! ‘
* algo mean the easy solution, among other!
‘J things, “of-.thé tunnel, roblem ‘tn. thita)
city. Storage” battery: comotives, va.)
indling any, train which enters|. ’
or leaves New, Yorkiyrare now:in success.
tul_ use,’ but the, Edison battery wouta|
‘seem to ‘pronil ¢.8 vant, increase’ in:the}’ |
‘| eftictenoy of such’ traction engines, with
ction -in’ their ‘cost,::-yve!
: that. ‘the. contide: é ‘warranted |
by, ‘experimental teats ‘will,’ be.’ estaba!
dished in. practtcat' use, and that fn this}.
Instance ithe | claim of. success" ‘has “not
been too anticipatory, . Just sucha stor.
any other device of a mechfnical ‘n ure
whichis’ now engaging the-attention of
an Be battery.ts perhaps more, needed: than
fl 2
‘ Lprihees q ce 7 2 “ Cee .
“vs Bdlson Battery on Exhibitlon In Buffalo.
: The Edison storage battery reached the Electricity!
ae a ae:
eee pe
charged in the opposite direction without injuring charge. It is not at all evident that, the elasticity |,” rh
MS ppanaelty, 1 of the steel walls is sufficient to retain the contact |".
Ne positive plate may be removed from the elec- originally given by a very great pressure. The active
trolyte and dried in the air without injury, although — inasses are combined only mechanically with their
the negative plate will be oxidized by warming. Re- retainers, while inthe lead accumulator, especially
Placed and again charged, the capacity is found un- in the positive electrode, at most an internal ex-
affected, i i
4 ad ansion, through chemical process, takes place.
: With perfected methods and facilities for manu- P The Satement that finely divided nickel, obtained ‘
SHintlGe ae eee to be pile te place the ac- by chemical process, is not carried over into a super- : . : Saori “Ocheclinan tht: CO ate fe
costiecan dearer th a a i iowatt-hour — oxide through ‘the oxygen of clectrolysis, contradicts a elf ppemine thek tact eae te, Cepebamenting : “a fife,
Dry hydrat an tor the lead battery, my experience in other experiments. ‘The assertion |. : : “4 SNE di : Mon, and the fact that the
ty hydrate or oxide of iron ought not to enter * that superoxide of nickel does not act as a depol- }:..: 4 #
into an alkaline solution, Finely divided iron such ji i 0) ce wil e remark
4 K a 4 arizer ly
as i taine ; ; nN ti ; nel is clearly not in accordance ith th an an
7
eee qullding of the Pan American Exposition on Satur-}
fay morning, July zoth, it having been brought from}
: (Orange, N. J% by Frederick Ott, one of the conf-!
: dential ‘assistants of Mr. Edison. It was placed; .
Ot exhibition in the Edison space in amplo time -to!
yreccive the inspection of the jury of awards, which; | ue
Light weight, ability to!
oe
Pa,
2
a
d 2 >
simplicity of ‘construc. |’,
f attery can be over-
ies nase charged, fully discharged, or reversed and charged |
() for reasons in: the. opaoctte + rari gee ar ts
‘ta iv ' ‘ AB i in another part of Kennelly’ 2 oe : : : in the opposite direction: :
telifice ane Penne ager ag tee add accumulator is only an Oe ie a ie ‘ F probably different‘ ; | being short-circuited. withont ai ill ne
nickel also is inactive in such solutions. “The wore Pree yaa nee, doubtful if one n bial an elec-| ok aks s : a y Just |: Salts to the Jury. Just what the life of the new
oxide and peroxide are likewise inert. No nickel jfialy Hic eons nly. m ‘ Edison battery is is not known, but it is said that
oxide is active, or can be made active through clec- ‘i ( Mr, Edison has had one’in use in his laboratory
Helatic, action. The superoxide does not act as a ; ir over a year. without its showing any signs of
ner, : P i a ; A terioration, Mr. Edi ived i i
‘ . 4 f ugh the energetic reaction nae fede tion, > #Cison arrived in Buffalo on his
beet mt ok, at the results which have thus far a still more stable combination with onseen occurs) \ Way to Chautauqua, Saturday night, July zoth, and
heen made public a little more closely. b ; p 7 ony! ken it : pies a
During a 35-hour discharge with a current density at again charged only bal 48 eu in an automobile to the grounds of the
: Gel per Sduare decimeter, the Edison pearing concerning the'utility of the Edison accumu- pS oath tr pe : tio mild Wa eerie eee
eran 3 felt aaa oN 3085 naa per kilo- [itor are silent. My own investigations, as well as : Fdison Storage Battery Company. . |i Later 4 nth cei ek Melt Bath 2 fer Chahine
am of cell. “Now the mean ischarge volt- a ¢ ns, as i a ‘ : ee ° i a er in the evening he left Buffalo for Chautauqua,
Beery yy volts: $0 that 28.5 ampere-hours are de. {lie Statements of Reed, made in the discussion upon de i Jt is said that a few prominent capitalists have but is expected to be a frequent visitor at the ext
ccome interested, with Edison, in the Edison Stor- Position, which his lamp has aided in making so fa-
livered, “The discharge current is thus 8 this subject, make it ‘appear very clear that the
i I amperes. charging potential amounts to. fear! E
Since from on ter of active surface rat rly two volts, or age Battery company, which is capitalized at $1,000,- mou:
000, According to Wall strect report, President eee
gators, and. has
dof the
lesire,
investi;
ghi d.
lon, insten
lator,
TEU)
lustry mii
{ nearly double that of dischargé. On this account
Necessary for this Tone lain ae then ae nine _ : Pee sae f the ch cetive: Watt
Eau . i seh pee: ours can be cow upon, Sti i
Square decimeters per kilogram of cell Weight. effectiveness be lowered “Gf the Toh nails Me with
asad gem he Fagealblatt tlic Accumutatoren und Blementen- difficidlty reduced again,
._ See Western Electrician of May 25 atid
mn gecu:
Schwab and Director Gary of the United States Steet
sprperation, have $50,000 together; H. McK. Twom-
duicec : ‘ : ly, $200,000, and Samucl Call:
revolution in the methods of accumulator : amount. "Only about Sonban OE the stock hae" be
ufacture is thus by no means so near issued to anyone outside of Mr. Edison and a few |
2 pe is close friends, the $300,000 being given as
onus to the Subscribers for 100,000 in bonds.
ind
the Ediso:
he plate fs hastened and fnellltated by subjecting thef)
vq We Edson Storage Battery Patonted In tho Staal ASHEIEG Satis Sue a
4 : tly . reve: 5 current, and
W, Luckhurst, Albany ML. Data s, Troy ate HH. United States. by several of these operations, the whale oe the auiphur 4
ica; inneapolis, fo4 ‘ Wit be eliminated and. the etement will be ready, for;
Ne coree SA one et Ste Louis, M On July rth the United States Patent one will Ue Cio [ron hag heen reduced to the motaille state
HA. Alexander, New York, a granted to Thomas A. Edison a patent (No. 678- since iron does not decompose water, there will, ob-
. A. Alexander, New York. : : “ ‘ile Galvanic Battery.” ‘This pat- yfously be local action between it dnd the graphite,
‘A group picture of the gentlemen attending the 722) on a “Reversible Galvanic Da y: pay, Mite oxtio Fo ated fromthe sulphide, increases In bull
meeting is shown in the ilustration on page 50. ent relates to the new Edison storage battery which aud belng intermediately ‘mixed with thy | graphiteys
‘3 p A Fi 1 duces Conalderable pressure on the walla of the Date, ¢
Charles L. Eidlitz of New York, the president of has created so much commotion in the clectrica! Arte prevents any “aliturbance of the Initial biuto.o
the new national association, is seen in the MpPeT field, ‘The original application for this patent WS the nnus even when It Ie, aubjected to, airoug Fasslng
ight- e pi si is hea - . ayia ¢ it wa within y charging the element clectric-
a Tee he of the Blt a i edt of filed March 1, 1901 (serial No, 49453) but it Wie ally. ‘The object of ual the nonoxth whide Is to secure
cea ee ee hind divided, and the application forming the basis of The'greatest amount of Iron oxide in tho smallest apace
Rochester is seated in the bottom row, the thir 2 ya or (serial ound In a form capable of belng reduced to the metallic
from the right. The photograph was taken at the the present patent was filed June 20, 19 ah State electrolytically,
tntrance of the New York state building at the No. 65,284). ‘This patent is much like the English ey tea rte to ulna, ron ag tho oxidizable element }
7 Ni i ‘ 3 tote a 7 C q i ye
Pan-American Exposition, patent described in the Western Hieciiclia of duly ftustiated by tbe ‘mncte, | determined only? alee he ; ? : oy es Pn EE ie 8, ea i Sa ae . mn
a e de: i is more exha' " . hausthye erhments, aried oxides of dron werafy, ae pad: é ’ Pat i ; it nm accoun
: oth, but as the. dese a Sa evith Mayen hataraincliie fo any extent by the current: that spongy [; we : ; : have not been satisfactorily or ‘commercially uti ized 1 ‘ teal?
Military Automobile for Wireless Teleg~ text of the United States patent 1s fron reduced by hydrogen from different fron salts wast; ; : os oa Beene : the difficulties arising from their application in alkaline electro ytes,'.
y raph entire, OE Te Miydrdton” Of trou, ero ves yb ay ana e: ; ie . : : : as well as because of their expense, especially in regard to silver,’
chit; A bye Ver tH es i Bag A ae . D i
4o alt whom It uny concern: 7 i ditieult of use without drying, which operition eftected “ L8 ee “ 3 : : fee A isadv. i uite soluble;
et! eee tt tatu ae i ite pi in cttleen ne game obscure change therein t6 render thent nearly ner fey ; vey te bares pee goneenees the i oe Peper uf beng a a a.
jthe States, , dowellyn Park, ot Ui. din the presenee of tho reducing currents 1 j : bey HES fe when su . oa
fF county of bawex: and State of New Jersey, fare Jus surrie ‘odie wag not capahte of Ray Poe orntG redue oS een : : ara in the electrolyte |
q y fd usered smprovement dn re bits ts fc element or com ound capable of be-!.
iy aE eee te UM cage No, 4,v}, of whlch the tion by tha current, ani, finally, that ferrous oxtde, ae ? : age | great many experiments Jor an ip pple i
(lattowing. avant canto . 4 ; » a ciate though ecaally reducible, was very aliteult to prepar 3 2 Pou : G2, “ “(ing used in an alkaline electrolyte, the heat I farmriee of eed
My juvention relates to Improveronts bbb ia : se ee : : : : id should be as low or lower than that o oxid of mercury, and}
or po-cuited “storage” batteries; aud uy object Is to i : F z / oxi 9 ;
produce a rev y of great permanency " : < : poe it, )in this I have been successful, the result being’ the discovery of an;
e y Aly! velght per unit of energy. , f " a i eras hei feat oc
ar doy appliestisa Peet idea Havent, dited Oclauer 3, Gt : : : ee Brag . | element for furnishing the oxygen to the oxidizable element on dis |
10 eT Ana A dlowcrilig aut improved ty Spopper _ Sees : ' : : : . d cae see : charge with even greater freedom than oxid of mercury, while at the
tity employed ais the gleinenty fa a alkullne eluetroty te : Sa we be foe : se : Ps ee oo") same time the new element. is less expensive, 18 of less weight, is of
: ye q peuret very purmnauel F : Hi . 4 . z oieaes seth : ry A acai a
{ wt vee whereln ee titad and atl “tutes ot the i i 4 f Ws pean pre a . | greater permanency, and finally is of greater insolubility in the elec
yte are the ’, i 9 y whlch Was i . i f ‘ ‘ Ae ye ‘ A
viet of ee alist finally oe Mery [Ur i t ot ‘4 : on cane ; aa Shh . | trolyte, I have also sought by experiment for an clement superior |,
pound of cell tail batteries coumurelully, used befers i é H P Soh eceust Wea ae age tes Dig kel J to cadmium as the oxidizable element on discharge, with the object}:
tne hn (or aS designed Te turrher Hghten. the Xv dughie : i : os : Otay ae Sages Seta Ng MES o's | in view of further reducing the weight and cost of the cell, and I ;
aor Sie Sar mare 2 a eeircult a * her : H ; ie : a : kG RAO a 8 BPs co. have discovered an element for the purpose possessing these desirable
Ta the alkaline zincate t t batt oune: : Ryd : Tet Pee a bce ‘| characteristics, As a result a reversible galvanic cell equipped with
Vy ia zincate type attery as cond 7 ‘ ‘ ’ 2 we ‘ ee x i a ° . + * 5
wit sb IF I iow, copper oxide ins : i i . bs n reyes . i ‘ the new clements is of great permanence, js relatively light and inex-}'
7} been used exclusively 98 tu yeemtuvnishing a i H i [ : , ; : a i a 4 ne pensive, and is of great power. . ‘oe
| Pee , ees | phe elements are preferably carried or supported by hollow per-y
ment when the battery ds dive!
tate, ‘Lhe only other elements : H i i " ft Des : ,
4 j on at 8 ae nate Cagumince es 2" forated plates, forming receptacles or pockets, which are iustrated |
/
St, Louis; F, E. Sherman, Bingham! on, N.
cote remo:
ray perme:
reduced 10 thi ate, Lh he:
wilel bh sted and would be avaiable
Ase sUbstteUl In these -batterles have been
those lower in the "| serles, ‘such OB lercury
aud -allver; but xo. as 1 know thege metals have
not been ‘satisfactorily . or coumerclally utilized ou
aecount of the diculties urlslag from thelr appileation
ih alkullne electrolytes, us well ‘as because of thelr
expense, espeelnily In regard to silver, ¥ metil
possesses the further disadvantage of being quite soluble
in the electrolyte when subjected to oxlaation. Tb
sought by a grent muy experlinents fur an
compound able of Velng used ta an alka
lyte, the heat of formution of -whoso oxide Bh
tow or, er than that of oxlde of mercury,
thls 1) been successful, the result belng the: dis-
vovery of 4 ut for furnishing the oxygen to the
oxldizable element on discharge with even greater
freedom than oxide of mercury, while at the same thine
the new element J less expensive, Is of less welght,
sof greater permanency, and nally is of greater
oo
o
7ST 88"
“SST
On
in the accompanying drawings,
——
s
Insolubiiity in the clectrolyte, I have’ alyo sought by - ‘ oe RSE se,
vaparlineut for us lement wunerias (a, enuiitans ie LE fe 7 aa B
one! charge, Wi object fu view Cass Seeger ; Si iter
of further reduelng the welght und cost of the cell, Se . The Edison torage a y
and 1 have disvovered | an MMenient for the “purpose SS ; é — : :
ie RA SMTA uit cle Lites | i the specications of an English pt
. vane cello ‘d with ew ele. i , t ec : ey
ments ly of great permanence, fx relatively Mghts and 8 “ ; In our hers of July 6 a ad a id we print below
mexpenve, and ti of great power. dar apace | 8 ent relating to-the new Edison storage attery, an D ;
: eleme "er carried or sup) * teonti i i
ine ee ee Cra “Be in fll the sstfeaton of the corre ecfeatons ae ential
i] UI “Whee ny ie accompinyhng rawlings, ‘i i i i
forming part of this specltication, aud in Which ot 9 1 i] é which was issued July 16. hile t . al air full in detail,
ign face view of one of the plates, having three pock 18 in greater part, the American patent is somewhat more sect
showing the front wy ani, pioke ; NEW EDISON STORAGE BATTERY, ‘i and has an added interest from the references given to the subject
Settee Le oe Sor Ree oetall seetons in Of (ie fettous obtdey an the Tat tastanees” within the "natter of ater aplieations now in the Patent Ofss rising (9 *5
ail of, fie, above. stews: cor outing Darts ure repre- pockets or receptacies did away with ‘thie “objections «+ same type of battery. : 4, :
Fach plate is formed with wo wwalis. (2) and (2) con- formed ne yertectly Me ncibe Uy. the ree are tend The patent contains 26 claims, in all of which the term a kala
alructad referably, of a single continuous, sheet, nade, of forms he oat f in. this’ way by ‘oxtdtuing the aa galvanic battery” is applied to the invention. Onc of the more gen-
hf J. yah . In an a ne" 7 Vl : q feast ‘ H i
ot ji fel, In, thtekinesscand bent at Its Dottom around suits o€ tron, ike rerrous, cditoride, msy" ae inched 4 eral claims is as follows: “In a reversible galvanic battery * alkaline
pital dros (team, whet extend the vertical Seth the gripiitg an wen, plnced fn an alkali + Gleetrolyte, a conducting support carrying finely divided ifon wite
ye: a y 4 vhs and fer : * Sat ii
Eee ete ee ae eee coencicg realty however are nor ta Boot ont of the tines, tbe ; charged, another conducting support comprising a receptacle having
between the vertical thames G4). the walls ‘yea Mt or ron teoused ‘slnee the quantity. of When the aul bide v elastic walls,and an oxide of a specific magnetic metal other than iron
ROGER Tenge erg Nr mm CN igh Oia Ak Ra “carve within nd reenact and one
4 oa i . p . e ce . A y Y ishi
oo tue in inte ,firefer 10 tse hlekel In thy eo. the solution to penetrate’ the innss 2 ee vartae mm i an electric pressure, said oxide being capable of furnishing oxygen
by eleetrle, oxitation “in ‘au allatine solution. trou,” ot fron Aven wen nei: divided, an prodieed by electre: | 'E) Toe the oxidation of the iron on discharge.” In other claims the
her hand, $s slightly oxldized under these condi. lytle i My dint fs ivi i i stituted i.
tous ig » inde . lyUe reduction, does “not of Itself oxidiz ed oxide of iron are substitute
nertectie pha Lig so eatrabte but Ie very, carefully nnd” of the fised alkalioy, and the oxide of fron is Hot tp. i words ferrous aries oe au ei ots the addition of the FIGS. 1, 2 AND 3-—DETAILS OF EDISON STORAGE BATTERY, ,
for the duatructon of etther Ay be used antleractorlt [reclatily walubtc. Com pacts, dense, or hon-porou iron— “a for finely divided iron, and in some claims with | f auahatly, te , !
. < ay i ¥ ro parte! he: : } fae dni i i § A rT
Obelously tho, frames @ and a) tiny ig and a wong jected to. a powerful ely, ine, nan ticles when aul : words flake graphite intimately mixed therewit! imilar We ‘ forming part of this specification, and |.
ar utlicr [nore tatoriat, taawhiel tao nertok hard m bye small quantity of a soluble ferrate of the alkall ani oR words oxide of nickel are substituted for specific magnetic nctal, in ; bes
alice ot th Camlatueds’ Secured. to gue Ge beth ee ie ded’ tron binned as’ dewcriied when subjected sty 1 j Jaims also with the addition of the flake graphite clause. in which— ‘ ‘
Mocks, 6 ry ce "adjacent. Gf Insulated spacing clectrolytic oxidation docs not form We le tenrate , aac ote - # Fig. 1 is a face vig of one of the plates, having three pockets oe
blocks (G6) to prevent adjacent plates from touching hut Is converted Into the insoluble ferrous oxide, My ial ing the front wall partly broken away, Fie 3
call ite gmanutneture of “my Yee. oxidizable clement aanane, Ondlzable element a therefore absolutely : In my application for letters patent, filed Oct. 31, 1900 an Na. receptacles, eee i : ee : a Yes plan showing two of
in a reversible galvante ecll 1 first preferab); electrolyte. ont OF tho battary the ‘ i i ibl Ivanic cell w erein the a section on fhe it sina 7 i
{ake imonosuiphide of tron and red yy electrolyte fs not changed at any stage of the worklug, 34 I describe an improved reversible go ‘ ‘ ‘ inati ig. 4an enlarged detail
oreration “until the pactette feduce Moby - aly and. absolutely no, deterioration “of ‘the fron ‘element # eal, cadmium and copper are employed as the elements in an the plates forming a single combination, and Fig. 4 al 4 |
rough a sercen haying avout 40,000 opening: y : p
ineh, and Th ane BS per BqULTE inving described the advantages and cl ( 7 "hich I secured a very perma- section.
af the Howdered molasuipite witheab Darts, by welght, of and the preferred, manner of making. The ee iGteite f alkaline electrolyte, m nd by bod of wh f the electrolyte are In all of the above views corresponding parts arc represented by the
Welgltt of Inika Weaiite: ta ate ead ee Eee es, lament, reference wilt now be made fo the preterred ; nent cell, one wherein the initial and final states of the clectroly’®
flan the verforntfons in the walls of the pockets ene hid fcvo discovered by CO ccent pe tig cell, | 4 the same, and, finally, one which was capable of storing a greater same numerals of reference.
: o ; i ; ‘ i? . 7 : Y
‘ cr cle: uke graptlte being exccedlugly thin and of nickel and cobalt when in PoE ag Wer guntse ‘ amount of energy per pound of cell than batteries commercially used Each plate is formed with tw
7 e of durability. My present in- ably, of a single continuous sheet, ade, p eg
nickel—say, about .005 ofan inch in thickness—and bent at its bo!
tom around a horizontal frame 3, from which extend the vertical
‘o walls 1 and 2, constructed, prefer-
made, preferably, of very thin sheet-
wires.(8), : \ 4 : A
of the Al, guteaded through the openings the'-products of the reaction, fiterlng off the Mould, “| copper in.these batteries
of large area gives nn extensive conductlug surface }
Proportion to its bulk vols! 1 ce In tu au alkaline solution can be alm é ‘
Inointened with a oo per ent solutlon of tolassle lpdrox: fyllcolly ‘than ds possible. by ‘ele rol oxtdation. cfecina: | before that time for the same degre ure
y an y a y chemles r x tht, A H i -
We Siiae aetbereeearsieistta Merceemanamae | eben Gate ust’ Sulfa ie oc | -| vention is dvgned to futher Hate er the energy to the exter
ool, Owhig to the wi ¢ ud Y ie e, and availing my: i - i to deliver the ¢ ry ‘ ‘
{Re misturs packs toa hard, Gorane meee theca: aah ot tte constructed Th oxpaeiratoring element. ‘car ,_- | Parison to the stored energy and to spacing-frames 4 4, to all of which frames the sheet is secured by |
of electrolytic gassing therefore dovs not disintegrate perma rae gapaclty. Of Uant welght, and of eb 4 circuit at a higher rate. ; + i f nickel rivets, as shown, to form a strong rigid hollow plate,
the, mua as a Whole when properly compressed, ‘Attar fa apmicelsily wolwble In an “alkaline electrolytes nd: {4 Ta the alkaline zineate type of battery as commercially used, so far means © el rivets as sree the vertical frames 4 4. The walls
: je has been tightly packed with both nickel ee tm : 3 lusivel the with pockets or-receptacles betw
1o'mass almost to ita top o wad of asticstos ab ekel and cobatt give nearly tho sama voltage z s I know, copper oxide has heretofore been used exclusively as ith Wi holes ar-
He ging almost te er'(), in tse; tnt since nickel Is less expensl 3 1 COPD ie di ‘ : c, ag shown, are perforated with small ho
i ihe Docket or reoptacle Above the aise introduced q| preter to. wee “proceed ‘ot malt “forthe thin Scab oxygen-furnishing element when the bis 7 Eames i i ee ded ‘together, and cach about .o15 of an inch in di-
Ing Is placed n strip of sheet-nickel (7), en. cl i he the oxygen-storing : bei duced tothe metallic state. e only other elements +a : , . os
chveriig. tie gabostos aed fillog th mh clement consists Sn first preelpltating elther the mon. F °. | per being reduced to. ‘ fer to use nickel in the construction of the plates, since |.
‘ M ig the mouth of oxide or black hydrated dloxid ‘ ‘ i le as.substitutes for ameter. I prefer to us: é Ashe ;
4 Made ich strip fa permanently ‘secured in posi- ‘ilo usual way, Washing the. presplinte, tree. trast 4 which. have been sugested oe ee in the electrolytic that metal is not oxidizable by electric oxidation in * ieee ae
4 hown partlewlurl a He ‘ hand, is slightly oxidized under these condi:
ment th i Yerees y nnd drying off the preci DY y . + n, on the other hand, 1s stig! e
in at tus forined meitactedl fo clegtro- hydrated Olde Ie ie, Proopuate ee R ined By “series, such as mercury and silver; but so far as I know, these metals tion Tron, 1 meen
a for use, Either oxide may Ne used with the same re. 7 mt TS, 2 ‘ : he :
corm
i dans de,
Jeri be wet free and combinin ses sults, ‘Th ¥
The pr hoy : 4
ppt hn sh thie gu alee Aes te eae Woe :
i ‘ualon of the alkallue sulphide out fake iar aes tantimately” oner aga ‘nol mee
re rere
Ty 2
arte rr wrrenry: arg
ween ter teers
Pe arene ene aire
|
2nen treet epasece aes ee
pei eta
with 2 small quantity of a strong solution of potassle
hyuroxide, so ag to “dampen the imasg, which ts then
inserted fn the pockets or receptacles of the proper
plates Jo sinal) quantities at a. tlme and thorougals
tamped at each acecssion, Finally the mnss ts covered
with a layer of asbestos, held in place hy a plate of
nickel seewred In position by nlekel wires, as 1 have
deserled in explaining the make-up of the oxidizable
element, The plates, the pockets of which are thus
supplied with the nilxture of the hydrated oxide and
graphite, ure then iumersed In a solution of potassie
hydroxide in water and subjected for a consilerble
time to an oxldizing-current ‘of about 50 milliamperes
per square Inch of surface, during which the oxide I
clther raised to u higher stage of oxidation thin the
black oxide (Ni, Os) or else acts ag an absorber of oxyyen
In some manner unknown to me, Whatever the aeton
may be, the oxide go treated ucts as a most eilleleut
axygen-storing element for commerclat use In gil
yunle buttery,
She object of em Hoy ing graphite, which Is not af-
fected by electrolytic oxidation, Is to offer a reat ex+
tent of surface against whieh the whole of the oxlite Is
In contact, a large conductlng-surfuce belng necessary
wince the electro tle reductlon and oxidatlon for pracy
tleal purposes only extend a small distance from the
conducting surface against which the oxide Js {no coutuct.
‘This ts admirably eltected by the use of kraphite Tn los
micaceous fori, the proportions Indleated being such
us to practleally Ingure that the electrolytic action need
F hot penctrate a greater distance from the contuct-surtice
than the thickness of a single particle of the powdered
oxtde. Burthermore, there ls no focal netlon between
4 the nickel or cobalt oxides and the graphite,
The renson why nickel hydrate is preferably ted
Instead of other compounds of nickel Is that the met!
Itself when finally divided (as obtained by reducing
nickel compound by hydrogen or clectrolysls)
.¥ oxidizable to any const erable extent when suber
Ato electrolyte oxidation in an alkaline solution. The
sulphide of nickel Is not decomposed by electrolvsls
sy} under the conditions of battery work, and the sulphide
of cobalt only Imperfectly. Mence the hydrates are
the niost avallable compounds for use, since they do
hot become Inert to the same extent as hydrates of the
oxides of Iron after drying; they are easily’ prepared, and
by absorbing the solution they’ swell withly the povketa
or receptactes, 80 18 to Insure Intimate contact and
stabiltty, During the charglag of the cell the absorption
of oxygen by the oxide of nickel or cobalt causes the
oxide to further awell and bulge the pockets or re-
veptacles outwardly, and on dixcharge a DProportionare
'g contraction takes place, In order that the walls of the
pockets or receptacles may always mualntain the desbrable
intiate contact with the active materitt, the pockets
& are, as stated, made of some lighiy elistle metal, sich
ag bard-rolied sheet-nickel, go that at each contraction of
the tase the pocket-wally Will by thelr elasticity kee!
gontict therewith, ns ctele elustletty pea
dlaving constructed the two elements of the battery
as above explained, they are preferably utilized to-
gether In a solution of 25 ‘per cent, of potassle hydroxhte
Ja water, and the ‘celi dy ready for use, and when
charged the fron fs In the metallic form and the nickel
ur cubaltt oxide {6 raked to the superperoxide BU
Owlng to several obscure reactions which take pl:
when the battery Is dlacharged, and also ton “oth
oC Feslutance within the electrodes, the voltnge 18
sarlable; but the average voltage over the whole dls
charge is nbout one volt, rising as tig ux 132 volts,
aud sometinies Uigher, wien freshly ehurged, .
ty Improved battery ean be overcharged, fully dls.
charged, or cyen reveraed and charged In the opposite
3 ditecuion without any Injury. Overgassing does not dig:
y turd the Initia? gtate of the’ inaterlals in the pockets, all
a tae Ingredients are Insoluble, the supporting-plutes are
unatiacked by wleetrolytle Oxidution, anu the whole
operation ta independent of the strength of the solu
{ Mon, so that the battery Ix ot great permanence, white
a wena, ite, more chergy WUl be stored per unit
ot ele folore sues Ke Dermaient practeal comblun-
constructed a battery as above described
Kc sun available etoruge capaelty of one 5
hower-hour for 73 pounds Welgut; Dut Te unay Honeee
ighter Without destroylug fis berpianent character,
an fhe specitic magnetic inetals are Iron, nlekel and
s an It. By the expression “oxlde-of a specie magnetle
f; tat other then jron” ag employed In my clalma 1 mean
vx ite Gf nickel, oxide of cobuit, or a combination ot
mace ezideu, Ly the une of that expresulon it Is wy ware
: titted Guyurace aud Include generically both of these
at uy Hot claim herein the new de e
i prising, au electrolytically aetive este a i Raa
; beaten fo t rinmrtarn Drondty, such depolarizer
3 by me, wherelu the electrolyte Tomas weaned
atl tunes: and whereln Doth the “agtive niutenvais’ ais
v dosoluble tu ull conditions of use, 1 ry dof elnlan be ln
s fuel depotarizer, broudly, rt) "coubluntion neers
P duuteriods, ip my present applies
; Mon 2 eclatn the new 9. ¢ ole: sates
£3 xidizable element per we
‘4 In combination. wit ty alias, arse.
j ia aR With the new depolarizer, Ciating, dest,
b NeW Uepolirizer per ge; secondly, if :
polarizer when used tn a battery ic he ew tye 1S
emted by ime, and, dually, sch depolarier ft echt:
i} . e Hully, on such depolarize:
bination with’ any suitable’ oxidizable cement nee ots
i) WM wy -appiteation for lett 8} tent ated ‘ay made
a4 date herewith (Case No. 1,061) ‘ag eit Hott ot nye et
¢ a vision of an; ye
(et pileatlon Med March J, 91, Serial Now sq op ee
ilig present case Ig also'a diVisi ving Onan ot ce
Iyticully active oxide of cobitt.” fed nat Ob An cluctro-
J, Wve ft used as om depolnarl
rena 0! polarizer
%, quude in my application dled March 1, IW, Sertat
laving now described my Invention, w
new, ‘ jt le What I clatin ag
ion desire to secure by letters patent, (8 ag fol-
+ An active oxtdizatle clement for
fort nel UR crn tall od
Hed thereby anda ee Ainely divided Iron care
ing subitaieally "ab ant of belug oxidized on discharge
Hn active oxldizable clement fo vi
pinta battery, comprising a conducting support en i
Riptide “any GRugeGtYE, mel dhs
wapabio ee ates ron carried there):
‘| set forth Ing oxidized on dlscharging, substantially
M gctlve oxidizable element for a
reve: +
nie a aaa, aan aa
eetroly tte: i
uivide {ron carried {hereby capable of Betas
an celine ack gana "natn
. c zable clemen: aly
et Sadan totem cote
and capable of bein Th Cha reh ne guereh:
tly, set forth ng veoxldized on charging, aubsine
» An active deoxklizable ol
pivonle battery, comprising a “conductors Hupp le
iat nti cata Set Shag ate, and
ber, tled thereby capa
tues deoxidlzed on charging, substant! ally pare
& An active deoxldizant
Birante battery, comprleing a cae fOr ei pore wale
Qaida, carried thor Culs, and, fuely Ufetde
tiaretng, substantially ne ry forepens “eoxldized “on
* coxtdizable cienient’ e
pete, fatvante iatterys compelattyg a ca qnlkaline i
por, an oxide of Iron carted” thorolve eect.
ms - aN, . y
a aes
ferrous
= ae 3
ARLE DT ESTE NTR RST AAP
Iytieally reducible to the metallle state upon charghiy,
substantially us set forth, f reveralble
‘An active deoxtdizablo element for a
4 ting support anc
rlalng ‘a conduc! Support _
galvanic battery, cot
of iinkeésc inert conduct a
Sete of Iron carried thereby «! etrolytleally res
duelble to {te metallic state upon charging, substantlally
ag set forth, Ibk
9 An nective deoxtdlzable clement for a reversible
galvanle battery, comprising a conducting support anil
i mixture of Hake graphite and an oxide of fron ene
rled thereby. clectrolytleally reduciite to the meta le
state upon charging, sutbatantinlly aa i forth ination
v" je baticl
10, In a reversible galvan! 0 ana
of an electrolyte which resnalns uncha
conditions of working, and two clements thereln In-
soluble jn stich clectralyte, the oxldizable element hay-
Ing for Its active material electrolytically active, Mnely-
divided fron, substantially ag set” forth.
1. Ina reveralbte geivante battery, an alkaline elec:
trotyte, a conducting support carrylng tinely divided fron
when charged, and another conducting support carry lig
an oxide of a speciile magnetic metal other than brow
aut capable of furnishing oxygen for the oxidation of
the fron on dlacharge, substantially as sect forth,
12, Jna reveralble galvante battery, an alkaline electro.
Iyte, a conducting support carrylng tinely divided oxlilg
of fron when dlacharged, and another conducting sup
port vying an oxide of a specitte magnetic meta
other than Jron and capable, of storing oxygen oy
charging, substantlally ag set forth,
13, Inn reversible galvanic battery, an alkaline clectr
Iyte, comtucting support earrylng tucly-divided tro,
when charged, auother conducting support carrylog ry
oxide of n specific amagnetic metal other than rom
and capable of furnlaing oxygen for the oxidation o
the Iron on discharge, aud an Inert conducting materia
intlnately mixed. with sald oxide, substantially ap se!
forth, :
Ina reversible galvanic battery, an alkaline clectro:
nu conducting support carrylng dnely divided troy
w charged, another conductlig support carrying ay.
oxide of n specie magnetic metal other than fron and
capalie of furnishing oxygen for the oxidation of the
iron on discharge, and flake graphite inthmately mixed
wlth sald oxide, substantially as set forth,
15. Jn a reveralble galyante battery,.an alkaline electro
lyte, a conducting support carrying Mnely divided tron
when charged, au inert conductlag material Intimately'
ELECTRICAL ILLUMINATION OF THE AGRICULIU
mixed with sald Ouely divided iron, anoth
er .
HA eae er ata Pit 8} pecllie mut potty gta
me of furnishing oxygen for the
oxidation of the fron on discharge, i.
oauiatly ‘ ound wu Inert con
im seu forth Met With suid oxide, substantially
] Ma reversible galvanic battery, an alk ¢ cle a
yey a conducting support carrylig inely divided dey
inely “aivided’ trou, Sanpenge MenGaEelY sxed wht, wad
Ing an oxide of a spectile n netie ‘metal pther thee
Iron capable of furnishin; Ryeeu for the osteo
the fron on discharge rh reer ry eaphlts. Garena
rata gzlde tuba is ue act ee tap hite mnixed with
7. bveraibie galvanic buttery, an alk , e
hs aneee and MMe ie ua aac
oxlde of utcket capable of f shine ogtoun “airy ing
oe of furnishing oxygen for’ the
raldation of the Iron on discharge substautlally os set
18, In a reversible Ralyanle b;
att
cre of oh RASH AGT ca tht
ax i a another conduct
ronpert carrylng an oxide of nlekel, substantially ae Bet
19. Inn reversible
fiectrolyte, 4 conduetin
rou charged, another, cond!
earrylng oxide of nickel hay ‘hen cl
wi 1 having, when char,
pelcally, more oxygen than NiO, substant!
20, In in reversible
se Balvanic by if
figctrolste, a conducting support cara duety ahatiae
ring’ hydrated “ont another conducting support car.
ping le of nickel, substantially aa set
2, In a reversible v4
dn Balvanic by, .
fiectroly yte, f conducting support nays duely anntne
atte ts Mena another conductlng support carr: n
bearers ite er capable of furnishing, oxygen for th
duately anhe tren on dlacharge, and flako graphite t
punt sald oxide, substantially ag «
fe
22. In 9 reversiule ; ate
J salvante
clectroly te, a conductin support canes dinel aka
port carving ta oxlde of raga fete, conducting
rnin Y , tlshy
font mixed with sald oxide, substantinty J
3. In a reversible 4
electrolyte, a conductin, Folate engi
«fron whon charred, another conducting
uxido~or™ nickel bavi
nore oxyRen than a is wien ing
myged with gald oxtde, substanttaly
} In a roversible galvanle,
seraue
electrolyte, 2 conductin;
fron when charged, ano
a hydrated oxlde of nlcke}
mixed with said oxide,
25.-In a reversiblo
electrolyte, a ‘conductin
Iron
-prising a receptacle }
of a specific magnetl
within sald recep
With an clastle p
furnishing oxygen
charge, substantial
20. In a reversal
electrolyte,
aside ot Aron, when dlseh
ort comprising are
an oxida of ni Sinner
carried within
walla with an clastic
oxygen on charging, su
of uit speciiicatton sign
i
support carrylug fine!
ee conducting # fine
AKO Ret
“aubatantinily ag
iS aupport car;
another condued
ving clastic wall
ic metal other th.
for the oxidat!
"a8 Aet forth,
Ne galyante “batt
support ecarrylig fin
another cond
tle mistal “tien
‘al other ti
receptacle and: enga, '
resstire nud en)
nstantinily ne 6
ed and witness
THO!
speclfic magne
-. Aenrrine
4
Ly atlvlde|
support carry iu!
inthinatel:
‘alkalings
Ing fnely divided
& support con
an alkalin
feraed
Bp.
tig nid
han trop
ged by the
pable of storing
8 i7th da,
; EDISON.”
|
!
tad
galvanic battery’
eral claims is as v
electrolyte, a conducting sup
T
issue of July 6 appeared th
JW seindie ate ae Edison storage battery,
in full the specification o
which was issued July 16,
in greater part, the American pa!
and has an added interest from the
matter of other applications now in
same type of battery.
The patent contains 26 claims, in | ;
"is applied to the inventior
follows: “Ina reversible ga
port carrying finely
+ t comprising a
conducting suppor! i
charged, another cherie
elastic walls, and an oxide of a specific
carried within said re J
an electric orotate os
oxidation of the 1! :
Dornier oxide, or fincly divided o
for finely divided iron,
words flake graphite. int
words oxide of nickel are substi
some claims also with the addition o
Edison Storage
—
In my application for letters paterit,
34,904, I describe an improved reversi
metals, cadmium and copper are emp
alkaline electrolyte, and by means of wi
nent cell, one wherein ¢!
the same, and, finally,
amount of energy per pound of cell
before that time for the same
yention is designed to furt!
parison to the stored energy an
circuit at a higher rate.
In the alkaline zincate type
as I know, copper oxide has heretofore
oxygen-furnishing element w!
per heing reduced to .the mel
which have been suggested and
copper in. these batteries have bee!
‘series, such as mercury and silvers bi
ceptacle and engage
ide being capable
on discharge.”
tide of iron are
ms with the addition of the
Similarly, the
tie metal, in
graphite clause,
and in some claii ;
imately mixed therewith.
ubstituted for specific magne
f the flake
Battery.
he specifications of an English pat-
and we print below
nited States patent,
ns are identical
e full in detail,
f the corresponding U e
While the two specificatio:
tent is somewhat mor: t
references given to the subject
the Patent Office relating to the
in all of which the term “reversible
n. One of the more gen-
Ivanic battery an alkaline
divided iron when
receptacle having
tal other than iron
) oxid should be as low or lower
‘have not been satisfactori ly or commercially ut ized on nema
the difficulties arising from their application in alkaline . e pt deel ie
as well as because of their expense, especially in regard to ’
which metal possesses the further disad vantage ©: be
in the electrolyte when subjected to oxidation. I have sone Learn
great many experiments for an clement or camsbonrd ee 24 cel :
i i Kkaline electrolyte, the heat of formation OF ' !
parent eae than that of oxid of mercury, and} .
in this I have been successful, the result kel Boe jana gre
ishi idizable element is-
element for furnishing the oxygen to the oxidiza Hoa
i eater freedom than oxid of mercury, wh t
Se pensive, is of less weight, is of
same time the new element. is less ex, : ess We i
greater permanency, and finally is of greater insolubility in the pant
trolyte. I have also sought by experiment for an bees seth ae
to cadmium as the oxidizable element on discharge, with the obje
in view of further reducing ¢!
have discovered an clement for the pu
characteristics, As a result a reversi
the new elements is of great permanence,
; ive, and i ‘eat power. :
digas lice ae dor supported by hollow per-
| The elements are preferably carrie : 0
> lforated plates, forming receptacles or pockets, which are illustrated
rpose possessing these desirable, ae
ble galvanic cell equipped peal
is relatively light and inex)
an
1
1
t
{e
—
03 Se
—
‘3
“ES Se
o
3
neeresa“g
om me
a
a
d by the walls thereof with
filed Oct. 31, rie See
i ic cell. wherein ; 2 oe
Near ike elements in an the plates forming a single combination,
ee ere nice iytenre seen al ding parts are represented by the
1 states of the electr
of storing a greater
ies commercially used
ability. My present in-
eight of the cell in com~
he energy to the exterior
fhe initial and final
one which was capable
| than’ batter:
degree of du
her lighten the w
d to deliver t
i i d, so far
of battery as commercially used,
been used exclusively as the
Seige una ranged very closely together, and each ab
The only other elements
hen the batte:
i 7 use construction |
jtutes for ameter. I prefer to ty aan oxidation a
tallic state.
would be available as. substi of
nm those lower in the electrolytic
uit so far as I know, these metals
Serial No. receptacles, showin
of furnishing oxygen
In other claims the
substituted
U Oo & .
Fics. I, 2 AND 3.— DETAILS OF EDISON STORAGE BATTERY. |
ae t . ’ d
‘Yn the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, an
in which—
ig, ris a face vicyy of one of the
erase g the front wall partly br
Fig. 3 is a
plates, having three pi
a section on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1.
In all of the above views correspon
with two walls 1 and 2,
D i d
OT eel made, preferably, of very
; a t
bly, of a single continuous shee , ma p
labeled) about 005 of an inch in thicknes ;
tom around a horizontal frame 3, from whicl ‘cere ae
spacing-frames 4 4, to all of which frames the sheet }
i i to forma
s of nickel rivets, as shown, .
swith pockets or-receptacies between the vertical frames 4 4.
1 and 2 of the plate, as shown, are perfor
nickel in the construct
that metal is not oxidiz
i Tron, on the oth dized under these con
tion. Iron, ed ‘wider tne
hand, is slightly oxi
jockets or
oken away. Fig. 2 is
plan showing two of
and Fig. 4.an enlarged detail
same numerals of reference. seaesea iden
thin sheet-
s—and bent at its bot-
h extend the vertical
d by
strong rigid hollow plate,
The walls
rated with small holes ar-
out ors of an inch in di-
ton of the plates, since
an alkaline solu-
vantage cf being quite soluble, ee
he weight and cost of the cell, and Ij.
d
cee ee
\
1
|
Y
oF
i. wd.
renee ret
peer meer hge
2ST
|
|
bereriser
tions and is not so desirable; but if very carefully and aariecty
plated with nickel it may be used satisfactorily for the construction 0
either the plates or the frames, Obviously the frames 3 ber 4 Hs
be, and in some instances preferably are, constructed of hard rubber
or other inert material, to which the perforated sheet is riveted, as
explained. Secured to one or both of the sides of the plate are a
number of insulated spacing blocks 5 § to prevent adjacent plates
from touching when immersed in the electrolyte. -
In the manufacture of my new oxidizable element for use in a ree
yersible galvanic cell I first preferably take monosulfid of iron a
reduce it by a crushing operation until the particles thereof may :
passed through a screen having about 40,000 openings per square inch,
and I intimately mix about cight parts, by weight, of the powdered
monosulfid with about two parts, by weight, of flake graphite of a size
considerably larger than the perforations in the walls of the pockets
or receptacles, Flake graphite being exceedingly thin and of large
area gives an extensive conducting-surface in proportion to its bulk
and weight. This mixture is then moistened with a 20 per cent solu-
tion of potassic hydroxid, and the dampened mass is packed ‘into the
pockets or receptacles of the proper plates by a suitable tamping-tool,
Owing to the want of flexibility of the graphite, the mixture packs to
a hard porous mass. The effect of electrolytic gasing therefore docs
not disintegrate the mass as a whole when properly compressed. After
each pocket or receptacle has been tightly packed with the mass al-
most to its top a wad of asbestos fiber 6, about a quarter of an inch
in thickness, is introduced into the pocket or receptacle above the
mass, and on top of this packing is placed a strip of sheet-nickel 7,
entirely covering the asbestos and filling the mouth of the pocket,
which strip is permanently secured in position by nickel wires 8,
threaded through the openings near the top of the pocket, as shown
particularly in Fig. 2. The element thus formed is subjected to
electrolytic oxidization in a solution of potassic hydroxid, whereby
sulphur will be set free and combining with the alkali forms a sulfid
of potassium, which diffuses out of the mass, while the iron is con-
verted to a ferrous oxid thereof, This diffusion of the alkaline sulfid
out of the plate is hastened and facilitated by subjecting the contents
of the plate to alternate oxidization and reduction by alternately re-
versing the oxidizing current, and by several of these operations the
whole of the sulphur will be eliminated and the element will be ready
for use after the iron has been reduced to the metallic state. Since
iron does not decompose water, there will obviously be no local ac-
tion between it and the graphite. The oxid formed from the sulfid
increases in bulk and being intermediately mixed with the graphite
produces considerable pressure on the walls of the plate, which pre-
vents any disturbance of the initial state of the mass even when it is
subjected to strong gasing within the pores by overcharging the cle~
ment electrically, The object of using the monosulfid is to secure
the greatest amount of iron oxid in the smallest space and in a form
capable of being reduced to the metallic state electrolytically.
My attempts to utilize iron as the oxidizable element in an alkaline
reversible battery were for a long time frustrated’ by the facts, de-
termined only after exhaustive experiments, that dried oxids or iron
were not reducible to any extent by the current; that spongy iron re-
duced by hydrogen from different iron‘salts was not oxidizable to
any considerable extent by the current; that the hydrates of iron
were very bulky and difficult of use without drying, which operation
effected some obscure change therein to render them nearly inert in
the presence of the reducing current; that butky ferric oxid was not
capable of any considerable reduction by the current, and, finally, that
ferrous oxid, though easily reducible, was very difficult to prepare on
account of atmospheric oxidation. The formation of the ferrous oxid,
in the first instance, within the pockets or receptacles did away with
the objections due to the bulk of the hydrates, while the oxid thus
formed in perfectly reducible by the current. Instead of forming the
oxid in this way by oxidizing the monosulfid in an alkaline solution,
it will be obvious that salts or iron, like ferrous chlorid, may be packed
with the graphite and when placed in an alkaline solution form chlorid
of the alkali and ferrous oxid of iron, the alkaline.chlorid diffusing
out of the mass. The results, however, are not so good as when the
sulfid of iron is used, since the quantity of finely divided iron pro-
duced thereby is considerably less and is also less porous, offering,
therefore, a reduced opportunity for the solution to penetrate the
mass and lowering in consequence its current-conducting capacity,
Metallic iron, even when finely divided, as produced by clectrolytic
reduction, does not of itself oxidize in solutions of the fixed alkalies,
and the oxid of iron is not appreciably soluble. Compact, dense or
non-porous iron, i. ¢., iron having relatively large particles, when sub-
j owerful electrolytic oxidation forms a small quantity of.
cnr fartale of the alkali and dissolves in the electrolyte. , On aa
other hand, finely divided iron obtained as described wien, subjecte
to electrolytic oxidation docs not form a soluble ferrous oxid. My
improved oxidizable element is therefore absolutely Tere so
that in the operation of the battery. the electrolyte is not changed at
any stage of the working, and absolutely no deterioration of the iron
: kes place, ; i
OTL aiediaiied the advantages and characteristics of and the pre-
ferred manner of making the oxidizable element, reference will now
be made to the preferred oxygen furnishing or storing clement of the
cell, . : te :
T have discovered by experiment that the lower oxids of nickel and
cobalt when in contact with a conductor in an alkaline solution can
be almost wholly raised from this lower to a higher stage of oxidation
electrolytically than is possible by chemical means and that these
higher oxids revert to a lower stage by reduction with extreme case,
and availing myself of this fact I have constructed an oxygen-storing
element capable of great capacity, of light weight, and of high perma-
nence, Neither the oxid of nickel nor of cobalt is apprecifbly soluble
in an alkaline electrolyte, and both nickel and cobalt give nearly the
same voltage in use; but since nickel is less expensive than cobalt I
prefer to use the former clement for the purpose.
The preferred process of making the oxygen-storing element con-
sists in first precipitating either the monoxid or black hydrated di-
oxid of the metal—say nickel—in’ the usual way, washing the pre-
cipitate free from the products of the reaction, filtering off the liquid,
and drying off the precipitate, The resulting dried hydrated oxid
is then powdered very fine and is ready for use. Either oxid may be
used with the same results, The process above outlined applies to co-
balt as well as to nickel. About seven parts, by weight, of the finely
powdered hydrate and three parts, by weight, of flake graphite are
then intimately mixed and moistened with a smail quantity of a strong
solution of potassic hydroxid, so as to dampen the mass, which is then
inserted in the pockets or receptacles of the proper plates in small
quantities at a time and thoroughly tamped at each accession. Fin-
ally the mass is covered with a layer of asbestos, held in place by a
plate of nickel secured in position by nickel wires, as I have described
in explaining the make-up of the oxidizable clement. The plates, the
pockets of which are thus supplied with the mixture of the hydrated
oxid and graphite, are then immersed in a solution of potassic hy-
droxid in water and subjected for a considerable time to an oxidizing
current of about 50 milliamperes per square inch of surface, during
which the oxid is either raised to a higher stage of oxidation than the
black oxid (Ni,Os) or else acts as an absorber of oxygen is some
manner unknown to me. Whatever the action may be, the oxid so
treated acts as a most efficient oxygen-storing clement for commercial
use in a galvanic battery. :
The object of employing graphite, which is not affected by clectro-
lytic oxidation, is to offer a great extent of surface against which the
whole of the oxid is in contact, a large conducting surface being
necessary, since the electrolytic reduction and oxidation for practical
purposes only extend a small distance from the conducting surface
against which the oxid is in contact. This is admirably effected by
the use of graphite in its micaceous form, the proportions indicated
being such as to practically insure that the electrolytic action need not
penetrate a greater distance from the contact surface than the thick-
ness of a single particle of the powdered oxid. Furthermore, there
is no local action between the nickel.or cobalt oxids and the graphite.
The reason why nickel hydrate is:preferably uscd instead of other
compounds of nickel is that the metal-itself when finally divided (as
obtained by reducing a nickel compound by hydrogen or electrolysis)
. is not oxidizable to any considerable extent when subjected to elec-
trolytic oxidation in an alkaline solution, The sulfid of nickel is not
decomposed by electrolysis under the conditions of battery work, and
the sulfid of cobalt only imperfectly. Hence the hydrates are the
most available compounds for -use, since they do not become inert
to the same extent as hydrates of the oxids of iron after drying, they
are easily prepared, and by absorbing the solution they swell within
the pockets or receptacles, so as to insure intimate contact and sta-
bility. During the charging of the cell the absorption of oxygen by
the oxid of nickel or cobalt causes the oxid to further swell and bulge
the pockets or receptacles outwardly, and on discharge a proportionate
contraction takes place. In order that the walls of the pockets or
receptacles may always maintain the desirable intimate contact with
the active material, the pockets. are, as stated, made of some highly-
elastic metal, such as hard-rolled sheet nickel, so that at each.con-
'"; out of cells of the type mention
; “perceptible quantities
‘iby a chemical Process
“A ally
—Perers.—An illist a ] ee
Ee Ba —An illustrated article he’ fir
aes a review a Kennelly’s A, I, E, E paper, and then makes the
sas ba critical reniarks, When. discharged in 314 hours with a,
a = ue 299 eas per square decimeter, the Edison cell!
vatt-hours per kilogram .of cell. is giv
pere-hours, as the average volt fen reeae
current is therefore 8,1 amperes,
ampere per square decimeter it is th
face of the electrodes is 9 square de
toe prea hand he has obtained 260.04 watt-hours in
ahh ischarge of an ordinary traction cell of 12.75 ki
gram weight, i, c, 20.39 watt-hours i oh Weight Ocal
n we . 5 ner kilogram of weigt
(which is considerably more t} weed ic
Han stated by Kennelly, who sai by
d 0 aid thai
| prea at lead battery gives 88 to 13.23 watt-hours ‘per illowrati).
i aiekes peal of 334 hours the capacity is still greater. The ene
tga Ee 0.4 pabriaed was obtained with a discharge current of
sci a ties an ee surface of 48 square decimeter.
ensity was therefore 1 am i ;
% pere per square dec ;
ee spits surface in Square decimeter per Gleam of ‘veiglt
j oe abe ae in order to obtain 30.85 watt-hours, a i :
fa clectrodes of 5.67 square decimete, silog " weight
‘ fs required for the lead accumulator NS eee eis
ane, cell, An. Edison nickel-iron cell must therefore be con- |
Peon a than a fead accumulator, in order to give the same
acne he ata In general, it will be necessary to increase the
een “ S$ for traction batteries, as the atttomobile motor needs |”
ee a ee the average discharge voltage of the Edison
Rae 4 +1 volts against 1.95 volts in the ordinary lead accumu.
eee } aces whether the large space required for the
cas ae he Edison cell is easily available in automobiles, He
aus aes vac weait is saved in the new Edison cell, and
F at the specific gravity of nickel j 76
Slate i ickel is 85 to 89, steel 7,
Sianehine at ie oe a He says that elericie ane
a aterially injure tl H
oe o Jute the modern a
‘lead-accumulator Provided they do not form the rule Hein wie
. ed 250 to 130 i ad of 48
Lee : 50 amperes in
! eee 2 longer time, at small intervals ae about aa a oe
not detect any decrease of the capacity. It ig doubted
ei ¢
For a current density of 0,93
erefore necessary that the sur}
age of discharge js 1.1} the discharge.
cimeter per kilogram of weight
against 9 square demiceter for |..
whethe f A
pecan i uae cell will be able to give out abnormall high
« e the lead cell. Th istivi ; eae
ae Ne resistivity of potassi g ide |
e eae eee sulphuric acid and “the rie ern
“} equal that of the ordi ily are
cine i nary accumulator. Especially :
ae ae poheetradis of the Edison accumulator vane Hae a i
Bee ie wales of the plates in the Edison accumulator iz :
eh sit oe hone ae complicated than in the Yead
3 enne! rei “id |
ae lead cell are said to be too ten ee Se ge ser
other ha y wi fe a a Hee
nae Ai be will be somewhat too smalt for the Biiso a a
! at all inactive in alkaline solutions, but is dlaeiend ie
k ved i
‘He quent et as soon as it becomes anode during dischar, "
SaNSU Monee of the active material in itself
ithe ae stand out in heavy charges ai i
ment that finely divided nickel which has Pie snle
ained |, +
cannot be changed into peroxide by electro-} -
Onl ee agree with experiments which h
er proofs are Stven, he doubts that electrically ee
ve iron
:¢an be obtained only from iron monosulphide, If this is th ’
at A 4 + ry
nosulphid is the case,
It would be very difficult to charge the Edison cell again after a dis.
harge or after the drying of the negative pole electrodes in the air
C ’
when iron oxides are forme
:
age requi i i
pe vi charging will soon be 2 volts. For that reason the;
aad eee bts Poor, which, however, would not be of | ;
ce for automobile batteri yolution {
the atterics, “A revoluti .
Stine cat battery nranufacture is therefore pot so near iy ia
ibis tiene would wish in the interest of the automobile
¢ direction in which Edison goes is perhaps the right
one, But he has one astray—per Fr to ay 18}
gone:ad fe
; t haps in order ¢ ‘oid a collision .
quite a number of disady.
ed for,"—
lytic Oxygen, does not
d. He thinks it probable that the yolt-|
‘Om competition
American Expos
because Mr,
to the world and
now secrets of ¢
the battery,
The battery exh
100 ampere-hours
: plated, The insul
0.64 inch thick, a
inch thick, The
each containing 24
plate is of nickel
fluid is not an
simply as a conduc
of the batteries, 60
Power, cach plat
W. HL Markgraf,
ment of the Edison
storage-battery line.
"I nent position on a table,
case. Manager Markgra
Hie to explain alf its
hat the people turn from the Ediso
ple turn | Edison booth amazed!
at the possibilities in store for this new Battery
pace is one of the best located in the!
3 and frequently its three open?!
sides are surrounded by visitors listening to the ral i
‘The Edison 5;
Electricity building,
of ‘the Phonographs w
©, {Of the magnificent exh
Thomas A Edison is sojourning
but from time to time wi
to enjoy its beauties,
The Edison stora
Edison is not yet qui
width of the cell is five i
0 ! ve inches, depth, 14 j =
the height 12 inches from base to ‘decile te
The cell is of stecl, ni
‘olts. nickel- ;
ation is perforated hard "rubber, :
te complete is o.1 of an
charging rate is 1.8 volts.
the compound are 0.003 of an
ble steel, perforated, and nick
battery on exhibition has no
element of th
Pan-American Exposition
battery exhibit: “In forw:
battery now on exhibition
Edison’s intention that th
competitively against the
terics, inasmuch as we a:
time to show it working
{able to send up some of
48 to put them in practi
their superiority over..an
tie athe Tt is still
take such an exhibi . i
closing of the eatin eeeAmete
Hundreds of people « Edi
ane ee me leestop at the Edison rite]
ition, This is
he laboratory. j
ibited is of one-ci
and weighs 5% pounds,
as eight plates i
pockets, qi snistaing
inch deep and of cruci-
el-plated. Th ive
ae he negative
alkaline solution. The
tor, In the regular construction
plates will constitute one horse-
¢ weighing one pound.
manager of the exhibit depart-
The pockets containing !
positive of iron. The .
Manufacturing company at the -
has this to say of the
arding the parts of the
at Buffalo, it was not Mr. |
@ same should be entered
other type of storage bat- é
Te not in position at this
Practically, We hope to be |
these batteries complete, so '
cal operation, and to show |
thing of the kind now on !
the company’s intention to!
efore the |
his fatest invention in the
The battery is given a promi-
and is protected by a alass|
f and his assistants are ever
features, and it is evident |
hile inspecting other features
ibit. : '
at Chautatnqua, +
{run up to the exposition |
{
i
ge battery has been wi
g withdrawn !
with other batteries at the Pans :
understood to be |
J ite prepared to give
the jury of awards all of what are ,
nN connection with
iehth horsepower, :
The |
¢ battery, it being used < -
o
traction of the mass the pocket-walls will by their elasticity keep in
contact therewith,
Having constructed the two elements of the battery ‘as above ex-
plained, they are preferably utilized together in a solution of 25 per
cent of potassic hydroxid in water and the cell is ready for use, and
when charged the iron is in the metallic form and the nickel or cobalt
oxid is raised to the Superperoxid stage described,
Owing to several obscure reactions which take place when the bat-
-iery is discharged, and also to a change of resistance within the elec.
trodes, the voltage is variable; but the average voltage over the whole
discharge is about one volt, rising as high as 1.32 volts, and some-
tines higher, when freshly charged.
My improved battery can be overcharged, fully discharged, or even
reversed and charged in the Opposite direction without any injury,
Overgassing does not, disturb the initial state of the materials in the
pockets, all the ingredients are insoluble, the supporting plates are
lnattacked by electrolytic oxidation, and the whole operation is in-
dependent of the strength of the solution, so that the battery is of
Sreat permanence, while at the same time more energy will be stored
per unit of weight than with any permanent practical combination
heretofore suggested.
T have constructed a battery as above described which gives an
available storage capacity of one horse-power-hour for 73 lbs. weight ;
but it may be made lighter without destroying its permanent character,
The specific magnetic metals are iron, nickel and cobalt. By the
expression “oxid of a specific magnetic metal other than iron” as
employed in my claims I mean oxid of nickel, oxid of cobalt, or a
combination of such oxids, By the use of that expression it is my
Purpose to embrace and include Senerically both of these utilized
oxids,
T do not claim herein the new depolarizer ber se comprising an
electrolytically-active oxid of nickel or cobalt, nor do I claim herein
broadly such depolarizer when used in a battery of the improved type
invented by me, wherein the electrolyte remains unchanged at all
tims and wherein both the active materials are insoluble in alt condi-
tions of use, nor do T claim herein such a depolarizer, broadly, in
combination with any suitable oxidizable materials. In my present
application I claim the new oxidizable element fer se and in com-
bination with the new depolarizer, Claims, first, on the new de-
polarizer per se; secondly, on such depolarizer when used in a battery
of the new type invented by me, and, finally, on such depolarizer in
combination with any suitable oxidizable element are made in my ap-
plication for letters patent filed on even date herewith (Case No,
1061) as a division of ny application filed March 1, 1901, Serial No,
49-453, of which the Present case is also a division, Claims on an
electrolytically active oxid of cobalt used as a depolarizer are made
in my application filed March 1, 1901, Serial No, 49,452.
The Alkaline Nickel-oxide Cell,
——
By Prorrssor Atnert L. Marsi,
LTHOUGH the books on Storage batteries do not mention any
cell which uses an oxide of nickel in an alkaline solution as a
depolarizer, it seems that the idea is Not new, Michalowski,
in particular, has worked in this field, and now Edison has taken up
the task and Promises a practical Storage battery,
Some months before Edison's nickel-iron cell was announced and
Without knowledge of the work of Michalowski, the weiter under.
took to use an oxide of nickel for the positive plate in an alkatine
cell, The idea of its use in this Way was suggested by a fact first
observed by Fischer, that a brownish black deposit separates at the
Positive pole when an alkaline solution of nickel tartrate is clectro-
lyzed. The formula, NiO, 2H:0, was assigned to the Product as
the result of chemical analysis, The oxide obtained in this way is
a strongly negative substance, producing in alkaline solution an
cm. f of about 1.65 volts with zine and 1.35 volts with cadmium,
The « m. £, Produced varies slightly with the strength of current
used in depositing the oxide Coating,
Before Proceeding further it would der briefly the
different oxides of nickel so th: i y be had of the
relations of each, commonly used, There
are three well-defined oxides of nickel known,
1. Nickelous oxide or protoxide of la NiO) is a
green powder, turning yellow Upon heating, It oxidizes to Ni, 0.
‘pon being heated above 350 degs. C,; and is converted to NiO again
upon raising the temperature above 600 degs, C,
Goe 134
2, Nickelic oxide or nickel sesquioxide (formula Ni,O,), some-
times but wrongly called peroxide of nickel, is a black powder formed
by decomposing some salt of nickel, as nickel nitrate Ni(NOs)s, or,
nickel chiorate Ni(Cl0.)s, by heating to the lowest possible tempera-|
ture which produces the decomposition. It is also formed by the ac-l
tion of hypochlorites Upon nickclous oxide suspended in alkaline
solution,
3. Nickelo-nickelic oxide (formula NiO.) is a gray metal-like
non-magnetic solid.
A sub-oxide of nickel (formula Ni:O) is said to exist;
The peroxide, supposed by Edison to have the formula NiO,, and
called by him superoxide of nickel, is formed by the action of elec Bo
trolytic oxygen on’ nickelic oxide in an alkaline solution,
thought to be formed by the action of hypochlorites on the hydrate!
nickelic oxide, NiO;.3H:0. Wicke gives the coniposition as Ni,O;,
and Bayley as NOs. When formed in the wet way a hydrate of the
oxide results rather than the simple oxide, but in most cases it is
necessary to consider only the simple oxide. :
The nickelic oxide, Ni,Qs, Prepared in any way except electraly-
tically, is inert; that is, it Produces no em. f. when opposed to zinc
or cadmium in an alkaline solution, When, however, an electric
current is sent through the-solution from the nickelic oxide plate to
the cadmium, the couple becomes active. It is quite probable that the
substance of the active nickelic oxide plate is a higher oxidation
product, :
The nickelic oxide Prepared electrolytically as described above is
at the same time subjected to an oxidizing influence, so that very
likely it, too, is a higher oxidation Product.. The fact that analyses
of the latter gave Wernicke results Pointing to the formula NiO).
2H0, is not remarkable, since the peroxide is very readily reduced,
the reduction being. especially easy in the medium in which it is
formed. The tartrate acts as a reducing agent, I find that the oxide
layer, which is quite black while the current is passing, immediately
Srows lighter in color when the circuit is broken, and the reduction
Proceeds to the formation of some green oxide, NiO; but if thor-
oughly washed while the current is passing, no considerable redttc-
tion takes place and the product may stand ina solution of pure
potassium hydroxide (or sodium hydroxide) an indefinite length
of time without apparent change,
The equation Tepresenting the discharge of the new Edison battery
is assumed by E, F. Roeber to be
N+ Fe= MOL RO
It is’ more Prqbable that theoretical NiO, is reduced to NiO;
rather than to NiO. Even at this, the theoretical weight efficiency
of a nickel Peroxide plate is about 1.75 times that of a lead Peroxide
plate with its required amount of sulphuric acid. Tf, however, the
Peroxide has the formula Ni,O;, the theoretical weight efficiency
would be less than that of a lead Peroxide plate,
The decrease in weight of the new Edison cell is chiefly duc to the
use of iron for the negative plate (theoretical weight efficiency about
five times that of a lead plate with its necessary HySO,) and to the
smaller amount of liquid required,
A fully charged cell having zine for the negative plate may show
an initial voltage of 1.9 Per cell, and substituting finely divided
cadmium for the zine I have obtained a tittle more than 1.6 volts
per cell at the beginning of discharge. Thee. m, f. in the case of the
cadmium cell drops gradually to zero, and in order to Get 2 good re-
turn in ampere hours a considerable Part of the current must be taken
at less than 1 volt Per cell,
oe
Novel Chimney Sweeping,
The Philadelphia Record notes the following instance of a well-
known electrical phenomenon: Employes of the Vineland, N, Ju
flint glass plant are marveling at-a Weird phenomenon, The fur. |
nace was out of blast and the workmen had been set to work
to clean the soot from the high stokestack, They were sit.
ting about complaining of the job on account of the hot Weather,
when a storm broke upon them, an clectric bolt entered the
furnace door, Went down into the bowels of the furnace and then
up the high stack and ont, When the he furnace to See
how much damage ha
amazement and delight,
whatever, had completely.
Soot in a pile at the bottom,
; 78, lead 11.37, and lead peroxide 7 He says that overcharges ‘and |-,
‘; contof cells of the type mentioned 250 to 150 aniperes instead of 48
* gin the lead cell are said to be too high by 10 to 5 Per cent. “On the}.
Perers,—An illustrated articl h he first
gives a review of Kennelly's A, I, E. E, Paper, and then makes the?
following critical remarks, When. discharged in 34% hours with af,
current density of 0,93 ampere per square decimeter, the Edison cell!
LI gives 30.85 watt-hours per kilogram of cell This gives 28.5 ame}
‘{pere-hours, as the average voltage of discharge is 1,13.the discharge}:
{current is therefore 8.1 amperes, For a current density of 0.93!
Lampere per square decimeter it is therefore Necessary that the sur-
face of the electrodes is 9 square decimeter per kilogram of weight
of cell. On the other hand, he has obtained 260.04 watt-hours in
j the 244 hours discharge of an ordinary traction cell of 12.75 kilo-
gram weight, i, e., 20.39 watt-hours per kilogram of weight of cell
(which is considerably more than stated by Kennelly, who said that
{the modern lead battery gives 8,8 to 13.23 watt-hours per kilogram),
‘| For a dischatge of 3!4 hours the capacity is still greater, The en
ergy of 260.04 watt-hours was obtained with a discharge current of
48 amperes, and with an electrode surface of 48 square decimeter,
y was therefore 1 ampere per square decimeter ;
ithe electrode surface in square decimeter per kilogram of weight
f cell was 3.75. Hence in order to obtain 30.85 watt-hours, a sur- |*
face of electrodes of 5.67 square decimeter per kilogram of weight
nulator against 9 square demiceter for :
. An. Edison nickel-iron cell must therefore be con-
siderably larger than a lead accunuilator, in order to give the same oe.
In general, it will be necessary to increase the 7
number of cells for traction batteries, as the autoniobile motor needs |
a certain voltage and the average discharge voltage of the Edison
“cell is only 1.1 volts against 1.95 volts in the ordinary lead accumu-
lator. It is questioned whether the large space required for these
“reasons for the Edison cell is easily available in automobiles. He
«doubts whether much weight is saved in the new Edison cell, and
emarks that the specific gravity of nickel is 8.5 to &9, steel 7.6 to
“yoverdischarges do not materially injure the modern automobile
“lead-aecumulator Provided they do not form the rule. He has taken
amperes for a longer time, at small intervals of about 2 minutes,
He could not detect any decrease of the capacity. It is doubted |
iwhether the nickel-iron cell will be able to give out abnormally high
‘currents like the lead cell, The resistivity of Potassium hydroxide
fis Sreater than that of sulphuric acid and “the Porosity of the mass
Will seareely equal that of the ordinary accumulator, Especially are |
“Uthe positive polectrades of the Edison accumulator much too com- i
“Apact." ‘The formation of the plates in the Edison accumulator jg |
said to be more expensive and more complicated than in the lead [.':
‘cell. The values given by Kennelly for the weight of sulphuric acid |
?.other hand, they will be Somewhat too small for the Edison cell, as |.
‘ron is not at all inactive in alkaline solutions, but is dissolved in
perceptible quantities as soon as it becomes anode during discharge,”
:He questions whether the cohesion of the active material in itself
wand with its support will stand out in heavy charges and discharges,
iThe statement that finely divided nickel which has been obtained .
‘by a chemical Process cannot be changed into petoxide by electro.
lytic Oxygen, does not Agree with experiments which he has made,
are given, he doubts that electrically active iron} |
‘ ly from iron monosulphide, If this is the case, |
iit would be very dificult to charge the Edison cell again after a dis.
jcharge or after the drying of the negative Pole electrodes in the air, |
pos
eer I.
when iron oxides are formed. He thinks it probable that the volte |
age required for charging will soon be 2 volts, For that reason the |
efiiciency would be very poor, which, however, would not be of}.
very great im
one would wish 1
industry, The direction in which Edison goes is perhaps the right :
one, But he has gone astray—perhaps in order to avoid a collision
with other inventions—and on these incorrect paths he has found|*. ~
quite a number of disadvantages instead of the advantages origin-|
ally” hoped for."—Centralblatt :
The Edison storage battery has been withdrawn |
‘Om competition with other batteries at the Pan. |
American Exposition. This is understood to be |
because Mr. Edison is not yet quite prepared to give |
to the world and the jury of awards all of what are!
NOW secrets of the laboratory in connection with
the battery, i
The battery exhibited is of one-cighth horsepower,
1OO ampere-hours and weighs 5% pounds. The j
width of the cell js five inches, depth, 114 inches, and
the height 12 inches from base to terminals, The
charging rate is 1.8 volts. The cell is of steel, nickel. :
plated, The insulation is perforated hard tubber, |
0.64 inch thick, and the Plate complete is 0.1 of an?
inch thick. The battery. has cight plates or grids, {
24 pockets,
The
The !
Auid is net an element of the battery, it being used : -
simply ag a conductor. In the regular construction
of the batteries, 60 plates will constitute one horse. |
{ Power, each plate weighing one pound,
W. OH. Markgraf, Manager of the exhibit depart- ‘
ment of the Edison Manufacturing company at the
Pan-American Exposition, has this to say of the .
battery exhibit: “In forwarding the parts of the
battery now on exhibition at Buffalo, it was not Mr.
Edison's intention that the same should be entered :
competitively against the other type of storage bat- .
teries, inasmuch as we are not in position at this :
time to show it working Practically. We hope to be ;
able to send up some of these batteries complete, so ; °
as to put them in practical Operation, and to show |
their superiority over anything of the kind now on |
the market. It is stilt the company's intention to |
He . !
| make such an exhibit at the Pan-American before the i
closing of the exposition i
Hundreds of People «stop at the Edison booth
cach day to look at this latest invention in the
storage-battery line. The battery is given a promi-
nent position on a table, and is protected by a glass |
case, Manager Markgraf and his assistants are ever! ,.
ready to explain all its features, and it is evident
that the people turn from the Edison booth amazed |
at the possibilities in store for this new battery, |
The Edison space is one of the best located in the | :
Electricity building, and frequently its three open !
.| sides are surrounded by visitors listening to the muste |
of the phonographs while inspecting other features | *
of the magnificent exhibit. : 5 H
Thomas A. Edison is sojourning at Chautauqua, 5
‘| but from time to time will run up to the exposition j
{to enjoy its beauties, Pd steals yt ge eg
“nal remarks that it is wrong to stippose that in’ other ac-:
: | described by Edison, Generally, mixtures are formed, the percent! |
i Anis mi
Edison Storage Battery—Lucas.—An article i in which | he says
there scems to be no reason why the reoxidation in the Edison cell
‘should enter more deeply into the positive active mass than hereto-
_ fore, and why this process should be improved by the addition of
‘graphite. Apparently the special processes of preparing the active
masses are new, He thinks the third and fifth claims of the British
‘patent could not be upheld in a legal suit, The arrangement of the|
_ blocks of active mass is said to have been applied in Edison's own,
modification of the Chaperon-Lalande cell. The use of nickel is in;
_ general not new, either. The remark that iron does not decompose}
* the water, he says, is wrong. The iron, he claims, must react with;
‘the alkali, otherwise the cell could be inactive—Asntomotor and
'‘Horseless Vel, Jour, Vol. 3, p. 493; abstracted in Centralblatt f.
eeu, Aug. 1
| Regarding the first criticism referred to above the latter jour-
> cumulators with peroxide of nickel, the charging action is only
“superficial, Regarding the Edison patent, it is said: “We do not be-
¢ that a German patent will be granted. For, first, the com-
ation peroxide of nickel, alkali and iron is not new; second, there
‘are no details of construction which could be patented; third, the;
| Process of making the active masses cannot be patented, as the pro-
esses for this purpose have long been known, also in connection with:
he original raw material, and these cannot be construed to he the
t
t
t
special “technical effect,” for without doubt, at least just as good
effects can be obtained by other ways.” Reference is made to the|
itemark in the Exectrica, Wort ano Enotneer, p. 181, in which;
was pointed out that the Edison cell differs from the Michalowski :
‘cell, because zine dissolves in alkali, and because the positive mass |
‘is Nis Os with Michalowski and NiO; with Edi
| finely divided iron is easily soluble in alkali, an’
! NiO; cannot be obtained, or, at least, not with certainty, by the
age of oxygen of which is nearer to the oxide Ni:O; than to NiO: |
i Referring to an editorial in the Exgcratcan Wortp ano ENGINEER,
{ July 6, in which the hope had been expressed that a chemically re-
“generative cell of this type would be reached, the charging being
reffected by some purely thermo-chemical process, and that a method
_{might thus be obtained of obtaining electrical energy from coal, the
{following remark is made: “From this it would appear that the |:
Newspaper report printed some time ago and then denied, that Edison
jcould obtain electricity from carbon, proves to be true, at least in
that of his friends,"—Centralblatt f. elecum, Aug. 1.
ve ‘ 4
_fispensable conditions which must be fulfilled to make “the ‘oxide
- Daten ene ee ee
Bdison Battery —Jumau.—An illustrated article in which fie first
gives abstracts from Edison’s patent specification and from Ken-
nelly’s paper. While Kennelly gives the capacity of the new Edison
cell as 30.85 watt-hours per kilogram of total cell, the present author.
uses the discharge curves given by Kennelly for two different dis-
charge rates, in order to calculate the Watt-hours per kilogram
which the cell gives out until the voltage has dropped to 1 volt. He
~Tfinds from these diagrams that for the 4 hours 55 minutes discharge
_ {the capacity in watt-hours per kilogram is 27.61, while for the 3
‘}hours 10 minutes discharge it is 28.72. This is an anomaly, and there
seems to be something wrong somewhere, as it is not likely that for
a faster discharge the capacity is greater than for a slower one.
I
i
He then gives for comparison the corresponding values of the i
lightest commercial French batteries, the’ Fulmen, B. G. S., Heinz,
and Societe pour le Travail Elec, (affiliated with the Elec, Sgor, Batt,
Co, of this country). The latter battery has the highest capacity in
watt-hours per kilogram of cell, namely, 27.49 for a 5-hour dis-
charge and 23.23 for a 3-hour discharge, “When comparing the cor-
responding values of the capacity in watt-hours per kilogram of
weight, one may be astonished not to find a greater difference. In-
and 4.46 gt. of peroxide of lead, hence, on the whole, 8.32 gram of
active material, while in the Edison cell it requires only 1.045 gram
' of iron and 1.685 gram of hyperoxide of nickel (the formation of
his compound being assumed), hence on the whole, only 2.73 grams
of active material. If one takes into account the ratio of the active
mass to the total weight of plate, which value, according to the
description, must be approximately equal to the same ratio in a light
lead cell, and if one also remembers that the coefficient of the acces-
sories (the ratio between the weight of cell and the weight of the
plates) must be smaller-for the Edison cell, on account of the small
- quantity of electrolyte required, one may conclude that in the latter
hetween the capacity obtained and that calculated theoretically from
the mass of active material) must be smaller than the same value in
deed, in the lead cell, one ampere-hour requires. 3.86 gram of lead |’
case the coefficient of utilization of the active material (the ratio |:
the light lead cell. It is known that the coefficient of utilization of ac-
tive material of the lead cell is different for the various methods of
making this material, for different thicknesses of the layer of active
that the Edison cell is subjected to the same rules, If one believes
the inventor, however, one must give up the hope of an improvement
in this direction, as he claims to have invented the only possible
method of making the active material.” Concerning the durability
of the new accumulator, it is said it would be interesting to know
whether the capacity remains the same during the whole life and
whether there occurs a swelling of material at one pole and a con?
traction at the other, He refers to the use by Michalowski of Ni: Os
for accumulator plates, while Edison says that the formula of the
oxide used by him is NiO. “To sum up, the interest of the Edison
cell does not lie in the discovery of a new couple, but in the discovery
of a special process of preparing material which heretofore could
not be rendered sufficiently active. This is certainly a very impor-
tant solution, and one not without difficulties, as one may judge from
the considerable number of experiments which had to be made, a
for the iron alone, the number of the compounds tried was several
hundreds, A way has been opened to experimenters and an indica+
tion has been given that one should not despair of finding a mean:
of rendering substances active which can enter into the construction
of new accumulators.” The invariability of the electrolyte is sai
to be a favorable condition, but not a new one, as the Jungner cell
has the same property, The most important property of the Edisoy
cell is the insolubility of the active substances at the end of the dis:
charge as well as-at the end of the charge, which is one of the int
cells really industri 1,
Theory of the Edison Nickel-Iron Cell. _
To the Editors of Elcetrical World and Engineer:
Sirs—I have read with great interest the full account of the dis-
i cussion which followed Dr, A. E, Kennelly’s Institute paper on the
new Edison iron-nickel cell, as published in the recently issued Nos.
'G6and.7 of the A. IE. &. Transactions, I should like to make, with
| your permission, a few remarks on the electro-chemical theory of
i this cell, and more especially on some points about which there seems
ito be no general agreement, °
Any one who undertakes at present to develop a theory of the
Edison cell, must, of course, rely upon the correctness of the princi-
pal claims made by the inventor that the electrolyte is not changed
and that the total result of a charge and of a discharge is that oxygen
material, and for different current densities, and there is no doubt], |
disappears at one electrode and that the same quantity appears at
the other electrode, Dr. Kennelly’s statement that the cell is an
“oxygen-lift,” seems therefore quite a happy characterization of the
general resulting action in the cell, On the other hand, several
speakers in the discussion, and more especially Mr, C. O, Mailloux,
have rightly pointed out that it would be of interest to sketch the ionic
mechanism by which the transfer of oxygen is brought about, Dr.
Kennelly says about this oxygen transfer: “Now, the action, of
course, by which this transfer takes place is much more complicated,
and I have not attempted to carry it out; in fact, I do not know it.
Unless we all kiiow accurately what the compound was and just ex-
actly what the salt of nickel was—it is only assumed to be nickel
peroxide—we could not attempt to map exactly the actions that oc-
cur.” Edo not think that the latter argument can be sustained; in
fact, there is no reason whatever to defer a discussion of the mechan-
ism of ionic migration in the electrolyte on account of our ignor-
ance of the exact chemical constitution of the electrodes. When we
know what the electrolyte is and when we also know that the only
change in the electrodes is that the one is oxidized and the other
gives off oxygen, we possess all the Uata required to sketch the
mechanism of ionic migration in the electrolyte.
Indced, we are able to form an idea of what takes place in the
electrolyte, from several points of view. For instance, from the old-
fashioned one which lays the whole stress upon the water and as-
sumes that it is the water which is decomposed in an aqueous solu-
tion, with the result that hydrogen is sct free at the cathode and
oxygen at the anode. If we could assume this to be the case in: the
Edison cell, we would, dtring discharge, get the following reactions
of the hydrogen and oxygen ions with the nickel peroxide and iron
_clectrodes, respectively:
NiO:-+ Th = NiO -+ 1,0
Fe+O=FeO
The nickel hypcroxide is: reduced, the iron is oxidized. Further-
more, the equations show that when one H: jon an one O ion
are set free at the electrodes—which represents the disappearance of
one H.O molecule in the electrolyte—another H:0 molecule is
formed at the nickel plate, so that the constitution, the quantity and
the concentration of the electrolyte are not changed.
This view leads therefore to a general explanation of the claims
regarding the resulting action in the Edison cell. But it is, as I said
before, based upon somewhat old-fashioned assumptions, Since the
so-called electrolytic dissociation theory has come into fashion, we
take a view nearly opposite to that just sketched, and assume that
the water is inactive and that ina KOH solution, as in the Edison
cell, it is the positive IX ions and the negative OH ions which,
traveling with certain speeds, accomplish the transportation of clec-
tricity through the electrolyte. A theory of the electro-chemical
action of the Edison cell, based upon the views of the dissociation
theory, was given by me in this journal in its issue of June 29, 1901.
I have shown there that the general resulting action in the Edison
cell can well be explained in this way, and I have also drawn conclu-
sions there as to local concentration changes at the clecrodes which
will enable an examination of this theory to be made by experiment.
What I want to emphasize here is that the conclusions drawn in my
former article are in no way dependent’ upon the chemical constitu-
tion of the electrodes. The lifting of one atom of oxygen through a
given KOH solution from one electrode to the other must be brought
about by a certain mechanism of ionic migration, and this mechanism
cannot depend upon the constitution of the electrodes, This mechan-
ism must be the same in the Jungner silver-copper cell as in the Edi-
son nickel-iron cell, It must be the same whether the chemical con-
stitution of the nickel electrode at the start of discharge of the Edi-
son cell is NiO: or Ni: Os, or something else—if only the resulting
action is the disappearance of one, atom of O at this plate. It must
be the same whether NiO, is reduced to Ni O—as I had assumed, in
order to write the equations in a convenient “and easy way—or 2 NiO,
to Ni: OQr—which Professor A. L, Marsh considers to be more prob-
able (EvectricaL Wortp anp Enateer, July 27). As I have said
in my former article, the conclusions drawn there regarding the pro-
cesses in the electrolyte, are independent of the nature of the clec-
trodes—always supposing, of course, that the only change in the
electrodes is the transportation of oxygen from the onc to the other.
White the mechanism of the ionic migration and the phenomena
immediately resulting therefrom, such as local concentration changes
at both electrodes, do not depend upon the chemical nature of the
electrodes, the latter is of importance for the ¢. m. f. of the cell,
For, if we neglect the small correction term, due to the coefficient of
the e, m. f. of the cell, we can calenlate the ¢, m, f. from the heat-
toning of the resulting chemical action by means of Thomson's rule.
Thus, if we assume that the resulting chemical reaction in the Edison
cell is
NiO,-+ Fe=NiO+FeO,
the em. f, of the cell corresponds to the difference of the formation *
heat of Fe 0 (from Fe and O) and the formation heat of NiO:
(from NiO and O). If, however, the chemical reaction is
2NiO.-+ Fe= Ni: Os-+- FeO,
the em. f. corresponds to the difference of the formation heat of
FeO (from Fe and Q), and the formation heat of 2NiOs; (from
NizOs and O), Should, however, the nickel compound at the
beginning of the discharge not be NiO. at all, but perhaps
+ Ni: Os, and the resulting chemical reaction
Ni, O:-+- Fe=2NiO-+ FeO,
the cm. f. corresponds to the difference of the formation heat of
FeO (from Fe and O) and the formation heat of Ni:Os (from
2NiO and O),
Only for the third of these three cases are the numerical thermo-
chemical data available, The formation heat of Fe O corresponds
to 1.47 volts. According to Michalowski, the combination of 2 NiO
and O to Ni; Os is an endothermic reaction, corresponding to —o.04
volt, The e. m. f. of the nickel-iron cell would therefore be i.47
—(—0.04) = 1.47 -- 0.04= 1.51 volts. The initial voltage of dis-
charge of the new Edison cell after recent charge is given by Dr.
A, E, Kennelly as 1.5 volts, The question which of the above re-
actions—or, perhaps, still another=-takes place in the Edison cell, is
also of importance for calculating the weight of active nickel com-
_ pound required for a given number of ampere-hours, as has been
pointed cut by Professor Marsh,
I should like to take this opportunity to make a few belated re-
marks on the editorial in your issue of July 6 in which you have
been good enough to discuss my article in the preceding issue, You
say that “Superficial concentration changes would necessarily occur
by the electro-chemical combinations formed, even if the ions did not
move past one another.” This is exactly correct so far as it goes,
but it is insufficient for the complete calculation, as will be seen at a
glance, when one considers the two equations which I have given for
the reactions at the two electrodes:
NiO, -+-2K+H,0O=Ni0+2KOH
Fe-+-20H=FeO+H:0
These equations show that there disappear from the electrolyte 2 K
ions and 20H ions which represents the disappearance of 2 KOH
molecules from the electrolyte; further, on account of the chemical
combinations formed at the electrodes, there disappears at the nickel
plate one H:O molecule, and there are formed 2 KOH molecules at
the nickel plate and one HzO molecule at the iron plate. We know
exactly. where the Jatter changes take place—those which are due to
the chemical combinations formed at the electrodes,” But from the
above equations, we cannot say the exact locality where the two
KOH molecules disappear in the electrolyte which furnish the two K
ions and the two OH ions set free at the electrodes, To complete
the calculation, one must have recourse to the experimentally de-
termined “transport numbers,” as I have done in my former article.
In another part of the editorial you say that “while variations of
concentration tend to occur at the electrode surfaces during charge
and discharge, yet owing to the thinness of the solution layer these
variations’ can readily cancel and annul cach other by diffusion,”
This statement in this form scems to me misleading. “Surface” of an
electrode, in the electra-chemical sense, is not only the outside visible
surface, but includes also any part of the electrode at which clectro-
chemical action takes place. The outside visible surfaces of two op-
posite electrodes are very near together in the Edison cell, In the
beginning of the discharge the molecules of the iron and nickel com-
pounds in these outer layers will be oxidized and reduced and con-
centration ‘changes tending to develop there may easily annul another.
But when the discharge goes on, the outer layers of the active masses
will have been oxidized and reduced, respectively, and the seat of
clectro-chemical action (the “surface” of the electrodes in the clec-
tro-chemical sense) will be transferred into the inner purts of the
porous active masses. Concentration changes will then develop in
the electrolyte in the pores of the active masses, and these concen-
tration changes cannot so easily cancel cach other.
Although, for the reasons given in my former article, T believe
that diffusion acts quicker in the new Edison cell than in the lead
ae
i
}
i
5
q
j
ft
j
7
|
- high-speed commutating machines,
accumulator, yet local
able in the Edison cell, especially’ with quick discharges or charges,
can annul one another, the electrolyte must Pass through the outer
Pores of the active masses which act somewhat like a diaphragm. It
is a well-known experimental fact that when a lead accumulator has
¢ been charged and is allowed to rest on open circuit, the concentra-
tion of the electrolyte between the plates increases for quite a while.
DYNAMOS, MOTORS AND TRANSFORMERS
Commutating Dynamo Machinery—Honart.—An abstract of his
Glasgow Internat. Eng. Congress paper on “Modern commutating
dynamo machinery, with special reference to the commutation limits.”
One persistent error has bee the assumption that the kilowatt out-
put should be given predominating consideration in laying down the
lines of the design, and that the required voltage and amperage are
of altogether minor importance. Machines of different voltages, but
for the same kilowatt output have, however, one set of features in
common, namely, the mechanical design in general. He describes a
group of machines designed with due regard not only to these feat-
ures of mechanical similarity, but also to the points where the de-
signs should diverge in order to suitably comply with the require-
ments of different voltages and current ratings. In these machines
the base, stands, bearings and shaft are the same for all voltages, but
while in the low voltage design the electromagnetic part of the ma-
chine is extremely narrow and the commutator wide, the high volt-
age machine has precisely the opposite characteristics, Since, how-
ever, the diameter of commutator, armature, field bore and magnetic
yoke, are the same for all voltages, it is quite practicable to use to a
Great extent the same drawings and patterns for all voltages, the
patterns being extended or not, according as castings for machines
of the one or the’ other voltage are required. It is shown how
naturally all this works out, and the opinion is put forth that by the
use of these principles the best results for a given outlay may be ob-
tained. Incidentally, the assertion is made that Iow reactance volt-
age greatly outweighs in importance low armature strength so far as
telates to excellence in commutation, and high commutator peripheral
speeds are advocated on account of the very great improvement in
commutating constants which are thereby rendered practicable.
Careful attention to all these different considerations still permits
of a fair degree of interchangeability and uniformity in the designs
for different voltages of the same kilowatt otttput. He discusses in
detail his method of estimating the reactance voltage. Incidentally,
he remarks that the inductance of a coil Jaid upon the surface of a
smooth core armature is, with customary proportions, rarely much
Jess than one-third and often one-half or more as great-as in the
case of the same coil laid in slots. He considers the case of large
and states that by the use of
high armature reaction—as expressed in armature ampere turns per
pole piece, and high commutator Peripheral speeds, even 6o0-volt
DIGEST
CURRENT ELECTRICAL LITERATURE.
Such an increase has been observed in Je:
grid type for even 48 hours after com;
f. dcenmulatoren und Elementenky
evidently duc to the fact that during
pores of both plates had become high
acid between the plates, and it shows
is in this case in annulling the diffe:
Puivaverpuia, Pa,
ad accumulators of the pastedt
pleted charge (Pfaff. Zeitschr.
ade, toor, June 15). This is
charge the concentration in the
er than the concentration of the
how slow the action of diffusion
Tences of concentration.
E. F. Roener,
SO
of the armature. It is bounded by the peripheral surface of the arma-
ture, the surface of the core at the bottom of the slots and the ends
of the core. An examination of the machine in the terms of the
energy generated in this “active belt” leads to the interesting result
that machines of very widely varying size, output and speed, give a
remarkably constant value in watts generated per cubic centimeter
of active belt at unit velocity-in unit field, This value he believes to
-be about 0.0000005, or 5 ergs per second per cubic centimeter at unit
velocity in unit field. The greater Part of the paper is chiefly mathe-
matical and cannot well be abstracted, Regarding the cost, he finds
that in the case of many groups of machines there is no regular
ratio between the cost and the output. There ought to be, however,
and the following method is suggested for obtaining this result:
Plotting watts per revolution as abscissas and costs as ordinates, the
position of each machine is marked, and the points representing cost
and output for each carease of a given diameter with varying length.
are joined by a straight line which is produced to the origin. The
point where this line cuts the zero ordinate gives the limit of cost to.
which this carcase approaches as the core length is réduced to zero,
and may be called the base cost of any given carcase. An increase jm
diameter increases the base cost and reduces the slope of the line
passing through the costs of the actual machines, so that, starting
from the smallest diameter and passing to the largest, will give a
succession of straight lines, each touching its next lower neighbor at
one point, and producing a curve made up of segments of the lines.
representing each machine, each segment showing the economical
range of length for the machine which it represents—Lond. Elce.,.
Sept. 20,
REFERENCES,
Theory of the Short-Circuited Alternator—Horscnirz.—A com-
munication, being a supplement to his article abstracted in the Digest,
Aug. 3. He gives the curve of the short circuit current as a function
of the frequency at constant exciting current for a three-phase alter-
nator, and develops the numerical formula.—Elek, Zeit., Sept. 12,
Large Direct-Current Generators —RotHERt.—A
referring to the article of Hobart recently
He agrees in general with the principle of Hobart, except that Ho-
bart favors a somewhat higher number of poles. He makes a few
critical remarks on details of design of the machines of the Gen.
Elec. Co. and of Hobart.--Elck, Zeit., Sept. 5.
communication
abstracted in the Digest.
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heated is placed within the cylinder, and may be enclosed i a Sra
mounted on a movable base, as shown at a’, g The distinc ive oe
of the furnace is the manner in which electrical connection , mai ue
the ends of the resistance, For this purpose use is made of an ox! :
like that of iron, which possesses considerable conductivity at aghiet
this oxide, shown at ¢’, d', being packed around the ends
of the cylinder and held in close contact therewith by plates nd he
c?, d?, secured by bolts c’, @?, When the furnace charge is of such ‘| yas
acter that danger might arise of fluxing the dry electrolyte, an hie
pecially when the crucible is dispensed with, the cylinder is ie i
by an interior sleeve of pure magnesia, preferably coated with ara Ve
to give it some initial conductivity, This furnace in cither 0: its
e excited by a carbon resistance rod inserted temporarily
B oor cven by a gas flame. ; ;
fh has patented a method of making calcium carbide,
escribing an electric firnace for carrying it into
Fifice is a rotary structure, vastly complicated, and pre+
Madvantages and one obvious disadvantage as com-
AM in present use; this defect being the necessity for
By of molten carbide to the temperature of com
Ae furnace may be dismissed as without practical
Naim based upon its operation is so broad as to de-
Ihe words are: “The method of making calcium
# in maintaining a carbide-conductor incandescent
tric current, subjecting carbide-forming materials
engendered, thus converting said materials into
Mtintaining the cross-sectional area of the carbide-
ately constant by removing the calcium carbide
s formed, and supplying fresh materials to the
. temperatures,
Mf the grant of a claim of this breadth at this date,
application has been pending before the Patent
B89s, a period when the carbide art was excced-
i
A siacse ehathete
fi "The Edison Storage Battery.
q —
t
Among the patents of last week are two on modifications of the
new Edison storage battery. In the form of cell patented some months
i ago, it will be recalled, the oxidizable clement and the depolarizer
consisted of finely divided iron and an oxide of nickel (or cobalt),
respectively, “both elements‘ being preferably mixed with flake
graphite to increase their permeability to the alkali hydroxide. solu-
tion, In the forms now disclosed the oxidizable metal is zinc, the
et Bo to have a capacity of 30.85 watt-hours per kilogram of electrode, for
epee! aa
a
| ison Srorage | Battery,
Our French contemporary, L’Industrie Electrique, contains in the!
current issue a fetter signed by Louis Krieger, which, after referring {!
to an article in that journal in which it was stated that the|-
zinc-nickel storage battery had been patented in 1899 by Michal-!
owski, claims that the writer had anticipated both Edison and: *
Michalowski, he having been granted a patent Dec. 4, 1896, on a zinc-|
potassium-nickel storage battery, and also on the employment of| |
lithium and magnesium with zinc in this type of battery. This} >
battery, which is stated to have been entirely the result of an electro-|.. +;
chemical calculation, was made during 1896, and one which was] -
tested in the laboratory of Professor Lippmann at the Sorbonne) | .:
showed an e, m .f. of 1.82 volts, which is exactly the figure arrived! «
at in the calculation in assuming the reduction of sesquioxide).’
(Ni?0") to protoxide (NiO). The formation of the nickel positive
tion of the nickel can even be obtained on a plate of ordinary plate}. -:
ickel carrying no active material. i
is stated to be very simple if certain precautions are taken, Oxida-| °°
‘N
| BLECTRO.CHEMISTR-AND BATTERIES. >
Baal ve 7
: Edison Battery.—De Contanes.—An illustrated article on the new
| Edison accumulator. After an abstract of Kennelly's paper the fol-
lowing critigal remarks are made, The Edison accumulator is said
a discharge rate of 0.93 ampere per square decimeter. This is com-
_.{ pared with the capacity of a modern Fulmen lead cell, which for a
discharge’ rate of t ampere per square decimeter “has a capacity per
electrode” (this probably means per kilogram of electrode) of 22.5
ampere-hours, at an average voltage of 1.9 volts, hence 42.75 watt-
hours, (This comparison is very unfair, From Kennelly’s paper it
| is evident that 30.85 watt-hours is the capacity of the Edison cell
per kilogram of total cell, not per kilogram of electrode). He then
| gives a comparison of the Edison cell and a modern lead cell, with
reference to the weight of the electrolyte and finds an advantage in
favor of the lead cell. (This is evidently wrong. He says that the
: é weight of the electrolyte in the Edison cell is 14 per cent of the weight
“.. . st | of the electrodes, while according to Kennelly’s paper it is 14 per
oe ‘| cent of the total cell weight). He further says that the Edison cell
will be expensive, and believes that it will not be durable, (One of
the principal claims of Edison is that there is practically no de-
terioration).—Cosmos, July 6,
Edison Battery—Kriecer—A communication in which he says
that he has used nickel for positive accumulator plates before Michal-
ieee x battery in 1896. The ec. m. f. was experimentally found to be 1.82
volts, which corresponds exactly with the theoretical value if the
chemical process at the nickel plate is assumed to be the change of
the peroxide of nickel into nickel oxide —L’Ind, Elec., July 10. (See
page 170.) 0
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jowski and Edison. He patented a zinc-potassium hydroxide-nickel |
of already oxydized acti
has to penetrate a dense mass
1, in order to reach th
‘ive ma-*
‘|charge,
© Interior layers of unoxydized substance,
ial
-{ ter}
ly’
{
1
If it be attempted to reve! a
| droxide—copper oxide type, it will be found that the copper passes
in part into solution as the so-called
deposited in the form of a loose
certain precautions be observed i
its tendency to solution in : a d
and he considers an essential feature of this preparation to be an cx
tremely fine sub-division of the east
bonate of copper is reduced by hydrogen at the |
perature, molded into the desired form, oxidized by heat to the
|
eeatee STE
SST peal
acts
depolarizer an oxide either of copper o and |
is an alkali metal zincate in solution, These combinations are not
unfamiliar, but the cells hi
versible, and the conditions un’
in the highest degree interesting.
r of nickel, and the electro-
ave not, hitherto, been considered as re-
der which they are rendered so arc
rse a cell of the usual zinc—alkali hy-
“cuprite,” and that the zinc is
sponge. Mr. Edison states that if
the preparation of the copper oxide,
in
Kkaline electrolyte may be overcome,
the all
To secure this, pure car-
t the lowest possible tem-
pti i ey
i °
4 °
: :
. :
° *
‘ .
: *
: .
4 .
: °
: :
o°
- FIG, 2.—EDISON STORAGE BATTERY,
black oxide, CuO, and finally electrolytically reduced to the metallic
state, So prepared, it is oxidized in charging the battery to the red
oxide Ci,0, but shows no tendency to pass into solution. It is. dif-
ficult indeed to believe that this remarkable effect is properly at-
tributed to the state of minute sub-division ; if so, the fact is unique
in chemistry.
The second difficulty—the deposition of spongy zinc--is overcome
by the simple expedient of using as a base for the clectro-deposit a
thin multi-perforated sheet of magnesium, If it be assumed that the
tendency of zinc to deposit in sponge form is duc to the partial oxi-
dation of the precipitated metal, then it is readily apparent that the
nature of the support may exert a controlling influence on the char-
acter of the deposit, and that magnesium, being electro-positive to
zine and entirely unattacked by the caustic alkali, can give rise to no
Jocal action, and therefore to no oxidation due to this cause. This is
the explanation of the inventor. It is not free from chemical dif-
ficulties, for other means may be employed to prevent local action,
and yet these have not proven efficient in suppressing the formation
of sponge; but the essential commercial point—the fact—seems to
have been sufficiently establishd by Mr. Edison's experimental work.
In the accompany illustrations, Fig. 2 represents a plan view
of the magnesium support on which the zinc is plated during the
charging, a similar view of the plate for carrying the negative ele-
ment, and a vertical section through a cell formed of four elements,
In Fig. 1 are represented similar views of another form of cell,
showing a plan view of one of the magnesium supports on which the
zinc is plated during the charging operation, a similar support for the
depolarizing material, a section of the latter on an enlarged scale
and a section through a four-clement cell.
Kentucky Telephone Association.
The Kentucky Telephone Association held its annual meeting at
Owensboro, Ky., on Oct. 2, The following named officers were
elected for the ensuing year: R. V. Bishop, of Cynthiana, was re-
elected president; H. K. Cole, local manager of the Harrison Tele-
phone Company, vice-president, and James Maret, of Mt. Vernon,
secretary and treasurer. The place of the next weeting was referred
to the Executive Committee of the association.
James S. Brailey, Jr., of Louisville, read a paper upon long-distance
service and H. K. Cole a paper tipon exchange service,
enero BISON
Our French contemporary, L’Industrie Electrique, contains in the} Meee
current issue a letter signed by Louis Krieger, which, after referring}:
to an article in that journal in which it was stated that the
zine-nickel storage battery had been patented in 1899 by Michal-|
owski, claims that the writer had anticipated both Edison and: ‘
Michalowski, he having been granted a patent Dec. 4, 1896, on a zine-!
potassium-nickel storage battery, and also on the employment of
lithium and magnesium with zinc in this type of battery. This
battery, which is stated to have been entirely the result of an electro- ee
chemical calculation, was made during 1896, and one which wast:
tested in the laboratory of Professor Lippmann at the Sorbonne|”
showed an ec. m .f, of 1.82 volts, which is exactly the figure arrived) “
at in the calculation in assuming the reduction of sesquioxide;”: :
‘| nickel carrying no active material.
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(Ni70") to protoxide (NiO), The formation of the nickel positive}:
is stated to be very simple if certain precautions are taken. Oxida~
tion of the nickel can even be obtained on a plate of ordinary plate?
an
ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY-AND’ BATTERIES, ~~~
| Edison Battery —De Contaves.—An illustrated article on the new
Edison accumulator. After an abstract of Kennelly's paper the fol-
lowing critica) remarks are made, The Edison accumulator is said
to have a capacity of 30,85 watt-hours per kilogram of electrode, for
a discharge rate of 0.93 ampere per square decimeter. This is com-
pared with the capacity o€ a moder: Fulmen lead cell, which for a
discharge’ rate of 1 ampere per square decimeter “has a capacity per
electrode" (this probably means per kilogram of electrode) of 22.5
ampere-hours, at an average voltage of 1.9 volts, hence 42.75 watt-
hours, (This comparison is very unfair. From Kennelly's paper it
is evident that 30.85 watt-hours is the capacity of the Edison cell
per kilogram of total cell, not per kilogram of electrode). He then
gives a comparison of the Edison cell and a modern lead cell, with
reference to the weight of the electrolyte and finds an advantage in
favor of the lead cell. (This is evidently wrong. He says that the
weight of the electrolyte in the Edison cell is 14 per cent of the weight
of the electrodes, while according to Kennelly’s paper it is 14 per
cent of the total cell weight). He further says that the Edison cell
will be expensive, and believes that it will not be durable, (One of
the principal claims of Edison is that there is practically no de-
terioration).—Cosmos, July 6.
Edison Battery.—Kriecer—A communication in which he says
that he has used nickel for positive accumulator plates before Michal-
+" Jbattery in 1896. The ec. m. f. was experimentally found to be 1.82
volts, which corresponds exactly with the theoretical value if the
chemical process at the nickel plate is assumed to be the change of
the peroxide of nickel into nickel oxide—L’Ind, Elec., July 10, (See
lowski and Edison. He patented a zinc-potassium hydroxide-nickel .
IPABC 170) center rnenermemrnmnes manent
of already oxydized active ma- ..
interior layers of unoxydized substance,
aS to penetrate a dense mass
gx|terial, in order to reach the
harge, h:
i
L
ae etn
he two halves. The exterior casing is
made of cast steel, and in order to be capable of dissipating the ee
efficiently, it is smooth on the inside and closely fits the care a
stator. It is divided into two parts, as are also the bearing co
so that in case it is necessary to make repairs on the bearings
E ey can be reached casily. ;
al ys one of these covers is removed. To the lugs of the Ne
bearing covers flat iron pieces are bolted, which transmit ah 4
movement of the motor to the truck by means of springs. ‘The a
ings consist of heavy stecl outer boxes, in which bronze plates, La
with white metal rest, The bearings are lubricated by means ae
and wick, and this method has proved itself very satisfactory. he
oil is thrown down by means of oil rings into special compartments
in the lower bearing covers, The motor is wound for six poles, there
being ov slots in the primary and 72 in the secondary. .
In determining the winding of the motor the following had to be
taken into consideration, The heating of the primary core is de-
pendent upon the number of pole changes and the saturation, and as
the number of pole changes is given, upon the cross-section of the
core, This must be made quite large so as to reduce the heating;
that is, the width being given, the radial dimension must be made
large. If, now, the primary, with its large radial dimension is laid
on the outside, then the diameter of the rotor is small and conse-
quently also the turning moment. It is far better for the more prof-
itable utilization of the space, to put the primary on the inside and
make it constitute the rotor, The secondary, which only during the
starting and at full speed has a very small number of pole changes,
may have a considerably smaller radial dimension than the primary.
many connections between t
FIG, 1§.—MOTOR MOUNTED ON TRUCK,
This will give a fairly large diameter of the rotor (in the motors al-
ready constructed about 9 cm., or 3% inches), and there remains
for the primary core considerable depth in the radial direction with
the assurance of a low saturation. The rotor in this manner will
have a diameter of 780 mm. (30.7 inches), while the over-all diameter
of the motor is 1050 mm, (41.3 inches).
The motor is so wound that the primary pressure of 1150-1850
volts is carried to the rotor of the motor. For this purpose three
collector rings are affixed at one end, which are made of good bronze
and are insulated from each other by mica sheets which project con-
siderably, as seen in Fig, 14. Eight carbon brushes make contact
with each of the rings. The brushes are fed forward by means of
springs, and in order to keep the brush holders a considerable distance
apart from each other, they are distributed all around the periphery.
They can be reached from the outside through small holes,
The core of the rotor consists of a number of iron plates, cach of
which is stamped out of a solid piece of shect iron and all the plates
‘are firmly held together.
The winding of the rotor, Fig. 14, is of the continuous-current bar
winding. type, as in this winding the ends of the various coils may
be best protected from the action of centrifugal force by tightly-
wound wire bands, The slots are insulated by means of mica, and
wooden wedges protect the coils from flying out.
The winding of the stator is of the ordinary alternating-current
type, and the core consists of a number of separate iron sheets joined
together. The three primary and secondary leads are insulated from
the frame wherever they pass through it by rubber bushings, Fig. 15
shows a motor mounted on the truck.
“ELECTRICAL wont anp ENGINEER.
Vou, XXXVIIL, No. 14.
Automobile Storage Batteries,
} E present herewith descriptions in detail of a number of stor-
age batterics now available for automobile work, the descrip-
tions having been prepared from information furnished by
the manufacturers of the various batterics considered, The state-
ments of performance thus come from the makers themselves, and
while we do not doubt that all claims are’ made in good faith, due al-
lowanee must naturally be made for ‘ultra-conservatism on the one
side and enthusiasm on the other, The information herewith given,
however, is substantially within the range of fact, and presents in
concise form the main differences between the batteries considered.
With a few exceptions all of the American automobile batteries now
on the market are described, only a few manufacturers having denied
the request for information concerning their products. The Edison
storage battery is not included for the reason that a description of it
has recently appeared in these columns, and no further information
is available relating to its construction and performance, ;
As will be noted, data of a number of the batteries have been ‘re-
duced to the basis of a three-hour discharge. Not too much stress
should, however, be laid upon a comparison of different batteries on
this basis in the absence of information as to corresponding durability.
In other words, such a comparison is not conclusive unless each bat-
tery is designed with a view to give efficient results at that particular
rate of discharge.
TITE SPERRY BATTERY,
‘The Sperry battery is sin improved form of the Planté type of lead-
lead battery, but so designed and constructed as to be free from the
difficulties that have attended the use of the applicd sponge plate.
The grid is made of thin, pure sheet lead, which is corrugated hori-
zontally. In the bottom of the hollows formed by the corrugations
numbers of small trapezoidal holes are punched; the punch also cuts
FIGS, 1 AND 2,—SPERRY BATTERY,
diagonally across the trapezoid, and instead of making a clean hole,
fins are left which project on either side of the plate. The whole plate
when punched resembles a corrugated grater, except that the fins are
loriger, and triangular in shape. These projections are then spread
wider apart so that a pressure on the plate will cause them to bend
down in a direction away from the holes from which the fins project.
The material which is to become active is spread in the form of a
powder on both sides of the grid, filling up the corrugations and be-
ing in sufficient quantity to make a flat plate of usual thickness after
press-welding. The whole is then subjected to pressure—about 1000
Ibs. per square inch of surface—which forms it into a solid mass,
The material is bound to the grid by being pressed together into a.
continuous mass, which is on both sides of the grid and is welded
through the multitude of small holes, thereby riveting itself in the
grid. Additional hold is furnished by the fins, which bend down
and are clinched over the active material and thus retain the ma-
terial at the surface. é
The retention of the fins and riveting under pressure of the pow-
der into a solid mass cannot be successfully accomplished with every
form of material to become active, but it is stated that the material
used in the Sperry battery welds up strongly in the press, and after
the chemical formation, becomes hard like soapstone, This active
material consists of 80 to 85 per cent of finely divided pure lead ob-
tained by dissolving a precipitation as explained in the description of
the chloride battery, to which is added 15 to 20 per cent of lead
oxide. These are thoroughly mixed, and to the mass thus formed is
Ocrozer 5, 1901,
added about 1
gredients,
The alkaline salts and the other ingredients are themselves inert
and their function is twofold: First, to render the material porous
by dissolving out when the plate is “formed,” leaving numberless
pores throughout the mass, and, second, they have the peculiar Prop-
erty of causing the mass to harden on forming instead of soften, as
is the case with pasted or other plates formed by the Planté process.
The composition of the active materiat used, its method of appli-
cation, and the formation in the Sperry battery, are such, however,
that trouble from disintegration and dropping away of active nae
-25 of a compound of alkaline salts and other in-
3 4
Hours
PIG, 3.—DISCHARGE CURVE, SPERRY NATTERY,
terial is obviated, and the makers claim, and their tests seem to in-
dicate, that the plates are extremely hard, solid and durable, The cor-
rugation of the grid horizontally allows proper expansion and re-
lieves the plate of any tendency to buckle. * As an additional precau-
tion, however, Mr. Sperry has devised the pyroxylin coating which
is applied to the outside of the plate and covers it, passing down one
side, under the bottom of the plate and up the other side. It is
evident that if any active material should be loosened by any ex-
traordinary circumstances, it would not be able to drop off the plate,
being held in position by the outside coating. If a particle of ma-
terial should by any chance drop off, it will still be retained in the
Ppyroxylin envelope and would not be able to short-circuit the
an battery.
This covering is made of open mesh cotton cloth, such as “cheese-
cloth,” which is chemically treated, forming a cellulose nitrate which
is termed “pyroxylin.” This compound is of the same general char-
acter as gun cotton, which is a high explosive. The addition of a
1 small quantity of nitro-benzol renders it inert.
To the sheet of pyroxylin thus formed is applied a coating of
pure cellulose. This is formed by treating fiber—in which the non-
cellulose constituents belong to the class of aldechydes—with sul-
phurous acid. The fiber after being washed is again ‘treated with
@ sulphurous acid, leaving pure cellulose. This is then pulped and
applied under pressure to the pyroxylin sheet. The envelope when
finished is ribbed vertically so that the elctrolyte can circulate freely
along the surface of the plate after passing through the envelope.
The jars in which the elements are placed are of the hard rubber
variety, but different from the usual hard rubber jar in that they
FIG, 4.—SPERRY BATTERY,
Hhave a series of ribs capped with soft rubber extending across the
bottom of the cell. On these soft resilient ribs rest the plates which
Marc in this way relieved from excessive shock or jar. The separators
Aare the usual thin, perforated, ribbed, hard rubber.
Fig. 3 shows a curve of discharge of the Sperry battery taken
Nfrom 44 cells in series, These cells weigh 1005 Ibs. gross or 23 Ibs,
each. The discharge rate was nearly 4o amperes and the average
voltage 1.975. The curve shows the unusual results of 1.75 amperes,
ELECTRICAL WORLD ann ENGINEER.
9.187 ampere-hours, and 18,15 watt-hours per pound gross weight at}.
54-hour discharge, giving at this excessive rate of discharge 4o Ibs, :
per horse-power-hour, corresponding to an ‘energy sufficient to raise
its own weight against gravity at sea level about 9 miles, .
This is equivalent to 2.65 amperes, 7.95 ampere-hours, 5.03 watts |
and 15,09 watt-hours per pound at the 3-hour rate, There are sev-
eral sizes of these cells manufactured, the two principal ones being
2 inches by 734 inches by r0!4 inches, and weighing 18 Ibs. gross, and
3 inches by 714 inches by 10% inches, and weighing 22.8 ibs,
A number of life tests have been made on this battery, both in lab- |’. °
oratories and on vehicles and in practical work, One vehicle has now |"
made about 7700 miles with the batteries with a loss of 28 per cent
-of the original capacity. Tests recently conducted under the general
supervision of Professor John W. Langley, of the Case School of
Applied Science, show that the battery carried through a uniform rate
of discharge of 1 ampere per pound until the carriage had run the
equivalent of 3060 miles. This test shows the capacity of the bat-
tery for the last 10 discharges to be 10 per cent (83.35:.91.8) in ex-
cess of the first 10 discharges. . The report indicates that tests up to
this point had failed to reveal any indication that the battery had
started to fall off in capacity. The 44th discharge of this battery,
taking it at 1 ampere per pound of complete working cell, gives a
mean potential difference throughout the curve, of over 2 volts,
namely 2,014. >
THE INTERNATIONAL STORAGE BATTERY,
The Clare cell, made by the International Storage Battery Com-
pany, is claimed to embody novel features of mechanical construc-
tion, that contribute to durability, efficiency, capacity for rapid work- |
ing, and a relatively large output of energy per pound of maerial,
Active material for these cells in the form of tead oxides is prepared
before it is mounted on the supporting plates. These plates are
made of porous carthenware, free from impurities that would render
FIG. 5.— BATTERY OF CLARE CELLS,
it a conductor, One side of each plate is divided into 100 small cells
by narrow ribs that intersect at right angles. Into these cells the
plastic active material is pressed. .
The other side of each plate is provided with parallel ribs in one di- °
rection only, so that when these ribs on two plates are placed ‘in
contact the edges of the ribs touch, and there are parallel passages
between: them. Each plate is also provided with a heavy rib on ~
one or two of its edges, and these heavy ribs extend further from 3
Pa
538
he two halves, The exterior casing is
der to be capable of dissipating the heat
le and closely fits the core 9: the
as are also the bearing covers,
irs on the bearings or
many connections between t
made of cast steel, and in or D
efficiently, it is smooth on the insid
stator. It is divided into two parts,
so that in case it is necessary to make repa
fl ey can be reached easily.
ee if one of these covers is removed. To the lugs of the lower
bearing covers flat iron pieces arc bolted, which transmit the psd
movement of the motor to the truck by means of springs. ‘The a
ings consist of heavy stcel outer boxes, in which bronze plates, Hie
with white metal rest. The bearings are lubricated by means of oil
and wick, and this method has proved itself very satisfactory. The
oil is thrown down by means of oil rings into special compartments
in the lower bearing covers, The motor is wound for six poles, there
being ov slots in the primary and 72 in the secondary, .
In determining the winding of the motor the following had to be
taken into consideration. The heating of the primary core is de-
pendent upon the number of pole changes and the saturation, and as
the number of pole changes is given, upon the cross-section of the
core, This must be made quite large so as to reduce the heating;
that is, the width being given, the radial dimension must be made
large. Hf, now, the primary, with its large radial dimension is laid
on the outside, then the diameter of the rotor is small and conse
quently also the turning moment. It is far better for the more prof-
jtable utilization of the space, to put the primary on the inside and
make it constitute the rotor, The secondary, which only during the
starting and at full speed has a very small number of pole changes,
may have a considerably smaller radial dimension than the primary.
FIG. 15.— MOTOR MOUNTED ON TRUCK,
This will give a fairly large diameter of the rotor in the motors al-
ready constructed about 9 cm., or 3/4 inches), and there remains
for the primary core considerable depth in the radial direction with
the assurance of a low saturation. The rotor in this manner will
have a diameter of 780 mm. (30.7 inches), while the over-all diameter
of the motor is 1050 mm. (41.3 inches).
The motor is so wound that the primary pressure of 1150-1850
volts is carried to the rotor of the motor. For this purpose three
collector rings are affixed at one end, which are made of good bronze
and are insulated from each other by mica shects which project con-
siderably, as seen in Fig. 14. Eight carbon brushes make contact
with cach of the rings, The brushes are fed forward by means of
springs, and in order to keep the brush holders a considerable distance
apart from each other, they are distributed all around the periphery.
They can be reached {rom the outside through small holes.
The core of the rotor consists of a number of iron plates, each of
which is stamped out of a solid piece of sheet iron and all the plates
{are firmly held together.
The winding of the rotor, Fig. 14, is of the continuous-current bar
winding type, as in this winding the ends of the various coils may
be best protected from the action of centrifugal force by tightly-
wound wire bands. The slots are insulated by means of mica, and
wooden wedges protect the coils from fying out.
The winding of the stator is of the ordinary alternating-current
type, and the core consists of a number of separate iron shects joined
together. The three primary and secondary Seads are insulated from
the frame wherever they pass through it by rubber bushings. Fig. 15
shows a motor mounted on the truck,
ELECTRICAL WORLD ann ENGINEER.
Von, XXXVHLE, No. 14.
Automobile Storage Batteries.
rTE present herewith descriptions in detail of a number of stor-
age batterics now available for automobile work, the descrip-
tions having been prepared from information furnished by
the mantfacturers of the various batteries considered, The state-
ments of performance thus come from the makers themselves, and
while we do not doubt that all claims are made in good faith, due al-
lowance must naturally be made for ‘ultra-conservatism on the one
side and enthusiasm on the other, The information herewith given,
however, is stibstantially within the range of fact, and presents in
concise form the main differences between the batteries considered.
With a few exceptions all of the American automobile batteries now
on the market are described, only a few manufacturers having denied
the request for information concerning their products. The Edison
storage battery is not included for the reason that a description of it
has recently appeared in these columns, and no further information
is available relating to its construction and performance.
‘As will be noted, data of a number of the batteries have been ‘re-
duced to the basis of a three-hour discharge. Not too much stress
should, however, be laid upon a comparison of different batteries on
this basis in the absence of information as to corresponding durability.
In other words, such a comparison is not conclusive unless cach bat-
tery is designed with a view to give efficient results at that particular
rate of discharge. .
THE SPERRY BATTERY.
The Sperry battery is an improved form of the Planté type of lead-
lead battery, but so designed and constructed as to be free from the
difficulties that have attended the use of the applied sponge plate.
The grid is made of thin, pure shect lead, which is corrugated hori-
zontally, In the bottom of the hollows formed by the corrugations
numbers of small trapezoidal holes are punched; the punch also cuts
FIGS,
I AND 2,—SPERRY BATTERY.
diagonally across the trapezoid, and instead of making a clean hole,
fins are left which project on cither side of the plate. The whole plate
when punched resembles a corrugated grater, except that the fins are
longer, and triangular in shape. These projections are then spread
wider apart so that a pressure on the plate will cause them to bend
down ina direction away from the holes from which the fins project.
The material which is to become active is spread in the form of a
powder on both sides of the grid, filling up the corrugations and be-
ing in sufficient quantity to make a flat plate of usual thickness after
press-welding. The whole is then subjected to pressurc—about 1000
Ibs, per square inch of surface—which forms it into a solid mass.
The material is bound to the grid by being pressed together into a.
continuous mass, which is on both sides of the grid and is welded
through the multitude of small holes, thereby riveting itself in the
grid. Additional hold is furnished by the fins, which bend down
and are clinched over the active material and thus retain the ma-
terial at the surface. s
The retention of the fins and riveting under pressure of the pow-
der into a solid mass cannot be successfully accomplished with every
form of material to become active, but it is stated that the material
used in the Sperry battery welds up strongly in the press, and after
the chemical formation, becomes hard like soapstone. This active
material consists of 80 to 85 per cent of finely divided pure lead ob-
tained by dissolving a precipitation as explained in the description of
the chloride battery, to which is added 15 to 20 per cent of lead
oxide. These are thoroughly mixed, and to the mass thus formed is
J S40
the plate than do the smaller ribs that enclose the cells for active
uaterial, After the active material is forced into its cells, two plates
fontaining it are brought together so that the cells of active material
ce each other,
The heavy ribs at the edges of the plates hold them a short distance
Apart over that part of the surfaces where the active material is
ocated, An acid-proof cement is applied to join the heavy ribs at
he edges, and a receptacle containing the active material is thus
formed by the two plates, Into the tong, narrow opening of this
FIG, 6.—CLARE PLATE,
{receptacle a sheet of pure, rolled lead is forced so as to come into inti-
mate contact with all of the cells of active material, At one side a
trip projects from this lead sheet and serves to connect it with a
isimilar sheet between two other plates, The pair of earthenware
: ‘plates with active ‘material pressed into their cells, joined at their
-fedges to form a receptacle, and the sheet of lead, form a single
- ‘positive or negative element of the battery. The corresponding nega-
‘ sitive or positive clement is made in exactly the same way.
if The sheet of lead, about-1-32 inch in thickness, serves merely as
‘Ys conductor of the current, and the earthenware receptacle supports
_ both the active material and the conducting sheet. Two of the ele-
‘ments described go to make up the smallest size of battery. For bat-
teries of larger size the receptacle for each clement is made up of
our or more of the same earthenware plates, All joints between the
earthenware plates are made with the acid-proof cement, so that cach
Feceptacle, however large, is a rigid structure, though made up of a
‘considerable number of parts.
‘| Particular attention is called to the earthenware receptacle, be-
‘sause on its structure and on the method of supporting the active
“material, the novelty of the Clare battery depends. In this battery
the conducting sheet of lead does not support the active material, but
“os itself supported by the receptacle, As the lead conductor is not
.. ‘required to act as a support, it can be, and is, relatively very light in
weight. The earthenware receptacle is also much lighter than a sup-
porting plate of lead would be for the same stiffness, The earthen-
FIG, 7.—DISCHARGE CURVES, CLARE BATTERY,
ware receptacles with their active material and lead conductors are
immersed in an acid electrolyte of the usual quality, and the solu-
tion passes freely through the porous sides of the receptacle to the
active material, As the sides of the receptacles are very thin, being
hardly more than 1-16 inch in thickness, and as the electrolyte flows
freely through the grooves formed by the ribs on the outer sides of
adjacent elements, the internal resistance of these batteries is very
low. Active material cannot fall out of its cells in the carthenware
plates, because the opening in the receptacle is only large enough to
admit the conducting sheet of lead between the two surfaces where
the conducting material is located. Experience has shown that the
receptacles are sufficiently clastic to allow for all expansion of the
active material withqut injury.
Several tests of these batteries have been made by independent en-
4) gineers, and the result of one of these is illustrated in the curve here
presented. This test was made on a battery rated at 20 ampere-
. ELECTRICAL WORLD ann ENGINEER.
VoL. XXXVILL, No, 14.
hours, At the end of a 10-hour continuous discharge at the rate of
2.20 amperes, having yielded 22 ampere-hours, the terminal e, m. f.
of the battery had fallen to 1.72 volts, During a continuous discharge
of 3.5 hours at 5 amperes, yielding 17.5 ampere-hours, the battery
dropped to 1.66 volts,
Another battery in a hard-rubber case had a total weight of 16 lbs,
This battery during a continuous discharge of 12 amperes for eight
ours fell from a terminal pressure of 2.1 to 1.9 volts. The ampere- |
hours delivered during this test were 96, and the watt-hours 192, 80
that the watt-hours per pound of complete battery were 12, Heavy
. overloads are said to have no bad effect on this battery, so far as the
life of the elements is concerned.
A group of these cells that is said to have been in hard and con-
stant use during two years, show no breaking or buckling of the
earthenware Teceptacles or falling out of the active material.
THE PERRET DATTERY,
The Perfect storage battery is built on the unit-system, the unit
being a rectangular rod of pure metallic lead electrically formed in
FIG, 8.—PERRET UNIT,
a bath of pure dilute sulphuric acid. No other oxidizing agent is
employed, and there is, therefore, no possibility of trouble from im-
perfect climination of the compounds of nitrogen, chlorides, etc.
Each unit has a certain, definite capacity, and any number may be
burned together to forma cell of the required size. Before formation
FIG, Q.—PERRET CELLS, *
the units are all exactly alike, there being no, difference between those
intended for positive or negative elements. “The rods intended for the
positive clements of one cell are burned together with those of the
negative elements of the next cel!, and all’the rods are suspended by
their own Iugs from the tops of the cells and do not touch anything
at their lower extremities. Each unit is free to expand, contract or
15
Hours
FIG, 10,—DISCHARGE CURVE, PERRET CELL,
twist without warping the element as a whole, which differs materially
from the ordinary plate. ’ .
The discharge curve (Fig. 10) refers to a Perret cell weighing 734
Ibs, | ‘his shows a capacity of 1.33 amperes, or 2,527 watts, per pound
Ln hon are
Octoner 5, 1901. ELECTRICAL WORLD anp ENGINEER.
at the 5-hour rate, which is cquivalent to 6.65 ampere-hours, or 12.635
watt-hours, per pound of complete cell. The cell may be discharbed
in three hours or less, and charged in the same length of time without
injury.
These cells are made in two sizes at present, though the makers
intend putting other sizes on the market within the next few months,
Type A is 10 by 634 by 1% inches, weight 734 Ibs., capacity as above.
Type B is 10 by 13 by 13-16 inches, weight 15 Ibs., capacity 100 am-
pere-hours at 5-hour discharge rate.
“THE GOULD BATTERY,
The plates of the Gould battery are made from pure rolled lead.
These plates have their surface increased by a spinning process.
This spinning is accomplished by clamping the plate in a special
machine whereby it is given a reciprocating motion between rapidly
revolving arbors carrying a series
of disks which are forced into the
plate, displacing the lead into a
series of alternating ribs and
grooves, The active surface of
the plate is thus increased to 17
times its area as a smooth plate.
This pressing and displacing in-
creases the density and homo-
gencity of the plate, and makes it
more durable. The spinning pro-
cess leaves the ribs firmly con-
nected to the supports so that each
rib is independent and has an in-
dependent contact with the sup-
ports, and it is not necessary to
depend on a center webb for con-
ductivity. The plates are thus in
a condition to allow of the expan-
sion and contraction, duc to
charge and discharge, taking place
without loss of active material or
FIG, 11.—GOULD CELL, damage to the grid. The plates
are placed in a bath and current
passed through them, whereby active material js formed from the
material of the plates themselves, After forming, the plates are
cleaned, washed, and all traces of the forming. solution removed,
the plates are then assembled into elements consisting of the various
numbers of plates, according to the capacities required.
The principle followed by the Gould Storage Battery Company is
Time In Minutes
FIG, 12,—DISCHARGE CURVE, GOULD CELL,
to increase the surface exposure as well as to increase the contact
area of the active material with the grid, it having been demonstrated
by their tests that by reducing the rate of charge and discharge per
square inch of active surface, the life of the battery is increased, as
well as its ability to stand high rates of charge and discharge.
i The plates are therefore made as light as mechanioal considerations
will permit, and the greatest possible amount of active surface is ob-
Element number, «| 90:
Number of plate os ee
Normal charging ra
Discharge in amperes for yhoura,
Capacity in qn frases discharge.
ampere hours fat 4 tu scharge.....
Weight of element in it Hy
Outside dimensions} Wit
of rubber jar Lengt!
in inches. Height
Height of cell over all, in inche: . 12
Weight of acid in pounds,..... 5%
Weight of cell complete in pour AG 37
tained by the spinning process before mentioned. The actual active
surface is 450 square inches Per pound of plate, which gives 250
square inches per ampere at the 8-hour discharge rate. As the active
oxides form in a thin adherent layer over the surface, the voltage at
rapid discharge rates is somewhat higher than usual in lead cells,
The thinness and porosity of the active material permits the escape of
evolved gases without dislodging the oxides,
The separators consist of the usual ribbed and perforated rubber
sheet, and the jars are of the same material. These jars have, raised
on the bottom, two heavy ribs upon which the platés rest, This leaves
a proper space below the plates for circulation of electrolyte, and the
accumulation of sediment. A hard rubber cover fitting into the top
of the jar and resting on the top of the cross bars prevents splashing
of the electrolyte. The connectors are of the usual flat top variety.
The foregoing table gives weights, dimensions and capacities of
the Gould automobile batteries, Type EV, dimensions of plate, 57%
inches by 9 inches. .
This shows that at the 3-hour rate, 1.10 amperes, or 2.09 watts, are
-continuously available, which is 3.30 ampere-hours, or 6,27 watt-hours,
per pound, gross weight of battery,
. TILE CHLORIDE ACCUMULATOR,
The general characteristics of this battery are well-known, The
positive plate is termed “Man-
chester Plate” by its makers, and
consists of a grid cast of lead with
round holes about 13-16 inch in
diameter and 15-16 inch between
centers,
These holes taper to a smaller
diameter from the outside surface
to the middle of the plate, making
in effect holes which are counter
sunk, from both faces of the plate,
The active material consists of
pure lead which is taken in the
form of ribbon, the width of
which is equal to the thickness of
the plate, and passed between two
rollers. The periphery of the
lower roller is smooth, while the
upper one is toothed, the teeth cut pro, 13.—CHLORIDE ACCUMULATOR,
into the lead ribbon making a
ridged surface. The ribbon is then cut into suitable lengths and
rolled into spirals, the outside diameter of which is the same as the
diameter of the hole in the grid measured at its ‘smallest diameter,
These spirals are pushed into the holes and tightened by expanding,
when the plate is “formed” by charging,
A lead ribbon which has been ridged on one surface forms, when
FIG, 14.—DISCHARGE CURVE, CHLORIDE‘ ACCUMULATOR,
rolled into a spiral,.a pellet of active material which is very porous
and allows free circulation of the electrolyte through the plate.
The negative plates are the regular “chloride” type, made by cast-
ing the grid around the pellets of active material, these pellets being
placed in the moulds, This grid is of lead alloyed with a small
amount of antimony and cast tinder heavy pressure, to insure good
electrical contact between the pellets and the grid, and atso to make
gia QIZA OISA gosc 907c gogc otic gtgc gisc
Jit 13 5 5 7 9 33 5
45 54 3. 65 2!
4t 43 65
150 180 ry 243
104 196
3 43
6
m
6 7 4 10.8
533
the latter take firm hold of the pellets and obviate any danger of their
dropping out.
The pellets are made of finely powdered lead, which is dissolved
in nitric acid. The addition of hydrochloric acid to the solution pre-
IT oR ON EM AEE HCN
“ELECTRICAL WORLD anp ENGINEER.
cipitates the lead in form of lead chloride, The precipitate after be-
ing washed is melted with zine chloride and the fused mixture poured
into moulds the form of the pellets. These are approximately 34 of
an inch square, and the same thickness as the grid, namely, 4 inch.
The finished plates are placed between zinc plates and immersed
in a zinc chloride solution, On short circuiting the plates, the actions
set up are such as to remove the chloride, leaving the pellet in the
form of pure lead in a very porous state. The types manufactured
are denominated M, FV, MV, OV, PV, QV, RV, TV, UV and SV.
The various types of plates and cells, their sizes, capacities, cte., are
as given in the following table:
‘ ELEMENTS OF TYPE MV.
umber of plates,
Discharge in am-
peres for 3)
OUTS ee seeee
Sze of { Length.
lates. { Height...
jutside measure-
Weight in
Pounds.
It will be noted that the jars of 7 TV, 7 UV and 7 RV are higher
than those of the other types, This renders scaling unnecessary, as
the electrolyte does not fill the jar, there being about 4 inches be-
MISCELLANEOUS TYPES,
Number of Plates
tween the surface of the electrolyte and the top of the jar, which is
ample to prevent the liquid from slopping over. These can only be
used in automobiles, which have deep bodies giving sufficient head
room for the high jars.
‘The other types require to be sealed, which is done with a cover
made of hard shect rubber fitting tightly in the cell. It rests on sup-
FIG, 15.—EXIDE CELL,
ports below the top of the cell, and may be made water-tight at the
edges by a black composition put in in the form of fillet, one side of
which rests on the cover and the other rests Against the inner walls
of the cell. A small hole is made in the middle of the cover for
ventilation and escape of gas.
The connectors are generally U-shaped, the two ends being fas-
tened to two sets of plates, and the bend passing over the edge of
the jars that abut against each other. The clements in high jars are
connected by “flap top” connectors,
Several types of separators are used, one being made of corru-
gated hard rubber, pierced with a number of small holes through
which the electrolyte can circulate. In order to secure lightness, the
ie :
Vou. XXXVIIL, No. 14,
jars are made thin. They are sufficiently strong for rough usage
when put together in a tray, so that the contiguous cells or sides of
trays afford support, They are, however, not strong enough to be
used without trays or separated from adjacent jars. The table shows
FIG, 16,—DISCHARGE CURVE, EXIDE CELL,
that these cells give an average of .98 ampere or 1.86 watts per pound
gross weight at the 3-hour discharge rate.
A new automobile battery which the Electric Storage Battery Com-
pany has brought out, is called the “Exide Accumulator” (Fig. 15).
No information as to principles and construction is available. It is,
however, a form of pasted plate and much lighter than the “Chloride”
accumulator, as will be noted from the accompanying table:
TYPE PV “EXIDE"” BATTERY,
Ourinabber far, in
inched. +resoeveees
Elements wrecoves
Electrolyte .
Complete cell.
This shows that the capacity at the g-hour rate of discharge is 1.33
amperes, 2.53 watts, 3.90 ampere-hours, and
7.59 watt-hours per pound of cell,
THE WILUARD BATTERY.
This battery is made up of plates of the
Planté type, which are sheets of pure lead,
ribbed or grooved. The Willard plate is
grooved across the width of the plate, the
ribs not being perpendicular to its surface,
but making an angle with it; that is, the
cut is in a downward direction from the sur-
: : face to the center of the plate, which viewed
from the edge presents a “herring bone” cross section, the ribs slop-
ing upward, These ribs are very thin and flexible, and their surfaces
increase the active surface of the smooth plate to about 16 times its
original area.
On formation of the lead oxides on a positive plate, the active lead
is expanded, and in case of rapid charge this expansion may distort
FIG. 17,—WILLARD CELL,
the plate and cause buckling, or the pressing out of the active oxides,
The Willard cell, so the makers claim, is not subject to any deteriora-
tion or buckling, as the active oxides are formed between the ribs of
the plate and their expansion only opens out the ribs, separating them
a slight amount from each other, The manner of “forming” these
plates is not stated, but an examination indicates that the Process is
chemically alkaline.
The construction gives a plate without any joint whatever be-
tween the active and the conducting lead of each ‘plate, as each rib
is an integral portion of the plate. This results in a low internal re-
sistance. The makers state that by charging 20 minutes at double
the normal charge rate, then at one and one-half times for 10 minutes
rs
Ocroner 5, 1901, ELECTRICAL WORLD ano ENGINEER.
and one-fourth capacity for 20 minutes, the battery can be charged
within 50 minutes without any injury to or deterioration of same.
The capacity referred to is on a basis of 1-hour discharge.
The form of plate used permits high charging rates when the cell
is empty. It is also stated that this battery can be made to discharge
completely in 30 minutes without damage, though a higher rate is not
45-MINUTE CHARGING TABLE, WILLARD BATTERY,
Cell No. | 30 min, | smin, | smin, [| tomin, | smn,
1001 2 Amps. 2 AMPs. 6 amps.
1008 38 a ! é& me j B ue
t205 mB &4
1007 140 {
1107 178 i}
1109 ays
wut goo
ani 356
1115, 420
advisable. The separators are made of hard rubber, fashioned in
the form of a sheath, They are ribbed to secure strength and per-
forated to allow free circulation of electrolyte.
The makers do not claim extreme lightness for their batteries, as
FIG, 18,—WILLARD CELL AND PLATES,
their idea is that plenty of lead is required for durability, and that
light batteries are subject to more rapid deterioration than heavy ones.
Their automobile battery they claim is a compromise between the
weight necessary for durability and tightness required to prevent
vehicles from being too heavy and clumsy. In this compromise the
+ FIG, 19.—DISCHARGE CURVES, WILLARD CELLS,
makers believe that they have reduced the weight of the plates to the
lowest amount compatible with Jong life under the arduous service
to which automobile batteries are subjected, : ; ;
A series of curves is shown in Fig. 19, which gives, graphically,
the relation between voltage and time of discharge of the Willard
cell at varying rates of discharge. The uppermost curve shows this
relation on charge at the 8-hour rate,
The makers of the Willard battery manufacture two ‘types for aus
tomobile service, One is designated the “Standard,” and the other
the “Willard Special.” The accompanying tables give the data of
the two types: 2
WILLARD STANDARD.
Outside Dimensions Ampere-tour capacity when
in Inches, discharged in 3, 4, § or 6
iy hours,
Number,
200%
1005,
4205
1007
1107
1109
wut
143
ann
From the foregoing, it will be seen that the continuous output of
the “Standard” batteries averages .96 ampere, or 1.82 watts, per pound
gross weight, on a basis of 3-hour discharge rate, which is equivalent
to a total output of 2.88 ampere-hours, or 5.47 watt-hours, The
"Special" gives 1.01 amperes, or 1,92 watts, continuously for three
hours, being a total of 3.03 ampere-hours, or 5.75 watt-hours, per
pound gross weight.
PORTER BATTERY,
The construction of the Porter cell differs materially from other
types of pasted or chemically formed lead batteries, The plate or
grid itself for automobile work is 5 by 7 inches and ¥% inch thick.
It is composed of an alloy or compound which the manufacturers
state gives greater conductivity, greater resiliency and consequently
greater working capacity than the ordinary pure lead plate, and also
resists the action of the sulphuric acid in the electrolyte that upon
FIG, 20,—PORTER CELL.
lead produces sulphate of lead or the white precipitant which causes
go much of the trouble in the pure lead types. The active material
is secttrely held in the grid so that its greatest width isin the center
of the plate and the smallest surface is exposed. This not only acts
Ye
ih, cao ce
asa wedge, but also allows the material to do the greatest amount of
work with a minimum of wear, and greatly increases the Proportion
of capacity with the surface of active material exposed, at the ratio of
about 3% to 1,
The active material itself is treated before being
Outside Dimensions. Ampere-Hour Capacity,
Wile Long. 1 tgh. 3 Hours. {4 Hours. 5 Hours,
i 30 #
fe ai
108
12,
“formed,” and the relative distances, while in the forming process,
are increased and decreased proportionately, so that the interior is
also formed, and not alone the outer surface, as is ordinarily the case.
From the preceding table issucd by the manufacturers, it will be
noted that on a high discharge, such as is required in automobile
work, great capacity per pound weight is shown.
All the parts of cells are standard and interchangeable, which is
very desirable, In the method of working up the batteries, the cells
FIG, 21.—DISCHARGE CURVE, PORTER CELL,
‘ are all formed of equal capacity and all work within .os volts of each
other on an equal discharge, so that the danger from reversed cells
on a low discharge is extremely small. The curve of Fig. 21 refers
to a 12-Ib, cell discharging at a little over a 3-hour rate.
The efficiency on a constant-current, constant-potential circuit, on
a 434-hour charge, 334-hour discharge, is very high, standing a little
above 88 per cent, the charge on a 13-Ib, cell beitig 76 amperes, and the
discharge 67. On a constant potential graduated current the per-
centage of efficiency in ampere-hours is very much higher, The 25-lb.
FIGS, 22, 23 AND 24—AMERICAN BATTERY,
cell being started at so amperes and finished at 8 amperes, takes a
‘total of 260 ampere-hours, and discharging at a 6-ampere rate, 247
ampere-hours, or a little over 95 per cent. The average voltage on
this discharge is 1.9 volts per cell, so that the watt capacity of each
cell. would-be 494, and the weight per horse-power-hour would bea
Jittle fess than 4o lbs, On-a high discharge -rate, as required in
automobile work, the capacity is-necessarily reduced and the weight
is increased to-between 50 and 60 Ibs. per horse-power-hour.
Ege
aS ea
re
Mes
ELECTRICAL WORLD -anp ENGINEER,
Vou. XXXVIIL, No, 14.
This battery now holds the world’s record for long distance runs
in automobiles, having done in Chicago on Goo Ibs. weight, 18734
miles on a single charge in an electric Stanhope. As this was a very
light vehicle, the manufacturers do not consider it as a practical
demonstration for other vehicles. On 500 Ibs. of battery they have
tun a Woods road wagon at a speed of 10 miles per hour 80 miles on
a single charge. Ina Buffalo Electric Carriage Company's Stanhope,
over country and hilly roads, the wagon has run as high as 69 miles
on a single charge, equipped with a 4o-cell set, No, 11, Type A, Fig.
20 shows a No, 21, Type A cell, weighing 35 Jbs,, and having a ca-
pacity of 250 ampere-hours. It was with this type of cell that a run
of 15t miles was made at Cleveland, Ohio,
THE AMERICAN BATTERY,
This battery is made up of elements which are formed by grooving
pure shect lead, teaving a number of thin projecting ribs, The active
material is clectro-chemically formed, as is usual in such batterics,
The ribs are turned upwards,
The plates are supported by insulators, which lift them off the
bottom of the jar and also serve to separate the plates. The elements
are in this way suspended, and there is left a clear space in the bot-
tom for the circulation of electrolyte and the deposition of sediment
without danger of short circuiting, ‘
Tnterposed between the insulators and positive plates are thin per-
forated sheets of hard rubber which are put in as an additional pro-
tection against contact of plates and consequent short circuits,
The separation between the positive and negative plates is some-
what greater than is usual in lead batteries, being a full quarter of
an inch, This is to allow free circulation of electrolyte. This in-
creases the internal resistance but very slightly, and the size of the
cell for a given capacity. Following is a table of dimensions, weights
and capacities of the American batteries:
DIMENSIONS,
Hour Hour We ght.
Type, | 32hte ate, Length. Width, | Fleight, | Pounds.
' Inches, | Inches, Inches,
M. 8 3K 6 ’ to
4 7 6 ry 9 13
A. ot 1 9 6: t a 35
M. 2 1 2 6 3 9 ai
A. 3 a4 16 6: 3 mm a6
M3 az 18 6 4 . 30
A. 3 36 24 6 (4 7% 36
M. 4) 36 34 6 § 9 3
M. 5 4 go 6 7 9 4
£3] 278 | #1 ae | ae | #
A § 0 40 :
| Ay 6 72 48 4 a3. it 72
ij
aa
: tet}
ECE CEL
PLUt
x
WELL
reece
FIGS. 25 AND 26.—REUTERDAHL BATTERY,
These show .96 ampere, 1.824 watts, 2.88 ampere-hours and 5.47
watt-hours per pound weight of cell at 3-hour discharge rate,
THE REUTERDAHL BATTERY. ,
The clements of this battery consist of grids or plates of tead anti-
moniated so as not to be acted on by the electrolyte, imbedded in and
surrounded by a mass‘of active material. The plate or grid serves
only as a conductor. It is rendered dense and’ of low resistance by
casting under pressure. ‘ :
Ocrouer 5, 1901. ELECTRICAL WORLD anp ENGINEER. 545
The details as to.constituents of active material are not given. The
negative material is spongy lead and the positive lead peroxide. The
plates are formed partly by Planté and partly by Faure processes.
The active material after being pressed into a compact mass slir-
rounding the grid, is enveloped by a sheath that retains the material
in its proper position, and docs not allow it to fall away, This sheath
consists of a framework of hard rubber or chemically prepared wood
having a sheet of perforated hard rubber on cach side, These per-
forations are t-16 inch in diameter and spaced 34 inch between centers,
FIG, 27.—DISCHARGE CURVE, REUTERDAHL CELL.
The sheets of hard rubber are hejd against the frame by hard rubber
bolts passing through holes in the sheets and framework. These
bolts are of such length and so arranged that they serve to hold the
-'sheets.against the frame, and to separate the composite plates from
each other. Besides the bolts passing through the frame there are
bolts passing through the plate itself,
The purpose of these bolts is to hold the sheets of rubber at a
fixed distance apart and thus insure the retention of the active ma-
terial against the grid.
The interior bolts are so staggered that a bolt from one clement
does not abut against a bolt in the adjoining element but comes
against the sheets of rubber surrounding that clement, so that with
five bolts through cach there are 10 points of separation. The central
bolts thus serve the double purpose of retaining the sheets in proper
and definite retation to each other, as well as separating adjoining
elements. The sheet rubber allows for expansion of the active ma-
terial, as it combines flexibility and rigidity.
The chief difference between this and other lead storage batteries
consists in the retaining case and grid, which do not enter into the
electrolytic action at all, The life of the element therefore docs not
depend on the support, but on the active material only. The contain-
ing jar is of hard rubber, with ribs on the bottom on which the ele-
ments rest. All conductors are of antimonious lead cast under pres-
sure, The capacity of the Reuterdahl 22-Ib. cell at a 3-hour discharge
rate is given as follows: Amperes per pound, 1.5; watts per pound,
2.85; ampere-hours per pound, 4.5; watt-hours per pound, 8.55.
‘THE OSBURN BATTERY,
This battery belongs to the pasted plate class, and at present is
made exclusively for automobile work, The inventor, however, has
attacked the problem of low cost of battery per mile of vehicle travel
in an original and unusual way,
The manufacturers contend that durability is only one of the fac-
tors which make up the cost of maintenance and operation of an elec-
tric vehicle, and that it resolves itself into the question of total cost
of opcration per mile. In automobile work the questions of weight
and cost of carrying this weight must be considered. Lead being the
principal ingredient in a storage battery, and cach pound storing a
given amount of energy, the life is shorter with a light weight bat-
tery, but the battery also costs less. Therefore, it docs not appear
economical to pay for and transport for an entire year a sufficient
amount of lead for the succeeding year,
Mr. Osburn, therefore, has set to work to produce a battery in
which the elements will last from 6 to 12 months, and be light enough
to reduce the total weight carricd to a minimum, and the cost low
cnough to enable 2 complete replacement once or twice a year, and
still keep the cost of battery per mile within a reasonable limit,
This would certainly result in a satisfactory battery for the pur-
chaser, as the initial investment is low, the maintenance not more
than is usual with automobile batteries, and he would have a new
battery at the beginning of the second year instead of one partly
mere ares
woes
run down, With these ideas in view the Osburn battery was de-
veloped. ,
In the construction of the grid lies the principal difference between
it and the other varietics of pasted cells. These grids are made from
pure lead of special manufacture, and are stamped in presses into a
network of metal adapted to hold the active clement, and at the same,
time to furnish a connection to all parts of it, ;
The plate is formed from a thin shect of rolled lead. Rows of
small square holes are punched into the sheet, diagonal cuts are then
made from the corners of the holes, and the flap thus formed is
turned at right angles to ‘the surface of the plate, forming a series
of pockets for containing the active material, '
The thickness of the completed plate is equal to the sum of the
thickness of the lead and the pockets formed by the portions turned
at right angles. The opposite faces of the upturned portions form
the side walls of adjacent pockets, while the greater portion of the
edges are brought into contact with the active material, the only
portions of the plate thus not in contact being the side edges of the
sections. This insures a maximum amount of surface to the active
material, therefore resulting in a maximum rate of discharge for a
given weight. .
The active material consists of precipitated Jead mixed with lead
oxide and a small amount of some other chemical which the inventor
does not at this time care to make public, The material is pasted
into the grid and then subjected to pressure. The forming process
is the same as that usual in pasted plates. It should be noticed that
the applied material forms a continuous active surface, every part
of the grid being covered. The grid is therefore protected from the
action of the electrolyte, and disintegration avoided.
The negative plates are made much thinner and lighter than the
positive, as it has been found that the negatives may have their
weight and cross section decreased without altering the durability.of
FIG, 28,—-DISCILARGE CURVE, OSHURN BATTERY,
the battery, if the active surface be kept equal to that of the positives,
exclusive, of course, of the outside surfaces of the first and last
negative plates in cach group, which are inactive.
The separators are also of unusual construction. They are made
of thin, hard, sheet rubber 1-64 inch thick, Pairs of slits are made
at proper intervals in the sheet and woven through these slits are
round, hard rubber rods, These latter form vertical ribs that
strengthen the thin sheets and give a proper distance of separation
between the elements. The completed separator is 14 inch thick,
which is also the distance between plates, Up sa
The separators extend downwards below the ends of the plates,
and are held together by round, hard rubber’ rods, which ‘pass
through the lower ends of the ‘separators at fight angles to their
surfaces, each rod passing through all the separators, The jars gre
-the usual hard rubber variety, generally sealed, and vented by a small
hole in the center of the cover, , ae ath og rete
The standard cell consists of nine negative and eight positive plates,
cach plate being 714 inches by 234 inches. The size of the containing
jar is 334 inches by 51% inches by 10}4 inches, The electrolyte is 114
inches deep over the top edges of the plates. The complete cell
weighs 15 Ibs. gross; ‘
The following is the output per pound gross weight at the 3-hour
discharge rates .Amperes, ‘I-75 ;. Watts; 3.5 ;-ampert-hotrs, "5.253; watt=
hours, 10.5. Figi 28 shows a'dischatge curve ‘of- this ‘battery: at tlie
4hour rate, It willbe: seen that: the voltage holds up’ dtiove 2 volts
for 234 shours, thus keeping up‘the-average voltage and! wattage, -*
The inventor claims that a number'of-sets. of ‘these batteries have
<< over 2000 mites: before any .repairs wereenecded.: Cat
aie Theory of the
Lo the Editors of Electrical (Vorld and Engineer:
Sirs.—I five
issue of Qct. 12
rical Nou
read with interest the letter of Dr. Rocber in your‘. :
in regard to concentration changes in the pores of
vs ¢{the plates of the Edison accumulator, and also your suggestive edi-
torial comment on the letter,
Undoubtedly such changes take place, Whenever a current passes
{through an “electro-chemical field” from anode to cathode, as is
ot well known, there is a concentration of the kations at the cathode
and anions at the anode, This can be explained by the ionic theory
on the Sround that the ions bear electric charges and ‘the electro-
static attraction due to the Potential drop causes them to move
| slowly through the electrolyte. This electro-chemical movement is
comparable to the falling of fine particles through a retarding me-
dium under the influence of gravity, For example, there is 2 complete
analogy between the mechanical falling of precipitated chalk through
water and the electro-chemical transport of copper from anode to
cathode in electro-plating. The friction of the particles is so great
that they move not with accelerated motion, but ata constant velocity,
Granted, however, that there are such concentration changes and
that the caustic potash solution becomes more concentrated at the
nickel superoxide plate and more dilute at the iron plate, such changes
would have small effect on the voltages of the cell,
The cm, £, of the nickel superoxide plate against hydrogen would
be at different concentrations,
Cy ey = 2258 log u
where Piand pz are the aqueous tensions of the two caustic solutions.
A similar formula comes in for the positive plate. This would show
that the change from a 20 per cent solution to a 1 per cent solution
would make very slight difference in the voltage of the cell (not much
over 0,03 volt), and not at all sufficient to account for the steady drop
of voltage of the new accumulator, In the lead cell we have, how-
ever, for acid of density 1.496 a voltage of 2.29, and for acid of den-
sity 1.028 a voltage of 1,83—a difference of 0.46 volt,
So this drop in voltage due to concentration changes in the Edison
cell is not at all comparable to the change of ‘voltage due to concen-
tration of acid in the lead accumulator, where a more complicated
formula, duc to the fact that both the dissolved substance and the
solvent take part in the electro-chemical reaction,
(Pb Os-+ Pb+- 2 H:— SO. = 2 Ph S0.-+- 2H, 0)
must be deduced, We also see from the above equation that the
changes in concentration in the pores of the plates are much more
important with the lead cell than with the new Edison accumulator,
as well as producing more effect on the voltage.
The change in the resistance of the Edison electrolyte in the pores
Of the plate is negative; that is, the resistance of the positive increases
more than the negative decreases. This will account for some of the
fall in the discharge, but not for all. “
The drop is probably due in great part to the fact that at first. the |
current acts electro-chemically on the particles of oxide in the best |
electrical contact with the plate, and at the end of discharge must !
find as its depolarizer, oxide electrically remote from the plate. A |
corresponding drop will be found also at the iron plate. The most
important consideration is the resistance of the briquettes as affected
by changes of the discharge and charge as well as by changes of the
resistance of the electrolyte. Certain compounds as NiS, FeS, PbS,
FeO, PbO:, and CuO act as fairly good conductors of the first class.
In the Edison cell, the oxides must be conductors to some extent.
The probable reason for the so-called electro-chemical “passivity”
is the fact that the products of the electrolysis are insulators; and so
protect inside layers. The strength of the lead cells is in the Pb and |. :
. PbO; as metallic conductors, while conversely its weakness lies in
the lead sulphate. The strength of the new Edison accumlator partly
lies, no doubt, in the fact that the products of the electro-chemical
action conduct, but largely also in the skillful combination of me- |: °
chanicat and electro-chemical treatment in the manufacture of the |’
plates by the inventor. °" ” Wootsty McA. Jonnson,
Trinity Cotece, Hartrorp, Conn.
und the electrolyte a solution of ammoni-
um chloride; While the battery rapidly lost |
; anity its charge on open circuit, extraordinary
| in ite turn a sourea of now Powel biRCss ellicieney and great power were claimed tt
and points the way for new directions 5, it agg regulating cell. Surely in this
évomber 28, 1901
ELECTRICAL REVIEW _ , a
” | of endeavor. Rather than be pessimistic, We direction there Ja much that will repay re- |
: : i should:all be permeated with hopefulness, search, : rn ‘ : , :
"| sop the outlook is distinctly promising in ‘The principle of the Grove gas battery wi E ] ec tric al: thin plates, having numerous perfora- same time, he employs an alkahno zincate
(eo fot write een ') seems not to have been followed as ngsidu- dl ae tions, therein and with the usual lugs at solution, an electrode of metallicmagnesium
P a t en t S the bottom and top by means of which upon which the zinc is deposited during
oT
i irecti f electrical aire
practloally: “avery. divection -of-elp ously by experimenters as the promise it
Mr. Thomas A, Edison, of Llewellyn
the plates may bo assembled and elec-
the charging operation, and a second elec-
. activity. hol vould t. Practically
i i? holds forth would sugges 7 netically : , 3 co
‘ff THH STORAGE BATTERY. | any reversible chemical reaction will serve i ; Park, New Joraey, has patented a revers ee eu: we ne oe page ce Eo Rauiadee dl ee
-/ Whe records of the Patent Oflice give} as the fundamental basis for making a t- ble galvanic battery. Ho utili ‘ 8 busily perio gaesium — tel roly y-active oxide o
re i aa tl battery, and it is to be hoped that giv J: He utilizes metallic Plates the zine deposit is more adherent, mickel or cobalt, preferably intimately
' evidence of renewed activity on the part} storage ba ery, ina Hinne was iblewed magnesium ag the support upon which while at the same time the deposit is moro mixed with a flake-like inert conducting
pee Ne a eee 4. the zine is electro-deposited when the evenly distributed over the entire surface material, such as flake graphite. Cobalt
{
t
t
:
BE duvettons:t- tne eeomna: battery elt the great variety of substances from which
During the past yenr i nutaar of paren ss . choice may be made, some act of chemical
of evident great importance have been ig-) ements and some reaction among them
sued, and several entirely new types of | may be found which will result in the pro-
storage batteries have been brought out.{ duction of a type of cell at once lighter,
In this issue is illustrated a new type’ stronger and more efficient than those now
formic ioe se aut Veen gaia 7 While invention has been active im-
MrT) Ai idieon:<- This: battery ig. quite provement has been steadily made in the
different from the iron-nickel-potash cell] jond colt until it has been made as good
recently produced by the same inventor,| or better than the most ardent expecta-
though, like the latter, considerably differ-} tions of its originators foresaw. The engi-
neers who have developed the storage bat-
tery and the capitalists who have financed
its exploitation are both deserving of all
ent from the ordinary forms.
./ So far the first serious attempt to devise
{ . set. ite
1 buttery in which lead ogee of its) the credit that can be assigned them, credit
compounds does not enter is that of Mr. | jot only for efficient work but for wees
Edison, and it is to be hoped that his ef- plished results.
forts will meet with commercial success. |-~--—---——--—>
It is useless here to dwell upon the eom-
mercial importance of a design of storage
battery having smaller intrinsic weight
than the lead types of cell now in general
use. Tor one thing, the automobile prob-
lem would be solved by the production of |
such a cell, while many other uses suggest
themselves immediately.
In France, the last two years have been . : '
productive of some very interesting re-
sults in the testing of batteries of a sort|”
perhaps best described us plated metal
cells. In these the electrolyte is a salt of
a metal, such as zinc or cadmium, and the|
latter is deposited ‘on the negative elec-|
trode during charge and dissolved off dur-
ing discharge. Investigations along this
line certainly seem promising and doubt-
less will lead to important commercial re-
cults,
In another type of cell the electrolyte is
such as can be decomposed into an acid and ;
1 n buse by the passage of current, and the
reunion of these two produces the current
of discharge, Such # battery was brought
out by a Spanish savané about three yeurs
ago, the electrodes being of porous carbon
re
battery is reversed after discharging.
Magnesium standing higher in the elec-
trie series of active metals than zine, ob-
viously can not produce any action.on tho
latter, Therefore, if an electric action
did occur in the battery between the met-
als, it would necessarily affect the mag-
nesium and not the zine. However, in
practice the magnesium is not attacked,
but remains absolutely neutral. There is
no local action between the two metals,
and neither hydrogen nor zine hydroxide
is formed, as was the case with batteries
of the type heretofore made employing
‘zine as the active material in an alkaline
solution, With this battery the zine’ is
plated out ofthe solution upon the mag-
nesium support in a dense and adherent
form, and even with a large volume of
current very considerable amounts of zinc
can be thus deposited before the surface
‘assumes a non-coherent character. He
can not positively explain why the mag-
nesium is not attacked and why local ac-
tion does not take place thereon, a8 ordi-
‘narily magnesium is much more oxidiz-
able than zinc. He believes, however, a3
’ the result of numerous experiments, that
the phenomenon is satisfactorily ex-
plained by the supposition that the mag-
nesium is coated with an extremely thin
layer of oxide, insoluble in the liquid,
and that the zine is deposited upon the
film of oxide and not upon the metal itself.
Tf this supposition is correct, then the
electric charges of the zinc ions apparently
pass to the metal through this Jayer. In
this improved battery he prefers to use,
copper oxide as the negative clement.
Finely divided copper is preferred, which
is first moulded in form, then subjected
to heat, so as to convert it into the black
oxide, after which it is finally reduced to
metallic: copper by electrolytic action, so
that in charging it will be reoxidized by
.the current to the red oxide (Cu,0).
The copper oxide so treated in the form
of blocks or cakes of the desired size is
preferably supported by perforated re-
ceptacles attached to nickel or nickel-
plated plates. The solution employed is
about a twenty per cent solution of
caustic soda, to which zinc hydroxide .is
added until it is nearly saturated. The
_™Magnesium supports are in the form. of
than if the- plates are imperforate, in
which latter case.a very much greater de-
posit takes place at the edges thereof than
at any other point. The negative ele-
ments are formed of nickel or nickel-
plated plates, carrying perforated nickel
or nickel-plated pockets or receptacles, se-
cured ‘thereto, the plates’ being formed
o
SronacE Battery,
with lugs by which they may be assem-
bled and electrically connected in the
usual way, When the cell is in a neutral
or fully discharged condition, the copper
oxide plates or blocks will be reduced to
the metallic state and the zine will be in
solution. In charging, the copper is oxi-
dized and converted to the red oxide
(Cu,0), while the zinc is deposited clec-
trically upon the magnesium electrodes.
The charging is continued: until about
seventy-five per cent of the zine in the so-
‘lution is thus deposited, whereupon the
ecll is ready to be discharged. In dis-
charging, obviously, the reverse operations
* take place, the copper oxide being con-
verted to the metallic state and the zinc
going back into the solution. The volt-
age of this battery is 0.67 volt, In dis-
charging it will be found that a point is
reached where the voltage falls consider-
ably, due to. the approach to exhaustion
of the oxygen in the copper, and the dis-
charge should not be permitted to take
place materially beyond that point. The
positive and negative elements are prop- .
serly connected and are supported in a
suitable enclosing jar, hermetically sealed
from the air, the jar being provided with
a vent for the escape of any gas generated
therein. In another buttery, patented at the
is not considered as desirable for use as
nickel owing to its greater cost and to the
fact that it is slightly soluble in an alka-
line electrolyte. The electrode for sup-
porting the depolarizing material is made,
preferably, of sheet stecl carefully nickel- *
plated so as to be unattacked by the al-
kaline solution, and provided with pock-
ets or receptacles having perforated walls
and within which the depolarizing 1a0-
terial is maintained under pressure, so as
to be at all times in good electrical con-
tact with such walls, said pockets or re-
eeptacles being made of very thin nickel-
plated sheet steel high in carbon, so as to
be . sufficiently elastic to accommodate .
changes in bulk of the active material.
Herr Arthur Lehmann, residing in Ber-
-lin, Germany, has also obtained a patent
in this country on a new process for pre-
paring secondary battery plates, the object
of the invention being to shorten the time
required for the production of the plates.
“The lead electrodes coming from -the
founding machine are made to show a
chemically pure metallic surface, for which
purpose brushes or a jet of sand-blast are
used. These plates are then conveyed into
a bath containing a solution of an organic
acid. The acid can be palmitic acid,
stearic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, etc.,
or any one of the fatty acids. In this bath
the electrodes are exposed to an electric
eurrent for a certain Jength of time. In
this bath, under the action of the elec-
trie current, the plates are rendered
more receptive and the surface is in-
creased similar to ribbed plates.’ The re-
actions taking place are for the applica-
tion of oxalic noid (C,0,H,). The acid
decomposes under the influence of the
electrical current, and 0,0,combines with
Pb to 0,0,Pb (oxalate of lead), When
carbonate of sodinm is added to the
oxalic acid, there is formed first from
0,0,H,; and Na,00, 0,0,Na,00,H,0.
From the oxalate of sodium 0,0,Na, there
takes place another separation into Nay
and 0,0,, the latter combining with Pb.
Tt hag been found that the lead electrodes
are attacked more intensely in the bath
containing an organic acid if the acid solu-
tion in the sath is neutralized or made
alkaline by the addition of carbonate of
sodium. After. the. current hos been
pate TAT RO rr
oN
ee | in its turn a source of new possibilities,
i
{
|
ved
a Dees
Vc ag Se ee
Ty and notably increasing.
development that is made brings with it
and points the way for new directions
| of endeavor. Rather than be pessimistic, we
should-all be permeated with hopefulness,
for the outlook is distinctly promising in
practically every direction of electrical
adtivity,
/ THE STORAGH BATTERY.
The records of the Patent Office give
evidence of renewed activity on the part
of inventors in the storage battery field.
During the past year a number of patents
of evident great importance have been is-
sued, and several entirely new types of
Hl
f
i
+
In this issue is illustrated a new type
for which patents have just been granted
Mr. ‘I. A, Edison. ‘This battery is quite
different from the iron-nickel-potash cell
recently produced by the same inventor,
though, like the latter, considerably differ-
ent from the ordinary forms.
| So far the first serious attempt to devise
fy battery in which lead or some of its
compounds does not enter is that of Mr.
Edison, and it is to be hoped that his ef-
|
1
t
i
i
It is useless here to dwell upon the com-
mercial importanee of a design of storage
; battery having smaller intrinsic weight
than the lead types of cell now in general
use. Tor one thing, the automobile prob-
lem would be solved by the production of |
such a cell, while many other uses suggest
themselves immediately.
In France, the last two years have been
productive of some very interesting re-
sults in the testing of batteries of a sort|*
perhaps best described us plated metal
cells. In these the electrolyte is a salt of
a metal, such as zine or cadmium, and the
lntter is deposited ‘on the negative elec-| |
trode during charge and dissolved off dur-
ing discharge. Investigations along this
line certainly seem promising and doubt-
less will lead to important commercial re-
cults,
In another type of cell the electrolyte is
such as can be decomposed into an acid und
a base by the passage of current, and the
; rennion of these two produces the current
of discharge, Such a battery was brought
out by a Spanish savant about three years
a ago, the electrodes being of porous carbon
i storage batteries have been brought out.|
and the electrolyte a colution of ammoni-
wn chloride; While the battery rapidly lost
its charge on open cireuit, extraordinary
efliciency and great power were claimed -
for it as a regulating cell. Surely in this
direction there is much that will repay re-
search.
The principle of the Grove gas battery
scems not to have been followed as assidu-
ously by experimenters as the promise it
holds forth would suggest. Practically
any reversible chemical reaction will serve
us the fundamental basis for making a
storage battery, and it is to be hoped that
from the many combinations possible and
the great variety of substances from which
. choice may be made, some set of chemical
elements ‘and some reaction among them
may be found which will result in the pro-
duction of a type of cell at once lighter,
stronger and more efficient than those now
in use. 7
While invention has been active im-
provement has been steadily made in the
lead cell until it has been made as good
or better than the most ardent expecta-
tions of its originators foresaw. The engi-
neers who have developed the storage bat-
tery and the capitalists who have financed
its exploitation are both deserving of all
the credit that can be assigned them, credit
not only for efficient work but for accom-
plished results,
forts will mect with commercial success. |-—-—---------~ Se ee
fs
ss 8
634
passed through the solution the alkaline
solution becomes acid, and it is thought
that the organic acid employed is more
effective in the nascent state. From the
deep coloring of the positive plates can be
judged whether the plates have beei ‘at-
tacked sufficiently. In that case the plates
are removed, washed in running water,
and then hung up in a bath containing lye
of caustic soda, After the plates have
been exposed to the lye of cauatic soda for
a certain time they are again washed in
running water and dried, so that nothing
remains of the organic acid used to attack
the plate and to make it a conductor. For
the further formation of accumulators aul-
phurie acid can be used. In the sulphuric
acid the plates are then exposed to the clec-
tric current for about fifty hours, and they
can then be considered ready for use.”
Another patent has just been issued to
Mr. ‘Nikola ‘Tesla, the present invention
relating to apparatus for the utilization
of what the inventor calls radiant energy,
such as the sun’s rays and the like. It is
well known that certain radiations—such
as those of ‘ultra-violet light, cathodic,
Reentgen rays, or the like—possess the
property of charging and discharging con-
ductors of electricity, the discharge being
particularly noticeable when the conductor
upon which the rays impinge is negatively
electrified. ‘These radiations are generally
considered to be ether vibrations of ex-
tremely small wave-lengths, and in ex-
planation of the phenomena noted it has
been assumed by some authorities that
they ionize or render conducting the at-
mosphere through which they are propa-
gated. Mr, ‘Lesla’s experiments and ob-
servations, however, have led -him to con-
clusions more in accord with the theory
heretofore advanced by him that sources
of such radiant energy throw off with great
velocity minute particles of matter which
are strongly electrified, and therefore
capable-of charging an electrical con-
ductor, or, even if not so, may at any rate
discharge an electrified conductor, either
by carrying off bodily its charge or other-
wise. ‘The present invention is based upon
a discovery, which he claims to have made,
that when rays or radiations ‘of the above
kind are permitted to fall upon an in-
sulated conducting body connected to one
of the terminals of a condenser while the
other terminal of the same is made by
independent means to receive or to carry
away electricity, a current flows into the
condenser’so long as the insulated body
is exposed to the rays, and under the condi-
tions hereinafter specified an indefinite
accumulation of electrical energy in the
cénilenser takes‘place. This enbrgy, after"
ELECTRICAL REVIEW
a suitable time interval, ‘during which the
rays are allowed to act, may manifest it-
self in a powerful discharge, which -may
be utilized for the operation or control
of mechanical’ or electrical devices or
rendered useful in many other ways. -In
applying this discovery Mr, Tesla provides
a condenser, preferably of considerable
electrostatic capacity, and connects one of
its terminals to an insulated metal plate
or other conducting body exposed:to the
rays or streams of radiant matter. It is
very important, particularly in view of
the fact that electrical energy is generally
supplied at a very: slow rate to the con-
denser, to construct the same with the
greatest care. He uses, by preference, the
est quality of mica as dielectric, taking
every possible precaution in insulating the
armatures, so thattheinstrument may with-
stand great electrical pressures without
leaking, and may leave no perceptible elec-
trification when discharging instantancous-
ly. Obviously, the above precautions
should be more rigorously observed, the
slower the rate of charging and the small-
er the time interval during which the en-
ergy is allowed to accumulate in the con-
denser. The insulated plate or conduct-
ing body should present as large a surface
as practicable to the rays or streams of
matter, he having ‘ascertained thet the
amount of energy conveyed to it per unit
of time is under otherwise identical con-
ditions proportionate to the area exposed,
or nearly so. Furthermore, the surface
should be clean and preferably highly pol-
ished or amalgamated. ‘The second termi-
nal or armature of the condenser may be
connected to one of the poles of a battery
or other source of clectricity or to any con-
ducting body or object whatever of such
properties, or so conditioned that by its
means electricity of the required sign will
be supplicd to the terminal.’ A simple
away of supplying positive or negative clec-
tricity to the terminal is to connect the
_ same either to an insulated conductor sup-
ported at some height in the atmosphere
or to a grounded conductor, the former,
as"is ‘well Xnown; ‘furnishing positive ‘and
ce a
Vol: 89—No, 21
the latter negative clectricity. As the rays
‘Or supposed streams of matter generally
convey a positive charge to the first con-
denser terminal, which is connected to the
plato or conductor above mentioned, the
second terminal of the’ condenser ia usual.
ly conneeted to tho ground, this being tlio
most convenient way of obtaining negative
clectricity, dispensing with the necessity
of providing an artificial source. ‘In order
to utilize for any useful purpose ‘the en:
ergy accumulated in the condenser, thero
is furthermore connected to the terniinals
of the same a’ circuit including an instin-
mient or apparatus which it is ‘desired to
operate and another instrumézit or device
for alternately closing and opening the
circuit. ‘This Jitter may be any form of
circuit controller, with fixed or movable
parta or electrodes, which may be actuated
either by the stored energy or by independ.
ent means; The discovery willbe more
fully understood from the accompanying
drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a diagram
showing the general arrangement of ap-
paratus as usually employed. Trig. 2 isa
similar diagram illustrating more in de-
tail typical forms of the devices or ele.
ments used in practice. As illustrative of
the manner in which the several parts or
elements of the apparatus in one of its :
simplest forme are to be arranged and
connected for useful operation, reference.
is made to Fig. 1, in which C is the con-
denser, P tho insulated plate or conduct-
ing body which is exposed to the rays,
and P’ another plate or conductor which
is grounded, al] being joined in scrica, ag
shown, The terminals T T’ of the con-
@enser are also connected to a’ circuit
which includes © device R to be operated
and a cirenit-controlling device d of the
character above referred to. ‘The appara.
tus being arranged as shown, it will: be
found that when the radiations of the sun
or of any other source capable of produc.
ing the effects before described fall upon
the plate P an acctmulation of electrical
energy in the condenser C will result,
This phenomenon is best explained as
* follows: The sun, a8 well as other sources
of radiant energy, throws off minute parti.
cles of matter positively electrified, which,
impinging upon the plate P, communicate
continuously an electrical change to the
same, ‘The opposite terminal of the con-
denser being connected to the ground,
which may be considered as a vast reser-
voir of negative electricity, a feeble eur-
rent flows continuously into the condenser,
and inasmuch 28 the supposed particles
are of an inconceivably small radius of
curvature, and consequently charged to a,
relatively very ~high-poteritial; this-charg.
se
Tae
ee Sah
ain
' November 23, 1901
ing of the condenser may continue, as has
| been actually observed, almost indefinitely,
; even to the point of rupturing the diclec-
' trie, If the device d be of such character
| that it will operate to close the circuit in
which it is included when the potential in
! the condenser has reached a certain magni-
| tude, the accumulated charge will pass
i through the circuit, which also includes
the receiver R, and operate the latter. Tig.
| 2/is an illustration of a particular form
{
of apparatus which may be used in carry-
ing out the discovery. In this figure,
which in the general arrangement of the
clements is identical to Fig. 1, the de
vice d is shown as composed of two very
thin condueting plates ¢ ¢’, placed in close
proximity and very mobile, either by rea-
son of extreme flexibility or owing to the
character of their support. To improve
their action they should be enclosed in a
receptacle from which the air may be ex-
hausted. The plates ¢ ¢' are connected in
series with a working circuit, including a
suitable receiver, which in this case is
shown as consisting of an electromagnet
M, a removable armature a, a retractile
spring 8, and a ratchet-wheel w, provided
with a spring pawl +, which is pivoted to
armature a, ns illustrated. When the ra-
diations of the sun or other radiant source
fall upon plate P, a current flows into the
condenser, as above explained, until the
potential therein rises sufficiently to at-
tract and bring into contact the two plates
i? and thereby close the circuit connected
to the two condenser terminals. This per-
mits a flow of current which energizes the
magnet M, causing it to draw down the
armature a and impart a partial rotation
to the rntchet-wheel w. As the current
ceases the armature is retracted by the
spring b, without, however, moving the
; Wheel w. With the stoppage of the current
the plates £ ¢’ cease to be attracted and
separate, thus restoring the circuit to its
original condition, —
Mr. Noble Jones, a resident of Spar-
rows Point, Md., has just obtained a patent
on a fuse cutout which he claims will
ordinarily prevent the areing when the
fuse is melted and, in any event, will con-
fine the fire due to arcing should it occur
to the fuse box or block. A fuse box is
made in the ordinary manner, comprising
a porcelain body having binding-posts, to
which the line wires are attached, a pair
of the posts carry clamping screws to
which the ends of the fuse wires are se-
cured, Located contiguous to, but insu-
Inted from, the other posts are other
clamping screws to. which the opposite
ends of the Tuse wi te secured. The
éntion ‘residés it
ST RN TREE EEE nn A BS eget
een eres
ELECTRICAL REVIEW
a pair of magnets arranged in suitable
sockets in the block, one of the magnets
being disposed beneath each fuse wire.
‘The cores of these magnets are of soft iron,
and are wound with wire of a gauge suit-
able to the current passing through the
block. These magnet wires are each con-
nected at one end with one of the in-
sulated clamping screws and at the other
Maenetio Fuse Cutout.
with the corresponding binding-post, so
that the, magnets are in series with the
fuse wires, When the current becomes ex-
eessive, and sufficient to cause the fuse to
melt, the are thus formed will be blown
out or extinguished by the action of the
magnet arranged directly beneath it. Thus
all danger of fire from this cause is re-
moved, the effect being produced by the
magnetic field established above the mag-
net and to which the fuse is exposed.
M. Paul Chapuy, residing at Vincennes,
France, has just obtained a patent in this
country on a novelty in the line of elec-
tric batteries. He provides 1 body com-
posed of some porous material that resists
the action of the electrolyte, and in this
hody embed the positive and negative ele-
ments, which are insulated from each other
by the body. ‘These bodics he describes as
being formed of pure clay or kaolin and of
a flux, the whole being compounded with
coal, carefully sifted to the required size
and free from impurities or ashes. ‘The
WADA RD
Kelli
Lele
WANNA
N)
ZA,
+
Le,
eal EN
Evecrnie Barrery,
ingredicnts are crushed and mixed in a
mill, then moulded into the requisite
forms and dried, after which they are
baked at a temperature exceeding 1,200
degrees centigrade. This burns out the
coal, leaving a porous structure. The
cavities for the reception of the electrodes
may be formed in the blocks or -bodies,
while they are being made or after they
tre completed.
A telephone relay has been patented by
Herr Bela Gati, of Temesvar, Austria-
Hungary, It consists, in general, in caus-
ing the telephonic currents to modify the
current feeding the are’ of an are. lamp,
63
modifications and transferring euch mag.
nified modifications of current by in
duetion to another circuit containing tele.
phonic receiving apparatus. A transform.
er or induction coil is provided, the pri
mary winding of which is in the trans.
mitting circuit, The secondary winding:
of this induction coil is located in a cir-!
cuit which includes the generator and a:
are lamp, as well as the primary windin
of another induction coil. The wires lea
to a telephone receiver, and they include’
the secondary winding of the second in
duetion ¢oil. The are lamp is preferabl
of the continuous-current type, requirin,
about forty-five volts electro-motive fore
and from three to ten amperes. The fune
tion of the generator is to supply the nor
mal are in the lamp. ‘The operation is as\s'
follows: The weak telephonic currents!
traversing the transmitting circuit act by nh
induction upon the lamp circuit, causing’ i
J
C
Tenernony REeway,
corresponding increases and decreases of
eurrent therein. An increasing impulse
of current will cause the carbons of the
lamp to approach eachother, which will
result in a corresponding decrease of re-
sistance in the lamp cireuit, and; accord-
ing to Ohm’s law, this decrease in resist-
ance will result in an inerease of current
from the generator. ‘This resulting in-
crease of current will be much greater than
f
a:
the impulse from the telephonic circuit }
which originated it or was responsible for f
it, and this amplified current, flowing in
the cireuit-connecting gonerator and lamp, ¥
will correspondingly affect the second in-
duction coil and send out to the receiving ff
telephone in the circuit a much stronger
impulse than was created by the voice in
the transmitting circuit. Likewise every
impulse traversing the transmitting cir.
cuit affects the are in the lamp and is pro- }
portjonately magnified by the lamp and ¥,
sent out.onto the receiving circuit through §
the second induction coil. Lesser impulses f
act with less effect upon the are, and af”
wider difference takes place in the second
induction coil. ;
—.—__.
The Canadian Electrolytic Company, of
Montreal, Quebec, has applied for incor-
poration to manufacture salt, lime, soda,
ete, Its capital stock is $300,000. Among]:
the applicants are Mr. Harry Bates, of
Boston, Mass., and Mr, Walter Mitchell;|’
of Montreal,’ eo eS ae
thus ‘auising" the lump to magnify auch
the magnetic field to maintain the bridge, or in which means are
provided for positively progressing the ore through the tubular
* magnets, “
The patent affords no data regarding the strength of field neces-
. sary to maintain this bridge across the very heat zone of the furnace,
nor does it discuss the question, vital as regards the practical opera-
tion of the method, of the relation between the critical temperature
of the ore and the temperature at which the agglomeration occurs,
ca es,
The Edison Storage Battery,
Ever since Dr. A. &, Kennelly read his admirable paper last May
before the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, on the Edison
iron-nickel storage battery, the keenest interest in the subject has
been taken not alone by the electrical profession but by those en-
gaged in many other fields of industrial application, notably that of
automobilism. This interest has again been stimulated by the loan
exhibit at the recent automobile show in Madison Square Garden
of a complete cell of the battery. The cell was y2 inches high, 2
inches thick, 5 inches wide,-and weighed 7% Ibs, giving 120 watt-
hours, or 46 lbs, per horse-power-hour. The cell was also shown in
its detail parts, and the steel plates excited much comment and sur-
prise, being in sharp contrast to the familiar ones of Jead.
The publicity given to Mr. Edison’s work has led people to ex-
pect to buy the battery even now in the open market, and the dis-
appointment* expressed jn many quarters is not fair to the dis-
tinguished inventor, The Kennelly paper was presented last spring
against Mr. Edison's desire, but in compliance with an universal re-
quest that he would “show his hand” and tell the public what it was |
that he was working at jn storage batteries. In the interval, Mr.
Edison, who has always {ogked upon the Institute as the proper chan-
nel for these important communications,.has maintained an absolute |
silence, but it would be the wildest mistake to suppose that he had
also been idle. One thing can always be predicated about Mr. Edi-
son, viz., that whether he talks or abstains from speech he is always
hard at work, Indeed, although he has now reached the term of
life where men of great achievement may rest on'their laurels in dig-
nified ease, it may be questioned whether he hag ever followed up
anything with more unrelenting zeal and enthusiasm than he has
displayed in the unremitted work given to this his latest and, in some
respects, his greatest invention.
Last June note was made in these pages of the formation of the
Edison Storage Battery Company, with a capital of $1,000,000, and
since then reference has been made to the establishment of a fac-
tory at Glen Ridge, N, J,, not far from the Edison Laboratory, for
the production of the battery. This means a good deal more than
the superficial signs would indicate. At this present moment, the
Glen Ridge factory is so far advanced that the manufacture of bat-
teries will begin with the new year, and deliveries should come
early in the spring. The inquiries and orders ate such as to ensure
that there will be no accumulation of the output, although provision
has been made for an {nitial production of 100 horse-power capacity
~ daily, although this Mr, Edison looks: upon only as.an entering
wedge. The factory was originally a plant for the manufacture of
fine jewelry, and some of its machinery is still available, but it has
_ been thoroughly renovated and modernized, and a large amount of
new imachinery, tools, ec, has been put in. The main building is
three stories, in addition to which there'are large wings comprising
machine shop, drying rooms, nickel-plating plant, ete. Dynamos,
engines, boilers, etc, are already in place, and the machine shop
has a fine equipment, including some special apparatus.
A mile or two away—the distance, depending on which road you
take—is the Edison chemical plant at Silver Lake, Here the well-
known Edison-Lalande battery has been made for some years past,
‘and now the chemical plant necessary for the new storage battery
has been added. Several aeres of fand have also been acquired, the
site being an ideal one for manufacturing uses, and the plan being
ee PEA Sa te ee
‘tained in the new battery? Analyzing the cost of electric automobile
‘subjected to the severest brutality that such an appliance could ever
_ be supposed to endure in actual service, the element of depreciation,
e
Of an inch all told— the separators are naturally thin to be in, keep
to carry out here whatever extensive changes may be found neces-
saty in the future, rather than in residential Glen Ridge, or in the |
crowded Edison works g¢ Orange. Large shops have already been
* “built at Silver Lake for the new “enterprise. One of these, will be
devoted to the water digtiffation ‘plant. Another will be devoted to
‘the. treatment of the nickel, and. is already cquipped with the neces-
sary, vats, etc. A third targe shop is occupied by the plant for pre-
paring the iron oxide ang the graphite. All embody many novelties
i, construction and equipment, and show that not'only has'a master
mind been actively employed on the various problems, but that no
small amount of executive ability has been given to the task of
Preparation. Indeed, at the present time, the attention is incessant
that is being given to the subject by Mr. Edison's staff, especially
ae W. S. Mallory, W. E, Gilmore, F, R, Upton and J.-M,
ill,
When interviewed on the subject last week, Mr. Edison expressed
himself with the firmest conviction as to the real success he has at-
operation, he pointed out that by far the largest Percentage of cost
lay in the, element of depreciation, Under the most rigorous tests,~
as‘shown by ‘the records, appears to have dwindled to an inappre-
ciable minimum. These tests now extend virtually over a couple
of years, but are still being persisted in, with the object of determin-
ing any weakness, wherever it may lurk, As to the cost of the cell, Mr.
Edison proposes to market it somewhere around the present cost of
lead batteries, So far as can be ascertained, the type of cell noted
above is the standard, such as would be used, for example, in auto-
mobile work. But it would appear that for Stationary work far
larger grids can be used; indeed, there is said to.be no valid reason |:
why they should not be 10 ft. high, or even as big as the side of a
house, For separators between the plates, several successful types
have been used, some of which are quite original, As a matter of},
fact the cell is so full of plates there is little room provided for either:
separators or the potash solution; but with plates so thin—one-tenth}
ing. The containing boxes are, as has already been noted, of steel,,.*.:
The weight of the solution is put at not to exceed 20 per cent of the
plate weight, 0...’ hia: poate
Ny
SSIS TTR,
. eS,
8 ’
f ‘ ‘ s
i : : : DeceMner 7, 1
| 7 . 7, 1901, ELECTRICAL WORLD anno ENGINEER. 93t
| F Theory of the Edison Nickel-Iron Cell. where » is the valency and } represents Naperian or natural lo-
f ; ' : 7 ae Sener: garithms. . : r
} “ ; By E, F, Roener, Pit.D. According to Van't Hoff there exists an analogy between the laws
\ AVE read with much interest the communication of Mr, Woal- Of pressure of gases and those of osmotic pressure in solutions. :
sey McA. Johnson, published in your issuc of Nov. 2. Mr, Hence the last equation also represents: the work corresponding to
the change of one gram equivalent of an ion from the osmotic pres~
t Johnson's arguments are quite interesting, but do not appear to
be conclusive. He agrees that there will be concentration changes sure P to p: in a solution.
at the electrodes, but he claims that such changes would have small Now consider an electrode reversible in regard to the cation (like
| effect on the voltage, and that the steady drop of the voltage during COPPer in copper sulphate), Let 96,540 coulombs pass from the clec-
discharge could not be accounted for by the influence of the varia~ . 1
tions of concentration upon the potential differences between the trode to the solution, so that 5, gram molecule of that kind of ion,
electrodes and the solutions, His argument is as follows: “The
3
ie
ae te et
in regard to which the electrode is reversible, passes from the elec-
t / ‘
4 : ae
mS :
- ES : : . mf oF ie oleae sapere plate against hydrogen would be trode to the solution, and is brought from what Nernst calls the
‘i ‘ations “solution tension” of the electrode to the osmotic pressure of the
é i 4a 0.058 tog 2 ’ same ions in the solution. The work performed is then also repre-
2 Pr sented by the last formula, if P now means tthe solution tension and
where p: and fs are the aqueous tensions Of the caustic solutions, A the osmotic pressure in the solution of that kind of ions, in regard
similar formula comes in for the positive plate, This would show to which the electrode is reversible. The work performed is also
that the change from a 20 per cert solution to a 1 per cent solution - the product of the number of coulombs and of the potential dif-
ference ¢: between the electrode and the electrolyte, so that, after
Le.
ait
wes
. : a would make very slight difference in the voltage of the cell (not
' . , mutch over 0,03 volt).” some transformations, we get for T= 290 (17 degs, C.), the potential
This argument is not altogether clear. There is no reason apparent difference ¢: in volts, or Ni
why Mr. Johnson should speak of the « m. f. of the nickel- 0.058 P d
superoxide plate “against hydrogen.” So-called normal electrodes, a= ar ee log KR (1) Ni
:
oe
like the hydrogen electrode (platinized platinum saturated with and :
surrounded by hydrogen) may often be applied to advantage in where log represents common logarithm, P the solution tension and
scientific researches, but in the present case the hydrogen electrode? the osmotic pressure of that kind of ions, in regard to which the
would introduce only complications. For ¢: would then he the electrode is reversible.
c. mf, of the combination: nickel superoxide electrode, 20 per cent Now take a case exactly like that just considered, except that the
osmotic pressure of the ions in regard to which the electrode is
SEES
s
”
ewes
>
ki :
% tee
i 4 : + ‘ 5 , / caustic potash solution, hydrogen electrode, and. ¢: the ¢. m, f, 0 tC. presen 3c
3 : ; . P ; the combination: nickel superoxide electrode, 1 per cent caustic reversible, is different from before—say, prinstead of pi. Thee. m. f
4 ay , . F . potash solution, hydrogen electrode. Hence the difference ¢:—¢s, as between electrode and solution is then:
k : . ; ‘ i : defined by Mr. Johnson, would not give the variation of the po- 0.058 P
He ‘ 3 tential difference between the nickel su roxide plate and th hus qa log >
ii t peroxide plate and the. solu 5 7) Ps
i Ne . tion alone, but as well as the variation of the potential difference at = .
i ° the hydrogen electrode, and the variation of the ¢. mi f. at the hydro- hence the difference of the ¢, m, f’s in the two cases
. gen electrode, is of no interest whatever in the present case.
| What would be important to calculate: is evidently the difference Cy ey = 2058 log 4 (2)
if f.. . @r—es, where ¢ is the potential difference between a nickel super- ae
a i oxide electrode and a 20 per cent K OH solution, and ¢ the poten- where pr and fs are the values of the osmotic pressure of that kind .
tial difference between a nickel superoxide electrode and a 1 per cent of ion, in regard to which the electrode is reversible. We have de-
may indeed be rep- veloped this formula under the assumption that the electrode is re-
Tf it is reversible in regard to the
K OH solution, Now, this difference, ¢:— ¢2,
iffers from (2) in
resented by the formula, . given by Mr. Johnson,
quence of Nernst's theory of the potential difference at 4 “seyersible anion, the following formula is obtained, which d
electrode”; but prand pz have then a peculiar meaning, and when this the sign, :
tg clearly understood, it is impossible to use the formula for deducing 0.058 A
the special conclusion given by Mr. Johnson. To prove this claim, 1 4Q- a=), tog “fy
very brief analysis of Nernst’s formula, as far as neces- soe
The osmotic pressure of a kind of ion is.proportional to the con- *
as a conse- versible in regard to the cation.
race
.
‘
will give a
” sary for the present case.
Nernst’s theory deals wit!
ae i surface of an electrolyte and a
Fae oe, ae ** > meant by a “reversible electrode” can best be explained by a few ex- i, (2) we can write fs
amples, When the transport of 2X 96,540 coulombs from a copper “
electrode to a copper stlphate solution ig combined with the passage
of one gram atom of Cu from the electrode into the solution ; and
when the transport of the 2 X 96,540 coulombs in the opposite di- -
h the e. m. £. produced at the boundar,
‘inevevsible electrode.” What i centration of the same kind of jon, so that instead of the ratio a
Me . 1
, where ¢ and ¢s are the concentrations of
ectrode is reversible.
but says that ps and ps
tions.” This is not clear;
re of the K ions or of the
that kind of ion, in regard to which the el
Mr. Johnson gives the same formula,
are “the aqueous tensions of the caustic sol
i my
. - ef . in rection is combined with the deposition of one gram atom of Cu from but he evidently means the osmotic presst!
. ‘ the solution to the electrode, the copper electrode in the copper sul- © H ions. This osmotic pressure is proportional to the concentration
ible in regard to the Cu ions. In of K OH; hence, under the assumption that the one K O H solution
phate solution is called revers
he gets
the same way, a zinc electrode in the solution of a zinc salt is re~
versible in regard to the 21 ions. A mercury electrode, covered with -
ion with a solution of a a-as 2.058 log 20 = 0,038 volt
a layer of calomel (He: Cls), in connecti
chloride, is reversible in regard to the Cl ions. s
When one gram molecule of a gas is brought from the pressure P wnot much over 0.03 volt.” T his conclusion is wrong, because the
ly be assumed to be reversi-
is 20 times more concentrated than the other,
to the pressure p—dp, the work performed is nickel superoxide ‘lectrode cannot simp
RT ) ble in regard either to, the K ions or the O H ions.
vdp= p ib; Mr. Johnson’s conclusion would be right if we had to deal with
copper in copper sulphate, for the ion in regard to which the electrode
onding to the change from the pressure P to the is here reversible is copper, and, the osmotic pressure of the copper
ne gram molecule, ~~ ions is in this case directly proportional to the concentration of the
The difference between the ¢: m. f. at a
the work corresp
lower pressure pi, is, therefore, for o!
P copper sufphate solution.
RT A . copper electrode in a 29 per cent sulphate solution and the cm. f,
and for‘one gram equivalent Me in a 1 percent solution, would, therefore, be represented by equation
a ay 2 DRT . : (2), where, instead of the ratio of the osmotic pressures of the Cu
Lior : ions, the ratio of the concentrations of the copper sulphate solution
nu ty
|
i
4
|
STA EIST
eae TE
EUAN:
wipeomyeaee:
C3
=
a ENS Ey Ra
932
would be used
theory of solutions which is strict
lutions, would also be correct for ¢
In the same way Mr. Johnson's conclusion would al
zinc in zine sulphate,
chloride solution. But the case 0. Edi
ent. There we have to deal with
Sse
Ses
PSE
joc
ESTAR!
’ ¢ 0 a nickel superoxide electrode, and
with an iron electrode in a solution of hydroxide of potassium. The
7 7 4 case is also different with the lead cell, where there are lead Peroxide
woot Be ion 4d! and lead in a sulphuric acid solution, To apply Nernst's theory to
: rel oe ont gute Ny eee hee these latter cases, it js first necessary to fix exactly’ the ideas as to
the kind of ion in regard to which each electrode is reversible,
There are two different theories of this type for the lead cell, the
One developed by Le Blane, the other by Liehenow, Both assume
that the lead clectrode is reversible in regard to bivalent positive Pb
» Le Blanc assumes it to be re-
ive Pb ions, while Liebenow
st ; © bivalent negative Pb O; ions,
With these Assumptions, it is possible to apply Nernst's formula (1),
in which, of course, pis the osmotic Pressure of that kind of ion, in
regard to which the electrode is assumed to be reversible (Dolezatek,
Zeitschr, f. Elektrochemie, 1899, May 25; Abel, Zeitsehr, f. Elektro-
chemie, 1901, June 27), This leads to equations representing the
em. £’s as functions of ionic concentrations of hypothetical kinds
of ions, in regard to which the electrodes are reversible, Later on,
; the Jaw of chemicat mass action enables one to Pass from those hypo-
thetical ionic concentrations to the measurable concentrations of sul-
: bee ae Phuric acid. Both Liebenow’s and Le Blane’s theories lead to the
coe 2 : same results, and which are in agreement with the facts, The method
: ee just indicated is somewhat long, but is the only correct method to
ean al apply Nernst's formula (1) in such cases, To apply it to the problem
* aes * 4g 5 of the Edison cell, it would, therefore, be necessary, first, to form
ty ; poe te Bee ee ; exact ideas as to the kind of ions in regard to which the electrodes
: a heey, Sega ie cy are reversible, and then to apply formula (1), where P Tepresents
the solution tension and (; the osmotic Pressure of these ions,
= BaF Png hese Mr, Johnson's argument thus breaks down and the question of the
i tn ited . "cto By ‘ oo influence of concentration changes at the two electrodes upon the
. y ‘ é oue e. m. f. of the Edison cell is still an open question, I also believe
: WEN es : : that the other question taken up by Mr, Johnson, concerning the
. ies Meee ee eigety Bie effect of changes in the internal resistance, can be answered success~
2 ea Wane ; ha Has cy fully only by experiment, as it seems to me impossible to devise a
| a: Priori an exact mathematical theory, taking into account all the
cas . various, influences which bring about a change in the internal re-
Bee : . 1 sistance.
\
STyteert
ee
meee She ae : An Association of Ohio Farmers? Telephone Companies,
pan Ni ine nai ei ae The Geauga County Telephone. Association, which was formed as
ported aa Sat in ne ee oe an association for mutual benefit by five exchanges in Geauga County,
thud eoeree . has been reorganized and made stronger by the admission of the
: ae : Chagrin Falls Telephone Company, of Chagrin Falls, The associa-
prec ee tion is unique in several respects, and it represents what is probably
the most complete system of farmers' telephone lines in the country,
ear The original association was formed in 1898 by the Bainbridge Tete-
sme phone Company, the Chardon Telephone Company, the Burton Tele-
phone Company, the Stafford Telephone Company, of Newburry, and
the Claridon Telephone Company. The companies were independent
. . y gh of one another, but under the association agreement the subscribers
* . 4 ‘ Be Pate oo of one exchange was permitted to talk to subscribers of all the other
; bd + oan yee exchanges without extra charge, Under the Teorganization, the ad-
‘ ; vantages are increased, since the Chagrin Falls Telephone Company
; = : ” wet ‘ has connection with Cleveland and the long-distance lines of the
_ , 2 se United States Telephone Company, thereby giving the association
the benefit of the long-distance service. The subscribers in the most
remote portion of the county will be enabled to talk to Cleveland sub-
scribers at the Chagrin Falls rate, 10 cents. At present the tele-
phones of the association number over 1000, divided as follows:
Bainbridge, 150; Chardon, 355;. Burton, 150; Newburry, 150; Clari-
don, 50; Chagrin Falls, 220. Since the entire population of Geauga
County is only about 14,000, it is evident that the lines of the asso-
of the association to make important extensions of the toll service
FIG, 18.—300-HP GENERATOR FOR LAUFFEN-FRAN KFORT TRANSMISSION,
an iron core, you must admit that this machine will satisfy the sever-
est claims on safe and dangerless operation,”
words that the success of Brown’s dynamos must be ascribed to his
“ingenious though simple” constructions, and the truth of this Say- |
ing is borne out by the machines illustrated in Figs. 18 and 19. The
magnet-wheel is overhanging, the exciting current is led to the field ”
coil by two copper wires that run like belts on the slide rings, The
armature can be moved aside to expose itself and the field. The
armature winding of these machines consists of round bars, one
bar’ per pole and per phase, which are connected in Y. In the pho-
tograph the form of the end connectors is clearly visible, This latter
construction also originated with Mr. Brown,
two steel rings with pole projections, This construction, which
found numerous imitators, did not Prove so successful as its in-
genious simplicity might suggest, the reason being the great field
leakage. Brown soon became alive to this inherent defect of his ma-
chine, and he at once discontinued building it, while his followers,
ciation reach nearly half the homes in the county. New officers of with the imitativeness of our species and with t
the associatign were elected as follows: Charles Post, Bainbridge, | izing the human mind, did not even sec its seem
president, and H. C. Tutile, Burton, secretary. It is the intention its inventor had long discarded the construction.
and lines will be built into eastern Cuyahoga County, northern the short-circuit curve bend off at high saturations so that doubling
Portage County and northern Summit County. It is probable also the exciting current, for instance, does not increase the short-circuit
: in bul Fe standard, thereby effecting’
@ great saving to the different companies,
hh
The Debt of Electrical Engineering to C. E, L.
Brown—IV,
By B.A, Benrenp,
— ,
THE LAUFFEN Type GENERATOR,
fs bass first and most needful step was to make a generator that
could be used equally well for single-phase and for polyphase
currents. Thus Mr, Brown invented and designed the “Lauf-
fen Type” represented in Figs, 18 and 19.
In his Frankfort lecture of Feb, 9, 1891, Mr, Brown thus describes
the main principles that guided him in Creating this construction,
“The generator must be an alternating-current dynamo, whose ten-
sion we will choose as low as Possible, for thus such a dynamo can
be made a machine in the fullest sense of the word, This will be
clear if I adduce as illustration the winding of the armatures of the
dynamos designed for supplying three-phase currents to the Ocrlikon
Tool & Engine Works, which consists of copper bars 30 mm. thick,
a
5
4
=
&
2
8
3
2
5
eg
2
s
3
r
g
8
g
FA
a
9
5
8
g
ES
a
_
o
7
3
s
5
g
a
B
g
ny
a
is
R
a
a
5
closed slots in the armature iron, a construction which I used as
early as 1885 in my ordinary direct-current dynamos. If you con- he
sider an armature of 40 volts consisting of solid bars firmly held in
1891,
At the outset of this article we quoted Professor Amsler Laffon's
The field coil consists of one circular bobbin placed between the
he inertia character-
ing advantages until
The effect of leakage in the Lauffen type shows itself in making
pics
weg ape
SST
re
SRS Sah
-
SU eee
eae pee We
| SpreMpen's3,,1902,
irection. By. dividing one of the carbons, as illustrated in Fig. 4
(magnet not shown), wires may be connected to direct-current am-
‘d meters which will indicate the presence of direct or pulsating cure
! rents, Constructed in this manner, the ammeters will not read until
the magnet is presented to the arc, As soon as the arc is divided into
the two wings, the instruments read the average current flowing dn
each circuit, and also indicate that these two portions flow in opposite
directions. fe ee
If the current curve followed the c. m. £, curve, it might be repre-
aes . Fig. 5—CURRENT CURVE, } \
sented, as in Fig. 5, and after the separation by the magnet, by the
two curves, as in Fig. 6, where the current is passing ‘in one wire,
when there is zero current in the other. The current curve, however,
'< does not follow'the em, f. curve, but remains at zero until the
e, m. f, of the Hine equals the counter ¢. m. f. of the are, This is
? shown by Fig. 9, which is from a photograph of an ordinary alter-
nating arc, as'seen in a revolving mirror (axis vertical). It will be
noticed that the period of darkness nearly equals that of light, show-
_ing that the current, does not flow until some time after the e, m. f.
commences to rise.
_ The appearance of the are under the influence of the magnet is
FIG. 6.—CURVES AFTER SEPARATION BY MAGNET,
; interesting, as the wings may easily be made to have an extent of
five inches from tip to tip, and with an upward curve due to the cure
rents of heated air. An attempt to photograph such an are was made,
and it was found necessary to shield the lens from the strong violet
rays of the are proper, in order that sufficient exposure might be ob-
taiped on the wings. .This photograph is shown in Fig, 7.
* Fig. 8 is from a photograph of the violet arc proper, extended side-
ways by the magnet. It will be noticed that the ends of the carbons,
although brilliantly incandescent, do not appear to give out many
: FIGS. 7 AND 8.—PHOTOGRAPHS OF ARG.
chemical rays. The exposure was made short to suit the violet arc,
and, therefore, it would seem that. but little violet light was given out
by the incandesce ds-oftHé carbons. The question, therefore,
\ _atisesriscnét the curve of illumination for actinic rays for any arc
. Sathp quite different from the curve of illumination for visual rays?
* Probably the:most interesting photographs taken of the alternating
arc-under the’ influence of the magnet are those shown in Figs,:10
and: 11, These were.taken of the are as seen in a revolving mirror,
ELECTRICAL . WORLD. ano ENGINEER, ‘ :
_. Which-tend to shorten the life of a battery of the lead,
gop
and show. the separation produced” by the
s direction being on one'side'of
having its axis horizontal, :
magnet—the arc from currents in one
=a
7 ve , 7
a ee
| :
. . .
|
I i ,
i ’ e “ 5
bg 7
4 n ‘ .
}: : ; iC
ba ‘ “a : 2 5
FIGS. 9, 10 AND 11.—ALTERNATING ARC UNDER INFLUENCE OF; MAGNET, : ; : :
the central line, while that from currents. in the opposite direction < To.
are on the other side of that line, : 7 oy : a
Thanks are due to Prof, Geo, Headley and Mi
their valuable assistance in making the ph
cy
N a previous article (Eecrricat‘Wortp ANp ENGINEER, June 7), _&¥ oes : :
the possibilities for a light-weight storage battery’ were dis: See ee : (tee eS - et toy
cussed, Lightness is an important factor’ in traction work, = : re we M38 pds Aes *
but not of such immediate importance as. durability, -:"" . : Yee te ‘ : eo ' Pers
The greater part of the paterits taken’ out on ‘storage cells of ‘the q : ofthe ; ; ‘
lead-lead type are based on.minot improvements in mechanical con- AS ee : : F ee ee Nea bey .
struction.’ These improvements are generallyintended :to increase, i eo . aie rae. a Reng coh ee Oe es
the life of the battery rather thari to,reduce its weight, although some:: = ; pom Ao Ae at ' ia ee : eng es Sie
are obviously ‘designed to: secure’ lightness: at the expense’ of life -- : Bee Nig ng denne ie ok Bae 85 ae 3 ‘ De tae : og
There is room: for improvement:in' both’ dirécti ns in the.Jead cell, | _ sien 2%,
but the improvements will tindoubtedly come’ from the..chemiical : pane :
and physical study .of the active’ materials and: electrolyte ‘rather
than ina mechanical way.) 2 00 ys Poet aes
From the properties of lead’ with:respect to its equivalent weight, ?
lack of rigidity, ete, and:from'the nature of ith reactions of its
compounds during charge and discharge,:we aresjustified in’ the con-
clusion that attempts at reduction‘of the weight of lead ‘cells are im:
practical, but that there is.a profitable field 'of-iwvork : p
cin ‘attempting
to-increase the: durability of:a ‘cell from ttie.chemical side of: the 4
problem. : BORE Se san BN *: . -
‘What is wanted is nota attery: which will show: good ‘results 'o
a laboratory table, with'a‘competent battery man_.in: harge, but on
which can successfitlly withstand ‘the average: treatin
inexperienced persons, and ‘the necessarily great variations.of current
output and the constant jarring to whic! if subjecte
bile or street-car propulsion... tt Jcareetear
Tt is the purpose.of:this“Article to bring out the principal
other types, and finall:
may be made. Meee fs
- Taking .up first the lead-sulphu: i lead * peroxitie,;
find that in actual practice the negative plates,“in a wel
cell, will Jast- during two-or three renewals. of the positiv
sure, the negatives gradually: lose -their, capacity,) hilt or
depreciation is so slow‘that-it.is- practical -to use’
sets of: positives, It:has. been ‘claimed. by
to suggest lin
tpon whie!
ELECTRICAL WORLD ano ENGINEER.
siderable experience, that a negative plate can be made light and
yet ast during: four of five years of constant service. Since the
positive electrode is the weak point of the cell, I shall concern my-
self more particularly with it ae 7
In dischatging a lead storage ‘cell, lead ssulplfate is formed on
. either plate! This sulphate being insoluble remains in its position
and there is‘thus formedja mixture of lead peroxide'and lead sul-
phate on the positive electrode, and spongy lead and lead sulphate
on the negative. As the proportion of ‘sulphate increases, the con-
-~ ductivity of the mixture decreases, In practice the proportion of
the sulphate is not allowed to increase to more than 50 per cent.,
as at this point the. electromotive force of the cell: falls<(and even
before ‘this point is reached), and further sulphation takes place
rapidly if the cell is not at once recharged, .
. It is held ‘by some that this mixture js in reality a complex com-
pound; that thé Jead peroxide of a charged cell is not as represented
by the simple formula PbO,, but is an allotropic form in which many
simple molecules are combined into the complex one (PbOs).x, where
+ is an unknown number but assumed to be 50 for mere convenience,
Then the discharge of the positive electrode will be represented by a
series of changes in the molecules, as follows: (PbOs)0, (PbOs)a"
PSO. (PbOs)a° (PLSO)s, . . .. to approximately. (PbOs)2.°
(PbSO.)u, when the electrode has practically reached its discharge
limit. Each molecule contains some lead peroxide throughout the
discharge and keeps the mass conductive, The molecule becomes
less stable as the percentage of peroxide decreases, and when the point
represented ‘by (PbOs)3s° (PbSO.)s is approximately reached, it
readily breaks up with the formation of ordinary lead sulphate and
simple molecules of lead peroxide, thus accounting for the rapid sul-
phation which is apt to take place if 4 cell is allowed to remain long
uncharged, This structtire of the molecule also accounts for the case
with which the discharged plate is’ reconverted to the peroxide con-
dition, it being gerierally held:that pure silphate of lead is very slowly
converted to the peroxide electrolytically, and only with a relatively
large expenditure of-energy, - .
This theory of thé complex tature of the lead peroxide molecule
was brought forward by Wade in a paper read before the British
Institution of Electrical Engineers,
Theory is a thing to explain facts, . Whatever the theory held, the
fact remains that sulphate of lead does form rapidly if the cell is
allowed to stand: uncharged, and also forms under other conditions
which are not well understood. Although.sulphation can be controlled
to a certain extent by exercising great care, it is still a serious ‘draw-
back to the use of lead in batteries, and is in a large measure respon-
sible for the rapid deterioration of the plates, 2
Another cause for deterioration is the.lack of porosity in the active
mass. The plate cannot absorb sufficient :acid for its discharge, and
50 must depend upon diffusion, A heavy discharge will exhaust the -
acid in the interior of the active mass, and, as was shown by Glad-
mh and Tribe, the normal. reactions do not take place in very dilute
acid, ~ . ; : ,
A rapid charge may loosen particles of the active material by the
too rapid evolution of gas. This is known as scaling,”
In pasted plates the peroxide mass softens when subjected to severe
service in'an automobile, and tends to wash away from the grid.
This result takes place in a very short time if sediment is allowed
to accumulate in the bottom of the cell until it touches the lower
edges of the plates and thus causes a short-circuit, This sediment,
consisting of lead sulphate, is continually forming and necessitates
the frequent washing of the battery to avoid harm to the plates,
In order to preverit the falling away of active material, due to the
softening of the mass and to dislodgment by escaping gas, and to
Prevent sediment from falling to the bottom of the cell, some battery
makers ‘wrap the plates with some porous substance, as specially
treated cellulose, glass, wool, etc. I do not know to ‘what extent this
method is alleviating the trouble, but in my opinion it cannot stop
the formation of ‘sediment, which I believe is due to the following
Causes: * ¢
: Lead sulphate is soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid, is prac-
tically insoluble in dilute acid, and is again slightly soluble in pure
water, In charging a ‘cell at a fairly rapid rate, sulphuric acid is liber-
ated in the Pores of the active masses faster than’ it can diffuse out.
Therefore the interior of the plates must contain fairly concentrated
acid, in which’ lead: sulphate is slightly soluble. This strong acid
carrying lead sulphate, slowly diffusés out of ‘the plates and is there
diluted by the. weaker acid. The sulphate being less soluble in ‘the
. 4ses this material in his work with storage cells,
“Vou, XL, No, 11.
weaker acid, is precipitated and settles to the bottom of the cell, Th
action would take place througli the porous envelope and so form’a
sediment the same as without it, ”
The way to prevent this action would seem from the foregoing -to \
be by preparing the plates with greater porosity,’ so that the acid could
diffuse more rapidly, ‘and so avoid. great changes in density of the
electrolyte, or by preventing the, formation ‘of the white, sulphate, as-
suming Wade's theory to be correct; preferably by both methods
together, “etn Wee ;
Mr. G. H. Robertson thinks that the formation of sulphate might
be checked by adding somé stibstance to the electrolyte that will pre-
vent the formation of oxidized bodies init, and which at the same
time wifl not injure the plates. eee
ZINC-COPPER OXIDE CELL,
This cell, which uses an alkaline hydroxide electrolyte, possesses
certain advantages over the lead cell, but also introduces new diffi-
culties, which have rendered it less useful than the lead type. In the
alkaljge cell there is no'such thing as sulphating and buckling, and
no hatm is done to the plates even if charge does not immediately
follow the gischarge, inlphin eke coisa
The zinc negative, however, is liable to local action, and great diffi-
cully is experienced in’ plating the zinc in compact form available for
the discharge. To charge the cell, the temperature should be about
54° Centrigrade, and the charg :
duce the best results. These ‘conditi cannot always be realized
in practice, and since the life‘of thie‘ce}f'is' rather short and its applica-
tion ‘somewhat, limited, owing’ to the?comparatively short time that
it will retain its charge, this' type hi been able to fulfil the exe
pectations of its. promoters, | °° : :
oe NICKEL-IKON cet.
The nickel-iron cell, invented by Mr. Edison, I think will be found
subject to certain bad: tendencies si jarjto those of the lead cell,
but they may be found less difficult to control. ;
The material of the positive electrode
ably having the formula Ni Oj. ‘Inthe discharge of the cell, the
peroxide is reduced, according \to" one ‘theory,*to nickelous oxide”
(NiO), This compound ’.(NiO) -is difficult to oxidize electro-
lytically, while a reduced’ peroxide plate is not: 4”
Tt scems likely that the reaction of dischargéis in many respects
analogous to that of lead peroxide, and that the capacity is only
about half of the theoretical.“ In-normal dischargé, I believe that
the lowest oxide formed is the sesquioxide NisOs (sometimes called
peroxide), but under certain conditions the nickelous oxide (NiO)
might be formed, and would present difficulties similar to those due
to the formation of lead sulphate in the lead cell were it not' for the -
fact, that the oxide is insoluble, so that it remains in place.and is
slowly brought back to the Proper condition, ak BPs
Overcharging does not harm the plates, because nickel. is hot
of pure potassium hydroxide. Chlorides, nitrates and tartrates should :
not be present, as nickel is more readily attacked in such ‘solutions, !
ZING-CHLORINE CELL, ne Caney
Cells of the zine-chlorine type, with a carbon plate for the positive
electrode, have the disadvantages | of difficulty in. obtaining good
deposits of zine, high internal resistance and difficulty of handling.
the gas. Cells of this type will probably not enter into competition
with lead accumulators, _
SILVER CELL,
Of all the storage cells having insoluble electrodes, those using.
silver oxide for the positive seem to be best adapted to maintain
normal reactions under the severe conditions of service, Jungner
As was mentioned earlier in this article,
lead cell is very durable when compared
The difference must be due to the metalli
In tlie discharge, only about half of thie-spongy lead is converted to -
the sulphate, so there’is always some metal present and this ‘is‘in the
nature of Sponge which holds the mass together,. By obtaining «a
pied Ui eee on the positive there should be realized ‘an
case in tlie life of ¢ i imately‘
that of the negative dean Pi ae -
To ‘obtain this condition, -a depolarizer -which“‘reduces tothe
metallic state must be chosen and, moreover, this ‘metal ‘must have
ame
the negative plate ofa
with the peroxide plate.
¢ nature of the negative,
te low and’ intermittent ‘to pro-
{
peroxide of nickel, prob-
i
i
a
64 “ . ;
readily attacked by the nascent oxygen if the electrolyte is a solution {
i
;
ue
. State with ease. Spongy'
September 13, 1902,
the property of holding together. when ina spongy state, . Silver oxide
is such'a: material, : Pee! Pactabinad ;
Taking a silver-cadmium cell for ifustration, we have spong.
cadmium and silver oxide when the cell is in.the charged state,‘and
cadmium oxide and spongy ailver when’ in the discharged state. In
; both these plates we have a condition very similar to that of a spongy’
lead: electrode. There is this difference, the silver passes from an
oxidized state to approximately half oxide and half meallic and half
negative plates pass from the metallic state to half metallic and half
oxide or sulphate, as ihe case maybe, The positive ig never entirely
reduced, and the negative never entirely oxidized under normal con-
ditions, but they are.near enough alike so that we should expect them
to.be of approximately the same durability. .
: Silver presents the difficulty that its oxides are slightly soluble in
the’ alkaline electrolyte in which they are used, It has a great
advantage, however, in the nature of its reactions, A cell may be
left in any state of charge, or completely, discharged, : without
danger of harming the plates. There is no tendency to form
ELECTRICAL WOR:
compounds which canny brought back to the original charged } - :
-suver can be readily oxidized to the oxide
‘(Ag.O), or to YA peroxide (4gQ), and the oxide (4g:0) may be
easily firther oxidized or reduced. No other compounds are formed,
Silver oxide may be made by chemical methods and applied: the
¢lectrode which can’ then be. used immediately without any forming
process, This is a good indication that the chemical reactions will
not get out of order as long as they are confined to the ‘electr cl
’ The'slight solubility of silver oxide is the weak point ‘in this
but this drawback can’ perhaps’ be largely overcome either by. a | a
method employed by Mr. Edison in the prepafation of copper, ele
trodes or. by slight alferations in the electrolyte,
The lead cell has, not:received enough ‘attent ion from its cheinical
and physical side, most“manufacturers having paid‘ more: attention:
to. mectianical ‘details, and*this has given: the -battery ‘a rather un?
balanced development. .; However, the’ manufacturers are now gi
more attention to the chemistry of-batteries, and we may expect to set.
in the near future a rldicn Mie darts in lead: cells in
way of'longer lifé and greater reliability. ay emt
' T think the investigations’ should be'directed to methods for'see
ing greater porosity and firmness in the active material of the positive
electrode and'to improving the-electrolyte so as to prevent the forma-
tion’ of lead sulphate, or at-least ‘render it insoluble in all densities
of the acid solution;.so that
‘to the‘proper condition. : Bey ve
+ Other. metals will undoubtedly come: into’ competition sand
may displace, lead in-batteries-for’ traction: work, but.as beste sid
in electric light and: power ‘stations lead cells will probabl; hold their,
own for some time. vent ’
-1 Nickel is a‘strong: metal compar
to that-class'of_depolarizers whi
cell,,and in: this respect it is the.
use in alkaline electrolytes. ‘The'e ¢ ermits the
for the grids ‘and the containing vessel, and this gives’ cons
both: light and strong. There ‘seems to be no’ reason to ‘believe:that:
this cell will not do what 'Mr, Edison claims for it:
Silver would be’a good metal to‘use in traction batteries if its‘cost |’
were not so great. To, be:sure,the silver in a eoadeatina hepete ;
would go a long way toward paying for a new set, but : ve i scott y
would be rather great. Silver is a rather abundant mete : ie oltg!
to be produced for much less than it brings at present," ; 1€
for it should’ sufficiently increase."
<1 In the’ lead: cell ‘the’ acti
peroxide, arid‘not to the whole electrode cae ollie mat
“would: be i posit
ably’iton ; ape
iments indicate ‘that ry, giving the: 8:
ead sath battery weighing’ about! sso pounds, would
nds of: si oxide, and perhaps
ctraordinary ‘reduction’ inthe’ pri
ve grid: aid
ractical’ from a financial standpoint, and |
‘ ove such a cell ‘could: be ‘made to have a f
““eompyratively * iigh efficiency, and would require but
‘for the; reasons:
little attention to keep working order,
materialof ‘the’ positive’ is : eur feet :
i ie: weig nti ‘so the weight of silver oxide f
+ half-of the: weight of the entire plate, so the weight of silver ox!
a es uired in ‘the silver ‘cell: would correspond, to the ‘weight ‘of i
4
q
aivie ‘power f :
aoe
shepcees,
AER eon a SI
bas
cone ET ETSY SE wees
eansjhat, the weil
but sel dae
As the mast 'p
this latter type, we a tae an n oxygen plate of ni
kel with a hydrogen plate of iron; isponge up
it With the usual Plante and Faure types of lead
The. alkali battery possesses’ ag: t
pe sated for with lead fp
ing together admit ‘of
_ borne:in \inind, how
A emical Society,
r e lOrage Taecy
aa a. Jt the relatiy ‘ingtits of
terigs, In opentig, * Mr, « r ae tant
and discharge, storsge. bas bat!
yin ‘ecimuacatitely :
a conductor ‘and
fled:
t Sonnet than with |
ning and compensatiny f
[ection to..the. second method i is that the dense activ
iffusion. ;An
if nely, perforated ygover
it, is well to note, “that the disj
‘of another is in ‘no way due to the i (rinsic sist th r+)
fother active’ material, or fo the difference in chemical action taking
place ; ther he parent ny: fead eroxide reducing to
lead oes lead sulphate should “fail;to pieces any more a ickly
g kel oxidein fact, the rey
packed with flake grap
lead” plate. should not: last eres ws (
was supposed to be the case, It loses'‘no material ;
chemically; but actually, its capacity lessens with age, and
ts deterioration is not so rapid as that of the. peroxi pla te,
rtheless be occasionally renewed. , ‘The opposite is ‘now hoped
the iron plate; its active material is held igid by a,stiff. grid re
nelanging graphite, packing, and apparently, hould ‘not lose capacs*~
Keel , can by
Gheatery uses’ a ‘acid -60 ition
arget by, the faatbrial® of tth
cceptens*an électrolytic ;
fi im. onc. plate, to the other.
i; * shoul electrolyte to make fe
wish bayer ‘arma “he
ility of u ing a
“Ae plates: close together,
a! the alkali: batiery. lighit
lessly dceoiipose i if
‘amount lost is fixtd
The relatiy
bieat the over-
scly packed active material. allows of
Fesulé: -that.a large pro-
pute ve atin
ina thes
feel hy; two a
88° ra att
te, masd-edines to
cn arout
Ua AY ier trouble
In large co:
i » the acid Fic vaisis is conime ‘
handling. -This advantage will bez
il] need no overhauling, but for the
turned cells, over-filled cells, handling: of
“gassing in overcharge, for the nunterot
actual work, there can be no question thaftalkali is worse: than’ acid’
“for woodwork, clothes and hands. Acigi Fdocs ‘not creep—alkali both
creeps and turns to.carbonate. ‘The nilviintage “sometimes clai
for the alkali simply trpon' the groune ts not changing isa little:
hard to understand, There i is, on, the, fa it, no reason why the
. electrolyte should not change as well asthe plates; in fact, a battery§ °°
with unchanging electrodes and, cl ging electrolyte would in many
ways be better than its opposite instance, the change of elec: §
trolyte density is, in the lead cell, ‘avery usefiil ‘and needed meais of |
_ determining the state of charge’ and discharge, 2
Adaptability to different uses Of one or, the other battery will be
finally determined by a balance between utility’ and cost.. For central
station work, which at present takes about 75 Rer cent. of the battery
output, the position’ of.the lead cell seems ‘secure, Its low first’ cast,
low internal resistance, high voltage and general efficiency more: §
than overbalance the deterioration, This deterioration is a matter Hl.
of careful figuring: in so many years so many plates must be manus, §
factured and installed to keep a given battery in ‘good conditior; as
.,. an offset, so many pounds of scrap lead and so njany pounds of
ibattery mud are returned. The renewals ma mean no inter-
ons
ruption of work ahd. Hot n in in ig.
ons, where W
hole will .déperid. largely upon anncily and reliability.
Data! is vanting (upon the
< Folume, an
alkali cell is ‘again ¥
put into ordinary ser
careful goasideration: .t
The commercial life of lead plates i in track or ‘cab service is about .§
15,000 to 20,000 tniles for negatives, 12,000 ‘miles for Plante positives’ !
and 6,000 mniles for pasted positives. In other words, a four. o
ton truck running 20 miles per day ‘for 300 days in-a year requires
new positives once in a year or once in two years, accordifig to the
type of plate used, the choice of one or the other being determined
by thg character ‘of service and Iength of run desired, Cabs and lighter
wagons Shave, about® the same life, with a canny of jo to 100 miles
oy ohe charge. .
Work done under ihese conditions, actualtivorke redticed to dolinrs
and ‘cents, has shown that ‘the electric wagon gi better city’ service
han cag | be gotten from gas.or steam.or horse. A better battery,
her. an‘ improvement on the old or.a better new ote, would contro)
actically all city traffic not on rails.
UNBOUND CLIPPINGS SERIES
The unbound clippings cover the period 1899-1910. Most of the items
were sent to Edison by clippings services. They are primarily taken from
newspapers and popular magazines, although some are from trade
publications, technical journals, and other printed sources. The articles and
interviews pertain to a variety of subjects, including the development and
promotion of Edison's inventions and the personal affairs of Edison and his
family. Included are clippings relating to the personnel, activities, and legal
affairs of Edison's various companies, as well as articles about phonographs,
phonograph records, motion pictures, and storage batteries. There are also
clippings concerning Edison’s cement plant at Stewartsville, New Jersey; his
plans for a poured concrete house; and his efforts to develop a combined
phonograph and motion picture machine and a process for the exploitation of
dry placer gold claims. Also included are items relating to the suicide of
Edison's secretary, John F. Randolph; a kidnaping threat against his daughter,
Madeleine; the marriages of his sons, Thomas A. Edison, Jr., and William
Leslie Edison; and the travel, property holdings, and recreational activities of
Edison and his family. Some of the articles bearing an Edison by-line were
probably prepared for him by his associates, and some are the result of
interviews with journalists at the West Orange laboratory.
The clippings are arranged in rough chronological order within each year.
In many cases, several small newspaper clippings of differing dates are taped
onto the same sheet of paper. Some sheets also contain archival notations
referring to the Document File folder in which the clipping was at one time
filed. Other archival inscriptions can be found throughout. Because of their
deteriorating condition, all of the newspaper clippings at the Edison National
Historic Site are being photocopied, and the originals discarded. The clippings
presented in this edition constitute a mix of originals and photocopies. Some
may be difficult to read because of the discolored paper. There are also a few
negative photostats of journal articles that may present legibility problems.
Less than 20 percent of the clippings for 1899-1910 have been
selected. Many of the items not selected are based on wire service reports
that were widely circulated and carried in numerous papers. In such cases,
one version of the report has been selected as a sample.
[REDUCTION RATIO = 15:1]
Clippings
1899
ee ear ee ree Gee eee Ne eee eae ee es as en eae
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED Ligh Bs
|,
From the
jJONMEPREs .
Park PLACE
Nev yORK CY
ar 0
ec
Fromm jnpen, [,- ~ Times Harald
4, 18S9
“f. a
oRIDA
dé N
: aug
Wanted “ruernmnik for baabicteh
Yheough the Malilny Their ie :
Mxtending Across the avanhe
Other Charger Agninat a
on Sorcery eee
' notorious ndicrs, George Be
‘ mwo notorious pone senate’
Henschel and Eva Wilson, bette peeiaey
their victims and to the police 08 sued eee
E were arreste
nd Baroness de Bara, pins
issn afternoon In St. Augustiae, Baia
capture marks tho end of a seare Roe
has been followed persistently, an ne
made by postoftice tnspec'
| the direction of
Stuart of Chicago.
The direct charge
ys—l
are said to be numero!
uso of the United States
which they operated thelr bisa
sitecessful traud,
n this country an
ie as the Edison Phono
with offices at room $12, 115 Dear
y eent circu
ae sold, by means ot these, bogus 2
for ingenious slot eee eat
tis
er manufactured.
lected as much as $100,000 cram \
aln alone, and as maul rants
. While con E
Scheme the two were kngwn,
Hensehel, general maragery
son, cleris.
their swindting sche
Chief Inspector Inmes B.
1g the frandulent
malts, through
gest and Lea
vivtims bot!
shich found vict ,
ad In Great Britain. Pus:
aph Company,
porn street,
prondcast,
lars and letters a aeles
which were nev=
ad thot they cole
Great Brit-
[PHOTOCOPY]
Loug Seareh Beg
Police and detectives bad been looking ©
for them for some time when the attention {
of the postoftice department was called to}
the case sbont two weeks ago. Wiliam
Wryadham, Briush consul, notified the de~
partmeat then that he had recelved com-
plaints from England and Scotland that
many persuns had been victimized by the
ro-calicd Egon Phonograph Company, Ho
gave the officiaTs circulars and letters which |
served to outline the methods used, and Tn- '
spector Stuart went to work, He found thas,
the De Karas trst appeared in Chicago
about June 1, 1848, when the man opened a
printing establishment at Ts West Madison
etivet, under the namo of West Chicago
ating Company, Ite continued this unthi
Nov. 28, when he sold out to his foremet
Carl Graeff, who stil continues the business. -
During thts time the man and woman llvot”
at Hotel Everitt, Lake avenue, between’
Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh streets!
There they entertained many (riends and to
them displayed photographs of a beautiful
summer home in St. Augustine, In July
Henschel wag at the Merey Hospital guffer-
ing from a carbuncle on his neck. It left
a sear, which served as a mark of identt-
fication,
Inspector Stuart discovered that the two
left Chicago about Dec. 1, leaving orders that
their mall be forwarded to Norwich, Conn.
Inspectors were sent there, but found no
trace, It. fs supposed tha change of address +
Was a ruse to avold the suspicious accumu-
Tatlon of mall in this ctty. While other In-
spectors were sent to different cities, In-
gpector W. S. Mayer went to St. Augustine |
last Saturday, accompanied by Letter Car- i
rier Hogan, who was to identify the man
and woman,
Caught in Florida, .
Late yesterday afternoon Inspector Stuart
recefved this telegram, which announced the
arrest: * 3 ser
Have fust arrested both man and woman
‘upon Warrants lesved by commissioner at Jack-
Ronville, served personally by marshal. Iden-
tification complete. They refuse to talk, Have
lawyer at Jackzonville to-night for henring to-
morrow, Say they can give bond of $3,000 erch,
Came here ono yenr ago. Own splendid homo
and live in magnificent atyle, Previous hive
tory unknown, , MAYER.
It was In thls magnificent home, talked of
In Chicago, that the urrest was made. Among |’
the papers furnished by Consul Wyndham 1s
aa Follorine. advertisement Issued by Hens.)
schels - west sot
A fortune to be made, Wanted'tn every loz,
callty intelligent man and lady as inspector:
And collector for penny-in-the-slot_ machine.
Good eatary and sharo of profits without leave -
ing prevent ocetipation or residence. West
Chicago Company, 748 Madison streot, Chicago.
American letter postige, 214d. : j
There 1s evidence in the hands of the off- 5
cluta that thougands of replies came in ro-
sponse to these advertisements, tho post-
office handling at times ay many aso thou-
sand letters dally from England alone.
Operations Were Many, . I
The query of the prospective agent was
answered by a circular offering the agency i
of the Phinagraph Company upon the re-
eelpt of a certain sum, varying according to
locality, and ranging from £1 to £10 in Eng-
Msh money, Then there was another step
in the seheme, Postal cards were sent from
New York purporting to come from a firm
of shipping agents stating that the goods or-
dered had been forwarded ag requested, Ta-
ter, when the De Bara’s concluded no more
money could be obtained from an Individual
agent, they would send o letter from an al-
leged firm of lawyers, named Underwood &
Yale, Temple Court. Building, Chleago, an-
nouncing that the Edison Company had
failed; that this tirm was tho receiver and
that there were no assets. There !s, of
course, no such firm as Underwood & Yale,
as given.
Other swindling and blackmailing schemes
ere suid to have been worked by the couple
One was operated under the name of the Chi-
cago Press Clipping Bureau, 828 Opera i
JIouse’ Building, and was a blackmailing
scheme. It fatled to work. Then Baroness |
de Bara started 9 monthly publieation called
“Chicago Suctety,” printed at 745 West Madi- |
fon street. In this ghe attempted to work a
fake chain letter scheme, alleged to be for :
the henefit of sick soldters, This gave way
to the phonograph swindle which ended In
the arrest.
[PHOTOCOPY]
Trct Rect. e
' First, Best and Largest. ..
INCORPORATED 1885, “
.
From the
PARK PLACE
a- NEw yORK cy
7 ce 0
lutea? (
From Wewark,liJ.-News -
WAN &..1899
INVENTOR EDISON =
-}ESARTER BOUDS: AGENT
hag
Objects to His Name Belng Used to Furt
Questionable Schemes--Arrests in “
Jacksonville at is equoat
The arrest of the persons calling them-
selves “Baron and Baroness Debara’ at}
Jacksonville, Fla, Tuesday, as told inj
the NEWS yesterday, was made at the In- ;
stance of Thomas «A, Edison, through hit
counsel, Howard W. Hayes, of this elty,
The action was taken in furtherance of 2B i
new palley adopted by Mr. Edizon regard. i
ing the use of his name by others in pusi- |
ness, ¢ “h
For yearg Mr, Edison hag been bothered {
by the actions of irresponsible persons
who organized Edison “companies or
established themselves as “agents” of the ©
inventor without authority, Jn muny cases
where people were duped by the alleged
agents they would write to Mr, Edison for
redress. A few months age Mr, Ed{son
decided to put a stop to thé practice, ft
was about this time that word reached the
inventor from the Edison Electric Light
Company of Chicago, that a man in that
eity, calling himself George B, Henschel,
was selling territorial rights for the’ sale
of phonographs, Later u letter was re
celved from the British Consul tn} Chi-
cago that Henschel! had sold certalii” ai-
leged rights to peopte In Englund, . "2",
Mr, Edison concluded to put his nev
policy into effect and the matter we
placed in Mr, Hayes’s hands, It was learu
ed that Mr, Hengchell claimed to have at
office at 118 Dearborn street, Chicago.
Monk & Elliott, lawyers, of the Wind)
City, were requested to make an investi-
gation, end word was sent back that Hen-
schell had no office at the address given.
Then charges were preferred against the
man, and United States District-Attorney
John C. Black, of Chicago, was requested
to act. ©
When the Federal authorities were put
on his trafl the man disappeared. About
the same time a woman, who called her-
self Eva Wilson, and acted as a clerk for
Henschell, also left Chicngo. Henschell
left orders to have lis mail sent to Green-
wich, Conn, He never showed up at that
place, but It fs sald that the couple were
traced to St. Augustine, Fla., by the pos-
tal authorities, When the Baron and Bar-
oness Debara were arrested, William HH.
ature
Henry Harrison’ Scott,
Hogan, a mail carrier, of.
tively identifled them as Georges! Fen
Beer i Sen Mee saa
Dut both were held In ball na ent.
Mr, ‘Hayes said this morning that no
i} exceptions would be made’in the en ei
ment of Mr. Edison's determination to :
break up so-called companies and agen. |
hail wot be taken in vain for u
“ nautho
‘ompantes or agencies, Word has renas
{| pen sent to several loca) dealers to re-
meve the words “ag Me ay
mave the words ‘agency or -“agents'
les. No exceptions will be take: .
age of ‘Edlson” in trade names, Tach ae
x Edlgor phonographs" or “Edison goods,
jaut-ths: inventor will insist that his name
[PHOTOCOPY]
a
B44
Pratler , Lens
Graduate hospital, in, ‘Ne
uit of an operation,
f-age.” Deceased: Swag, preiidént
of. the. National Chautauqua’ assdbly,
which j ‘he agaisted in founding. ¢
weeks’ago he contracted a, cold Shien!
a ‘Last Stinday,
ut ‘at that ‘time -his “eoridltion:
considered serlous. a an
poration “was
a See 80 ‘sd
Miller, is ‘postr
lca; :and Lewis.
aly ted ates a ht race
jtostra ea fr ane ion: fe!
Voryeritipalo—
Pa » Dispatch
coe one gages
phe tuty
ge EDISON IN. PITTSBURG: -
‘On Hin Way to Attend the Funeral
of Wis Father-in-Law--When |:
; Aerial Navigation Will
i Be Possible. Fa
*‘?homas’ A. Edison dropped, into town
‘ last - rhs a passenger on ‘the
-Now..York and. Chicago . Limited. f
Edison is on his way to Akron, Q., ..t
/attend the funeral-of his father-in-law,
<Loufa Miller. The. wizard married “his
‘second wifo in Akron.14 years ago. “He
‘stopped off in ‘this city to get a good
inight’s rest, never having been able ito
sleop on a train, as he told a Dispatch
‘reporter at the Duquesne’ Hotel. When
asked whether he had any new Inventions
up his sleeve, he sald: :
. “D.am-working at two or three" new
things, but [ am not far enough along to
talk about them. Most of my time dur-
{ng the. past four years I haye been work-
ing on the concentration of fron oré in
the highlands. of Now Jersey: There aro
millions of tons of low-grade ore near
Lake Hopstcong which ft does not: pay
to mine and ship in tho ordinary way.
-From about four tons of this ore it is
posstbla to extract one ton of magnatic
oxide of+iron. This is. mixed with rosin
and petroleum and put-up In the form
of-bricks. It makes the best Iron ore in,
tho world, We have a plant up. there
that covers soven acres of ground and
cost nearly $3,000,000," ®° : Cece
Mr. Edison. snid that many: inventors,
were now trying to get electricity direct’
from: coal. “This would be ane of. the
greatest and most useful invention of the
iage,"" he added. “I belfeve that’ whenever
it is possible to get electricity direct from
coal aerial navigation will be possible. At
present it is impossible to construct an
electric motor of .suffictent Mghtness «to
be of practical use in driving an alrships
You can get some idea of what this new
invention would mean when you consider
that the power which drives. electric cars,
for Instance, represents only from 10:to
per cent of the electricity In the coal used
at the power houses.” . iad
iin reply to a question regarding his
son's reported marrings to an-actress
against the will of his Parents, Mr. Edl-.
son sald taconically: “Don't ‘know any-
thing! about it. I haven't seen him’ for
two peare sea
“tAsked his opinion of Tesln as an: In=,
ventor, Mr. Edison, after musing fora
moment, sald: "Ho Is the poet of science.
His'tdeas are splendid, but they are-ut~
, terly:dmpracticable,” :
Tr
{shows his ‘age, which Js 53,: Ho says,
Paul works AMS’ neuve avers week
eq “Cdtew TA. Pascal
‘dison is in good heuitiranectmraly: af
-——
Chicegey Lie Times- Herald
qnir Ay I TT4
+ FRAO, Ul.- ~ Taesdiorala,
"MAK & dbyy
iat
Hyadiuau cus. ene
ut up the old one, and at i:za u cis
the strik
again as usual,
| TO TEST NEW STEEL PROCESS.
{ Thomas A, Edison, Jr, Organizes a
Company to Back His lnvention,
[SPECIAL TO THE TIMES-HERALD.1
NEW YORK, Moreh 1,~Thomns A. Edison,
Ur., has taken steps to secure practical tests
of his Invention of a new process for hard-
ening steel, which, ho claims, whilo It costs
less than half that of the Harvey process,’
gives much superfor results, “AU six-inch
plate treated by his process, he deetares, {s
equal {f not superter in power of rezistance
to a l-Inch Harveyized plate. It Is also
much superior, he asserts, to. the Krupp
process, :
aot pfneratontire-meW Clacovery the Thomas
. Edison, Jr, and William Holzer 8)
Tron Process Company has been incorporated
in West Virginia, with a capital of $1,000,000,
Thomas A, Ediyon, Jr., Is president, Mr. Hol-
zer vice president and Franklla D. Palmer ot
Poughkeepsie secretary and treasurer. ~
The foundry and machthe-shopa of tho
Mitchell Heater Company of Poug' hkeepsie
are belng refltted as experimental works for
- the new company,” ee oe
fl GOING TO STUDY/ PORTO ~RICO.
WY Tr bone
Wb! B1F9F
WN. Y. Tribtine:
MAR 8 1899
fr =
A NEW METHOD OF HARDENING STHHL,
The rumor has been current: in: town for, several
days that Thomag Sapiadtzon. Jr., has organized a
u
ening steel,‘ more: espeatally armor Plates.’ The
methods employed. by Harvey and’ Krupp “affect
only the’ outer part of a mass. of steel, but the
way through. The company control
on.the invention, ‘but, instead of Boing Interna
Itself with ‘Heensing other concern
“proceas. Owing .to Mr, Edison's ahsonos. feo, ihe
city. It has been imposible to ‘verity the atory fully,
Rdurer
FOagenNA, 9, =|
T°. ATS. MERIT DOUBTED © .
Manufacturers’ Are Not .Enthus«
Young Edison's
(pag eer :
. ° Discovery ONAL
Whatever merit the Invention of.Thy
A. -Edlson, Jr, may Iny’ clainy to, :tlie atcet |
ny yturers, :with ‘headquarters ‘in thin’
elty, in Cussing’ the new process by
which ‘the son of the “iwizard"’ claims ho |):
will ‘revolutionize “the: steel’ manufacturing |!
laduatry of. this cot advance’ various |
opinions. Shee tate NB dae
. Mat the localtotfices of the Carnegie.Com-
» L pany, Ogden Aortman, tho :Pillndelphin
representatlve of the firm, shld that he had
heurd ‘soinothing, about Thomus: A. Bdlon,
Jr.’s ‘new. process, but that he. was not pre.
pared ‘to'enter Into a detailed. divcuusion ‘of
the mattor, - 43. aa
“TI do not-see: whereby ‘the. new process,
differs materially from the Harvey meth-
od.” Mr. Hoffinnn said. “It has been ‘the
“/ object ‘of-manufacturers gradually : to dla-
.| tribute the strength of the material instead
;| O£ cantluing the power of resistance. to the
_ | surface, There ts no question that the ex-
erlence gulned in bis father's -worksho}
fiw been invaluable. to poung digon a
the great ‘electrician ‘himself has experi.
mented in.the metal Ine during the Jast
few years. But IT am not rendy to admit
thnt “the: nethod - will revolutionize - the
manufacturing world os $s claimed for It
However, thne will tell what merit: es tr
store for the procesa.”*) - ”
‘The Penngylvanta Steel Company offictal:
seemed rather anxloua to ‘avoid: discusslor
In thesntatter, The sane reluctaney wa
pevident when ‘the Cambria Iron -Compin
people were approached, . ome
. “We are too busy. with our own, offairs.t
bother with those of others," wai
ply at the ‘lntter: office, ae
- 0
Surprised His Relativ:
Bernard, Corvin, of: this clty,: after t
absence of twenty-flve years,-i8 sutpristt
his relatives by reappearing at their home
svhere ‘A bappy reunton 18° always’ cel
cheated...) He: lost” one leg in any Indl
¢
1
!
\
4
4
a
a
if
E
»
stock company to ze & new process for hard-
-new system fs expected to harden the'piate all.the.
jpanufacturing. operations, it will probably content.
WY evs
PA jatte Lohit
eee
PAGS?
1T94
Y
aHrnal
°
Lermenw seer BBs cast
swe
me ee Ree wren ee er ee ee ey cerrerren tay
TAE
Sundey March 5.18979
THE PHILADELPHIA, 1
MEG’S WISIT TO
WIZARD EDISON
THE WONDERS OF HIS MAGNIFICENT
WEST ORANGE LABORATORY.
NO NOVELS ON THE BOOK SHELVES
All of the Many Volumes on Sofentina
Subjocts — Tho Inventor 1s Always
Busy, But Takes Enough Timo to bo
Corteous to Visltors—Sketeh of THis
Iapld Riso. ‘
THOMAS A. EDISON
We wailed for tlm in the Ibrary of his
magnificent laboratory at West Orange, New
Jersey—walted nervously, for we were not
there by invitation, but as Intruders, and
Mable to arrest for all we Knew to the con-
trary. No one had replied when we pressed
the button at the gate of the high picket
fence, Intended to protect the busy
“Wizard” from a too admiring or too curl-
oug public. We represented beth of these
classes, also another, celebrated for its
“nerve,” and we had come too far and
were too much in earnest to allow a little
thing Mke a plcket fence to keep us out.
Even barbed wire could not have done It
with Thomas A. Edison on the other side.
We were quite willing to risk Jeaving sam-
ples of our tallor-nade gowns on the plekets
just for the satisfaction of getting Inalde
the ningle enclosure, even though we were
thrown out bodfly the next minute,
But It didn't come to that, “Heaven helps
those who help themselves," and this thie
henven sent a small boy, whom we
“poosted" over the fence, aud who wnlocked
the gate from: the inslde, showed us the way
into the Ilbrary and then ran for his Ife, .
Waylaying the first employe that passed,
we wheedled him Into carrying a card with |.
A more or less “tender message written
upon It, to Mr. Edison, and the Kindly word
came-back, delivered by the same employe,
now In a broad grin, that Mr." Edison was
about to leave for New York, but would see
ug before leaving,
—————
Lho Wizard's Attractiva Smile.
Soon as the attendant’s back was turned
we fell upon cach other's necks In a dellrlous
embrace over what we considered our great
luck; then we attempted to compose our
selves In order to mect thls great man with
tt dignity forelgu to pleket fence cllmbing,
and akin to what we Imagined his own would
de Ike, But how unlike the real Edlson was
the Edfson of our fancy, and how much moro
charming! Inatend of 1 tustldlously dressed
“hoss" with severe countenance, upon thls
ocenston puckered with displeasure over our
intrusion and Intended to show us he had
ho thme for women whe could no moro un.
derstand his work than a couple of geese
could; Snstend of this style and manner he
came In sintiing, his well-worn pepper and
salt ault as dirty as that of any workman
on the place, and hokling one chemleally-
discolored hand up ‘to the ear mude deat
by the cruel blow of a railrond conductor
who had no paticneo with the newsboy
Tom Edison who was forever making ex.
perlments with chemicals even on the traln,
and who tuls thne had caused an explosion,
But here he stood before us, the same
newsboy who got his ears hoxed; afterward i
the poor young telegraph operator wander.
Ing from place to place, making a: record
as a Wghtnuing operator, and atways hunting
for the cheapest restaurants, ‘The same who
Inter Invented the famous stock-ticker und
who dldn't know what to do with the $40,-
000 he got for the patent; the same wizard
at whose magle touch were to spring [nto
exfatence those marvels of Inventlon—the
quadruplex telegraph, the carbon infero-
phone, the Incandescent light, the phono-
graph, ete, ete. Here was’ before us the
poor boy, homeless, moneyless and unknown
no longer; but a man now, 2 milonatre, the
finest house In West Orange for a home,
countless friends and honors of every kind
continually being thruat upon him; © mem-
ber of the Legion of Honor now, and during |
the French Exposition af 1889 the orchestra
played the Amertenn national anthem when
he entered the Grand Opera House In Paris,
and this-we know is a compllinent which Is
paid only on the entrance of kings,
Quite an Alffablo Irost.
We found {t all hard to reatire~a falry
tale in fact—now that we were In his pres-
ence and he stood shaking his head In mock
gravity over the situation, his kindly eyes
full of a humorous twinkle and his rea,
white and blue hand held back of his car
to catch our denial of having climbed over
the fence, which he Inughingly sald he
wouldn't put past us, But it was all right,
and he wag sorry we had any trouble to get
in; sorry, too, he had to go to New York to
bury one of his workmen; safd he atways
made it a polnt to gee hia “boys” lald away;
had just returned from burylng his father-In-
Jaw, left Mrs. Edison with her people or
he would take us over to “Glenmont" (the
name of hls home), but hoped we would en.
Joy our vist to the laboratory; he would
send Mr, Hatlentine, hls right bower, to con-
duct us over the building, and we had his
permission to carry away anything loose
thit we wanted, ete,
But we only wanted to carry away his
photograph and his autograph, and these he
gave us himself, writing bla namo Jn the
pretty way we have always scen it, and
without the least nervousness, though ho
was In a desperate hurry,
The fine dock-talled bay horse and top
Dugey stool at the door, ao throwlng himself
into a dlsreputadle looking gray ulster that
didn't seem to fit hin anywhere, he jumped
Into the vehicle and was drlyen out of the
Inboratory grounds, and we were taken In
charge by Mr. Batlentine, a genlal Scotch-
man, who had been some years with Mr
Edlson, and who seemed full of veneration
for the “Wlzard," though this we discovered
was the genera! feellng among the men,
Whilo waiting for Mr. Ballentine’ to “nt.
tend to some Ilttle matter’ before he contd
show us around we had time to examine
thoroughly the pretty Ibrary where Mr.
Edigon recelyes, his callers: and ‘where he
must do lis reading, presumably, since his
| sclentitic books are kept here, “You won't --
find any ‘novels’ on’ these. shelyes, girls," ho
had sald to.us,-nnd we didn't. All dry as
punk to us, and thousands of them, ; .
Times.
Somo of Edison's Trensures,
This Wbrary room wlth [ts finkshlngs and
furnishings, a framed card informed us, was |
a gift to Mr. Edlson from all of the present
and some of the past employes, Everything
fs In onk, hard wood finish, ‘Che cane-seated
oak chairs have Mr, Edison's monogram
carved on the back. There are two gale
Jerlex, on the second of which Is the $40,000
collection of mntnerals exhiblted by Tiffany
at the Parls Exposition and purchased by
Mr. Edison. Almost the outire space on one
side of the room I# taken up with an cle-
xantly tiled Mre-place, in which terra-cotta
logs resting on splendid wrought fron
stands are apparently belng consumed by
ortlitclal gas, Over this fire-place $s ono of
the finest speelmens of wood carving, fn
way of a mantel, sald to be In this country,
and it was done hy homo talent.
‘The eutire space from top of mantel to
ceiling Is Mled by the face of a clock carved
fu oak, A bust of Humboldt in plaster oc-
euples one end of the mantel, and a bronze
figure of Sandow, with all bls wonderful
museles showlug true to Ilfe, occuples the
other, while between them, with spreading
wings, sits on Amerlean engle that was
brought from the Paria Exposition, where
Its eyes had been Ilghted by electriclty.
Tn the centre of this brary Is one of the
largest—and Mr, Edison thinks the flnest—
Pleces of statuary, both as'to enrving and
conception, in the world. The sculptor waa
Bordiga, and the subject’ is the Genlus of
Electricity represented by 2 woman sitting
on a street lamp putting out the gas and
holding aloft a mammoth clectric bulb,
which Is attached to a battery which stands
at her feet atong with a telegraph iInstru-
ment, telephone receiver, a book of acience,
a cog wheel, ete. The walls are well cov-
ered with pletures of men prominent in art,
selence and Iterature. A whole page of
TuE Tises, dated March 13, 1890, giving a
“write up" of Mr, Edison, with I{lustra-
tions, fs framed and hung up. Another frame
contalns his certificate of membership in
the New York Chamber of Commerce. An-
other holds an autograph copy of “Amer-
fea," written by the author In 1832, and
presented to Mr, Edison In 1894,
Other Fontuves of the Work.
Woe could spend al! ottr tlme in the Mbrary,
but must hurry on to the great room na full
of machinery as a watch {g of works, aud to
the drawing room, where several men are
continually maktug drawings for new ma-
chinery, for be it known Mr. Edison Is
Worklug out of electrical. and Into mechan-
Jeal Inventions, We atl know of his inyen-
tlon for extracting fron ore from the rock
for the New York, Pennsylvania and Great
- Bake [ron trade and the predictions that
Mr. Edtson’ waa wasting his fortune in this
j enterprise, and we know the ore is now
being taken out by the freight car load and
that tho stock of the corporation Is on the
Jump,
We saw the great wooden moiels of a
sand separator and a atone’ crusher, and
afterwards saw the wonderful machinery
cutting the thing out In fron, whittling ang
shaving as If the iron were plne wood,
These seemed to us queer Inventlons for Mr,
Edison, We had never associated him with
this kind of work.: We felt.better satlsfled
and more ag if we were with Mr, Edison
when we were taken into a dark ‘room and
allowed to see each other's heart by menns
of the X-ray ‘and to hear clectricity made
to crack Iike.a whip In the hands of a stago
coach driver. But our cup of gratificatlon
was filled to the brim only after we had
visited Mr, Edison’s own private workshop,
wherein we were told he had made 18,000
experlinents with the Huorescent ray before
i he got the X-ray, and the finprovements on
the Crook tubes ng they nre used to-day,
Wo had evidently left his work table In
+a hurry to come to us and to leave to bury
a
{ hla dead employe, doubtless, for, there were
many evidences of a hasty exit on. the
table Itered with specimens of ore, bottles
half filled with unknown substances and
leayes from writing tublets-covered with fyg-
ures, The place seemed full of the pervon-
ality of the man. A fecllng of awe crept
over us ag we realized that here Ilved and
thonght and labored the man whose In-
ventions have practically changed the face
of the globe, who tins gained and spent
milffons In doing It; who has been honored
ag much if not more than any man now
ving and whose wonderful falry-tale life
raises the ol question as to whether the
opportunity: makes the man or. the man
‘makes the opportunity,: ( . - .
So Die Le . Mea.
——
W. Y. ak
MAR - Me
poo
ce + oom, . . +
HIS MADE TUE FIRST PHONO RAVI,
Jahn Krust, Who Was Burled. on Feb. 25,
Was Ono of Edison’s Best Ansistanty,
> -‘Lho man who made tho first phonograph was”
‘burled at Schenectady on Feb, 25,. ‘Ho was ons!
jot the Httlo band of moh who worked wittid
¢Thoinas A. Edlson at Mento Park and theotigh’
whoso skill nnd falthful assistance were devel-'
jonod the many inventions which‘ gave to Edl-
‘son the namo of “the Wizard.” It was in those
idays that Edison used to. bocome absorbed In
itho Yevelopment of an idea, work at it without
Feat or sleop for two or threo days and nights
hod Koop all those about him busy at the sama
jtime. ‘Ho would calf Inan organ grinder from
tho ‘atreeta to. keop his mon awako or rosort,
:éome othor such device, and wher
tee dtrain was ilnally over, chartera bont and.
Ital all hands down ‘the bay of & Ashing ox-'
jeuraion. -Amonse-the mont tircluss-of-the man!
about “tho Wizard’. avout “that timo- was:
ny Kruoai, the nian. who mado tho flest:
honograph, Tho {dea had come to Mr. Edl-
jon as_an insplration a few days before whilo
fia. Ayns oxporlinenting with a'telophono disk: .
The disk was not inclosed,- and. thera. was a
sharp polnted pin on the back. of it, Ag Mr.
Edison spoke ngalnst the face of the disk, Its
vibrations drove the pin into his fager.
2: “Il tho: disk has power enough to prick my
Minger.” thought. the Wizard, “It has nowor
lenough to make a record which can be res,
‘produced. a
("A few days lator ho called: Kruest to him, and,
putting into his hands a rough .skotch of the
Iphonograph, oxplatned what the thing was té
ido, and told him to make It. It wes a roll
{mnehine, the roll covorod with {infoll to take
ithe record.
‘Kruesi mado tho machino and brought it to
ie Fdison, -Edlson sot It going and Broke
ifoto its
ix AMary had a title lamb, ,
der Ttw tleeco waa white an snow,
bo, A lovery where that Mary went
bo ‘The lamb was sure to go,
Then ho started it to repeat his words, ox=
{peetlin ut viv vost but a iwarse Murmur In ane
iswor, No was almostawod when he hoard hia
swords actually repeated In clear tones by the
ifittle machine, ‘Chat [ngehina fs, ig now in tho
‘tent Muyseium at south Kensing
Mr, Kruest romained with Palnon and beenme
ono of hig nartnors in’ the devalopmont of the
clectric stant, and In 183d, when tho, Edison
inching works wore Fromovod to Bchonectady,
a wont there as nasistnut gonerat managor
yng or Mr, Sainuel Insull, In 1892, when tho
\ jeneral H lectric Company was forined and tho
fwwholo plant of Rrent combination
Ewhe convolldated, Mr, Kryest beeame genorat
Fmasoger of tho works. [tavus under his super.
Vinton thut the Seheneetady works, tho larcoat
‘dad ‘moat complete of their ktnd Inthe world,
were desiznod and-buflt, At tho timo of his
death Air, Kruesi was the efilof machunteal one
Aincor of the Gonornl Etectrie Company, Of
ythe original ‘Batnon band of workers only threa
Were nbsont fron the funeral, Theag wore
P.O. Martin, editor of the Jectrical "Engineer :
{Luthor stierlnger, and i. H. Johnson, allo!
ils were unavoidably detained oluewhore,
= Mr. Krust was a native of Switzerland. nnd
Tai born jn 1843, Iie fame to this country in
Gand Went to work for the Bineee jewing
ty pine von pany at Eizabethpart, "Ta June,
372, whi lod edison was making Gold and Stock
Hxalianco ( a logranh Instruments: in:a Nowark
hon. at joined him and was one: of-the
freeot is Workmen, to ba tranaferrod: from.
oommarel In} to. exper! mental work eye Ml.
;80n goL.monoy a ope! 9)
flove iorguent ot! hfe Fes on phir ts
la Gr ne streot, Nowatis. te ;
ee " PRenograph ~ Aleneral”
——
i
i
i
i
i
|
i
j
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885,_ --~
No.——-———~
va
From the
jlOnet 6
PARK PLACE
Nev yoR dy. <
ee 0
idl
- Tims
VENTOR
. OF THE
PHONOGRAPH DEAD ;:
' WORKED WITH “09°
'. - EDISON ON THE.
t+ FIRST DISK
THE INV
He Received the Gencral Plan From
‘the Wizard and Putt Into =”
” Actual Operation.
Through h ae sit an oe
were developed the miiny: Invent
save to Eaigon the name of “the Wizard.”
It was In those days that Edison: used to
hecome absorbed In the development of an
Idea, work at Se without rest or sleey. for
{wo or three days and nights and keep all
those about him Iusy at the same thne.
} We would call fn an organ grinder from
the strects to keep his men awake or resort
jo rome other, such device, and when the
strain. was finally over, charter a bout and
fake all hands down the buy on.a fishing
sgxeursion, 7
Among the most tireless of the men abhor
he.Wizard” about that tine was Job
-‘Kruesl, the man who made the first phon
“graph, The lea had come to Mr. Ediso
‘as an Snsplration a few days before whil
be wns experimenting with a telephone disk
The dixk was not Jnclosed, and there was t
sharp poltited’ phic ontthe back of It As
Mr, Edlson ppoke agalyst the face of the
disk, Ita vibration. drove the pin Into bis
Nogers "< ar
“Tf the diak has power enough to prick
my" finger,” thotight the Wizard, “it has
power enough to make u record which can
be reprodiiced.” ‘ c
A few doys Inter he called Krues} to bin,
and, puttlhg into his hands a rough sketch
‘of the phonograph, explained what the
ting was to do, and told him to make It.
It was roll machine, the roll covered with
tinfoil to take the record.
Kruesi made the snachine and brought it
to Mr. Fdlson, Edison set It going and
spoke into it:
Mary had a little lamb,
Ite fleece war white ns s00T.
Aud orerswhere that Mary went
The lumb wae sure to Ko.
Then he started It to repeat his words, ox-
[PHOTOCOPY]
“peetiug at the hest but a hoarse murmur in
jinswer, He was almost awed when he heard
Jia words actually repeated In clear tones
jby the Hirde machine, That machine Is now.
An the Patent Musenm at South Keuslugton,
Mr. Kroes) remained with Edison and be
came one of his partners In the development
of the electric Ught, and in 1s, when the
fdlyon machine warks were removed to
Schenectady, he we there 06 assistance
i general manager winder Mr. Samuel Insall.
Tn 182, when the General Electric Come
pany was formed and the whole plant of the
grent combination was consulldated, Mr,
| Kruesi beeame general manager ‘of the
‘works, It was under bis supervision that
the Schenectady works, the lergest and
most complete of their kind {0 the world,
were designed and bullt. .
At the thue of hls death Mr, Krnest was
the chief mechanical engineer of the Gen-
eral Electrig Company, Of the original Edl-
son band of workers only three were absent
‘from the funeral, These were |T. C. Mar-
tin, editor of the Electrical Engineer: Luther
Stleringer amd BE. H. Jelinsan, all of whom
were unavoldubly detained elsewhere. -.
Mr. Kruesl was a native of Switzerland,
and was born In 1843... He came to this conn
try {n 1870 and went to work for.the Singer
Sewing Machine Company at Elizabethport.
In June, 1872, while Edison was making
Gold and Stock Exchange telegraph Instru-
ments Ina Newark shop, Kruest Joined him
and was one of the first of his workmen to
be transferred from commercial to experi-
mental work when Edison got money
enough to open a shop for the developingpt
of its Meas In 1875. That shop. sas" in
Greene street, Newark,” ae
oO au
soreness peo ey
: First, Be
eg "INCORPORATED
1
em erreteemerye Tent
stand
Largest:
1885.
[PHOTOCOPY]
‘
$
i
J uaieeneens
ew WS Ae
[PHOTOCOPY]
ae
eo
panviechasistd
gnachuaulhorizd
ind-producing ima
joutiin: dome
beAInyentbereays. xt 5 etter,
” svarigua wectionesor ‘the ‘coun ry;rcomplaiatnes ¥
zt, the. failure of po-called *-kdison phonograph ‘com-"I:
nies’% to-forward goods ordered by {mall, ‘an Lin.
sayiinstances paid -for in ‘advance. { ~ :
nfevery.éase-brought: to ‘his: attention,
-attornéys, “has requested’ the ‘dis=\)
if the-.use eof. his nama<where ,unan-)|
nd:the ‘request-has invariably ‘been ‘com=*
th.}The' first, to refuse. was pamies iG:
No. 23' South -Elxhth-st.,-Philadelphi
jatore, at that addr 8 under.th
in,
honograph '‘Company,’!. spar=)7'§
ording “to-the ‘bill: fled ey tate
Himself -as the. ‘Edison*Phono-)|' J
cand used that name .on*Jlettera,3
js-and. other advertising devices,
tha photograph of Mr. ‘Edison, /¢He was’):
a} ‘discontinue this practice, sbut‘rdfuged |‘
0710 '80."and ‘the ‘present ‘suit was ingtit 3}
the :bill-MrojEdison ‘says. that his na’ is po ‘close-%'
‘ly fdentified with..the invention of the) phonograph, >|
which he patented in ‘this and, other ‘cqimtries in :
STi,vthat (the udé“of it'in ¢onnection “with the. sale!)
-fhot falmllar Unstruments ‘.made.’ by “other. épers
causes him great. pecuniary and other'loss, -§:..
n.*1887,,Mr-. Edison ‘says, he caused to be-formed |
Edison Phonograph Company, -to which‘he sold
horiograph patents-held by him prior to 1878. ;|
‘ormed ‘the Edison -Phonograph’ Works,
g ational .Phonograph Company gfor ;the-
tmanutacture’and: sale of :the goqds covered by ‘the;
"| :patents_of- the Edison”“Phonograph Company.-/The
‘bill sfurthe?<relates that ‘Mr. Edison" controls ‘the
stock of these several companies, and the-use of hig
gine :-by. the’ defendant, Grifith, 1a contrary 746
uity }and should, be ,enjoined. .. as
a
NEWARK ‘CONFERENCE
| First, Best and Largest.
} _INCORPORATED 1885.
ba oss eer ee
i : From ‘te
| pe Pers
; PARK 2D
_ byes aly
Hy OX
7 2747 3
I I ce
ae :
[PHOTOCOPY]
ppressionss
ess: notable has been
radatte
qe hea temiptations’ ‘which: reached ':;
hi et Hardly ‘a homme was safe from, their
ae trail ‘of theracetrack. “ ev il. ha
Kk sue embezzlements, eT silicidés
cSyery, Ren of society; ar
ty these evils, faye been. checked a
empo: aly. Of. colirse as soon as ‘the polic
Sta
proof: ‘that pacrality cin be spheld a
“itself'i is encouraging to: all’ good ‘citi
pale,
[PHOTOCOPY]
5
ms OH Sts
DE-BARAS ARE SENTENCE
: Net gama yi gf noe
? f Phe Years an 1D Wife:
a3 Ono? Year in' Jail. i |
‘| Baron:Edgar de Bara and his wite; Fannie, i
#Phoswere” recently: sconyicted-in the: United |:'1
fyptates3 District ‘court on eleven ‘indictmenta’y{,|
f.fOrs using” thomails* to: defraud, . were-sen-; ||
enced«by~ Judge: phleaat :yesterday-aftor-
noon. o-former,‘recelved a: sentence ‘of:
hréo'ycars’ imprisonment in the penetentlary.f;
(fJolet, while the latter recelyed one year’a :
eimprisonm: ‘Du--Pi jasl.at, +
R PG Mage d Otay * 5
1 -of' thecourt was pronounced; [
pfter’the motionsfor‘a ‘new trial. and orrest
of\judgment ‘had peendonled, and after’ the’ |
Jawyors< ‘for .the« defense: had mada;'strong |};
vie y u telately: leas: forclomency“in“bebalt‘of their clients.’ H
this BB:-0%: ‘oubte \When"tho ‘court-had roftusod-the ‘defendants. }}
haves Vegun7to;cc’ Ps . w:now'trial, Edgar'de Bara/arose,’and in. a}!
‘His. pringip egy frembllng volo. ;asked that... clemency .“-be |
gel fendy: tard phown his wife, and'that he recelye tho burden '
arto igationaliphysles, aud |i; ptithe\court's: sentence." While ha-mado hia.|!
{injsonsstlone DU: sees: tea'for meroy:the ifo'gat at his aldo andwent |:
Sently. "
E ‘Snvhisiabor
it-whon:jn:his if
Py Theil ares, itis.clalmed,
360,000through’ thelr scheme, :-They camo to;
hicago:iast’falliand “toolc.rooms iat’ No. 116.
enrborn*streat, ‘under tho: names:of George.
BetHonschel_and(B Wilson.’ -'Thoy.act them-;
polyes.up ag agente of.tha Ediaan-Rhanosy, BY)
‘ompany and-bad numerous circulars-printed:.
earingyIn “the corner‘a*picture ‘of Thomas,
Edison,*Inv.thase;circulara’tho" Doe~Baras |
fered?-thelr’.correepondents “large Induce-:
ents’ ont ae apents oltthe, company.in
ain, ;
SSRLIGENY 7
TlorerOowda,
ET ITE on,
le démlse> theo se
at Gee of the estate,
i ita cs aster whet
hg a
‘Henry! B. Bap.
\ theldefendanca
sand: objected to
Sphonecom.'|:
ness. > Tudge:
‘ghicasos
oh unpsstr}o
{America
y.who ara not jag-and lt Fe, i
pee
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[PHOTOCOPY]
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ata on “omlees tnt e/Hdlson? say ‘i
Hngyat=44) Broads “gontinued Mri |
Pres poe i whereX Thasidlos ther sgramos
phone! #inatrument} entirely;s*dittérent
m? the; phonographs gud “one! in} which |
Mroymdison} his” ‘no: invegtive!
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‘ juftal “Aug. 3 (Spectal), Thomas: val Edison
“registered’ at the Iroquois this morning, and -bef
he lett: Burftalo for Chautauqua, Where he will ‘spend,
ten da: ‘gat the family cottage, he consented -to slys
ba we opinions | about automobiles and possibilities.
“Y “other: Ines of motor power, He was at lei int
in tha discovery. that-he, had arrived!
5 Just as-the Davia. automobtle- -made Ate. ean
‘pearance: When told’ that the Davji maching hadi
tmot- with, a mishap at Bergen,-Mr, HEdison, wh
Yat-work-on an-improved machinatef that vari ty,
isgaid:'“"The great trouble with, our people is th a
‘rush on.the road. with. a “thing which 1s but, Bie
invented,- tuslead of waiting until It is Mio make
in every’ ‘detail. J have Lara that it pays to mak
ly in theso matters.”
= maui expressed his opinion that a moc! re
ism the-cost of which would not exceed that. Shot,
carriage and a team of horses has a great bach
awalting ,{t. The effect of automobiles tee ates
overy street will be to revolutionize modern: life,
Mr, Edison always secs in his mind's eye the Ors
)
dteplaced. The - noiseless carriago, gliding: ie
mooth pavements like those © Ho many DOE
any people, but ove ly
sibiy all 8 good mecustomed. ‘to the new order.
things, “ho bellever. , ontinued Mr, Edison, ‘with!
net tata thule pasuats | Meglt to, aes ene:
Sieay 6 ¢ Bhar in Oy inalocwil forfeit its name of,
D aitent Sheed. There will be. others. Automebile!
‘Busses: may possibly supplant to som6 & ob jente
elegant * ‘strectcaré,,, because they will, be
“ener ove en tat mort’ that
Mr, Hdlson, made, OS tmportant, state world to
ne of the eas!
Ae moule eieckriclty as a motive power. on the Brie
“Canal. : The
Yi hich.
jatand in the way of an Impnroy ements mit of serious
‘ ‘Edison was.a victin:
‘argument, ‘Not long ago, Mr. Abyaeatattt
of omercufals polon ning ‘as the result nf esl beey
2 thing in Fis laboratory. ‘He. has now, fully reco:
‘ered. i)
Rare. pe .- Sentinel
nUG ie ous
a TNOMAS Av}
‘otie of thee Wo
hitroduce ‘eleo a bli f power
on the Erie Canal:, HS thinks certain un
named. but powerful iniliences atand In!
the..wiy--of an. ulectrieni- “iniproyement,.
which, tothe sclentilic mind, secnia too
aitople’ to; ,adimit of serlons. argument,
This ia abont the ‘strongest testiniony ‘on!
ithe matter that has beon given. Edison
{is not accustomed to talk about. things
electrical without knowing whereof he
speaks.": He is now. working upon .an:
jeléctric automobile, but deprecates rush-'
‘ing. upon the rond with a thing which is,
‘but half invented instead of waiting until!
« is perfected “in, every detail..,; His com--
( upon the numerous’ breakdowns of:
ie Davis automobile, was: that {t pays y
iwake haste slowly in these matters. .
D
ae
sit ust
eS ado
+.“Then you think Mr, Charo:
“homei a beaten man, do you?"
“question -asked ‘Mr. Edison at hia=! home
fn-Liewellyn Park to-night. ~o220)*
«Well, ho replied, “from what ¥ know
of.the French automobile, I don’t*hest-
tate to say that should Mr):Charron
‘attempt to race from Chicago to’-New
York: he would not finish In the. race
at: atthe French machine would | go
0 pieces on our roads.”
: Mr: Edison admitted that for the past
six-months he had spent most of' his
4me.experlmenting with a hope of: plan-)
nig sa read Ceacning suitable for ‘any.
ise, -
“Then you propose to go Into the:
automobile, manufacture,” queried. ..the
porter, “should your experlarign 8°
eat: vour expectations?’ _
“Plat will depend,” sald Mtr. Eatso;
He. declined to make’ public ‘the . kind
of-machine, or the way-be wan experleg
menting on it.
ere
aug &.. hegy
a AUToMOnILE PossiniL TIES. mask
Thomas A. Bdinon’s | Views,
- olution in Modern’ Life.;,:
‘ Buffalo, : NE Yay Aug. 4.—(8peclal,
‘Thomas;.A. - “who Was in’ town!
ryest ngentedMo give a few hints,
‘about: automobiles and possibilities: is
other Mnes of motor power,” =.=:
!’ Mr, Edison expressed his opinion: that}
ta-mechanism the cost of which: would;
{not exceed that of a carringe..and.‘ai
team of horses has a big markst awalt-
ing. ‘Tho effect of automobiles ‘travers.
“ing. ‘evory._streat . would - bo -to'.revalne}
tionize modern life. Mr. Edison already |
seos'in:‘his mind's eye .the horse: fle
placed. ~The noiseless carriage | glidin:
over.’smooth pavements like ‘those’ o!
Buffato may possibly kill a: goad: ai
People, but eventually overybody.:will:
get. Bcoustomed | to the new .
ha inga he believes.
Te is astonishing,” | continued M eae
son, “with what rapidity ‘the-. public
adjusts ‘Itself to new conditions. - BY
and by the bicycle-and I seo .a-great ~
many .of them tn Buffalo—will-. aertolt |
its-name of silent steed, There-will:be,
,others.> } Automobile: buses. will: possibly
‘supplant ‘to-.some extent” our. elegant’
street- cars “because they will bie 4
;ta-cover;every stroe!
He. thinks’ it would be ‘one:
‘easleat things in the world to imeeaues’
electri Teity: a8 a, motive . power,.on* thas
‘Brie Thore-is.more
:plelon. ‘nr higraind that there: are certain:
tpowerful influences ‘thatstand‘tin™:!
‘way. of: an: improvement; which,*
‘xolentific mind,-seems too simple; t
jof serious argument:
7
eer py ee.
ne fo: BelLen Than Tho:
Tenm—Anicr eaten ‘Qmoblles
Good .ns the. -Fronoh—Chnyron: Won't Ho
Hoard Ofatthe Finish of the Coming Rrea
at erete,
‘tho inventor. {8 working on: plans: to, make
‘putomoblle: voblalés: light ‘and’ setonomtcal..;
: What his. pens fire or how tho Edison. motor}
‘ enrrl voler At Eqtaon la not.
‘rendy tos aay. tat that ho will ‘succeed in turn.
ing out' something better:than anything yet!
;Placod ‘on the market ho is confidont.., Te
‘Jadghs at the Fronch {den: of motot ‘triogclas,”
and. declares that he will turn out atrloyeio
_ Whioh’ean bo gold at a low price ard which till
‘run 160 miles without boing rochargod. “He is
‘looking for. simpitalty, and he sayd: ho will nop
, de satisfied with anything thata child cannot
‘salely-oporate, and — will not?
jolbeleas. f i
“Come up hero some day. in, ajtow weeks,”
sald Mr, Edison, “and you'll soo ue anning all
ey ccd
‘gotiéral
n is onthusiastle, He.doctaroa {t wilt
“bed mattor of only a few yeara when: horsilt
‘wl bo‘ curlositios, Whon tho: automobile.’ ‘is
_Berfectéd. Mr, Edison saya, tho prito'of ‘A buggy,
ae two-ssatud carriage will bo lesg than ! nat of
:team of horses, and {twill
Spoaking of tho proposed inter: tlonal auton,
‘moblla rdco between Charros, ‘réneh' {n>
Yontor, and Winton, tho Amori¢an:‘manutne.!
turor, Mr; Edison declared that tho
wound not be heard of at the Mifs!
rron's machine autd Att disor
bully for tiie ronds fo his own f untry, TY, yore
they ‘havo: billtard tables to ri ey “When
he eh over hore ho will got atuck-in the mut
He Winton will run_away from: i im. Untl
ix onths azo the Freneh automo! He. was
“ahen the A Amorieon, but in ti eo lnst alx
months, re havo made wondortul ‘progress
qn ee 4 a. and | In tho hort wiz; months: :Wo
s
am his own nt expor tmnt with the auto) bt
it
Mr, Edison woul talk, although ang le
mitted t ae he ha Hoon at work or aéve
“mon nthe nnn att attempt to improyo. on tho. i val
nes po
reamonthn ho hns boon. shut up his
_prorkshop ovoting his antire time,.to’ mre
ing 6 pine of his inventions,’ Tho- £9
* plot nt oO} rocess for manufacturing Ainort
fant ordan coment resulted a few wo Ka ago
{nth if 9, ipeornoratio of a aaron
® the coment. pr oan, was
Feom) neked, ifr, # Hulson hne devo: aa foe eoks
“to. improvi: ne the oh onographt ‘wl auch ox.
i caljont rosyite that ho says. his TOW mac hinos
1 20. bo placed in the mark ot Bhorty, t renros
tduea ata a sovoral Umea Tous Beit nn tho
:
|Riay wicheaiee Ove gee Cae eng ans
* 5,0:
Syoleo ‘wh renn. bo Yoard" vat Porstno bai
{
——
considerable interest just , now. ewhen
80 much attention Is being pald to this
class Of Vehicles, Mr. Edison's. driven:
ition ta” ag yet incomplete, at least ‘we
‘have seen no account of a public: trial
‘of-it, but the inventor talks confident- !
Ay, even “béastfully, of the prospects.’
His ‘machino, he says, will ‘transcend
‘in uttlity* any machine of tho sort. that’
has’ yet’been produced. ‘The motor’
can .be plied to bicycles and: ‘érleyles
4 to four-whéeled volileles.,
‘French’ inventors will hang thelr heiids'
din. shame when they sea what has ‘been!
Accomplished by an American. ? Edison!
‘ts ‘convinced that the meéchantam’ ‘tot
‘his machino is far more practical, :i is
_lereatly condensed and the clumey: ap-
‘Pearance of the vehicle will be done
‘away. with.and: the weight reduced. .° |
.‘ Thecontroversy in regard ito he’
the French-and Amorican.a
and’ the * proposed . ‘interna:
jtloual ‘face’ had directed the attention!
lot! the “great inventor to the ‘problemi
ofilong: distance traveling, and
‘itively: ‘asserts that when con
‘his: machine swil have a. runni
‘pacity: of ‘from 12 to 14 miles. an hour;
‘and: that the motive power" wol
jon, said that when the ‘genera
“the ‘price ‘of a “two-deater
-be-brought Mosier
‘team of horses,'a
ugey “complete, £ ae
botght-for from: $300}t019400
ue sall’ta <a
mop! lex
te wit 186, fhatise ats: eeeeaeeereny
Nomepioes an
eas ‘supar! foeity i ei
PROGRESS! ‘or He AUTONOLILE, °
y oft
The rapldit Sigtpweh of the ou-
ihas. agscarcely been
fatiot aiiy other inven-
‘thon considering’,the time that it hag
been in vogue, and there is every indl-
cation of its continuance. Not long ago,
the number of motor vehicle nianufac-
turera jn France ‘was authoritatively
stated as 600, whilo the number in B
Jand was estimated at 110, in Germaiy
40 and In the United States 60, Since
then the number has increased con-
spicuously in this country, for new
companies have been formed at the
Fate of four a week, and a recent state-
ment shows that the‘amount of capital
represented by these concerns comes
close to $300,000,000, Bicycle and car-
rlage companies have gone into the
business, and there are countless cvn-
cerns engaged in manufacturing parts
-of vehicles and equipment. Others have
been formed merely for operating and
many for both manufacturing and
operating. Special tools have to
be made, and the variety of
inechanisms required is large enough
to constitute several distinct: trades,
The automobile trade papér {8 of course
already in the field, devoted both to
buliders and to patrons, |
That the compantes’ do not find bus-
iness dull js evidenced by the. difficul-
4, ty with which orders are filled. A lo-
cal physician who not long. ago’ made
inquiries for an automobile for. use in
his profession, was told that he could
not expect to receive ‘one within a year,
In Boston and other cities, where these
vehicles are already in operation, the
number is increasing but — slowly,
though surely not through any lac):
of popular demand for them... The
French model has ‘hitherto stood ,as
the standard, but Thomas A. Edison
is.authority for. the state e.
American makérs have progressed: 69,
rapidly that another six monthe should
evolve. a better machine in this“ cou! :
eriferion, the automobile-has com
only to stay but to multiply" exceeding-
ly, Time may be Yequired for the‘ evolu-
x but it can hardly be. that human
iingenulty” BT unequal ‘to this: “demand,
jaind {f “it is not,. time will eventually;
‘bring ‘down: the price. The aiitomobile,
Cae Sane kee
muy suis cuerisn tneir trotters, Pacers,
‘saddle horses, matched pairs and four-
in-hands as formerly, and the. horse
will find his condition elevated rather
than degraded by the introduction of
the new: method of rapld transit: Dob-
bin may be driven from certain flelds
‘of labor, but he won't be killed,
Grange, Hef nal
iis wie See
“EDISON AT” WORK, ,ON AUTOMOBILES:
Having Tiaprov ep ptionoxtap ¢ yi
Now Develop Ink ¢ Horteloss Carriage:
id
Automibles ar ‘egsthoinag,, Ax-Wdisen's
_latest; hobby. Fongthe past 81x month
the-has been devoting his-t time tov
‘proving a number of his “Inventl
and .having completed a proces :
manufacturing American . Portland <ce-,
‘ment and improved the phonograph hel
‘is devoting his entire time to the auto
‘mobile, + ' rete
Mr. ‘Edison 1s not ready to say BB, "yet
what ‘his plans are or how the Baison!
; motor. carriages are to be propelled bit;
ihe scoffs at the French {dea of the.mo-!
tor bicycle and declares that he. will,
turn out a tricycle that can be sold at,
a low price and that will run for 160.
miles without belng recharged. He is
looking for simplicity in mechanism’
‘and operation and asserts that he wilt:
not be satisfied with anything that ‘a’
child: .cannot operate or with anything,
but a noiseless machine. In Mr.‘Edl-,
son's opinion «jt will be only Sie
‘years when Pees. | be almost: en-;
tirely: ner ay automobltes.!
‘When motor carriigt is are perfected | he,
says they will cost less than a. “good!
team: of horses and will be maintained!
for one-fifth the amount required to:
keep: a team. eee tin A
“Hila process for manufacturing ‘Ame
erlean Portland -cement is a profound;
secret. It is said. that the cement-can:
be made at a much lower cost than the;
imported and that it fs fully equal to}
that ‘obtained from abroad. = *
“fhe new. phonograph’ which is. .to-
placed on the market in a short’. time,
‘with and ‘the new. talking. ,
'be heard: distinctiy and” n
rdistance_of two or three t dioe!
——
199
The Gret Inventor is Directing his Gentus Toward the
Construction of an Electric Motor Carriage
“Cyrus P. Jones I
it
HOMAS A, EDISON, the century's
greatest wonder-worker, Has been or-
For one whole week thisjsummer he
- - hausted by the intense application he
Was: been giving to his work. His great brain was
never more prolific of ideas, but the strain of eighteen
hours a day in his laboratory was beginning to tell on
him and to threaten collapse. ;
I was astonished at the thoroughness of the wizard's.
dered by his physician to-take a rest. ;
was confined to his bed, physically ex-:
a Q , p . Q a
A Cheap Automobile Needed ar
Quick as ever to grasp a situation, the inventor has
evidently forescen the need of just sith a machine,—
one that will cost less than two iandred] ang fifty
dollars, and consequently be within the medns of the
horse-owner of to-day.. If the horse is ‘toibe super-
seded, by the motor car, it must be by mbans of a
vehicle that costs less thanthe animal. If itcpsts more
it will not be generally used. ‘The cumbrous electric
cab now used, heavy and inartistic as it is, tosts two
thousand dollars, but it is Mr. Edison's. parpose to
reduce the price, to five hundred dollars, a make it
lighter, and more pleasing to the eye.” Once he can
demonstrate that a cab can be“produced on {he:above
lines, he will extend the pros @ to hundreds of other
styles and sizes of vehicles, somé of which will be put
on the market, in all probability, as low as on¢: hundred
and fifty dollars apiece. 7 ||
The Approach of the Horseless Age * |
“ "Something of the magnitude of the field in which
i) Mr. Edison's efforts are now being directetl may be
gathered from the figures of recent incorporations,
Six companies are now organized, and thre¢ of them
are engaged in the tianufacture of horseless: vehicles.
‘The aggregate capital of the’ six companies ls eighty
3 millions, Several kinds are made in.the United States,
including gasoline vehicles and storage battery
electric cabs. The average cost of the formeris twelve
methods, ‘The great institution which he simply} hundred dollars, and of the latter two. thousand: dol-
terms a workshop, in West Orange, Neiv Jersey, is"lars, ‘The gasoline motor costs less to run, as it docs
really a combination of vast machine sliops, experi-: not require over.a gallon of the fluid to,makela trip of
ment rooms, scientific test rooms, and apartments set: fifteen miles; wherens, an electric wagon. miist be re-
aside for draftsmen, It must represent dn outlay of
a million dollars, ‘There are delicately contrived in-
struments that required the best skill. of Europe to
produce. In the galleried library there are scientific
volumes that cost their weight in gold. |
Upstairs in the music room Raymonj);Moore was
singing a tenor solo for record making while a dis-
tingtished pianist accompanied him. A new engineer
was being drilled in his work as 1 entered; Mr. Edi-
son was doing the drilling. He never requires a man
to do anything that he cannot do himselfy If his em-
ployces were as good mechanics ‘as.he,,onb-half of hi
tremondouslabors would be saved but, S itis, he is
constantly obliged to be in attendance wien putting
charged every trip of fifteen miles at consideranly
more expense, ‘I'he automobile is rapidly assuming
‘a detinite place in the public mind, and this condition
is bound to result in an extended market as soon as
construction can be simplified and the price reduced.
The United States government has taken the first
steps looking to the use of electric mail wagons. for
both collection and delivery purposes. A company of
capitalists in Morristown, New Jersey, has experi-
mented with a view to establishing a regular Pas
senger service in that city, neither cable nor tro! ley
“lines having been permitted to obtain franchises there,
It is proposed that automobiles shall do the same
service there as electric street cars in other places, A
great many wealthy men now own private convey-
ances, and several physicians employ this means of
answering calls quickly, but it can hard) y be said that
motor vehicles are becoming common. England uses
: ten to America’s one, while France uses a hundred to
A England's ten. If the conditions mentioned ever pre-
vail,—and it rests with such inventive genius as Mr.
Edison’s to bring them about,—the day may not be far
distant that will usher in a horseless age
up a new contrivance, As I watched hig, his hands
grimy with bluckened oi) and his pockets Bulging with
nuts, bolts, and bits of machinery, I began to under-
stand one of the ‘reasons for his marveléus success,
He studies.everything and knows everything concern-
ing-his inventions from the ground up.a
Edison and His “Boys” 1
Just now Mb. Edison is bending his talents to dis-
covering a perfect cement, one that ‘shall take the
place commercially of the article used by builders
and in hydraulic construction. In addition, he 1s try-
ing to perfect a motor-vehicle which shall be of popular
price, ‘hese two are simply his leaders, '. The other
six or eight inventions upon which he bestows daily
attention are in connection with his great concentrat-
ing works at Edison, New Jersey, where he is revolu-
tionizing all known methods of crushing;iron ore,—
and‘in-making improvements in-his phonographic and
telegraphic departments. He works on thege improve-
ments constantly, and no sooner is one perfected and
atented than he starts on another.:’ His }'boys,” as
he calls the two thousand employees of his various
plants, need constant attention to kee ian going,
a
[exe heat
Unventors
and of course Mr. Edison is notsatisfied with anything
commonplace. He wants the several busitlesses to be
‘up*to-date, and when competition comes. he. contrives
something to put them ahead of their competitors, if
human ingenuity can accomplish it. 5
‘T think he expects to win the grandest success of his
life in giving to the world an automobile that will be
within the reach of the average person, He would not
say this,. His well-known economy .of words,—in ad-
vance of-the completion of.a triumph,—precluded any
hope | might have had of an explanatory interview. -
“It's too early to talk of this," was all could-get .
out of him. Veep RS eas ‘Works? will shay bultts
aa 3
‘2B
shen ae
Thoneneaind
——
tae Jqurerial , ~
N.Y. Morning 1% 1399
“Qhiste mnetrefe a
‘lt Will Run ‘ by Electricity, Mill. Be. Light,. . Simple {liad it will Bink the wheels to.the hubs In’
~ Enough for a.Child, to, Manage, ‘and. Will Be Sold.
for No’ More ‘Than ‘a‘Horse-and Garriagé.*-» ~
: “TF --"As the demana tmereases.”. He continued
A’ announced exclusively: In -the Jour “and should my ‘yebicles prove the,succes
nel Inst Thursday, Thomas A. Bat J-anticlpate, Twill eltber
for thelr manufacture or
pon is at work on an automobil) $0" some bicycle concern
» whieh, he «ays, will transcend in artlitty
any machine of the sort that has yet beet
» produced. 2 eas eae eee
“ Of course, being an Edison’ prpduction gttention to the new mode
the new marvel will be run by electricity. and will lay the spooks of
‘““‘Ppough the Wizard will not-now'makt gonity that people who hare not ‘looke
publle the full plans of bis Intest\creatlot into the new vehicle worry
- -The ‘Finish of the-Horse- a i
ihe very fact that Thomas A. Ealson:} how Ce:
Retting out a horseless. vehicle will attrac
the soft roadways. The wooden ~ spoked,
wheels will bog down in the sand and the:
mud and the dust flying Into the unpre
tected benrings of the French machine will
eguse more trouble,
. ‘Another fatnl defect In Charron’s vehicle?
waa oe oe on ordinary country ‘ronda
i HU weer, ‘acs,
P Niematt weliicber made sbortiy~t97 sue
Ye: t daprlone: ofthe ~automabiie,
he dum arts '
jother.!a
anorner et THOW In usel
pulld a
out.
“facto!
1 Tigh
i news
= Theres ‘pranchtor- character -of
tractjon- for: which. athecantomonlie ‘Is, not
g for addptlon.. At: the ‘automobile,
wv. {n-. progress.-at~ the-: Tuileries;
Gardens, ‘In: Paris. there was 0; prize ‘for,
a race imong. volturettes, driven “by~ chil-:
1 ec haeth tea es a
frAny child olf enough to.drive ‘4 Shetland
: ‘pony, Is-old enough ‘to run one-of.the baby?
go much abou, ‘automobiles. and. the children, of. some ‘of;
of progressios
danger and dl:
he gave some of the detalls ofrit.te:% When Edison says nn’ automobile’ isas several of the great familles of. the canital
Journal reporter, who round him -in-blet non-explosive as & church
workshop. Sate + handle that a ten-year-old
“Sfy experiments are practically’ ¢0
pleted,"’ sald Mr. Edison, “and with
age It as Well as an enginecr,. there is-no CU Bvery: f
In:.t ionger any rengon to doubt that the roads ‘nutamobile In-America.—.An-automobile cal
ae
and so easy. to ‘of France
ehiid enn man- -the-park
run their toy-Ike ‘volturettes.. In}
very! afternoon. 2
Peers
day. sees a’ wider: spread. of - the
few weeks we Will have motor bieycles.an¢ of the ‘future belong to the horseless: ve- company” {s- organizing ..Jn - Chicane + Wh,
leseles'on the roads hereabouts. - 1 hate hicle. .
jbeen working on the motor for six-months He promises an electric
‘and It now fulfills ‘all. my ‘expectations, Bh
»
be in.the same clings with ‘mine,sand thy than a good alugle bugey
\Ynventors, avill hang thelr heads “Wwithrdig cost at ‘present. He ‘has
E
y ‘an ‘nut6-truck” company — is: alread,
runabout, such = 89; Mismia r ee em .
as a country doctor would use, for:from
wphe: French naphtha ‘machines: will: not three to four hundred dollars, hardly more
and falr horse
cut the welght
iguet when the’ one which 1s. ndvws belug of the machine down to n- figure: the. re-
{completed is placed beside those df'Erenct YOrsr, of alarming, and has
RK E. * he ad
wt a cheatin be
“my, machine I driving a gentle horse.
1 be done away; vith To use his own words:
few yenrs In every class of
earrled ‘the au-
tomatic priuciple so far that the. procega
may Of running the vebicle 1s less difficult than
eh
ds: 5 cae
~ "Phe nutomobile will. displace, horses In in
work. Our roads
ate now suitable for thelr usage. Horses
apace ea “iy «tor families are only for. the--rich,--and
excld{medsthevgreatinven When a demand comes for the automobiic
ean runs itstw hpytstb thes will be cheaper, and the “expense. of
MANY body: SAULT ta cee keeping them In order will be ‘about one.
Uae ans
1s-concerned) -Is ithat.the, motor, thet beays
leat“ part of the automobile, is-forward, im-
imedlately above the front axle. - 7
i Any farmer's-boys ‘accustomed to the ruts
land bowlders in the plke that: Icade ‘to the
hi
As ta the cost. Mr. Edlsor
fifth that of keeping a horse.
” 3
n sald'that when"
the general demand came. the ‘price of ‘a>
two-seated vehicle would be brought. down
to the cost of © good tean of horses, and
jmaorket ‘town, knows too much to: put .a that, a one-seat buggy complete, hte” enld,
‘heavy -load.in the front end of ‘his: wagon, ji
‘Speed witha “vebicle, thus-unbalanced is .1t- hundred dollars,
iterly «ou ut tl question, - und anyhody
‘trying.tow make’ A
for, a..fnll."" >
b..Gharro New York.
sich spoed ‘ax he ‘made: when‘ he ran the few York.
‘recent automobile race. from Bordeaux: to
Paris. pour. ether upset’ or knock hls Why," continued Mr.
es Ps areas of the-Automoblie, : French machine would go
With’ automobile’ cabs’ taliing’ cate! of” the
treet “Pagsencer trade, private: antomobile
ark’ drlves—for~.the “ probibition “against nice smooth roads in
aAppenrance~in’ the; Central, |
‘dolug? all. the express cand) — rondk, - y =
x
{
French Machines: Will, N
ctWinnt I know of our automobiles in that
ywould be bonght for from three: to: four
te .
nvillzot in discussing the proposed “titer.
: bares atlona ce anid ‘tothe’ Journal. that
: n-rond. talk, riding | Charron could not bring his Freuch bujlt
It-he attempted. to ridé-at any machine over the ronds from Chicago to
00. >
Elson, | ‘the
to pleces on: our
roads, or at lenst. on’ the ronds’ which
qrould have to be travelled over on ‘the
B : adurse, and the Frenchman would find thint
eatriages, thronging the : boulevards . and) his machine, which is practicable ot the
Mrance, would ft
2 only ‘®' stuclt - the mud before renching, its f cs
6 aie 38, 001Y,..2, nintion, or would be shaken to pieces
Binbase “of; the Kreat <changesand = poming in contact with the bowlders ithe
thay are built tn accordance with the-rea)
yeare ot which Mieycaee made to runs", <'s
‘Ond,of:the:big:b ad “CIE was true, up to a: few months Ag!
dering, the-t sald Edison, “that the French vehicles we
ificent © N' “ ured: Int America,
bit we are “and- have he
‘| {ay ahend of any manufact!
machine than the Frenchmen ever thought:
thine, he fins n geod one, and before -the:
yaco ‘$s: finished the Frenchman. will sind}
himself and machine stuck nthe mud;
along tho road, twhile Mr. Wiaton, » with)
his.American idens, will be speeding mer!
ily along. toward the purnal office.”- mete
Tue yenson -Cbharron’s amuchiue. ¢
en inking: wide
atrides In the advancement of ‘the .nuto-
moolles during the past six months, and to-
doy ure potiine out .o more. practicable
‘of, or ever can put out, and in the next six;
months America will be whend * of tho!
er 4 } world tn the manufacture of the machines,:
clerorstricyel q eres eA ne American engineers ard exercising thel.
R f Prank experimenting, and from present [n-.
ee contro Ae) dications 00 per cent of the horses now inj
ndvethex proposed y inter wee wil! pe replaced by tls, late ‘Invention:
At ¢ y the next year and a wait: eT
foe ee ecoblom Suprom ‘lint I read of Mr. Winton's.ma-:
compete on American - roads, haa” already
been! elaborately .set” forth In the Journo |
Inzthe. first.nince the. avelght Is so. great:
-—
[PHOTOCOPY]
PARK PLACE,
NEWYORK City
Thy "22 (9
infer, .
FonMansfeld 0 ews’
JUN 23 (899.
Core
bee “THOMAS: 4. EDISON, J!
“Of New York Chea Move O! ees
{ shelby. |: o
{Thomas A. Edison, Jr., of New York!
' Clty, dealer in and manufacturer of
{ electric Jamps, will move his general
offices to Shelby in a few days... This
; } arrangement was made yesterday by
. C, K. 3tiliwell, general manager for Mr.
Edison, who has since returned to New
York City, and will ship the ‘Ofllee
furniture, supplies and, employes ‘as
‘soon as he arrives. Rooms have been
arranged for in one of the business
‘blocks.ou. Main street, and these will
-be fitted up as soon as a formal lease
has been entered into for them.” The
offices ‘vill employ three or four people,
? and the businegs “svill largely add to the
|"importsnce of “shelby. Several Shelby
|, men are inthFested in the getting of
' Mr. Sdison'’s offices and sales depart-
! ments here, and there is no doubt but
| the enterprise is one which will prove
+ profitable to the promoters.
i. Mr. Edjson invented a new and su-
* perior electrical lamp about a year ago,
{ which was yery largely advertised by!
ihe metropolitan newspapers at the
tme, on eet of his being a 50D. of
i
;
i
H
i
t
i
Le
|
1
2 1m profiteole business has been d
i «hig? invention: , Mr. Stillwell, “thi
are for Mr. ee formerly
“From Cincin®ait, 0, - Gomni. Tribune
UL 3 1699
Special Disdatek to Commercia), ‘Tribune, i
yc ICAGO. July Riese
‘But | littic, was. Known about: them by the:
elder Edison.
+ Mr, Edlson, In, sald he had sévered his:
connections with ‘his father, to. launch j
‘himself .az an electrical inyéntor, Inde- |
pendent of the tutelage of: his father. g
‘sald when he married against his fath :
wishes he had prepared to. establish him-
‘self as his father's competitor. a es
H ““Reared in’ omy father's laboratory ana:
leducated by my father himself, i think i:
lam capable of ‘continuing the work. which
ihe, perhaps, wilt not live to finish, and, tn,
my’, “fidgment, tite man “who ‘invents must:
bo, ‘tho, originator, ‘and: not, ‘an tmitator, :
thy: father was always’ opposed to act=
ebadeb” ag Wivés; bit it
Well I think at any. rate, since his bosom"
friend, Samuel Insult, took unto himself,
‘one, he is tess annoyed at my course.'!
Misa Marle Loulse Touhey ,made ne?
debut on the stage in Chicago during.
the World's Fair, In that season she:
played in “America,” The following sea
gon she toured with Eddie Foy in “Rob{n-
son Crusoe." She" later, played in “Gay-
est’ Manhattan,” ‘Gay Corley Taland”
and “By the Sid Sea Waves.” She was
With Lillian Russell in “La Belle Hotoné
wheh the youiger fatson first and godr
afterwaids. martléd -hét,. Mr, Edison, “Jr,
‘old, Ho ‘le Préatdont | of: a “dum
eat ipaniéd,
Fatson thinks.
elie ed tothe
1699 “Sean, TA.
7 Di eiraaces
W. Y. Tribune:
JUL .8 1899
-.Youne "RDTAONS. i SIEARRTA ion
Chiengo; July 2 (Special). rhomas “AL “Edison, , en
ead the bride he married against +m ra
will are living quietly. Ini-Chtengo, Mra, Edison
wes Marie Loulso Twohoy, a (Chicago girl, who has
been an actress. Sho- owas ‘playing in “La Belle
Ticlene” when young Edison met her. Her home fs
at No, 335 North Clark-st., where the couple is
stovping with her mother.
Mr. Edison has not been reconciled to his father
since~his marriage, although friends of the ‘two
have a, ges bf sought to end the differences.-Mr.
15 fath her wil tin Uma become recon:
—_
fe
——
“Using ILis Name.
cKppitétion was made to Chancellor
Meat on behalf of Thomas A. . Edison,
the inventor, for an Injunction to restrain
Frederick M. Prescott, of Montclair, from
using the:name “Edison”. in his business
of buying: and setling phonographs: and
‘phonographic supplies. Tho inventor also
sks that the Montclair man,ho, restrained
igrams.or other mait matté
‘Mr, Edison, and that he be- mado, to ac-
gount for and pay to the inventor: the’ an
‘come and! profits which accrue
from the use of the nanc.
“The'application cites that tho. phon
graph-or:talking machine: was, the
Vention of Thomas A. Edlson, ana.
tho eccired ‘patents on it In 1878 and-later.,
tand’ that-on account of his reputation,
‘as an inventor tho uso of his name ine
creases. tho value of phonographs. and,
‘amine’ machines in the markeot..-!
; Next the Application states that in.1895.
Prescott” engaged in business of cbuyingi
‘and. selligg/phonographs and supplies, -as|
‘tu broker? but that in .1897 or early. in;
‘3890 .he ‘opened an office in the Edison’
building, 44 Broad strect, New “York, une
ider.tho namo of the “Edison Phonograph)
L Agence: !fhe charge 1s made ‘that tho
iselectton: of the Edison building and. of
:the: name) were made so that; . Prescott
imight,: Bectire possession of letters and
‘telegrams. addressed to tho Iinventor;~aiid
‘also to ‘obtain audience with, ; pereons,
sealing toisco Mr. Edison. _. v faa
i. {Tho inventor had received complalhis!
‘trom customers who stated that Prescott!
jhad received money from them,: but‘ he’
‘had failed to ship goods. Tho inventor:
‘wrote, to ‘Prescott ordering him. to .dis-;
‘continue the use of his name, and, the #p-,
plication states, Prescott replied jthat: he!
‘was:about closing up his -business: and
‘would.then discontinue the uso, of. the
iname.:- Another allegation is that early:
iin. the :present' year Prescott.jcontinued:
‘pualness under the namo “E."M: Prescott,
is ccessor; to, the - Edison Phonograph:
Agency,” and .that ‘circulars have..beeny
‘sont out by the Montclair.man {printed fii.
‘Spanish and purporting to como! from: thi
Edison: ‘Phonograph Agency. {ATES
public: by} th f
snd tha! ‘Jn' récelving;m
: ofiavelt
csigeneraliyss:
jeingithd|n name;
fepute..with? the ¢publt
_-
—-—
[PHOTOCOPY]
A ee
eg
a tes
aiee him, ‘and it is ‘not a ‘vain. mh put: to
: hag conditioned his givitigsupon
he real. trouble with : Mey di,
abey ‘the’ Jaws’ that ‘ra
be happy, and ‘it we. don’ “we' are Hable: tojf:
set. hurt,” sald Edison,- Farilling ‘Brim!
“The world -is ‘run’ Just Mke -a “great: rail
rond—only better. ‘Here ‘the system of ‘rules
is‘so perfect that:the:president can go off on’
-@ vacation ‘whenever-he- feets ‘Ike Jt and all
traing -will. run ‘along’ as “smoothly: tis‘ ever,
5] Do: syou” suppose the inteugence. in ‘char, -of tl; of op
6£..the universe, with “its.,bUlions: of fying, B fot ino lawn
So enever ching since: th: y
: Rca cara Hagry ‘began, and never will:tillthe world ‘Bhail,end.
that’ happens’ to ‘stub his* “tae oe alee of | &-. “*
* ‘Praye t
and:ou
‘to! bex
‘Fire will burn’and water: wlil flow‘ant
J RM. Like, causes,unde
nees will prod ce. ke" result
this in
iataw ‘the
‘that’:)
: Tit ta: Sell ton siti ,
“;the’ evidente ‘of-mird<
eles and ‘moral “utter”
his’ Jatora ry, tl
he Pip piled -— :
emistry” ‘undicubtediy proves the exist-
ence of-a Supreme. Intelligence. ‘No one-ca}
a
4
“Do you pelreve, ans
asked. face fie I,
vay in’ which certain elements combine wit)
‘the nicety of the most delicate machine ever
‘@evised ‘and’ not’ come‘to''tho: inevitable “con:
clusion that there 1s a’ bi “engineer who és
running this-univerge.: 3
“Why, after.
! ty Mtr, Edison that’ chemt: Ty: ‘provi b:
: +; extatence, fof. a. -suprem
e?
”,
she_ Inventor, turning -suddenly. ardund and
peering into my. face with ‘2 ‘look of sympa-
thy, and ‘sadness, ' “Are ‘you “hayppy?" ‘Well, ‘Is one’, thing’
most' people are not.: Many -are ‘alek: nearly ‘ot: sclénce ‘the: ¢
all/are ‘miserable from some trouble ther. ‘a’: B
ne the processes
ot nature, I no.more: doubt tthe, existence oF
, an. ‘Intelligence | ‘that. ts’ runnifi¢* things that
I do.the. existengo; of myzelf. ‘ake, forey-
“ample, -the substance « that, forms ft It I could solve the'riddle of this ifs, $ Gno, gli
therg; are “hurt me: ideas about'the next.? Oh; nit | ‘demonstration & “Bh
rh,’ crystals’, he: “sald meditatively, ; ‘Haid eloatng: hi
ius he! mad
y; one of “them, “of ce, Binks | ‘and’ Jeantng ‘on, "a:bench; in“the® tao
f water, “Ice, T’say, doesn't.. And it is. rather sf
icky for ‘us mortals, “for” it it }
iW [would " all, be .dead.. why ,
i meg “If tee’
JJakes.:an
It:
“used: in referetic
“dnd it ips
Valgnifical
che” mia fo sbe <a
A f de:
as shown inthe fundamental lnwa of
-cheniistry, seems to.me‘to: be go ‘strong |
as to. be beyond cpntrovers: Year .by ‘year
new" relations and affinities: toms ‘and’ele-
ments are discovered, .and ‘so +
| Bl Sots thoughts, ‘otter atin .The'ap- atts at
plication of these laws—God's ‘thoughts In.this |. = , sfacto:
connection—are producing immeasurable ben- alt view ae haturo is:gotten by him who se
efftsito man. So God's thoughts usward are.|> thereln the,hanilwork of an infinite Ante
love, ‘We galt there benefits—I.'e:; mind rules lgence, whether it’be manifest in‘the beau
‘matter only In so far as we apprehend the "lee thethaeaat the mrneenitace ties aya i
e a . 14 i
af impressed on matter iby, Its: iCrento “are: revealed to .the’ student of ‘physteal ‘se:
‘ence.' Front this viewpolnt_the. study of ‘ms
-terfal thingy has a‘dignity and‘a’ worth.sure]:
eat that ofthe: humanitles—ih!
eeil,: superior, one! ma: yclalm—a:
of the highe telilgene “thie -work
in’. imay, ‘rome “alone “by and ‘by ‘and djj-
cover Other attributes nature“teaches aboyt |.
this Being. «, But Intelligence’: is all my. rf-
search ‘has‘ revealed. .: Indeed, the ‘sclentist pt
the: future’ may make~ nature tell us as mu
about this intelligence’as the. Bi
to reveal.” 5
‘Would you not. en!
“Creator ?"": was” tes
noes it does, ena Mind
jo.you believe this’ ‘Sup
“eingineet-to-a
-Ahough, xou, ki
than "He ‘does. .-He
‘does, /He-fs tlg
from. us‘ttle, babies.
er,
pings if.
cially directed i us as ‘his ‘children: to ao it.
is. the latest: -adulter:
- the. shape’ o: coffer beat
Tres
[PHOTOCOPY]
e
Re bist
‘Chicaworg How buildings nope
se aes guna amir
ee oe
oa on 0a +e Hort,
Iie ante batine oni
:
Staorats
maior ane
Eni ae
it
iG a ees
faa er t tnol Sige phono- |
} pidposed* th phoutd’
, 8
ational |
293
‘bonization.
: LiDUBIN
fs forced by heavy pressure, He aeeyoreee
all Spéning and guided to form saift
ae desired cross section, which Tork,
ciadaee ete Sneett
attempt to. kill”
_ bullet, killed him it was a chant
ie fio ot
’
ATITHE; EDISON WORE
Bost Sneck iat
ae Sonal
Of, Ct ~deopold, |
Sor “Phonograph Avarks, “h a
Liwhat is -belleveé to-have-been a consplracy..to'"
bth works, by Mulebaeveral hundred dollars in,
»honographs,: ca) néts and other goods ‘have-
ready-been stolen.:“Yésterday two empl
;-works,- Walter Singer and James Mek cere
8 don charges of larceny.” At the’ homes® of!
* ed hn pt ther ‘a large quantity of phonograph goat
fryab <found. “Meienna was: Ischarged for Inck. of,
evidence; sand --Leopold :and Singer were held “to”
i Walt the ‘action ‘of thé Grand Jury. “Superinten
i dent’G ro {s of-the opinion that the thefts, hav,
thoantmade'on a larger scale than has yet been dis.
qWedand on investigation of the, most, searchin
be] a
ter be made. et
Sone nt
sisted tpue Mats i te
Por os
[PHOTOCOPY]
{ According to the complaint, the first
positive step was in the spring of 1893.
The complaint says that Charles-E. Ste-
i{ vens, who had previously made himself
. useful In copying for the Edison Com-
‘pany the lst of customers of a rival, the
United States Phonograph Company of
Newark, came to him and sald; | ‘’That
neither he, nor Mr. Gilmore, nor Mr. Edi-
son was sitisfled with the. manner in
which your orator was “conducting his
business, and he stated that’ he “was
about to resign his position with the Na~
tlonal Phonograph Company and to go
Into the export business in phonographs
in competition with your orator; that ‘a
large export house fn the City of New
York had offered to fit up.an office for the
sald Stevens in New York at [ts expense,
to furnish him with capital to conduct
the business, to_put him In charge of the
sald ofiice,' arfd to‘divide the profits with
dint): sald Stevens stated that
he \" Egcelve @ proposition.”
that’at that time he was
the Edison: Manu:
tur! ny, that h: slelded -t
threat and took Stevens in'ag a parti
The latter put in no money, dut recolyed, <
a salary: of $50 a week, drew out $2,881"
profits in léss than four motiths, and
took" $1,281‘as his sharo of tho
when the firm dissolved: .::
In August Prescott went to: Europe
for a threc-month trip,. Troubles. fell:
thick at once.’ When he landed ho re-
ceived’ a dispatch ‘saying’ Stevens dé-
au From the
Are
PARK PLACE.
He yoRt ay
7
4
manded a dissolution of the partnership | 2
by Septembor:1,"and ‘another: that” 1
discounts had” been: withdraw: rea} 4
‘cott hurried” back, ehed.. i
‘September 2> and_ thi partnership wast,
Alssolved. immediatel: i .°
I
a
could. net use the nama f
rap gency, 5!
rates £0; i
KJ
aS
ng my fa
“attention to. the fact that people who y
‘sentshim moneys.had?recelved nothing. b
fn, return, for thems": ‘a
Td" oes bm pe
sy crange, Ne of. that “company} “etree ere)
tl: Company, ’. Twenty-sixth’
ii “quote the'c mplaint, | “offered to sell your
Broadways,. ‘New York.
* Prescott says that Af, ‘
vestigated the matter’ and’ refused: to:
ur. orator to: cease buying phond- turn over his letters to Mr.” Edison’s
the. United States Phonograph; , |.company. The’ complaint closés with‘ a
and to biy. of the, Natlonal! Prayer, for an: injunction directed‘; ‘to
hy Compiny; that your orator Thomas A. Edison, yWwitliam -B, Gilmore,’
- buying” about $5,000 worth: of the National Phonograph’ Company and
pha monthly of...the}- United Charles E," Stevens,’ restraining’ them
2 Sti es Phendgraph Company, .and that “from “using or availing themselves “of
a to: the- interest of the National any Information’ obtained by. the satd
2 : Company and the- Edison Charles E, Stevens while jn Partnership
graph Works to secure, your ora- ;with, your orator, and’ frong:‘ysing-. In.
for. tt jany way the lists of customérs of your
orator,: ‘secretly,. made:* by. the. sald
iCharles E. Stevens in violation of good
faith, or. from | using and availing them-|.
selves in anyway -of Information sur-
reptitiously obtained _by them? or trom
circulating among" yotr orat
‘ers, or among the trade: reports, derog=.
atory. to the credit. and’ financial‘or
By pes “standing: of ¥< taenien
Y a gotting up anlexclus! ve. Tig.
nd Became cs of:. genuine : Edlson*” phor grays; "ay
from selling |
violation of!) any? re
made by the’sald defendants; f iny,¢
| them, and from conducting business. tin- |.
der. the. name’ of: ‘Ealson’s- Phonograph
; Agency,’ or any other. namo similar. to”
the “name”, ‘Edison's: :- Phonograph
Agency,’ and Calculated to mislead: and
from diverting mail matter Intended for
your;orator, and from interfering in‘any
way with your orator's, business: and
with his purchases of Edison's phono-
graphs in the market and the supplying
of the same to als customers. 2
forator at fower' prices than any. other
“customer, so that It was. to the interest
Som wom aret on FY;
eral. discounts allowed to him,
scott says that hie ral
tensive foreign’ trad
on ‘of the largest Sustomers i the Edl-
s
Thomas A. Edison, when asked about
this sult. yesterday, sald: ‘We have
asked for an !njunction to, restrain: Mr.
Prescott from using my name. Because
we brought this suit, he has instituted
the proceedings in the Chancery a
af is only, a bluff sult.’ ..” 3
[PHOTOCOPY]
| BA, zaibl6 i Uiaae
“I
ving ae hs bead
1 WEL sis,
ow afforded. : Full. particulars on page Ia.
: Y :
t
“|
3 ’ HEN TOR BRINGS a
IN JERSE CoURT*ro RECOVER <
{ DAMAGES,
{ ° Fredrick M. Prescott, formerly head “of!
» the Edigon Phonogr raph Agency, 44 Broad:
i Street, has brought™suit in Chancery in j
Le Jersey against Thomas A. Edison, .
the National Phonograph Company, Wil- :
| liam E. Gilmore, Charles E. Stevens, and
; others, for.a “conspiracy to destroy” his;
- business. ‘The complaint takes the fol-°
i lowing: allegations:
“In' 1894 Prescott bégan selling phono- |
jerepne for. export... His business grew ¢
!rapidly, and in the Autumn of 1897, |
| Wittiam E. Gilmore, general manager of |
ithe Edison Phonograph Works at. West }
Orange, N. J., solicited him -to’ ‘purchase i
! phonographs: of” that. company, and, to:
i quote, the complaint, :‘* offered to sell’ your |
.orator’at lower prices than any other cus-"|
‘tomer, so that it was to the interest of your
orator to cease buying phonographs of the
i United States Phonograph Company, and
‘to buy of the National Phonograph Com-
pany; that your orator was then buying
about five thousand dollar's worth of phono-
| graphs monthly of the United States
Phonograph Company, and that it was to |
| the interest of the National Phonograph:
Company and the Edison Phonograph
: Works to secure your orator’s trade; for the
‘teason that they would thereby increase
‘ their sir trade, inasmuch as the machines sold
to? your orator were by him ressold in foreign
; ‘countries, where’ithe Edison Phonograph
\ Works.and the: ‘National Phonograph Com-:
pany could: pot lawfully sell;phonographs. ’ ‘|
With: liBeraldiscounts” ‘allowed to him,
_ Prescott says s that he rapidly worked up an
extensive foreign trade, and became one of
the largest customers of the Edison Com-
pany. ‘This success led, he says, to the
. conspiracy to force him out of business so
that the profits might be diverted to the
National Phonograph Company.
According to the complaint, the first
. positive step was in the Spring of 1898. |
The complaint says that Charles E. Stevens, !
who ‘had previously made himself useful:
in copying for the Edison Company the list |
of customers of a rival, the United States '
Phonograph Company of Newark, came to,
'“him‘and, said: ‘That neither he nor Mr:
. Gilmore: nor Mr. Edison-.was satisfied-with’
‘the manner in which your orator was con-
2 ducting his business, and he stated that he :
: ewas about ready to resign his position with ‘
‘the!National Phonograph Company and to |
go:into the export business in phonographs :
in’ competition with your: orator; that a
large | export house in the ‘City of New
ork had offered to fit - ‘up an office for the
said’ Stevens in’ “New York at its expense,
furnish him-with capital to conduct the.
uusiness, to put him.in-chargeof. the said—
“office, and to divide the profits with iim;
} that the said Stevens stated that he was
ready to receive a proposition.”
fs
Prescott says that at that time he was
'-so dependent on the Edison Manufactur-
ing Company that he yielded to the threat
} and took: Stevens in as a partner. ‘The
*Jatter put-in no money, but received a
-salary of $50’ a week, drew out $2,881
"profits in less than four months, und took
'.$1,281 as his share of the assets when the
..firm dissolved,
*’ In August, Prescott went to Europe for
a three months’ trip. Troubles fell thick
‘at once. When he landed he received a
t dispatch saying Stevens demanded a dis-
t: ;solution of the partnership by Sept. 1, and
i another that all discounts had been with- _
drawn. Prescott hurried back, reached
New York Sept. 2, and the partnership
“was dissolved immediately. While he was
ee cena EMS
t
{
i
’
customers,
Later Gilmore notified him. that lie could :
not .use:‘the* name “Edison Phonograph
Agency," and Mr. Edison wrote a letter to
: Postmaster Van Cott in which he said:
: “T have recently received some letters
, ! from foreign countries calling my attention
to the fact that people who sent him mon-
1 eys had received nothing in return for
' them, and one of the parties who has writ-
ten me advised that he had written the
Chief of Police of New York City to look
into the matter. I consider that the young
man is using the mails to further his own
ends and to hurt my very good reputation.
4 sears
| away, he alleges, : ‘Stevens copied his list of
I would like to know from you if it is not,
possible for you to arrange to divert all
mail addressed to the ‘Edison Phonograph
Agency,' New York, to the company who
has the right from me to handle the phono-
graph business; this company is the Na-
tional Phonograph Company, ‘I'wenty-
sixth street and Broadway, New York.”
Prescott says that Mr. Van Cott investi-
- gated the matter and refused to turn over :
| his letters to Mr. Edison’s company. The
‘complaint closes with a prayer for an in-
‘junction directed to Thomas A. Edison,
William E. Gilmore, the National Phono-
graph Company, and Charles E. Stevens,
restraining them ‘from using or availing
themselves of any information obtained by
: the said Charles E. Stevens while in part-
nership with your orator, and from using
in any way, the lists of customers of your
orator, secretly made by the said Charles E.
. Stevens in violation of good faith or from
Pee meas, anes Ber eareret
ob.
_and from diverting mail matter intended
‘for your orator, and from interfering in
[PHOTOCOPY]
s ee owt ud
Dery Ps Raa 70
using and ayailin themselves in any wa;
z 3 a
of inforaa ion fi
ae +
them, Or-from cif
“ETERS Ste
ly obtaine!
be
tor’s customers,
gee
.
erode.
business standing of your orator, and fror,
setting up an exclusive right to the sale o
genuine Edison phonographsimdtdm fell
ing phonographs for export in violation 0:
any contracts heretofore made by the said|
defeidants, or any of them, and from con-
ducting business under the name of ‘Edi-
son's ’Phonograph Agency,’ or any other
name similar to the name ‘Edison's Phono-
graph Agency,’ and calculated to mislead;
any way with your orator’s business and
with his purchases of Edison’s phonographs
in the market and the supplying of the,
same to his customers.” mN Btcae nent ook
“Thomas A, Edison, when asked about:
is.guit yesterday, said: ‘We, nave-asker.
for aninjunetion to restrain "Mr. Prescott ;
from using my name. Because we brought |
this suit, he has instituted the proceedings’
‘in the Chancery Court.” It is only a bluff ;
|
suit.” . ee:
: oS
— =—_
SANDS TO GIVE UP THEIR COLD.
ee
Thomas A Edison Invents a Process
ThaP"PFomises Fabulous Results.
a
Elght Hundred -Milllons of Dollars to Be Taken:
- From New Mexico's Waste Land.
[Special Telegram.]
« NEw York, Sept. 10.—“This ig certainly
the biggest thing I ever Invented—this elec-
tric process for extracting gold from sand-
Near Santa Fe, N. M., thera is a region of’
200 square miles containing gold worth
$800,000,000 that would have remained there
had this process not been discovered. That
;Bold will now be taken out and added to
the world's supply. There are large deposits
‘elsewhere that the process will also make
available," :
» Tals is what UTE esas today
‘as he gave part! or his Javention and °
of the practical uses to which he Droposed
to putt 2 a. as
Hidden -in the. waste Iands of the south
“nre tong upon tons of gold. Up to the pres-,
‘ent time’ this gold has had no value to.
man. Mines could not be worked In that!
region’ without water, and the cost of get-
ting $100 worth of gold from this land by.
former. methods would have exceeded the
value of the metal, The machinery which
Edleon has devised has been completed and
ts ready for. shipment to Santa Fe, where:
i it will be erected und started. It is boxed
‘Up at the Edison works at Orange and sur-
rounded by every safeguard. a
. Work to Hegin at Once.
: "I am the patentee of the process," sald
,the inventor today, “but my only interest:
‘in the corporation, which js called the,Cates-:
tro Company, {s my employment as {ts ex-
pert.’ I expect to go to New Mexlco:with:;
jthe machinery and to euperintend the: con- j
(Struction of the plant. We shall begin work:
yat once. At the start we shall produce $10,=";
000. worth, of gold every day. ‘There is $800,-7
000,000‘ worth ‘of {t there. ' "The electric: maj
chinery-will take It directly trom the’sand:}
i We-shall handle Jt.all on the spot and. mere-!
Iy-phip‘the. pure gold.“ My process hasiwoly ed
the ‘problem of gotd. mining -without fwater's
Xt has-been tested ind found to fillall-re-3
quiremént.s The gold ore In some Places. ts!
not-more. than three feet below the surface;
und it extends downward In some localities:
{for 100 feet: before bed rock is reached.” {
}. Mr. Edigon's system of gold extraction by;
jelectricity 1s somewhat stmilar to that which.
‘ho uses at Edson, N. J., in getting iron from;
iver .ore by magnetism. Changes were ;
imeeded’in the fron extracting machinery to:,
make. It npplleable to gold are, and {t was:
tho-making of these changes which caused :
the long delay in completing the process, : ~
< Method of Wandlng Ore,
; At these ‘Iron mines the Inventor utilizes
& grade.of ore #0 low that it was looked:
upon ‘as valueless.” Icnormous crushers :;
seize upon pleces of rock sometimes weigh-
Ing..a8.much as five tons each ‘and crush!
{hem ag easlly' as'a man-can crush an.egg:
shcH.. Then’ by passing tho material through
a Keries ‘of crushers it is reduced: to a: pow-
der.» The crushed material is made to fall in if
a thin shower in front. of a serles of mag- :.
|
1899 "OuThitteng ~ Ort here”
nets, ‘The metallle particles are deflected by tia BN rae
the magnets into a receptacle provided for- iCinelarati be :
them,. while the sand goes Into another. H Hac, Fast
There are three series of mugnets, twelve- “35
ireh, etght-Inch and four-inch, and the ty
crushed ore falls: In front of ench kind of
magnet Jn succession. When it has passed
through the entire process the resulting ma-
terlal carries u percentage of 69 per cent-of
wt would not think of setting up a big
plant to work an ordinary vein of gold,’
sald Mr. Edison. “Even a belt 100 feet wide, -
forty feet deep and half a mile long would
not pay ma. I want deposits two miles long
and 600 feet wide, I have figured out a small
profit In a gold ore that assays as low as
$1.35 per ton. Ore of as low a grade as that
could not be mined profitably by any exist-
ing process except mine."" ae :
Mr. Edison estimates the cost of erecting
one of his plants at $1,000,000. - :
g digon ‘Wilt ‘Treat . Gotd
Neely Purchased i :
~ i
entember 7—In ‘the
fexico “Mining:
we sAgN:
< asd
can
_ RWS o aoe ‘ai grant 15,025 acres were ‘80
xan
: original e sto fhe.
1 and‘ Iron :Co.,. leaving’ 54,000,
oe i eer Airis grant as! ‘now eaetitetern
Bmauel-H. Elkins was appointed receiver
of}-th .
ROR GOLD.
eee “HUNTING
‘ rant May 15,~1! Every ‘claim;
against .the.company has been. patd ‘and,
jmany. improvements made. ‘> Mr.E Ds!
iturned“the property: over. to’.87G- Burns
who takes charge of the grant.in the: ¢
: ies erest:of Thomas A. Edlson,. who. s -pu
pina Discovered an New Process, Which: ohne of: the: roperty. for jconiiaareds
tiwhich he jwil
“He Will Try 1a Hitherto Unpronte rge:yeduetion: plant_at:1
le Will Try in Hitherto Unpro: iteeatsttig gold Strom tha 0: tz ‘mil
able Fields in New Mexteo, C6 i.
pias p 7 v fv, is
Sig! s ad *. Aripune:
3 ie < : :
pThomag AwEdison believes he has dis-: mr
covered. a succes i concentrating and} ROT : 1899.
fae, ting “process =for.- extracting. gol
‘rom low grade ore and . from - ‘grave
‘This explains the recent Announcemen
rom:Santn Fe that Mr, Edison lias pu
:chased ‘the Dig Ortiz land Brant for: :
YU, r < ut IT Bete’
ba 5 i AIOE: a
SERS Wet contain Sth aoe, nd gags AME alte Moncan an are
fautempts hitherto to extract It have not: Hepreentins the iS aes te Ge ae -
proven prdiitable.. The scarcity of water. © ‘Thomas A, ested and ‘whic
in‘ that section has also been an obstacle: ,Pought the: controlling interest in ‘tho Ortis ‘grant,
{n'the*way of success, . ce jouthern Santa Fe County, for $3,000,000, wil) leave
“¢Firat,of ail, it is stated,.Mr, Edison's :Dolores to-morrow’ for New-York, where the- pure
new process Cin ina tes ae fe of: water,’ ‘chasers live. He will return in October with a com.
whe basis of his ee pflectrictty,; ‘plete. corps of office assistants, engineers, and me-
eved, wtifes « i
gold, automatically, There has apparente- -Ohanics ‘for tho purpose of beginning active opera
- =| tons “‘upon'- the yauriferous deposits, To guard
Go for’ the purchase. of the Inet weene.“aeelnet any ernie in mechanical: construction, ‘a
and‘ the additional money necessary, for, ‘small‘plant only will be bulit on the return ‘of-Mr.
the installation of the machinery,.°" + sBu «With ®& capacity for handling one thousand
“As-tq the details of his process:: Atr2 “tons, of eartha-day, -° . - ae
Edison} will not talk, “When asked if it ‘SIt-$8' Intended, howover, to’ build tater-a plant to
Jon ord eie nee ee 2 eee a | handle twenty-five or more tons daily, and this
sald:'4- cent ae TAY bo congtructe® without trying the work‘on'a
2. “Any: one knows that a-magn willl “smaller scale, if the test to be made.on}a,.few
Not-attract gold.” Re oa ee: “4 }-moré carloads‘of earth to be shipped at once proves
) He'has, It fs “sald,:. several tents | satisfactory. The first work to be dono will: be to
‘Pending on-his gold ‘extracting miichi sink ‘fifty shafts to. bedrock, which. rang :
twenty fect ‘to elghty-five feet in depth, ‘all’ the
earth above being gold ‘bearing. The output: trom
sinking the shafts will’be first treated’ by the ‘ex:
“perimental plant, and/in: this manrier wii!’ b “deter-
vmined- which ground is ‘the -richest, a th
“Will ‘be scattered over the grant in order |
“practical tests as to the extont and focatlo:
‘most profitable portions, ~~, *
E-Blectricity-is. not-to-be-an~ agent? In.
1a. from thé other material,‘as popularly ‘sup:
Dut. {t-WIll.{be'satr, alghough:'th :
the -plant.-will_be electricity. and
rything. ready, for another, force ‘todo
jeparations ‘which electricity ‘cannot.s S33:
‘from
jery..*The machinery. that Js to be
ytallediat Ortiz is belng constructe
'west/ Orange. Patt of the plant hi
ady been ‘shipped to New Mexicd,
'4-Metallurgists—have. ihe
=
: “es Ueig’ pears
“Mr, Edisoh has done ttle for two y ‘
balie perfecting id gold brintontigs Bee
cretly did the work proceed ‘tha a into
a “epneerning --what;-he~ was
feeked. out” until Mr. Edison announced the.
completion of his eet god’
“Mri: Edison’s system 5 . ext :
wa iectrielty is somewhat 1 atmilas acer
ich he uses et Edison, N. J. iny ing |
jean trons river ore—by ‘magnetism ae ne
"i> the handling of the {Bold Po oughed ak
‘tits: est.-process conels ugh yin:
: fe his lant larger ore. crushers jure:
‘required.. There are three sets of magnets--
liyvelye-inch; elght-inch and: four-in
be qrushed ore. fallszin_ front. of. ei!
olores; -New : Mex! ¥
-the inventive - genius,
prec
on; ant thesaan!
ze
for:
‘lions in Gold Will Be Taken:
H
:
e'Says @hat Eight Hundred. Mil- |
Out by Electricity as
{
fy
!
Used by Him. tet -
oe
i
NYT Gace
4 ‘NY. COMMERCIAL rusting
"REPUBLIC SPECIAL. oe . : ane with
+ New York, ‘Sépt. 10.—Hidden In the waste‘ Sei fe 3 sineers
ilands of the Southygst are tons upon tons esr ed | losy ¢ ,<and
:of gold, Up to 3 present time thls gold -
hus had no y¥afie to: mun, Mines -could -
| not be worked in that region without wa- :
ter, and the cost of getting one: dollar's ©
» Worth of gold from this land by: former ;
:Methods would have exceeded the value of
ithe metal, ey ee eo
* Thomus A, Edison, however, comes to-the*
WILL’ TREAT ORES “BY
“1. THE: EDISON. PROCESS, .
Lo: Mon Compuny “Will operate. Not
iby Li M.- Lawson ‘of New York:and?
New. |Mexico :Mining-;company,=a
: 4 : hag amounts, practically,
ifront “now with un electrical apparatus |. Only in England but “Also in the Tora inta of the erant property. tho che
- which promises to clear up the problein ‘Mransvanul, Where Gold : Will ‘Be the bulk of the: money: involved;.wil,
of how to xet this valuable ore from -the i citknoted ta : be'pald’ unt!) a few ‘squatters wh
“sands: of New Mexico, and other Sonth-- aaa em 3 Cake hold:claims on ‘the’ grant are jaust
‘western States und Territories. Speaking’ lal'to New York Commercial, =| |. : settled with, and ‘this:may. requir
to-duy ‘of his Invention, Mr. Edison, satd:: {f ington, Sept, 20.—John Lawrence,’ of” years’ ‘tlme, ‘Under: the ‘lease Perry?
ingnnlg, certainly {gy the biggest thing I ever. solider, the chairman of the Linotype Co, of! lhimself to diligently explore-ang qi
vented, thiay process for extracting gold’ |’snglatid and managing. director of ‘the new’ t ty-and one. of.the
-from sand, Neur Santa Fe, N. M.,. there ¥ jtne ron te
‘Westinghouse Co, of Engian®:.who came‘over to!
seb. the International yacht races, has been see-
ing the sights of Washington for the*past fow:
days. : ‘
In addition to the Interests mentioned, Mr.
Lawrence is a lurgo stockholder In o number of;
other enterprises, many of them with an Ameri-
can foundation, Among tho latter Is the Eng-
Nsh company which has purchased tho tights
to the Edison process of extracting ores, known
ag the Edison Ore Milling Syndicate. This com-
pany Is composed of 26 {ronmasters and capital-,
Iats of England, and it sproposes not only to,
utlllze Mr. Edison's inventions in the extraction
of iron ore, but to turn It towards the extrac-
tion of gold ore for application {n the ‘Transvaal.’
Mr. Lawrence will visit Mr, Edlson at Orange
on Wednesday and go aver his works where he
conducts his experlments. Ho wilt then visit
-Pittaburg to seo the WestInghouso works, a re-
pica of which will be constructed by the 3nglish
company on 40 acres ‘of ground near Man-
cheater, England, which have been ‘purchased,
“Our company,” said Mr, Lawrence to-night,
“Inteneds to erect In England a series-of shops
which ‘will be capuble.of turning out; engines,
dynamoz and elettric plants cqual to: anything
produced in America, England is far in the rear
ia @ region‘ of 10 square miles, containing
“old worth $800,000,000; thut wonld huve ree
"mained there had this procesa not been gle.
j; covered, 4 : eae
“That gold will now be taken ,out’ and
added: to the world’s supply, © ‘There ‘are
large. gold deposits elsewhere: that
process also will make uvuilable. ; i
: “Iam the patentee of the process, but/my-
only -interest-in the corporation, which is
to work the gold out of the sand, which js.
called the ‘Calestro Company,’ is my .em-!
<Ployment ag its expert. I expect. to’ go: to!
“New Mexico with the machinery and to:
;8uperintend the ‘construction of. the:-plant:
‘We shall begin: work almost at sonce, |
tMAt the start we shall produce! $10,000
‘worth of gold every day. There is $800,000, -*
000. worth of it there. The electric. ma-
schinery' will take it directly from the siti
Where will, be no transportation. of the:or +
We\'shall handle it all on the spot.‘and:
merely. ship the pure gold. - >:
~"My—process has solved the problem
‘gold’: mining without:-water,—It_ haa: been!
tested and found. to: fulfill all requirements: |
The: gold ore'in some*places: is‘ not: more. of nations in the use of electricity, We confess
than. three-feet below the’ surfacd,‘ and “it, and Geteiye beon passed by America, France
extends downward ‘in gome . locallties!; for; “We ‘believe there is n-great oponing:in-Eng-
jand for. tho use of electricity; the: application
of it to electric Ighting, to clectria power, to
the construction of al! forms ‘of electrical aj a
vances. We have formed a company, with. i =:
500,000 capital, which was, by the way, largel;
oversubscribed, to manufacture In England ail:
fie machinery. which, now comes from‘the: United
lates,’ eee ets ek Seg oh :
*~. “English | mantfacturers~and! English’
imen ore backward’: about taking ‘hold of ~1
proved : machinery. i
to’ accept labor
every instan:
:bonent.’”.
100 feat, before. bed ‘rack /ia-fotind:"
[PHOTOCOPY]
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885.
No
Por
From the
jontlPats
PARK PLACE
Nev yORK iy
eros 0
bec
TERR Le vertiser
S4P 0% [gs |,
EDISON.
ve Re
Caught? Carrying Away |
jad Secreted in -
( saw'a man io tng abay : x
‘in| the Lakeside avenue entrance: ‘of. the.
de works and acting spiciously. “Keeping
eg, [Out of ae ages! + Busold watched the!
‘}man, and ily suw him draw. a pack-! i
age through the fence and walk away ! H
toward Valley road. Busold followed the;
men and arrested him. st
‘At the police station the prisoner ga
P-lhis name as Charles Leopold, of New-
(atk, and his package turned ‘out to be
a phonograph cabinet, which he had taken i
from tho assembly room, where ha Was;
employed before quitting time and hid: }
"}den In a fence corner until the Sround
n-/ would be clear for him to carry it away,
&,| He confessed the robbery, and this morn-
{e-ling Willlam G. Gilmore, manager of the
‘e-| works, made a charge against Leopold,
10 {Judge Condit held him for the Grand Jur,
——— ee
ir LOCAL SEOURITIE
— oe
The appended ist of quotations on the
in| active local securities is furnished daily
In|to the ADVERTISER by George P. Healy,
sdjdenler. in local gas, electric and street |
n. | railway securities, 773 Broad street:
"tCoannalldnted Trnatian A=
nes geccesensete
Gincinnati,0.South West
Gul &.. babs
af lnventar Puge inken'te the Asylum. ,
To.epo, O., Oct. &+Thomas- Page,
‘aged 67 years, was committed to the:
dteane asylum. Page at offe time wast
fa great inventor, and invented a hand
‘sewing machine that netted hin §300,-
1000. Page vw, n intimate friend of
ET hom fison, and -the | former's
‘bre narried to Edison's, sister
Page was.captured at’ Milan,O., néa
tog house in which Rdison was bora,
—-—
Thonn Cratan Arrives
“ dike With Part: of Alaska's
* ee cr BExhibi a
pia man walking down Fifth avenue ‘witht
five large dogs chained to him attracted -tha
yattention of downtown pedestrians early.
jthis marning. To the Chicagoan™the sight
jcalled, up memories of .the world’s fair.and
\Vistons of the Jskimo village on the Midway
floated before tho mind's eye, for the-dogs
wwere Alaskan Huskies, fresh from the Kion
‘dike country, sett este,
{Thomas Cranan of the Klondike Expost:
jon Company, the man :in’ charge’ of sth
‘dogs, which. are husky in -nature, as*wel
‘as name, arrived.in Chleago over tha-Ni th
OF
Ry
‘western this: morning: direct, from D:
via. -Benttle.. He. wes2accompanicd
ik; <Bonine of :the . laboratory,
fYork. city, who las’ been in Alaska
dng-Kinatescapo' views of: the count:
}
\SF94
“y , p; _{ a
—-—
Mewark,NJ.- Wkly, Call
turn: of the. Edison Expedition,
ni Exhibition Company Formod. ;
sition Next Year—Im-—
- proved Kinetoscope.’ . -
_ Machinery. * .
| homus A aBateortha great electrical? |
wizard, ust jcomed back.from the: |
Klondike the party which: he sent’ out!
barly. this year to obtain kinetoscopic!
pictures: of the famous Klondike’ region.
Theltrip was a great’ success, the filma!
haying been developed lJast week in the;
laboratory on Valley road, West Orange:
vBoér the development of this scheme sa!
newj company: was organized which is’
Btyled the .“Klondilo Exposition -Com-
pany,” the primary. object of which was
to-obtain. moving pictures ‘of. life ‘In: the]
Klondike for exhibition at the great Paris
xposition of 1900, Spee a bee oe ass?
“Mr. Edison: is largely intesested in. the:
compuny, and has invented special ma-’
ehinéry, which was used in the trip. The}
heads of the party were Thomas ‘Crahan!
and-R 1s. Bonine, the latter the personal:
Yepresentative of Mr. Edison. The party}
Heft for the famous gold fields In the carly,
ipartiof£ last June, Mr. Bonine had made’
‘a.trip to the Klondike the previous year,
@sgan ndvance agent.to study the country;
‘and slay out the most ‘feasiblo and af-
ltective route for‘the party to take, Mrs
Bonine.and his party have just returned,
home, their efforts having been. crowned
ywithicomplete success, The party. has ob-:
tained moving. and statfonary ~ pictures
from Skaguay on the Alaska “const. ‘to
'Dawson in the. Yukon territory,. and:
jthence south into the famous gold ficlds
which have made the Ktondike a -houdey;
hold‘word, These pictures illustrate the
old and new methods of-getting into’ the
country, beginning with the transporta,!
tion methods as originally known by;pack-
ing.gn the backs of Indians, on horses,
on’ mule back, ‘and by hauling: witht.do4
tenms ond goat: teams, ‘These ard con:
trasted with’ the new. methods of, the,
railrond trains onetho White .Pass“and!
Yukon Railway; and - interesting ‘scenic,
points are noted: from Lake Bennett, the:
Ineadwvaters of the Yukon river, along thé,
course of the stream, showing the steamer,
trazisportation to-.the landing at Miles
Canyon, the transportation by the horad,
‘tramway. around the White Horse Rapids;
fand:the lower rivor with,tho boats plying)
fon'it), Nearly all the pictures obtained are;
motion ones, a few: stationary” pletusen)
ifelshn: tho- various mounted® p dpa!
nd:tho: various’ stations. °'. <> mag
he‘ gold fields the ‘views taken !lus-
the. peoullar: methods‘ of . mining,
mjthe thawing of. the ground by, huge
bonfires; ‘the washing’ out ‘of, tho: virgin
Bld sfrom ‘the gold-bedring gravel, re
feat’ below. tho surface, and the final pick-)
ing of the gold on pack trains for. Dawson.
'Mr!Crahan -has a fine’ sample: of ;the!
gold‘from tho Klondike fields, which, ling
{to the usual belfof, ts not .in fine
or dust, but in small nuggets, vary-
ing'in sizo from. bird seed to.a good sized,
cheatnut;: A*pecullarity of each of these
fa2that they. show islgns-of fusion from!
heat, and of subscquent abraston!
m'-the disintegration: of’ the quar!
f
D
1897
stospactors onthe: ground is that. the
soareh will:prove futile, it being the bollef;
that these quartz veins were originally;
‘near the summits of the mountains, and:
ithat the disintegration and wearing away:
‘of cycles. of yenrs-has, destroyed, them,’
Nerving thelr riches only {n the’ beds of:
sgravel where they now are found. : §, ”
i. It had been the intention of the company,
r ‘put this series of moving pictures ‘on,
to é
Iviem first at the Paris Exposition noxt,
0!
igpring, but it has just been decided: |
jplace them on exhibition at once. Com-:
the. subject, {lustrated by these film:
!Phey will cover the entire field of life in:
>the. Klondike, These pictures are taken:
with the newly perfected giant ktneto-:
‘scope, in which the pictures taken are,
Lnearly nine times the size of.those in the:
vordinary machine. Up to‘this time the,
“kinetoscope pictures on -tho' films have:
Deen three-quarters of an inch high by:
‘one‘inich wide. The new pictures are two:
{nches high and three inches wide. To;
produce these pictures it has been neces-:
sary to reduce the speed of the machine,‘
and, whereas the old style pictures wers;
taken at tho rate of forty-five a secon
theinew ones are taken at the rate of:
twenty a second. A great gain has thus
been secured In clearness of definition, as.
well as affording much greater scope for
Fooloring the films. + Pia an
“Mr,-Bonine and Mr: Crahan expect to.
to ‘the Paris Exposition with these
Ftractions in March. - v osial
‘she party brought back with them. a:
team of six “Husklés,” or Alaskan dogs.’
These are the same as were used by
Peary in his Arctic explorations. They;
are a,cross. between the: wolf and ‘tho!
Spitz.dog, and are hardy and ‘tough.:
‘They are as a rule good-natured and of an:
affectionate disposition to those that.they!
know, although -strangcra do not find it:
easy to make friends with them. : The;
‘party.also, brought:back.with them a large;
collation: of. curios; illustrative of the life, |
uBto d}mannora of the:Alaskan na~
ae irc areas
FO jeton Parks 4
~ News York?2will 4 ‘at free
talk pat fF te or tore thes ‘oung
Bootety of the Washington Baptlat Church ;Pust-
day: evenings ot dt . * PRS
1ethas practically been decide by. oongre.
> - Con, jonal
tho: Orange Nolley 0! A eds
gation ‘0:
‘Chureh to exten @ call tothe
(den; 1 of* Greenville, ‘Mich... to
Charles A.’ Savage, deccaa
has .been mpen :
returned home," 3" - rer
4 congrogation -ot. the- Park Avenuo elhiod’ 2
plasepal Church; of ‘Esst: Orange, - has: decided
to ask the neéxt conferen: rond as pagor UDd:
Rey. imalph TD, Urmy,:now od at. Mexdhi
Mri-Urm:
gy - was-untl) two yea!
Banford Street, Church: én “Bi
NAViliani . Konnedy.- Lat
‘who. has, been “in.
for; the
" Neri Petter -Aensral”
N.Y Mail 2 Express.
“ger. 1889.
pana oof eden’ Munee.>
Tire pletnres taken by. ‘Tho: !
{the Dewey. celebration will be shown ex-
Ively at the Eden Musee during jthe
fig week, ‘These pieturcs Include views
{@
;elus!
com ¢
‘ot. Aslmiral . Dewey -on the Olympia, ‘the
naval parade and the land parade. In addi-
‘tion, moving. pletures: of the yacht races,
‘aken: by the Edison Compuny, will) be
‘shown. Theag.. moving pictures, will bd
‘shown every hour during-the afternoon and
‘evening, and will’ be alternated. with. the
festebrated mysterious pictures which have
‘gauged: so much wonderment. ‘The outside
decorations of the Musee were greatly. ad;
haired -by the thousands who passed by. the
‘puilding: last. week, and are stilt attracting
‘attention, The deck of a battleship is t
‘effectively presented, with the. big: 1s
, from the portholes, represented: by:
ie, buildin
Gee
THOR PICTURES FOR PARIS
Badaon Developing Largest: Continneus
“Fils Ever Taken, 2° °°:
Tad
at + -Bpecial to The Preas, i
{ ORANGE, N.'J., Oct. £9.—Workmen are:
busy in..the Edison laboratory,‘ in West,
Orange, developing the most unique collec:
tion of moving ‘picture films. ever yat ex-;
hibited.: Tho: pictures ‘were brought’ back:
by. 2 party of photographers who were sent:
to tho Kiondyke by tha Edison Company,
‘andrare intended to be part of the Edison;
‘exhibit in the Paris Exposition. thee
{All of- the films which so far have been
‘developed are successes, and the ‘entire.
sories will exhibit the actual life in the
}Klondyke regions a3-it has never ‘before
ibeen filustrated. Pr
RK. Bonino, Mr. Edison’s personal °P
resontative, and Thomas Crahan were ‘tho
heads of the photographing party, which,
started for tho Klondyke in June, 1898,:. Mr.’
Bonine previously had visited. the region,
and, was in chargo of the route ‘and/aelec-*
tion: of. scenes to bo photogrnplied. Among{
‘tho: films are. scenes ‘in. the Klondyke/a
along the route between Skaguay, on.tho
Alaska coast.to: Dawson. . They also;show!
views of mining and washing. o! gold. 5
“The pictures wero taken with a new.
machine arranged: by Mr. Edison. forithe
‘trip. 4 It took pictures nine es: tha ysixe
ofctho ordinary :fllm:.pictures.’: ‘To. usp$t
largeranim= itp p nee’
——
met
“Near N.C Aarti
Brought by Inventor to Pre
Sgae of It May Be, Des
elded Adyetnely, F
itt
TTepegial Dispatch to » the Dat
“RENTON, “Oct
Pinay yesterday. heard “the “argument.
‘counsel, ‘In the suit brought: by Tho
‘Ag {Edison against Fred, M,,2t08
wwhich-Mr. “Edison: @ restTa.
‘Presgott,.from rec alvin:
1078 2" Fadinuno8 = £60 3
‘higiness, ’-
‘Agency, +
P janurraph Agenev. 00 ol os oe ef
4 Tha Vice-Chancellor didnot. render,.any,
decision yesterday, but he expressed ‘hims
self OS strongly of the. opinion that: Mr:
Edison: could not maintain “his suit. ¢ Mr.
‘Edison wus: reprosented :in the argument,
iby. Howard WW. Hayes, and Mr. Pres;
cott by. Francis J. Swayze. : Ce
_ vutg, We argument counsel brow; ht,
‘out the fact that for a number: of !years;
att had *been in business: selling:
speaking machines of various. kinds,: and.
‘that; ‘afterward he had entered inta+,a
partnership with C. B, Stevens under. the.
name of “The Eidison Phonograph. ene
cy"; This name was assumed with, tho!
assent of Mr, Jdlson and the National:
Phonograph Company, which 1s the man-.
‘ufacturer of the Edison phonograph:
Lately Stevens and Prescott dissolved, the;
‘partnership, put. Prescott continued “to,
adyertise as the successor to the Edison!
Phonograph Agency. He Sie? Bon Go ey
Mr. Hayes insisted’ in his argument!
that' the uso of tho word “agency” “1ed)
persons to believe that Mr. Prescott per-|
sonally represented Mr. Edison In ‘the,
pustness, although it was admitted: that,
Mr. Prescott has no right to soll the,
Edison phonograph, . oy Aa
\ Mr, Swayze, on behalf of Prescott, calted|
‘ttention to the fact that Prescott pol
jerttsed his business a8 “The Edison
Phonograph Agency"-and not as “Els;
jon’s Phonograph Company." He also ‘des,
nied: that his client had been‘ recelving!
any:of Mr. FEdison’s mall. eine a
At’ the conclusion of-the ‘argument the;
Vieo-Chancellor expressed” tho ' opinion;
that. since the Nationul Phonograph Come;
puny has tho excitiaive right to sell tho}
‘Edison phonograph it. should. hay¢.been
the fcomplatnant, in theccqas. < y
howovery;that “her would .turthe
‘tho {papers Inthe case,’ befdre.ré
his decision.
Be Kaan
' ‘He};sald,
——
Newark, NJ. - News:
Roe Pepe Os
"THOMAS
Marric
posters oat Bu :
} ELIZABETH, - Nov. i i
Fowler Travers ‘to-duy became the ‘wilfe:
of Willfam Leslie Edison, youngest son] of
Thomas A.‘Edison, the Inventor, : Pepe
“The ceremony wag performed at noon|a
‘Sunhyside, the home of Miss Mary -@e-"
cella. Ryan, whose protege the bride: was,
Rev. Dr. Otis Glugeliugk,- ceciui~ of > BG"
John’s Eplscopal Church, officiated, There
jvere‘no- bridesmaids or best man und. the
wedding was a quiet one. ly.
f “The bride entered the parler on the ar
‘of Mr. Edison. She was given away by
‘Rr. Fowler, of Delaware, her uncle. ‘The!
tbride‘was- the daughter: of the late “Dr..
‘Travers., Her uncle js Senntor Daniel;
Virginian os fra the toe 3 we
;i There Was “a ‘wedding: breakfast -derved,:
Inventor; £dison and ‘his-wife were among.
“those Who, partook of ity The hongymoon
‘af, .the-young-couplo will he spent-in, Bus
ine.”
‘Philadel phia, Pa-Ledger:
“.AUd 8. 189g
nvyentor,Edinons ‘Son, Married]
‘ew_ York, -Nov...7.-Bilas Blanche-Travs,
, daughter of. the late: Dr. -Travers-and
niece; of Senator; Dantel, of ‘Virginia;
4. married: tor; William “Lesile. Edison,
iungest “son of: Thomas: Edison,’ the
entor,- at, Elizabeth, “Ned. to-day; by
: Dr. Olls- Glazebrook, ‘rector ,of
Episcopal. Chirch..? The: honey-,
he'young couple; will be snpent:La
Prete
of Ni
ominating Root for Vice
D ys i
{Fatary,of War,-\vould be the’nomineo for. Vice)
yPrestdent ‘next Year, on:tho ticket. with Pres-
jWent. McKinley, ';Some of Mro-Ro rien
isuld'that they knew nothing of the report,
wseptrthat they bad heard such a rumo
Awas:sald by others, however, that the ma‘
had: gone-so far. that an intimation had-bi
made to tho Secretary and that-he w
eraé to the: suggestion.
JeinerzWoodrn } ed sin!
‘connection with the: Vico Presidency,” but ft!
‘is the opinion of the politicians that.M Root;
‘Is a more kely candidato for the place.! “The:
Republican triumph=in- the state outside of
this clty adds to the probability, it is. eald,
that a New York man will be the companion’
of Mr.. McKinley on the Republican national:
ticket. : As the organization regards the vic
tory’ as a distinct organization triumph in:
which .the personality of Governor Roose-
velt- and the Influence of : his — friends,
counted heavily,-it Is thought llkely thatthe
Vies Presidency will be offered to a man eat-;
Isfactory-to and very friendly with the Gov-|
ernor, -- Doe 7
ee aud His Children, -
With the marrlage¢ot Wiliam Lesle Edisoi
it@ Miss Blanche Travers in Blizabeth,iN.J.;;
OQ. few ‘days ‘ago, the. great -) Invent-:
or, practically has become. estranged:
‘from: fall three of. his firat’ :wife's:
ichildren, His eldest daughter, Marlon,-has’
‘*been abroad for several years and.was mar-{
ined in!Germany without tho presence of.her.
futher. | The recent marrlage of Thomas Edi
son, Jr:, and the opposition made by his’pa=:
irents to his cholce of an actrest fora wife, are
‘still current gossip. Now it is neighborhood
stalk that by marrying Mies Travers, who is'a
niéce of Senator John Daniel of Virginia, ihe
:youngest eon of the Inventor by his first wife
‘also has cut-himeelf off from the famlty circle.
‘Being ‘tho third to oppose the father’s wisher
jim. his selection’ of a-Ilfe:companion ‘the act
iseems the more flagrant at home. oe i
oUntil’ two years ago, both sons worked tn
ithe West Orange.laboratery and lved In thé
family-home pt Llewellyn Park. Then Thom-
as went to New,York and got into tho business
‘efiaventing on higown account. Miss Marion
had-lett home: before him, ‘after her thier
jad" married his‘ second wife. -Thomas’-e:
a=:
agemont and marriage to Miss Touhey,'.a
chorus: girl, ‘placed. him. under the ban. of
|paternat alspleasure.. Neither he nor, his,
wife: bas ‘visited. West Orange since. thelr;
marriage.’ °° 3 Pe ER Wi ae
>Willlam, the youngest’ son by-the fnventor’s:
‘frat -marriage,. met Miss Travers jn Haltl-,
ore .two. years ago, and an attachment.
tonce ‘sprang: up. Both his father and 'M
| dizon thought“the boy too: young for-mar
ridge: and’: forbade’ an ‘engagement! When:
{William avent tot ener id te straights!
pleyed.,the, entanglement; would be straight:
levee aa the eve ite térgowtens WUE
lam went through the.bittle of San‘Judn and!
ithe: slege of Santiago;:and. came-back home;
#tanmed-and thin, but with hie-attachnient Zo:
ert as strong as ever... .*
: Although Mr. and Mrs. Edison botli'refuse
0 “Aldus ‘thie subject, It "1s sald'there'wab’a
cene Inthe: Edison home when the sonian-
inounted his, intention: of marrying the girl:
‘of :his chotce, with-or without .the. parental
‘blessing. » ¥ More. than‘ a.year: ago ‘tho estate
jot the first ape, Balen wes. tabje tort anid
‘bath {boys came,in.for a comfortable /fortyne
when Will ‘follawéd ‘his brothor’s “skate!
:He left the'laboratory and wont into busin
Fi in: New;York; selling, phonographs,and elec?
trical supplies....:He bas home since
this Sweet:
shis.. 8 Mis Was,
‘nounted o few’ months 2 {ther Mr.
‘iors idison: attended.
Blizabeth on: Tuesday. >
: ue
Pe ieee
iN-Y. Evening Journal
BE 26 1egy
SOS
ON: OF:
Villinm,. the. second
llsenmathe wizard}:
Mie’ recond time tlint: fh
Lass, Bunch Fowler” Travers
Haltimore, ‘there is. no’ certainty
Wedding. will ‘come ‘off...
4 ‘point. tothe, woddshed -
where ‘the wizdrd andthis
eld a ‘conference Immediately * dfter. thet
ret announcement a:year-ngo,- 726. .8 ¢3?
. The-stepmother of the young man” ways:
‘now: that. she? knowss nothings attout: the
wedding ‘thot ts reported, to be act, for the’
near future... die el te et ee Nt
2 -Yoting” Edison has’ hiid“a'’stormy . time:
with “his love’ affairs, and all. beeause he
clings to the Iden that he will sone day be
the ort ror stig Travehes-< But ele
WW Jilgt. tiventy-qne—and. ne Ty :.88)
that may jinke same-difterence, It ett
that: the- family - bad: no: objection; te, Milas
Travers; but ‘cons! the“boy. “Fi
tress: wife: last, ¥:
hte, Cathar,
——
"Louis, Mo Stal
NOV 1 1899
es i
YORK,. November aha
- of “William . Lesite-: Edson 2 3 3 os = :
Biariche Travers In. Elizabeth. Ny t is “to — :
afew days ago, the great inyony : eee "a ; a . ; (y ‘1 1 Bas on
‘practically hus become estranged: trot ‘most fai able“ gs oO i Th | d Kl I " d : ‘
Bil: three of his first wife's children. Hook ningestoddy-at Mannan at Bunny ree Unildren LarTIC ‘Tl.
2 sHis' ovdest daughter, Siarions has Ryan; ‘on. ‘Garden wtreet,, at Elizabeth, a ee Spite of Hlis Commands os
‘abroad for severa! years and was. the presence of fashionable assemblages; ae : We:
ried in.Germany, without the presenc : . The. bride: Ww + Miss Blanche’ Fowler; a < sous 5
‘her father, while the recent marflggo. af; ‘Travers, of Maryland, and the groom, WH-
‘Tom Edison, Jr., and the opposition madv, ‘lam Lesile Edison, of New Xork, youngest,
by his parénts to the choice of an actross ‘gon of ‘Thomas A. Filson, of Orange, N. de ‘Pet. of the--Home, Who Won Southern
« ————
i
‘tor @ wif, 18 still current gogsip. Now. it “Phe partors were },. ‘tifully decorated. In. } z : D, ve ee
‘Mg waleaberhootl talk that. by marrying white, green and gol. _The south bow: Bolle, Latest to Daly. Parental Seaed
Miss: ‘Travers, who fs i nlece of Senator window, where the ceremony was, per: ® ps ea nee ate
John Danlels of Virginia, tha youngest formed, as a bower of paling, and white ‘ Displeasure.
gon of the inventor, by his frst wife, also chrysanthemums and smilax were used "ly, ‘
vhas cut himself otf from the family. cir- profusion with artistic effect. ek ie .
‘ele. Being the third to oppose the fathy The bride was attended bi} ‘her tinele, Dre : 3
‘er's wishes in his sevection of a Ufo come, taward. poutine ps Mahaare: oie wave Aa ‘| Spectalte The Press, ‘
M4 uy oH ™ id eo = . “ Ss ‘7 - Nov. pate, “
BE home, lo: Ay soe) Ne ee paper her away. The best man was Samuel Rob: | ORANGE, Ne Sos: Nov., 10. ‘With the
"until two. years ago both sons worked erts Fowler, of Syracuse, N. ¥. ‘The bride marringe of William -Leslio Edison. to.
a the. West Orange Jaborwtory on slived: fvore f tailor-made gown of custor-colored = Miss - Blanche ‘Cravers in Elizabeth,
3 a (ee 7s ” 7 ny a x] ey y a .
“Then “Tom ‘Tr, went to. New York: and: cloth with walst of white silk and chiffon NY J,,.a fow days ago the great inventor
tgot int he business of inventing on ht. ayd hat to match, and curried why vganthes Bmensceee
igot into the oatiss sfarlon had lett home ams. : the; practically has become ‘estranged from,
jbefore chim, after her father ‘had married the Wnnrtieee porvice of th fe nal all'three of his first wife's children.” .'
his. second wife. His ‘eméa: yement ‘arr Church was performed by ayo Ae : " a
marriage ‘to Miss Touhy, Mt Chorus spiel, Glazebrook, formerly of Ba}, oat she _ lite oldest daughter, Marion, hasbeen.
‘placed ‘him under the ban of patdrnal dis: benediction belng pronounced b,.0 32."De abroad for several years, and was mar-,
:pieasure. Nelther ho nor his ‘wite hava
‘visited: West Orange since; thelr marr,
age. —~
yo William, the youngest
Newland Maynard, of New Yo. 21 -e0r ried: in Germany without’the presence,
congritulutions had been show: yo4Pn of her father, while the recent: marrisge’
he the this the bappy pair an elaborate brea . ,.st Wos
: has as
‘Ventor’s first marriage, met: Miss - Tra, served. an i .of. Lom Edison, Jr., and: the opposition’
vers in Buitlmore ‘two -yeurs! Ago and..09 ‘The bride is a cousin of Senator John W. ‘made by his parents to the choice of ~
‘attuchment - at_once~ sprang: up. * Both Daniel, of Virgluin, —. - ; actress for a wife Is still current’ gossl;
the father one oe oto age. nee ‘Although the wedding was quiet and Ho Now it is neighborhood talk ‘that ‘by!
ese oy Loe aeeinent! Fn am avont formal Invitations were sent out, the yucats pomaae be nee who f fey side <f
to war.in Cuba’ the parents believed tha were representative of Elizabeth soelety. marrying Miss Travers, wao ts. usec;
ontunglement wold bo straightoned: out ‘Among the Southern people present. were of Senntor Jolin Daniels of Virginia, the
and the love affair forgotten. , Willan Mrs. Oliver Craft, of Maryland, the bride's youngest son of the inventor by hia first:
went through the battle of San Juan and mother; Frederick Craft, of Maryland, and: fo also lias’ cut biméelf off tesa tha;
the siege of Santiago and. came‘ homey, mother: varine B, King, of Baltimore. |: | Wife also has cut bim' rom -tha:
tannerl and thin, but with his vattachs Mevand Mrs. Edison will.take a wedding: family circle. Being.the third to oppose;
Rihough Ne and Stes Edlgon, woes trip to Burope, and on’thelr. return: aw" tho father's wishes in-his selectio’
Aged Co ee ee also nehemel liye In’ Now Xork, life'companion ‘the’ act’ scems' the
e 5 ie x ons. . 3 oe te * as
when‘the son announced his Intention ,of; flagrant at home. * Nata e
marrying.the girl of his. choice, with *o OL ALL-THREE LEFT IOME SINGLE.
}s More'than_u year ago tha estate. oftth
without: the parental. blessing. | U -Until two, years, ng0. oth sons: workedsin.
frat Rare, asson: ne, nn yok ‘tha West Orange laboratory and jived inthe)
came. in fora comfortable, fortunes sThe ‘ ;family homa in Llowellyn Park. Thon ‘Tom,
Ir.,-yont to New ‘York-and. got’ ti
business: of Inyenting on‘his own.
‘Miss Marion had left home before him,
sher.fathor had ‘married’ his: second . wifo
His : ‘engagement - and marriage , to «Miss
/Touhoy, a chorus girl, placed him,
pban of, paternal,displeasurc., can
1. Neither ho no his, wife, hay visitad .1
{Oranga-sinco - their. marriag' Wiliam,-tho}
syoungest’ son. by the inventor's: first mar-:
‘ridge, mot: Miss: Travers in -Baltimore: two’
years.’ngo.;ond:/an attachment at. once
sprang-up.-.., Both his father ‘and. Mrs,: Bdl-;
rethought tho ‘boy too’ young, “tor!
age,-and. forbade an engagoment. faiad
“When; \Villinm *went to twar'in “Cuba ithe}
parents believed tho entangloment.would-bo,
algntened out and the love affa’ r forgot!
i Willlam-went ;through’ tho battlaof;
neJuan7and s tho; siege of «Santis; rand:
enme. homo: tanned’ and thin, ; but-w! thyhis;
attachment for Miss. Trav wy
ever, ees are et
id abe ek NL
he .laboratory ‘and, went: -intps bust
iness7in New York, ‘geliing.. phonograph
‘and electrical supplies,...H10has-notrheg
thome: incovhis engagements to: Ais Tyra:
vas; announced..ct fens mop!
re
arid: neither MpsoriMreEdison
the wedding: In Bilzabethyon :
oe? BOTH BOYBtARD': RICH.F
peaAlthough Mr. and:M ‘Edison:both retu:
|tofdiscuss’ tho’ subjec! s7ahtd; there swas
|w*seons -An‘the*Edison-home-whon!tiie!aon
nhouncéd his intontion of marryin gE
4 ‘his cholce, with or. without tne sparen:
2, . os 7
«More than .-year-ago:thoe-eatato!
lnret !Mrs,-Edlson, the’ mother: of: Tomy:
jand Will, was alvided, and, both boys.cam
Hin-for a, comfortable fortune. .Then Will fol-
Howed his brother's. example.’ Ho’ lett” tha
jlaboratory: ands went -into business, jn> New ;
ork,» 88 ings »Phonographs and «électrical :
‘supplies {n.«No!45 Bsat’ Mitty-ninth street: -)!
(Hethas ‘not’ been‘ home sinée ‘his fon,
jmont: to: Miss-‘Travers was iannounced?a.few +
‘months -ago-and nelther:Mr..or. Mrs; ‘Edison ‘
inttended, th Ps beth’on Tues- ;
‘day.
——
rgreat thing.” ~ A
Hp xHow7long since Mr. Edison ec
| Atssend,/does he: intend. to manufacture
‘them:héra?” was the next.question. ° Th
ame,the ‘shock of the disillusionizi
‘ake ‘em?.”. Why, that was
| Thomas: A, Batson, ‘the ti
‘a.lot:of people in the Orangés.. .
‘and few.will know thay wero ‘fooled; un}
‘they -read: thesa ‘lines, Whether thd.
(was ; planned..or.. not_tha.Wizard_ref
4 any this morning. In fact, he: retu : “It Wun bought. fram.ane. of
‘to'see’ newspapermen at all, sendliig 3 WS) urers and.runs ‘by gasolene,' a
‘down: from -his laboratory. that: she: didg if a xpected explanation.. “Did you‘t! ni:
‘have: timo’ to breathe, let alonojtaltet s} id that was ‘the Edison automobila?. ell;
<t.:was.dnnounced- ite AD aa ta dt'lpn't. “Mr, Edison is working atvhis ma-;
‘weveral ‘months -ago’ that Mr.” Edisor wp 8 |'chine. now .and then, when he ‘gets time
‘working on an automobile. which;was}to| trom the coment'and other machinery. tg
outclags all other horseless carriage hich he {s giving:most-of-his attention;
a bikelasrnitiee era. te be run by motive ut I'want tb tell you: that-when the Jcdl-
made?knoywn
quntilt the: carriage was —portected’ OW: Son machine comes out there:won't be’ any
would. make automobllos aa r 2
cycles...) --
xe "of the. Messerer. Automobile “Company,
,sald to-day .that the company proposés
_maniufacture’ in, this city a new. kind
automobile, ono that will ascend: the,
cepest hill.. The inventor has. bufit-one.
ployees-in the laboratory an nlowed ‘by,| automobile, .which has been.. tested | in’
ithe-Hdlgon team and carriagé;‘containing | Newark. with satisfactory results on level’
Itch Edison, everybody ‘jumped{to,ithe|‘ground and ordinary"hills, but he,has per-;
‘fected another. which ho 4s, confident! vil
isald Mr. Edison at the time, #
of Mr, Edison's children rodo'do
‘street yesterday afternoon-in achan
Nautomobite gulded by one
‘up steep hills.-
“When the now automobile is fntahed
the ascent aA savserstily. wa the- inven-:
Pr dortifidently. expec! 3
‘begin: themanufactu “the -new "ma!
z chine. at once, * We can t sive, out. any ot;
23 eta rth ow.
sence. ented ou and. jar inith
if {ts mechanism, and Edison‘sto
fa) always: at.a premium in‘Orange;-w: ere
{the., inventor. {s regarded: witht somel hat’
[rine by'his: fellow, townat mn, 5
added the: automobltestoy thet Hi sth of}6
|wlaard's great inventions;
——
' Philadelphia,Pa.- Times \
EDISON TO DIG FOR ROCK.
pitalists Win Ereova Million Deite?
IMU for Production of Cements”. |
Ee Philipsburg, Decembor-8—A_ company of
seapltalists, headed by Thomas A. _E, in,
{has ‘bought the John W. Ole ree
arfsvitle, five milled from this place‘ and,
his :secured optlons on a number of- adjoin
Jug: furms,, Pug tats
x2, The “company has been Prospecting : for,
Feenient rock-for several mouths past and
‘Edison “himself has been here several timer.
;An excellent quality of rock has been found;
sAnd :people who seem’ to know the Inalde,
workings of the comprny shy Wh millton-dol-;
lor -inlll, “with a eapactty df 5,000 barrels |
day, will be erectett,: Pe Fee ee
*: Operations are’ to be begun without delay,
‘Warren county contains rich deposits of co-!
ee roek and two Inrge plants at Witake
and:Vulcanite, afew miles acrogs,the county’
\from, - Stowartayille,. are working- to” thelr!
falleat Capacity; sandsire: enlarglog-and, nd)
ng new, machinery constantly. a!oc sis
‘Philadelphia, Pa ~ jngninép
DE. 27.1 b99°
"8 APSBORG
[epee Gaia
ine. 52. mer
{tatty or Mrg, 88
Seam fienro.:
a
ie,
ISI
——
eee
+
“ 7 _
cLouston, Lex. ~~ Post B Chisess : a A ; £
“DEC 10 1899 ’
sean oh VAG, :
ch an instrument 'r3;cl
rinds justi:ag: they: ai Pronqunzed.,
vIn regard ‘tothe amount: of. ‘cutront
réquired to send: a message. acrofe: tte
ocezo’] ‘can.only say that tho-old-theory:
of a. necessarily.: heavy current wast not
?) considered after we had goue very. deeply
{intévthe-matter. :T: belleva the time ts:noz]-
far distant when ‘we shall ‘bo able.to} send
{.2télophone-anessage straight: acros4" ;
leoWithcutidelay. or Use ‘or relay ia’
3 this “isi tow- imporsible owing .to
at “Gondition ‘of our electrical ‘de-.
¥! With: some necessary improvements,
alone-ticre: Inés relay statlons. will ibe
{made ‘unnecessary. : As It-13 We figure. that
){-We'ghall require but one statfon:-: If asses,
Meany ‘obstacles. -*To.-hls’ mind the el ing ts needed it can be built, but;-we"
Wnvento:
£/ Tinposst8l
X wbysthe intrcduction of -an- in-
tienithat wilt ensblo:us-to talk withour
misiin London, or ‘Paris, or S}. Petets-
wburg? : To believe; “that . such ‘a thing {3
‘among | thie’ probabilities -of tho, Immediate
fptite ‘regitires. @ stretch7of. the Imazina-
tloni;that’ will -:make-one feel’ like a reln-
cS irnaticn of’ a*Baron- Munchausen: and-a
J és Verne rolled into, one, but, tn spite
OF -this, wo: have tid:uasurance ‘of"tworfn-
ors that. such an achievement’ 13 ono
jo ‘most probable things in -the: world).
means .of ‘conveying fl --telephons: mesaagy! see no renstn why there: shoul: ibe
actos: the ocean ‘successfully would "to by{ Hdre’tkan one. i . .
the erection ‘of .relay ‘stations every Sno) Efforts: are alrexdy being mado“o‘pér;
hundred’ miles. ‘ To-dd‘thta-wou'd be £0°e)
i siiade the young men to organiz> %
Pensive -that- ‘the “cost” would render-“t{ho
Bary ito agsist them‘in carrying thi
1 ‘the “errllest possible complet
NaS Se gee ee
acheme- almost impracticable. otha t ‘ ; :
\Ansther: Inventor who has attenipted. to! c this will eventually be don; but:
master: this problem: Is“Nikola Tesla. ‘Ye | 10! Until the Inventors have been able, to
Madea careful study :of the queition and] demonstrate to the. world that they shave, 4
at'last dismissed ‘it-with the opinion that | positively overcome tho Problem of ‘sub:
Successful transatlantic ‘telephony would maring.<telephony. Then. they pot
§ not-be Poseiblo’ until the problem of tol- |Just what they aro disposing of cand will
that’ within a ‘few: years,-at! leas, it will | ePhoning. without wirés‘ Had been sglved. | bg able to profit accordingly. “In the pets
be\as.oasy to say “hello” to Paris-central| Tesla. found that tho.chlef ditneulty in ths | tlmo-n survey of the bstt=m of hs tore
‘astic't8 now to tatk between New York’ and | ¥8Y. of submarine ‘telephony dld ro: :1.e at the shallowcst points Will ho mada tt A
Bostén..* B Slee dm: the statle oapacity-of-.the cable, but the Sables may be anchored of th> bighest
;; Tho: two Inventors who. ask ‘us to accept; 28 due -to the. fact. that. the clectric ;eleyations, ; Camber Per
this;. prediction ag tinndulterated toot are Viorations were’ too-ensily ‘distorted by the ; dn regard to the amount that i
Thom 1 Bdisoi Jr.,and Witham’ Hoi- | aves. -He explained this. -by Ukeaing a ‘cort to carry out such an ome ment igs
werd | both are young men‘ they cable to a‘big reservoir through “which {willbe necessary jn order to mal eon a *
lready ished‘ themsel¥ea inj Small disturbances: must: be tranamttiel. ‘lutely porfect test of tho -new. inven ion
sown’ ficlds'and when: they say thac| The reservolr: would take up tha.d's.urb- (Mr. Edlson {s silent, but from the z eroxt
‘they ‘havo. beén: so ‘successful in their-ex:|2Nce produced at’ onevend!and weuld ;at- that tho commercial’ world has ta en in
periments ‘that they are. now Prepared ‘to tempt to carry them’,to tbe other end, but the°invention aince the time w on jews
stake their Teputations upon the-assertion,| Very. -Ilttla’ of the original disturbance first announced there 1s no reason fo donb
that /they vill soon. be‘able.to Prove: the) Would: stilt exist when: the’end of the In fhat “the requisite ‘amount will be fozth-
Possibility of telephoning across ths'ocean!|.Was reached... . i Rial vo) sgt: coming as gcon-as the two young taventorg
ono does -not: feol- inclined. to reject th2|:-.a' makjog ‘his experiments Tesla’ euce. bre -ready to show. the wore that j they,
statement us:the' dream’ of a vistonary; £6 veeded tn:conveying:a scund'frem the volee feally-hava something that ts ial a
iiany wonders ‘bave already~been’ accom, through 3,000 miles of wire, but the sotind Tf_ono may judge: by. thelr: entiuala
plished, by ‘electricity that It’ requires | ‘Was Ittle -more’than a -confusedno'sa,:en- ay’: bo far distant
Bald: man ‘to. ass wt uch tirely, undistingulshable-as-to its meaning , ayes .
ittalninént has “been reached.’ - Then,” tooj} and: ho: explained’ this: by. tha theory ithat
t oho. ‘inven t Jof'thy| tho clectric ‘vibrations had’ been “distorted
‘di
i action: roubled. "Mz. Tosla an 1;!
according to their “present plans, there’ will)
bo ‘one :relay ‘station. between. this country:
iil be located mald-}
t
they .are Very, much. tn
er, the experiments jay. tu
ie-not the ‘slightost‘ doubt. tha i i-
Te. ;perfectly ‘honest when’ ‘they “ox Way in't nd- from: that. point. tha
the opinion that-they ‘are-so soon “to suqs| message: will bo “resent: bya. mechdn{eal:
ceed) in ‘accomplishing: what “so-many "in. ‘dovice--. In.a measure this-devico pa
Yentors have deemed. the -{mposeible. emble ja “megaphone an:
deseribing:-the experiments that, ba:
Fgady” been made Mr: [edison ‘said ‘t
intended to.’ show “that, contrary: to’
sion,” It wiil-ndt ‘talc
STelepko
| Come.
ada” much: chenper?”
do. not: barat é
bo! the ‘reeetver?!
Mireflo. tant-nart ¢f-the ens
casion ‘they’: su Ave spent a greal
made: olve:nt thi Wo::Intend- that’ st!
‘yevo posstble. . Tt wilts
“tha; greatest “dlelinc
——
Fawr tie hte Advertiser
Newarigits. Advertis
RDISON ‘BUYS LAND,
Sess
ho! Orange Wiknrdi MayWant( Mo
~Neom to-owin Ino
: : yu
‘Within the past week Thomas A: Edison
jas become owner of the tract of Iand op:
losite the West Orange Laboratory
{ .the southeast - corner of Valley
‘oad . and Lakeside avenue, The Plot
is-- 171 feet atong Valley rond and
‘extends back 331 fect on Lakesldo ayas
‘ue. :Tho price pald for the Property to
Samuel WW. Baldwin and others was
$9,500, :
: It Is proposed to erect a large’ factory
on tho plot, for what purpose Mr, Edison
‘and others connected with the Edison
‘works refuse to divulgo as yet. Two
large buildings are now In Process of con-
struction in the block bounded by Vatley
road, Alden street and Watchung , ond
Lakeside avenues, which fs entirely owned
‘and occupied by the Edison companies,
with the exeeption of half a dozen sinall
dwellings on the corner of Valley xoad
and Alden street, | : gS
‘ The factories now being built are to be
used, ono for a box factory and the other
8 an experimental cement factory, ©
|
Ra 9 Mag, Te ees
ped
Clippings
1900
dog silorg of, New ¥6 rc.
a really tr the “Cores
cies mage dies -the ‘biging
Tttle's report
ley..ra
"the “Dlatweot the ‘inate fal ito
aig sting Com celal Ar .OP)
ela Seta ia goats siete
ive commit
; oe ?
. ;
Sees ay” eek ed
<om ange ae ae
gel? instead: of” passing; or
Fa;;,they.-.o “hear strango soundd? pro:
on ‘om-‘that barn,.which: cause.them
juestions; and {n that way ingulsitive
ae have ‘learned: that this’ Isolated:placé
felocted ‘by ‘the: phonograph ‘sorapany,
affactory in ‘which’ thelr rolls ‘ate, made:
/ morning the rallway trains from!New,
(bring: to: this: big red. barn .partles:of
vaudeville -- actors, -and.,.specialty,
ts; who (sing -and-play.-and shoutyinto
vitig machines, and:thus make what arg
mins.the “master-records’’: from:which
ralis:that are sold.to tho public and‘used
oxhibition-machines-aro duplicated. 714
6 ‘people have..voices that’ are ul:
Ayly4-adanted . to. -the.:graphophone =:
bhongsraph.: Col. Bryni, for:example;*t
at people ‘whose :volces :ara;
hy ‘strong ‘and: sweet’ can: make “VOry;
fon.Their records aré, “usaally,
good. phonograph - artist=-thati
3 or’ a-Wwoman performer iwho: <cant
ce‘good-results on‘tho filme—can’ make;
'$16-.tol $30. f. doy. singing: andfreciting,-
ey are. paid. ‘1
qcord’’ produced, a7
b erred: ‘barn\at Oral wer belong: ;
‘*Phonogra} 1b company: :'Thdsgrapho=}
“Institution!
ea ona a'6 attallar, ‘business at Bridg
for each: perfoe
a
ighth-st.,, ‘charging ‘th:
edsan: advertisemon and’ that Stron,
under pretence of: going: into” par
eed intinotig- Want
i Talicine ‘Muchine at the Sun~:
dayiMorniug Service
-—
yee md
-
D . From
\{oo rittsburg, Pa,-Leader
sw oO!
nomersin-law se
realdens Tatts ob ides Gear Ree Ko
“ang, is-ar-the-pote net Risting. reacts @
ies ‘Page’ is: tho oul; os
trae
shen “Cannot -Endanger- Liv
Upening Lamp. to? Light Pipe
oS ae
utaly
‘Posen salt -the: stored: u; 1g0; of.
ie Itetime’spent:-In-tho- tmosphere‘ or ‘ete
:trical Anvention:: Ait} ithe. successful
-troduction: of the‘ clectriéat current fo
Juminating purposes: it -was-thought: -that.
| ilts ‘use: Inv mines. Id prevent: a-.
ranc
5 x ive.costsand:
e oselementi ‘of dange
——
erirte nies
PDISD
It Shows, the Most Minute Workings ‘of
“Tet “the Proposed Milk "2%."
the Work to be Automatle—T R
Night and Day. 28
The large coment project of Thomas
A.Edlsou near New Village is already
working quite a change in that locality
as.a STAR reporter discovered on Mon-
day.” ;T'ne 20-ton steam shovel is daily
at'workon the Uarhart farm this side
of;,.Btewartaville stripping the’.top |
strata of earth from the cement layer
beneath and a 90-ton steam shovel has ;
arrived ‘and will soon be put at work;
there...Twenty teams are kept ' busy.
carting' away and. dumping the soil
thus removed. In some places this
top soil is ten feet thick and ‘in other
slndeatleos.«-Nuarby” a~urill~ worked
‘by: horses is uaed to locate the cement
and alsd.to bore for water to be used in
ithe-boiler of the steam ‘shovel. So;far
the.borings for water b: not been.as
‘feuitful‘ns desired.” ae :
‘On the” Pursel’ farm” near ‘the. ‘New
Village { depot” another. force of men
are building.a switch which: is-tosran
to the:plant when the latter ::has ‘bépn
built, The plant, or. cement, mill, will
be situated near the north; side’ of :the
railroad} “about td eens the: railroad
walting room... This switch was putin
by: the railroad only as far as the limit
ot, the railroad property.» Beyond that
the Edison: people, are. buildin e i cite i
‘was the latter -who had..the: dificulty
last week with Farmer. Isaac: ‘Deremer.
They, finally. arranged to,-pay. “him. f
the:prospective damage ; to -his: wheat
crop and no injunction - was -lesued; as
béfore reported... foie Ra
&-‘atorehouse is” being - built: near
where the switch joins the railroad and
work was began on Monday.on a tem-
porary machine shop a few rode farther
north,’""This shop. is to be 60 x 320
feat and,O. J. Laubach has thecontract
for ita.erection. A-track will be:r
from''the mill to the quarry on ‘the
Oarhart'farm’ to convey. the raw,'cé-,
ment:to.the former. Other tracks and
awitches' will also be laid in the y f
the-mill-for' various purposes. = -
¢ Mr .. Theodoter-E.- Knowlton is in:
charge of the whole work just now. Un-
der him are about sixty men. His office,
*- 4g, Jocated in' the: home-of-Mise-Mary:.
Pore ein shred yauds' from °tbo
reel a few, hundred yards’ from |tha:
mill sité.:"; In ‘a faw days. bis ‘office wlll:
probably be moved to, athe .storehouse
oes
sj Reset Me ee teieu, eas, suited
” ie) al ny
\foo Com gut
on the Boyer farm, the .farm , havin
recently been purchased by Mr. Edi-
son.:: Laborers work ten hours: per
day and $1.25 is the rate paid. ‘Aa the
work proceeds many more will be‘em-
6
plo; 2 82 Sear
The rain and thawing of Sunday, bad
caused a respectable sized lake to form
on the Parsel farm on Monday, : In
,Bome places it was several feet deep. ‘
This interfered quite a little with; the
work, bat.itisthuught it can be easily
drained off and prevented in future; j
Superintendent Knowlton was ex-
tremely courteous to the reporter and
gladly submitted to being “‘pumped.”’
‘e thought the ple mill might be com-
pleted by next fall, but. he could not
say how many hands it would employ.
nor where the hands would live. The
plan of the mill would follow closel
the model in Orange made for Mr. Ed-
ison, Mr. Knowlton had nothing to
say about the proposed steam rail con- ;
nection with igeleville. As for as
the Washington-Easton trolley he had
seen men surveying for it and their.
stakes were met with quite often.” He’
would be glad to see itin operation, he-
t
said. a
A view of the preliminary operations |
for the big plant will convince anyone }
that intelligent und energetic brain .
work and unlimited capital are behind’.
the enterprise. in which. the.‘ Wizard |
‘of Menlo Park” is so conspicuous a
‘figare, It means much to Warren
county, in general, and Washington, in
particular; and our people will be glad
to see it realize the expectation of Mr,
Edison and those associated with him.
Below will be found a few remarks
by another writer concerning the con-
templated mill and’ the cement in-
dustry. .
AS OTHERS SEE IT,
‘Thomas A. Edison has stated that
the big cement plant about to be erect-
ed between Stewartsville and New
Village would be one of the largeat in
the United States, and that it would be
equipped with modern machinery.
Arrangements are being made‘ to com-
mence the construction of the huge
buildingsinthe spring. . es
“fhe importance of this brief: an-
nouncement might. says the Phila-
delphia Record, be readily overlooked
without some further explanation,
which may be, perhaps, afforded by a
brief description of a very recent visit
-to‘Edison’s laboratories at Orange, :N.
J., where a complete model of the new
cement plant alluded to, constructed
upon a scale of two inches to the foot,
or.one sixth of the full size, making,
perhaps, the largest model of ‘a ‘im
ever built, was shown by Mr. Edison
himself. ‘In the first place, it may: be
said that ‘the term ‘laboratory?’ fails
tocorivey any adequate idea of: thie
nique plant... sheet
*"Waen we state that there are more:
than;dne thousand “employes: engaged
in Edison's laboratories at Orange, N.
Ji;=in ‘operating special’. machinery.
ofthe finest description, much of iti
,being: so nearly automatic that: one!
attendant serves ten or a dozen turret!
lathes; another’-looks after an equal’
‘number of drilling.. machines, and'that:
many ;otker, tools, ofthe kind that:
ordinarily‘ require the attention ofone
man-to each, or, perhaps, One inan ‘for
two machines, here work by electrical
guidance only, some idea may be gain-
ed.of the extent of. this manofactaring
establishment, , modestly ; called: “Eadi-
son’s laboratories.) gies noni
_ TEE PORTLAND CEMENT INDUSTRY, |”
‘One year ago the Engineering and
Mining Journal in its annual issue,
iving the mineral statistics of the
nited States for 1898, said, oj 2:
...The greatly increased demand for
+Portland cement in the United States
}in 1898 led to a depletion of stocks and
_ taxed the domestic productive capacity?
‘to its utmost. At present the acturl’
, production is less than the current con ,
‘sumption, and stocks are very small,
“The increase in consumption is attri-
butable partly to the extraordinary re-
:guirements of the Government: and
“partly to the extensive construction of
puildings, dams, bridges und otner
large works. It is noteworthy that
‘the cement is taking the place of ime
and mortar in a,good deal of construc-
tion work, Notwithstanding the large
increase in the domestic demand, the
{mportation of foreign: Portland ce-
ment fell off from 2,787,760 barrels in
1897, to about 1,700,000 barrels in 1898,,
which shows the extent to which Amer-:
ican producers now control the Port-
land cement business of this country.
OF course, the existing conditions led
} to an increase in prices, and American
Portland cement ranged between $1.90:
and $2.26 per barrel in New York dar-,
‘ingithe year. Imported cement sold
a eae 32,25, against $1,90@§2.10 in
1897. 5 +
“The increase in the consumptive de-
mand was a great stimulus to the. in-,
dustry, and several new concerns were.
induced to engage in business, while.
- many of the older manufacturers made:
preparations to increase thvir output
Jargely. The Lawrence Cement Oom-
:pany began in October the erection of
a large new plant at Siegfried, Pa.; the;
Coplay Cement Company commenced ;
‘the ‘erection of an additional, plant,
with a nominal capacity of 1600 barrels
per day, while the Atlus Cement Com-
pany, at Northampton, Pa., made pre-
‘parations to double its capacity..and
turn out 2,000,000 barrels in 1899, ad-
-ding 32 new kilns to its plant... -.2.. 3...
‘The total production of Portland.
cement in 1898 in the United States was
stated to have amounted to, 8,584,686
barrels, containing. 400-. pounds @ube
The annual statistical ; number of. tuis:
Journal, just issued, gives :the produc-|
tion in 1809, at 6,146,084 barrela of. 400
pounds each. Satie ono
‘03. AN INTERESTING MODEL. |‘ = |
-; The model of Edison’s hew.’cement
mill already alluded to is jcontained ‘in
a building especially constructed for
the purpose and some idea of- the size
‘of the mill, which is to be ‘built entire:
lyof steel, may be gained when we say:
that the model is about .110 | feet: lon:
and hos. number..of. wingg\abont 4
feet in length -placed-atrigut:angles
‘the main building, the intention being
to enlarge the plant from time to time
by. building new. wings.. When all the
wings shall have. been. completed:.the
mill will have a. capacity, so it. was
atated,- of 1000,barrels a day. But,-.as
paginelly constructed the output. will,
be far less-than this, althongh the main
portion. of the mill will.be of. full..size.,
* Mr.:‘Edison’s reason;for,constrnoting.
so large and costly a. model is in order,
that he may be able.to, eae. day, by da:
every, detail of the new features, whiob;
‘will be introducedand study the modesl:
=
Sees Renae eee Veta ony
of all the m .
aufllelont alas eee Which are not of
a Bive a fair idou of their
ppearance and knowled f th
working ca: nei Wledge oO ()
chines, Whilo i of the full-sized ma-
attempt to pive it is not advisable. to
scription ofthe Herein a complete de-,
be stated, in? cement plant, it may
scheme?’ '..-_&, few words, that the
re , 18 to make the mill so complete
uw iteelf that human labor will be
practically eliminated; in other words,
almost ali of the operations will be
automatic; furthermore, they will be
continuous, go that, once started, the
mill may keep on day and night turn-
ing out the best gra eof Portland ce-!
'ment, packed in barrels ready for ship- ;
ment, as long ns it shall be kept sup-
piled with the raw materials, The
arrels will be made on the spot in one
‘or more of the wings. The whole ar-
rangement of the machinery for grind-
the materials, mixing, roasting and
conveying them from point to point,
even tothe final packing of the, pro-
duct, isclearly shown in the big model,
and it is expected that all experiment-
al work necessary to develop any
defects and show where changes may
be made to advantage will be fully
exploited and developed by means of
working model, so that the big mill it-
self, the first ofits kind, will be con-
atructed on permanent lines. This
feature is, in point of fact, character-
istic of all of Mr. Edison’s experiment-
al work and is largely the secret of
his phenomenal success in under-
takings which, in less competent
hands, would have been doomed to
failure even if they had proved’ en-
couraging in ordinary laboratory tests, ;
Tn various other departments of the es-
,tablishment actual working tests were
‘being made of some of cement mix-
ing. machines and other apparatus, for,
although we have called the big model
a “working model,” itis not intended
toactually make the cement in the
model mill, but merely to operate
upon a “dummy” material, to show
the general principles, just as a huge
working model of the eye may illus-
trate to an audience of medical stu-
dents the phenomenon of sight with-
out actually having in itself any visual
power. It may be said, in conclusion,
that one of the unique features of the
Edison establishment is the conjunc-
tion or combination of purely experi-
mental work, conducted on a small
acale, and the manufacturing of Edi-
ron’s specialties on a wholesale scale. j
Big Plant. Under Way ‘Near!
: Stay artsville, Oe
c=")
BOL
is
MA
8+,
Dalays:Now.Overcome—. :
iterpriso With Many Special
i. Characteristics,
wartsvilic, N, J.,: April 6.—Wot
-Edison- cement- plant -. fs unde)
I way. The long-continued. res
Ronen January. _ coats
pril 1;was,occaslonedi| i$
hie priijelpal-one beltigthgiinal
ompa vito tirest
lel, in’ the way,
<axtortion, and at’one time\appearances!
yerevory.much against Jocating thé{plant
jubon: the-grounds selected, notwithstatids
‘ing:.thefact ‘of- the: purchase: of ovgryiod)
ands ‘employed: in, Various ,capact-
id ground is“béing: broken :fotithe
uidations of the buylldligs to -be“eretted)
Snty-six’in-number;.to be. builtroftirony
: ta for. which; hay
(Eee
ninghslty.of ‘the plant:
erstood, -perhaps, .when-. tlie e
uildings 1s -known,. the largest of
iI be-100 feeet by 600-fect andthe!
leat .75-feot by. 350'feet,A temporaty;
ecietess shop, 0. fess By. fase ‘hast beat
erec ind Js.almost ready. for occupandy;
% Enea easton after carldad ot:costly.
fachitigry* have arrived :“and’ atoybelng
: Good!
nd:
placed “into; positio:
descriptions ‘are.in
ts:
ide, is one Vvast-deposit of cemen:
Jimestone “rack, ‘tlie days. of “fdr
the old-fashioned Way ‘are num
‘policy would seem .to-dictute' the 's¢
‘old, worh' outs farms -upon.~whie
Hardest tind of Jauor‘and. stric
Omy:-the-teridnt farmorits oridbled™
, ut 4 bure- living, and it {s°an..uhdl
tfhet -that.a mujority-of- them: a6 nowiown,
their! Horsch, :.cattle’and. farmin
n fee almple, 4V 1.57.45
But:wosstrongly has the: pasion:
owning for tarmirig purposes: been
x
see
ithem,there,Js
ee
lente befor.
TO purdases }
yi
hidve“pulles
farm. ow ers profited:
this ‘business’. projdct,”
tits and ausacent’ villagde—sicop ing, -it not
ead, for yeara—haye,, advayced, ing valug,
yapldly, in some. instances. 1f0 sper: sent,
on
Tow, that direct trolley ‘communlention be-:
enedth pani
bP fidtaral iMyes,: ani
@ nave: the)
dventi‘of!
‘opertiés,iny
4
“by
tween Easton ‘and Washington Is
paNying’ directly’ through? this :-vil
Hered,
Hered a it
ig vutenall
le-. means
tlon “zleaned: from=intimate“assocl
Pee
a ginfanc
it
; fatty ve:
riet ‘perlta
Pe:
veutput,
19)
nC
k
nde
-conhected with“ thi
‘of confident’ that:
this “entire 'valloy™ will?
‘os tina ne 1,
A i
titan
rt
ee As
itesceh
a}
ong tn,
aay
Mote
Heinen
ie behft
Boe
$ 10}
otal
Sus itd,
nee
ny Bites
Grek
uted:
‘o8 land:
‘ “$natilted.
into andjcultivated among the péople-that:
it !s.a most alMoule ‘matter to‘ convinces:
s Any, other way, of living; id
(ey tke tact’ Uniit ai ef
tiem, and
note,
Anstances, grey
if! thelr: kn
the Hal
peopl out ‘of: th
of-mortgages,-relloved-th 5
ndtiert fiom
Yon “during *th
‘without. hard Jabor., Not “alo
foi
Com
asapredi
ligetand |
; furthe
——_
Pah Ne-J—Advetsn,
“AUG I
‘any. Newark marfutasturers and mati
‘ufacturing concerns and institutions, ‘ad
-well’as ‘many concerns ‘in other parts 0
-the-Btate, have been honored with peiied
at the Parls Exposition. The list ‘og:
Awards‘to the American exhibitors was.
{mado'public to-dny, = | we
feAmerlea captures 1,981 awards in com
petition: with tho world. “Of theso .220 ari
8rand prizes, 486 gold medals; 683 silved:
‘Medals, 422 bronze medala and’ 270 honor:
ae HT There is also a long iiss!
of’ gold, silver and bronze me oa
allaboratore, Pet oun fo
a.The- exhibit. of the Newark Board of
Education in the department of lemond
sary oaeation has been awarded a gran iH
+, Much’ satisfaction was evinced by t! A
‘Melals of.the Board at tha success of tnd
Jewark, achools at the big exposition:
When the exhibits were sent to Paria’
Sveral months ago confidence was ex
iressed’-by the school authorities tbat, ad
gh placo would be given the wofk of,
he. Newark school children, It was not!
joped,* however, that a grand Prize woul
‘all ‘to-the lot of-this city's educational
fepartment. Additionat satisfaction ts ‘
ireeacd. at the result of the judges’ a
Paris ‘because it shows the public schoo
iepartment of this city to be equal to th
; raat Nee. -
ees world.
‘Newark is rated equal to the school des}
sartments of Boston, Albany, Chicago and
Denver; and is given supremacy over the*
Itles’ of} New York, Omaha, Washington
.
‘department.’ . Ms
f:When:tho exhibits wore sent from ‘New=
rie ithwhs the unlversal opinion of ‘those’
who:-had inspected -it that. the pritiary
kindergarten: exhibits: wero. superio
thosd contributed . hy |.the .grammai
hool scholars, snotwithstanding the'fac
atitheliatter were of-a'very high ofdedt
etexhibits: ere “prepared ‘underftne|
Tclty! .Superintendent-/Gite:
“}the Depariment. of Chemichl Industries:
Joo : Phew, ae Se |
wipler-supervisdt of manual "training 7
‘exhibits ‘consis
map.
Filth a: large number of photographs’
showlng almost ‘to tho degree}of.:min-
litest detail -all the work’ dono \in'-thi
schools, é Ps
7, 4 Princeton Takes a ‘Prise. 4
#Princeton “University also. recolves. a
prize in the Department of Higher Edu-'
cation, .This has been described already:
in.the ADVDRTISER. ate By
“Tiffany & Co., the Tiffany Glass andi
Decorating Company and Louis, C,; Tits
tany get many prizes. The Tiffany fac-
torles aro at Forest Hill, in this ‘city.
Tho Ziffany peoplo receive awards. in tho:
Department of Liberal Arts, in the De-;
partment of Electricity, in the Depart-’
nent of Forestry and Fisheries and. in,
che Department of Varied Industries. . +
‘Tho _Edjaqu..-Phonograph~ Company,:
which Manufactures from the inventions:
ot2Thomas A. Edison, of West Orange,
wing a prize in the Department’ of ‘Elec-
tricity, N84 Z
i The Fairfield Dairy Company, whose
extensive farm 13 fn. Caldwell. Township,
‘and whose office is at Montclair, wins a
prize in the Department of Agriculture.
‘Phe Fairfiold Company was selected by.
the United States Goyernment to repre-
gent dairying at the exposition. It pre-
pared an exhibit censisting of twenty-two
large photographs, showing scenes~about
tho farm and-stabies and two lay figures
of, wax representing milkmen in the unl-,
form of the company at work. The com-
pany his been shipping milk to. Paris all
summer, supplying the United States offi-
clals there. /
fa ‘Am Enst Newark Winner. - :
One of the prizes in the Department of
‘Varied Industries goes to the Stewart:
Hartshorn Company, whose factory is th”
East Newark. The company sent a fine:
exhibit of shrde rdilers and accessories’,
to the exposition. It was in chargé of the;
head of the-concern, Stewart Hartshorn;
-Wwho is still in Paris. Pod na ee
{The Woodside Patent Calf Manutactur-
jing Company, of this cityswing a prizé ii
‘The company was encouraged by its -suc-} ee a
(cess at the ‘Chicago World's Fair, to pte; | ares
Rare. an exhibit of patent and --nanielle
leathér, ‘This was taken to Paris-by ;Ar-
yond Schmoll, the: president of the: coms,
ny. Mr. Schmoll has just retyrned:trom fit
Paris“and he. was much grattti hid! [das
morning to,learn, from the- ADVERTISER,
mitithe} applicant to inspect ati scr
ye. bopks ‘and ‘papers of the company, on; tho,
Jate*ot} October, -1896,: whén ho/bought;:the,
afock’ he: holds. cHo saya:.that ijn ;the gear)
part of 809 ‘the, company wes very!succosatul,
and‘pald a ‘dividend of 1° per cent.‘ a month)
fontthe\ capital stock of $200,000, .Since:.t!
year,ch¢ :says,'it has pald ‘no, dividend. cin
is90:the: company was dissolvai?and the. Na:
“Gramophone Company. nf” New. Yt
rmeéd the applicant nov-consenting: to;
arrougemant, ; 33
ays ‘that’ the directors made-no-sale of!
the of the former company,’ but merely
}transferyed' them to the new organisation. The}
Gpplicant. asked for -information. after: the:
transfer and-says that it was refused, .There-!
fore;she: asks for an‘ inspection ‘of the books}
(a4
iWaldo G. /Morse, in oppositio :
fall-of “the affairs of the company: had. been}
conducted tn’ an opes fashion: The.new. stock)
was sready for-transfer at the ratecof; $60-a'
rel
0
‘f@hare;‘sJAn offer was. made to the app!
cent’ Oce-
eres ve a
iat could Se
fein’ ihe ‘Drona“atedot,y
of Maury Smith, in i872 Me, a
smanager of the’ conso! dated telat
‘graph. ‘lines then in oppositio thie
Western Union, Like all othe: mangers)
the could make room for an expert ‘operas
‘tor,.and told tho young rustle ti n
srl a made
tho
acknowledged. to. be-foremost- inthe
'=:Pringipal Examiner B, B.° Moore
selected to. tako. charge of tho exhtd|
he; willieavo for Paris on
isos
‘contribution. of, the Patent.OMce,
Scontained In thirty big
iot 2OB:MOMOIB.: 50.226 sAdzede se a
The early patents of “Wizard”
rand: hist first “modelsrofielectrical
Dil: i
Si“ Tey: me; I ‘can Keep up wi
rae ‘om, " sald the stranger. |,
Sworld,:will be exhibited, as well:as th
Fredelp of auch other famous inven
“electzicity “as Brush,
‘Maxim, ete.:<The-firet : ‘electric. moto:
iimithe: Patent Office,. the: conceptio
Plate, ‘Jouepli- Henry; ofthe Smithsonian,
fetitution, will ,be among
‘made in 1834. ‘Thi
iL be: , shown the early- electric
‘polling ‘machinery of T. Davenport,
a possibly with tho idea
fun with him, he gave } hit
7 s¥ou will have to “work pr ‘ai fast ‘
lwarned him, “for our Washington man {@
“in the, habit of rushing. things.? :.
2 Asa; ‘matter.of fact, there, wns no.
Gage. expected from ‘Washington,, ors
ith owire lead there, Mr. Smith connected
tha regoiver. with a “sender’’ me another,
red-vagaries of an_unbalanced anlnd
iaret printing: telegraph instrumon
Ivenlea:by, Edison, in.1873, with bed
(a Crreevrentotis=1
who. Tater achiev:
fiventive genie “otzAniérieans, who,al
0: W I finmediately proceed to arrange:
boxes and const
Javhich Thaye revolutionized- the -mechi
‘Thompson-Houston,
flea
the tnteros ne
In :1837,- when stich. thoughts were reonslday|
H BS
lecbmotive: Ren RO
a htt
‘the Empire “of the Czar of Ri
‘old Jobn- Bull foo
he
Wipe
Peteccsese-; . eas ue
é oe evaalpenics.”
+.
A Mechanical Work.
Mdison belioves thera:is tno
as the telegraph fis
ora’ ntors,. To. prove his deductions, (he
| ores this incident;- “Ono night when
I was a‘ ‘cub’ operator In Cincinnati.
‘noticed. an immense crawd gathoring. §
‘the street’ outside a nowspaper: office:
gaticd the attention of ‘the other oper:
fora tothe crowd, and wo sent..a, "mess
;songer, boy out-to find tho’ cause of the
(ou temont. Ho returned in a few’ minus
ites and. shouted out: ‘Lincoln's * ioe
instinctively | the operators looked: fro!
= ane face to tho othor: to see Which mans
wer recélved thi
“pl |
ha: atc aly the voting)
feral evithout! ha: ala test: i
itdsgignificance,"\L7 Tee AL
Tine panatia inn Fine
ae
besa
a
———— Ee Sian
ass solation - of . old Timer 4!
The. 1a Time ereleurapherst’
jit’ twentlethiannual;,
7184; 19-and 2
ded. by.4)
Who. Wer ‘Ans’ the}
yenrs' tag, Vahdtthes
atid da, z between! ¥
he sreui inlon
‘negie, a0a.8
ic "Hop t) of
Wi be
via rH,
aoe supe’ in a
; legraph department -of- ‘the; Omaha‘ roads]
‘Is. president, and HH.‘ ‘Tuttle of: thi i Nort
Amperioan T legray
TOMAS: A. EDISON UR., SOON TO
| LEPHONES"""S. THE SEA
ie @
AY! Binw wiLt, SOON moe
‘demonstrate that by means of! ‘special: the transmitter'at the rate of one du
fnventions of ‘is own telephone com-' dred and sixty times a minute. “()
. and’Amer-| device would increnee the riumber dt;
ppunlvetion Setican 2urons Asi ~« ands to two hundred a minute, and: ia}
sa ible. theses
= commerclally feasib spite.of the static induction the: wa
%& e@ experiments thus far eonduct- ‘and’ would still be repeated too many.
peas, said Mr. Edison, “have been’ so times in a minute by the, reoelver
Satisfactory het weore negotiating across the ocean. + ¢
for!'the use ‘of a submarine cable to/ “Therefore, in order ‘to make! =
‘Hake’ testa under tthe actual conditions; sound intelligible, the number’ of
@ must meot. What cable we have In. brations Penondea tb - the recetver im:
mind I'am not at Nberty to state; ‘but! be reduced, and tag 1s done by a‘ti
. »
tad soon oe ie reach a satisfactory, chanical device wttached to'tha recelvpr,
|Sgteement with the owhers there, will. ‘which diminishes the vibrations to‘the
abe no further reason for secrecy, ‘proper number. © ane result te that?
t;wvord comes to the ear clear and shi
-» The elongation is entirely overcome,
“
;Present efforts will result in placing: at stiauotion poop lagrrebedig tere ne ‘tala
iour’ ‘dlaposal a cable adapted to our: re Pid it ‘ts eounterbalanced by tie: eeoy:
quirements. ment.of.an opposing force. eee
i: “The special transmitters and f r esa
‘ers for submarine telephoning w; itis our purpose to make our ast
4
‘Gompleted in lx weeks, By. the. usd VRS bs fevere na posetple in order § | |
‘of these transmitters and recelyerg afrangements are"made,we! shall: veel |
jana of other, devices, ‘ve feel: confiden hibit: qtie workings ofthe system." ated
ithat ive \can..overcome’ he many: Mr, Edteon explained that the“ Jength
i erica ‘and
}
the: summits; of::.the
cean bottom - inktead:
t hundred ected
but. as he explained, this system
r be go expensive that It was out et
;. question. By our system, | ho
© probably not more than one ‘a
pwould be necessary, and could it be
P ranged to carry the wird we “up
\merican coast; this atatto ia
5)
rhaps, as r am. an javenen 2
dison continued, “I may seem: ta:be
that submarine telephoning fs bound: to
“take. the place of the: sirbmarine}
be;;8taph ‘in a great measure, becaug
; alcwill-be gheaper and more satisfactory
"If: necesaary to have the station: a -sure to revolutionize the ores
faeo, ft would be simply a; great: enisson’Trates of transoceanic communicat
"It 1s quite within the realm
ossible that a person in New
willbe able Some day to talk Ne
“friend in Manila, e
itters and recdiyers can, f think,: be". .“'By the way,” My. Batgon BAG PATS.
derstopd readily, though I shail not’ the close of the Interview, ‘a curious %
empt ‘their mechanism. One of. th¢ thing happened in connection roe
Monet obstacles to be overcome js what “poheme of telephoning to Europ
Wwn as static induction. It ts, so ‘friend: of mine who . was’ enth
Bye tien
Ftotapgal, a sort of pull exerted by tho: over ‘the matter,. wrote -to-
Bin@gnhtic pole, and it impedes and:in-:;agers of the. Parls Expositlo:
ony with the current on the eable,;J£ arrangements could not beiniades
‘felephoning, its effect. ta to pr Provided telephone communicatipy yy
n elongation of. sy)lables;.’ e~ westabiished between. New: .sYor'
ee where-the distance {s great B AN i to have Pregident boast
ung fof the ponweteesian. {a rome: A. big. fair. The management?
RPS
Eats
ts! own exposition - withouti!
‘\MeKiniey, or any: one’el.
machines. tr
fe work quickly
——
Edison, Jr., have pag!
the mfirket thai
serene to be appreciated: It: Ja *
crolley’ harp for electrical streat
Awhich ‘will not lenve the nvite, ‘ie!
‘Jotinson ‘is well up ja eectrical knowl;
edge. He was superintendent of’ tho,
Philadelphia and. Brigantine railroad:
company and the Brigantine ‘Transpor:!
tattlon:; company, - “Mr, Johnson refused:
Ain oifer' of $80,000 from n*large:Ohtca-'
Bo: house, nvho- Aakers fo- shelye: thy
new thyention.:
--
AFL IQ ye
INJURED IN SHAR
wo Men Wounded in a Ikeproduc-
tion of the Engagement at Spton’
‘Kon, In South Africn,
{sPEciaL TO THE PUBLIC LEDGER}
Brick Church, N. J., April 11, —Two men
ero injured this afternoon In West
range at uw sham battle in’ reproduction
f the famous engagement at Spion Kop,
ii Soiith Africa. James H, White, Gon-
ral Manager of the Ej nn projecting
tnetoscope business, had arranged It.
ho, scono was on tho rocky side of the
stern slope of the second Orange Moun~-
in, near the Livingstone line. About
men had been engaged, half of them in
er ‘costume posted dn the top of the
est, whilo the remainder attired as
itish stormed tho heights. A good alized
c&nnon wes used to heighten the effect,
ad the kinetoscope was placed: in! Poe
sition to take the moving pletures.
‘Through some blunder the cannon .was
‘discharged prematurely, and Mr, White
and one of the ‘men, Willam McCarthy.
of 33: South street, Orange, wero struck
jby tho wad and burned by the powder.
[MeCarthy" 4 injuries wero trivial, but Mr.
tWhite was badly lacerated is well: a5
burned,and his “condition ; fonlant: Is} iros,
iported as serious. F
“
nae i Seton Patina, Ur noro"
+] . ¥ “TQear whist” sigs guns exclalnied” the
e14a bi “This. is° where -Littie” Willie takes
i M id he hid: If bohind ‘the
fom Es EGar 38
exp aniline:
Sere
re
Ie shke~hn Garatted ent:
fot ht ‘haye seen @ huge wheeled: thing,
hrouded in black, with a brass-rimmed
uzzle, wheeled on tothe fleld and pushed
inton a-position that commanded the en
eld; of battle. . Woh.
saloon went-tha.
He Ydischarge. rattled
Ins
hi Dvorak ‘anne!
5 Provectii nelaneape
mpany, and Ham -Ofel Oe
83 South Orange street, we
. Gory” War, -This,
The wheeled “Instrument shrouded ;
black was a kinctoscope. The armed: mend
- uniform, the cannon, the druma, the, ofe4
ficers were all “props” inn carefully‘ ai
|
{
te
nged stage pleture of war, which was;
tobe photographed and displayed - to
Iereduloug Jerseyinen as pleturcs of. gory;
“battle hetween Bocr and Briton, hot from ?
foe fleld of war in the Transvaal, ©
&: Alas for the plans of the igug-range pho- ‘
ftographers and mimic tactliclans,
at Ischarged Itself prematurely, . wound. }
Aation on Slgpe of Or-
i ange Mountain, - ing the clnetonee fam ahd eupoaiag
—_— 22 fis od. by which audlences in vandeville
oukes ‘nowaday are thrilled unnecessarily. -
And as the wounded were cnrried-off the
ifleld,-aurrounded [impartially by Boer and‘
Briton,. the Boston hobo" Urose : and Peeped
To: kinet over. ‘his kone and murmured: th
"Geo whizt But these erseymen are the
iy oe tle, first swab sour Teal ‘thing in the battle business!"
‘ ton hobo, asleep in the lee ‘ofta
ce ae fence on the slope of Orange
i untaln,
rT mon
SGhn
ftEmyktbo
From Hs ‘leitscly
[aéniééthore: marched :out oii to thi
entzos which the hobo - stood try
fest f soldiers in‘ the* Khakl. w
wieish Dusiliers. - Office
| Another Spion Kop.
same moment, just. as th
literj entrenched himgelf behind a low
Yyfence, -two more companies: fot wv
mn, When they discovered the
ntrenched beliind the fence they
ght: cover below the Ip of the gulley
ie ee they bad Aebouched: on to. the
tie howe time, men; -tnke
D ja't3 fire’ until you're ‘rendy."
"uges gSiwhiz i": muttered the hobo-again,
panies it no dream, This is ithe real
; one Sane
0). ‘stead 7 cautloned-a-hoarsa
yy low iteh-accent,: a8
alowiyrrroileds. Anto<:4-com:
iy joni & V/gunnwliguet else i:
abou nal pposttlon) a the’-sunlight;.ai
dentlyzan ithe; mirror of a hellograph. £52264
——
= rape ee
wn
delivered at another part of the ma- |
‘chine ready for the work of. the-refiner.
‘Those who construct the machine will
have no. iden of how it is operated.
They will be glven certain parts of the
i. ies machine to make according to designs
7 furnished’ them, and they will have no
From . knowledge.as to the purposes for which
* Gamnden Sy the parts are intended. - Some idea of
Doiachate Ahh ithe recrecy with which the concentra-
a : \tor. has been built. may be gathered
“rom the fact that although !t has been,
arn LB, 1300 “A process of construction for more than
' @ year -the fact that the strange ma-
{chine was to be used for-that purpose
was not known by any employe at the
laboratory until‘a few weeks ago.
-“Ag soon.as the inventor was per-
suaded. that. he had accomplished his
.|Aobject he proceeded to organize a com-
nany .to, operate. the: machine. Mr.
fdison then’ purchased the abandoned
Irtez, Grant, in New Mexico, paylng
pout $3,000,000 for. the 54,000 acres, and
-is there that the machinery is now
ang. Installed.. The first: plant is to
‘located at Dolores, and others will
let:up at different; parts: of ‘the ter-
Ee ,
tye yo. Paes
_ dolores Ucs‘tn the very heart’ of the
\ tc Ortez Grant, but no:one would imagine,
atte aad Be mito “look at: the: ‘surrounding ‘country,
“Tt vas.announced some, time’ago. t],that. millions. of. dollars’. worth of. gold
Thomas.A,: Edison had {invented se- |{wds concealed in’ the sun-baked sand.
“eret.process by which the sands of.the ‘Metallurgists have estimated that there
‘desert ‘could :bo.,relleved of the:gold'|-18. between $50,000,000 -and $800,000,000
which Nes in-therh: OU fa oy’y--ey in gold. buried in the rocks and gravel °
-« Buti-the:scheme, while.--very.;com-:| of, those 64,000 acres of barren . New |
mendable,, seemed. too ambitious ‘for.} Mexican ground. . ot
success. : Lately, it has developed that | |. “While the history of the Ortez Grant
the "Wizard". has not only completed'| has always been regarded as:somewhat |
his tuvantip 1. but Js‘ getting ready to |‘romantic, it 1s particularly interesting
sput.it,to work...” rey wt Mh
ee _ | | ot this'tlme, when-the eye of the entire
The importance of this.invention may | financial world !s turned upon 'this New
‘be gathered from the fact.that such o:
Mexican waste. , The original grant
process,.: working: successfully, . would | Was madé to Antonio‘Ortez by the Mex~-
multiply many. times the production of
ican Government in‘ 1883, but at that
‘gold. in: this country. There. are thou- | time ft contained more, than 69,000 acres,
sands of .square; miles of--gold-bearing
This grant was patented by act of. Con-
‘lands in the United States that cannot | gress Jn 1861 and was confirmed in 1876.
be worked on account of lack of water, A. number of years ago’ 15,000 acres of
pe arite ade poate a a 3N
this land was sold to the Cerrillos Coal
and Iron. Compdny.!* + .
“HISTORY. OF ORTEZ.:|\/-.
bout this time the grant.was ac-
qyquired ‘by the New" Mexican Mining
Company, but In, 1896. the: corporation
‘passed ‘into’ the..hands of Samuel H.
-]' Elkins, as receiver.“ In spite. of the
fact: that: the ‘property contained mil-
lions of dollars in gold-no one had ever
heen able ‘to. make -the property pay
|. the expenses:of mining and transporta-
,tion.. Under‘!the management of: Mr.
, Elkins, * however,' ‘the property was
:made-to pay so-well. that all claims
iagainst~the: company. were settled in
‘};full andthe grant was in many ways
improved... Squatters were driven from
;the -land,-. prospects. were .. leased for.
;Jarge sums, and: §nally-the,entire prop-
ferty was sold to Mr. Edison.«° ~~.
“The Ortez mine, which 1s the largest
and'oldest-of the ore-producing proper-
‘lktles on the grant, was«located.-In 1833.
, |: It was;soon in a condition to be worked
:quite. successfully, mule. power being
‘used for the. work. It was to. obtain’
proper-pasturage for.these mutes-that ;
ithe, vast amount ‘of Innd was secured,
(and it is: thisspasturage that now. con-
stitutes the great placer flelds.in which’
i Mr. Edison proposes to work.-: .
“The -first. plant of the new. company
$a to’ be-located. in. what {s known op
unningham Gulch. During the past
ear.many.- shipments ..of..the - piacer
ground from the Gulch and other points
hin.the grant have been made from Cer-
:rillos,- which. is . the. nearest ‘shipping
‘point to thergrant,’nnd‘all have been
addressed to Hust-Orunge, N. J. “There
they. have undoubtedly been ‘treated by
‘tho inventor's new: process at his lab-
‘oratory and: only: Mr.. Edison -and his
e -confidants know: the. result of this work.
mean’ repute,::says:«, J. -sa.'| hat the inventor has been successful,
|.“Lo mining men thls'has been ong_of | however, is.quite evident from the fact
the greatest problemsiand the fact that | that stich:a'large amount of capital
a man: like Edison’ was engaged in‘try- |.was secured so-easily, as well as from
ing to solve -it has-been a. matter: of ] the -manner in which the work-of pre-
the greatest interest-to them..-In‘fact, |. paring for the great final test.is being
they have had‘ unbounded faith’ in: the'|.pushed.in New. Mexico. .- a
ability ‘of the wizard -of. electricity; to From,reiiable sources. it is learned
make:good his promises, and there are |.that the company’s first plant will-have
few. people now-who will dare to assert |'a capacity. of 8,000 tons a day. :Since
ithat the aecret-process will not-prove'a |: the. work’ of,preparing for the:installa-
ng treat asthe -| tlon-of the*plant.has ibeen under way.
5 GREAT SECRECY. . imany* experts .have -visited the -grant,
“while, ore concentrators. are: nota |ibut:have returned without being wiser
/new..thing,. Mr. Edison's machine‘ is ifor the pains they have taken. Still no
unique in every. respect. * “The. only |/ arriér has’ been.raised'to,prevent the
man, however, who--knows the ‘secret -|icurious trom ‘inspecting’ the -work, but
‘of its construction fs:the inventor him- vhas: yet obtalned the least. ink-
self, and even when it Is -put'in’ opera-: of the process: by ‘which .the in-.
tion -no' other: persons. will share‘ the |sventor.expects to be ‘able to extract his
secret, with the exception of a trusted: jpold .from:the sand; Wisacres and ex-.
eniploye: who. will -be taken: from: his.|;perts.ceturn.from‘the gulch with .widely.
Now: Jersey. laboratory - to: assist: Mr. latfterent: theories ‘Some “claim “that
Fidigon in Ita operation. ..The only thing ae is_ certain: to ‘be’ th 01
In_the-great deserts of the south and
southwest there are:vast expanses of.
rich-sands that ‘might be made to give
«up millions.of dollars’: worth of gold if
the necessary. water ;could ‘be obtained.
A’ friend of. Edison's, a |
: in
‘that the outsiders, or even the workers |jthat: willbe-used:b; 'Mr: Badlson, white
at the mines, will see of its: workings:
Will -be~the: gravel: being: dumped ‘into;
the hopper:at one end’ and.coming: out:
atthe other ‘end, separated from’: its: #exce;
which ‘will,
others’ingsist that-the“inventor has dis-
‘covered-some new. alr:process,and that:
electricity will‘not figure in the schame’
o-supply
the: motive
aot!
he 2
~ ORIMZ.
SO CONE
Poa
——
Kako mont
With ap pleti fi created. by the com-
‘mercial use of compressed air, which has
been as. difficult of solution as. was. the
| problem he undertook to solve. to make
} commercially profitable. the. use of. the
electrical current for lighting purposes.
n order to produce: economies in’ the
cost of production as well as. to: re-heat
compressed air in a practicable way, a flex-
ible tube, one that would’ resist a high
“Dl
ich;'
td “obtain. : S
this perfect | flexible tube capa
Fstanding the pressure stat d- that
: of ‘thousands of | doilars have: ‘been expend
‘by its. “eeaployineat ih
he ‘has been. oc-~
\pressure, perhaps as “great a pressure as a -
EEO OS
solve the problem - -of utilizing re-heated
compressed air.
In the course’ of his experiments, " Edi-
son’ discovered another: “quality in ‘this
spiral tube which not even the inventors
of it had- known it ‘contained. He hap-
pened accidentally to put the tube to his
-lips'‘and-blew through it perhaps to expel
dust that may havegathered in it. It im-
mediately gave out a sound as clear and
pure as that which comes froma flute, and
as Edison continued to blow that sound
was followed ‘by another afterwards dis-
. covered to have been just an octave higher
than the first. - Edison blew again and dis-
covered that by siniple increasing ofthe
pressure of the breath, this tube gave
forth four distinct flutelike tones. —
The experiment’ was made upon alonger
but of a smaller: bore and it was dis-
Zone: breath through it |
Se
he snot being brassy, or.
soetiot these that come from’
equire the skilful contraic-
ve
or employment of | the,
- Riis
ould<be.-able- to.
_production of music and, that any new.
ade
'
“new musical instrument.
Sy cttaty
"hauisted all. th the. possibiliti sof instru imental
struments.: would. tbe - ‘nothing. more than |
modifications of those that are well known! +
But this discovery stems to indicate that a
brass. tube fluted or - grooved i in aspiral man-
ner is capable of ‘producing musical tones
withou any. arduous employment of the
breath or skilled. use of, the tongue.
The matter has. been submitted to. one
or two bf our instrument. makers . and: they,
will take the sitbject up. ‘with a view, -of
making experiments hoping, of. course, .
that these will lead. to the perfection of a
It will be nec-
essary for them first to discover ‘in what
way the screw-like grooves or spiral *
thread act upon the air when it is ‘plown:
into the tube. There are two theorits:; ‘as
to the reasons why fluting a tube in’ this
‘manner makes it possible to ) produce! with,
‘edim
a _ Single. breath, increased “or ‘0 nishea
tN ea
aT
fe
Thay Relaté to Electiic Lig!
"J “Ing and the Perfectioh;
.. + of the Dynam
Present, Laws,~ 1%
| All the Advantage to the...
—_—
Soven important patents.of: Thomas
Wadlson expired-and became pu
_orty last week. -
Theso monopolies were tho result. of
and sleepless nights ror: Mr:
mn away: back in - 1883-at ‘Menlo
“Park, Millions > of ‘dollars: have .;boeen,
‘ot. them: for the: various core)
thit: have operated upon: the
sOarpon-in: OUD ang:zne'tnia' TENT
exhausted? the bulb -an provided: tho’
spheré of «pi =
. The: throo-patents of” Edison. cbearing
upon dynamor which expired were: First,
. the‘invention which has :tho' well-known
+ Movable commutator brushes with hand.
Second, ‘that which. claimed the connoc-
tous with .the’ dynamo. fleld,:magnet,
collg; third, :a dynamo rogulator. "ci
When eWorld reporter called upon Afr,
| Bilson ‘to“ask hint about. the -offeat; if
any, the expiration of thezo: patents
woul hava in a: commerota) wiyyupon
tho electrical world,. ho was tolling, over
plans in his laboratory at Orango, Nv J.,
Whero he works all day and ‘ate int. “th
“I guess it-ia all- very trie that these)
patents have expired,'" sald Iro,.:"Aa to
tho effect it will have I can ‘make; no;
statemont.that would bo.clear ‘or, roadily
Undergtood. <All of-thoso patents wero ofa
lino with the genara) improvemunt of the
elactrio Nght and tho perfecting of the
dynamo, nd were qwhat.solentists-call
subsidiary paton: SMa eden
“T deny that Tivo hod Bay: monopoly’!
- With them or with any patentel ever s¢-
cured, .An inventor has ‘no .show thoso
days, ‘The: moment ho invants somethin
that ts an epoca’ marker in the wortd of:
commerce or solence thoro will be pirates
to spring He Cy} all aides to'contest hig
Tights to his ideas,. Those pirates can’
‘readily get millions at thet back. “Thoy'
‘o to the courts and enjoin tho ‘inventor
trom using his own. creation, By the
faulty system of United -Btates courts
these pirates aro enabled to hold the in-
yontor for ten, twelve or fourteen years
from the use of his invention. sean-
Whilo the-court allowa thom. to proceed
. With the uso of the same devi¢e}-do there
ig no monopoly. The inven or ‘always
Bota-the worst of it Q° he ‘courts, ever
though he. moy Hol ‘4n his -hand. the
patent, fro: ho Unitea States Go
r=
i
“Take that Jittlo ‘incandescent’ 1a:
hanging ‘over- my hoad,: for instaric:
fought for that in :tho ‘courts of: thi:
country fourteen years. and py -nssogl+
ates and I spent'one milifon-dollara try+
. ing-to establish: my olaims:to -{t;: whic!
hed “been vouched for by tho’ Paten
Office. At'the expiration of: tho, fourteci
years there wore but threo years left for
} the Umit fixed -by. the Gavornment.”.
but last-aveck the genc
Intovits inhoritance from :tho:
“1 Faur ‘of ‘the patents “which
i plred:wero.in th
ing. Mr.,.Edison:3
the system -.(patant. 278,418) of
)Vghting in, which - the “mal
: carried a ycontinuous ‘curren!
tenston,, connected: with: a- consumption:
“elroult-of Jow tension and the translat-|
fing devices :in , muiltiplo-nre,. together,
i, With an untermodiate induction appara-)
"tus for-reducing: the. tension ‘of tho. our-'
3 rent. It:was Jus 1888 that: Edison,appiied.
‘ for. this ‘patent.-” Shortly-therenfterche
became involvedrin-a: controvorsy withia
» tival Inventor, @:man‘from Patis'by;the
“name._of Gravier,
broad . eleotrical-priz
“@ \magnotic: body. exterlar
mary:and secondary. coils {for :!
ing inductive ‘action ‘was fought
In. this “contest
rinoiple : of “provi ing.
the:
Ig {for intens!
i =: destroyed. -for “the ‘reason , thats 7
f.-no--such’ thing in Gus country aor,
‘ho patent to live, as |
*. Tay oppononts were “able to’ keop me oui
nf fie prota rene, patent. Rntit tha
Pe nor aaplie WhB MS humor
Sameent Hi an axchumori 6:
fOr Yon. mata fa 7
7 dg
;thiscountry: that:cti
" were Be
have. re. podr.Thei
y--tho''pirate,
i ; ED. tholr righ
‘inthe: ; tuurpition “is”
sticularly apt. to” result, Bites tho. cases
Great epooh-making <:pntont,..
wrnlch might eo withouraegearte
‘go. without..1nf;
but the moment I take: ane
Uke that -produoad “by
mark ‘you how--the pira:
imho patente which ats’ ir
ws ents which .are-n 5
Feb ataaien es Palate lg
ae Y s-rathor than.
The monopoly. of-'‘thotr ‘bee fina
monopoly of:any Invont
vo never h nonone pigations
er. invented.
fhess
——
ahi
Unran HH, Painter, & woll-known
oharacter in formor Presidential contests
“an this dlatrict, diod on Friday of fast
wook, attor a year’s illnoss, and was bur,
fod from-his homo in Wort Ohoster on
Monday last. After the oloso of hosttl.-
tes he zomualned I Washington as oor,
respondent tor tho Inguirer and subso-.
guontly far tho Now. Merk Sus aud-the:
YY yibunc, Ho was an intense Republican, {
‘ attendod ovory national convontion, of; .
‘ that party trom 1£66 to 1896, and was a:
; Closo friond of Wado, Conkling; ‘Thad.
; Bteyens and othor Ropublican Jeadore. |
"Mr. Paintor was tho first finanolal backer:
: of Thomas A. Filson in the launching of.
‘ tho piviroprapt, md was also connosted
with ;tho Introduction of tho Bell tolo- ;
phono, Atonotimo ho hold the option |
for the tolophono patente whioh ho on-
donvoréd to soll to Jay Gould’ for tho;
i Wostofn Union Tolograph Company. —'
Gould thought it would novor gmount to:
: anything oxcopt as a toy aud doolinod to!
: purchase, Tho local telophone company
‘In Washington; ono of tho ara ith
‘world, was organizod by Mr, |Palntor.}
| Ho ownod tho opora hours at ‘Wost, Ohos-;
: tor and: the Lafayutte Square Opera Honso}
tim Washington, tho lattor boing: bullt on;
| tho alte ot tho old Soward mansion, after,
vward known as tho Blaino honso; In:
‘qhich tho Maino atatosmau dipd. Mr!
‘Paintor planned, -orgablzod.and Yullt i
Now. York, FP. jadolphia and Norfolk:
Railroad, now, a part! to;Penusylvania;
*business in-}
}
a
——
N. X. Bua.
oR
le
DISON AT THR TELEGRAPH KEY,
ve
“inventor Takes Etectton Returns and Sends a
geet a Mosnge at the Samo Time, =
Onanag, N. J., Nov. 7,—Invontor Thomas ‘A,
“Edison, who was a telegraphor in his yowm¥er
‘daysrassisted In rocelving election returns at
ithe Orango Club .in_ Prseies: sirest, \East
i ’ jist to keep*hia han
ore net ad tio not ony took messages:
jas thoy camo over tho Western Union Fy
ssago nt the samo time t
put eo anacribing one that was being tloked
;
out, tub?
, With other members of the club,*,
“nok beat anding, near where tho regular’
operator was at work, and after Matening to tho:
{Instrument for awhile said ho would tke to:
receive a few returns himself, He did 80,-and.
then some one naked _ HF he. could recelve:
nd send anothe : .
Rte isdison anid ho guessed he hadn't forgotten ‘
all ‘the tricks of the trade, and forthwith’ did
the stunt to the delight of his fellow clubm:
N.Y;COMMERCIAL
JNuy & 190
Z iy
son, the
wl 1s’ Younger, day
> telegraphor, ~fistl--nigtt
| mantpulated the key at. the Oranga.Club; ‘i
: Prospect strest, East, Orange, and -aaslate
i {n-recelving election returns, just. to. kee
; his hand In, as he remarked. |: .-- we
He not only received returns himself, t:
ing. the mesange as It came over the West+)
+-ern Union wire. to the club house, but he:
j also sent rn message at the same thmo‘he;
; Was transerlbing one that Waapeing ticked
out -by the sounder. ty ef
a W, T. Atno, of the Orange station of thé
Lackawanna Ruitroad, was _recelving -the
‘returns for the Orange Club, where ‘the
+ Western Union had run In a wire, and, Mf.
Edigon, with. other membera of ‘the cluh,
was. standing near the inatrument.:.
: Well-known. inventor llstened Intently to t
tick of the instrument, and finally salah
/ would Ilke to recelve a'fow returns himsol
“These he wrote out In his boid, rouni
writing. Some one asked him {f ha; cout
-recelve a message and send another at. thi
‘same time. Mr, Edison sald he sucased: h
hadn'‘t.forgotten all the tricks of the trade!
and forwith“ho ‘did’ the stunt’ tothe deligh
of his fellow'clubmen., +” a
Gow
[PHOTOCOPY]
\ SEN
MS
oe November: to, duo
Tbe cerns - .
SAVESTERN ELECTRICIAN -.
oi pce srn Wl tare
OBITUARY.
HL OB. Beate in cseteral cutecprises, Gude gov
> World's Fair he leased avd ran the fiyde Bark
J Chotels dn crecent: years Mr. lies Ind heen cone
* nected with the Rowell & Potter Safely Stop com
pany, but had devoted most of his time ta explou-
“ing electrical Inventions, lor several yew he had
‘van office in the: Masonic Temple, where his services
ag_electriculyexpert ‘were often in demand.
'Mr:: Bligs was also’ interested in silver and other
Goorye H. Bliss. -
Fo the elder electrical nen of the Wert the aud
,detncenmnt of the death of George LU, Bliss... wih,
pass a meurnful interest, for Mr, Bliss was oné
' very first tu exploit.the incandescent clectrit
Hight in Chicago and the territory: tributary toi
Mr. Bliss lived -to be over, Go and hy lad a -bysy? "mining projects‘in Utah and other western slates,
aul varied career, associated clusely with.the eloed: His last ‘trip -West- occupied the summer of 18uy,
teal industry for the lighting business was oulyt when he visited Arizona and California, le w
one al several electrical pursuits in which he ha f° shome sick {rént'the trip in September of that year,
aged, ‘The deceased breathed his last at higt and although jie seemingly recovered from that ill-
Lake avenue, Chicago, on October 3xgt.2 ness, he had failed considerably during the last sear.
consumption, with which) "His: death was the culmination of the tubercular
Mr, Bliss hid heen atllicted for some time 7“ disease with, which'he had been troubled fur six or
George ‘H. Bliss was born on May 12, 1840, ‘at}: seven years -previous,
“Worcester, Muss, and removed to, Chicago-atethe? ~+ In all his business connections throughout his
ive Of 14. Tle way educated in Chicayo, bein a yaried carcer, Mr, Bliss bore the repulation of be-
student in the first high school in the city, While]: ing an honest, faithful and competent man. Ile was
stitl in his teens he took up the ‘study’ of the tele-$}: rather conservative in his business relations, but
guaph ander the instruction of E.-D, L, ‘Sweet. possessed of‘ more ‘than average ability. Sle was
Nis first services were rendered at Dixon, IL;.wheral: faithlul: to: bls employers and popular with those
he was an operator for the old MlinotssimdeMides ‘associated. with him, Althougl not as prominent
sissipp? Telegraph company, He served-thig. cam=i},-in Wis ‘later. years, hig connection with the early
iminy at Musvatine and Aurora and then was put-itt electsical di pment in, the West was an impor-
charge of the main Chicago office of the:coipany sy “tant ‘one.; + ates eee
In 1860 young Bliss entered: the service, pf that’ + At'the-tinic of:bis death he was a member of the
Chicago ad Northwestern Railrondcompany (ae) Royal’ Arcanum dnd the Old Time Telegraphers as-
telegraph operator, and in 1865 had so, commended] '‘seciation and belonging to the Kenwnod Evangelical
hiniself by fidelity and skill that. he waa made suporsgy Church. Beds syrvived by Mrs. Bliss and {jur
we wintendent of .telegeaphs..of the Morthwestrya, kus
He was one of the very first superintendents’! tele:
-graph in ‘the West.; He held this: position “for: 's,
numbef of years, and during “that.:time, displayed;
much ability ‘and progressiveness “ancithe* opexa 10it.”
and development of the telegraph aystem; *
arg? Edisdtt Bliss of this city and Dr. Gilbert A,
; Bliss, instructor in mathematics at the University
“of Minnesota. The funeral services were held on
“.Friday afterioon, November 2d, and were attended
“by a number! of the.older’ members of the electrical
fraternit of thei city. a 3 ee Os
a ’
Tea oy
After leaving the railroad Sonipauy. Mr, -Bliss iif
1868 organized the first electrical ‘supply“house ‘ini
the West, under ‘th firm name ‘of Bliss;-Tilotsom'§
_& Co. . In connection with the general. supply busi f
ness, the firm did repairing on ¢clectrical inst Ee ty y
‘This business “was a successful. onc. “After being h
‘burned out ‘in the Chicago’ fire o} We “Mg, Blissi§
‘bought’ out ‘the ‘interests of LG, ‘Tillotsbty, and: 8
: ’ ;
steceD raanised. i seasipidiedpareaies hm Boeke COI ;/
mate “pany med and. the-Gedrge H. Bliss Manalacturing: f
company. In this company and ‘several other cn-
terprises he was associated: with FE. B. Chandler
oy and other well-known electrical pioneers! The busi-
“ness gradually dropped away, the stock of imcr- §
* chandise was oniered by a ‘sedond tire, and the
company finally sold out to the Western Electric
Manufacturing company, orgaaized, byt a short time
previous." oe eric Wenrauan | :
“About this period (1875-77) Mr. Bliss took up
veral electrical inventions, one of which wag the
Edison clectric pen. He pushed this-article vigor-
usly and sent the late Col. George: L, Beetle to
Paris to‘exploit it:there; However, his: anticipa-
ions.were not realized and soon afterward he en-
‘tered the employment of the Western Electric Manu. §
acturing company as general agent. He «had
harye of the sales department of this company, now
‘the Western Electric company; for vasnumber of §
years, ta te ee aN
«Mr. Bliss had become associated: with Mr: Edi-
son's inventions and’ interests. at an carly period,
and when conipanies, were formed. to, exploit: the
newly invented incandescent lamp he was *sum-
‘ moned to .Mr. Edison’s laboratory at Menlo Park
*. > to become instructed.in the new -system, with the §
idea of establishing a western agency. In Decem-
ber, 1881, Mr. Bliss opened ‘up ‘his. office ‘in the
Major block, af the corner of La Salle and Mon-
roe strects, where he acted as representative of the
.“ Edison Electric Light company ‘and the- Edisoh
‘company for Isolated Lighting. During his agency
in pie a 1882, the first incandescent-lighting plant F
in the West was installed in the old?Rand-& Mca.&
"Nally building. The new residence of J..W. Doane
: on Prairie avenue was: soon - afterward provided
ewwith a7§ 26-candlepower lamps, current being -sup-
plied from an isolated plat in the baru,’ ‘This was
_ the first residence in the United States, to.be lighted
«exclusively by electricity, 9: "8 on Mee es
v + On June 1, 1882, the Western Edisoi Light.com-
pany was organized to. supersede Mr, Bliss’ agency,
but that gentleman was made. the first general super-
_ intendent, a Rosition which he held _for three years
and.a ‘half, While agent for, the Edison. interests,
‘and during his connectién with the Western Edi-:
su company, Mr, Bliss probably did as much as, if,
not: more: than, aay other man_ in‘ tie’ establishment
yf'a practical electrical-lighting system in the city of
At'that time the sect oliguae industry ~
was at about the same stage in its development as
the application of clectricity to automobiles is to-day
and: Mr, ‘Bliss’ engineering ability‘and faith in the
"new enterprise did much toward establishing the
industry on a firm basis in the West. It was during
his connection with the Western Edison company -
that ‘the: first central-station plant inthe United -
States was put.in operation at Appleton, Wis. ‘The -
first theater to be lighted by electricity was also -
wired by the company while Mr. Bliss was general
superintendent, ©: Bo toe a WH a
: After his retirement from the Edison company ins
1886 Mr.’ Bliss became engaged jn various enter- \-
prises in Chicago and the West. At. one time he
Chicago manager” of the: Johuson ‘Electric :
Service :company: of Milwaukee, and afterward
built the electricystreet-sallway system in Dub
He’ was interested “in. the. Electrical ®
d hag, been: connected with
sghildren,~Mret, Grace f, -Mellop, Julian PB. and
SS eee ee et
Ubicago,1! 1.-Inter-Ocean
NOV 14 1900
EDISON'S LAST DEVICE]
a pis
roblem of’ Reheating Compressed’
Air Said.to,Be Solved.
z
7 eta!
mores 7
: on LST Serer”
|Dincovery. May Prove of. Equal Impor-
jo. s:tance with Phat, of;Sir Wiles:
yin a . Mant Bessemer. “57.6”
t
(Copyright, 1900, ‘by the Philadelphin Press.)
}. NBW YORK, 'Nov.'13.—It Edlson has real-
ly perfected,‘ns he claims to have done, an
apparatus which-wectires a satisfactory and
economical refenting of compressed air, his:
jfoventton . may. ‘have. quite:as important a-
‘bearing upon the commercial development of,
‘this energy.as some.of hla apparatus had in
“the commercial, utllization ; 0 , electricity.
Willian L. Saunders, the editor of the tech-
‘nteal;mngaziné devoted to the sclentife and
‘gommicrélal exposition’ of compressed alr, bas
‘pean for somo time confident that Edison was
‘approaching this dificult problem in a man-
ner that:gave promise.cf a satisfactory solu-
thom oftte; ae ate ae one feath
~,,Ong.of. the chlof: drawbacks, perhaps the.
‘onl maining one that 1s important dn ‘the
commercial, use of compressed alr appara-
(us; has been thedlfMiculty In reheating the
‘alr‘after' compression as weil as the consid-
erable expengo and waste which all the re-
heating apparatus up to this time has en-
tailed. :It: was, invfact, Mr. Saunderg wha.
‘called Edison's attention -p year. or. two aga.
to: this, vexntious. problem, anying to the ine.
yentor that if. he could discover & method of.
reheating compressed ig that would be eco-,'
nomical, sate, ,and’ satisfactory, he would *
‘do the final thing‘necesaary for the placing:
‘or. this. enorgy [n'ctmthecial use in‘success~"
“{ur:-competition ‘with’ some of the: uses to”
‘whidhelectricity has been applicd, and also.
itacadany other-employmenta for which clec-,
Furicity. or electrical apparatus I tas;
factory. : oan
pecs
: i.
» Used in Rapid 7
, McDonald, who is today :
greatest single contract. givon by any Cors,
iporation anywhere in the world, in speaking:
\ottompresedd. alt and” its relation to. the,
"yapid-transit”eyatota ‘of New" York, ‘gald.to.
tha ‘rapid ‘transit ¢ommiilasionors al fow day
ipgo that he had d6éided :to-place,at.vadi
‘points along. the: Mne compressed alr plan’
"Fie ‘had come t6:that conclusion becaus'
ay ‘carrylug.the
risieeres =
Compressed alr}:
were ph
averak Inclden- |
piace-cfgtbawDy | -oning ‘in all fields of Induatrial energy.”
ytor*tompressed alr injit D
patruction.-..!/) of New. York, ~
I]a sclentist
Ho therefére‘annaunces to the rapid-tran-
_sit ‘commisstoners that he hos atready tn-
Rtalled a large comprossed-alr plant at Union
aquare which will operate all of the machin-
‘ery, between the city hall and Forty-Second
gtroet, and it Forty-Second streot hohas in-
stalled another, and further up town pro-
poses; wlien the work 1s suMciently ad-
vanced, to install sovoral more,
---Here, then, We havo tho greatest, of con=
ctracts..and Jargost; ofapublic works; making,
selection of machinery, that ts to be oper:
‘ated, not by.steam.or.by electric energy, but
{by compressed-alr apparatus. And this ap-
!paratus would bo “dporated at considerably
} reduced: cost and there would be 8 perfect
rand economical means for reheating the
compressed air. . . .... 5
Ohtinese Koot-Stove Iden, .;
i That is exactly, what Edison claims now
;to, have porfected,, "Ilo says that"hé has
;constructed’ an apparatus,” the’ important
“principle of which wis buggested to him by,
‘the Chinese foot-stoye, ‘wherein‘a little plece:
iof charcoal is able to supply suMicient hoat
‘for warming the feet for two or three days,
+ without replenishing... An oxplanation of;
, the Edison apparatus, would Involve techni-
veal and sclentific descriptions which would
-be Impossiblo for laymen to understand. .
But {t requires ho technical knowledge to
make !t clear'to the lay mind that Sf Edison:
has really done what he claims to have done,!
he has performed.a service quite as. im-
Pggtant for certain forms of Industrial de-
\vglopment as any that he did when he was
cupled with discovery and invention in
he-flelds of eloctricity. In view of the fact:
hat some of the. claims that-have been
ade in recent years in Edison’s name have’
not-been justified by experience, there may"
be ‘some doubt as to the value of this ap-
paratua. But it should-bo said that Edl-
son has ofton~been misrepresented; -many
‘of the claims that-he 1g alleged to have made
were not made, by him, although he has taken.
no pans to deny any of the false reports un-
{leas they affected his commercial Interests.
| Mr. Saunders, however, who 1s an expert
fauthority. . ot’ high’ character, is persuaded
leer ‘Edison hbas:solved this‘ problem; and
furthermoro,-{n doing {t may have hit upon
(the mothod-by: which allrthe cnorgy that Is
“forcuul-mirp-pe-utiaed Lor-uemiaveewted eades
That 1s a secret which chemists and dclen--
tists have for many’ years been accupled in
‘penetrating. Four or five years agot Edl-:
son told the writer thatthe proposed after he:
.Had perfected. his method of extracting fron.
ore.by means of‘an. electric process to‘devoto;
Bis attention..t ayproblem whoso solution.
orld, in hls opinion,~to.
“phat preblot Involved tho discovery. of tg
‘method of utillzing or saving all ofthe onergy |
-that-{s-tn conl,'or at least most of it. “Ail
the world knows?" sald Ealson, “that there iv:
a dead loss of from 80'to &5 per cent of tho:
energy that fs in.coal wher it ts transformed
into steam or-electric power, If we.can say2:
that; if it would be, possible, for instance, to:
send a atenrmship across the ocean by tho uso
‘of 100 tons of soal instead of 500 tons a day, at
{s easy to seo how vastly would be the cheap
‘He was not the only ‘one who Intended’ te
work upon this problem:In¢ ‘One of the suburbs <
; peyond .the - Bronx,’
n- giving. all hts
several -years to
spare hours”
the discovery of “some “chemical meth- ;
od of so treating’-coal that its entire
power, or at least 90: per cent of its Power,
can be saved. Not long ago at the Columbia
university laboratory an experfmental lecture
was given by a actentist who actually eeved.
80 per cont of the energy that is in coal, but
his apparatus and method woro so expensive
as to mako the discovery of no commercial
valuo. So, in Europe, chem!sts and ectentists
for years have attacked’ this problem whose
Penpepiaed palutton promised’ not only to
a to him who reached tha ’ :
but also great riches, tai Serle
sind Two Birds with One Stone,'
ow Edison says that in solving the prob-
lem of reheating compressed air ‘ho Rete
expectedly discovered: how to utilize at least
90. per cent of the energy tbat Is In coal. Ho
says that his apparatus ‘not only perfectly
and cheaply reheats compreased alr,’butthat
dt-docs it through the -utilization.of a Httle
oyer 00 per-eent.of.the-energy of conl—that is;
‘to'any, with one-ninth of the amount'or coat:
‘that ‘was necessary under the old’ apparatus,
ipuch as steam:bollers, to get a given power, +
she‘tan by moans of this new. apparatus secure ri
:4he. same power. If that proposition be found
.correct. Edison has matched tho dis-
Savery of Sir Henry Bessemor. ae
It ‘wéems atmosi too magnificent and mo-
mentous te bolieve possible. Of course, it ins '
Wolves the use of compressed alr for power’
‘of ‘all kinds instead of steam or.even eleo-
tricity, Whether that is to be commercially:
practicable in all directions can only be jle--
‘tormined by tests, If the “tests aro satls-.
factory it seoiz. probable that we are upoi :
tha-eve of a vast revolution tending greatl,
:tofcheapen .tho cost of production ant yastly?
to‘increase-the wealth of the world: Bdison4
erts that ‘the apparatusiieralready: sud-}
irine engines. © ge
“ Reminiacence of 1806. : :
vit Ja with the recollection of‘n purpose of!
jhig that was foiled In.1896 that David B. Hi:
“proposes a-reorganization of the Democratlu:
party. Ja “this state, ard, with New York-act-!
‘ing as a leader, throughout the United States. :
7Hig plan makes ft possible and timely now to:
‘Harrate a bit of. hitherto unpublished bis- :
jtory. “In: 1896 Mr. HI, William C. Whitney, :
“a ne or two other leaders in the -Democ-
“pacy.‘of New York state wont to the Chi-,
C8go convention in Mr. Whitnoy’s private car.
“That fact was brought to tho knowledge of
‘mhny, of the. delogates from the South and
West, and was skillfelly omptoyed by those
ayho. were preparing to oppose the leadership.
‘of Whitney and Hill with the delegates who,
wero In favor of the adoption of the radical’
‘principles that afterward became a part ot
*the Chisago platform. -_ ote een sett
Mr..Whitney early.saw that the new elo-}
iment had control of the convention, and he:
tecturned to New. York before Bryan. was,
“nominated. When the nomination of Bryan:
gs mads and the convention was asked; a5
“Was ‘customary, to give ite unanimous: in-
fdorsemont to it, the New York delégation!
Spulked, nor did tt unite with the others to:
jnako that nomination unanimous. On the:
yay back. Mr. Hill determined. that/at os:
carly .2.day as practicable he would havo,
‘tha New York Democracy’ meet 1n convens*
Ketan, reaffirm: the” gold-standard resolution
[}which@had-been sdopted at tho convention
iwhich’ elected ‘delegates ‘to the Chicago con-
véntlon, Indorse the proposed nominations of
——
Loge Ww . riate tan
thé Indlanarolla convention, und thorehy
make the New York Democracy stand for the
regularity ‘of :tho Indtanapolis party.
Flower and Whitney Holted, :
Mr. Hill’s control over the Democratic
organizatlon was strong efough to enahie
him ;to accomplish that purpoge, hnd it not
been for an accident. Before his pians had
been thoroughly formulated, Roswell P.
; Flower and William C. Whitney, and one
or two others upon whose co-operation he re-
lied \had not only reprdated the Chicago
‘platform, but were Indirectly at least adyo-
cating the election ct McKinley. As Mr, -
Hilt relied upon Governor Flower’s Influence,’
which was very great with the Democracy of:
Now, York etatc, this unexpected and awift,
rsition on the part of Flower completely dis-!
concerted him, and. at tha Namontatie-ntara:
‘cunvanticn, held in Soptember, a .perfunc
tory, latless, insincere declaration of ap-
proval of the Chicago platform was carried,’
Hllt-had no part in that convention nor any”
in-the canvass that followed It. 23
Had his plan been carried to cuccess the
| Palmer and Buckyer Democracy would have
-had' control of the Democratic machinery in
New ‘York, and probably fotlowing this ex-
ample the Democratic machine in other Enast-
ern states would in the same way have passed
SOVillard's Hypnotic Power. - ake
‘In the reviews of the Ifo of the Inte Henry"
Villard, most of which havo been Just and
kindly, no mention was made of a pecullar
quality posstased by Mr. Villard, which was
held by financiers to explain in great mens-
ure his remarkable influence as A financier.
“Fhe blind pool which Mr. Villard organized
ig-spoken of.as {Hustrating tho confidence:
that, men otf the highest ability placed In him.”
Yet that blind pool was due not so much to
confidence In Mr. Villard as toa mystic fas-
clnation which in the days: of his health
and. mental vigor he seemed ablo to exer:
‘else over m2n oven with tho strongest in-
tellect. It has been spoken of as almost
nypnotic.
One of the ablest financlers in this city in|
speaking of Mr. Villard to the writer sald:
that he once. had an extraordinary experl-
once withhim. Villard hada business propo-
ition of much tmportance in which he
wished to intorest this financier. One day
by, appointment the two men met. a
‘guadenly I found myself completely under
no certain mesmeric influence whereby I was
roady to agree to every proposition Mr. Vil-
Jard mado,” ho.said. “I saw it ag he saw it;
1 seemed -to think as he thought, and my
impression Is that if his attention had not
Into ta contro} of the gold Democracy. That | poen diverted for a moment by tho coming
would, have In ail probabliity made the nom- “tn of the office boy I should have agreed to
ization of Bryan at Kanans City thiasumimer his proposition and committed myself
by''tHg Demaekacy impossible, and It was’the ‘gnanclally to hia plan. In that brief Inter-
convention ‘of 1900 that Hit} hadin view when = yal ‘of intorruption I realized that I nad
‘he corosived this plan. . ae aa “bean overperauaded by & psychic force, the
It fs upon tho lines that he lald-down In ike of which I had never experienced, and
the summer ‘of.1806 trat Hill proposes re- L.abruptly loft-the room.
organization of the Den:ccratic party in New “TJ never afterward was willing to go into.
York state, and will -lay his plans before | “atr, Villard’s presence to discuss a business
that meoting of Democrats which Is to be} proposition’ unless with some confidential
held in this city early In Jauuary. 'Theat-| ¢riond or associate. I dosi't mean to say
tenipt will be made at oncs to securo.control | that Mr. Villard misused this power, at all.
of; the regular Democratic organizations in| think 1t was unconsciously exerted on his
the: Hastern states, so that thore con be no] part, but I have nover had any doubt that
repotition In 1904 of the chief events that he bad a true hypnotic gift, and that It was
hav ade the Kansas Cl nyention through the fascination which tho exercisa,
to00 traditional. ” : ss ventlg ef ofthis power croated that he persuaded so
: imany men of even greater financial abilit:
“,\ Governor Roosevelt's Plans, ‘than himself to his own -way of thinking,
Governor Roosevelt has but little important | After his health became broken‘and ho had
biisiness to do as Governor of Now York be- fauflered reverses tbat Seat impale te
fore tho oxpiration of his term, elx weeks smnens' smental.,\ re think
thenee., Aftor Jan. 1 and-until March 4 he ithatipower.! a: PROLLAND,
will -be in private Hfe, end the expectation
{9 that he will take this opportunity to finish
certain Hterary work that he has had fn
-At..the lunchcon yesterday given -by the
Governor in honor of the ‘Governor-olect,
-Rookevelt waa irformed that John 8, Turay
of‘Omaba had written to friends in this city
“paying, that ft ‘was duo la great measure to
tho caimpatg. that ‘Roosovelt mndo in Net
braska that, thg-.state was oat. to Bryan,
‘Roosevelt's gneeches were 50 informing, ap-
pealed so strongly to tho intelligence of the
great: throngs ‘that hoard him throughout
Nebraska, that the powerful fnfluenco that
. Bryan has maintalned: there -for six years:
yas: for tha first-time impafred.” 27 OF: 3
2fFutuy woe for many’ yoars the ablest of,
sthe-postoflice inspectors. -It wasin Gresham's.
“administration as Postmaster General that
his ‘services as postoffice inapector ‘ endod,.|
Slhce thon-he hag lived in: Nebraaka,
ed
“ Noy.15 11900 7".
inyontor of Weat'0
a. patent for. atne:
meter. . Tt ‘is sald to! be
ater. Tt “a voty linportat
{invention and. belongs Tactician ee ce
class. ‘in whiéh‘ohorploslregotions
Joaliod into lay. Scientific men con
{| tho.lngtrumoni of ospoctal Interest because
of its groat yaluo‘as fn
chanical counting method:
shemical moter, | *
entlon-of .ane-
| do,tho-7ol
may To ras as,
Boston, Mass,"- Transcript
~ Whee BE Taey
Le.
A patent has been granted to Thomas A. ,
Tdlsanatorse now. type’ of electriclty*meter ;
-DOlonging to! the class.in- which chemical
reactlons:are called. info‘play.. Two lnc;
‘electrodes ‘of equal, wolght’ are: suspended’;
from a scale beam, each’ in a cell contains y
ing.zino sulphato: solutio! . By 2 suitable |
“phunt’ as small’ but, definite proportion’ of-
tho-current:-to-bo*moasured- is-vont-through~
this apparatus so.that whilo ono electrode ,
dissolves away the | other Increases’ in +
wolght. This causes the scale beam to tip;
and, when ‘a certain definito difference in“
weight !s reached, to let. one tooth of:.a°:
wheel ‘belonging to a small train of clock-.:
-work pass, at the same timo throwing. o
switch which reverses the current flowing «
through the instrument. This reversal. .
“causes the scalo beam, in time, to tip the ;
other way, and tho clockwork'to move on
by another tooth. Upon the clockwork are
mounted tho usual dinls, such as aro found
on the famillar.gas meter, which register
‘the number of. excursions - of the ‘scale
| beam. As these may be: made to corre-
spond each to a definite quantity. of .cur-
y rent passed by the apparatus tho Indicd-
tlons of the dial give a measurement of the
total current. “Tho instrument is especlally—
Interesting a9.on.application=o Mechanical
J-countitig, methods, -to” the old” chemical
‘meter., »
prcwian Iceseeree eed
——
(Entered at the Post Ofice of Now York, N. ¥., as Second Class Matter. Copyright, 10, by Munn & Co.) 3
A WEEKLY JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL INFORMATION, ART, SCIENCE, MECHANICS, CHEMISTRY, AND MANUPACTURTS,
Vol EXXXUIN0, 25;] rt NEW YORK, DECEMBER 29, 1900,’ 8 OuNTTS A CORY.
zit aD ta ec Se es er Neon ss | BLORNTH (ALCOR Ys,
AST i"
ae
‘fn
et Nag itt
i Wrrerting the Heneras ; ; iP : Dearest Testing the Phonographs, : t ssid]
= THE MANUFACTURE OF EDISON PHONOGRAPH BECORDS.—(See page 800.]
a
5
” present an illustration.
390
THE MANUFACTURE OF EDISON PHONOGRAPH
REGORDS,
The Edison phonograph has hecome such a familiar
object in our modern home hfe, and its mechanisw, in
spite of ita marvelous ingenuity, isso straightforward
and,ensily dnderstood, that it is difficult, in giving a
description of this prince of toys, to tell the multitudi-
hous possessors of them anything that they did not
know before,. If one were asked to naie the particu-
tar part of the phonograph which possessea the great-
est interest and which is the most essential to its suc-
cess, he would have to mention the cylinder of wax
upon which the waves of sound are cut by the dainty
little sapphire turning-toolfknown as the stylus,
- The great growth in popularity of the pliono-
graph, and the necessity for keeping the {owners sup-
plied with fresh “‘Hterature,” bas caused the mere
work of manufacturing the records to assume truly
enormous proportions, Evidence of this is shown in
the storage room of the Edizon Phonograph Works, in
which are to be found tier upon tierof storage “bins,”
whose contents represent records of 8,000 distinct sub-
jects, or nearly half a million wax cylinders fn all.
The first process in the manufacture of records takes
place in the melting room, where the proper constitu-
ents to forin thespecial grade of wax employed in mik-
ing the records are brought together aud melted in
several large vats, each of which contains about 1,000
pounds. There aro three meltings in all, and between
each the fluid is carefully strained to remove any hard
or gritty impurities which it might contain; for it is
evident that the presence of foreign substances, even a
few purticles of fine dust, wight easily produce fatal
irregularities in the grooves of- the record. ‘Tho first
two meltings take place in the melting room, and the
third in the moulding and shaping room, of which we
On entering this room, the
most conspicuous feature is several lnrge, circular, ro-
tating tables, set around the periphery of which is a
number of round, iron pins which forw.the core of the
mould, Concentricatly around each of these ping is
placed a brass sleeve. The wax is taken from the
melting vats in acan and poured into the moulds in
the manner shown in our illustration, ‘The tables are
constantly rotated, thus bringing the moulds, which
cool very rapidly, round to the workers on the opposite
side of the table, where the wax cylinders are removed,
Tho moving table brings the empty moulds back to
the starting point, where they are again filled from the
pouring can, The cylinders are cast with an interior
spiral thread, which adds somewhat to the strength of
the cylinder, and forms the bearing surface when the
wax cylinder is placed on the wandrel of the phono-
graph. ‘After they have cooled, the cylinders are first
reatned out to gage, then edged and rough-turned, and
finally given a finishing cut, the finish turning being
’ done with a fine sapphire knife, ‘The records are then
given a final inspection, in which those that show tie
least sign of imperfection, such as a hair crack, or a
fullure to meet thé gage test, are rejected. The
cylinders are now ready for the important work of
making the records.
It should be mentioned just here that in addition
to the standard size of records, measuring about 214 by
4 ches, with which the public fs more familiar, the
Edison Company wanufacture a.larger size, known as
the concert record, which is about & inches {n diame-
ter. The advantage of the larger size is that the
grooves are longer and the curves of the depressions
are of longer radius, with the result that the ball-point
of the reproducer is able to follow the grooves more
closely and give a more perfect reproduction of the
sound waves. .
One of the upper floors of a large building in the
record department is divided into a number of rooms,
in which the specialists who are employed by the Edi-
son Phonograph Works are kept steadily at work .
speaking, playing or singing into the recording ma-
shines. One of our itlustrations shows the methods
adopted in producing solo records, whether instru-
mental or vocal. In this case the violinist stands with
his instrument fimmediutely and closely in front ‘of
three converging horny, each of which connects with a
recording phonograph. The only difference between
a recording and a reproducing phonograph is in the’
nature of the little sapphire tool by which the dia-
phragm rests upon the wax record, In taking the
record, the “recording stylus” is used, and in repro-
ducing the record, the “reproducing ball” is substi-
tuted. The difference between the stylus and the ball
is that the point of the stylus ia cup-shaped and
ground to a fine cutting edge, which, as it travels over
the surface of the wax cylinder, ts driven wore or less
deeply into the material, and turns off a shaving which
varies in thickness, according to the quality of the
sound waves which fall upon the diaphragm. It is ex-
* tremely interesting to watch the endless stream of fine
hair-like turnings which falls from the little tool while
the record is being made. One of the first things
that strikes a visitor to the record room is the rapidity
with which the artists sing, the speed being much
greater than that to which one fs accustomed In o
music hall or opera house, Moreover, the songs are
> thon of a defect,
* try (England) have devised a lady's motor bicycle.
Scientific Americ,
sung with the full power which would be used before
a public audiences, As soon as the record is made, it is
taken off the mandrel and placed in a phonograph
and reproduced to test its quality. If there is the
slightest defeot, it is, of course, rejected.
Among the most popular records are those of band
musiy, and for making these the company maintains a
full instrumental band, which is ocoupled steadily,
under the,baton of a conductor, in playing popular airs,
marches, waltzes, ete, The tnusicians are so grouped
around the phonographs that the volume of sound
from each instrument strikes full upon the horns, the
front row of the performers being seated on ordinary
chairs and those behind on raised seats, Of tho occa-
sion of our visit there were no less than sixteen phono-
graphs on the racks in front of the band, each with its
horn pointing toward the musicians. In this case, as
in the case of solos, the inusic is performed at full
power,
The testing of the phonograph records is done in a
separate room by a corps of experts, who are careful to
throw out every record that gives the slightest sugges-
Long training in this work has made
them sensitive to irregularities in tone and quality
which would scarcely be noticed by the average listener.
It is to this searching examination that the uniformly
high quality of the Edison records is largely to be -
attributed,
Our Inst illustration shows the phonograph test-
ing room, This test is just as important as, and per-
haps more so than, the testing of the wax records
themselves. ‘he work done in this department is
really a matter of testing the testers, for during the
construction of the machines every part of the phono-
graph, as it, is completed, is subjected to close inspec- .
tion, It may happen, however, that in the assembling,
- or in the frequent handling, a trifling injury may have
resulted to some part; there may be uw slight lack of
adjustment, or the bearings may be clogged with oil,
and it is the nart of the final inspector to detect such
faults and see that the machine works with tho abso-
lute smoothness necessary to good phonographio re-
sults,
The phonographs themselves, after passing this test,
are put in cabinets and sent to the shipping depart-
ment; the phonograph records, efter the final inspec-
tion, are each carefully wrapped in cotton, then in
paraMne paper, and finally pinced in cardboard boxes
‘on which are printed the catalogue numbers of the
records, The boxed records are then stored in num-
bered bins, and on the receipt of an order, it is a sim-
ple matter to select the records, pack them in cases or
barrels and wheel thei to the cars, which are brought
by a switch to the doors of the shipping departinent,
In closing we would make mention of the really ad-
wirable syatem of shop management which is displayed
throughout the whole of the works—a system which
displays very markedly that characteristically Ameri-
can arrangement of the shops themselves, and of the
machines with which they are crowded, which alts at
wininizing the amount of handling and transpurtation
to which each individual piece is subjected in its trans-
formation from the crude material to the finished arti-
cle. There are, as this journal has often pointed out,
several elements which conduce to the commercial su-
premacy of the country; and to nothing is the cheap-
ness of our products more directly traceable than to
that carefully-thought-out distribution of the work
and orderly and consecutive arrangement of the ma-
chines, of which these works are a striking example,
—_—_—_—_—_————-09 Se )_.—C
Automobile Nows,
A prominent firm of cycle manufacturers in Coven-
The
machine is of the conventional design, with the open
frame, and the motor, which isa two horse power oil
engine, is compactly attached to the rear wheel, The
cycle is started in the usual manner by pedaling, and
the speed of the motor is controlled by o stall lever
fixed to the handle-bar.
Next year the Automobile Club of England proposes
& nore exacting motor car test than the 1,000-mile trial
of 1000. The experiment will continue over a period of
three weeks, commencing, as at present arranged, on
August 12, 1001. The cars will leave London en route,
for Shaftesbury and Plymouth, to cover which distance
will oceupy two days. From Plymouth they will pro-
ceed to the North of England through the western
counties to Carlisle. ‘This journey will include a series
of hill-climbing competitions on the two steep ‘sharp
gradients Dunwail Raise and Shap Fell.
will be the next destination, where the cars will be
Placed on show in the Manufacturers’ section of the
Exhibition. A short iudependent tour for five days is
then projected through the Highlands, the cars rens-
seinbling at Glasgow. on August 26. The return to
London will be made via York, Lincoln, Norfolk and
Welbeck Park, at which latter place the speed trials
will be made, as on the Inst oceasion., It is contem-
plated that the cars will travel 100 miles per day, with
* an aggregate distance for the tour of 1800 miles, in-
dependent of the flve days traveling in. the High- -
lands. ,,
Glasgow _
DECEMBER 22, I900.
Sictonce Notea,
Mr, Marshall H. Saville, of the American Museum
of Natural History, has started for his winter work in
southern Mexico, where he will continue his exeava-
tions in the territory formerly occupied by the Zapo-
tecans,
An institution was opened In Belgium for the alleged
cure of tuberculosis by the exclusive raw meat diet.
After a trial of a few months, the experiment was
abandoned, oa it was found that there was no efficacy
in the Richet cure,
The various solentific departments in England re-
cently held 2 conference in which they sought to obtain
government powers for protecting the delicate inetru-
ments in the Kew and Greenwich observatories from
any magnetic disturbances that arise from the work-
ing of electric tramways and railways in thelr vicinity.
The Duke of Abruzzi on his recent Arctic expedition
carried with him a sinall balloon, stmilar in con-
struction to those employed in the Italian army, for
the purpose of pushing farther north when the vessel
became blocked bythe ice. It, however, proved use-
less, The duke fs now busily engaged upon the design
of a new balloon, specially adapted for such an object,
which he will take with him upon his next expedition.
There is to be a ceramic exhibition In St, Petersburg
in December. Its aim is to show the public the pro-
gress wade by Rugsin and other countries in artlatio
and industrial ceramics, Only works of artistic excel-
lence will be admitted to the exposition, but also
those which, Iucking the preceding condition, ara yet
distinguished by the originality of their design, forin
or mode of manufacture.
The elty budget of New York city for 1901 calls for
the expenditure of $08,100,418 43, an increase of $8,821,-
440.05 over the budget for 1900. The largest suis are
for education, $18,512,817.60; interest on city debt,
$12, 100,200.05 ; police, $11,083,313.42 ; the redemption of
the city debt, $10,882,173,18. It is curious to note that
The City Record, in which various advertisements re-
lating tothe city are printed, has $503,200 appropriated
for it, an enormous sum, exceeding that appropriated
for buildings.
Sir George Newnes, who financed Mr. Borchgrevink’s
recent expedition to the Antarctic zone, has placed the
whole of the scientific spoils collected by the late
Nikolai Hansen, the scientist to the expedition, at the
disposal of the Natural History Museum at South Ken-
sington. ‘The collection comprises birds, bensts, fishes,
and an assortiuent of other innumerable curiosities,
‘The authorities at the museum will select all that they
require, and transfer them to the experts in the respec-
tive departinents, to be duly examined and annotated,
At a recent congress of German anthropologists,
which was held at Halle, Professor Dr. Klaatsch, of
Heidelberg, read a paper in which he contended that
the hypothesis of the direct descent of tan from apes
was no longer tenable. His conclusions were based
upon the biceps muscle of the thigh. He stated that
it wasa mistake to regard man ns the most perfectly
developed mammal in all respects. His limbs and
teeth do not show any high degree of development,
and he is superior to other animals only fa his brain
development.
The Rev. J. M. Bacon, F.R.8., proposes to make
& balloon ascent during one of the thick, fmpenetrable
fogs which visit London during the winter’ months.
He proposes to ascend to the higher limits of the
fog and to explore scientifically its constitution, He
also proposes to discharge small cartridges of cun-
cotton at great heights, in order to ascertain whether
the concussion will dislodge or disperse the fog in any
way. He has already carried out several experiments
with similar cartridges for acoustical purposes, at vary-
ing altitudes. ;
Arrangements are being made among the various
scientific and mechanical institutions in London to
hold an engineering congress at the Glasgow Exhibi-
tion next suuimer, The congress will consist of nine
’ sections, with Lord Kelvin as Honorary President. The -
President of the Institution of Civil Eugineers will pre-
“side over the first section, while other sections will be
presided over by Sir Benjamin Baker, I.R.8., and
Sir John Wolfe-Barry, P.R.S. Already a sum of over
$10,000 has been collected as a guarantee fund for de-
fraying the expenses of the scheme.
The latest development of the automatic machine is
an apparatus in which letters and telegrams may
be placed to await,.the call of the addressee. The com-
- munications are inserted in the machine in such a
manner that the name and address is plainly visible
through a small window. To obtain possession of a
missive, one places a penny in the slot, Should a re-
ply be necessary, the insertion of another penny into
the instrument will insure the delivery of an envelope
and sheet of note paper, and the reply may be written
upon a sinall desk attached to the machine, It is
stated. that the English postal authorities have con-
sented to place letters and ‘telegrams in these auto-
matts ‘' postes restantes” if the address of the particular
machine is scented:
Clippings
1901
R
k
ie)
ready for the use of the humblest and
puorest infividyal.
The consolidation of local organiza-
ticns and the extension of wires
* further and further from all the cen-
tral points, which are united by the
“long-distance” lines, are rapidly convert-
ing the whole Western Continent into one
grand telephone exchange. The subject
of telephonic transmission over long sub-
marine cables is receiving the serious at-
‘tention of able investigators, and dream-
ers, whose dreams sometimes come true,
are talking of the possibilities of speak-
ing communication between all parts of
the earth in a universal language.
The history of the telephone furnishes
complete justification of the United States
patent system. By the wise provision of
the constitution “to promote the progress
of the sciences and useful arts” Bell for
17 years held the control and secured the
profits of his invention; thereafter, for all
time to come, it is given to the free use of
the people.
“A GREAT MONOPOLY”
is the title frequently given the Bell
[PHOTOCOPY]
ELECTRICAL REVIEW
telephone organization, but it is a imis-
nomer. The business was founded on a
basis of 28 per cent monopoly, 76 per cent
sngacious, forceful enterprise. By the just
operation of the. patent laws the first cle-
ment is being gradually climinated and
will soon disappear ; the second has stcad-
ily enlarged the company’s field of useful-
ness and strengthened its position, Tor
clear comprehension of the proper re-
lations of corporation and patron, for en-
terprising anticipation of the needs of the
public, for liberal expenditure of money in
preparing for such necds, for wise and fair
administration, it is not excelled by any
organization in the land. After an event-
ful existence of nearly 26 years it has to-
day a splendid permanent equipment suffi-
cient for all present needs with provision
for extension to meet the requirements of
the next 25 years, which in all probability
will be absorbed in half that time.
THE “INDEPENDENT” ‘TELEPI{ONE IN-
TEREST,
The history of this branch of the busi-
ness is another story, anda long one. The
time to write it has not come. In the last
an 12,1401]
Vol. 38- !
20 years hundreds of companies have |;
organized and “financed” ‘The most
them have disappeared leaving sent:
a trace behind, exeept in the recol.-+ i
of those persons who invested money
them. ‘The really strong, well-mani:
companies are prosecuting their busir
with vigor and tho service furnished *
them plays an important part in the !
iness affairs of the country.
TIE FUTURE.
The twentieth century waits in hn;
ful anticipation of good things the i
vancing era is bringing it. Across its eu:
morning sky streams a bright gleam fr
the headlight of the train of progr
swiftly ascending the last grade on t:
divide between the Old and the Ne:
laden with blessings manifold, the gut
ered treasures of a hundred years, ‘Th:
embrace many great instrumentatities
earry forward the mission of promo.
civilization, enlightenment, universal 1:
erty, “Pence on Warth.” Of all these [!
simplest, the greatest, the best, is 0
speaking telephone.
Mr. Edison’s Reminiscences of the
First Central Station.
R. THOMAS A. EDISON is not
M an easy man to find at home.
~ During the day, and often far
info the night, he is at the big
brick Jaboratory building in Orange,
N. J., and this building is surrounded by
avery high and discouraging picket fence,
in a remole corner of which is a gate and
nearby a push-button. Once through this
—and it is hard to get through it-—various
dragons lie in wait for the bold person who
undertakes to interrupt one of the busiest
men in the world.
Once inside the visitor is conducted into
a spacious and lofty library. where he
waits. Here, after a time, comes to him
the genius of the place, and go it was when
Mr. Edison talked with one of us the other
day about the starting of the Pearl strect
atasion in New York city and the birth of
electric lighting as an industry.
The passing of time has left few marks
upon the veteran inventor; perhaps his
hair is a little grayer, hut he entered the
library with a springing step that would
have done credit to a boy, and hailed, his
visitor with a flash of the old-time enthu-
siasm,
“So you want to talk about the old days
at Pearl street,” said he. “Well, I hardly
know where to begin. Jt waa something
like this; the central station idea struck
me all of a sudden in 1878. In those days,
you know, we had are Jamps. I had been
down to see Professor Barker, at Phila-
detphia, and he had shown me one. A
little later T had seen another onc—I think
it was one of Brush’s make—and the whole
outfit, engine, dynamo and one or two
Inmps, was traveling around the country
with a circus. At that time Wallace and
Moses G. Farmer had succeeded in getting
10 or 15 lamps to burn together in series.
It happened that I was comparatively at
leisure then, because I had just finished
working on the carbon button telephone,
and this electric light iden took possession
of me. It was easy to sce what the thing
needed; it wanted to be subdivided. The
light was. too bright and too big. What
we wished for was little lights and a dis-
tribution of them to pceoplo’s houses in
just the same way that gas is sent around
and burned at your fixture when you want
it. I remember, along about then, Gros-
venor P, Lowry thought perhaps I could
succeed in solving the problem and he
raised a little money and formed the Edi-
son Eilectrie Light Company. We started
the laboratory at Menlo Park. The way
we worked it wag that I got a certain sum
of money a week and employed a certain
number of men, and we went ahead to ace
what we could do.”
Replying to an inquiry as to how he
went at the problem, Mr. Edison laughed
‘and said, “Why it was casy. It was ensy
enough to see that the subdivision never
could be accomplished unless each light
was made independent of every other.
Now it was plain enough that they on
not burn in series; hence they must. |
in multiple arc. It was with this c::
viction that I started. I was fired
the idea of the incandescent Inmp as «-
posed to the are Iamp, so I went to \~-
and got some very fine platinum w:
drawn. As well as I remember it wi
made by Johnston, Mathy & Company, }
London. We tried to make the platinu:
work but it didn’t stand. Then we !re
mixing in about 10 per cent of iridiu:.
with the platinum, but we couldn't fire.
that high enough without melting ::
After that came a lot of experiment:
covering the wire with oxide of cerium an?
a lot of other things such us the Welsha::
people use nowadays, Then I gota y:.\'
idea; I took a cylinder of zirconia nw:
wound about 100 fect of the fine pls::
num wire on it coated with magnesin from
{he syrupy acetate. What I wos air
was getting a high resistance lamp and !
made one in that way that worked up to
40 ohms; but the durned oxide developed
the phenomena that Dr. Nernst has run uf
against lately—I didn’t see i then na he
does now—and the lamp short-circuited
itself!
“After that,” continued ihe inventor,
warming to his subject, “we went fishing
around and trying all sorts and shapes of
things to make o filament that would
stand. We tried silicon and boron and s
lot of things that T have forgotten no
i
‘
SE AL enn ae an
edt Be
~
SSW ee
‘was what kind of carbon.
January 12, 1901
The funny part of it was that I never
aught in those days thal carbon would
vaswer beenuse a fine lait of curbon was
-o sensitive {to oxidation, -Jinally I
shought I would-try it beenuse we had got
very high vagua and good conditions for it.
There were quite n Jot of us in those days
that used to tulle things over together at
Mento Park. ‘There was Charlie Iuglies,
and Bachelor, and Upton and poor Kruesi.
C. §. Bradley came with us a little later,
‘a our central station work,
“Well, we sent out and bought some
otton thread and carbonized it and made
che first filament. We had already man-
aged to gel pretty high vacua and we
shought maybe the filament would be
anble. We built the lamp and lighted it; it
.it up, and in the first few breathless min-
ties we measured its resistance quickly and
found it was 275 ohms—all we wanted.
‘Men we sat down and looked at that
lamp; we wanted to sce how long it would
turn, ‘Phere was the problem solved—if
the filament would last. ‘fhe day was—
ict me see—October 21, 1879, We sat
md looked and the Jamp continued to
urn and the longer it burned the more
fascinated we were. None of us could
go to bed and there was no sleep for over
10 hours; we sat and just walched it with
anxiety growing into elation. It lnsted
about 45 hours and then I snid (1£ it will
burn 40 hours now I know I can make it
burn a hundred.’
“There we were. We saw thal carbon
was what we wanted; the next question
I began to try
various things and finally I carbonized a
little strip of banboo from a Japanese fan
and found that that was what we were
seeking.”
Uwasevident that Mr. Mdison was pleased
vs he recalled these early days of the in-
enndescent lamp and the joy of ereation
that he must have felt in reaching his de-
sideratum at last; but the lamp was by no
means all, He continued, “I had the cen-
(ral station in mind all the lime. I want-
«i to use 110 volts. Now there is no use
for you to ask me why, because I don’t
know, but somehow that figure stuck in
ny mind and I had calculated that, if we
could get the voltage that high, the copper
cost would be somewhere within sight. I
got an insurance map of New York city.
Did you ever see one? Muny big fat
volumes, full of plaics, with every elevator
shaft and boiler and house top and fire
wall in town set down and duly colored in
its place, T lnid out a district and figured
out an idea of the central station to feed
that part of the town from just south of
Wall streot up to Canal and over from
[PHOTOCOPY]
ELECTRICAL REVIEW
Broadway to the East River; but what I
wanted to know was whether my lamps
could be made in quantily and depended
upon, We went to work and imade up a
lot of them. W. J. Hammer had charge
of the tests aud they seemed to work out
all right. ‘hen it was that we invited the
Bonrd of Aldermen out to Menlo Pack.”
Here Mr, Edison chuckled. “It was a
great day,” he said, “or a great night,
rather. 1 have forgotten the exact date,
but it was cither the second or third of
January, 1880, ‘he alderinen came out
in n special train from New York and the
first thing they saw were the strects of
Menlo Park all lit up with incandescent
lamps. You know,” he explained apolo-
Mn. Epon in [is Workixa Crorucs.
geticully, “Uhut there was a land specu-
lation out there then. We had the lamps
strung along on two big wires and we
could light or extinguish one without af-
feeting the others, and this was a thing
that seemed magic to the aldermen. I
remember that Mr. Hiram Maxim was at
this exhibition.”
Fron the way he smiled at the remem-
brance, Mr. Edison must have enjoyed the
aldermanic visit. He went on: “Ihe sta-
tion idea was still mighty strong with me.
Why, I knew where every hatchway and
bulkhead door in that district of New York
was and what every man paid for gas.
How did I know? Simplest thing in the
world. I hired a man to sturt in every
day about two o'clock and walk around
through the district noting the number of
gas lights burning in the various premises;
then at three o’clock he went around again
and made more notes, and at four o’clock
and every other hour up to two or three
o'clock in the morning. In that way it
was easy cnough to figure ait the gas con-
aunption of every {enant, and of the whole
district; other men took other sections.
Simple, wasn’t it?
*T found there was 760 freight hoists;
“61
like Sellers, I figured every one would have
& motor.
“We were now fairly committed to the
lighting project and started in to build a
central station, You can’t imagine how
hard it was. ‘There was nothing that we
could buy or that anybody else could
make for us. We built the thing with our
hands, ns it were. We went to work at
Menlo Park and started v lamp factory.
Poor Kruesi* was set to work making the
tubes over in Washington street,‘and we
hired a kind ofa second-class machine-shop
in Goerck street end there started out to
inake the dynamos. We went at it with our
own money and credit.” Here Mr. Edi-
son’s eyes twinkled and he said, “I believe
it was mostly credit. Anyhow, we strug-
gled nlong and we got the money put up
for the Pearl street slation by starting the
New York Edison Illuminating Company.
‘I planned ont the station and found
where it ought to go, but we’ couldn’t get
real estate where it was wanted. Why,
man, they charged us $75,000 apiece for
two old bum buildings down in Pearl
street, where we finally settled. I tell
you it made my hair stand on end.
We had very little room and we wanted a
hig output. There was nothing else for it
hut to get high-speed engines, and, as you
know, there were no high-speed engines in
those days. I had conceived the idea of
a dircet-coupled machine and wanted to
hitch the dynamo direct to the engine
without belfing. I couldn’t sce why, if a
locomotive could run at that speed, a 150-
horse-power engine could not be made to
run 350 turns a minute. ‘The engine
builders, when I asked them about it, hela
up their hands and said ‘Impossible? I
didn’t think so. Finally I found ©. H.
Porter and I said to him: ‘Mr. Porter, I
want 9 150-horse-power engine to run 700
revolutions per minute.’ He hemmed and
hawed a little while and finally agreed to
iry to build it—if I would pay for it. I
believe he charged me $4,200 for it. He,
got it finished finally and sent it out to
the Park and a fellow of the name of
Ennis along with it. He was one of the
nerviest chaps I ever saw. We set the
machine up in the old shop and we had
some idea of what might happen, so we
tied a chain around the throttle valve and
ran it out through a window into the wood-
shed, where we stood to work it. Now, if
you remember the old shop you know it
stood on top of one of those New Jersey
shale hills. We opened her up and when
she got to about 300 revolutions the
whole hill shook under her. We shut her
off and rebalanced end tried again, and
after a good deal of trouble. we finally did
run up to 700, but you ought to have seen
her run, Why, every time the connecting
rod went up she tried to lift that whole
hill with her! After we got through with
this business we tamed her down to 350
revolutions (which was all I wanted) und
then everybody suid, ‘Why, how beautiful-
ly it runs, and how practicable such an
engine is? Now, don* you know, I knew
they would eay that? Didn’t you ever
find out that trying to do the impossible
*Mr, Kroes! died Tecen ty.—[Eps.)
L weet a
cote tne SWS a oen ss 5
62
makes about half the impossible seem
easy?
“We closed a denl for six engines and I
went to work in, Goorck strect to build
the dynamos onto them, Of course, we
built them by guesswork. I guessed at
110 yolts—and didn’t guess cnough.
Thats why, if you want lo know, the
extra pole pieces were put on those old ma-
chines. They managed to lift the volt-
age to what I wanted.”
Going back to the Pearl street station
idea, Mr. Edison said: “While all this was
going on in the shop we had, dug ditches
and laid mains all around the district.
I used to sleep nights on piles of pipes in
the station, and do you know 1 saw every
box poured and every connection made on
that whole job? ‘There wasn’t anybody
else who could superintend it. :
“Finally we got our feeders all down
and started to put on an engine and turn
over one of the machines to see how things
were. My heart was in my mouth at
first, but everything worked all right and
,we had more than 500 ohms insulation re-
sistance. ‘Then we sturted another engine
and threw them in parallel. Of all the
circuses since Adam was born we had the
worst then! One engine would stop and
the other would run up to about a thou-
sand revolutions and then they would see-
saw.” Mr. Bdison’s eyes twinkled with
animation at the thought.
“What was the matter? Why, it was
those durned Porter governors! When
the circus commenced the gang that was
standing around ran out precipitately and
some of them kept running for a block or
two. I grabbed the throttle of onc en-
gine and Jo, H. Johnson, who was the only
one present to keep his wits, caught hold
of the other and we shut them olf. Of
courso 1 discovered then that what had
happened was that-one set was running
the other one asa motor. I then put up
a long shaft connecting all the governors
together and thought this would certainly
cure the trouble, but it didn’t. The tor-
sion of the shaft was so great that one
governor still managed to get ahead of
the others. Well, it was a serious state of
things, and I worried over it a lot.
Finally I went down to Goerck street and
got a piece of shafting and a tube in which
it fitted. I twisted the shafting one way
and the tube the other as far as I could,
and pinned them together. In this way,
by straining the whole outfit up to its
elastic limit in opposite directions, the
torsion was practically eliminated and
after that the governors ran together all
right.
“About that time I got hold of Gar-
diner C. Sims and he undertook to build
an engine to run at 350 revolutions and
give 175 horse-power. He went back to
Providence and set to work and brought
the engine back with him to the shop.
Tt worked, but only a few minutes, when
it busted. That man sat around that
shop and slept in it for three weeks until
he got his engine right and made it work
the way we wanted it to. When he
reached this period I gave orders for the
engine works to run night and day until
SO tg ae a Ae we
[PHOTOCOPY]
ELECTRICAL REVIEW.
we got enough engines, and when all was
reudy we started the engine. ‘I'he date
was Seplember 4, 1882—a Saturday night.
That was when we first turned the eurrent
on to the mains for regular light distribu-
tion and it stayed on for eight years with
only one insignificant stoppage. One of
those first engines that Sims built ran
twenty-four hours a day, 365 days in the
year, for over a year before it was ever
stopped.”
Questioned about the details of the
work in those now ancient days, Mr. Edi-
son snid: “Of course we had the whole
thing to design in grogs and in detail and
everything to standardize; there were me-
ters, safety entches, fuses and alk the rest
of it, but somehow we managed to work
it out. At first we ha horrible misman-
agement. ‘The only title to existence that
such a concern had was ils aVility to make
moncy, and we didn’t seem to make any at
first. Finally IT went to Chinnock—of
course you know who C, 1. Chinnock is—
and told him that if he would take hold of
the thing and make it work I, personally,
would give a good big bonus beside his
salary. Well, sir, that man pitched in
and inside of eight or nine months had
earned and received his bonus.
“I don’t remember who it was who
wanted to connect in a lot of places that
used the light only occasionally, but some
such establishments were on our mains and
one of them was the Stock xchange.
Now the Stock Exchange isn’t lighted very
often and there were a good many lamps
there. I remember that one day, along
in the holidays, I think it was, we were
loaded pretty well up to our limit and I
was terribly afraid that that Stock Ex-
change would have its lights turned on
and overlond tis irretrievably. I was in
{hat part of the town and all at once no-
ticed that the Exchange people had turned
on their lights. I-got to a telephone and
ealled up Chinnock and asked him how
things were.
“Wow is it with you at the station?”
said I.
“«O, bully,’ says he.
“Are the machines standing up to it?”
T asked him.
“ ‘Sure,’ says he, ‘but everything's red
hot and the ammeter has made two revo-
lutions I”
Mr. Edison went on lo recount some
of the details of the work. Those were
the days of the old chemical meter which,
ag every one remembers, contained two
jars of a liquid solution which might, of
course, if the weather became cold enough,
freeze. “Those meters,” said the in-
ventor, “gave us a good deal of appre-
hension. I was afraid they would freeze,
especinily in the water-front neighborhood
where the commission houses are. You
know those people there keep the front
door open nll the year round and it gets
pretty cold inside their places in the Win-
ter time. So I went to work and put an
incandescent lamp in ench meter case,
with a thermostat strip that would make
n contact through the lump when the tem-
perature fell to 40 degrees. Well, you
ought to have seen the trouble that that
Vol, 38—No.
simple thing got us into. ‘here can:
along a cold snap of weather and the fir-
thing 1 knew the telephone began to rin
about every five minutes and people woul
say:
“Our meter’s red hot; is that all right -
“Then another one would call up ar
say:
“Our meter’s on fire inside and +
poured water on it. Did that hurt it?
Asked about measuring instruments an
methods of keeping the station up to a
accurale and uniform voltage, Mr. Edi
son snid, “Voltmeters? We didn’t hav
any: We used Iamps. Once, down there
we found our insulation resistance hiv
golten down to 100 ohms; the director
secined lo be seared, but I told them thi
if it didn’t get below one ohm we were a!
right. I used to have a good deal of trou
ble with mathematicians at that time, bi:
T found after a while that I could gue:
a good deal closer than they could figure
so I went on guessing. Why, in our carl
work there we used to hang up a shingl-
nail, tie it on g string alongside one of th:
feeders, and use that for a heavy-eurren
amineter, Tt worked all right. When th
nail came close to the feeder we screws:
up the rheostat a Jittle and kept the lain).
in the station looking about right.
“That was the time that I conccis'
the notion of pressure wires running bar!
from the distribution centres of the var:
ous feeders. You know, in those day:
Edison said with an apologetic smile, “ou
lamps weren’t rugged at all. What tly
wanted was just 110 volts, and not anoth:
volt.
“Yes, we were a good deal troubled * it"
gelting fixtures and sockets and sum
trimmings of that kind built right. Ber;
mann had a little place on the east sist
where he made gas fixtures, and he wer
into making sockets and fixtures for
and did well with them.”
Here the conversation turned to day
even older than those of the Pearl stre:
station, and we talked a while about ds
namo building in the Dark Ages. “Whi-
T started making dynamos.” Mr. Edise:
said, with an introspective look, “I «1
told that to get the best effects the resis‘
ance of the machine must be equal to th
of its lond! Did you ever hear of sue
foolishness? I thought it was darn.
alrange lo lose half of the energy I grt:
erated in the machine, because what 1 w:
after was to get the stuff out and sell i!
T had an old Gramme machine anc
worked over it. It had a terribly high r
sistance. I figured out that if one tur
on that armature would give one volt, ti:
way she stood, by making great big mu
nels I cowld get more volts, J went aber
on that line and I remember I made om.
litle machine that had a small armain
nbout as big ag your fist and abont {.
tons of enst-iron in its ficld ‘magnets. !"
might not look like much to-day, but. :
worked all right when the outside resis‘ ;
ance was 30 times as big as that in th i
machine. ‘That was what started me on
the Inrgo field] magnets. T remember at : |
dinner on the other side talking to We: |
ner Siomens and Hefner von Altent: |
j
!
January 12, 1901
and telling them that what we needed was
a great big magnet to bring the juice out
of the armature.” They agreed with me,
bat,” and here he chuckled, “do you know,
both of them said they had thought of it
before? When I got back I went to work
and made my magnets big and made them
long—made them too long, as Dr. Hop-
kingon found out forme. Ie was a great
man and understood his job. Ie figured
out that making the magnets short and
cutting down the air-space was the thing,
and he was right. After all, in those days
all of us were guessing—and I happened to
te a pretty good guesser.”
We were led to speak at this point of the
recent death of Mr. William H. Moore,
who was once associated with Mr. Edison.
This started Mr. Edison on some remitiis-
cences of the hunt for materials for the
filaments at the time when bamboo seemed
the most promising, “Why,” said he,
“[ sent a school teacher from Orange—I
have forgotten his name—to Sumatra, and
another fellow up the Amazon. He got
stuck somewhere up there but worked his
say over through Bolivia and got back.
Finally, Moore went to Japan and got the
real ing there. We made a contract
with an old Jap to supply us with the
proper fibre, and that man went to work
and cultivated and cross-fertilized bamboo
until he got exactly what we wanted. T
believe he made a fortune out of it. I
tell you, in those days the boys hustled
hard. One man went down to Havana
and the day he got there he was seized with
the yellow fever and died in the afternoon.
When T read the cable message that told
of it in the shop ubout n dozen of the boys
jumped up and asked for-his job! ‘Those
boys were a bright lot of chaps and some-
times it was hard to select the right ones for
a particular piece of work. T once got an
_ order from Mngland to send over 15 men
eaperi in telephone work, so I went to work
and rigged up some telephones and did
al sorts of things to ’em. J would stick
the point of a juck-knife through the in-
aulation in spots and cut a wire, and in var-
i-us ways introduce ‘hugs’ inte thoseinstru-
ments; then the boys were set to work to
find out what was the matter with them,
Ifa fellow could find out 10 times inside
of 10 minutes what the various troubles
were he got his passage pnid and was
atarted. . About one out of three of
the boys managed to stand this test and I
telieve that everyone of them who went
abroad made money. This was back in
1878 or 1879.” :
Asked about his carly inventions before
he began to work on the electric light prob-
lem, Mr. Edison said, “When I struck the
telephone business the Bell people had no
transmitter, but were talking into the
magneto receiver. You never heard such
noise and buzzing ag thera was in those
old machines. I went to: work and mon-
keyed around and finally struck the notion
of the Iamp-black button. The Western
Union Telegraph Company thought this
was a first-rate scheme and bought the
thing out, but afterward they consolidated
and I went out of the telephone business.”
Asked about the invention of the fuse
[PHOTOCOPY]
ELECTRICAL REVIEW
wire, Mr. Edison Jnughed as he recalled
the first occasion for its use. “Why,” he
snid, “the night those aldermen cume out
to Menlo Park [ had figured that an inter-
ruption would be serious and had thought
out the scheme of putting some fine copper
wire in as fuses in various places. ‘here
was a fellow in the party—I won’t men-
tion his name—and he had 2 little piece
of heavy wire in his hand. While the
aldermen were looking at some lamps
strung between two bere inains this fellow
walked up and short-circuited the mains
with his wire. 1 believe he was the most
surprised man of the party, because only
three Iamps went out. ‘The reason that
led me to think of the fuse wire was that
we weren’t flush of dynamos in those days.
I had burnt out two or three and I saw
that something was needed to prevent that
happening again. After my experience
with my short-circuiting friend, I had
fuses put in all over.”
‘The talk turned to-the early days of the
electric railway, and Mr. Idison said:
“Yes, I was in that, too. I had a three-
mile rord out there in 1883, and we used
to pull freight cars up to the laboratory
on it. We made as much as forty miles an
hour at limes. Now that railroad project
seemed to me to be a mighty good thing.
You know I had a board of dlirsciars in
those days—men with bulging foreheads
—fellows that thought away ahead into
the future, and I went to work and care-
fully elaborated all the ideas I had for
electric railways and submitted them to
the board. ‘They considered the subject
earefully and fully, and unanimously de-
cided that there was no money in the elec-
tric railrond and that they would let it
alone!
‘What was my first electrical inven-
tion? You would never guess. It was a
machine to record votes in Congress. It
was a mighty good invention. I had a
lot of iron type, each member’s name being
set up in a line, and these lines were con-
trolled by push-buttons and electromagnets
so that each mun could bring his name
up on the ‘aye’ side or, the ‘no’ side, as he
pleased. I used ¢hemically sensitized
paper to record them and the thing worked
fine. A brother telegraph operator named
Sam—I have forgotten the rest of his
name—and myself were dead sure that
we were going to ninke $50,000 out of it.
He took the thing before 2 Congressional
committee and the first thing they told
him was that if there was anything on
earth that the members of Congress did
not want it was just that kind of thing,
because the only right the minority had
was to delay the game! After that expe-
rience, which was in 1869, I knew enough
not to invent anything again until 1 was
sure it was wanted.”
Going back to his own early history and
the story of his connection with the elee-
trieal field, Mr. Edison said that one of
the first things he went into was a-mes-
senger call-box or domestic telegraph sys-
tem. “Wegot the thing into shape,” hesnid,
“and made 200 instruments and then sent
two men out to get subscribers, but they
tramped around without avail day after
63
day and our hopes sank and sank further
and further, Finally a man named Brown
came along and the first day he tackled
the job he got six. ‘This sent our hopes
up again and after he got the lines londed
up with subscribers we sold the scheme
out and realized a good profit on it, Af- -
ter that I worked ont the stock ticker.
“What were my principal patents?
Good gracious, man! Oh, you don’t
mean patents — inventions? Why, first
and foremost, the. idea of the electric
lighting central station; then—let me ace,
what have I invented? Well, there was
the mimeograph, and the electric pen, and
the carbon telephone, and the ineandes-
cent lamp and its accessorics, and the
quadruplex telegraph, and the automatic
telegraph, and the phonograph and the
kinetoscope, and—I don’t cea whole
lot of other things.”
There was only one time during the
interview that Mr. Edison showed any
signs of annoyance or impatience. ‘This
was when he talked about some of the
daily newspapers and their treatment of
him. He said: “I’ve absolutely been
obliged to set this watchdog system in
operation, but the worst of it is that these
fellows who come out here go back with-
out ever having seen me or heard me speak
a word and write out alleged interviews
that make me seem foolish to people who
don’t know me. 1 think it’s outrageous
that I should be subjected to this kind
of treatment. Interviews, so-called, with
-me have appeared lately when I’ve never
seen or spoken to one man connected with
the sheet that prints them. I haven’t
seen a reporter for a newspaper to talk
with him for four years, and I want you
to suy that every alleged interview that
appears in the daily press of New York
city us from ine is a fake, and that 1 have
no responsibility for any of them. ‘There
are two papers over there in particular
that have annoyed me exceedingly and one
in Philadelphia—a weekly —keeps its
man coming here and coming here, but”?—
and here Mr. Edison smiled meaningly—
“the man will never get over that fence!”
Asked if it were possible, in his. view,
to achieve the direct production of elec-
tricity from heat or from combustion
without the intervention of mechanical
agencies, he said: “Yes, almost anything
is possible, and I really believe that some
day we may get such a process that will
show an efficiency of thirty or forty per
eent. Some experiments we haye made
over here have shown an efficiency of four
per cent, and, as little as this is, it is cer-
tainly promising.”
Asked if he thought the achievement of
the twentieth century would surpass that
of the ninetcenth in invention, and espe-
cially in the applicution of electricity, Mr.
Edison, with a glow of enthusiasm, said:
“Tt cerlainly will. In the first place there
are more of'us to work and in the second
place we know more to start on, bul, all
the same, none of us knows anything about
anything. We are ‘only starting, The
achievement of the past is merely a point
of departure and you know that, in our
art, ‘impossible’ is an impossible word.”
}
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i
{
f
i
{
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j
' First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885. °
For.
From the
| porns 3
PARK PLACE
“NEWYORK CITY:
a le
Brod | nite, n,- Clube Democrat
FE3 27 \90!
7 F EDI6ON’S REDUCTION PLANT.
TnventoP Yo: Sinerintend Construction
‘+ eSeeret Process Guarded.
Sreciay Disrarcn to Tun GLone-Dexuocrat,
* ALBUQUERQUE, N. M., February 20.—
Reltable information comes from hendquar-
ters that the Edison company, who have
been experimenting with a small electric
4 concentrating plunt in the placer fields
‘} near Dolores for a year past, have decided
that the process fs the Proper method for
extracting vatuabie'ores from the cement
and have concluded to erect a $300,000 re-
i] duction plant on the ground in a few
months, an :
|, There wilt be sixteen large brick bufld-
i{ ings, including a machine s op and foun-
‘| dry. Tho machinery. will be made on the
ground and in no case will any one not
i] Connected with the-company have an op-
portunity of Rotting any knowledge of the
Workings of the plant. A branch rafiroad
will be extended from ‘the main line of
the Santa Fe to the plant.
The inventor, Thomns A, Edison, of West
| Orange, N. J... will arrive on the fround
(| Mithin a couple c* months, when he will
{Instruct his supetiatendents on the course
to ppraue. When the mill is completed {t
will have a capacity for treating about 1000
tons of cement Per twenty-four hours.
orab erunyl a shrdiu tuo! a aol anlonot
_—
[PHOTOCOPY]
First, Best and Largest,
15) INCORPORATED 1885
oy
C No-~~——___.
For. Cl d aN
IN
| \ fie PRPs
PARK PLACE,
be CIty
2749 0
| | luteex!
Bore
5
~ Tess
FES 28 1901
ton, Sainte
_—_ Ot
‘A HARTFORD INVENTOR,
Patent Commissioner Duell has com-,
Piled a Ust of the 38 inventors who:
have cach received more than 106 pa-:
tents between 1872 and 1900 both years i
‘exclusive. Thomas A. Edison with his
‘inventions in “o¥a ety an coustes +
and other lines heads the lists with 42
Patents, The second inventor is Fran-
cis 'H. Richards of Hartford the versa-:
tile inventor and patent lawyer who Is_
president of the mertean Assoctation
of Inventors, Mr. Richards’. Patents
during these {tars number 619. ve
;
i
i
$
i
}
[PHOTOCOPY]
, be Stree Fie ie :
first, Best and Largest.
;
farming, iricity;\an 1d. ,80. i 0 g
I farincaa: intinllomss ate eve ca i |
j
Ee
Lobe Vg Lesa a
SFU t to give: thi
if otek an’ ert
fae
yolent old gentlem: as ‘The
‘the great Inventor, and scot
top floor of the ci! lc
the wizard. 422°" ¥ ss
ts Ho looks just like his’ pictures, don’t
“he?" sald one.” ie
: “Noble co
others te tee :
: “I've been trying for years to see him,"
said a third, “ond now I'm satisfied.”
| ‘The benevolent old gentleman was un-
‘conscious of the stir which he crented
‘until asked by a sceptic if ho wasn’t
‘somebody other than Mr. Edison, He re-
piled that.the guess was right; as he was
Bf. (Harrison, a witness for the hotel
people. ; Noe
WIZARD ©
Scepter
First,Best and Lavgest.
INCORPORATHD 1885,
From the .
jones
PARIS PLACE
HeWyoRK cy be
hati
From Buffalo, N: Y. - Courjer
EXHIBIT
The Great Inventor Will Make |
-a Display in Electricit acu
Building at. Pans
Ct
American, 2.
ILLINOIS’ BRIGHT PROMISE |
Representatives ‘from the Prairie
State Promise the Largest
\
Exhibit at the,, Ex=
position.”
ee
Thomee Ti adadlann representatives
wan liv Bultalo yesterdny arranging for
spnee to make an exhibit of electrical
novelties at the Pan-American Expost-,
lion, The dlaplay will be made in the }'
electricity buildlng and will show al!
of the recent Inventions of Mr. Edison.
The Ilinols commissioners to the
Pan-American .were in Buffalo in full |
foree yesterday und were tho guests |
of the Exposition officials. They prom:
ise that the state will be reprerepted
by the largest and best exhibit-of{finy
rinate, and say they stand realy to
make forfelt to this effect.
She visitora are: James W, Temple-
ton of Princcton, president; W. Scott |
‘dmunds, secretary; HH. I Fivans of;
‘Aurora, H. M. Dunlap of Savoy, WAGE
Grler of Peoria, W. 1 Brinton of Lal
Salle, (. A. Davidson of Newton, J. W. I.
Stunion of Richview and J. M. White!
of Champaign, state architect,
After brenisfaat. nat the Iroquois, the
comminsioners had 0 eonference with
Plrector-General Buchanan reintlve to
ihe smount of space required for thelr
exhibit. The stute has appropriated
75,000 for nn exhibit, of whieh about
$20,000 will he expended Int the erection
cof av boubicliny, which will serve 18 head- |
querters for the peaple from Mlinols,
Word was received at Pan-Amertean,
hendquarters yenterdny that the Kan-
gas Loglainture has appropriated $40.-
000 for a cbullding nnd on exhibit. A
dispatch from Grand Rapids aunouncest
that the Michigan Proa-American come
missioners have necepted the plans of!
The estimated cost is $10,000,
Supt. Converse yesterduy received
word that the Holstein Breeders’ As-
socintion will offer a special prize of
[PHOTOCOPY]
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885,
y c% :
St
ea
‘ L ,
re ats
PARK PLACE
NEWYORK (ITY
Mise
From B ualoN.Y. Commerclat
MAR 2 1901
ie
“SITE: SELECTED. «|!
Illinols Commissioners Secured, the }
Original:Kansas Plot for their
Pan-American Building.
CED” emt geal
‘Tho Tlinofs comimalusiongre. to ‘nea!
‘Anorlcan3 Bxpoaltion ‘kept’; busy; yestor-
rtheless’ithey '=enjoyed's,them,
Jeage, them
kat
v' ‘hey-‘aaw| much ‘'to!p
tholr’trip? aroundtis the,.= Q
grounds and met: a” good; many, persons
Who helped to take their.minds: off’ unin~ |
teresting topics.’ ‘Cho commission -sclect-
edt n sito for the Iiiinolg® bullding“and
dickered very successfully for spaco'with
several of the: department’ heads, The
rite which was: originally set nelde ‘for
Kansus will be used for tho building.’
liu dimensions are 80 by 120 feet." The
structure to he erected there will bo quite
ns good as any ottier state bullding and
very likely better.” S
‘She commissioners secured 1,200 fect
of space in the agrienitural building and
1,000 fect in the horticultural bullding.
‘yhey had expected to get more and wero
rather disappointed; but on belong assur
ed that they had done better than almost
any other body of commissioners .could
hye done, they seemed satiaticd.
Ono of the most artlatie booklets |
hearing the Pan-Amerlenn stamp has
been Issued by the board of women man-
agers for cireulntion among the clubs of
the country. It is efght or ten inches
long, about five Inches wide, and in mado
af the finest grade of paper. On the out-
er cover, stirrounded by wide margins of
white, Is n long narrow poster pleture
done in dainty tints, showlng 0 weird va-
ristion of the “Maid of the Mist." On
the back cover is the Pan-American ein
blom, ‘fhe book contsins a concise de-"
reription of the exposition and Buffalo. ©
‘The following-named men were asalgn-
od to police duty on the grounds yester-
dny: J. W. Lockwood, C, J, Meegan, WwW.
B. McCarthy, TL A. Hall, Pp, J. Tobin,
Soseph Campbell, — Herman Heintz,
Michael Donohue, 0. D. Marsh, TL. A.
Hisher, A. O. Grabel, IL. J. Shepard.
"The city and volunteer firemen of Buf-
falo are looking with great expectation
to the week Neginniug Auguat 19th, for!
that ix to bo firemen’s week. Unless ally
signa are misleading ft will be a memor-
able period. Firemen’s associntions in
citles all over the country are preparlug
to visit the city.
It Is nid that Lbomas A, Fullzon, the
in the electricity putkiing. A nan from
lls factory In New dlersey wan in the city i
yesterday making Inquiries about space. y
Louis Kamper for the state building. | famous electrician, wwllt*mmbewnoxhibit
$1,000 for Heistein enttle.
Hl folic adicaee eee
i
[PHOTOCOPY]
First, Best and Largest, | :
: INCORPORATED 1888, | First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885.
} First, Best and Largest.
ae : e : : . . | — 1883.
: From the i ee cee
{fONCL Pree alr @ > ame
NEWYORK CT i" cp . | jONALPRES@
"ARK PLACE |
ey oka, Ws 8
NC
{ From. owaric, No. ~ News
2 0 P.0.Box ; .
Peis (tr eG
= We. Y: Run. 2 ! | lite xc
Ma oe Ia} \ sue
|
MORE row.
E From ’
se :
I. J—kevertiser,
MAR i9 190} .
LE FOR SEARLES.
| Attachment for $3 218. “Against Company
of Which He Is President,
Tho Sheriff has recelyed an“attachment of |
$31,215 against the Edigon ‘d Phonograph,
Company of 27 Willlai’ st
i Lwhich John ’ : Y
E. Searles !s Presiden: 18 £989 Of tho National f SOUSA 8. BAND 10 PLA
Bank of North América-{® New York. The j ese
clalm !3’on’a jiote mado“'by the company : WEEK IN BIG FUNNEL
on March's, 1v0d,whtoh, MAgindarsed-by Mtr, Byte 5
tb iirBC, and delivered to the bank. i aa lat a Talking Ma Yre-c’
fonry Chapiny‘dr., the cashier of the bank, Consolidate ies
afd that‘on March 5, 1601, the note was pre. -l__gany of Cami
‘fpnted for payment at the Guaranty Trust
pmpany, whero it was made payable, and
Miltary Organiznt
i aes
neclal Dispatch to the AY D :
» Pyment was refused; $585 has been pald on ST DES. March 20.—-Sousa’s malitary
a The a of jaterest,on tho nol. 3 ‘band has closed an engagement to play
\
\ The attachment was granted on tho sroudit $1} Camden every day next week From 38
of tho concern belny a New Jersey corpafa- 1} o'clock in the morning until 345 In th
tion, and {t was: served on the Guaranty th ‘ith an Intermission of about
Bt Company and also on the National - ;#fternoon, w < of un hour at noon
Bank of North America, the plaintift eine half or three-quarters a on the dbrarian
aotion, Tho company was incorporated oft j for luncheon nnd to ena th
Sopt. 24, 1800, with a capital stock: of $1,090,000 to rearrange the music,
to Introduce the phonograph in foreign goun. Sousa will have forty pltces with him. +
tries. The company was organized byqeuv- : |
7 aowill'
The auditorium in which his band will”
* York . vo fiy y fifty-five
wa ol hha ytoaea dehkettn we ree ae eee |
rights for the Edison phonograph tn all
Compan:
a
‘dement held by
‘4.
pad ‘} feet, with a comparatively low celling.
7 ber more than iit
elgn countries excepting Cannda. ‘The i= The audience will not num! oy
any did no business fa thia country: dull | @ dozen, all of whom are end ente. ite \4
ts business was ubroad. The muchihes teach of the dozen paid his prop: eres |
were manufactured at Orange, N. J, Sor price for admixsion, one saath pees a
export. RN ie q . m theket w y
Mr. Searles became President of the cori i celpte pala the Pei ° f th ‘
2 pany about throw yeurs ago. At the off fraction:Jexe Mine for records at the John- tce-Chanceltor Stove
: of tho company, 27 Willlain ‘street, the re} |. Souss: wit iia ke. ON the enst side Of on independent pip @tcvens |
2 porter was referred to the attorney of thes :s0n Machine Works. ¢ ve Market, helng Ust be made. and ap-;
comnany, Charles E. Hughes of Carter, Hughes ; Front street, just above 4 Boe @ anld that) :
& Dwight, who made the followlny state- | employed hy the beers ered ation with he Would do 50
wet property of the Edison United Phono- i i Pea eon ian fanuel which col- solvency 9; sad aged on th ania hie}.
graph Company consists of interests in fore nto: au when > e Edi + ged In-
: alan companies, and in foreign Dutents whieh + lects the great mags of Fount: tne enter, FT8Dh Company, 50n United Phono.
j AYO covered by @ mortzaue to the Guaranty | Fecordell Dy ft Hectet ie ere ibied’ at: Tee. “aye
\ aes Gompany. a jnortgure sequren ull - ‘tain millions ot SIC shoes
YY ations of the company, Includitur church fairs and vaudev: a
{ the note in suit, and takes precedence uf tha: = a
; Attachment.” ‘
__
t
oo
joes
PARK PLACE
NEWYORK (ITY
yee
are UGE
Britlnt t
bat the American Comb
* ‘The organtzation of the gigantic America
Steel trust is already producing a distinct ef;
fect upon British manufacturers, They aro”
putting their heads together, like wise men,”
and considering how they may best prepar
/ to“meet its menace, - That. this’monace is"
very serlous.can_no.lorger be:disputed,
weer trust has the immense American homo,
market secured to it by tariff, and the
which it makes'In this market’are i
that it can afford to send abroad all
plus, of’ which it ts not ablo.to disposd “a
lucrative rates at home, and to sell at’cos
price, or even at a loss, in the British marke
Stroyed, the trust would Have
Well as the Aimerieaa market. 2 if,
ing off all’competition by Jowering Its |
; When Its position was attacked. -*.
Help in this crisis has come to the Britis
{ter producer ‘from an. unexpected ‘qui
i
ter, One difficulty with which English stuel=”.
makers have to- contend Ig-the seareity ot
ore, The British supplies of rich.oré are be-:
ing fast exhausted; the Spanish’ suppl!
Upon which they are now-drawing. heavi
will also last another seven years. But now
British syndicate appears with the:nows
teat it has purchased an immensely rittrs.
fron fleld in Norway. The ore if not of the.
est, but by means of a process devised by
the Brest aventor, be.
centrated. till tt*Bécomes. rich: enough ti
einele eich Brent. Tt‘ls near at han eae
je British may ;
& good fight. Boer
[PHOTOCOPY]
THE STEEL TRADE AND NORWEGIAN
ORES,
el Z
‘TO THE EDITOR OF THE TRS”
Sir,—Tho lettor you published from dir. Lawrence 8
fow days since in which ho announces tho successful com-
pletion of Mr. Edison's mill for crushing and soparating
Jow-grado iron ores withholds unfortunately sll thoso
dotails which the mining world most wish to know.
Thad on opportunity of discussing this mill with Bir.
Edison io tho epring of 1894 at his lsborstory in New
; Jorsoy, and he gavo mo his rossons for thinking the now
‘ mill would rovolutionizo tho presont mothods of treating,
not fron ores chicy, but also low-grade gold ores, Afr,
Edison bad ovon then been st worl four or five yoars on
tho mill, and ovidently rogarded its completion os tho
most important offort of his lifo,
Referring to tho notes I mado st the time I find that
tho mill is 5 dry crusher, it welghs only nine tons, and
will pulverize six thousand tons per day, the wholo of the
particles passing through a “‘ fifty mesh” screen (2,500
holes upon a square inch). The present crashing with
stamps in tho Rand goldficld is to o fineness of 30
mesh (nino hundred holes) ; each stamp crushes four tona
por day and requires two-horse power. To crush to fifty
mesh would reduco tho yiold per stamp more than ono
half. Mr. Edison's Httle mill then does tho work of
1,500 stomps ; it crushes nearly throa times as finoly, and
this with only 350-horso power.
I cannot say whother tho mill Mr. Lawrence
ennounces 93 completed fulfils sll the conditions
‘which Mr. Edison soven years since anticipated. It
represents, howover, many years of unremitting
experimont ond a vast sum of money, and coming from
tho “ wizard of Menlo-park ’’ isa noteworthy dovclop-
ment. Yours isithfully,
MORETON FREWEN.*
25, Cucsham-place, S.W., March 23,
TO THE EDITOR UF THE TDILS.
Sir,—The lotter of Mr. J. Lawrenco, which appears in
your columnsof tho °5th ult.,having como cnder my notico,
. I would bog Ieavo to point ont that the writer appears to
( bo under cn illusion—misleading to others as woll as
: himself—in supposing that Mr. Edison bss tho exclusive
monopoly of any process for the magnotic separation of
fron from its low-grado ores.
Lhavo before mo documentary’ ovidenco that such a
process is already, and fora Jong timo past has beon, in
operation at Pitkiranta, in Finland, and that by it two
tons of low-grade oro, containing 31°45 por cont. of iron,
are concentrated to one ton containing 58°24 per cent. ot
a cost of 2s, Sd. per ton.
Tho oro yielding this particular result is not from
the nowly-discovered field roferred to, estimated to con-
tain €0 million tons, but from another part of tho Scandi-
nuvion poninsula, as accessiblo to British ports, said ta
contain 290 milllon tons of such ore—from afield which
had been worked from time immemorial up to tho first
helf of the 19th century.
lam, Sir, yours obediontly,
Aoril 2 F. DUFFEI™.
71h) fal
Open l SGD!
‘
{
First, Best and Largest,
INCORPORATED 148s.
SONo.
: For .
From the
joe
PARK PLACE.
NEW YORK (ITY
I "2am
CLuieen’
Orange, M. l,Journal
APR 6 1901
i —,
From
{THOMAS A. EDISON AT HOME.
“he Grent laventor utente a New
\ Tspe of Storage Bat~
i tery.
Thomas A. Edson arrived heme
from: Florida on Tuesday, He has been
ers fur sIN Weel and bus -
had un splendid time ishing and sate -
ing. returning home in exvellent
health and brown as a ber Mr
Edison takes his vacation in Februn
and March, and he enjoys bls outiss
then ty the full, as he gaes away not
only at the end of perhaps the busies
paried of the years work, but at
MOSt Upplensant Keasoy of hey eet
when the March winds are especlliy
trying te the srent inven incl-
dent two his return home comes the
announcement tant his lawyers are
busy securing International patents on
A new style of storage battery which, -
it ts id, wlll revolutionize methods
of electrie propulsion. It is
stood that the battery is an unquall
:
ted success, and solver the problem |
of great currying power with the inin-
imum of welght. Another feature in
connection with this new invention is
that his luwyers have not met with
one reference in thelr work of secure
ing patents, the Invention’ belng an
entirely new one that has not etn
worked out or touched upon by any
other inventor in any recorded yut-
ent.
under- ,
[PHOTOCOPY]
' First, Bestand Largest. First, Best and Largest.
‘| exhibie
“| formation:
“| Edison.
elena”
INCORPORATED 1885,
\z No.
N
‘4 ny
For—
From the
pens
PARK PLACE.
NEWYORK (ITY
leurs?
From g-inrk, Nut. Newa-
: APR 21901 ~,
ee CD
ee &
aE
SEW. BATTERY,
Tnventor, May_Dutld Addition to ‘Hts!
“ Went Orange Laboratory,
According to reports, Thomas Alva Eai-
son, the inventor, whose home and Inba-
ratory are: in. West-Orange, will Probably
+ ts Jatest_ Invention, a“new storage
battery, 4 the Buffato Expositio: 2 No in-
ibe obtafied:. nowatoe ita
entlon, either from Mr.
,Of: his assistants;:: The
i " its that he hag Invented &
new battery, but he will not give out any
detalls until all his patents, foreign and do-
mestic, are secured,
From what can be learned the new bat-
tery will probably revolutionize the storing
of electricity, By utilizing cadmium, .
metal hitherto nat in general use, Mr, Edie
son, It is raid, reduces the weight of the
battery by half, and In addition diminishe:
its deterloration to one-tenth, Althoug?
not what might be called a rare m
cadmium has has not heen used a
deal fn the commercial world, Mr, E H
discovered the fitness of the inetal for th:
particitlar purpose after he-went neurl:
the whole gamut of metats.
Jf the new battery proves the success
that ft fs expected it wil], Mr. Edlson may
have a fuctory erected on his laboratory
grounds in West Orange, and turn out hir
own machines and reap whatever prafits
may accrue, It is also itkely that a com-
pany will be formed to bulla automobijer
which will be equipped with the new bat-
terles, 4
OT re amaneee
*regurdto “thie
: , __ 1885,
Kea ~ a
From the
| eee
‘ " PARK PLACE
vy. 2. NEWYORK Cy
i Pe f
me inten
‘ Feowa
{\
L
Toronto-Ont. - Wrorld
SAP 22 1901
t
Ta :
Ati
EDISON'S STORAGE BATTERY,
TheMWBe desulte statement that has yet
‘J heer made about Edison's new storage
| battery comes from Mr. W. 8. Barstow,
Seneral manager of the Edison Tituminat-
tog, Company of Brooklyn, ‘In on address
before tho Brooklyn Institute be referred
departure from the lead. trpe of batt
‘{be aunounced by Mr. Edison, Mr. Edison's
battery contains no lead of any kind, the
waterlals composing [t are chenp, tte
velght Is only about one-third of the pre-
sent battory, and Its depreelation low
Altho It will be found, when a description
of ft Jé-scen, that ‘it is not what may be
called‘a new discovery, It Is, nevertheless.
A suceessful develomnent of what many
[se turned aside -as useless. In fuct
this fs true of many of Mr, Edison's in-
ventlons. The uew type of battery witi
he announced within the next few weeks.”
It fs about time we.hvard trom Ediso:
ofain, Ag a rule he dées not waste ae
time and something * usefi) ought to he
the outcome of hix researches during the
past year or two. For twenty years pack
juventors have been in quest of the per-
fect storage battery. Great linprovemonts
sheve been made from time to time, pnt
the storage Dattery Is still far from ratis-
factory. If Edison Produces what Mr. Kar-
stow foreshadows his Invention meer
with untversal rejulclng.
to the new battery a8 follows: “An entire;
has recentiy heen Thvented, ana wir xeon
See een eee
[PHOTOCOPY]
oe
ary
woh
ia
INCORPORATED 1885,
From the ‘
: - ONAL PRE |
fs i 32 SS
PARK PLACE
: hae é
.0.Box
a3 2747 0
(3 | lees”
, From. Sr. Louis, Mo.-Hopublic
Dy
‘A. PORTRAIT
: en why:
His brain it worketh Uke & clock, '
With vigor unabated, ‘33°
fo structures of his arms to shock
{Mankind are calculated. 3°",
aoe eeraiaes ‘
{lalear‘it hearoth from afar, | °.¢
VAnd ‘balla ring out his praise
hile'on his heart engraven are
) manners, moods and phasca.
-p-tthe world: of Hight Js at his fe
«. To carry out. his orders,: *
1 |. J Volces hia av'ry word repen
‘ . | Invearth’s jremotest borders.
:! Bo wlry‘and so active,”
_Or. ono!whogo: personality
\ves there a man fo quick-as he,
+ | 0 ts equally ‘attractive The Hing!
‘ PARK PLACE.
He yoRe cry
eee
/
i. J—hdrerlis
t. “nit
ok vereery covrnennee
—at
Fie
Ps" Balippings: and: Bulgaria at the
thly meotiig) to-morrow afternoon,
NEA TLQMANGH FEMS;
: ‘A gbdteor-raturned’ ta his hors!
y ALEdison: returned to his y
etrany) Kat Went Orange, Satur-
day. plant, . afters n extende: stay In
or! {
ol 4 .
"Phe Tory, Cornera Social Club will havo
1S gheed ‘ ko-THOrrow Might: in Hedgo's:
Hail. : |
they,
Bae ltt : at
Alarcos accompat ‘from’,
anit bek thy John Bottomley, nephew}! E
Se.8let William’ thompson “(Lord Kelvin); |;
Bt} ASHemphy Wo ofthe Norfolk dnd ‘Weat-
er “?Mr,;Beach, of the! Gen
aH z .! ithe
‘Moyntain: Traction. Company ‘of,
e ;Dayid » Young, gqneral! manager,
eth thiJérsey Sireet Rallway Com-:
DANY, /a0g Menara,’ Vivian And Blyth.) Tho-|!
ipartywas'mat ‘at ‘Uo; laboratory by. Mr.
S oni andy WV. 8, Mallory and; William
Bi Hlmoro,.All the members of'thg party |'
wei e'etiolned to secrecy. about tha ‘details |!
otkthe itrip' ‘through tho’ works. ‘On the
‘wayoutitrom iNew York the party. had an.
opportunity! to view -a-plece, of Mr. Mar-
cota apngretn ect cup ‘on the Hner
chland, “which was | 5
plein! Hoboken wpe tnopreasat neg
[PHOTOCOPY]
RVELOUS ELECTRICAL —
INVENTIONS DISPLAYED ;
To show how the instruments worked i
aie & there hud been brought to the conversa .
2 ee Beat about a doesn penne macula, for the 7
7 AZione”~ — | ateuctor Willian Hy Wang, Bete 9 Fzead, In-
Attractions at a“ Conversazion Shara’ tym ad anouneed that Bey
j: i were i, ul ic ‘s ec
+. at Columbia University: institution, “One. ris Benson,
: Ate ete a was both deaf and blind. He cannot hear a
eas “Ghoahs tative NE. Bercehing, “tho: vibration ot ends Only
Ni bit
ght THe Dean, Made te Hasees | Hegebend! siege eerpance wt
Fs tA ae cs a 0! c a e
‘ Light—The Deaf. Made to Hear— . specttors, Altogether ‘he has never, hed
An Experiment that. Failed.
trim:
i
H
|
but. five hours of Inatruction in-talking,
His, yocabulary
- : . ¥ y Is Umited to. ie
First, Best and Largest. than a dozen wort: : é
tle moro
: ave
. a r; 7 oie t ical E whe Sere ee Bpo! 22h
The American Institute of Electrical En- over the instr Was wonderful. to
INCORPORATED 185 gincera held Inst night in two of the build. Ser ite: Wroviounly cag gas that spread
on > a 7 ings at Columbfa University what they’. that came sceming almost to reach: to-t!
A called a “ conversazlono "—an exhibition of very edges of his Slghtiess, dull eyes; In a”
zNo-———— varlous electrical appliances that had been Kinet mechanical volce he repeated. the
Ps x recently invented, or the models of which j akouphone. He said "bad boy,” * papa,”
Foe. CY, oe ot had been improved of tate. Theke wee a 1 ond several short words. Then a gsramo-
=— 4 o ‘Pesta’ Mato: ‘ phono was attached to the {nstrument-and
speclat display of Nikola ‘Tesia’s ose i i he iatened “tow gay march, smiling and
From the the inventor showing an audience that | Dentin, time on the table with his fingers,
packed a large auditoriiim in’ Havemeyer it Palmer's “ fac eimile picture tele-
. ‘Hall how many kinds of spurks his .con- eielment’ int vention the frhiblts, eit ine
j triv a netate, Hundreds: of “halt-t Jetu: etches, hand wie '
trivance could generate, dreds: balf-tone pictures, sketches, handwriting, '
10 ix ‘ guests attended the conversazione, aniong » Gnd the Ike employing meted over long '
S “othe : ° Y nary telegrap :
32 m) patenea Seat clans. Prestnent: Bathe lage oe he grist fe ort io sphicelig i
PARK PLACE } Was secompanied by the German Ambas- ‘yedueed™ to, its normal size when teeelved, {
RI FUA | *Gt"ina thirtyctno exhivlta none seemed {taining a Seroater secotn ee seer eese, OF Ob |
New 0 K IT to attract more general interest, both sro *tronamitting stylus "Cs SUPECe for the | i
experta and cusunl observers, than the An attempt was made to send three plet- |
POB | high-power electric lights exhibited as the ures te Chicago, the instrument on exhibi- |
azar” FO) | theese sus explained apaw 90 aoa ae | | Hom hasine een connected with Celepraph |
1, ires, le me, i
‘47 f | the tilumtnating: x edluni, instead of & lm, }-although the efficacy of the oppliiance hag i i
os in the uF yaa e acne ne Ta : Previously, been demonstrated over &reat , i
: LIGE ‘Abe iene: Sag ie mercury vapors e tents ,distances.. Lute at night word was Te- | ij
‘hottom® ot each is somen metniry trees been maderte MecHeO hat 2 here feo ae at
‘ " ‘which, when the current of electricity has { and the ex, lunntion for the fallure wae that «|
From Ay ‘ Referred dor Tee euerenr igteeesatn Per | | Tntieh induction At wate reg, weeless By too | |
y the mercury direct, ard not by means of PA practical apmllance. " and ‘one that oa
the usual coll, for which reason less power . everybody could understand the workings 5
hoe lx needed to produce the same amount of lof was the telepherage carrier, for the at
oN AFR Nght than Js required in tho old Incandes- j transportation of freight. in small bulk, | i
Cent ecullar colored Neht’ ts emitted Above the carrier, which is a diminutive |
from the ‘tubes. - ft ie halt pucplen hee curtent Dy eeatnae wee that: obtains a |
F green: This, according to the explanation nbove. Along this supporting ¢ need age | i
in of the exh{bitor, ip a disadvantage, but It le the I de t d : of
can be obyiated by the use of counteract- ple the cur is made to Speed nt a Hehtning « it
ing colored shades The senor counteract: rate hy the aid of @ motor. The vehicle | |
reemed to bo espeainily Interestet: ie the will be used for transferring packages fram {
long tubes was the fact that everybody | - ship to shore, from tunnel to surface, and ‘
who come into the room had his or hor Fra: rotk
features so distorted that the skin of the | - trigal Inginesting a Gonmnt ee ter OL Elec:
Fast Gofetcorsted aniatious, he iss |_| Bad on lew hs apatianee Yor whale ie
that came under the Nght seemed purpish permeabillty. An ‘claborate displae of we :
gray, the pupils of the eye lost thelr nat- M. I. Pupin’s long-distance ocean. telephony: '
ural ue, wl ever it had been, and as- war to be seen in model form. .--«s :
on 8 ‘room near the Hewitt lights wore tele stdemar Fens eng chhonograph and |
the akouphone _and_ akoulalion: invented tre me with much e thus am, Te gic: |
5 Intely. by, My Re Hutenisone opp ees ricians nthuslasm, It’ is ani
microtelephonite instruments, 50 construct- {ntrlen\ te appliance, to ge a eed tor. sending '
ed ag to reproduce and Intensify sounds away from home. The message is record a H
and sth presen thelr quality. atte acon automatically, wand when the person returns t
Sate of opera glasses with a. telephone ; the messnge remeniod nee a heae, ;
receiver attached,. and. ma: Kern to i
the theatre or other. pubile pince by. a a ear ae ma
deaf person. The akoulalion, used for sim-
ilar purposes, is not portable, but is used
in the classroom for the :jeaching of the
“deat to talk, : ¥ : ee
[PHOTOCOPY]
| Fisst, Best a Largest
* INCORPORATED 1885.
cin ay
pes rp dk
ma
NEWYORK (Ty
[ti Par dl |
Luge
!
| PARK PLACE.
|
|
!
101, by, tha
perc ACes ait
y.}—-AMONE tho
ees ‘on? Priddy.
lok, agent for.
£ inyen' for
By his, inves ntlon:: £01
& inda’ thi
The" sldry ‘of ber er
Trocese”
“It has log: be i
ecepted’ Axloin ‘that’ these lowrgra i i>
re repelled by the magnet.” i
rer, Edlgou put several’
nd “observed a moverne:
{| Hetadded” severat’ othe:
+] bY) 14, and then the Telrfarens tthe
cathe under the -lutinvence -of- thie. ageam 4
!] luted. magnets ynd-avas Attracted: from tik:
‘| poorer cunstituen: ae this slouldSlh.
i] so Edison ‘cannot: He uungelf
;] astonlshed*at the ambeovery. en
+] Sclentists In Europe: consider inne: pire
sult Of this expertment is likely: t6: Day;
stupendous effect on Industriqg} aifates;}/,
The pivotal fact of: Edivon's discovery {!
the posul bility. of" extracting. specuian bitin
atte iy means of hingnets tog
dem... This ts a fact whi
Hevea Possible ‘before? “It ly
Engl:
mu
(wehbe on
[PHOTOCOPY]
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1833,
A Now
Cot
Fora
: From the
aturye
PARK PLACE.
hy es ay
[hi
When the he
ceedings was beg:
Jersey Citys counsel for the defendants,
furnished a
plainant’s ca rd W. Hayes, The
nn nS RECS Intter bad submitted to the caurt a copy
es of w Judgment for $1,309.69 held by the
SURPRISED TO FIND Nailonat Hank of North America of New
JUDGMENT VACATED,
: : ‘
Inctdent ‘In Chancery tn Sanat
/
and John EK. Searles, who was formerly,
prealdent: of the defendant corporation’.
and Mr, Carriele remarked:
“We admit that there was such a judge
ment, but I luive here « copy of an’ order
of the New York Supreme Court vacating
that judgment, Jt was, slgned only yes-
terday." F . .
Complainant's counsel evinced still fur-
ther surprise when Mr. Carrick went on to
. Tend an affidavit by one of the defendant
4) company’s ofticers, setting forth that the
b nota on which the Judgment was obtained
had been taken up and a long-tlme note
negotiated with the Bank of Amerlen for
® like amount,
GN. Ma secretary of the Edison
“United Campnny, was called as a witness.
by Mr. Hayes antl wis examined at length
+upon‘the nature of contracts made by the |
defendaut company with foreign corporn-,
{tons tor-the-sale-of onvgFAplis abroad,
With the Salé Brought Agaluat
he’ dinon United Phono
oy “graph Company. :
* Westlmony ‘was’ heard by ‘Vice Chancel-
lor Emery tospy on the'rpplication mado
by the Edison Phonograph Works for the
appointment of a recelyer for the Edison’ |
Untted Phonograph Company.: The action:
ix another pliase of the dght heing ‘mada
hy the corporation's subsidiary to the
Kdison Phonograph Company, the parent
orgnulzatlon of which Thomas A, Edison
Ix the hend, to recover the foreign salen
rights held exelustvely by, the . Edison
Untied Company, , ee
‘The technical ground for the proceed-
Ings ia insolvency. The allegations of In-
solvency sire made, and in each inatance
fre specifically dented. A month ago a On examlnuition by Mr. Carrlek, the
similar quit, browsht on slmilar grounds, , witness sild that the company had on
hy the United States Phonoxraph Com- laepoult with the Guarantee Trurt Com--
pany, one of the allled corporations, was ee ae New. oes cant necnunt on
dismissed upon the payment of tho judg: ‘nearly 7600. ‘The possersion of these assets,
ment held by the complainants againat the [ula ‘vielbly surprised the complainant's
!dfean Untied Canenns, counsel, :
‘terest in the English company amounting -
“to more thar $220,000 nnd that Ht held $@,000
In the German company. ‘
tn the present’ pra-"
this morning, Charley ;
t. Carrick, of Carrick & Wortendyke, of +
tae for the come ,
York against the Mdlson United Company ¢
Tho vice-chancellor glanced at the paper, |
“Via, testified that that company held an tne”
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885.
, No.
G chr. why
From the
Jy ,o80l Res
32
~ 2 + PARI PLACE
NEWYORK CITY
ised’
{EDISON COMPANIES AT‘ wan,
© United Unexpeetediy shows
“that 1 Man Lasse,
Aaneta, .
‘Chancellor: Emery, In: Nowart on the
‘sraph Works for the “appolat
ment of
Pitan the Tatlsa CUnttedt Pion
pkravh Company, turnlahed a: serte;
ae eenes for ‘the ahununt and fudlenter
ie (lotermlned effort to prevent the tdte
y8or. Phonograph Company, the ity
osganization, of hich ‘Thomas Ad
BulLJ8 the head, to recover “thi fre
I
Ixhta, uw . regs
the. Edigon United Cont gaciualvels by
ie
Tho gFaund for i)
speclili Tie I,
a cay dehest, a aheat can,
many showed that “far
Bia ta een ented anata
ping had toga tn ene ce Hi
ny, iat HAS on deposit, and 000
ees ensh. The hearlie was post-
Sete arid
Ung In "nt
‘ We wre
i:Phe fieaflng yerterday before..Vioe- fh”
Ne
application made by the ‘Hdlsan Thono- *
'
TT
[neers Gees
oe
[PHOTOCOPY]
yey ite oe
eee OT SAM
MAGNETIC SEPARATION,
_ _
THE EDMON-PROCESS TO BE TRIED IN NORWAY
i i ‘ON A BIG SCALE,
“| London letter to The Iron Age.
“We have at last an authorized ‘statement
&s8 to the Intentions and objects of the British
syndicate. which: has been known to have a
more or less organic connection with the Edison
magnetic process, J, Lawrence, of the Ma-
chinery Trust, and chairman of the Edison Ore
Mining Syndicate,’ has’ made public the eitua-
tion so far as his company $s concerned. From
& mass of irrelevant detail, I subjoln the ma-
terfal facts, as stated by the chairman:
“Some three years 40 a number of us, large-
Jy Influenced by the sclentific views of the late
Dr. John Hopkinson, FP, 2. S., the electrician and
‘engineer, became Interested, with Dr, Hopkin-
s0n himself, in the dixcussiong of crushing and
Separation of low grade iron ores, which Mr,
Edison had been carrying on experimentally in
America for. some years previously, and upon
which he had spent some $2,500,000. ‘Being sat-
- Se
und (2) the scope of field in which they might
be applied, Thirty-four Bentlemen accordingly
subscribed an equal amount of money for this
purpose privately.
“After a careful examination of the mechant-
cal processes we formed o partnership arrange-
ment with Mr. Edison In his Patents, We then
employed Beological, metallurgical and mining
experts, and after several of us had visited Mr.
Edison's works in America we began explora-
tions throughout the Whole of Great Britain and
the greater part of Europe and the northern
Coast of Africa to determine -the most ellgthle
:{8pot tin which to commence operations for min-
- | ing and crushing low srace fron ores,
“The most promising deposit that our expert
Beologist came across was the vast ‘deposit. of
+ [iron on the Dundertand iver, in Norway, which
:/hus been known to metallurgists for a number
C] of years to be the Brestest anywhere in Europe,
. “The chief of our sclenilfic staff, Dr, Theodor
C{ Lehmann, of Preiberg University, one of the
+¢best: metallurgists in Europe, who had been
conducting similar explorations for rome years,
made elaborate horinzs, cross trenches and as-
ays. ond shipped a large quantity of ore from
Dunderland to Mr, Edison for trcatment. .
~"This deposit, hag -Bitherto been commercint
unworkabie, as lelng a trifle too lean for sil
[ving direct to the bint furnace, although very
rich for the purpose of crushing und concentrat-
Ing. Another element that had farmerly barred
+} its utilization for separating purposes was the
t} existence of a large proportion of specular hem-
-;atite combined with magnetite. ,
ef!) “It has only been within the Jast elght months
“| that our codirector, Mr. Edison, has heen able
i; ta solve the Prokiem of separating specular
+; hematite, and as soon as we Were satisfied by
h reports and subsequent personal obzeryations
ef {1 Amerien that this could he accomplished and
Tr
ave Erickson has sOctrod'a post.
tion In the Birch Bollor Works at Dover,
~—Willlam MeEnteo moved to 0
lin last weok, Pe ae
‘7 Samuel Cramer’ lias secured a post-
cause Stockholm and moved: ¢! yf _
. . faa
Avolt ait drying Inbaljanty ana’ une
whic! -,cleunkes and heals the “moment
Ely"a Crean Balm Is ancha remedy and cure:
Head rani quiet
vickly,~ :
atte enews renner |
Th canxed tiMentty th
to a great extent ture of hearlng yee aac t
F's. Cream Bio", dropping OF mucus hay f
‘ofce and henting bave great! im 7
JW. Di |
in favor of the Edison processes, we formed
What war practically an investigating commis.
sion, to xo Into the matter further, because ‘if
one-half of what Mr. Edison claimed for hls in-
ventlons was realizavie. We were face to face
with an industrial revolution of the Breatest and
most far reaching magnitude. We therefore
ought to determine (1) whether his Inventions
were, mechanically and commerclally practicable
$n
oi wwidsony Attorney at Law
at a commerelal profit, we at once exercised our
option and fnaty acquired the Norwegian prop-
erty. We are now enabled to take two tons of
this low grade nor-Bessemer ore and, by the
combined ldison processes, prodtce from it over
one ton of high grade Bessemer ore averaging
G5 per cent of metaltic tron.
“We have proved already on a portion of the
Property the existence of over eighty million
tons of iron ore, and there js reasonable hope
for helleving that other parts of this property:
may turn out proportionately &oad, k
| “It is our intention at present to erect works
and ship this ore exclusively to British. fron-
masters, there hi Ing already a market for it at
& superior price,” :
SH
TSOrS Raa A ee
PROURY
fae eee
go et as
[PHOTOCOPY]
Ayres .
PARK PLACE,
NEWYORK (ITY
Need
From, a
Nau
Tove. Nene
MAY 3° J 9p}.
>
Neriwe -
are ee
. —_—_——
Reported Discovery of Color Photog-
on raphy. .
e Announcements of, the discovery of
‘color photography come along with the
same regularity and frequency tis the ‘an-
Touncements of the discovery of perpet-
uaj sdotlon, and they are recelved by scté
bi $9 :
.ffeular mode of developing and printing
from negatives. By the use of some “se-
cret chemical solution" the Inventor, {It 1s
‘Jaimed, brings out the natural colors
of the objects photographed... ...
‘The fact that most sefentists are skep-
tical about color photography does not
Trove, of course, that it is a sclentific tm- !
possibility. Very few scientists belteved i
that a machine could be devised that j
Would reproduce the exact sounds of the |
human voice until Hprsox astonished the |
\ world with his phonograpb.. Now that i
“we are familiar with the phonograph we :
| marvel at its simplicity, — adele
It is a fact, however, that the advances ,
toward color photography have been slow :
find unsatisfactory. As carly 151810 cer- ,
ain observations were made by Dr. Sce- i
recx of Jena which tended to encourage !
the view that direct color photograpby Is
within the range of possibility. Stnee:
that time Sir Joux Henscier, Hunt, Bee-
gurreL, St. Victor, Porrrevin, St. Fio-
Rest and Captain Anyey have. expert-
mented without reaching any satlsfne-
tory resulta... aie
The most distinct, advance toward ac-
tual color photography, however, was
moadtein189}-by-Professor-Gapnien Lipp-
Many of Paris. -He suceeeded In fixing :
“upon the interlor of a sensitive fila the :
‘game colors that were Possessed by the ©
“Imagen the enamera, but every attempt ;
“made to obtain prints from the negatives. ;
‘showing the natural colors, resulted In :
‘tallure. The details of the discovery of
H the Bern photographer will therefore be
awaited with muel Interest by scientific
men.
Fe A ME see gal tn e
ae et
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885,
cr
No———___
From tho
- ee) |
EWYORK CITY
if
Prom
ithace,-N. ¥. News.
ae MAY 16 1901
10 PROTOGRAPI TRAIN. .
Thomas A. Edison Will Send Espert to"
; 7 oF: Crew Race and
Observation Cars, : :
Thomus A. Edison has decided to |
send C. A. White, the expert in his;
avorutory to this‘eity on ‘the suth uf! 3
the month, full caulpment will] q
|
de brought fur taking a” moving ‘pie-
sure Of the crows and” observation ,
tain, A raft will be plated in the
Nater aud the expert will place his
tpparatus so that the crews will he i Cc
detween ‘himself and the shore.
“Mr. Edison bad heard of the: wen-
lerfal facilities offered for the tak-.
ng of such a pleture on the Cayuga :
ake course which would include both
he observation train and the crews,
\t the Poughkeepsie race he was un-
ible to take a picture of the train.
When this pieture wll have been
vampleted Jt will be taken Imme-
Hately to the Pan-American expusi-
lon where It will ve Shown daily. ¢
Eeemicnermntaahiatts
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1835,
From the
[years ,
i Pane ance ‘
NEWYORK (Ty =
P.0.Box
+ Phased
Topeka, anJounal
a MAY 22 190)
Moving Picture of Mrs: Nation.
Edison's ‘moving . picture of Mrs,
Carrie. Nition “In action" will be o fea-_
ture of the kinematograph’ exhibition.
to follow: the Scottish concert pro-
gramme ‘at Odd -Fellows’ hall tonight.
The picture hus not_yet -heen. seen-in
~ Topeka,” but has’ proven art attractive
subject wherever shown by the Scottish
foncert company during its present
tour. Most of the other subjects to be
| shown by the kinemntograph tonight
i are genuinely Scotch in character, and
the highland dancing scenes and
marches of the Scots Greys and Black
3Vatch are sald to be particularly In-
teresting. Another moving picture of
interest shows the--Australian and Ca- ;
nudinn contingents on the march in
South Africa.. The entertainment js
open to the general public as well as
the Scottish residents of the elty.
i
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885.
No.——~
For
From the
pers PREs
Hew yORK «Ty
ho
2747 (10
Tutroey
ca dvortiser,
From
NAT
ANY 14, 1901
Delits and Asnets of the Creditors,
Tho schedule of the debts and asscts of
John B. Scartes, once of the sugar trust,
who assigned on March 5, was made publlo
yosterday afternoon by tho assigneo, Ed-
ward I, Dwight of tho Inw firm of Carter,
Hughes & Dwight of 16 Broadway. Fol-
lowing Ia tho Hat of securcd creditors:
Southorn Pacifla Company, $100,000; |
Travellers’. Insurance Company, $100,000;
American. Deposit: and Loan Company,
$720,000; National Bank of North America,~|
$175,000; International Trust Company of
Daltimore, $327,500; Seaboard Natlonal
Bank, . $100,000; Marcellus “Hartley, $50,-
000; Amorican Loan and Trust Company of
Boston, $0,000; Kings County Trust Com:
pany, $28,000; G. 8. Weedon, 71 Broadway,
25,000; H. H. Rogers, $26,000; National
Bank of Pueblo, Col., $41,017.78; Wost-
orn National Hank of Now York, $90,000; ;
Johnstown National Bank, $10,000; Mor-
chants’ National Nank, Philadolphia, $10,-
000; First Natlonat Dank’ of Shenandoah,
Pa., $10,000;--Gettysburg Natlonal Hank,
$10,000; Cecl! Natlonal Bank of Port De-
: poalt, Mu., $5,000; R. J. Kimball, 71 Broad-
way, $16,000; Franktln Trust Company of
Brookiyn, $55,000; Market and Fulton Na-
onal Bank, $25,000; J. I. Carliste, 30.
rere
B JOHN BE SEARLES SCHEDULE
1
Broad streot, $10,000; Bedford Bank of F
Brooklyn, $3,000; C. D. Simpson, 66 Broad-
way, $10,000; W. M. Tuttle, amount un-
known. “All the above aro secured by
shores tn varlous concerns jn which Mr.
Soarles was interested. Gonoral Electric
Company of Schoncetndy, $14,039.38, on a
contract for olectrical machinory at the
Cornucopia mines; Motropolitan Life In-
surance Company, $180,260; Pecoplo’s
Trust Company of Brooklyn, $10,000. Tho
fotal of secured creditors {s $1,000,657.76
and the value of securttiog io placed at
$2,057,439.08,
Tho upsecured creditors ‘are Duluth
Furnace Company, $60,000; “Marcellus.
Hartley, $60,758; :J, Foster Searles, -Ded-
hom, Mass,, $6,102.45; Gdroline A Searles,
$6, 612.20; "@, 8: Blackwoll,” $500; Wostern
Natlonal. Dank of: Now-York, $23,000; Na-
Honal Investment Company, $17,350; mor-
chandiao and supplies, for mines in various
small accounts, $8,000; various other debts
In'amnali amounts, $70,000; Brooklyn Unton
Gas Company, $16.70; the New York Ave-
nuo' Methodist Eplscopal ‘Church, for un-
rald-check for paw-rent, $100; other house.
hold-expenses, “$395,052 Carter, Hughes &
‘| Dwight, for legal expenses, $1,057.66. Total”
| of the unsecurad debts, $296,801.85.
To the Edison Unlted Phonograph Com-
pany, ‘a ef. of Indorsed paper, Mr.
Rearicn -_ i Knee. W. 0. Gay & Co,- of.
Boston hold. accommoadatlan paper to the
amount of $95,000, Tho notes were for.
tho Amerlean Cotton Company, and Scartes
was :the guorantor, . Tho’ Internatlonat
"Brust Company holds paper made’ for tho.
American. .Loom Company Sndorsed by
Searlos, for $30,000. The Peoplo's Trust
Company of Brooklyn holda indorsed ‘pa-
per for $20,000,
350...
* ‘eis
[PHOTOCOPY]
The asnets compriso real estate, por-
fonal property and stocks and bonds, ‘The
roat-estnto Is as follows: me
‘Elght hundred and thirty acres of land
nat’ Great Neck, Manes, comprising the
Groat HIM estate, are valued at. $100,000.
and ‘nro subject to an unrecorded mort-
gage to Henry H..-Rogers for $100,000;
the ;Cornucopia- Minos: near Carnucopla,
Ore., valued at $000,00), aro subject to
an’ unrecorded mortgage to Henry H, Rog.
ors; Yollow: Jacket inlnos at Yollow Jackot,
Idaho, valued at $500,000, standing In the
namo of James & McChisney;- Columbus
mines In/La Platte County, Cod, valued ‘at’
$200,000," tie: In namo ‘of Winthrop M.
Tuttlo; one-fifth Interest in Monolith ming
of Idaho,-valucd at $25,000, property. held
by fivo parties who made uote to Western
National ‘Dank, which‘ is now held by
Thomas ‘IL. Rothwell; ‘lot on St. Mark's
avenue, Brooklyn, valued at $20,000, sub.
Ject to mortgage. to Hornco J. Morse; real
estate, ‘plant and machinery’ of ‘Duluth
Manufacturing Company; valued at $200,-
000, ‘aubject to mortgage to Metropolitan
Life Insurance Company for $1
eatate-bulldings and machinery of Ironton
Structural Steel Company of Duluth, mort-
gaged to Central Trust Company of Now
York. to secure bonis of $440,000; lot In
Greenwood Cemotory, $11.50, and Jot in
Evergreen Cometery, New’ Haven, Conn.,
$577.50." Total yalio’ ot real eatato, 3h.
050,402.50,
Among. the personal property (s included
worthless cliecks’ amounting to’ $25,000,
household goods, vd stock, jawelry, books
and: pictures..amounting ‘to $6,800; car-
tiages, $1,500; sloop. yacht Alcedo, $1,500;
naphtha Jwunch Gladys, $1,500, Also
money‘ loaned to .the amount -of *$32,000,
which: is ddclared’of-no valuo, and an‘on-
dowmoent. policy ‘in Now York Lito Insur-
ance Company,’ payable” Decomber, 1004,
for $10,000,
audi eae hotds" tho followin In. eatocks:
a ron-Coz- (preferred):
3,858 shares: Alabama‘ Consoll:
Coal and ‘Iron Company: (common),
4,00 shores, American’-,Loom * Co.
(common)
1,890 shares. Fisheries Cc isteaeicdd » 14 1750
1,184 shares Sprogue,. Electric Co.
(preferred) Ae eceseereceeee 69,200
1,008 sharca Electric Co.: |
++..No present valuo
Coal and
«No Poort valuo
950 shares Tyatt toiling’ ‘Dearing Co.
(COMMON) + ..>..0++ ” * 19,000
600 “shares: ‘Union Typewriter’ Co.
29,000
+ 23,550
/ 70,000
20,600
Rrooklyit*.
206 ahares ‘Whiltney Manufacturing. *
100 shares” “American Grdnance: Go.
(preferred) eeeee 10,000
80 ‘shares “A: .
(common) . « 10,000
100 shares Am 10,000
e
100’sharen.Minneapolls Har St. Louls . |
Rallway . Co, :(common)....« _ (8,000
120 ‘ehtires HAR. Worthington Gor.
(preferred) ... 13,800
40 shores Pullman Palaco Car BY
64 shares -Amierican .Suger Re!
Co, .{common).. * 9432
5 shares ‘Ame:
Ca.‘ (nreferred) 6,688
)
200"ehares Terminal Warchouse Co.,
‘No. present value
2300 shares Natlonal Investment Co...
1
No prenoat valua
intla 1Kby Washi
fo: peenent valua
600, hares Standard !Telephono Ca.,
150-shares Diamond: Truck ‘and .Gear,
ares fiector Stave Co,
lation); valu eatinated
it share Greenport Whart.C
1,600 “shares - Internatlonal .
phono Co, and 34,666 shares Inter- -
» hattonal Gramophone Co, ond Edl- ae
son’ United Phonograph:Co.; held
subject to agreement with -O. F.,
Morlarity;estimated valuc.
ds nton Structu
25,000
gaia ‘ferminai Warchouse'Go:
39 bor pds ,American . Typo .Foun
No present’ value | +
serene” present, ralug: :
oe ean RARER Bhd Ses
[PHOTOCOPY]
INCORPORATED 285.
port
b PARK PLACE
The ves aly
1 PO, Box’.”
BAT: a
From the
a Ago
i Pe’ PLACE
th, oe ary
Ihe f
2747
es
stead? Bredério!
Sc .
Heeeee Eee
| First, Best ze ae
INCORPORATED 1885
d First, Best and Largest,
: INCORPORATED 1883,
oe 4 No.
: oe
PARK ta
From ie a 40)
Me hil eee Pa Pre
Berbatcn to “The Presa, -
ay 15—‘Thoms ade Edson
6 the port jhat ho was forced out
he directorate"of the General Elec-
“at* the annual, meeting
‘His business partner, W. 3, Mntlory,
+ gaia, to-day that Mr. Edison resigned
H ‘from the directorate two years ago, but
“nis? -tollow-directors had not seen fit: to”
eptt his. resignation. ate wae. at we
‘qwn’ retterated. tha th
to, be. director.
an
: "yenterday. was
{
c
pce Ne Ps,
[PHOTOCOPY]
aeemceenee enemas: Mn
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED £885. '
From the
First, Best and Largest.
lee ot First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1585,
BP on PLACE. INCORPORATED 1485,
NEWYORK CITY Noes
GC , = ' .
From the ' AN a ch? For-—= — _—
| jong bs Tusa oe
! fo |
ae We ¥, Xx. Teibune: ; JONAL PRE.
Dea ei BGs
2747 = YOR “(
laa
ie thutigen
Le N. ve sored
MAY 15 190
y=the-
neers ‘ot ay
that!
1a entra
ca Walson' gent: ine
his. reste!
erie’
toc! mere “ot the ‘General Elec! octrié
Firananny esterday, ected tha’+ old
Board o! pirectors wrth ie exception of
0" Wasy succes ended :
ty
Oy sputtit was: motyaccepted ne!
er attende
pecnause he ‘wiot
6 genre signed Be
{wos lack:
XS ene “untess there:
a eet
i GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY.
‘
\ :
i r+ = Schnectady, N. ¥., May 14.— ty in responee to atolent
I stoc seholders of Ct nya At the annual meeting qand\then omy 0 Sana pressing hornets
i Mt couti I he General Mlectric Company: to- -day, . tf ci gone Feapondea at’ Btockholders oF the “Delgware x
} routine business was transacted. ‘The old board of direct venience.” Hie then weed that nis sce at Hudeee Boned of Me Hanne vith, the |
: il was re-elected with the exception of LT. Asdidison neds TAS tated ‘on this eat re TON eee a. i, MALO no. ave |
i ‘| succeeded by F. P. F * f nis name. a
| CY fish. tof the General Blects
j , ; ey e always been
rt from * e direc!
that he:-cannot f!
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1883,
au | SES
Fo Z. Pea ker ea Oe
Toe
From the
rts
PARK Puce
NEWYORK CITY
\ "rar £0
Mb
i N. Y¥. World.
“MAY. 26 1901.
LEY epee cee The
gh ae .
UEDISON NOT FORCED-OUT.
Suh i ee ok :
a Resigned _from Genernl ‘ Bleetric
fobzcotay pit Ta tones Yenrn Ago.
eae eon dentes the published
Fone! the was forced out of ‘tho dle
rectory of thé"General-Eleatrle Company!
t the annual meeting of the, corpar
old'nt: Schenectady, Tuesday, His buat.
eas partner, W. 8. Malla; Y, ald yeater-
ay that Mr. Ed
Wireoterate two ee Prager she
t
4
[PHOTOCOPY]
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED (845,
@ No———_—.
From the
ONAL Php. |
i Pan Ae 8 ,
NEWYORK CITY
| (eg? 08
Luce!
Nw. M ocnung Journal
J MIKC16 1901
Qo aS,
‘I RESIGNED BWO,XEARS \
ee AGO," SAYS EDISON. |
ut. ‘the: Wizard Wont: Telt Why He
. Wanted to Leave the General
v Electric. Gompany.
Lpng story of the Wout Neheneetady
af: Fgederick P. Kian ad ‘in director af the
Benaral ; Klectele Company. “In place of
Chowgeekdison, which left Kdldon out of
hin' directorate, wax read With Interest yes
fordny ! by (the. nuny | fetensde of the
Wienrd."' ‘The story nixo moved Lilfson
o write the followlyge lett / i
one,
rhe facts are quite, the
pxlgned:two 'vears ano, Amd It was nly
mat meeting. |
i to glye his
SMy,.'Gdlson, however,
fayons: for-resigniug.
First, Best and Largest. -
INCORPORATED 1885.
4
N
i
For.
From the
sf hos (ITY
aa Pease 0
3 | leet’
Vm times. ©
° i |
\ Edison's Retirement, *
gwar7thomas A. Edison hod
fpeant forced out of’ thé: Directorate rot the,
5 % ‘at: the! anopal
Genoral’ Blpctric’ iCompany. oe ip Pint
=
iiMey E
Matha: report ae
antsy t was at hia owl
etated: that -hig:retirement, Was Ot ON ctv
“request, 1 See tooeouey athe ie Att a
pat ‘ 5
chnraholier invthe “company.
ST Se eg pS Dy ee wen rm
y
ae attra bp 38 .
[PHOTOCOPY]
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
Po0 pnt ere oe eet
!
add Largest. :
irst, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885. .
. ‘
From the ©
joerg
PARK PLACE
Cray
ea
~ gournal
N.Y. More!
stor, No He Union“ o a,
AN.15, 1901:
UeiAdepebeemlicixon, {
eotrlelts. vas. forced dy
Mlreetorate “uf.
lectrie, ay
onent. ‘ebinpanter, .!
*Phocannial jueeting
Held at! Schencetad
or lee
Ity;,;he’'setY forth -thati‘a ,
tlon'to' a peraon ‘ambitious
gful-career, ahoutd: be avold.
Whatover /of.mental’ discipline
htshontd ‘be alpng ‘technical
: ‘Andha attempted to sustain hig
Itonebyvolting the-carcer ofa hale
ida n Jor. ao} auccesstul»manufacturera 5
vavho:-were not noted ‘for'thelr’ scholara
v nd!'that‘he had ‘been recently In
company ‘of forty leading -bankers;
yitwo of-whom held a.college degre, ||
i interesting to note ‘that the Blec-
acy Sof: $100,000 a" seni, PM, ilah
Alas oles ag! pregldent “of. thetAmorte
jell Felephonn Company ntidiof the VA
Apanstalatstnna! fatness
k
+ thine: "Kdlson: lag met"
nto 2b. the_handsve!
oaths
t
[PHOTOCOPY]
P. is a
rec
botnnt, sas. forged sy
lrasterute ot. the Ge eral “Wigetrles Co:
pany, of: whieh ‘the: form Genory
PAGANI UA) Meet hy
pen ae Lrligres
direct are”
Lan omiuen
jatont* Inwyer ‘of |.
avus already: counsel to tha Gener
eetrle soimpany, One duty 1i ne: ten
Niry Sof; $100,000 av year, 2 Mrs, srl ly a
Aoke: olen. na president of ‘tig
Hell. Tetoplona Company iand: af ‘th
i ‘lenuYelephone: & Telegraph. Company, + "i
“henin Wis ’cholée by -Edlsan'as piace: homo see
a ‘closer™ ayprouch' to cach! ather,:to way thef.
making fortunes loniin : ‘eolar: ta,
lat Bltvon. dns met ‘the cugiat
at. the ham
Hight per vent dividends on uloutstande|
Ang Ktovk aud aS nurplux uf $155, ATR: canstid
’ Auted: (he carnage uf ithe Chleago! Kdlson
ib tas Old- “Tendency * Observed." - "| sstectele Light Company during tuo! yeur}}
“Ayer! ‘nied, tha consoltdittan’ of thin’ “Thom which ended wth Marel tsi, ‘according fi
Se son-Howston Coujuny and the, Btiven Gens o"the report Juet made publiesin’ QOhfengo. 4 nN
erat Bleetrle * Company © the teidengy dng} ‘hu round tlgareys ‘the any's sineomes}
i ‘peen ”” io’ ellminate oversthing aud “everys | wax $2,500,000, Hw operating und other ex.
a ‘bods ldentitied with the Intter company, Denson Were $1,600,000, Wherefore S100,00! 1
“The eulintnation was’ reached’ Yestertlay }remalued fo compensate Investors. THis!
Wheit Hilson was thrust from: tho. director] $0000) qvonll have pat six per, cumebans,
ate, Malnty it 4s tho wish of: the “omer ese th cis ERunaon, it * anstb a
i , worst Beved that) the a0 Edteon. tangible
Ants bebing “tue company and 1s! officers caperty IM wortl that gum, bes
{to dlesoctite ‘from It” not - only ’ “Hdlyon's | Th he Compniny’s tu. ai vaniation— |!
ame, but his porsonaliiy. —° F fal alin ta ts as S i TS, WRG | ity
isi a bat y ret vn bapa
Tt [e-anopen necrot that thelr relations: Fit ann of “ite bonited dent, wheels sf
WN Edison ‘hare not been Torimontous for {$5508 000,
feveral yencs; “The Wirard’ has not + Having abnoriualte Jarge varnliga, tle
lted; the company”: B works at Schonectad 1s, rived from excesst ‘gun for reivior, |
Tor 'nat«lenat fur, yenta, and alt of ul the company lias ce that ft witt in.
right-hand-men"’ it the company witehferenne la sto ie gradually at
Jonst, of. Athe: . three! great ecumpuiiles sin
whlel! Mrviiah Ix 50 ‘deeply. Interesfed,! 1‘ ‘|
Hore bla naine are now with him at. Medio} $6,400,000 to $10, LINC y
Park, NT, stock would swallow up the i of net
The oMleera of the company at Kehoe | Arcot Mn tividends at the rate of “en
}
~ tady, last ulght, absolutely refused to mr ber cent.
any piatement to reracd, fo Hlnon’s reti
went,
“Edison Declines to Talk.’
‘Aroporter’ for Ue Jonenal tlalted Edison
at bls.house at Menlo Park last night. ‘the
{nventgr sent out word {hut nfter.the day
ene ‘te, works, he Wau too tired to be’ Inter-
low
Slee. “Halkon ‘kindly ‘conveyed. to bor hus-
band :the ‘facta Just murcated, and he wis
arked to tell thafr algnfeance.. ‘He aw
‘ered, by Mre, Edinon:
——
t Ble the first J have heard of the Te.
| eult: of jthe Genernl Mtectric Companys’ td |
meeting, “and I do not care to disenss ithe
ysyMmatter until T kuow more about It.”
Ay iM. Fish wan counsel for the Thonn.
\ Touston Company before Its consolidatlh i;
i he ‘was principal counsel for the New York
Ale Drake Company agaluat the Werting-
‘house Company and ling siso heew retalped
iE hy the-FPoliman Falace Car Gompany, Me
|
12m
A forty-seven years ol] and was graduated
ron) tarea University Law Nehool,
It ta sald. that for sureral years past. Mr.
the # hae argued more cisen before the
* United + “Btates courts than any lawyer in
athe couutry. He Is most Inilmately nc
natated : {With ,the- congtruetton of: electric
nachines 91
the Itlgation over' patents
‘or’ them
ne race’ that ‘moat ofthe electric aom-
: ‘ :
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
a ee
:
Jong
: "PARK PiAce
‘NEW yoRk CTY
ya
Luge
N He _ = Unirt
Le
oe
anon ‘atfontion’ fon q
raceme of" Prealdent,
be that sha
} cae
nie polng. {
fee f
is‘address!to the}: :
training’ - school: in}
vmet® forth’: ‘that: |,
o'a, person ‘ambitlous
bareer, should be avold-
er, ‘of meniai dlsciplinu
PAG Was, wmought should: be along technical
¥ : fIinebt ‘And"he attempted to sustain hid
; conditionsby-elting the career of a halt
2 jozen' Jor’: 80). successfulmanufacturers
pie were not: _Noted ‘for thelr’ scholar-
“iand!thet’he had been recently in
mpany ‘ot forty leading bankers,
jie same’ doubts’ about: ‘the’ ‘utility of
ptechnical ‘education that Mr. ‘Schwab
aa" about the academic, and aske jt]
A; does ‘not toad! rather‘ to’ small im-
fa (provements: in-old.methods ‘than to the
oe Zimaking tot origina}:and Important:con- |.
He tributions :to ‘the’’ industrial art. It
‘émentions’ Watt, ‘Stephenson, and‘ Brin-
ley’ ag;great men whose technical edu-
ation: ‘was by: no. means thorough, ‘and
Fyn instances ‘Harrison, the carpenter, who
‘gave us the chronometer; Arkwright,
“who collected hair from barbers’ shops
efore he turned his attention to spin-
{ng by machinery, and Dr. Cartwright,
who\never saw a loom until he: made
is{own. Eden, Gramme, and Swan
“were ‘without ‘sclentific training in the
¢Modern:meaning ‘of the term, and Bell
r wes more of-a philologist than a
ybhysielst. “THe conclusion of The Blec-
‘trleat! “Engineer ts that’ nature en-
‘dowed these men and others that might
- easily be named with Inventlye powers,
while education endowed other: men
jequally, wvell known with the acumen
ty
is,
to, Investigate, the power and abliity, to |}
pluggeat Vandgexecute ‘the alterations |
; Tequired \ to, bring" about: greater perteo~
t perdcial ‘theory. “Tho, facts‘ are, as ‘the’
i experience of mankind. a through’ ages be-
1 fora Behwa :
Bich} wouldin
Dress paver Santo
80° lnenenoutce to-the. ‘upmetting:
‘of, Mr Schwab's - ‘theory:based upon’ juat
isiot exceptions. «: “hei. olleges need’
{not! prepare’ to! olose’ thelr: doors'almply
because; ‘the {Bteel | trust-president” con=
1 i}tende manual, straining schools are. to’ ‘be
‘preferred, “" } d
[PHOTOCOPY]
oaaeeearal
ee
| (Fi irst,] Best and Largest
f Park 2)
He yaRK i
ase , 0: 2
{h ied
Fon fot, Cann: “Times :
may 17 1901 2
ny
bee
4
x 7
ica tand- Interesting ian ab
stead: to jaan shee tte
fore, ten a Ror ‘ rt Cn bes
2 or: 8: en,
crore ee Ea ee
t . aL REO} 3:
by
a
| nature,’ even: ‘to! mitng rich‘ ‘tn’ electrical
knowledge. - They- will cutlroly newn
and: Ifsthe fame‘af:. ‘Bxdlson'/ca ba*in=!
tensified* beyond ‘the: high* point he‘has;!
attained,tlt may bo'set down.as a. facts|{
that | ithd. Edluon‘:exhibit “at “the, P:
merican Exposition: “Wilido ft.
{ ‘Thomas A-* Edjson;; who‘ will. th
| 80: smuch to, énterjaln and, {ustruct’ vist!
storstothe | ‘Pan-American ‘ Exposition,
: epresented'at the’ exposition: by §
W. at i Markarat,: man
sic
ar
entlon Vi this “inveéntlye:
géniue,Sand the} ‘importancalor”thia' Ja
bestt, {understood ‘3 when fit ist considered.
that} Edison’ hasstaken tout’ patents:on'l
more! than* “700finventions,” included *'tn f
whieh’ number: sare) the/phonograph,tha'|!
pundruplexsy. a davice; ror! sending ‘four,
jesse 8 nt, 7, OHCROVET. aitelograph wire,
stieg he lows realatan:
octet ting. ¥;
KItywas'Hdlson® whi i
i ‘deacont lighting? each ine the:
[grounds ot! “shosEx sas t
fr srgottinventionayt Spthase:
¢ ally: placed. the: ng ‘Hdl.
19) ghest ri ngSO adder.
fot Tramorinut\ceogit obs Saat oa ae of,
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
pSeP enema ern
teas
iy First, Best and Largest.
"INCORPORATED 1888.
ek “From the =,
i ioree Pris
\ W PARK PLACE
HeyORK (ly
rar £0
i Ls usa
i
e May 20 190 .
sae
——r
batt
‘MIR, EDISONIS: LATEST,
‘The Announcements th: t Mr, Edison
fas’ at last! aucceet ed inventing an
plectricai’: storage ‘be sttery which la a
nugCEBS: hoa created a: good * deal 'of-ox-
‘those. partite {in
rotrical’: -solenice : an
£4;
ery, ‘are tta\iwelght®: a ottthe at,
hatiits’ 8; ‘plates ‘aro; iof heavy Toad, “tHe
mit tq te?copacttyy' ‘and, : “eongequents,
yrto'thelldataneas’ ‘whlch ‘a*‘vehtele|
provided with “itienn: travel, and: the
Pomparatively; brieg: ‘dife: of tha’battery
|
!
|
[PHOTOCOPY]
From the ema %
- Ages
PARK PLACE “ata
Hew YORK Ty |
hs ‘2747 He
w= rtford, Conn-Times. '
* may 17 190b|
‘
Cee 8 Fost wpe re) eae FERNS Vat ten a for
Y ; - 2 bubts ] naturo, even‘ to’ minds.,rich' In. electrical
anette oomataeargiat r ulteitort nore | knowledge, « They: will-be entirolynew
‘than: ordinrytiim Or int Navael bet gnd'iftthe fame'of;Edlsan'can ba"in-;
Storashany'a. hortountay axle been. tensified ‘beyond ‘the high‘ point hehasi|'
abroy! idea ‘with, age anebedutitur esting’ | attalned,tit may bo!set down ns a. facts
ka ” Sr {t?proved:|\that “the. ‘Edlson:.oxhibit “at “ithe,.Pa
! CUA ats gu gS ‘American4Exposition:\willido it. '"s,
sui
BARREN
oS MEE
h{ Thomas ‘Ay Edison; wha! will: thus do,
. atti h*to, entersaln and. {ustruct’ vials:
;tors*to\the ‘Pan-American ‘ Expoaltion,}
~'} -wilt:be!represented’ at: the'ex position: by:
v Hi Markgraf, manager fj dl,
xbibit department.$-
ry PaaS tho
‘Sachence "has bocome. M
much “tnierestd’ over..the s fact! that
hgmaa A. Edison, Hogalnventedia tors
lis marcreryenwntch it isantd lag
ete has
sth jn. te, Jone:
entionssiwhloh,! thisiiwo
: tothe: world
valuable
dergul
2Tt, ath
‘battery: wil}ebe a
‘greatest Inyention’ Sof! this *iny c
senjus,\and*{he)tmportance lor“ thig ia
besti undorstood : when !1t" lu{congidered.
that} Edison’ has;taken iout; patentson'
more! than™'700;4nventiong,’” included tn |;
which’ number ‘are: the/phonograph,'tho ‘|!
qwadruplex, ya" davice
alensages ae cei ove!
{nde he's low - reaistan
NlectrioMghting.aUagyers
qtwaasWdlson: who credted:the"inca y
'dexcent lighting? system‘ by,which" the
.srounds "of: the "Exposition are Hilumi-
nated, Buch Sreattinventions’.y “these:
heve naturally placed. the:n mao Hale
‘son ‘onthe: highest: rung-of'. the: ladder.
4 je; butidespity. his: multiplicity: of
HHvention~ during: }the® nineteenth’ cen-,
‘tury,:-he: greets ithe: twontleth century,
ond the Pan-American ‘Expoaltioniwith
aniinventlon ‘which ‘ an‘ authority! con-:
nected with’ that United 2States: B; ent |*
‘| OMeoy who; tsconversant with! the bat-
story, aay ‘nexticocthg:telephone'l “the
Jimost: togvinesy
ou
revolutionize; the “storage' battery: “.
struction’ of: thesperlad, and “carry.:the,
Avorid” forward “many. materiall-nointa;| |
‘trom ‘the’ darkness* Iniwhich't this Aield:,
{has hitherto; been ‘ancompasged NP Nir)
“STt" wap ‘at theCantennial, exhibition:| +
(in{Phitadel phiasthag,theztalephona!war:
ifirst? shown “tofthe= public, Mandidtawnl.
(dss! at - the Pan-American” Expositlon} ;
that the public will get its first ‘glimpse;
lot:this new and ‘great. storage battery |.
}of Edivon'’s. 2.2 eons
WeThia i's feature - ‘alane™ “witl:’ ‘pos-.]'
se88 ‘unusual ‘interest “for every person
"Who hag any connection: witht the elec-
itticaland sofentifie fletda..-"Tt: will in-.
terest. the world’ because: the’ battery
promises"! to: become * exceedingly - val- |:
uable. in the deyelopment ‘of various.
‘ineg’of industry, -the- growth of which
Noa’ been retarded. by «the lack of’ a'|:
%
‘device “ similor” to? this new: battery,
Sapeclally whl it:beof’the highest .Jm-].
‘portance to ‘the automobile “industry, |;
;Where a batte! Ighter’than?-those .at
present” in uae: fs ‘mitch: needed". t 7
ht Edison's, new. battery’ Is: exnected, to
ibe of-only hait'the:welght! of ‘the: pres-
ent’ day ‘batteries,%iand an’ ‘{mportant
statement ‘Is. that it will not beia}iead-
{| accumulator," A’ “complete “description:
Jot the battery fa‘ not :yet- obtainable:
| from. the ‘fact. that’ the: Amerleanpat-.
-ents“have not’ yet-'been ‘Issued, .“How-"
it,\‘they. soon'.will- be, and: then ‘the:
world will know: more ‘about: the won-
derful sterage battery. to_be exhibited
at the Pan-American: Expoaltlon.~ “*: 3
The prediction “wan made, before the |}
National Electric Light: Association, at:};
one’ of 'thelr’-Niagara ‘meetings, ’ that }:
the/time would come when ‘the electri. !
cal‘ energy of the: Falla: of Niagara:
would ' he. shipped * throughout .--the |.
||. country by. the “carload..o8 0 ;result of, ~
:the:'nerfection ‘of’ the storagt battery.’ !*
[Tes not known: whether Badlson's iat {°
est Invention brings.us:to‘a-reallzation
of this promise;:but“when it is stated §.
| that as.an Invention the:battery, ranks 1°
‘{Next*to the telephont in: the(list ‘of im- *
| portant: iuventions‘’of the “nineteenth;
century, ‘it may~bo ‘imagined: that: it.
will-demonstrate ‘its full“ value ‘very |:
soon after reaching the market, |. :)-
The exhibit:af, the aauison: Manutac=
rturing Campany of Orange, De Wl
(be ‘located “in nection’ D,“oppbsite."the
General: Electric.-Company's* exhibit, |
in the Electricity . buliding. : tIn’ addl-
'tlon' to the ‘storage, battery ‘Inboratory.
Droducts' of. a-new-and: Important -na~.
ture will be for the flrat time exhibited.
‘Several of these-will'be‘of-a surprisin
“INCORPORATED 1385,
af * pad
om jour
NEWYORK IT
ats, HA: — Team,
MAY: 20 {901 (9°
‘MR. EDISON
', The announce
oy
: ‘Mr, Edleon
has at dast' aucce j
pupcess: 1a8 .cLoated!
pltemént \' among.
plegtrical,: science ;'s
‘Mhe¥ deflotenctes’‘o¢'' Ch
Bi welght,"/duo ‘to.itho :
lates ‘ara jot heayy- lead: the
ts‘capacity;'and,
y tayce: which:‘a'-vehiala'|
Provided “with ritiican’ travel, and: the
Pomparatively; brief ‘life: of tha
And : the ' necessary,
complete renewal, "*" +
} @dison olaims ‘that he has made dla-.
coverles which obviate
the most: part,
he has at last 4
battery avhich’ ‘wit
Practical and willbe
‘near future,
It. is significant that. do
‘pressed ‘by those:
sclenca concernin,
‘and advantage o;
wholly or, for
these obstacles, and
vented a storage
bo found to be
out Into general
Posted’ in: electrical
g the practicability
f Mr. Edison's tatest
¢ Such , wizards os’ Edison
iand''Tesla have made a
,astounding., electrical
MApor of lute, but thelr promises have
not ted to fulftiment thus far.
i dt ds now’ clatmed that
itable'of Ealaon's triend:
about the tual -outeomn
while uncharltabd:
Profess the “boldest sort
tolam."” Others, however,
faeliities ‘for observing
e&perimonts and progreas,
‘das: nade ‘a. grew
at ha will soon be abte to prod
¢ in a- commercial’ shape,:
[=
<=
dixcovertes on
tho most char-
8 evince doubt
@ of his Intast
Mr. Edlyon'a
» bellave that
ye chs
5 Eyer nm
_ INCORPORATED 1295,
Peom
Brooklyn, N.Y. ~ Eagie. ; '
MAY .9'-1901
HUECTRIGITY AT THE FAIR. |.
‘Vingare Falls Will Supply the. En~
orgy That Will Run the Machin- :
ery and IMuminato.the
Grounds.
5 ested
ware UEOTRICITY 1s ‘playing & cone
mal splcuous part at tho Pan-
bay American Expositlon, ‘It 1s ‘tho
3 onergy “that makes -the
OE ‘wheels ‘go: round," it cre-
nies, now add startling offects on the Mid-
way) iti propels ‘the, Iaunches on tho canals,
‘nd! it's ‘the force” that carlos mill-
fens: of people to,and’ from the grounds, At
night oleatrlelty “ Ughts “the grounds ‘and
fMuminates {uo buildings, ‘fountains! cascades
ond Yalta. a degree of beauty and bril}-
\nncy'nover- witnosmed before. Ani all this
forco {s gencrated’ at Niagara Falls, 20
milles away. par ot “ Re oe
Antdo from tho wide uso of olectriclty oso
metlvo * power,” there fs. 0 “magaificont
exhibit :of electrical appliances in ‘tha Bloc-
trlofty Building. This ‘structure fs of Span-
inh Renalasonco: rehitactura,- covered ; wit!
staff, artistically’ colored ‘and ‘adorned’ with
sculpture, its dimenstonn belng 600 by 160
faot, ‘Two of tho splendid towers of tho
no. to - holght of 168 ‘fect, while
. nari AO, Cnet.
[FILMED IN SECTIONS}
[PHOTOCOPY]
Tho Btanloy ‘Electric Manufacturing Com-
pany hos a 1,000-kilowntt {equivalent to a A
4,500-horas power dynamo) In its exhibit.
‘This machino fs not in oporation. The clalin |*
mado for it Is that It fa bullt on tho lateat
“}ines, and Is capable of gonorating 12,000
-yolta’ "+ aeeie a
- Students ‘of electrical energy ara interested
‘+ tn tho two models of tho Ningara Falls trans-
“S30! gormor plant’ shown hore. Ono shows tho
goneral Inyout of the great power bullding at
tho Falls and tho other cross sectlon of the
> pyeasnt station at the Falls, with ono of they)
*~+ unite fn operation, ‘
Tho Kulson Manufncturing Company haa
+4 porsonal inventions of Thomas A. Edison on
exhibition, and creatuonaaithesmfiny, too, |
¢ ‘Tho new Edinon stornge battery thermo-alec-
trio battertos aro shown hor, Considorablo
entorpriso js shown by tho Stromborg-Carlson
Tolophono Manitfacturing: Company: in ox-
» ploiting its system. This company has In
~ operation a freo telephone system connecting
all of the bulldings on tho grounds.
+ xc The:Kollogg Switchboard and Supply Com-
pany of Chicngo has as tho most striking:
+ , fonture of its -oxhibit a complete contrat
"phono office, with “hollo girls” at work, as
well as a romarklibly interesting abowlog of
thol latest appliances and dovicos in tole-
.phonia mechanism, : ‘ .
‘Anothor display around which many linger
Ae’ that of tho National Carbon Company of
. Pittaburg. This concern has {ts many prod-
ucts arranged In attractive shapes and housed
fn a commodious booth made of large blocks
Qf carbon, ~~ .
; , Atiothor branch of elootrical industry {8
._ WOll iMtustrated in tho exhibit put on by R. W.
. Waguer & Co, of Chicago, which conssists of
_ @lsctric-thorapeutical “apparatus, including
two largo stactic machines and an intoresting
essortmont of X-ray appliances, Blectric
slkns, “excessively brilllent and original Jn
design,. aro senttered through tho building.
Its interlor In the evening Is bathed In a ficod
pf resplondent brightness, . r
collective hintorfcal exhibit, which furnishes
+, oppartunity for study to those not familiar
-with tho beginnings of the art. It includes
Ploncer work by the Edison and other com-
Many of tho things shown look ro- |=
seh: Sens ae:
Ban tte. naman catane | atan_Penhahly...tho._.montyalabornta and’
it Se eet San as
; In ‘the woat end of tho bullding thore ts a |FR7 . =
[PHOTOCOPY]
Brooklyn, NY, ~ Eagle : ; ;
MAY .A9"1901 °°
"LRCTRICIY AT THE FAIR. |
Hingara Falls Will Supply the En-
orgy That Will Run the Machin-»
ory and Uuminatethe
Grounds, 2 os
ees i
AUBOTRICITY 1s :playing a con-
S apicuous part at the “Pan-
Amorlcan Bxposition. It Ja the
energy “that makes tho |.
Corea “wheels ‘go: round,” it cro-
nica, now nod ptariling offects on the Mid-
way Iti propela-the, launches on tho canats,
vane
it’ Ia tho force that carrlos mill-
fons: of people te and trom the grounds. At
night ojectricity: Ughta the grounds “and
smminates:the bulldings, fountains} cascades
nent imiligsta & degreo of beauty and bril}-
Inney'nover: witnessed before. And all this
foro {a gonerated at Niagara Falls, 20
miles away. bog be
‘Aaldo from tho wide use of oleciricity as a
inctiva *, power, there ig. oa ‘magaificont
exhibit of olectrical appliances in ‘the Blec-
trleity Bullding. This ‘structure ia of Span-
ish Tenntasanco: .architecturo,- covered . with
ninff, artlativally’ colored ‘aud adornod’ with
noulpture, Sta dimonsions being 600 by 150
feot. ‘Two of the aplondld towers of tho
nullding rise toon holght ‘of 168 ‘foot, whilo
{hosp at’ tho narth entrance “are 128 foot
High. qt wos: tho chict alm’ to ‘miko tho
oloctriaal, oxhtbit..a collective : rather than
un éxqlinively’ commercial one, Following
out this’ purpose . there are o number of
retrogfcc}ivo exhibits of o historical inter
est, ‘showing "the advances jn ‘tho art and)
selericg of, oloctrical' dovelopmant, Tho com-
riorelal SOxbtbit-" in not» noglocted, how-
over; and :overy: heart posseuslDE ata.
(vo morlt is on exhibition.
es of among tho. oxhibits in the electricity
bulding Is tho showing mado by the ae :
Bieatric Company... ‘Thin inaludes o ten jes
mifithe locomotive of,the Intest type, Au cle
trie holst and high pressure oloctrically opers
ated’ puinps sich as are used ID minlng.
‘Another Intoresting . fenturo domonstrates
tho most improved electric motor arrange-
ment for operating surface roliway and olber
cars, This exhibit, conslats of tho floor of
a car, with trucks attached, tho wholo sus-
pended four or five fect above the floor of
the building. Tho mative power 1a in the
trucks, ‘Tho-whools revolve with lightning
rapidity, but aro easily controlled by tho
perfectod brake arrangement. Anothor in-
structive demonstration 16 tfint of tha three
rail electric traction system, known a8 tho
surface contact system. ‘This conslets of con~
tact pointe placed equally distant along tho
rail. ‘Tho rall $e made alivo by tho passage
of tho car over theso points. ‘Tho Genoral |,
Bleotrio Coinpany nlso Mustrates tho altor- |:
natlhg constant current are lighting systont, |,
by moans of which tho entire putlding - 18
nated, °* :
ape ‘Weatinghouso extilbit occupies the ene
tira contral area of the bullding.* Among}:
other things, It numbors a 300 horse power
‘gas engine of tho latest type. This engine
drives a dynamo, which furnishes enorgy for |
‘the Nornst inmps and"electric signs, which |;
Hight the domo of’ tho: bullding most brite
Nantly.. Thora aro moro thon 100 Nernst
lamps in’ the ‘dome, giving botween -40,000
and 60,000 candie power Ight to that contor.
In the’ Wostinghouso exhibit thoro ‘are as
woll heavy mining locomotives, dynamos, ote.
Tho Stanley !Hivotrlo Manufacturing Com-
pany has n 1,000-kllowatt (equivalent, to a -
4,600-horae power dynamo) in ita exhibit.
This machIno Is not in oporation. Tho clatin|*
mado for {t fs that it 1a bullt on the Intest
volts = ete
- Students ‘of electrical onergy aro Interested
in. tha-two madela of tho Ningarn Falla trans-
formor plant shown horo, Ono shows tho
goncral Jayout of the great powor bullding at
‘tho Falla and tho other a cross acction of the
+ p¥eweht station at tho Falls, with ono of the}
units ‘In oporation, .
‘Who Edison Manufacturing Company haa
st parsonal inventions of Thomas A. Edison on
exhibition, and or y, tao,
+ “Tho new Edison storage battery thermo-atcc-
tric batteries aro chown hors. Considorablo
enterprise is shown by tho Stromborg-Carlson
Tolophono Manufacturing Company: in ox-
ploitiug its system. This company has in
* pnoration a freo telophone aystem connecting
, @ll of the bulldings on the grounda. i
« ve Tho-Kollogg Switchboard and Supply Com-
“.» pany of Chicago has as the most striking:
+ , fonture of {ts oxhibit a complote contral
‘phono office, with “hello girls’ at work, an
well na a romarkibly interesting abowing of
thol Intest applinnces and dovices in tale-
.phonia mechanism, + . .
‘Anothor display around which many Inger
ds that of tho Nationa! Carhon Company of
. .Pittaburg. This concern hos ite many prod-
ucts arranged in attractive sliapes and houscd
in o commodlous booth mado of large blocks
Qf carbon,
_ Another branch of electrical industry !s
| WOM Mlustrated In tho exhib{t put on by R. W,
, Wagner & Co, of Chicago, which consslati of
elootrio-thorapeutical npparatus, including
, two lnrgo atactio machines and an intorostlug
oa essortmont of X-ray appliances. Electric
sikns, oxccssively brillient and original In
.., Meglgn, aro scattered through the bullding,
1 +a. Ita interfor in the evening Is bathed In a flood
{ resplondont brightness. *
“, In tho woat end of tho building thore ts a
collective tulstorical exhibit, which furnishes
+ opportunity for study to those not famiilar
«3 >with tho beglonings of the art, It includes
,-¢ -plonoor work by tho Edison and othor com-
panies. ° Many of the things shown look ro- |*
ys markably erndo in comparison with. tho croa-
. tlons of to-day, ‘
While’ the Columbian Exposition was tho
first. to romain opon at night, tho itumina-
tlon thero was far inferior to what It ts
‘ “SOUTH ENTRANCE OF ELECTRICITY BUILDING.
sess eng neta oe
ens
—
“Ines, and Is capablo of gonorating 12,000
at the Pau-Amortean. For tts powor, oles-|eion. Probably tho most elnborato * and
trical! displays and nightly illumination, tho | boautltul
olectrical © displny Is «tho
exposition -recolves from the - power com-|Eloctric Towor and Fountain, Tho tower
pany {about 6,000. horse powor,. which un- | Is 409 fect in height, the base being 80 foot:
Gergoes’a Joss of 20 por cont. In ‘transmls- | square, on tho onat and weat aldes of which.
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
=
:
+
two colonnades, 75 feot high, turn’ to tho
south, Whon tho tower ts undor full illu-
mination. !t is covered with more than:
40,000 incandecacont iamps. Consummate
skill: has dDeon omployed in placing the Nights,
go that the Illumination !s evon * over
tho ontiro surface, The interior of tho tow-"
or is o hive of ‘Industry, Thore’ are
restqurants, roof gardons, loggias, pavil-:
ibns and cupolas. “Jn addition to tho'lghts,
ypon, tho tower, there are Ulatributed |,
dver,tho grounds more than 600,000 alectric |
Mehts, the {iumination from which *ox-
ceeds In quantity that of ‘any othor equal
fron artificially illuminated. At: the’ baso
of the tawor is tho basin, which dupplivs
1,600,000 gallons of. wator por hour to the
alectric fountains, Theso are played upon
at night by’ 100 forge sized Acarohiights.
During tho months Jn which the exposition |,
-}18 to bo open the Buffalo-Niagnra region is to
ho the scone of the greatest searchlight ex-'|:
hibition over witnessed. For ‘miles on evéry
aldo of Duffalo and tho exposition grounds
thera; flash through the sky, and across’
the country, even to Harriton and. Toronto, | |
beams of Hight projected: from tho lamps
operated by. Niagara: powor. Two powortul |;
‘thirty Inch projoctor® are placed on the
860 foot Jovel of tho Electric Tower, and ‘tho
rays from theso aro. -mot miles away by
almilar beams from +n (projector of ‘equal
Qrilltancy inetalled,’on. tha. top of tho
great, Observation Tower. at Ningara Mails,
tfventy-two miles away.’ The’ two bosms’
light ,meeting in the: sky‘ forma crown ¢
light, ‘not only for the exposition,,but for't!
ontiro, ‘eurrounding;’ country. °'*
THE OHILDREN'S BUILDING?
_'Thof Children's Bullding Is alfuated on tho
: south midway, adjolning:“Veriice in Amerl-
peat’: It Ie a two ‘story’ biflding, 76x60 feat,
and fitted with ‘parlors, reception rooms aud
a dlot’ kitchen for the preparation of food for
children, In tho second story thero ls a dor-
.[ ailtory contalning tty cota,
eas etre
nts SEW dot
| First, Best and Largest,
INCORPORATED 1885.
. No,—————-
aes :
PARK PLACE
NeWyORK (ty
; tae (A
2 [hited
ene
ne
me Ts Not’ Apprehensive.
|
TIA ;
as A. ,bdison, tha inventor, after}
nat mratetig Sh unqualtttea denial toroue
a subordinate, admitted: to-day that ae
had received a letteF threatening in < j
‘tect to kidnap his 12-year-old Saugh' eT e,
iM deline, 1f a certain sum of money Aiea
t forthcoming. Mr, Edison sald, ont
ver, that he attached no importance wal
he letter, and did not fear for the safety ,
tid, -
The letter was printed, evidently ‘on am
ordinary hand press. There are certa’ 1
; clues in the nossesston of the West Orage }
j authorities which Jeud them to believ i
that the cplatic was sent by a young man}
living in the font whose mind is snewn,
unbalunced. + ”
heres expected that the young man will
be questioned us to the matter, ‘si i
fom HOA, PL terete
[PHOTOCOPY]
: First, Best and Largest.
j INCORPORATED 1845,
No.
jpn
f PARK PLACE
hes ay
‘e749 0
le raent (
; STONY Slandaeé-notoy
——-
THE
o months five-year-old ‘Itala:
E nb iné' of the children whom the
Orptige: Kidnaperé, threatened to’ steal
s ‘hidden with her mother and slater
In: the bonrding house kept by = Mrs.
Basso, ‘nt 295 South Sixth, street, this
cht =
At" the request of Thomas A, Edison,
against whose daughter kidnapera also
made” threats, Mra, Blanch, Itale’ ond
the ‘older daughter, Rina, have returned
to Orange to afd, if Possible in the de-
tection of the criminals,
. Victor Blancht, the father, is a whole-
sale Hquor merchant, - Until a year ago
not ‘a shadow menaced the happiness of
his‘home. Then he received a letter
prvarning him that untess he deposited
$600 at a place designated Itala would be
he to’ any one, but-complled with the
rder, Nine months later canie a’ simi-
jar: letter,” this time demanding $3,000,
find the frightened father concluded that
to. save his Mttle girl he must break up
his family. ' His wife and daughter Jert
Orange, dstensibly to go to Europe; but
instead they came to this city." i
“They arrived here March 13, sald
Mrs, Basso Yesterday, : “For 9 month the
mother would not permit: Italn to go out
.on ‘the streets, During thelr stay -the
second. threatening letter was recelved
dn Orange. It threw, the family” into
fresh- terror, which even the baby
‘shared, for when the belt Tang” or.”
: a
stranger entered the house she. would
rush-to her mother for Protection, They
left here May 13 and are going to Europe
shortly,"
—P
wake.
{ '
|
|
|
|
!
First, Best and Largest.
. “= INCORPORATED 1885.
t
+ No,
é
ee ee
jor Ms |
A PARK PLACE
NEWYORK CTY
Ms,’ 40
usec
, From J ats,
MAY 25 199)"
JG REMC ALU UE LULALIL) By
et eee
1
EDISON DAUGHTER'S |
“JKIDNAPPING ‘A. JOKE}:
ae — ++ F
‘Threatening Latters to the Wizard,
"(' Sald to! Have ween Written by
wt 8 Wicked, Orange Boy.
} Dhomas,:A, Edison, tho olectrical fd \
nd,'who ives’ in a handsome mansion
a LiLlowel ark)’ N.1J:;-has"mocelved,
hal “all ceigned |
kt and throatoning tos
benutlful ‘daughter Madeline
had'a‘Landioma:auni.of money
} spot: in!
Bay eee
Izard.was annoyed. and
‘even ‘somewhat alurmed. “Mien he dls-
covered that bis neighbors bad received
‘ahmilar ‘notes! They wero’ printed on
‘ellps: of paper and erldently struck off!
‘trom ‘a email drand press. ‘I'he spelling
‘was. load, ‘but the threats vero blood-
eurdiing.’ _
"Mr, EXlison ‘and his nefghobre, among
-Yuem Douglas Robinson, B. O. Chisolm,
‘0. D. Munn, J. Crosby Brown nnd}
others, decided to employ two detectives
to hunt for “Dare Devil Dick," who they
became convinced was some Ind in tho I
villayo that lind rend of recent — kdd- [fii
napping exploits ‘in the newspapers and
{|,Avanted to try his hand,
{ Mr. Edison when aeen nt hia home at
Llewellyn ‘Park by a reporter today was
‘inclined to make light of the whelo af-
tair, $
{It fa true," mtd he, “int myself and:
several other cosidents ‘have ‘recelved
i] threatening Ietters ‘aud that ave havo
taken eteps to find tho sender, Tt'seems
‘Yertala that somo"boy ts at'tho’ bottoni
‘ot, tho whole affaip, for avhen the de-
.pyand that money ‘ho left in the monntalng
4s’ mado no, articular spot is Stipulated,
‘It js, neva: Rs, uinoying to lave
thrents muds /vlow up your house and
jkidnap ‘or ‘shoot one's children, and I
topped.
mi “aow't it where the joke comes in,
[if ono is intended, But © hopo we will
Veatch ‘Dare Devil Dick’ and’ find out
i] what he means by St, anyway,’”"
‘}. Meanwhile the wealthy residents of
{| Liewellyn Park sce to It that watchmen
gard their houses woll and that! the
‘children do not wander far anvay. unpro-
tected hy nurses, nee
: Waispn’s. Brou.
ugar Ren) Jara ans
‘nvould |havejaiJob}totoy ,
sei sevbladelina iit
‘bound for Paterson, ten days ngo.
‘rprevented by the Gerry Soelety. ;
oh te,
[PHOTOCOPY]
> Dor, Our shoe patient |
“well "guezded-and:ai expert Jddnapper
ly: well gu aes
LA
inasigtnnt being ‘John (ennessey. Police-
B ett oote, tho regular svatchmnan ‘of the
ipark,yas nlso looling for intruders,
said he. had seen the Jetter sent
WSietEdlaon, but no one had any clue to
i martte of tho writer. The writing
t lehowod education. A largo baud of
| igypaloa parsed through the Oranges,
1
years old, is an avcomplished singer and 3} With the tlieats to ilduap,
dancer, lifer father:is very proud of her
‘| accomplishments in these lines, ‘Three| ; at, of writing io, kttinappinge
ears ago she and ‘her brother were to yfOuly one Mnk tn the
have appeared at a children’s carnival in} agalnat {its nan ts wisstue, the knowledge
” First, Best and Largest
‘INCORPORATED 1883.
No.
=. For.
From the
pers |
NEWYORK Ty
Ny Pare 610)
s [eco
{
|
!
|: Fray vier: inumal
MY 69 6900,
| 4 ( ¥
SU DO0REWIA FOR
~ ORANGE LETTER.
TERS
Jolin Melntyre,'one of the Proprietors of
F/tho Ceutrat Hotel, Ornuge, N. J, Inst night
f offered $1,000 reward for the arrest and
‘conviction of the writer of this latter,
Tlwhich be recived yesterday: * :
Mr Melutyre~Dear,Sir: You fire Request-
Meat by the Orauge Buonesa men of Orange
Ty to glye ve Weylng.your Grocertes and meat!
af fram 8 8a. tu other artkels (articles?
>} We Rewnre'ta make yon Glye Up Selling
0
on Buday, Untess this ts atopned by You
and You will have ‘Troubel also with yout
Voseene it not Stopped:
} ‘The letters revetved by ‘Thoung. A, il.
tyson; Warren Smith and Wietds” Banehte
Orange, demanding money and threatentng’
| to Kidoap thelr children, wero printed from
Hrubber type. the letter to Mr, Medutyre:
Twas typewritten in lose §mttation of thy
{ other letters, but on ifferent paper, Whel
‘letter was Unpunetuated and was: matted!
at’ the Orange Lost Oflee, at 1:30 Pe. oni
on Monday Inat, oe
Tho Pinkerton ¢ y t
hunting for the welttten tho emeentette
Jetters” to Kitlion nnd others, have been
pucelang Mh at the Contrat Hotel. Mr, Me.:
[tent to eeghten Ace We 2eeeled wig a
“[the detectives, ae send ve awEy
‘They left tho hotet sentorday, but |.
tp less to any not becuusa of the fetter “to
y) thetr hort. They changed thetr teld of,
«| onerationx—wont no one knows where, 1
Slace he ant hin brother rented the Cen.)
2 tral Hotel three Htonths ago, Mr, McIntyre’
‘ portage ne buteher, Hut he Is quite
ye nt ad nat prove! ;
of the etter to nin * a“ writing
Silson's hore ts Htitl warded by ari
nen: the cldidren af the {Vatren Snitthe wad
Mlancht tamltles ire hot permitted an the,
fn By fiemselven, Md uty. other
" ke “the “same” pre yi
thefe cathe, fe precaution “with
Leone Known yeaterday that ‘K n
Freotnn, prealdent of the Moratawnnige
I) Truse' Company, had recelved a threats
eulogy letter, and Chict of Potlee Lent
Wellt to ‘Mortlatown, Keturntug, thé Ghivt!
el ee eee
‘age nn
at the letter oY i as
Madclino ison, though but ewelvol | Sait Mean Oranzet tty RECem ne not
had nothtug to
; The Chtot ta gtlll closely watehtug ‘the
man In Orange. who te AU Ktrongly suspect.
evitence,
echiln of ovlitence
H nanetat transaction fn whieh he wag
‘fGarnegic Lyceum, New York, but were af lately engaged,
tl. Bala the Chict yesterday: i
We are pretty near ta .
{leont those. f aaniping Totter, nad fe rie
fyosaiile to obtain: thy oxttcnce T shall ace
nf che writer tp punlshed. thts kind of work
Will be made dangerotts hore, Aa it ta, 1!
muy lay the care hefore the next Untted’
Staten Grand Jury, aud $e that bay sees.
ft to Indlet, nil rtiht, Anyhow, 1 shall put
County Proseeutor Riker ‘tn Poasension: of
Ppbe te, kone an 1 he ye to go before:
* Grout dur; 2 j
aithough elt, wauld ary ae dime
se enn be mu: y
woot the malts: Pen Oe male
ie : * 2
Fe rad
Bf Wnt
\
mn C Mpy 25,4404]
ehev writer, He cattt the nttontion af hls corre
spetent by cloghag bells by means of bar muy.
ats. Hla eedies are aise toyed by bre mignetsy,
wt the letters are fe by ane, two ae theee
s okey to the cheb ag te the jet,
M lentelona's tation)
ats. Blundevilo, Thomas, 'Lheorlques of Ue
seven planets: want descriptions of le, Gil
t S$ two Instruments for seamen dnding he
sltide."
Lu00. Kopler, J. “Astronmmia nova.” (One of the
West promlient works on astranomy ever publisticed.
in the Mbrary will also he found the 1650) ed!
my,
th Midtey, Mark. “rentise of imagnetical
(he Hes and mettons.”
1016, Rarlowe, Willam, “Magnelleall, Adver-
‘iacmonts nnd properties of (he londstone,* (Iwo
eaples,
AULT, Stradue, TP. “Prolustones Acndemlcac.”
(“Contulng Stridae’s curious verses upot an fag.
Inary telograph.') x
JUua5. Carpenter, Nath, “Geography delinented
rth fn two boukes,””
fh. Le Stour Zaconl “tlvee @arithmetique
un tral de Ja boussole,"”
Von Etton), “ieerens
a Leurechon, ds ‘an
Whithematlyae compo: eat leurs problemes,
H a,
Meo the Engliat edldor
M27. Bromendh, Te Metcovologigorum, {orl
Hop,’ This is the very secures tirst editlon’ which
Ix In few Ubravles, 1s not dn the Beltish Mus:
ony gor da Wt in’ the Ronalds Collectlon, Libel
Caudogue of IKUL, page U2s, snys that it is a
work replete with curtous Information, he pulwa-
Ulons of Lhe heart, reckoned at 4,150 for each hour,
tre employed by the author to ealeulate the dls
pos
ton ¢ thonde
1629, Ca iM Nicolas, "Phtlosophin maynetica
To qua wa; tie untura penttus explicntur ..
C'sn tiportant work an the Joadstone, In whieh
the author confites the published treatise of Dr.
GNbert, of Colchester, aud quotes. the unedited
writings uf 1. Garon, who, even before Gilbert,
fad niade rexearehes respectiig: the umgnet.
curla chapter In this work “institutes, a com
on between electrical and magnetieal attrac.
tur
(udL, Kircher, Ath “Are magnesia’ (rhe
libear Ukewlse, tha “Magnes Slye de
rt of Wi, and the “Maguetleum
of Lutz.)
t willvo, “Dinlogo sopra | die slp
femd del monde muco ¢ Coperntenne,” (This
ie tho “euppressed” work whieh brought [ts muithor
‘he dungeons of the fnquisitlon.) Mbrary
Ke editions of 1085 and the “Systema
UAE a SUN
. Gellthrand, ttenry. “A discourse
Woon the Variation of the Magnetle N
wise the Herlin reprint of 18
$i, Mr. Ulundevile, tls exere! AD
ordinarily ine cupy of S00 pa » partly ty
clear Black Telter, and contulilng all the separate
pines
Tnagnetlen®
e regan
Guliel,
vedle,”*
tnventer, Dantet “Deliela Physieu-
Petrus, "Pe natura artis que
“SoM. “Cogitata Pnyateu:
eContiulny tot any a very Tater
HY naytgation, bat, lev
‘om teading selentlsts of (Watt 4
ow be fonnd.)
Woot, Th “Le parfalet Souler.’
}
it
he Latte edition of 1047,
IGG. Brows, Phomes, “teendodaxia Lpidem~
fea (Ths ts Urat edition, Vhe }. y
alse contains the ty Kearce “Lsendotoxia’ edie
Mon uf 1058,
)
1047, Arrigh), UW “Saplentiag pignus amatite
philoxophin autversa.” (Treats ol many selences
s-adlronony, ineteorulogy, ele.)
WAL. Mtleeiod. UB. Almagestum noyuimn age
{ sunomnlatn,
Robert. “The notary art of
ving the cabalixticat key of Bleal
ay) ions, (This ts the frst Bagtlsh writer who
Kived 1 figure of the mnagnetle dint)
1001, Glanvil, J, “The vanity of dogimutizing.”
Also Ute “Scepals selon of 1006,
(aus, Garzonk I “ia pian universate df
intte le professiont det mendo,” (Ag fis thle Ine
dleales, the author has Couched upon almont. every-
thing, fhe work contalns articles upon Astron:
omy, Astrotogy, Alchemy, Arimumetie, etc.)
472. Guerieke, Oto You, “xperlmenta nova
Mogdeburglca de vacuo spatio.” Contalns drawlug
of the earHert form of the clectrleal tanchine.)
OSt. A, Kubdman and A. Sleeher, "Epistolata
de Arte magun
16St. Lants,
urae eb arils, opus physlco-mathematioum,
verliatte cyclopedh of all selences connected with
mntoral plllosuphs: ee
aN3. Eredericl, Ik “Cryplographla.” (‘Cone
he eariickl axuuple of tha ‘Morcke’ eile.)
Hale, Sir Matthow, “Magietlamius
Nnelaphyeslent aud Vise contemplat tots
the mungact or tondstone.”
Allogether, (he Latimer Clark library
proper embraces 5,408 books and OL dif-
ferent periodicals and pamphlets repre-
senting 1,378 volumes, or a grand total of
6,876 separate entries,
The new constitution was adopted after
discussion. ‘I'he reports of the secretary
and treasurer were read and showed a
total membership of 1,260 and a cust
Dalanee of $1,451.48, Dr. A.B. Kennelly
i
1
‘Tertius de. Magisterlum male
[PHOTOCOPY]
XELECTRICAL REVIEW (Vol 3%]
then read bis paper on The Hdison storage
Iatiory, as Pollawss
I take plone tn bringing to the notlee
of the Institute, this evening, a nove) typo
af storago battery, recontly invented by Mr.
Bdlson, .
{t Is well known that the history of the
storage coll Is assentially that of the lend
cell discovered by Planté by £860, tn which
lead peroxide 1s the depolarizing substance,
An enormous amount of Inhor has, in the
aggregate, been expended upon the improve:
ment of this coll In tho. hands of oexperi-
montalists, As no rostit of that labor, the
storage battery has at last become 2 recog:
nized adjunct to dtrect-current central sta-
tions, but It has limitations that seem to
withstand furthar attempts toward iImprovo-
ment, Of recent yenrs, hardly any success
has been met with In the direction of reduc:
ing its weight for a given enorgy-storage
capacity, without dotriment to endurance,
and this weight {s the great drawback of the
storage battery in electric storage traction,
tnd has been the principal obstacle to: Its
advance in this direction for the past 20
years, F
In practice, the storage energy por unit
|
ED WITH TUE
BEY,
Tye ov Merautic Cran Us!
Emegon Stonaas Bat
tags of the modern lead battery, [5 from four
to six watt-hours per pound of battery (8.8
do 13.23 watt-hours per kllogramme). Bx.
pressed in another way, u battery welghs
from (24.6 te 186.5 pounds per horse-power-
hour nt fls terminals (78.5 to 113.4 kos
per kilowalt-hour); or, If 11s stored enorgy
available nt lerminals were all expanded in
gravitational work, a battery could raiso [ts
own welght through a vertical distance of
from two to threo miles (3.2 lo 4.8 kilo-
metres).
While it {is possible to inerensa the
energy per unit mass by making the olec
trodes very light, yot this is always found
to he followed by a very heavy deterioration,
Many attompts have also been made to
perfect storage cells of the alkallne-zlnento
type, but the great difficulty of depositing
zine in coherent form from the solution, ag
well ns the lack of a dopolarizer that shall
be Insoluble in the electrolyte, has stood In
the way of this cell’s success. °
Mr, Edison sot himself the task of finding
tecell which should possess the following
tulvantages:
1, Abeence of dctorloration by work.
2. Large storngd vapacity por unit of mass,
3. Capablilty of betng rapidly chargad and
discharged.
4. Capability af withstanding careless
trentment, ¥
f. Tnexpens! veers.
Ilo believes that tho cell here shown may
claim thesa advantages Inn very ratisfaetory
degree.
The negative pole or positive clement, eor-
responding to the zine of a primary cell or
tho spongy lead of a secondary cell, is Jron,
The posttive pole ar negntive elemout, cor-
responding to the carbon of a primary cell
or feat peroxida of an secondary call, lp a
superoxide of. nickel believed to hava the
formils NiO, ‘The cell is theredore a nfekel-
(ron cell, a name which suggests the sirue-
Vol, 38 —Ne
Laval material—nlekoteteel Che electrats
it potash; fz, an aqueous solatlon cone
fug from 10 lo 40 pes cent by weight
preferably 20 per eent at polupshon hyde
tde, the freezing tomperatirns of whieh
20 degrees below zera Pahrenhelt or-t,
lees centigrade,
The initlal voltage of discharge afi
recent chargo is 1.6 volts, ‘Tho mean valte,
of Cull discharge is approximately 1b ..
The normal discharging current rate yp:
mit aren of actlyve elamont (positive +
negative) is 60 mile or 8.04 - 5
083 acumen The store enpaeity of the
cell por ounlt of total mass of th
coll is 14 watthours por pound = o
$0.85 watt-hours por Ilo, Expressing th
fame statement In another way, the welsh
of battery por unit of clectrie energy at ter
mlnals is 63.3 pounds per electrical horse
power-hour or 82.4 kilos por kilowatt-hour. Or
the battery gives onergy atiis terminals suit:
clent to Lift its own woight through a verti
cal distance of approximately 7 miles ou
11.26 kilometres. ‘fhe mean normal «ls:
charging power-rate per unit mass of tolu'
celd $s 4 watts por pound or 8.82 watts jo.
kilo, Corresponding to a normal disclitu.
perlod of three and one-hale hours. The wi’
may, however, be discharged at a relative!
high rate, In approximately one hour. Co
responting to a discharglug power-rate per
unit of total cell mass of 12 watts per pout.
or 26.46 watts per kilo, Charging and qd}
charging rates ave alike, That t.
say, the cetl anay be charged at
normal orate in three nnd — oned
hours; or, it may be charged st
relatively Iigh rate In one hour, with nob
yirent detriment beyend a somewhat lawer:
electrical charge efiiciency. In other w
the cell does not appear to be tnjure
overcharging or discharging. and only
fers tn eleettical efliciency under such treat
tend,
‘The pusitlyve and negative plates are u +
chinleally wie, and can scarcely be tlatly
guished by the eye, They differ only in **
chemleal contents of thelr pockets, ‘37+
samples bere exhibited, whlely are Intended
for automobile batteries, Wlustrate the cor
atructlon., iach plate is formed of as.
piradvely thin’ sheet of steel, 0.084 4
(0.61 mn.) in Uitckuess, ont of whielt ree
lungilar holes tre slamped, so as to le.
nogrid or frame somewhat resombline
window-frame. [i the plate here shown
thare are three rows of eight such re
einem holes or recesses, or 24 recesse.
aul
Each opening or recess is fled with +
pocket or snallow hex containing the acti.
mnnteriat, These boxes correspond to tie
pines of gtass In the window-frame anaiogys
The panes instead of being thinnor than th
frame, as In an actual window, are thlutes
than the frame, or project slightly beyond
the surface o€ the steel grid. ‘They are per
forated with numerous smell holes to adi *
the electrolyte, but entirely conceal the cun
falned active material from view. All that
meets the eye, therefore, in any of the plat:
is the steel frame, and its embedded “win
dows” of perforated steel,
The actlve inaterlal ig made in the form of
reetangilar cates or briquettes, and one such
lriquette is lodged In each pocket or “win
dow pane” of the plate. Bach of the plate:
shown, therefore, supports, ar contains. .!
briquettes of active material, all in right
contaet with iis own substances,
Rach briguctte fs placed tn a shallow
closely fittlog ulckel-wated box of thin por
forated cructble steel, cut from a long alriy
of that material 0.003 Inch (0.075) mm.)
{ek A cover or lid of the same materia
is then laid over it, so thal the briquette i
closely enveloped by the sides and walls of
tts porfornted steel box, ‘The boxes are then
placed In the openings or holes in the nick
plated steel grid, and closely AL the saa
The assembled plate ts then placed in a he
Araulic press, and subjected to a total prue
ure of about 100 tons. This pressuro not
»
May 25, 1901°
only thslitly closes the bexus, but it alse
torees thelr metal sides over tha adjacent.
sldes of the recesses [n the steel grid, thus
clamping the wholo mass Into a single solid
and rigid steal plate with the hollow “wine
dow panos” Cull of actlye material ‘The
nickel-plating of both grids and boxes aida
fn securing good permanent olectric connec:
{fons hetween them, ‘The finished plate las
a grid thickness of 0,024 inch (0.66 mm.),
and a “window” or pocket thickness of 0.1
inch (2.6 mm.), ‘This js the maximun
thickness of tha plate at any polnt, but be
Ing of steal, the plate has ample righty.
[PHOTOCOPY]
ELECTRICAL’ REVIEW
uvea of nearly three inches by one-halé Inch
on euch face, .
Tho negative Drlynette (earbon of a pri-
inary cell) is made by similarly mixing a
flnely divided compound of nickel, obtained
by special chemical means, with a nearly
equal butk of fine Makes of graphite and
solidifying the mixture in a mould into brl-
quettes of the same size us above, 7
A suitable number of positive and negative
plates are assembled together, being sap:
rated from one another only by & (hin sheet
of perforated hurd rubber.
‘The assombled plates are placed ina vessel
Curves or Discnanan of Epmon CELL At
he positive briquettes (zincs of a pri-
inary celly are made by mixing a finely dl-
vided compound of {ron obtained by a special
hemica! process with a nearly equal volume
ut thin flukes of graphite. The graphite does
not enter into any of the chomical actions,
or extornal containing-cell of sheet steel con-
taining the potash solution, which, of course,
doves not wttrcK steel, There was, howaver,
much difiiculty from the actlon of the potash
on the sowered senms of the steel containing:
vessel, After many trials, however, Mr, Edl-
jo6-—-30 ——-}-—---+
vt 20 p———|] +
*|ea-—- 40 on oo
0 Wers “TF
Mu
t
GH
nickel compound, oxidizing It to the hyper:
oxtle of niekel, NIO,, a) higher oxide thin
the peroxile, In other words, the charging
enrrent slmply carries oxygen in the opposite
dtyection against the forces of chemical
atiintty, trem the fron to the. nickel, and
stores the energy In the reduced iron, which
1s, of course, unaffected and passlve in the
presence of the potash solutlon, On dis-
charge, the current passes from the positive
polo through the external clreult to the
negative pole, and Its attached lron or posi-
tlve plato, and then through the solution to
the negatlye or superoxide plate, In so do-
Ing tho oxygen moves back against the cur-
vent and partlally reduces the nickel super:
oxide NiOg while oxidizing the spongy iron,
The cnergy of burning of the Lron and oxygen
which would bo developed as heat jn the
ordinary chemicat process is now Hberated
in the clrcuit as electrical energy.
‘'Vhe cell is an oxygen-lift. Charging pulls
the oxygen away from the fron and delivers
{t tomporarftly to the nickel, ‘he condition
is then stable, until the clrcult of the cell is
completed. Discharge then allows the oxygen
to full back from the nickel to the Iron with
the natural allinity of tron and oxygen.
‘This action Is yery different from that
which takos place in the lead storage cell.
Here, neglecting compilcation, the action is
usually regarded for practlenl purposes as
Lelng ropresented by the equation
PhO,-+-211, 80, 4-Pb= PbSO ,--21L,0-F PHSOy-+
WH) watt-hours,
where the left-hand sito representa the con-
dition of charge and the right-hand side the
condition of discharge. Here oxygen is not
simply transferred in dischurge from the
peroxide to the spongy lead, but the solution
{Is changed (theoretically) from an aqueous
solution of sulphuric acid to plain water. Of
course the discharge could not practically be
carried to the point of denuding the solution of
all sulphurie acid, und a surplusage of acid
must be used, The equation gives a mere theo-
rotleal outline of admittedly very complex
renctions. In other words, the speeific gray-
ity of tho sulphurle acid solution falls dur-
ing the discharge, and tho solution onters
into the chemicat combination. ‘fheorcti-
eally, for every 445 grammes of active ma-
tertal on both plates, 196 gramines of snl-
i
ass Cinpere Hew:
meen on irs
3 !
+
cy
Conves oF Discitange or Saati Mucrimes Enon Cun Werauina 25 Pouxps, :
but assists the conductivity of the briquettes.
The graphite 1s divided {nto very thin
laminw by a chemical process, und these are
passed through sieves or screens so as to
leave ao size or aren of fluke that is much
larger than the aren of the perforation in
tha stecl windows. The mixture is then
pressed [nto briquettes in a imould, under a
hydraulle pressure of about two tons per
sintare inch. ‘The briquettes have a surfuee
son found a solder which seems to be entirely
unaffected by the allcall.
In charging, the current 1s, of course, sent
juto the positive pole and ‘its attached negn-
tive nielkel-plate, through the eleetrolyte,
and Into the positive plate of the fron com-
pound which carries the negative ‘pole, ‘Phis
current deoxidizes or reduces the compound
to spongy metallic tron und carries the
oxygen through the film of electrotyte to the
Phurie acld are required to effect the combi-
nation, or 44 per cent hy weight of the ac-
tive olements, and in practice ft 1s usual to
alow a welght of sulphurle acld nearly equal
to half the welght of the clements, or about
one-quarter of the total wefght of the cell,
In the new Edison cell, on the othet hand,
the theoretical netlon of the potash solution
is merely to provide the proper channel
through whieh the oxygen lons may travel
{
868
in one direction or the othor-—positive plate
te negative plate jn charge, and negattve
plate to positive plate In discharge. Conse
tuontly, the amount of solutlon needs only to
ho suffciont to fulfll mechanical require
ments. It is belloved that the weight of
solution will In practice be only about 20 per
cent of the plate welght or about 14 por cont
of tho cell woight. In fact tho coll may be
Worked fn the same manner as tho so-caliod
primary “dry-colls.” Morcover, If the soltt-
tion should escupe, or be carried away, by
gasing in charging, the ouly dotriment scoms
to be tho loss of active surfaco thereby oc
vitstoned, and it will only be necossary to fill
up the cells to the proper level with water
from timo to timo as evaporation or gasing
may lower tke level. For the same reason
tho specific gravity of tho electrolyte docs
not appreciably vary during charge and dis-
charge,
The briquettes of active matorial slightly
expand on recoiving oxygen, and slightly
ah aeenene cate eee
Vantous Tyres oy Buiquertes AND Pi
untract on delivering it, that ts to say,
tha fron briquettes contract and the nickel
'riquettes expand during charge, while on
«ischarge the fron briquettes expand and the
«iekol briquettes contract. Tho level of tho
solution {s fn this way scarcely affected. Tha
‘ypausions and contractions of the briquettes
-s#pear to be well within the elastic limits
af tne spring-stoal containing-boxes, and con-
vequently the electric contact [ts always se
ane. Tho covers or sides of the window
pockets merely approach to or recede from
each other slightly during charge and dis-
‘harge. Fortunately, steel is a metal which
vussesses this mechanical elasticity In a
murked degree.
‘Tho action of the charging and discharg-
ing current upon the briquettes seams to be
transferred from thoir external surfaces in-
sitrds In a manner eimilar to the transfor
ul earbon and oxygen {n the process of mak-
Ing malleable cast fron in the furnace on the
principle of cementation. No active material
ius been found to be ejected from the bri-
unettes through the window perforations,
‘von under dolberate overcharging and
‘Nacharging, Such gas as is thereby pro-
Iuced’ makes its appearance on the external
surface of the windows.
If the nickel compound had no affinity for
oxygen, 50 that energy was nollhor developed
hor absorbea tn the deoxidation or furthor
oxidation of that substance, then the energy
‘sould be entirely that due to the energy of
‘ombination of oxygen and iron, stated to be
“7 watt-hours, and representing an olectro-
motive force, theoretically obtainable, of
1.47 volts. If the combination of oxygen with
the nickel compound be oxothormic or
“nergy-releasing, then the walt-hours deliv-
ered (and the electro-motivo foreo) will be
ie woned by the energy necessarily paid back
‘o break up the combination.
[PHOTOCOPY]
ELECTRICAL REVIEW
If, on the other hand, the combination is
endothermic or onorgy-absorbing, then: tho
watt-hours dellvored (nnd the ctectro-mo-
tive force) will be Increased by tha energy
restored on broaking up the combination.
Sluice the superoxide seems not to have been
known hithorto, no Information concorning
its onergy of combination Is obtainable. The
clectro-motive force of the coll seems to bo
so near to that of the union of fron and
oxygen as to suggest that the nickel supor-
oxide is not far trom boing neutral, or that
tho nickel compound has but Httle affinity
for oxygen, although the superoxide appears
to be quite stable in tho cell.
The new coll does not seem to bo appre:
cinbly Influenced by changes of temperaturo,
and should stand a yory low temperature
without detriment. Tho olectrolyte—potash
—does not attack any of tho ingradiqnts of
the cell, nor aro any of the Ingredients solu.
ble thorein, No local action occurs In the
coll so far as has yot beon observed since the
electro-motive force !a below that necessary
to decompose water,
Tho cell mny bo fully discharged to the
practical zoro‘polnt of electro-motive force
without dotriment. In fact, a cell has not
only been completely discharged, but re-
charged in the reverse or wrong dlrection,
and after bringing 1t back to its originally
charged state by proper restoration of the
direction of charging current, tho storage
capacity remained unaffected, It would
seem, therefore, that the cell should be capn-
ble of withstanding much abuse.
Diagrams are appended glying tho curves
of dischargo of oxperlmontal colls.
Mr. Edison states that “the negntlyo plate
(nickel) elthor charged or discharged, can
be removed from a working cell and dried
In the air for a week without appreciably
injuring it, and whon the plate fs flnally ro-
placed in the cell its charge is practically
undiminished,”
The positive (iron) plate, if similarly re-
moved from the coll will bo Iitewlse unin-
jured, but it soon loses its charge by the
oxidization of the spongy iron with accom-
panying liboration of heat and apprectable
riso of tomporature extending over a period
of sovoral hours, On replacing the clec-
trode, however, in the cell tho storage ca-
pactty is unaffected on recharge.
As regarda cost, Mr. Edlson belleves that
after factory facilities now in course of
preparation have been completed, hoe will be
able to furnish the colls at a price per kilo.
watt-hour not grenter than tho Provalling
price of lead cella,
Having now conaidorad tho action and
properties of the cell, a brief description may
be elven of tho diMeuitios encountered in
devoloping It.
The phenomenon of passivity has probably
kept Inventors from finding thia cell fn tho
~.
Vol. 38—No, 21
past. Mr, Hdlson bolleves that of all the
very numerous compounds of fron, and of
which ho hag tried many hundreds, the par:
ticular compound which he prepares {s por-
hapa tho only one capable of belng used,
If tho dried hydrates or oxides of Iron,
native or artificial, are subjected to otectro-
lytle reducing netion in any alkeailne solu
Uon, thoy romaln Inert and unaffected,
On tho other hand, {f finely divided fron
obtained by reducing a compound of iron
under the action of a reducing agent such o8
hydrogen or carbonic monoxide {8 subjected
to electrolytic oxidization In an alkaline solu-
tion it 1s Inert and can not be oxidized, It
aasuimes the woll-known passive state,
Tho same diMeulty of passivity affects the
use of nickel or tho negatlye clemont. Fine-
ly diylted nickel, reduced from a nickel
compound, remains inactive when subjected
to electrolytic oxygen in an alkaline solution.
The monoxide and the black-oxido or per-
oxide are also Inert. ‘No oxide of nickel 1a
ATHA Usen in ti Eorson Storage BATTERY.
active or can bo made active by electrolytic
action, and the peroxide does not act as a tle
polarizer,
‘The disenssion which followed, in which
Messrs. Mailloux, Sleinmelz, Reber, 'lor-
chio, Dr. Keith, ©. J. Reed, Intz, Hering,
Lloyd and others participated, developed
facts of unusual interest. Numerous ques.
lions were propounded, to all of whieh Dr,
Kennelly made some reply. In one or two
instances, as, for instance, {he questions
regarding the probable drop of internal
resistance in the battery or how the drop
in discharge vollage was manifested, he
was compelled to reply that he did not
know exactly, not posscasing full data on
the matter,
After a half-hour or so of discussion,
President Uering calted upon Mr. Chas.
1. Reed, of Philadelphia, for a few re-
marks, to which request Mr. Reed re-
sponded by gracefully waiving his right in
favor of Mr. Iintz, to whom he referred ag
a pioneer in storage buttery work. Mr,
Mintz then spoke briefly, stating that ex-
periments had been tried by himself and
others on batteries of iron, but without
{ho stieeess to which Mr. Edison has at-
tained.
se
passe ce
May 25, 1901
Mr, Reed then spoke at length, as tol-
lows:
Tt seems to me that this battery Is an oxecod-
Ingly Interesting one, and I for ona feel Hke
congratulating Mr, Edison on the results he
has attained, ‘The battery fs Interesting
from a chemical standpoint, belng of an on.
tlrely different type from any of the accu.
muldtors that has evar beon put into prac
tical use, ‘There have been recently some
others working In the same fleld, who havo
produced batteries of this particular type
but with other matorfals, not using Iron or
nickel, but a battery of the same typo. I
had occasion recently to examine such a
battory and was somewhat surprised at the
results, some of which were oxceedingly in-
teresting, In tha partleular ease that I ro-
fer to a battery wolghing about slx pounds
gavo, in fts best condition, a enpacity of 80
ampere-hours with an average electro-motlva
forco of one volt, or somothing like 16 watt-
hours per pound of complete coll, including
not only the active material but the clec-
trolyto jar and the negative conductors,
One pecullurity in this particwar cell was
that it showed ina inuch move marked degree
than this battery of Mr. Edison's the success-
ivo chemical changes which take place in that
call. In other words, the curve instond of
boing a curve of eharge and discharge—in-
stead of belng stralght or being a single
curve—was a multiple curve. ‘The charge
curve was of this form (making a slotch on
the blackboard), ‘The electromotive force
here nt the beginning of the chargo heing
about one volt, and at the end of the charge
about two volts, ‘The discharge curve shows
evidently that tho clectrical energy In not
produced from uv single chemical reaction;
that there are several chemical reactions tal-
ing place in succession; that during the
early part of the chargo thore Js a chemical
change which corresponts to this part of
the curve. When all the material has beon
converted Into thase products, then another
chomical reaction takes place which requires
a higher electro-motive force, the absorption
of more energy, and then 1 third, and in the
process of dtscharging of course the chom-
ical renction, which requires the absorption
of tho grentest energy, bogina first to reverse
and gives out the greatest energy. The
electro-motive force drops down to this
poiut and go on with the other two chom-
fent reactions, One peculiarity of this cell was
that at these polnts the electro-motive force
actually foll down below that which [t at-
. tained Inter, discharging In the same cur
rent. In other words, with a uniform cur-
rent the electro-motlye force dropped down
to a certain point and then roso again
slightly, then dropped down here and again
wont below this leval, coming up again and
going down, Now, it scems to me that a cell
of this type is interesting particularly
from three different standpoints. In the
first place, an ideal battery ig one in
which the. material will undergo as little
motion as possible; the materinl which en-
ters into the chomical reaction will romain
in a certain fixed place. In any coll in which
the electrolyte takes part In the chemical
action and combines with the substance of
tho electrode, that of course is Impossible;
the electrolyte hus got continually to go Into
and out of the olectrode, causing not only
mechanteal disintegration but limiting the
capacity of the cell by the quantity of the
electrolyte. In other words, when the elec-"
trolyte is exhausted to a certain extent the
capacity of the cell is ended, no matter how
much solid ,active material you muy have
in tho olectrodes. Now, In thia type of cell
that diMculty is oliminnted, As Dr. Ken-
nelly has stated, all the olectrolyto that is
needed really is onough to wet the plate,
and the less yor have and the closer your
plates are together the botter off you will be
because you have less resistanea and less
weight to carry. Anothor point whfeli,
theoretically, is of advantage In this type of
cell Ia that the resistanco tends to remain
move constant. If wo have at the start two
olectrodes, one of which js a motal and the
[PHOTOCOPY]
ELECTRICAL REVIEW
other n metallic oxlde, the metal is a good
conductor, the metallle oxide {s generally a
good conductor, n much better conductor
than maotalille sulphates in the solld state;
fin the process of discharge of a cell of this
lype, no matter whether these particular
naterials are uscd or some other motals, tho
process of discharge causes the’ metal to be
come an oxide, the metal plates becoming
an oxlde and the oxide plates becoming a
metal. ‘The chango in resistance in general
wo would not expect to be so grent as where
the metal and n conducting oxide both be-
canio ft non-conducting sulphate or other
compound such as wo havo In tho lend cell.
Now, experience with the various tynes of
Alkaline zinc-coppor batteries has shown
that also to be the case, ‘There Is one other
chemical rengon why this coll seems to bo
exceedingly interesting, It may not be prac
tlent but It polnts to the possibsuty which a
great many of us havo been looking for,
If wo suppose these plates to bo mado vory
thin, so that they could easily bo waslied,
for example; If we imagine a battery to bo
constructed in such a way that we havo a
thin plate with a chin film of the metal on
tho one and a thin film of oxide on tho
other so that the alkatine solution could
easlly bo washed out, it docs not requiro a
wth |
PS eins
Ma. Crrantes 2, Stemnnrz,
Tax New Parapet or tux Ixstiture,
great strotch of Imagination to step away —
from the dynamo altogether. In other
words, when thls battery {s discharged, wo
can take the plates out of the solution, drain
thei off, wash out the alkali, and then we
have got our oxygen simply reversed, trans
ferred from one plate to the other as Dr.
Kennelly has explained. What we want to
do is to ravorgse those plates again. Now,
-there are othor ways besides electrochem-
feat action in which that can bo done. For
example, wo have in this particular battery,
assuming this to be the correct formula,
nickel hyperoxide, as it is called in the
paper, to start with, In metallic fron In a
finely divided state the discharge of that
battery would naturally result in the pro-
duction of forrous oxide first. That would
be the first stop at least,
Whethor that would be final or not I
would not want to say. And the final step
in this would certainly bo the production of
nickel monoxide, It might not be tho first
stop. It might he, as Dr. Kennelly has said,
the production of piekel peroxide Ni, Oy.
But metallic fron would certainly not reduco
the nickel oxide to any lower degree, In
“ther words, it would not produce metallic
1 ‘el unless the electro-motive force dropped
(4 to something like four or five hun-
ad dts of a volt. The chomleal relation
660
between the forms of nickel monoxide and
forrous oxide ts very little, I think the
nickel monoxido Is 61 and a fraction calories
and the ferrous oxide 68 and a tractlon--
about G9, But supposo wo have this battery
in a discharge state; In othor words, this
nickel hyporoxide is reduced to nickel
monoxide; metallte tron !s oxtdized to fer-
reous oxide and we havo tho plates cleaned
from Impuritios, It js a wall-known fact
that ferrous oxide can bo converted back
Into metallic fron by simply heating {t to
about 300 degrees in the presence of hydro.
gen, and {t can he done with carbon
monoxide. Wo can also find other ways by
a dry process or a thoromochemical process
of producing poroxide, I do not mean to
say that we can produce this particular one,
but I am speaking now in genoral of this
type of battory. I do not mean to Bay that
wo could do this actually with these par-
ticular substances, With iron I think it
would be very plausible that that might bo
necomplished, But suppose we succecd (1
working out @ process for dofng both, Thon
we can charge this battery without the ust
of any dynamo or any electric current, $n
other words, the battery Js not only a storage
battery but It is an Instrument for trans-
forming hent and chomical energy fromm
other sources such os carbon, possibly cr:
hon monoxide or hydrogen, into electricnt
enorgy. Now ‘that, of course, would not he
a direct process—an indirect process 9°
getting olectrical energy, possibly, out ot
errbon; yet it might be a very oconomica!
process. [ think, therofore, that a cell «i
thls type is interesting trom these thre:
reasons particularly, In regard to the es-
pacity of a coll of this kind, I made a rough
calculation of the relative ampere-hour 1:.
pacity of tho active material considered [1
itsolf, without reference to the wolght of
electrodes or the olectrolytes of the ern
taiiing-cells, which may be Interestin:
In the caso of tho lead cell, wher
a lend sulphate ts formed in dtacharr
on both electrodes, thero would i
theoretically a total capacity of 44 ampore-
hours, about, to the pounu of actlye ma +
torial, constdering botn plates, providing
was all utilized. In this coll there would :
about 160 ampere-hours theoratically to the
pound of active material, Now, 1 do not:
any particular reason in the abstract w',
We should not be able to actually utilize u-
high a percentage of the total active mi-
torial in this cell ns in the load cell. In fae.
it seems to me that we might utilize a hight»
percentage from the very nature of thi:
cell, that the products formed by discha:.
are not non-conductors, as in the case of t-.
lead cell, Ono of the reasons why wo enn
only utilize a small percentage of the nr
torial in the lead coll ts that the product ..
discharge is # non-conducting substan.
which obstructs the current; whereas in
this case the products on both electri.’
remain the conductors, and the only 1:
ference being that the metallic constituen:.
and the oxidized metal change places both }..
charge and discharge. (Applause.)
_
The American Society of Mechanteai
Engineers. .
The forty-third meeting of the Ameri
can Society of Mechanical Engineers » +
be held at the Plankinglon House, in Mi
waukee, Wis., May 28 to 31, incluz!.
+The mectings will be held in the areas.
on the second floor, and a large and i:
teresting programme of attractions : .
been provided. ‘The usual pupera, whici. 3
from the programme, give every indicat:
of continuing the high professional sta‘.
of the addresses presented on such oc. >
sions, will be read. Members or o!* :
desiring to altend should communi .
with Mr. F. R. Hutton, seer:tary, ai
West Thirty-first street, New York .):
ee wW es sds Zs,
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885.
4No—+—-——
Deus 2 Ft
ie
For
From the
(ener
PARK PLACE
ig
[e220
: " OTE
| FB oboken. NJ. Serres
EDISON PLOTTER” |
IS. LIVING HERE
+44.
Sensational Clue to Kid={'
Napping Conspiracy
Traced to Hoboken.
pa’ Toei
“WOMAN AT THE HEAD) reau are taking pare in the Invescig:
—+4+
| She ts Prominent and Inflsantlol and
* Lives on Hudson Street, This City
*Pallce Airaid to Arrest Her Until
the Chain of Evidence is Complete
*-She ts Said to Have Moved From
Orange Recently,
Orange, N.J., May 27.—The. latest clue
to the supposed conspiracy to Kidnap ihe
i
i
j
Hy
daugtrer of Thomas A. Edison, and the .
» children of Waret8"Smith and Victor
Blanch, has been found in Hoboken, aud
the Orange and Newark detectives are
bending all heir energies to implicate a
well-known woman who formerly Mved in
Newark with the man who sent the lei.
ters threatening to Kidnap children of the
above named and other wealthy restdenis
of the Oranges, ‘The police say that the
‘Wwoman’s arrest would cause a sensation,
but they are guarding her name as Cares
fully as they are tracing her every move-
ment,
The detectives say she was formerly
wealthy, but recently los? all Ser money
and property and has since been In Great
_ need,
}
i
i
|
i
‘alt knowledge of the kidnapping leesers or!
[PHOTOCOPY]
LIVING IN HOBOKEN,
She has heen so prominence and influen-
tial tha: chey declare shey will not arres:
her until chery have established her gull:
beyond che shadow of a doubs,
She fs said to have tecencly moved co,
Hoboken, where she is living In Hudson!
screet,
The woman suspect: has thus far. denied !
Of cho man who js supposed ko have senz}
them, !
} The woman, fc is sznted, Geured in the!
scories of the kidnapping of lixde Johnny |
onway, of Albany, abouc iwo years ago.!
| By tracing hep urchaser of a sec of rub-
der lexter scamps and the purchaser of en-|
Felopes ac che poszofiice in Orange, and!
25 Comparing the paper on which che lec
ers Were wriccen with paper in che pos
session of a man in Orange, che police des
sermined thas either che man under snis-
Picton or some one In his employ had wric-
ten che leccers and was in che kidnapping
conspiracy,
Further invescigation broughe co Uehz
the fac: tha: the men had been jiving a
donble life, paying considerable av:encion
¢o che woman,
Te Yovelnsed also that che man was in
business qoubles, and that he was being
- pressed on-every hand for money,
Because of the man’s Prominence and
excellent repuzation in Orange the police
wre loach co believe him connecred wish
a bidnapping fang, bue che evidence ac-
cumnlaced,
Doreesives trom the Seeree Service Bu-
Li
This is the firs: sime thae che Uniced
' Scaces auchorizies have played an acsive
‘pare in a kidnapping conspiraey,
‘Three deeczives, said 20 have been sent;
to Orange by Posodicy Inspeccor Jacobs, :
‘vere working with the Police and dezec-}
Sives koday, Sending zhre ening lercers |
through che mails Is an offense avainse che
Tnised Szacos xovernmenc, and kidnup-
Pings are becoming so common char In-
: Speecor Jacobs, ic is said, is deermined to}
ring che consplracors oo juyzice,
The detectives Working on the ease de-
elared this worning that the mystery was
near its solution—-that the hunt had nar-
Towed down to one man,
‘The authorities have uo doubt that Bley |
know who sent the Jetters Which created }
, Such an alarm in the homes of the rich |
: €d to take him into eustaly,
‘ sald to be a remarts
> men of Orange, H
All they need is to have this woman;
confirm their suspicions by prmonned
ils name. She ean furnish the missing |
ink’ in the chain of clrenmecantial evi-|
dence, . H
Dececzives are coday fullowing every;
Movement of the suspect and are prepay}
STRANGE MOTIVE. :
‘His motive for sending the letters is
fable one, It had a
Guancial end, but is was not to come:
elther from blackmail or ransom, ‘
He ts deeply Interested iu the kidnap.
Phig cases, aud ins tulked freely about:
them with his friends and the pubife, '
CASE OF JOHNNY CONWAY. i
The kidnapping of litde fiveever
Tohnay Conway from his paren
do Albany created og grear seasatha:
tour years azo,
For the crime three persons were sent!
0 prison, Albert 8, Warner for fifteen !
gears and Beary ©. Blake aud Joseph i
AE. Hardy for fourteen Years and six!
months each, ; {
‘The child svas recovered after he had:
been held for duys for ransom, ‘The
&mount of money ‘demanded for his re.
turn was $3,000, ‘
The police of this city state thar they!
alave received no notification as te the
Tesidence of che-wonian here, i !
pee eae !
[PHOTOCOPY]
First, Best and Largest,
i F trst, Best and Largest, INCORPORATED 1885.
INCORPORATED 1885, No,
: No. § 0 For
| For. ————$— ” From the :
From the (ONAL PR
jor Pep, | i mattis
f Pare PACE : EWY ORK cy
At
NEWYORK TY ie 0
Bas IG
P.O.Box |
If 2747 ct 0
From “ \
hire: ntine
"8;
ff Way S@@1S%A ~* :
eae fA FARE?
i eles Soe RnTET YS
: ’ 5 rors That R CFaink or Btinchtevons Noys
ae Se eg TaN THF
The would-be kidnappers who have F
threatened to steal one of the children
of Thomas A. Edison, the “wizard” Ine
ventor, mustSat extraordinary daring
and fearlessness, i¢ they really. intend
to carry out their threat? The. man
Who fools with him. sho~playecuwt
“the lightnings, aliost as does a ghild
4 With & rattle, is not the chap that the
| ordinary crook cares to tackle;‘especiat-
Jly when the-former has been * fore-
‘warned, It Is a question; “Tiowever,
whether the authorities did the wise
thing in. giving the news of thé threat
: against Edison, to the newspapers, The
publication of the tact has notified the
‘eriminals that the police are on thelr |.
track and has placed in their hands in- | *
formation which will’not tend to hasten
the day of their apprehension,
is 6 i —_———___.
ected man with a woman
In the Kidnapping
way In Albany, N, Y. In
af ng th =
{thinking People of Orange that the aers
touts Whose mind had been farmed ‘be ete !
5 + police Cantal ;
Re ek Stil! apoaks of neodt 1
ere f Re hut one mo;
aL arrest’ oP Y of ovidence Boraee Bh g
First, Best and Largest,
INCORPORATED 188s,
No,
32
PARK PLACE.
NEWYORK (ITY
me tee
. fore Paks
Lge
“Tess,
MAY 29 1901
PRinniiiig CARE SU
—
From tv. gy
.eubaldting. .
Tdiacoveraa” anges
‘that’ the: patson oF:
detters fo boma Ee]
taney intent! oh" of ab. ucting
a nie lepbject of
; ALG orth ng
HO had y
me to
‘ halt -do
epma to me that: th,
b ade out of ae th
(| ee naeennee Veeeenees |
From the :
gts
E PARI PLACE
° First, Best and Largest. NEWYORK ay
INCORPORATED 1885. i P.0.Box f 0
No. If ¢
ae !
Luicew
For. WN. Y. News.
From the
pin Soe
rei, (HIDDEN FROM
ght
Fri. ened Bianchi Sent
ANGE KIDNAPPERS | |
GAINSDEMAND GOLD! |
hel td
LN
bth
eward C
~.MAY.29 1901 |;
. Philadelphia, Penn, May 20.—1op
More than two months five-year-old Itala.
Blanchi, one of the children whom the
Orange kidnappers threatened to steal,
Was hidden with her mother and sister
In the boarding house Kept by Mrs, Basso
at 235 South 6th st, this elty.
4; Rr ‘is be. : ‘At the request of Thoma eon,
‘ mtd” Bites, hac iene ete amine de. agenst whose daughter the blackmatlers
N. 33, May eirehuk tonday ot Hegre by Mr. Freeman to watch also made threata, Mrs, Bianchi, Itala
of the Central Hotel, to-day of+ * children,-s st Sgecees and the older daughter, Dina, have re-
Fig wha mailed in, (or, the arrest of the], sulson’s hosiac ts stiit Warren soured turned to Orange to afd, if possible, in
rty ‘who ou fia we following letter: Beseet famaillen aro not permitted on the the detection of the criminals,
y a af ¥ jest La Btrects hemsel yes, uy =
H fe omaratiae, Dear men ‘Ot ‘Orange To Gire : The evluence agulnat the man suspected Victor Bianchi, the father, Is a whole:
I ip Huying Your Groceries And Meat From: fins becn laid before County Prosecutor sale Mquor merchant. Until a year ago
V-Riort ind Other Arkele We Snare To Make: | HIF! for his action.
not a shadow mennced the happiness of
his home. Then he recelved a letter
warning him that unless he deposited
$600 at a place designated Itala would
be stolen. Blanch! did not‘mention the
matter to any one, but complied with the
order, ‘
Nine months later came a similar let-
ter, this time demanding $800, and the
frightened father concluded that to save
his Nttte girl he must break up his fam-
fly. His wife and daughter left Orange,
Ostenalbly to go to, Europe, but instead
thes came to this elty, . 5
‘¥Xou Give Up Selling on © und, ‘ Philadelphia, May 20,~Instend of belong
rales This Ls Stoned By Fou And Fon yout fin Suro eos was elven out in Orange,
} Lissens If Not Stoned. * HM of orange, 'N, J. flye-year-old Ttula Bianchi, one of
It was at the Central Hotel that the two tee etilaren whom the Orange Ktduappers
‘ vegzed, to ster, was hidden for xwe
private, detectives cmployed by Thomas Almonths ‘with. tec mother and sister In i
:{ Edison to investigate letters tnpinge feat bourding tourse kept by Mrs, Masso,
to kidnap bis daughter were stopping, ft at No. 235 Houth Sixth Street, this elty,
Is belfered that this letter ts from the! “For na month the mother would not per-
af y "
“Jamo gang that threatened Eijigon, Casbler{ Dt Itala to go out on the streets” fain
Mrs, Basso today, “During their stay
Smlth and Merchant Bianchi, the second threatebing letter: Was recelyed
‘TM, McIntyre bellever the letter yas in-[in Orauge, It threw the family into fvesh
. terror whieh even the daly hured, for
‘{fended to triguten him Into sendag away| ‘erro the Nell rang or a stranger outer
the detectives. the house, ale, would rush to ber mother
Orin, tnrententng Hoenig by forsp rotection.’ . “They arrived here March 18," said
fi
!
}
;
i
!
i Mvp, Basso yesterday, “For a month the '
toaaldent pegnuel Freeman, of the Morrie. mother would not permit Itala to go out |
puis totter eee him to put $5,000 In a on the streets, During thetr stay the
certaln stone near the entrance. to the gecond threatening letter was recelved in
Freemnn: restdence Jn Ridgewood Park, Orange. It threw the famlly {nto treah
. {gat Morristown, tI Ith, the terror, whioh even the buby shared, for
ldnnpperst at nny got comple with, the [| {hen the bell sang or a stranger eafored
-{Mt, Freeman's daughters and subject her {{ the house she would rush to her mother
to tortures, ' §| for protection, They left here May 13
and are going to Europe shortly,”
The writer demanded that the money be!
: flnced {In the stone before. the night of;
Mra, Freeman ‘urged her husband to pay;
the money, but Mr, Freeman refused to be;
Uackmulled and inforwned the Police, }
1 The drat letter was Belated on the sae |
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1385,
No,
For.
From the
{IONE PRs
4 PARK PLACE.
NeW ORK (Ty
i Peat" of ie
buieen
PR chmod Va - Dispatah
5 MAY 29 19617
The great wines ticity, Thomas a
A. Edison, promises to sive_ to the worlds:
ty soon a discovery ote another vort, #
one which secind destined’to revolu-
tonizo the building trade, if.the expecta
tions of the inventor are Feallzed.: He
unnuunces that he hus discovered a twee
thod of making Portlund cement ac chonps
dy that ito must supersede wood, :
brick, and stone as a bullding matertal,
According to Mr, Edison, it will cost Ittle
to build houses, they can be constructed ;
and made ready for occupancy in an in|
credibly short time, and, once constructed, |
they will bo as neurly fireproof as ‘cons
crete nnd steel frames can make them.
Mr. Edlgon: has been working m this |
cement discovefy fbr several years, and:
Now states’ that it has been perfected.
Under: the new plan houses, Will be
“poured,” or moulded, rather than bullet,
and will be not only less expensive, but
far more durabli thin those constructed
of other mateslals. “When the invention,
has come inte general use there will be !
Uttle uced for carpenters, the tnve entor !
thinks, as cement and steed will srrer-,
: sede woud cven in the constructian’ of
: roof, floor, and stairway. The publle will °
await with pecullar Interest the pra
demonstration of what the wieard ¢
for h
!
[PHOTOCOPY]
First, Bestand Largest.
INCORPORATED 1888, - .
No.
Pare | zo
NEWYORK (ITY
P.0.Box f
ieee Ci
Rochester, N:Y.- Herald
May 2a 198
The best ‘trléna Sr “the late Benjttmin :
Harrison will rejoice that. ‘he did not live
| to see Judge Brown: write his fame high | :
the ScroIr of fame alongside that ot
Judas P, Bradley,.
i
Y Wizard : Bison has discavered a way:
to llve cheaper, Plerpont Morgan and
his associates are WorklIng overtime to
neutralize Edison's efforts by Serering
other things wo ‘that ti will require $3 fo ,
buy $9 worth of stuff. And we' re bet. |
ting un the Morgans. :
_—
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1845,
No,
For.
From the
{fONEL Pre
l Pane 2)
NEWYORK CTY
th "28 (0
Cheever
From Aai/ Wiven Cuin- Register
Mix. 20 i807,
i -
Through his, discovery of a new pro-
ess for making cement Mr, Edison
owever; promises to Place sE“withir
athe reach of the buildér of the humbles-
pottage. It, Swill be a8 cheap. as com:
on salt,” and when" mixed with ‘sane
fna broken’ stone in the proportion oF
ane part of cement to three parts oy or
fand and five parts of broken | ‘Blone, net:
vi supply a concrete mixture 80 cheap
ind so, durable that {t is certain’ to
supplant pine, brick or stone fn ‘ali
buliding operations, Houres, in fact.
sccording to Mr. Edison, will almply he
“poured” instead’ of being built. 1 A
‘orm, patterned after a design furnish-
2d by an architect,” will be made of
xood or steel and into this wit] be pour.
id the concrete mixture. After the
foncrete solidifies the owner has a
iwelling In which he cai defy the ele-
nents and the tooth of Time.
The “concrete problem" ig an old
ne. Hundreds of inventors. have tried
o devise a process for cheapening tts
nanufacture, If Edison has solved jt
te may not only stop the ruthless de.
‘astation of pine forests by furnishing
~
+ much cheaper building material, but S
vill place homes within the reach of
shougands who cannot now affo
que. U
!
i
i
[PHOTOCOPY]
TT ior
§ Armed Men Are Guard
ing the Residence of
Famous Inventor at
Llewellyn Park.
i : ; y Sed wy .
The stately mansion of Thomas A,
Edlaon, the great electrician, at Liew-
ellyan Park, Orange, No J., is delng
guarded to-day by a force of. men arm-
ed with riftes,
This 1s because of @ letter received by
8 the; inventor yesterday anying that if
>} he ‘aia not leave n large suin of money
tains ais, twelve-year-old |. unughter;
Maddline, the fathor’s favorite child,
woulll, te kidnapped an held for a ran
{80m three times as jorge a as hb amoun
now demanded, ee)
vit lay be that some one, with 1 Q poor
sensd of humor, is’ perpetrating a joke
on Nr. Edison, but he was Fesolvod t
take Ino’ chances,
Hig wife was made very. 1 nervous “oy .
the rpcelpt of the letter, and the ‘anxiet
2} of the father was also amrked.
. After consulting . with’ Hom
neighbors, and most trusted ‘employoes
i mregolved to regard the matter ser.
‘of his friends volunteered to helps
the big, housa’in the midst, of the:
ging ‘at ite might, these, men;
loyal friends of ‘the: Inventor,. patrolled
the gro$unde, carrylng rifies, shotgtns.
>Jund revolvers, They Jurked in the
shadows for the most part,.for, if kid
nappers did appear, | they, wi ed to cap- *
Cure them. + *
But je the attempt to. steal the child:
waé to. be made there wae -no evidence™
of this Intention last night. -
‘This: ‘morning’: the “same —vigil:” was:
x6. the house they were halted within’ “
ards of the gfront entrance, ‘and the -
ying dogs told that’ no one could ad-
Wakes further with sufety unless his
‘errand was. stated.
‘The , Watchers..to-day were: {n com-
'{mand. of o man. named Simand, his
principal assistant being a John Hen-
neasey, Policeman Foote, tho’ regular
watchman of the park, was. also look-
ae for. intruders;
roote said he had seen the letter ecut
Extison, ‘but: no-one; had any tre
a ine. identity of the writer. Tue
friting showed education. A large band
of gypsies passed “through .che Oranges,
bound for abteraon, ten ‘days ago,
» Mudeline Edison, though ‘but twelve
years old: is an accomplished singer and -
dancer. Her futher very proud of'
her: accomplishments in these - ines,
Three years ago she and hep. brother
Were to have appeared at a children’s
carnival in Carnegio Lyceum here,: but
Were prevented by the erry, Soclety,
SEDARIS:
> Sem
‘MISS MADELINE’ EDISON, xt
: (Bieotchoa from a Photograph’ taken ata children’s party recently.)
AE SSEetR St eeeneersacon saseestoeie POOOSEEOIOT |
°
>| in A lonely spot on the Orange. Moun- ° -
maintained; Whon reporters approach- .' °
4
rather? tier run any ‘rsks— an
lt
F
}
. First, Best and Largest.
__ [PHOTOCOPY]
First, Best and Largest.
genmgg Ants
Uae | b ibaacrace CP
OO | ne yoRt ay
We 8 -£(0 : POBox 1)
na Mute
From Phitadetphia Ps. - Tmes From 1a:
nf err i re Oh hee
JUN, £1908 a got
at
= 6a W R
gt Se 1.
“y's, GIRGUIT*COURT
7 ini wg Com
yhe Wagner Hleclrle Manutactur! «|.
pany, ond Its agent, John Dluatard, fied an
anawer in the Untted States Ulreult Court
yeaterdny fo the bul in equity of the
Weatloghoure Bleotrle and Manufacturing
Company, In whlett mit Infringement taal
r tented hnproements in‘ayatome
a utente u
lege dette Matributian. The defendant
i, he
na the validly of the patent! on,
we of rlor {nvention: by Wille Bp
renwyer and tp hommannvy Tidtnon.” a
Br tcc
baad feapntedjenceryere
ee Tei
rae
oe , Finite iN
! C SA cen ve f
| Eats “for Ocean Itinets '
¥Y what device enn‘a steamship be“
omade safe ina’ fop?’ i
8 This question, | discussed’ by
Ienry Harrison, Lowls In, the World's
ork for May, is belng tackled In a,
‘practical manner by the great inventora ,
‘of tho world, Mee he rae
i Tho heirs of Anthony Pollock, who.
wont down with tho Il-fated:.Bour-’
gogne, have offered a prize of $19,000 for :
{tho’ best device to, pravent shipwreck.
Among’ tho compotitors’ are’ Thomas
A, Edlson,’ Prof. -Qlivor, Lodge, Con-
‘atruotor Bowles, of thig, Brooklyn Navy-'
Yard; Admiral Makaroff, of tho Tusalan
‘Navy, and ‘Philip Fllchborn, Chief Con-'
(tructor of the United States Navy, '
Ait mannor of ingerilous devices have
"boon entered for tho Pollock contest,
and the competition ia now closed, The
“judges havo not yet arrived at,a de-
clalon, |. Re oft 8 ae 2
* Of all. the inventions submitted tho
most Interesting ard: those which pro-
pose ‘to furnish care to tho occan stcam- ,
ahips. Tho!most dangerous enemy which
tha stoamship of to-day hag ‘to battle
{th ia fog, and no means has yot heen
Jeneratly adopted to prevent collisions,
Mr. Hdlyop's invention is an apparatus |
riot tobe placed in the keel of the ‘
ossol, ‘Thi apparatus would both give:
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED (885,
Na.
For.
From the
‘ 4
PARK PLACE.
NEWYORK Cry
[reizae€
jot, transmitting, and recelving: sound
rough tho. water instead of through
ihe oir, By means of tho, Morse ode of
gnats steamships which were invisiblo’
fo ono another could converse with each,
ther during ‘tho ‘thickest fog.
Dr. Joseph Schmitt, of Anticost!, has
wbmitted an invention which resembles
Bigantic wooden car,, to, bef placed vin
position*on the deck of the’ steamship.
fa funnel or car ‘fa ‘constantly re-
_fvolving, and contains o- mariner’ cnin-
pass to let’ tho Ilstoner know from. what
‘RS airectton the sound comes, he
§ It hoa also been ‘proposdd.to use the.
Marcon! system of wireless tolegraphy.
‘
‘tom,
4 S.sea8 and mo ‘ongmit At:
iar et ‘irs to etten.” Predition,
i 0 be added ol
han el to mech
isin alo { wilder ieee:
, Wegraph and tete
u i ele:
ore the demonstration oF their feels
ne
nd receive sound. In brief, It would’.
Fo’ combined fog-horn’ and ‘oartrum="!
[PHOTOCOPY]
SON'S NEWEST WO!
wn Story of How He Invented the Storage Battery Which Is Expected t:
nan om bmn ewemenangn
a ea Cnet ee Oe el lee Lala et a Leet et et ee ed
DER IN ELECTRICITY
- Revolutionize: the Commercial Use of Electricity. a
| or aygaee gt ise BY JULIAN: | ee
HAWTHORNE, = 5 a |
nO PRES EH DDR EMP AN ERIM EMEMRHEMOME HER OU EER OR Omensadu dun grenguondneeedoudntubmers
SLR Se ee ee
; eH NT legen Sg i : Be a tg he an
paused Sa moment In his Janything for himgelf untess constrained | at. the door :of ‘which I sounded an-
ion, ooking down at the {to do #0, except, of course, the mil-| other summbns, - Soon came an, Irlsh- a
yhischonds with @ re- Mons of dollars that he spends upon{ man; also with an Investlgating eye, . ;
Yexpresaton; and then, apparatus and ‘Upon . experimenting. whom I molilfied sufficiently to Induce
time with a sudden smile, His Inspiration t's to produce, not to] him to carty my card tao the boss.
dee aed Bocuinulats,. Naver, wan phere anothet | Anon he betame my conductor to the
a fie mant"* | Magian 0 80 je looked the char- | Interlor. I ‘followed him through ‘large
" gee, Fein not a: nctonting boy, | acter In outward seeming; but there | rooms Meds with strange objecta, Ila. ,
ot wal ‘sincere.’ He had In mind (a in hin (a brain, a mind, an energy, | ulds in tuts, machines, {nstrumenis, 4
x.) Or some other man'/2? imagination which make ail former | anomalous things, finally ‘bringing up
ty who has lived In technl- niagians Appear bankrupt. .Whnta dif-}in a spaciols Ibrary, where In -was
i atneé" his birth, and ferent world this would have been had] asked to -walt.. Studious. shelves of
i ftxt-books. this farmer-man happened not to be] books Mned, the walls; there was. a
eklkpow, began as a traln horn eve ; J marble stafuc ‘of a beautiful, voung
Beis not a scientific man, he isa] - 7 , spent the better part of the Woman in the altogether, and portralts
Per One effects results not according | °° a and rainy day searching for him, | of lstingulshed persons, Thera was
Mmclc. rile, but because he is having at first Song off on a wild- also a tabfe covered with Jars contain.
MUS diyins necessity to effect them. . chs :
iy ar Eh (his career indicate It, and
v a that he ‘says confirm St.
he declared, with
sls.* Have what?, Why,
golem; he has been studying
s*past, ‘and which has just
eta frultion in the marvelous stor-
try which is now tht centre of
Cos the’ mechanical’ world, every-
A: Kon Well with one excep-
t.point nature seemed ‘to
iS schecked the desired
in the mid-movement of
sticking out of the upper ends. Its sldes ‘enough to Intrust me with his memo- Edison, “was to make a cell
' Were pancled, s0 to aay, with four and| randa on the subject; but presume the Wouldn't deteriorate by work
‘twenty oblong excrescences, each of | render will not look in a daily news-| would have, per unit of {ts mass, ‘
them two and a half inches In length| paper for. technical informatlon of that of storage capacity, It must bo
by half an inch broad, disposed In rows] kind, und bealdes I am free to confess ble of belng charged and dich
one above the other, Theso panels ap-| I do not myself understand the formu | quickly; It mustn't bo expenslye, +
peared on both sides of the frame, and | lac, Zs must he able to stand careless us
between them was a thin sheet of hard| “It's the simplest thing in the world,” | “Well, there you have it! Four
rubber, perforated. Edison, in describ-| Edlron said. . rn Per pound Js tho normyl discha
ing the contrivance, used the almile of} Now In order to get a practical re-! power-rate per unlt mass of tota!
n window, the panes of glass being sult these steel frames,containing the [and that answers to @ normal dise!
thicker than the sashes and frame that | ranged celts are put {nto the tin off periad of three hours ‘and ‘a halt
held them, These: panes, or panels, as can, and the potash added, and there] you may dischargo it, 1€ you Ike,
‘you please, were each of them tho| you are, One of these’ cans will en-|#Inglo hour, corresponding ‘to -a
essence or nuclous of the invention, the | able a bicyclo to run 7 miles without | charging Power-rate of 312 watts
rest being but the appllances to bring | recharging, “We don't say 7 miles,} Pound.’ Thon,’ the rates ‘of cha
‘them into action. They were the chew- except between ourselves,” Ediscn re-| and discharging aro the same, ao
: . : ty : , you triple tho rate’ of charging ‘tt
rence A the cell no harm beyond lowering
. electrical efficiency.” 2°. 8°.
Simplicity Is Evident. .;
“Yes, it's certainly very slmpte.
do you fasten ‘the ‘briquettes - on
frame?" ” Pols ase at
“Put thom jn the holes of tho f1
and squeeze thém with-a welght
hundred ‘tons," Edison replied, »
you ‘sec, makes a ‘single, -'‘solld.;
plata of the whole affair, with the.’
dow panes’ full of the active mater
“How ‘ts the active mater!
pared?” =
“For. the Positive: briquettes irs
pound of fron trented bya special
ceas, with about the same ama
‘| graphite; and the negative brique:
finely divided nickel'and graphite.’
“Now, just what happens when’
charge and discharge?" = +. 1,474
‘Edison had become very vdnima
and he Mustrated his ‘expdaltion
quick motions ‘of his hands, ***
charging current carries oxygen: a
vanns
‘@ against him, would
nd’ retired on the spot.
on,\ tecling himself under no
tons, and feeling that ao
hich wan so plainly In sight
materialize, willy-nilly,
‘and -‘finally’actually. forced the
Possible to come to pass,
it" sald he; and he got
ALE te ne :
.- Slaplest Thing in the World.” _
‘ SY ob hece,m" sald Edison, turning the
thifig ‘around between his fingers and
then replacing tt on the table, “It's the
siniplest’thing In the world.” Ss
} | Tslooked earnestly at ft, and almple |.
{ M0 certataly dtd look, You can carry
{ { dniyour-hand; you can stick it in
our ;pocket.’ It lfos’ beside me on my
leak Ba I write, and it ts almost of the
precise Bizo and shape of one of those
, eum a cks that you obtain by putting’
® nickel n'the ‘stot of the machine in
une Fallvay ‘depot, y on
inte ok B suck of chewing gum turned
a 8 calnothing more, It is two and
i oat giches long, two-thirds ‘of an
nek, aha and an elghth of an Inch
inatinet at’ isthe magic instrument
i ute nave all been longing for ¢ver
«ince the ‘Idea of traveling by machin
ahs acne tous Soot 7
nvarlably you will find space, welght,
expense -and power ‘brought to'thelr
ie €conomicat terms; and a year or
two hence, ff you hunt for one of the
Hreaent examptes of them ‘in museums
of ‘curiosities, but not elsewhere. :
+en Or’a dozen years had Ppasacd since
J had met Edison, but though he has’
in that time done work enough ‘for a
world ot ordinary Men, .there were !no
(races-of wear and tear pon hia coun-
tenance.”"He wore n‘atraw hat and an’
old sult of Nght gray.clothes; he looked
more,than ever Mie’ o simple-minded
faemmae whe had spon. tuo MG CUITLEHL
Ing tho growth ‘of crops and the .
‘easton of seagons, Hia gray. eyes . ’ . .
eee honest,” confiding, com- oe eae tea
onable expression; but then, at ‘ 7 A ed
‘a, there came into ihem a light and |. f EDISON. 1N His y WORKSHOP A Ne
arile that seemed almost to throw rr . ny Tae _ * ae .
wdow, “oii Ue . <a ‘s as . * , 7 + ed Pars Varee
> Bat relaxed : goose. chase’In the wrong direction. | ing something fn the way of a chetn!-]° During our transit through the sh ‘After condoling with Edison about his
iing-bench ae he ieee When ‘at last I reached Orange I. went| cal solution, but of what nature I knew | Heus Mr. Dick had sald, “It's a new{ kidnapping trouble, which he. did not
re, I suppose, most of his think-({ frat .to Edison's..house In Llewellyn | not. Sit thing In every sense; it involves a npw;scem to take much to heart, however,
fa done; his: broad shoulders | Patki one of*those semi-private, cultl-|° In a few minutes appeared x young | thing‘In chemiatry: I've been watehh in| we began upon tho battery. -
ped forward, and he was entirely vated landscape garden enclosures that| man with curly hair,. Mr. Dick, the | it all along, but I’ve only just begunito What. in the frat -applicat! lon of IL
msclous of himself, Hls smal) but | the better-oft' kind of folks like to lve] confidential business ngent and com- understand It myself." a that you will make?’ I asked. | ;
er hands were atways in motion, |! A’ beautiful and-roomy house ft {3,] panlon of the magiclan. He, too, was| “But Mr. Edlson understands 1t?'1 1 ‘Oh, I'm. not going to make ‘any ap-
lng things, or making slight ges-| Standing amidst broad, green lawns, {an old acquaintance, and he sald, “You | sald. : 3 a pilcatlon ee sald he; ‘I'm just go-
4, with a pencil that was his con-|, With trees grouped here and there and| shall go where nobody goes!" He inughed. “He has been worklhg| ing to: manu neat it, and “ney cal
t companion, with which, ever and{® Sweeping drivo approaching it. On] Accordingly we set forth on a jour-{ specially at this for two years; Mit| apply It anyw hi) ney want 7 cre
1, ho jotted down some figures or | ‘he doorstep was a child's toy. The| ney through ‘ labyrinth, room atter| really he has been on the trall for{ig| putting up a new fagtory over ere ( 8
ched a diagram, What the straw | ald ,gervant. who answered my ring| room, turnings, corridors, out of door years, No other man could! have thumb. be rn ne joulder), and T exe
tlpped back from hts wide fore- slancetl rather fiarrowly at me, but, | into the open, across &% yard, In an-j{ worked it out, because the mind of fo] pect ive ll be ready to begin delivering
1, concealed I do not know; when | 8¢c!ns& that I had not the earmarks of | other dour, till, nil of a sudden, I found! other man ts so fillgd with knowledge | them‘ty: about six months,
at saw him he had a thick thatch | 2 *!dnapper, told me that Mr, Edison! myself in the sanctum, where sat O/cn every subject relative to It, He
savy, hair, beginning to turn gray. wom down at his Jaboratary. aun out-) man in gray, turned away from me,| knew what he wanted and what wis ally he baliece ‘4
taps there is fess ‘of It than there side the park eaten. 0 thee a seine and unconscloua of my entrance; for] the meaning of avery phenumenon that ‘Where is the battery? asked I, look-
» and it has probably become n trending. on Soar: pet el ong: ne Edjson Is a Uttle deaf, though no more! he met with during his gearch, © ing about me. f
‘er In a dozen years, n°{ the low-bending branches, feeling as if} 50 than ho was when I knew him be-|. “A syndicate of scientific men coula| ‘There was an oblong tin can on the
: . ; 2 were.in: England. fore, and perhaps not quite xo much. | not have discovercd it; only a, min] table, resembling a small oll can, about
"
ea
the force of chemical affinity,’ from
{ron over to the nickel, and the enc
is stored tn the reduced Jron;: But
account of the potash solution the '
remains pagsive. When you discha
the current goes by the outslde >
from the positive to the negative
‘and on through the solution to:the
Peroxide -plate—the negative: one, *
oxygen: ‘meanwhile -is° moving « b
peslot, {he current to oxidize.
tron, Sand ore ‘ :
Iiperoxide. What would ordinaches
neat becomes electrical energy.** -
iveCharging, you see, pulls theoxy,
away:from the fron and puts -it oy
of? SPOS OT Nive *
made hundreds of:them myseif, bug 1
guess this particular one.that. I.hayo ft
used here fs the only one that: Is-any
good, 2 vr 3
ut
¢
elty had been reached, and J. shall.leaf
the story where It is. I only hopq tt
no very. egregious errara are contal:
in the fragments which I have recalle
By,uext November, then, the new, ba J
terles will. be ‘on the market, and ‘then *
we shall see things: move. , Meanwhite.
the inventor looks very happy,’ ind: I
asked himif-ho wero not. now-soing
into retirement. “Oh,” satd he, Jaugh-
ing, “my work js just beginning!!*-And
Mr.. Dick, who accompanied me back ta
town, sald, darkly, “This [sn‘t. all he's
doing by any means. Walt a while and
you'll sea something.” tf
I did not ask what the other things -
woré,'and I am content to walt. Unilkf °
Alexander, I hope ‘that all ihe worlg ¢
been conquered before
eee is up. But Edteo
father Itved to be 93 years old, and
died at 103, He may. eq)
Rea ereane’ there figures, and since
ing gum sticks which I described above,
How the Battery Looks. ‘ wd cath ae
eect at ont. ; ow Economy Is Reached. -
Sphetr surfaces fre covered with af + Tee . 2
minute, rectangular grill, too smalt to} Then he went on to enlarge upon the
be distinguished by the naked ‘eye; the | invention;, ho..was most’ anxious: to
tiny apertures are punched through the | make’ me comprehend it, and taxed his
steel by a machine, in order, that the | ingenulty to put the story in words that
electrolyte may bo able to act upon tha] might bear some meaning to my wnin-
metaly within. For each of these Ittle | structed vacancy. “If you take one of
cakes or “briquettes,” as they are called | the old lead cell affairs,” said he, “you
contain beneath the. thin perforated | find it welghy. from’ about 2%. to. 86
Steel’ shell a slip of one bt two suke| pounds per horse-power hour at its
elences, In alternation; first, for: tho termingls; or if you apply the energy
negatlve pole, or poaltive element, fron;| stored up and’ available at terminals
second, for the positive pole, or negza-} in lifting. work only, the battery could
tive element, a superoxide of nickel, j if¢ its own welght through a vertical
with the formula Ni 02, In‘other words, | height of from two to threo miles, But
{t {fa nickel-tron ‘“cell,”* you take, this battery of mine,’ and it
. : i energy nt its terminals enough to a
His Hat Kept the’ Secret. - Edison Found at Last. But In a moment he turned, with that! whose one mind contained all the eld-| nie Inches high by six.wide. Edison ahe electrolyte age RRA yee te pelt welght about seven miles.” pul undoubtedly, work As jong as He
e hat—n new hat, the only new ar-| Presently I came in sight of a discur-| quick, light-siving glance of simple ments of the Prolilem, its a wondertyl Andlented this; and then he cook up on oo natatida a emporature of 20 degrces| I nodded® my head saguclously, * “I he may not accomplish. May bless{f, s
of attire about him—kept the ge- | sive structure of brick and wood paint. | Itindllness and pleasure, with hand out-| resvlt; and so nearly perfect even no¥ thick abeat thesia erre, eat maga-| below zero. J could give many more| sce; double the “power.” attond him; he js a good man,—P ‘mi
q i
sctontife detalls, for Edison was kind| ‘“What.I wasited to do, you see," sald | delpnia North American.
“. BOSTON FouRWAL.. JuNe:r
! yo W tood every test we could
I surmise that Mra, Edison made j ed the color of brick, with a little cub-| stretched, and we were old friends | that It has st test “Wwe: cou ,
buy the hat, for he never buys | by-house of an office detached from it, | met once more. * 3 epply to it.’ ‘ . ob beins, or pamphiet. ae had two nobs
’
1401
eee r
charge down to zero without
the cell, and the electrolyte dor
tack or dissolve any of the ma.
{
i
{
‘
{
[PHOTOCOPY]
SEES ey (oe
—_—
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 53845,
No—-__—.
For.
From the
joNtlrars @
PARI PLACE.
| Nev yORt cy
Mui cf?
Y.. News
From
oo
UNL 1901.
[PHOTOCOPY]
ul (Reena
jer New Jersey > shown;" tliut while there
hea teens revival of, the Iron {ndustry,:
He tod product of: the-lust year has not
jcompared « favorably “with the qpunt Bye
‘years aK, Un-average.
On tho’ other hand,, the: stopper ‘Induntry
‘Hing tinproved, there having beena change
ke operation frum fran’ to copper.
The hua ayo been a quiet boom in
ke nent. ‘The total eueulation on this sine
has surprised the Stute departinents not
only beentse It has been the first at-
Compt inde to get faots and tgures, but
igo heenuge nobody’ was aware that the
manrsweture of eemeut? ind grown to
such an extent In New Jersey. Herete-
fore It has never been reeoxnized as
aunong the staple preducts of the Sinte.
The Capitat Portlawd Cement Company,
which Wed articles of Snearporation tw
weeks age, hos an authorized capital ¢
T.000,000 ane hing nequired Ge ne
Jand at Stewartville, flve milex norte!
of Phillipabig. "The lund Hes on Ob
Huine rldge upon whieh wre located t
fomous Alpha ood Vuleantte — ¢ ’
Works, tnd upon whieh the Edison Coun. |
piny is erectlag the largest plant in the!
vorkd,
he Caplial Compony will begin the
rreetlan of wis tmincnse gelant at i tly
alate, and the minufacture of cen ut
begin et xoon up euiticlent: machine: on
thatalled to tien ont 1,000 barrels per day. |
The tetab enpuelty of the plant when eam-
uleted will be move than four thes that
theure, |
The relx already mide rhow that
(here are about 342,004,000 burrels of ce-
ment rock In sight on the property, :
|
‘the probability Gat more than 1,000,600,000
barrels inny be iuken aut before the sup-
is extausted., ‘The rock on this tract
elusy to the surface, Ix from a) to
9 feet In thlekness, $90 feet in width
Jana about 8,000 feet tn length,
Cement rock te tirat crushed, then raart-
til to the proper point, und finally barreted
far xhiptnent. ‘The methods of quarrying
vary gomewhat among the different
{otants, bot oat. the Capilal Company's
works’ he rock, wlll be dig oul miueh the!
pumne as stone used fur crushing purposes, ;
will be transported by averhexd enrriere”
to the eruehing milla, and from there will
xo to the roneting evens, Which give the |
vital quiullttes necessary for Its ultimate
,
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
First, Best and Tagen:
INCORPORATED 1885.
No.
For.
From the
jONtLPREs
i PARIS PLACE.
NEWYORK city
P.0.Box
If 2747 do
Luiget®
Foti em, WJ. Gazelle,
JUN Al 190]
<, Bestand Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885. .
7 No———_——-
From the
otras
4 PARK PLACE.
Hev'yoRK cry
hee :
4 represented
‘Via in tho Powhatcong valley, five miles
PVG O MEISE Fe Game eee ow ee bs
MM ANT,
From Quarry to Consume er Cement is Not;
fener Tonehed by Maman Hands, \
“hn abe or ainedd uesilay 4} 1
iw New Village, in the beantifal Powhnt ;
come valley, a party of 116 business non, |
thoes from Phitdelphia ant
twenty-three from Now York, Nearly ay
score of the yruests were inilionnires and}
the others were alforneys or ngents who
1001, 0,000 fn capital, 1b
‘A from Philipsburg that Mr. Edison has
,
located his Intest onterprise, a plink for
the manufacture of Portland cement,
“We aro living inoan era which de-
JJ inands, above all other things, rtpid pro-
Yalnetion af the ne
jJnivininn es
esaativs of life ab a
vwense of time and labor,” he
“Cement iaas thoroughly a staple
; product as iven or fone, Attor spenetings
eight or ten years nnd over $2,000,000 in
perfecting. a process for crashing ore,
te ocennd tome to ulilize the saine
| pringiple in crushing rock for the manu.
fretare of cement.”
As ho apoke Mr. Beigon and his guests
slood on an olevation frou which they
could observe, ina qanurry below, the
work of te ateam shovel, weight (00,000
ponnds, whigh pasted its steal nose into
the side ofa bla and transferred theee
tons of cement roel toa ecar. Six tons
filled the car, which in design resumbles
adueb pan, ‘Shon, instead of diving into
the bhuf Cor another mensare of stone
the great avin on which thy shovel is abe
tached drew back a dozen foul or more
hegitafed a second, came forward with aw
sur. of clephant-like movement and
struck the fat wheeled trek n power
“ral blow, lt was sent apinning down
the raiironul track fo meet asinall engine,
which pried it and n score of its com-
tiuious to Che works, a mile away,
‘Cho wiaerd sraiiled ns his guests looked
on with andisguished pleasure aad nston-
islunent,
“Madern, isn’t it?” hoe observed, bis
face showing the keenest gratifieation,
“What's the whole siory bore, le con:
linned. “liverything is up to date. |
touk oa lessen from Carnegis before J
Inet Chis plant, and bam delighted with
Ue recall, We eando more work right
here in’ this valloy, necording to pre-
ae sunersntt . hy
No-———_-——~.
Por eee
es Pres
et
P. 0. ast ack
From ae News
— First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885.
No-——————
“ Foto
From the
jones
PARK PLACE
ie yoRK LR
i rau
bi treet
Frop ovar,N.J. Wk. fadax
JUN 28 190]
AAD MULINEN Sr pune newtal
was nbout to drop 1 lotior in, when a by-
standor notitied him that the carcior sys-
dent would not be in voRue with) soxt
Monday.
=—Thonas Edison, the great inventor,
prodicts tlintcemont will soll at 3 a ton
mud that inthe futuro bulldings “will bo
built with cement tustorad of brick or,
avood, Al the above prico it is ostinnated
that the cost of n building wonld be
thet one-third of the prosent pelea ol a,
Tlek or wood steaetuce,
ee enoerene
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
'
’
tag
"Tafa bes,
Seley +1 g
A- slote-cinas of" the atin: reccureen 7
uf New Jersey - shows; ‘that while there
hes been a revival of "the trou industry,
jhe total product of theshist year has not}
feampured favorably with the pant _
‘yenra ws, un average,
On the’ other hand, the: scopper ‘Induatey
Mnue linproved, there having beena change
of operation fram Lren’ to: copper. :
Shere has ayo been a qulel boon’ in
count. ‘The total eateulatlon on this line
has surprised the Suite departments not
onty beeause it han been the first at-
tempt made to get faols and figures, but
also beenmuye nabady' Wan iware that the
‘manufacture af erment! had grawn to
auch un extent in Now Jersey. Mereto-
fore It has never Leen recognized as
among the staple praducta of the State.
The Capltad Portlind Cement Company, |
Uwhleh Med urticles: of ieorporation twa|
weeks ago. Tins am authorized capital of |
$3,000,000, aid ling aequired 600 eres 0
Jnud at Stowartsville, ve miler northenst |
of PhUlpaburg, ‘The land ies on Uh
same ridge upon which are located the
trinot Aplin ond Vuleantte Cement}
Werks, and upon which th ison Coa |
pany Is erecting the largest plant ia the
world,
The Coptal Company wilt beghr the
ercelion af an taaaense plaut ot an ea
date, and the manufacture of cement w 1]
Degli dee son ap sullolent mactinery i!
Fuslutted to Hien ont 1000 Inrrels per day, |
The tuted eapoelty of the phat when com
bleded Wil be more thas fear ees that
igure,
‘Che barrels atrends made phow thit
there are about 359,000,000 barrels of ces
, mnent ele de Aight on the property, with
the probabliity chit more thin 1,000,600,600
barrels nny be taken out hefere the sup:
y in exhausted, ‘The rock on thle traet
elise to the eorfaee, be fram 309 to
9 feet in Uilekness, 8h feet in width
[ana about 8&0 feet in length.
| rent rock $s lrat crushed, then roant+
'
ad to the proper point, and finally barreled
for shipment, ‘The methods of quarrying:
vary somewhat among thy different
phlants, but oat the Capltal Company's
baworks’ lhe rock wit be dug out much the |
raine vtone used for crushing purposes, «
Wil be transported by overhead carriers
to the crushing mills, and from there wit
j xo to the ronetlug ovens, which give tne!
vital qualities necessary for Its ultimate
Use,
‘Vhe Edison Portiand Cement Company,
whl Te hended by the great fuventor,
owns a large tract of land adjolning the
Capital property and tn buplly engaged in
erecting about Corly buildings, ieetricity
will play av important part in the operas
tlon of this plant, Underground carrier
will run through great subways and the
product will uot be-handled from the thne
ft Jenves the curs untll It Is crushed, roast.
ved and barreled.
‘This plant is situated nearly a mile
from is quarries, but a standard gauge
tailway runs between the two, alvo cone
necting all thebulldings, Two locomu..ves
wre kept constantly busy durhiy the cone
‘fatruction, and It ts expected Ut a thicd
will he needed when ‘the. plant fs hy oper
ation,
Sdixon Coinpany has a capital of
$11,600,000, and will turn out 10,00 barrels
ofl fand cement each day when all the
Machinery fx fe operation, The worss
wilt be aturted at abut a 4,000 barrel cue
pPuelly and with moro thu 1,000 men ent-
Moyed. ‘The plunt is nol yet ready for
business, although a great force ot
have been employed for more than Ott
Hpwnthsdn tecgutrugtion, the work pros?
seceding night-und slay,
Within a fos miles of the Capital and
‘Matson Aeldn are located number of ce-
tinent plants, amorg which the the Alpha
and Vuleantie ina, ‘These Ere nearer
Phulipsburk ‘than the other two and have
heen Sn operation for some linie i)
Another plant fx located nt Martln's +
Creck, seven infles norts of Phillipsburg,
on the Pennaylyaula Railrond, This plant
has a capacity of about 1,000 barrels per
tiny, The other coment plants of great
hnpertinee In diet ction of the country
are located at Nazareth, Pa., ten nites
north of Bustott,
The Alphu and Volenntte warks are cons
nveted by spurs wilt both the Central aul
Lehigh Valley railroads, but the [dixon
and Capllal compares have only Cie
Lackawanna to depend upen an yet. Ut
fe thought that the Pentsytyanta wiit l-
yade Ue cement reglon by oa braneh,
either from Carpentersville or Retgelse
ville, Should this brane be bullt, He bs
probable that the Atlas Company, whiets
owns a tract in that section, wilh put tn’
a bhy want,
‘There Is ai money” In cement, but
fe neetis! ananey, bt Id sald, for iistanee,
that the Kdleon Company will spend $5.-
0m),000 and tore on thelr plant. and the
sume nuthoriiy slates that tl will be able
te poy It ott of. three or four years”
prollt,
INCORPORATED 1888,
No.
For.
From the
i jONAL Pers
i Pan 2)
NEWYORK cry
We of a
Lunigct®
Feat ctisteenn, 1 J. Gazolle,
JUN 2]. 190!
:, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1888,
From the
ote
PARK PLACE.
NEWYORK CITY.
Ih ch 6
. “gga”
Dan bury ck r News —
_ ‘fl 11190)
Tho construction of of cement houses i,
under consideration in Pittsburg, where,
the milllona of tons \ furnace ‘slag
produced every year {could thus / be
utilized, It' has-‘bee)\phown. that: this
lag can be converted fhto cement, by
known processes, at a less cost than the
‘one’ dollar a barred ‘suggested by Mri
Tabeon ae the: result of an-inventicn’ 0}
w he.{s experimenting, ”* vest
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1883,
No,.
For.
From the
WSSs
NEWYORK Ty
wfiehd, Pas ~ Wily Spirit
wen
{AUN 20 1901 47
on
Houses Moulded from {Gement>
hoor antes A Ealiuin elaine” to have ated
i ered a furm: of arnent from whiel
ouses cau te: moulded.’ be builder wil,
bavea mould ofa house," into wi
“{ Jiquid cement will us. poured, conte fe
, | Ment will solidity in a few dayay: when the
: would can-ue ‘removed, - ‘By this pros
building cau be doue quicker amd olen}
.{ than by present methods, ‘
eee
ERE
pe
Peg aye. SMe tw,
SE eae artained ‘Tuesday *
at Now Village, in die beantiful Powhat- :
cous valley. a party ef 1 bushiess mien, |
ninety-thiee fram Philadelphia and
lvenly-three fran New York, Nearly ay
xcove of Lhe suexts were millioniires aud
the others wore attorneys or agents who
‘Frepresented $206, 000,000) in enpital. Tt
is in the Powlhnteong valley, five miles
from Philipsburg that Mr. Eelivon ht
lourted Lis latest enterprise, a plant for
the manufxetare ofPortiand cenient,
“Weare living in an era which de-
[ital above all other things, rapid pro-
doelion of the necessaries of life at a
sPnininion expense of Gime and labor,” he
Vand: @Comont iaas thoroughly a staple
|} product asivon or flony, AClor spending
ight or ten years and over $8,000,000 tn
cling a process fur esnehhiy ore,
wed do ome to utilize the sane
ipto in censhing rok for the manu.
faelure of cement”
As ho spoke Mr. Mdigon nnd his pists
Hood onan oluyation from which they
could observe, inn quarry below, the
work of a steam shovel, weight 100,000
pounds, whieh pushed its steel uose inte
the side of a blait rid transferred three
tons of cement vagk ton eng. Six tons
filled the ear, whieh in design: resembles
aduat yao, ‘Then, instead of diving ile
fhe bluff for aneblher measave of slone
(he great arm on which the shovel is at-
Laghed drew back adozun Coot or mor |
hesitated a second, cau forward with i
sock of olephant-like movement and
atruck the four wheeled tanek a power
‘ral blow, [te was sent spinning down
the railraned tract to meet a snialt engine,
which pulled it and a score of its come
prinians te Che works, smile away.
Vho wivnrd sniledt as his puesta loolbed
on with mnidiggnished pleasure atid astous
> its
tion,
“Thats Ha whole story hore, he cone
Hnned, “lverything is np lo date. t
took oa lessen from Carnegio before |
Innit Chis plat, and bam delighted wilh
Ue result, Wao cin do more work right
here in this valloy, aveording to pros
portion, and de it cheaper per anit, than
any other plant in thea world, Lt is abe
solutely ap to date,
Tho fact that ho has tore Ginn forty
Putents covering various laboreanviag,
devives in his new establishientdoes tol
seane Cocenter Mr. Wdison'n andl, it
the fret that he bas “gone Audy Carnegie
ono better in tuodern methods" plenses
him, ‘The phunt itself isa marvel of in
gunity, Tt was built in madel two years
Faygo an the Hisar experimental grounds
at Orange, the proportionate dimensions
heinge one inch to twa feet, The model
is done everything, on a suimdler sede,
whieh it is declared Che great faetory will
fo. Prem quarry bo consumer, the tut
ix not touched hy dtton hands
lors, weighing two or three
Tom, are Giken tp by the shovel, placed
ip (he ear, handed to the fictory, hos
100 feet to Che first sot of rollers, ern
amd then passed on from colar to roiter,
Vyadid the ensetevial isseting sat it will pass
Uirongh aw seive with fo ameshes to The
vsquare ipely, ft is overt ae ta nneks
at Joule on cura by antomiilig ame
chinery.
Antony Mr. Mdizon's invention there is
amneetings the gear aad slap.
{rollers ifany foreign sub:
fo tall bobween them,
3 iving: a pick oy shovel iu the ship,
ed st things would break the ma-
putin :
Many of (he visitors were slockholders
in the cement company, amd thotr visit
Swies prompted by na desire to iuapecl the
‘plant prior to its opening for lusiness
iz will bo ina few weelks.—lhila.
North Amer!
[PHOTOCOPY]
ei beatee NS Seer Bs
cnn pee eee
seepee
~* newyork Cty
From
+ Ofty yours ayo. + From .thoro:wi wenttto|
Potsdam. fi. ‘/. Rosorder
[PHOTOCOPY]
i somo days ago from vivitinuy the great
2 ce)
cae yudsoacegagacae
CESC SSS GOSS:
|
wOOouPCOORESoCCECOECCHRGO:
Niagara Falla, June 10.— While most
of the correspondents of the diferent
county papers have returned hume, t
Nave pot and aan ati fight-eecing, hath
wt the Pan-Ameriean aud also at the
Falts, and different places of interest for
geveyal miles around bere,
Wo loft Phimbrook on the early morns
ing train May 16, and Ind a very plens-
ant trip, ‘The seonery ia varied and de-t
Sight@ul and travoting by tho New York
Central you pass through some of the
finest scenery inthe etate. We arrived
at the Falla a little past seven o'clock
pretty tired, but after snpper with nv
Jady friend aud a cousin of my fathers as
snide, we elarted to sce the sights.
There lave heen so many dieeriptions it
id needlers to say more, but tome it was
vinply grand, No penean do jnatico to
it, ‘The immense body of water inn
solld sheos tranbling over tho brink, the
white fou Delow, the rush aud roar,
makes a gypand spectacle and leaves a
lnuting impression, Probably it) was
more itor ting te me than it would bo
to others as ny father lived bore when a
boy antil lw was auverteen years old:
and find heard hin tell about the dif:
ferent plucea of intorost here, until I was
funiliar with! them all, I visited‘ the
little white ‘uhuyreth that he bud‘ bout!
accustomed tg fivo 10 his boyhood: ‘days!
and then nprolled into the cemotary. Wwhoro
his mothet had .been laid to-'r
rie ‘tower, Noune will over forgot hi
Uenntifal sight, rising ‘to the: height’of
75, feet, surmounted by the Gaddess of
Light, aud covered by ita incaudiacent
Jinps and lightg, which ean be seon'for
miles around. Baek of the Lower is the
Vlagza and sunken garden. At the loft
of the Plaza is the Stadiuin, which seats
12,000 people, it is like a grond stand,
On the top seats you can seo all over the
Pan-American Grounds, From there
wo wended one way to the Machinery
nod Transportation building. There we
saw The dilterent Inds of care, engines,
nod all kinds of tnachinery, One of tho
Innst magiificent eights in the evening is
the Mleetric Building, it looks like a city
atonight. AM Une fietories of the general
Elvelrie.Co,, were there togottor, lighted
willl cleetriety, ‘Thoma, b., idisons
works wore there, and as yon Youk nud
see the wonderful inventions which this
tan hue studied ont, you can not help
Jat think “the hate las never been cold,”
We olso visited Ethnology building. Jt
contains the bones of different animals,
and besidas Uhege the skeletons of four
luna belyygs. ‘To sne it was quite a
envinsity and olan very interesting.
inane mae
TQQQIIIQAY; poaposcosccoonessoscocena
*%
mnerican
%
3
As Seen by Ou Correspondents. ¥
The Yenplo of Musie isa very inrge
“Mnilding, Everyone visile this building.
It was here Vice President Roosevelt as;
livered on address on the opening day,
Monday May 20. ‘Tho Horticulture
ebuilding contiined Crnit from nearly ail
the alates, ‘Tho California fruit eanners?
wero represented by a hose built of can
ned Ernit, Forestry building is nade of
Joga nid all kinds of wood are shown.
It is fier with the most beautifil trea
und Howers imaginesble. ‘his alone
Would pay anjony tg visit the exposi-
|, Hon, and to everyone who really loves
flowers the seene would never he forgot-
“ten, The Miners building containaall
“kinds of stone, marble aud granite.
Tho U.S, Govermmoent buitding cou-
: tuins atl kiads of stuffed animals; tho
. Aifferout racos of people represented by
. eqn | “figures, also soldiers and horees in+
wx. Several buildings are not finished
* Set bit will be sou a9 they are-ruehing
the work right along? “‘Thowwurg ox |.
hibits from the Philippine Islauds white ||
* were youd, ‘Tho Smithsonian’ Institute |
haga large exhibit of curiosities which}
ure very fing, - The post-oflice dopurt:
ment is represunted by 20th century’
postal cars, ‘The Agricultural Building |
is vory fine, 1t contains ayreat array” uf
corn, seeda, und ail kinds of graiain
which the West takes the lead.” |
Cepont very little time in the Midway
nome of the attractions are” good -buta
reat many sre cheap affairs, whero
they are more than willing to agk largo
. Inices for nearly svorything ropreseuted
or shown there,* If duyune should agit
iw what impreesed me most, L cowl not
ray us it fs all wonderful, so much more
than any eae can imagine, J rather
think the coloring aud electric works are
the main attractions for if those should
cho taken away it would make the most
difference. ‘Co anyone coutemplating a
trip te BulTalo I would say be sure and
go. Itis well worth all the trouble and
espense, When [return home will write
nya, A. Maton Gis,
ESE UUUIITOSU Tere
Eprron Recoapst—
Your correspondont rolurned
Pan-American at Buffalo, "We wore of
uw party ofeleven and ‘found roome and
board inthe seme home, go tint that
part was vory plewant., We spont mout
of one thne on the grounds, which must
hy geon to understand oae tenth part of
tho beauty they prosent. [tis aometh-
ing grand, tho beautiful walks, fountaitis,
atatues,{ivwers otc. on ovory hand as you
‘atroll through the ground, J have notic
ol no montion of the: famous trip across
the Rocky Mountains ina carand around
itho world ina boat, which are among
‘among the wonders of the exhibition.
“The trip ovor the Mountains, abould
‘invite ‘all sight seoker to venture into
tho car, and for 10 cts, you are over and
back ono and a half miloe: It ian delight-
ful trip.”
* Phe Arehtecture and Coloring of each
‘of tho buildings ia suporb, It is called
‘tho “Ratuhow City,” rightly named too.
i [tie most restful tothe eye, When the
visitor Yoconies tired ho can rest any-
where, genta belong placed all around for
‘realing spots whore you can listen to tho
fologant muala, look at the flowers and
{fountains and adinire the beautiful
j blending of color.-, Tt ia a sight never to
‘forgotton. .
tea Che Government ‘Building is a anagul-}
‘Adont: -structuro' and the’ interesting
slight: ‘therein, muat" be ecen to tho ap
We: sere shown , tho: X Itny.
I ght byt the; vory, ‘gontle-
Sivho sad Beunrge ithereto
io and “shows
(ui fof! paper’ chines, Quate
1 nile with
{ looking’ “at tho ono ‘built
bottom, side».up, swag. reminded of this
aa :
“The Electric ‘Tower and Electrical
lQieplay ” ia -In ‘any way of thinking the
‘grapdost sight there. No pen could do it
Justico; no imagination could pieture it
‘To see it after 8o'cloek lighted, iy a
aight nover to forgotton, |‘Tnken nga
‘whole it is tho grandest exposition ever
‘held. ‘The Centennial was fine and those
~Who visited it speak of it today. So it
‘will bo with all who vieit the beautiful
lRatubow City’’ located so near Lake
Erle aud the grand Ningara Falls, We
(Visited this noted cataract, spending ono
day: thore and it is truly a wouderful
‘place, Youn can make the round trip
from Buffula and return for 60 ete; and
Around the helt lino in Builulo for 5 cts.
‘A trip around the belt hne after dark
‘giving you a view of tho Electrical dis-
‘play at the Exposition grounds is some-
‘thing to be appreciated,
Buffalo ia an elegant City, beautiful
streets with stately ehade trees, the
Horse Cheanut being the most numerous.
There is more asphalt pavomout than in
any other City accepting Washington.
‘Tho officers at evory hand, are pleasant
kindly, men and do all in their power to
tako the stay plonsunt for the visitor.
The trip from pointa in Northern New
York can be made by day lght on the
N.Y. Central lines aud the seenery
along Lhe route, especially from Syracuse
‘to Buffalo, is a great attraction for the
,baveler, You can got one of the beat of
tineals while ‘waiting at Syracuse for 25
een. Wo onjoyed the trip from aturt
to finish and wonld enjoy its tupitetion
lvetere’ the Exposition closes, It ig ao
chance of a lifetime to visit auch n plavo
89 near home, The rutes are very reas-
lohable and the N.Y. C. docs all possible
make the trip plengunt for ity patrons.
i we Mrs, P. EL Kuswitan,
Hrasher Falls, June 11, see s
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885.
No.—_—_—
Bo —$ $$ $<
-
From the
peng
PARK PLACE
» NEWYORK CTY
iter
From
po
~TLALEDISON IN GASES
Vi —eeeate OCT RTTRCETEI satan,
Famous Inventor Figures in Suits
in Federal Court. °
PLAINTIFF AND DEFENCE
<i —F-,
iNew England Phonograph Company
Sues Edison and Company to Re-
strain Them From Selling Phono-
graphs and Supplies in Now Eng-
land—Mr. Edison Brings Action
_ Against the Edison Chemical Gom-
pany for the Use of His Name.
ene
Thomas A. Edison, the famous inventor,
figured largely in casez in the United
States Court yesterday. In the firat in-
stance he was the defendant and in the
second the plaintiff. .
In the United States Circult Court Judge
Gray heard argument on a demurrer filed
in the caso of the New England Phonograph
Company vs. Thomas A. Edizon and others.
[The case was filed in the Circuit Court for
New Jersey, but the argument on the de-
murrer was heard here to sult the conven!-
ence of Judge Gray.
[PHOTOCOPY]
The suit was brought against Edison and
‘Jotbers to restrain them from selling phono-
grapbs and phonograph supplles in the New
England states under a claim of an exclu-
sive right on the part of the New England
Phonograph Company derived from the
North American Phonograph Company.
The demurrer set forth that the North
‘|American Phonograph Company had been
\Jdeclared inzolvent and Its affairs wound up
s}by receivers and that therefore the rights
claimed by the company had been termin-
ated. A-further question was ralsed as to
the validity of the contract under jwhich
the New England Phonograph Company
claims thé rights stated. Decision in the
case was rererved,
Howard W. Hayes represented Mr. Edl-
zon and Louls Hicks and Elisha H. Camp
represented the New England Phonograph
Company.
While this case was’ being heard Mr,
Hayes, ¢2 counsel for Mr. Edijeon, filed in
the Oireult Court for Delaware, before
fo Bradford, a petition on the part of,
Sir. Edison asking that the Edison Chemi- ;
cal-Company, a concern chartered under the t
lawé.of this state and doing business tn!
New York, be restrained from using the}
name Edison. The dil!'of complaint and
the affidavit accompanying it show that the
Chemical Company has teen selling ink and ;
ittk-tablets-under the name of Edison -tab-!
Jets and ‘the Wizard's” ink tablets: It is
also claimed -that these ore the invention:
of Edison. :
Mr. Edison also sets forth that he knows;
nothing of the company, that he is not the
inventor of the tablets and asks that the
company be restrained from using bis name.
While there might possibly be another
Edison who fs an inventor it Is claimed
that Thomas A. Edison is the only one
known os ‘the wizard.” The Edison Chem-
dAcal Company, according to its stationery
has p&cts at No. & Cedar street and at
Nos. 55 and 57 West -Twenty-sixth street
in New York. It is represented by the Del-
aware Trust Company upon whom notice
of the sult will be served. Judge Bradfore
Axed June 28 as the time for tbe hearing
in the case. The bill of complaint war sign-
ef by the great Inventor and the signature
{s one of the clearest and neatest ever teen;
in the court. It fs exactly like -the trad:
mark used upon phonographs, except that
It ds much smailer.
ra
irst, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885.
No.——_—_——
Fo¢——$ $$
From the ,
. gions
PARK PLACE
ee SV enyonk ty 8
i POA C80)
Ne
> H ‘
P hiladelan’a, Pa -Prags
JUN 3
=
Inventor Objects to the Use of His
oe ~ Name.
hes Special Despatch to “The Press,"
Wilmington, Del., Ju —T'1
Edlson brought sult Inthe Feder eet
to-day agains “New York company,
chartered under Delaware Inws, to re-:
strain it from using his name in con-_
nectlon with certain “wizard” ink tablets }
which he says he did not invent,
| In the Circult Court\of New Jersey,
jconvened in this city,’ Judgo George |
} Gray heard argument In the cas®of the |
i order to pro- +
iBiates, phonographs jn the New aca
5 et
a
Lb
Steere Ne Be ate
jb AA WEY ere e evmnwe mmrwe— Cy
INCORPORATED 1885,
te oph
i Pani Place 5 e
“NEWYORK (TY
[ree
On the 3d of August the Pan-Ameri-
an Exposition will be a rip-roaring car-
atval; according .to‘plans -in process’ of
formation.on-‘the part of the Midway
{ people. < BET Le Ses oe x
i On that day, which wilt be designated
| as the Day of All.Natlons, it is an- |
. Nounced that a parade of all the. tribes |
of the Midway, which includes’ almost |
ail people on the earth, wil be held In;
; the morning, ‘a, ter which ‘there will. be |
athletic games‘in- the Stadium; special
electrical. displays’ upon the: Electric
: Tower, Midway and Lake, and @ gor-
ccoue siltation, at night... 7: 0%
,_ in order to do this the concesslon-
{ Hires of the Midway will ‘spend. $10,000
in advertising the’ Exposition.. Five
, Yousand dollars of this amount was
j contributed to the concessionaired by
{ the Exposition’ authorities “yesterday
j afternoon, after a heated conference
i the office of the Director Generale The
concessioniires are {6 Have sole-contro)
{ of the money-and may ‘spend it In‘ the
: Winner which seems best calculated to
; obtain results. The most of it willbe
: Spent fn advertising the day in ques-
+ tion in the style which the concession- |
aires call “cireusing" the event.
[PHOTOCOPY]
| "| ConceSSioNAIRES HET,” ~ *
I
<The conference grew out of a meet:
Ing held by the Midway. concessionaires
after-their shows were’ cloned. Friday
night. Alarmed at the fact that the at-
“tendance was smaller last_week tha
the week before the; concessionaires
met to discuss the situation., A com-
! mittee, was appointed to lay the views |
! of the ‘meeting before the management
of the Exposition. Those selected were
H. F. McGarvie, Frank Bostock: By 2
McConnell, F, W. Thompson and E, 8.
| Dundy, They.met with President John,
' G. Milburn arid Director-General Bu-
{ chanan by appointment yesterday at-
ternoon and bluntly stated: thelr views
as to the reagons for the low rate of at-
tendance up to date., .: top age 3
“It’s all very well to blame this and i
| diame that,” declared Pres, McGarvie j
| who acted as spokesman,? “jbut the;
{ 4ruth Is this thing 1 being advertised }
!
j
wrong. You sre paying. too much |
money for artistic pafuphiets that are
only into the hands of cultured people.
They, don't support ,expositions, They |
all get passes. The scrowd that sun: |
ports expositions ‘are made up of the |
laboring men, You don’t get them with |
-editions de luxe, You have got. to!
clrcus this show, .You must tell them |
that you aré going: to.sive, the-greatest i
show on earth on n° certain day “and;
then make good. It will start things g0- |
ing. Give us $5000 to be used’ns we see
- fit and we will show you -how to draw
“the crowds. here. We will haye 200,000 |
people here on that day. ais wie
MR. MILBURN SETTLED IT,
_ “Bet you a box of clgars you dén't
£000 more than “usual,”
eneral Buchanan.
‘I’ take you;’”
. ares In chorus. - 7]
The bets were recorded.*”. z
Director-General: Buchanan’; the
arose and stormed at the proposition
; which ho regarded as a waste of money. 1
+ President Milburn, however, came to the
rellef of the concessionaires, .
“Why not glve them their
remarked, and that settled ity:
“EDISON SEES JLLUMINATIO
- Thomas’ A. Edlsop,” tt
- A NOTABLE ORGANIS
I/D. -Dussault,organist®.of,
» Pame Cathdral, Montrealz-wilt preside!
BE the mammoth organ in the Teniple of |
fusie, today, Monday and Tuesday, -\-:
This‘announcement will be read with
pleasure by lovers of organ musi¢, in-i
asmuch as Mr. Dugsault ‘ls one of thes
foremost organists’ In the Donitnion.g
Notre Dame is one of: the largests
echurener tn Canada, and Sts organ Ist
est v o
tena onan In the North Ame i
Meee gee ee eote mee een epee 6 ot en eeme seamnpnater
First, Best and Largest:
INCORPORATED 1888.
a a |
, Ageetss
nevyoRkaye, «|
[PHOTOCOP
-*glon with, the” concesslonarics = wus
~ Billpostors” Aid Enlisted. |
‘The officlal: meeting of the commit-
tees went into seaston at 3 o'clock yea- |
terday afternoon andthe clock was
striking the hour of ten when the Inat
concessionaire left his post of duty.
hey emerged from the meeting rooms
* weighted down with advertising copy,
‘petitions to railroads and committee
schedules, indeed from the amount of
matter they had relating to the day,
one would belleve that the: 200,000 maric
mark, which the conceaslonalres pre-
dict 6n that day will be reached. The
Dbualness which occupied the attention
of the members was that relating to
the wivertiaing of the day. Many of
the special ngenta uppolnted yesterday
afternoon left for thelr posts Inte lust
night while the remainder will be on
the way early thia morning. In’ ses-.
Charles FF.’ Filbrick of the Natlonal
‘Asgociution of Bill Postera and this
‘Jnorning -every member of that as-,
sociation in the larger cities will have
reeeived noti®e to set aside ‘certain
#pnee for the concesslonaries,
Concesslonarle E. W. MeConnell re-
cpived his assignment early in the nect:
ing and departed at once for Cincin-
snuth He will have chargo of the Mid-
away Day advertising in that clty and In
all Intermediate polnts, Bailey Avery,
of Lan Calles de Mexteo departed for
New York at midnight and tt will be
his task. to Induce the New York pit-
pers to “boost! 'the day. Mr. Avery will
also have charge of the billboard ad-
vertlaing in the metropolis. He will ar-
range to have the representatives of
the varlous Nw York newspapers here
on that day. “Charles Fy Filbrick was
detailed to the Dominion and will de-
part this morning, Vast amounts of ad-
wertising paper will be shipped to him
_- during the next flve-or. alx days and
'!"Jarge contracts will be made In the
leading ¢itles for advertising sprce,
+ «George Newton of Bostocit's show was
+ assigned to Chicugo, and intermediate.
points and t¢fteenrly Inst evening. Mr.
Newton had réceived assurance in ad-
Nance that permission‘ will be ‘grant-"
ed-to string benners wbross the prin-
_ clpal streets *ef the Windy City. Bd-
*. avard Ernst-has charge of the work in
Ohfo and Ponnsylvanja and will have
. Ja force at work today InCleveland.:
’ Phe following committee’ wes ap-
4 pointed to visit the officials of the yurl-
1 sous railroads: John J. Kennedy, Sam-
‘tel Wiel and J.B. Coxe,::The conces-.
Expense Will:Not be Spared,
and the.. Carnival. Will be
Son , A te a 1 « plonpires have‘ already: received ‘assur-"
Som thing Unprecedented,|; apes, diet hs ates from GY re
— ee ‘ Jy reduced as soon as they are assured
Alaty will ‘bo larger:
ip
Bitte
Lie cry
“A Delirium of. Something Doing and’ H
“the Midway ao Hilarlous Highway of|4
Revelry,” is a startling -tne which |!
printed fn bright red ink wil fash from]«
sane billooards of every city. from the|/{
ast of the Atlantic to the Mississippi |s
River before Tuesd
ay evening, vid=
ing. the concessstonalres Ole bak : aoe eee ia alactelect velit which te
Mans which wore formulated at af} i plans for the electrical ballot which fs
Ineeting |; -to take place 'on‘a platform in the
de Moxieo to epee ny in Las Catles| ” :Gourt of Fountains. “the “Wizard of
\ Which Js. to ‘¢ for Midway Day, { Menlo Park gladly ‘consented and the
Fron oe bo-Saturday August 3d. 5 people will watch with: intereat his
au ae Indications there will ve |t - frat jnlterapt to create fomething in
lure of i + the line of an’ entertaining feature,
* fasarles--are eae one even now em- Paln, the fireworks manufacturer; ‘has .
In the wind w gs in alt directions een communicated with and even now
ing in malting th the one Idea of nid- fhe is at work‘on something new for
eat that the Expoattion ie eA ten $9 the germ Used” by tee Phin oeher ne
or ever will see, r seen - 2 y
“immense quantitle Money they have in|} informed the concessionnires what he
‘ The special Teatures:
., Dromise , tp ‘excel anything * ever+ ate
tempted, Before leaving. the city Sat-
urday evening Thofifte- Remon was
t
}
I
way s to expend In every: could do to make the evening attract-|,
on that dag 2 Belt gh attendance’ ive. . ee : “hy
ag Thla non very . oe :
“ing iis orning every: avallable ‘print.,{/ |. Parade of All Nations, A
he ‘citles‘of Buffalo,’ Chi- + Oho parade which takes place at. 10/4
_ £480,"'Clovela k :
: ie Working “overdines cere se { o'clock in the morulng will bo participated
. Were : |! . :
: ing pot out yesterday! for advertis. : \ » No tnusio-of a0 andes meesaiie
Jae Paper, his evening the metropol- {i . ES
dan journals, the newspapers of Chi- |* o ‘
: ago. evetand, Detroit,’ Philadelphia
i the ca and’every city of any. alze |:
* about the great day sy ge%s, comms |
service wires were kept ate inte
s { kept hot’, f
the might carrying “glowing Tone
tata’, entures, The preparations for.
dan ante all “been made since Satur-
_Dreliintnary. gine oreo casting they:
yesterday's. New: York and tis sdete i
ph fo papers all had tengthy acecounts
owe nee a ey 7 cuncesastonaires |
¢ B yesters "
. at work; they worked nO hana, ‘tact :
that they had: I
day opentinne no time.to_thiik_of Sun- |:
|
|
|
A papeubagi ll eeasinn Abn
_ First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885,
No..
For
From the
jonny
y PARK PLACE
NEWY YORK aly
P OX
2747 0
Ne Ihutrees é
*Lone Island, N.Y. -Star
JUL 22 40)
» LU OHECr CTVYENTONo—
Unique Institution Soon to be Found:
‘ed by Thomas A. Edisom
‘Arerica’s ‘greatest inventor,
ig about. to establish an institute for the 1
benefit of other inventors, It {s' to be,
situated In Paris and Ja,
pena scents gine
[PHOTOCOPY]
THOMAS A, EDIBONy,
Door in purse -Whortmvenot the menns '
of pursuing thelr luvestigations to their
ultimate end, The tnstitutlua Js to have
machinery, laboratories, workshops and |
a Ubrary, all donated by Mr. Edison. :
Tn establishing this institute Mr, Edj- | '
son shows that lic has not forgotten his
own early struggles, The great invent-- ;
or began life poor and entered business |
aga train boy. He rose to bis present |
position of wealth and fame. through j
hard work and determination, It has ;
jong been Mr. Edison’s wish to do
something for poor inventors, and in
his proposed Institute | he seems to have
found bis opportunity. ;
Plans for the Edison institute hive |
been under discussion for some time. j
M, Gourand, the Buropcan partner of |
Mr. Edison, bas had active charge of
the matter, and he has Interested the
French government.and President Lou-
Upt in the plan, !The institute wil be
one of great magnitude, The laboratory |
alone will have branches for the vari-!
ous scleuces, one department belng de- |
voted entirely” to electricity, another to
chemlstry, ete. The workshops will be
fitted up in’ the Intest, and most ap |
“proved manner, and the ibrary will be :
{ comprehensive gnough to Ipelude ' any:
| w ‘ork of Anterest. or profit to an Inyent- ; i
ee tstatlonte: ied
will be untqu
No site haxyot bi in gelect:
Edison institute It bas been ded to |
locate it within the mits of the’ clty of |
Parts In some easily ecessible quarter,
The institute will, it‘ the éxpectations | 1
E the founder are realized, be tt active H
operation in p year and a half, Every |
deserving man who {3 an inventor or ;
who fs struggllig with some Invention !
which he is prevented from completing ! H
by lack of means or of facillties will be ;
welcomed at the institute and WwhL re- i
celve aid, It ts ensy to understand the ! H
earth Amount of good to the world that /
may flow from the doors of the Edison ;
Institute, !
t
134 WELECTRICAL WORLD ‘anp ENGINEER,
punched at the speed of the branch operators and put on trunk lines
at any speed required. In Morse transmission, the tape would
average double the speed of key transmission, and this, without
. crowding the typewritist at the other end.
Taking into account the inroads of the telephone on the telegraph
business, the small number of telegrams carried—about one per head
per year—the necessity for cheaper rates and greater volume is ap-
parent. In connection with this important improvement by Mr.
Delany, which makes every operator in the country a perforator as
well as a key-man, it would seem that great changes in telegraphy
are close at hand, and when the letter-carrying telegraph starts, long-
distance telephony will feel it sharply, for no talking machine can
Keep up with a 2000-word-per-minute recorder.
‘The editorial in the Evectrica, Worto anp Encineer, of March
9," 1901; forecasts clearly the near future of the changed conditions
in the telephone and telegraph situations, and I venture to quote it
closely as follows:
“Where will this great jump in telephony leave the telegraph?
That is by no means a small problem. With a telephone in every
house the use of the telegraph, except for long-distance work and
for press matter, would appear to be sadly limited, and this fact may
account for the presistent weakness of Western Union all through
these years of prosperity, It has been rumored that some of the in-
dependent telephone companies are proposing to develop machine
telegraphy on their lines when dull at night. The contrary proposal
' would be for the telegraph companies to do telephoning by day and
‘ also to turn their district messenger system into local telephone ex-
+ changes, There are elements of both strength and weakness in such
.a plan. At any rate, it is difficult to believe that hereafter the two
branches of work can be kept as distinct as they have hitherto been,
and the entire electrical community wilt watch with deep interest
, to see just what the actual developments may be.” :
The Edison Storage Battery.
In our issue of July 6 appeared the Specifications of an English pat-
' ent relating to the new Edison storage battery, and we print below
in full the specification of the corresponding United States patent,
' which was issued July 16. While the two specifications are identical
in greater part, the American patent is somewhat more full in detail,
and has an added interest from the references given to the subject
matter of other applications now in the Patent Office relating to the
; same type of battery.
The patent contains 26 claims, in all of which the term “reversible
galvanic battery” is applied to the invention, One of the more gen-
: @ral claims is as follows; “In a reversible galvanic battery an alkaline
electrolyte, a conducting support carrying finely divided iron when
charged, another conducting support comprising a receptacle having
elastic walls, and an oxide of a specific magnetic metal other than iron
carried within said receptacle and engaged by the walls thereof with
y an electric Pressure, said oxide being capable of furnishing oxygen
for the oxidation of the iron on discharge.” In other claims the
words ferrous oxide, or finely divided oxide of iron are substituted
for finely divided iron, and in some claims with the addition of the
words flake graphite intimately mixed therewith, Similarly, the
words owide of nickel are substituted for Specific magnetic metal, in
some claims also with the addition of the flake graphite clause.
Ta my application for letters patent, filed Oct. 31, 1900, Serial No.
34,904, I describe an improved reversible galvanic cell wherein the
metals, cadmium and copper are employed as the elements in an
alkaline electrolyte, and by means of which I secured a very perma-
nent cell, one wherein the initial and final states of the electrolyte are
the same, and, finally, one which was capable of storing a greater
amount of energy per pound of cell than batteries commercially used
before that time for the same degree of durability. My Present in-
vention is designed to further lighten the weight of the cell in com-
parison to the stored energy and to deliver the energy to the exterior
circuit at a higher rate. .
in the alkaline zincate type of battery as commercially used, so far
as I know, copper oxide has heretofore been used exclusively as the
oxygen-furnishing element when the battery is discharged, the cop-
per being reduced to the metallic state. The only other elements
which have been suggested and would be available as substitutes for
copper in these batteries have been those lower in the electrolytic
Series, such as mercury and silver; but so far as I know these metals
C duty a7, 1901 4
Vo, XXXVIIL, No. 4.
have not been satisfactorily or commercially utilized on account of
the difficulties arising from their application in alkaline electrolytes,
as well as because of their expense, especially in regard to silver,
which metal possesses the further disadvantage cf being quite soluble
in the electrolyte when subjected to oxidation, I have sought by a
great many experiments for an element or compound capable of be-
ing used in.an alkaline electrolyte, the heat of formation of whose
“oxid should be as low or lower than that of oxid of mercury, and
in this I have been successful, the result being the discovery of an
element for furnishing the oxygen to the oxidizable element on dis-
chargé with even greater freedom than oxid of mercury, while at the
same time the new clement is less expensive, is of less weight, is of
greater permanency, and finally is of greater insolubility in the elec-
trolyte, I have also sought by experiment for an element superior
to cadmium as the oxidizable clement on discharge, with the object
in view of further reducing the weight and cost of. the cell, and I
have discovered an element for the purpose possessing these desirable
characteristics, As a result a reversible galvanic cell equipped with,
the new elements is of great permanence, is relatively light and inex-
pensive, and is of great power,
The elements are preferably carried or supported by hollow per-
forated plates, forming receptacles or pockets, which are illustrated
22S,
oo
FIGS. I, 2 AND 3.—DETAILS OF EDISON STORAGE BATTERY.
in the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, and
in which—
Fig. 1 is a face view of one of the plates, having three pockets or
receptacles, showing the front wail partly broken away. Fig. 2 is
a section on the line 2 2 of Fig, 1. Fig. 3 is a plan showing two of
the plates forming a single combination, and Fig. 4 an enlarged detail
section. :
In all of the above views corresponding parts are represented by the
.Same numerals of reference,
Each plate is formed with two walls 1 and 2, constructed, prefer-
ably, of a single continuous sheet, made, preferably, of very thin sheet-
nickel—say, about .oog of an inch in thickness—and bent at its bot-
tom around a horizontal frame 3, from which extend the vertical
spacing-frames 4 4, to all of which frames the sheet is secured by
means of nickel rivets, as shown, to form a strong rigid hollow plate,
with pockets or receptacles between the vertical frames 44. The walls
1 and 2 of the plate, as shown, are perforated with small holes ar-
ranged very closely together, and each about 015 of an inch in di-
ameter. I prefer to use nickel in the construction of the plates, since
that metal is not oxidizable by electric oxidation in an alkaline solu-
tion. Tron, on the other hand, is slightly oxidized under these condi-
widen SW I Ht
JuLy 27, 1901.
tions and is not so desirable; but if very carefully and perfectly
plated with nickel it may be used satisfactorily for the construction of
either the plates or the frames. Obviously the frames 3 and 4 may
be, and in some instances preferably are, constructed of hard rubber
or other inert material, to which the perforated sheet is riveted, as
explained. Secured to one or both of the sides of the plate are a
number of insulated spacing blocks § 5 to prevent adjacent plates
from touching when immersed in the electrolyte.
In the manufacture of my new oxidizable element for use in a re-
versible galvanic cell I first preferably take monosulfid of iron and
veduce it by a crushing operation until the particles thereof may be
passed through a screen having about 40,000 openings per square inch,
and I intimately mix about eight parts, by weight, of the powdered
monosulfid with about two parts, by weight, of flake graphite of a size
considerably larger than the perforations in the walls of the pockets
or receptacles. Flake graphite being exceedingly thin and of large
area gives an extensive conducting-surface in proportion to its bulk
and weight. This mixture is then moistened with a 20 per cent solu-
tion of potassic hydroxid, and the dampened mass is packed into the
pockets or receptacles of the proper plates by a suitable tamping-tool.
Owing to the want of flexibility of the graphite, the mixture packs to
a hard porous mass. The effect of electrolytic gasing therefore does
not disintegrate the mass as a whole when properly compressed. After
each pocket or.receptacle has been tightly packed with the mass al-
most to its top a wad of asbestos fiber 6, about a quarter of an inch
in thickness, is introduced into the pocket or receptacle above the
mass, and on top of this packing is placed a strip of sheet-nickel 7,
entirely covering the asbestos and filling the mouth of the pocket,
which strip is permanently secured in position by nickel wires 8,
threaded through the openings near the top of the pocket, as shown
particularly in Fig. 2. The element thus formed is subjected to
electrolytic oxidization in a solution of potassic hydroxid, whereby
sulphur will be set free and combining with the alkali forms a sulfid
of potassium, which diffuses out of the ‘mass, while the iron is con-
verted to a ferrous oxid thereof. This diffusion of the alkaline sulfid
out of the plate is hastened and facilitated by subjecting the contents
of the plate to alternate oxidization and reduction by alternately re-
versing the oxidizing current, and by several of these operations the
whole of the sulphur will be eliminated and the element will be ready
for use after the iron has been reduced to the metallic state. Since
iron does not decompose water, there will obviously be no local ac-
tion between it and the graphite. The oxid formed from the sulfid
increases in bulk and being intermediately mixed with the graphite
produces considerable pressure on the walls of the plate, which pre-
vents any disturbance of the initial state of the mass even when it is
subjected to strong gasing within the pores by overcharging the ele-
ment electrically. The object of using the monosulfid is to secure
the greatest amount of iron oxid in the smallest space and in a form
capable of being reduced to the metallic state electrolytically,
My attempts to utilize iron as the oxidizable element in an alkaline
reversible battery were for a long time frustrated by the facts, de-
termined only after exhaustive experiments, that dried oxids or. iron
were not reducible to any extent by the current; that spongy iron re-
duced by hydrogen from different iron salts was not oxidizable to
any considerable extent by the current; that the hydrates of iron
were very bulky and difficult of use without drying, which operation
effected some obscure change therein to render them nearly inert in
the presence of the reducing current; that bulky ferric oxid was not
capable of any considerable reduction by the current, and, finally, that
ferrous oxid, though easily reducible, was very difficult to prepare on
account of atmospheric oxidation. The formation of the ferrous oxid,
in the first instance, within the pockets or receptacles did away with
the objections due to the bulk of the hydrates, while the oxid thus
formed in perfectly reducible by the current. Instead of forming the
oxid in this way by oxidizing the monosulfid in an alkaline solution,
it will be obvious that salts or iron, like ferrous chlorid, may be packed
with the graphite and when placed in an alkaline solution form chlorid
of the alkali and ferrous oxid of iron, the alkaline chlorid diffusing
out of the mass. The results, however, are not sa good as when the
sulfid of iron is used, since the quantity of finely divided iron pro-
duced thereby: is considerably less and is also less porous, offering,
therefore, a reduced opportunity for the solution to penetrate the
mass and lowering in consequence its current-conducting capacity.
Metallic iron, even when finely divided, as produced by electrolytic
reduction, does not of itself oxidize in solutions of the fixed alkalies,
and the oxid of iron is not appreciably soluble. Compact, dense or
non-porous iron, i. e., iron having relatively large particles, when sub-.
ELECTRICAL WORLD
Anp ENGINEER, ‘ 135
jected to a powerful electrolytic oxidation forms a small quantity of
a soluble ferrate of the alkali and dissolves in the electrolyte. On the
other hand, finely divided iron obtained as described when subjected
to electrolytic oxidation does not form a soluble ferrous oxid. My
improved oxidizable clement is therefore absolutely permanent, so
that in the operation of the battery the electrolyte is not changed at
any stage of the working, and absolutely no deterioration of the iron
clement takes place,
Having described the advantages and characteristics of and the pre-
ferred manner of making the oxidizable element, reference will now
be made to the preferred oxygen furnishing or storing element of the
cell.
I have discovered by experiment that the lower oxids of nickel and
cobalt when in contact with a conductor in an alkaline solution can
be almost wholly raised from this lower to a higher stage of oxidation
electrolytically than is possible by chemical means and that these
higher oxids revert to a lower stage by reduction with extreme case,
and availing myself of this fact I have constructed an oxygen-storing
element capable of great capacity, of light weight, and of high perma-
nence. Neither the oxid of nickel nor of cobalt is appreciably soluble
in an alkaline electrolyte, and both nickel and cobalt give nearly the
same voltage in use; but since nickel is less expensive than cobalt I
prefer to use the former.element for the purpose.
The preferred process of making the oxygen-storing element con-
sists in first precipitating either the monoxid or black hydrated di-
oxid of the metal—say nickel—in the usual way, washing the pre-
cipitate free from the products of the reaction, filtering off the liquid,
and drying off the precipitate. The resulting dried hydrated oxid
is then powdered very fine and is ready for use. Either oxid may be
used with the same results. The process above outlined applies to co-
balt as well as to nickel. About seven parts, by weight, of the finely
powdered hydrate and three parts, by weight, of flake graphite are
then intimately mixed and moistened with a small quantity of a strong
solution of potassic hydroxid, so as to dampen the mass, which is then
inserted in the,pockets or receptacles of the proper plates in small
quantities at a time and thoroughly tamped at each accession. Fin-
ally the mass is covered with a Jayer of asbestos, held in place by a
plate of nickel secured in position by nickel wires, as I have described
in explaining the make-up of the oxidizable element. The plates, the
pockets of which are thus supplied with the mixture of the hydrated
oxid and graphite, are then immersed in a solution of potassic hy-
droxid in water and subjected for a considerable time to an oxidizing
current of about so milliamperes per square inch of surface, during
which the oxid is either raised to a higher stage of oxidation than the
black oxid (Ni:Os) or else acts a6 an absorber of oxygen is some
manner unknown to me. Whatever the action may be, the oxid so
treated acts as a most efficient oxygen-storing element for commercial
use in a galvanic battery. :
The object of employing graphite, which is not affected by electro-
lytic oxidation, is to offer a great extent of surface against which the
whole of the oxid is in contact, a large conducting surface being
necessary, since the electrolytic reduction and oxidation for practical
purposes only extend a small distance from the conducting surface
against which the oxid is in contact. This is admirably effected by
the use of graphite in its micaceous form, the proportions indicated
being such as to practically insure that the electrolytic action need not
penetrate a greater distance from the contact surface than the thick-
ness of a single particle of the powdered oxid. Furthermore, there
is no local action between the nickel or cobalt oxids and the graphite.
The reason why nickel hydrate is preferably used instead of other
compounds of nickel is that the metal itself when finally divided (as
obtained by reducing a nickel compound by hydrogen or electrolysis)
is not oxidizable to any considerable extent when subjected to elec-
trolytic oxidation in an alkaline solution. The sulfid of nickel is not
decomposed by electrolysis under the conditions of battery work, and
the sulfid of cobalt only imperfectly. Hence the hydrates are the
most available compounds for usc, since they do not become inert
to the same extent as hydrates of the oxids of iron after drying, they
are easily prepared, and by absorbing the solution they swell within
the pockets or receptacles, so as to insure intimate contact and sta-
bility. -During the charging of the cell the absorption of oxygen by
the oxid of nickel or cobalt causes the oxid to further swell and bulge
the pockets or receptacles outwardly, and on discharge a proportionate
contraction takes place. In order that the walls of the pockets or
receptacles may always maintain the desirable intimate contact with
the active material, the pockets are, as stated, made of some highly-
elastic metal, such as hard-rotled sheet nickel, so that at each con-
|
|
Ws cee ee SS
eects ete st :
et ce a En ae ee
136 :
traction of the mass the pocket-walls will by their elasticity keep in
contact therewith,
Having constructed the two elements of the battery as above ex-
plained, they are preferably utilized together in a solution of 25 per
cent of potassic hydroxid in water and the cell is ready for use, and
when charged the iron is in the metallic form and the nickel or cobalt
* oxid is raised to the superperoxid stage described.
Owing to several obscure reactions which take place when the bat-
tery is discharged, and also to a change of resistance within the elec-
trodes, the voltage is variable; but the average voltage over the whole
discharge is about one volt, rising as high as 1.32 volts, and some-
times higher, when freshly charged.
My improved battery can be overcharged, fully discharged, or even
reversed and charged in the opposite direction without any injury.
Overgassing does not disturb the initial state of the materials in the
pockets, all the ingredients are insoluble, the supporting plates are
unattacked by electrolytic oxidation, and the whole operation is in-
dependent of the strength of the solution, so that the battery is of
great permanence, while at the same time more energy will be stored
per unit of weight than with any permanent practical combination
heretofore suggested.
I have constructed a battery as above described which gives an
available storage capacity of one horse-power-hour for 73 lbs. weight;
but it may be made lighter without destroying its permanent character.
The specific magnetic metals are iron, nickel and cobalt. By the
expression “oxid of a specific magnetic metal other than ‘iron” as
employed in my claims I mean oxid of nickel, oxid of cobalt, or a
combination of such oxids. By the use of that expression it is my
purpose to embrace and include generically both of these utilized
oxids,
I do not claim herein the new depolarizer per se comprising an
electrolytically-active oxid of nickel or cobalt, nor do I claim herein
broadly such depolarizer when used in a battery of the improved type
invented by me, wherein the electrolyte remains unchanged at all
tims and wherein both the active materials are insoluble in all condi-
tions of use, nor do I claim herein such a depolarizer, broadly, in
combination with any suitable oxidizable materials. In my present
application I claim the new oxidizable element per se and in com-
bination with the new depolarizer. Claims, first, on the new de-
polarizer per se; secondly, on such depolarizer when used in a battery
of the new type invented by me, and, finally, on such depolarizer in
combination with any suitable oxidizable element are made in my ap-
plication for Ictters patent fited on even date herewith (Case No.
1061) as a division of my application filed March 1, 1901, Serial No.
49,453, of which the present case is also a division. Claims on an
electrolytically active oxid of cobalt used as a depolarizer are made
in my application filed March 1, 190, Serial No. 49,452.
The Alkaline Nickel-oxide Cell.
By Proressor Acuert L. MarsH. :
LTHOUGH the books on storage batteries do not mention any
cell which uses an oxide of nickel in an alkaline solution as a
depolarizer, it seems that the idea is not new. Michalowski,
in particular, has worked in this field, and now Edison has taken up
the task and promises a practical storage battery.
Some months before Edison’s nickel-iron cell was announced and
without knowledge of the work of Michalowski, the writer under-
took to use an oxide of nickel for the positive plate in an alkaline
cell. The idea of its use in this way was suggested by a fact first
observed by Fischer, that a brownish black deposit separates at the
positive pole when an alkaline solution of nickel tartrate is clectro-
lyzed. The formula, Ni,O:.2H:0, was assigned to the product as
the result of chemical analysis. The oxide obtained in this way is
a‘strongly negative substance, producing in alkaline solution an
-e. m. f. of about 1.63 volts with zinc and 1.35 volts with cadmium.
The ¢, m. f. produced varies slightly with the strength of current
used in depositing the oxide coating. :
Before proceeding further it would be well to consider briefly the
different oxides of nickel so that a clear idea may be had of the
relations of each, together with the names commonly used. There
are three well-defined oxides of nickel known.
1. Nickelous oxide or protoxide of nickel (formula NiO) is a
green powder, turning yellow upon heating. It oxidizes to Nis Os
upon being heated above 330 degs. C., and is converted to NiO again
upon raising the temperature above 600 degs. C.
ELECTRICAL WORLD anp ENGINEER.
Vou, XXXVIIL, No. 4.
2. Nickelic oxide or nickel sesquioxide (formula NiO;), some-
times but wrongly called peroxide of nickel, is a black powder formed
by decomposing some salt of nickel, as nickel nitrate Ni(NOz)s, or
nickel chlorate Ni(CIOs):, by heating to the lowest possible tempera-
ture which produces the decomposition. It is also formed by the ac-
tion of hypochlorites upon nickelous oxide suspended in alkaline
solution. .
3. Nickelo-nickelic oxide (formula NisQ.) is a gray metal-like
non-magnetic solid.
‘A sub-oxide of nickel (formula Ni:O) is said to exist.
The peroxide, supposed by Edison to have the formula NiO:, and
called by him superoxide of nickel, is formed by the action of elec-
trolytic oxygen on nickelic oxide in an alkaline solution. It is
thought to be formed by the action of hypochlorites on the hydrate 1
nickelic oxide, NixOs.3H:O. Wicke gives the composition as Ni,O;,
and Bayley as NiO When formed in the wet way a hydrate of the
oxide restilts rather than the simple oxide, but in most cases it is
necessary to consider only the simple oxide.
The nickelic oxide, Ni:Os, prepared in any way ‘except electroly-
tically, is inert; that is, it produces no e. m. f. when opposed to zinc
or cadmium in an alkaline solution. When, however, an electric
current is sent through the solution from the nickelic oxide plate to
the cadmium, the couple becomes active. It is quite probable that the
substance of the active nickelic oxide plate is a higher oxidation
product.
The nickelic oxide prepared electrolytically as described above is
at the same time subjected to an oxidizing influence, so that very
likely it, too, is 2 higher oxidation product. The fact that analyses
of the latter gave Wernicke results pointing to the formula NisOs.
2H,0, is not remarkable, since the peroxide is very readily reduced,
the reduction being especially easy in the medium in which it is
formed. The tartrate acts as a reducing agent. I find that the oxide
layer, which is quite black while the current is passing, immediately
grows lighter in color when the circuit is broken, and the reduction
proceeds to the formation of sonie green oxide, NiO; but if thor-
oughly washed while the current is passing, no considerable reduc-
tion takes place and the product may stand in a solution of pure
potassium hydroxide (or sodium hydroxide) an indefinite length
+ of time without apparent change. .
The equation representing the discharge of the new Edison battery
is assumed by E. F. Roeber to be
NiO, + Fe= Nj O + FeO
It is more probable that theoretical NiO. is reduced to NiO
rather than to NiO. Even at this, the theoretical weight efficiency
of a nickel peroxide plate is about 1.75 times that of a lead peroxide
plate with its required amount of sulphuric acid. If, however, the
peroxide has the’ formula Ni.O;, the theoretical weight efficiency
would be less than that of a Jead peroxide plate.
The decrease in weight of the new Edison cell is chiefly due to the
use of iron for the negative plate (theoretical weight efficiency about
five times that of a lead plate with its necessary H:SO.) and to the
smaller amount of liquid required.
A fully charged cell having zinc for the negative plate may show
an initial voltage of 1.9 per cell, and substituting finely divided
cadmium for the zinc I have obtained a littlé more than 1.6 volts
per cell at the beginning of discharge. The e. m. f. in the case of the
cadmium cell drops gradually to zero, and in order to get 2 good re-
turn in ampere hours a considerable part of the current must be taken
at less than 1 volt per cell.
* Novel Chimney Sweeping.
_ The Philadelphia Record notes the following instance of a well-
known electrical phenomenon: Employes of the Vineland, N. J.
flint glass plant are marveling at a weird phenomenon. The fur-
nace was out of blast and the workmen had been set to work
to clean the soot from the high smokéstack. They were sit-
ting about complaining of the job on account of the hot weather,
when a storm broke upon them, an electric bolt entered the
furnace door, went down into the bowels of the furnace and then
up the high stack and out. When the men entered the furnace to see
how much damage had been done they discovered, much to their
amazement and delight, that the lightning, which did no damage
whatever, had completely cleaned the inside of the stack and left the
soot in a pile at the bottom, :
tee See bet there Wo GE Ens
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[PHOTOCOPY]
First, Best and Largest, ‘
_ INCORPORATED 1883,
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itternos
pulldingss me
oe ete t Faris
siting: aryeeds
Mr. Edison, partion tl
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‘man in suc! a space, of timer His
‘Knowledge of Buc’ atters enabled bi mat
‘4 many things that
t swould- havo} required; 1008
Seudy-and detailed explanayt “Therefore,
che’ was able to cover, © BT at) a of
ground “quickly and thoroughly-> He,
that the exhibits in the “Machinery. pyplld-
jng were “wonderful—the most marvelous
he ‘Had, over’ BccD at ap. exposition—a8
ther: “qh ga nearer approach to completc-
negs in a small space than had ever be-
fore been achieved. c baseity
{2m the Adines buildiog, Mr. Edleon found
Tithe exhibits classified and presented afte:
i much the same plan as those io
chinery pullding: and the praise, accorded
py him to tho first. pulldiog, was repente
after he had ecen the second One...
Mr. Edison. witnessed the Jighting of the
grounds and bulldings from the Triumphal
Causeway and the great night show was
easing, even to him. He ald nat 5o Into
raptures: aver It, but What ho did say Was
short and clear, and. for that reason”
more to be prized. Ho merely remarked
that {twas tho most effective ilumination,
ever secomplished by djstributed power.
That pleased the men of tho exposition’s
olectrical department, and it It was goo
enough for them it ought to do for the
rest of tho people. i x
‘The three Bdlsons visited several of the
Midway concessions. Today they will ‘go
to Niagara Falla. From the Falls they
will return to Buffalo and will spend scv-
erat days more at the exposition.
First, Bestand Largo
, “ NcORPORATED 1885.
From, - ee
egret cutter oud
AUG J: 190!
the city and” enjoyin farve
y AN ig. the .
anions and art that are hereto Be neers
Among the places visited was the pow
Rote, he devon cen dato
ave. been~
closely py the wizard from the pees:
iB ng. At noon the distinguished guests
(took luncheon, avith BE. v: Acheson;
president of the Graphite ‘Company; at’,
; the proeiet House, ‘They lett for Buf-,*
falo, 316 o'clock. Mr, Exiison: ex-
(pressed himself get glowing tenn “ot
what thas alrea¢ een accomplisted ‘by
“at the Pan-American wag described as
"grand and superb. Mr. Ed! :
at 6 . Edison said if
i wae by far the most successful illumi- a
ion ever effected by a distributive
power,
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[PHOTOCOPY]
For a
From the er
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AUG 7,190}
umerdus’ business: ventuireas
Hia company | offered: to: provi
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lach:'at.the rate’ of $12" a° Jam
ree-year “contract: gre
ear, contraqt::= Tho
we the. Leompany.. would’ p o- the!
jecessary equi: a the maatlataction |
oe tho’ city." ard that at any time ‘the
jeandle’ power ‘of the! lights: could’ be
"measured by the, city at tho company's
expense. 7 weet ete
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For.
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ite o over the ‘strost,’ Ng
(ehould tho a contract be award
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[PHOTOCOP
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INCORPORATED (888,
No.
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POSSIBILITIES
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aa aa na ton uesday, | pover is iy use only fen hours out, it
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H Wl -be shipped
fevles. Due
s lJ weal?
Cdon't kuew, 1 te date rel, nv)
Es notiting in i commeeretally. oot
ut iwooer two
aby Ntorage
avilable for at
f hours, dat t
Sl. ‘Laws to
Aesneadgoseg ban 2"
think they will, Eapeclaily If thes]
‘ a ne,
_, barry out Mro Stlerlnger’s Taens OL
fighting.the groungls and ‘buildings. Ue
ans been. ‘for yenrs:trying«to do what
ie has,at Inst dene atthe Pan-Amerl-
‘an, bit ‘the architects’ were-all along
toublful of resulta’ ‘and he couldn't
ane ile Aidit At Inst they, partially |”
reed with him, hence the ‘9
he Pan-Am 1 een
What-is Jen af the perfection}:
ni dhls Une ination?” f
Nie ° per of Sghting will ‘he j
shen you ean stand off half a mile at
ight ond nee all the outlines of the
uildings, the cornices and the win-
ows, tAIL WILE tbe outiined; the Ines
inhroken fram tep -to.bettom: Ines
roth ‘horizontal and perpendicular per.
ect, When you enn see these Ines
nat 8 bulldings themselves,
Ughting will be fect"
“What is the future of ‘Nlagara Falls
is you see It?"
Niagara will ‘be continued to he uti-
ized toa grent extent, but all locally.
Nt WUT be & great eleclro-chemleal cen-
“phen you don't think the power of
carn It destined ‘to “be trangsinitled
largely?” ie
o. No money in 1.”
“When Lord Kelvin was at Niagara
ne avid: ‘fT look ‘forward to the ‘thine
when the whole center from Take Ert
whl find Ite way to the lower level
Lake Ontirlo through machinery do-
ing more good for the workd than that
serena benefit whieh we pow possess In
ithe contemplation of the aplendid scent:
‘which we have presented ‘thefore us at
the presnt time by the anaterfall of Ni-
rogaras Can you conceive such
"change?" , :
“C chink that fs what tt ought to te,
[te thes: will thin the water down from
aix feet thick ite Bix ‘Inches, ft twill give}
Wl the, what do you call It? nesthetle |:
vifeet called for by romantic people and
ll that the eommereial people want,
ind everybody will be happy.”
“phen you think Ningam is doxtined
te advance as an electro-chemical cen
1
? '
“Yes, Tt wilt have many such Indus-
tries. HE will be 8. avonderfal pines.”
“Tfow about ‘the, gases from such
Hants?” a
“Phere ts no reason why they should
bother anybody, “They can pulld thei
tacks Aigh.”
“tut chlorine gas Is giving trouble
Shere now.
“Ppere Ia no veason Why It should,
t
‘Nhy do such plants lneate In the hear
wf the city? ‘There's plenty of reoms
nitshle, ‘Rut they can capttre ehlor-
‘ne, In fact, they, need Lt Jn ametsings
venching powder. Tam not fomillar
vith the process employed In {he pirat
rou-mention, 7 know about the Cast-
ter process, But gases shouldn't both-
or Niagara.”
“Wil Niagara power be used in
smelting ores?” ‘s
“1 don't know why there fan’t several
Marts of that kind there now, | ca~
seclally copper smelting pants, ‘They
‘ake a lot of power, thourh. 1 know of
Mree or four ble things of tits king
‘hat are about ready to Tocate nt Ning.
ara, Yes, ‘Nlugara hag a great fetd
nthis line. ‘They should ibe there now,
Niagarn has the) power, ‘and that Is
vhat they reauire.”
sontinue in greatness and extent?"
“Yor: Niagara has ‘a wonderful
smotnt of nawer, anid.tt Is needed, Chat
“anal at Ningaro is a very practlesl
‘hing. Very. IT was much Interested
nit. at :
“wy¥on visited the rant af the Acheson
‘nternatione) Graphite Company, while
+t the Falls?” 4
“yes, It Is 1 very clever process,
Jraphile has 0 great future, Mr. Aches
ans: process [a Very ingenlaus, Gra-
shite Is used bn many ways and forms,
snd these will mullipty.”
Within a few miputes Atr. “Edjsan wos
ww hia way to meet Mrs. Hidlson fn the
temple of Music.
{WIL the Niagara power Hlevelopment .
teeter rence i
4 Sore WE 2
[PHOTOCOPY]
vor
Fi B dL Peers “UW MMiiin Aceosted ad Detectl¥
ist, Dest and Largest. When first Willlams obtruded his per-
sonality upon the official notice of the
Police Department he had but. just
emerged from. the Hotel Imperial,-on
Broadway ut about 7 o'clock last even-
ing, Without waiting for the formality
of an introduction, Williams stepped. up
to Thomas Hayes, a detective-sergeant
‘attached to the “beggar squad,” and ac-
INCORPORATED 1885,
vay ;
Pe F of sented atin politely. * pa ik
* “Good evening,” sa Villiams, ,
ies “How d'ye do?” politely rejoined
! Hayes,
{. “Pardon me, sir," continued the travel-
ONAL Pp ¢ ing salesman, wWhose- wife fs at the
; Thousand Islands, “I have not the
32 pleasure of your acquaintance, but I
have made ‘bold to spenk to you because
PARK PLACE. your face ts a-kind one,”
“Thank you,”_sald Hayes,
NEWYORK ay Merely Wanted a Few Doltars, .
P.0.Box “Pray believe that It 13 so," sald WIn-
j 2747 . fams earnestly, “To tell the truth, sir,
: i1 am. financially embarrassed for the
N y j time being. 1 om ‘in Englishman, sir,
f “.
.
and have only recently come to this,
;country, I have been unfortunate here,
sir, and am wholly unacquainted. Might
| beg of you, as a personal favor, that
{you assist me to the extent of a.few
Luce
Yue
PEC qT ys ‘dollars to obtain sufficient money to’ pay
iN Y. Wie . ,my passage back to England? ‘I ‘need
i 's ’ . not say, sir, that I shall be plensed to
vo fp repay you for your kindlJness as soon. ag
eR: iu 5 1 arrive.on the other side and have a
: : chance to communicate with my
Ste —— ad (ich frlends."- —* :
7 z T oo “Don't mention It,” sald the detective,
" ‘ “Oh, thank you, sir. And will- you
R FOOLISH _ favor me with such a loan?" ican
' ; nf Hnyes Was Pleased. 2 |
; ME “Why, of course," sald Hayes, amil-
f ingly. “I am just looking for cases Ilke
S yours, It pleases me beyond measure to
- . : re meet a man in, your fix. Unfortunately,
Ai d ag papaCe ee ke ee T haven't anything in my pocket less
{Alleged Counestion of Thomas Ra ST gD ee RE een Pe
i : a . place where I am known we will get 2
Son in Trouble for’ Begging. ; drink_and I wilt change the money so
s. that I can relieve your wants.” eh aed
“You are very good and kind,’’, said
HE-ACGOSTED A DETECTIVE, woh, t don't know,” sald the ‘detective,
aa i modestly,’ : eh ee ;
Together Willlams and Hayes strolted
along Broadway to Thirttetn street-and
turned west. At the. West Thirtleth
street station house Hayes put his hand
gently on the shoulder of Wi)llams and
_led him. in, As soon os Willams re-
,allzed how basely he had been deceived.
he waxed’ exceeding wroh,.- te
‘Then Williains Protested..,
“This is an outrage!” he cried “Mere-'
ly because an English gentleman [a a
Httle embarrassed financially is no’ rea-
son why ‘he should be treated Mke-a
common Vagrant. I protest, sir; I most
decidedly protest.”
Secing that-his protest passed unheed:
ed, he tried another plan. He told’ the
sergeant In charge. who he was, He
gave him a brief, but comprehensive au-
tcblography and also told all about his
fee
HO-ARRESTED HIM:
cisones ls ‘a Traveling Salesman, and lis
{ Wile ‘ang Chitd’ Are at the Thousand
\ : Islands, :
cy
4 With his wife ana ehlid ‘enjJo; pin em=
aelves among the Thousand Yslands, o
thing which cannot be Properly done
without the expenditure of at least a falr
amount of cash, Albert E, Willlains
traveling salesman, of 216 West Elghey-
third street, and On alleged connection of
Feces the invertor, yery ‘naturally ‘last
ning sought fo reflenish the fearilly, wife, the nlece of Thomas A, Tdison.
exchegitér: "His inethods were g° ilttle Sergeant Wan Sympathetic,
queer,. but ‘that was strictly his own ‘ “Too bad!” said the sergeant sympa-
lattatr unti the ‘iro 7
n hand’ of the law: thetlcally, “I am sorry for them."
meet ie official matter, Then Willlams was seached and forty
is to the nts told by cents Ana foun in his pocket. He was
. a ie locked up. le police yay that he has
of Thorman gina, But she ts also a. niece | . been “ jocked up before wn a simiter
i ’ ns ‘Wizard o: charge, only three months ago. ‘Th:
ane dae Why Mr, Willams did not! time he was begging his fare to Newark,
arte by. ery akar es ussistance to. his N. J, it is asserted. He will have a
ubly best knows ae at Edison, is. prob- | chance toctell in the Jefferson Market
Is strletiye 2 Aimeeif and, anyhow, * police ‘court. this morning how. he hasy
ya fanilly, matter, eh fi come to change to England so quickly
seen mene
-' First, Bestand Large.
A Boom in Business.
Advertising promises to boom this fall and
September 1 will probably see a large number
of new advertisers in the field.
Of the new business that is 10 be placed
Phillips & Co.. St. James Building. will con-
. tral at least four new accounts. Copy will
go out late this month or early in September.
Two of these are now nearly ready to begin
| general advertising campaigns—the Ryquina
: Company and the Thomas A. Edison, Jr., Chem-
ical Company, Sufficient capital has been placed
behind these two concerns to enable them to
begin progressive advertising campaigns from
the time their goods are ready for the market.
The former company is putting out Ryquina
—a cure for Malaria, Chills and Fevers—while
the latter is going to expand a previously in-
different business devoted to the manufacture
and sale of ink tablets.
Two other concerns which anticipate doing
a large amount of advertising through Phillips
& Co. are not yet prepared to make their
names and other information public.
The addition of these many new accounts ta
those now handled by the firm of Phillips &
Co, will make this one of the largest and most
important houses in the general agency field.
sas insure the quick sale of new proprictary
of their stccess. :
.
Phillips & Co. have sich trade connections |
articles, This is one of the principal reasons,
"YY, mo:
ie
heathig,
4 aa
\roofes- gas!'raris
. e]
anutacture of,
i
thelr
ni
Beit and Largest,
part ee
pee EW nt ie tn
From the
gine ts
PARK PLACE!
Hew YORK «ly
\ pots 0
Nien’
Fro | ee sgt
1G 2% (901
THE NEY BRTRH WEN -OF
1
t
STRIKING PROOFS OF HOW BRITISH |
| MEN VIEW AMERICANS ©.
Thele Mental Attitude Towards Anything |
Foreign — Show. Thalr Ignoranoe by i
Scouting Edison and Hle Invontions—An !
' Attempt to Convict a Spoolalfst of Not !
| Knowlng His Gwa Subject — Carping:
Gone Kad. ; tac
Fielden’s Magazine of London, which «
jfor a eub-title bas ‘The World's:
‘Record of Jndustzial Progress,’* bos |
just publehed Its “‘eecond birthday
number.” The editer reminds his
renders of his efforts ‘'to keop this
pubticution up to the highost concort .
pitch of excellence and superiority cn
behalf of the rsauufasturors of Great
Britain, in whore int it has been
50 assiduously working.’ He refers to
the change that has come over the ib- }
dustrial horizon tho Inst two yosre, |
ond epesks of ‘the inauguration of
tho cologsei traate in America, which ¢
tre seeking ta practically nbsorb tko :
‘rado of the world bry (killing legiti- :
uate industry,'’ and intreduces *‘the ;
irst of a gerlon of urticles on ‘How
Broat Britain is Meeting Foreign ;
competitions’ '* .
Later“oh, in a leading article on!
‘Edieon’s New Storage Battezy,’’ 1s!
‘ound a good cxample of how the!
iutrictie editor of Feilden’s Magazine |
ind too many of his fellow cuountry-
nen are satisfied *'to meot foreign!
sompetition’’ in goneral,-and Ameri- |
san competition ioparticular, =~ 1
The intérebtie-zad important fea- .
cure of thelerticfe4a-not sy much the :
neoh-poohing of.tho.particular inven- :
dion of Thomas Afva Edigon,. us. the -
2xposition Ofthe-mental dititude gen- ;
Ny taken up toward somothing new, |
ecially if it comes from outelde the ;
britieh Isles, ‘American competi- :
tion'’ is the text on which sermon af- .
ter sermon has of late been preached *
to the British business man, and yet:
the report of un important inventior
ts treated in this fuehion; Z
The article takes ag ita eubject Dr,
Arthur Keunelly’s paper Zon- gone
new storage battery, read Muy 21° Bé-
fore the meeting of the American in-
atitute of Electrical Engineors. Bofore
condescending to the slightest criti-
elsm of Dr. Kennelly's paper and the
details of Edison's jnvontion, it starts
of with the following pazsngo beeuti-
fully indicative of the frame of mind
in which so many British men of
business approach anything in which
thoir most succesetul rivals are con-
cerned, . , i
[PHOTOCOPY]
breccia oe renee en
r-
| “Ifa psper on eo important a gub-
Ject us that to yoich Dr. . Konnolty's
report was Gevoted had tyansmit-
rad to as from‘ Borll St
beversbure, Vidnns,
-bf the other muropeun centers pf chy
‘zation, it would bave- been-accopted
instant, and without ‘Nesifatlon aa’ a
vous fide statement of factd, and com-
mented upon and discussed in the col-
umns of overy publication: dealing
with olectrioite or its. applications.
Coming from New York; however, and
having reference to Mr, Edigon,- over
the most plausible’ account: at once
puts us on our guard, and tho first
question which we address ourselves
usually fs: Of what dimensions’ will
the proverbial grain of xalt have to be
to render the text palatable and wor-
thy of sorious consideration t'! i
After thig there is the following cor:
tainty handeome etatoment; ‘It‘is by
uG meune our desira to accnas Mr,
Edicon of deliberate prevarication, nor
to intimate even that alt; hia state.
ments ate untrustworthy, *
- ‘American newspaper ronorts, how-
ever,’’ according to this article, ‘aro
of late years treated by all reputabio
; technical parera in this country as
well a6 on the continent, as non-exist-
ent. After thie sweeping couderana-
i tien of the * America: prose, from
| Which ‘only a tow technical papers”
aro oxpocted, it aceme to atrike the
writer in Feflden's Magazine that Dr,
Rornelly may not perbaps bo included
fn this category; end the admission te
wads; ''As far ag Dr. Kennelly's papor
ig concerned, of courage, the -Suropean
| prees has scarcely eny reagan to treat
the contents os epurioug,’’ The
i “tecarcely’* in this sentence, is in nice
+Keoping with tho deslre expressed
eurtler, not to intimate ‘even that alt
Hdieon's statoments ere untrasi-
worthy, '’ Apparently, however, it it
Air, Edison that cannot be trusted, for
it continues: ‘i
‘‘The mereot glauce at the contentr
{of Dr. Kennelly's puper) ebaws that,
‘ whetever may be said rogarding the
| facte, tha passages intended to explaix
i them nnd everything ofa theoretical
;nntpre in the text, plainly indicate
thet whatever Mr, Edison may have
sebloved was uchictar by the woll-
Known Edisonian method of makine
experiments atrnndom, Mr, Edilean,
us we all know, haga fine contemp:
' for scientific methods, and, above alt
for mathematics, He pridea himsc -
that he can ‘guoss better than math:
reaticians can calculate,’ and - consic
ets the ruic of thumb greatly saperic
io the rulo gf threes, His snventioz
rvpesr to him to be evolved from hi
ja brain, not by the acoident--br
e art of guessing, and to hia friend
iG xdmirers as almost divinely in-
d. ther ke nor they appear te
hatin his buphazard guers-
iter all, he in led—let us for
chutity’s sace assume ‘unconsoloualy’
—by the results obtained in congs-
quence of years of earnest study by
corefully disciplined thinkers"?
Thon at last comes the critlolam of
the invention itself. This criticlsm,ot |
courox, may be excsilentiy solid, it
niay convict Dr, Kennelly of milereg- ;
resentation, and Edison of ignorance :
or Woree, Equally, of course, it may ;
not, That is beside tho.point under!
consideretion, The introduction, :
which iz more than twice as long as}
, the eriticiam, shows the spirit in}
which the lntter hes tesn approached, :
and ie one more exaumole of the wer
iu Whieb the too insulerly ‘patriotic’ :
| sinong Englishmen nave been icft, :
“9
i
}
|
a
’ Fitst,Bestand Lacgest aa
INCORPORATED 1885. First, Best and Larges . :
No-———___ INCORPORATED 1885. \
is Porm { No, : \
"From the For. - ~ ;
| ers . Nestea -
NEW 0) K IT PARK PLACE
It D8ex ( a YE YORK CTY
Wie I
+ Beocg ,
ry
“P.0.Box
: "2747 0 tes
| | leet” ;
N.¥ '
AUG 32 190} ae NY Tribune - "
FOUND WRITER OF pt SOttm
tom,
F
i B
! Orange, Aug. 8 (8pecial).—Light hos at Jast’ been,
[thrown on tho mystery of tho threatening ‘letters
j Written to ‘ThomaasAupHalson, J, Warren, Smith
cfahlor of the Orange Natlona! Bank, and Victor
Biancht, a wino inerchant, of Orange, In which a
Jargo'sum of monoy wag demanded from ench, uni
der penalty of having thelr children kidnapped, |;
‘Tho real author of the lettora hna been discovered
and a confession, It in sald, ins heon obtained
from him, which wit! be Intd before the September
srand jury. The ono who wrote tho letters, it Is
sutd, Is John Kinney, an Itnilan and o former
realdent of Orange. He Was short of monoy, and
concetved the {dea of writing the lettors, bolloving
that he could yontize a large num, ae :
No arrost hak Yet been made, The man Kinney,
after making his confession, which ‘was made, It {
ts anid, ta one of tho Assistant District Attorneys |:
of New-York, who has heen working on the caso
avietly for some time, wan directed to write a Iot-
ter to ench of the persona wham ho had thrent-
|. ; ened, ae enowledetne hia get and apolo; lzing there.:
, + £0, but so tar he haa not dono so. That was two
1 Or threo weeks ago, }
—_ Kidnapping letters were all written in a]
Surveillance. 2°) 04."
ae ge eee oe wad
SAID ‘TO BE- AN‘ ITALIAN
Lived in Orange Formerly, but Wrote’
from Here and Has Made a.
es Confession. . path
After nearly: four months Of quiet Inyvestl- |.
gatlon the writer.of the threatening letters
+f, Yeeelved by “Tomas A,_ Edison wand: other
realdenits of the Ornkgealagl"May has been
Alacovered, + Fle. Is -under bollco survelliance
du this city. HMo-:hus not been taken into
Sustody, but arrangements have bee muido
that wilt Ansure -hbsarrest at any tlme it ts
belleved to be couaitry, The case is to bo
Jatt befure the September Grand Jury, and |:
pas soon as an Indletment Is found a warrant f+
WH be Issued: and: extradition pupers: ap, |
pliod for, : i 7
the threatening letters were.seat'to Mr,
Madison, J. Warren Smith, cashier of the
4 Grange Natlonal Bauk, and Victor: Blaricht,
Q wine merchant’ in’ Orange, ‘ahey, were,
‘| allke in belng printed with movable rubber
type, on pleces of ayraunplies paper, and tn}.
-f cach of them the demand was made for the
:] deposit of n large sum of money in a-cer=
tain: apeuiticd pince, under benalty of the:
Hidnappltig ofa child of the Person ‘to ‘whom
thotletter was addressed, From’ Mr.. Edison
00) ,was demanded, from Mr, Smith 316,000
and from Mr, Blancht $10,000, eats
“Bitico ‘tha. excitement subsided’ the attor--
noya of the men threatened have beon quict-
Jy ut work. Thoy have fount that-the writer
fa’an Italian who formerly lved dn Orange. |
Ha. hag, it t¢ anid, made n full confession |‘
. _—_
A cre printed with movable rubber types o,
small plecea of Wrapping paper such ta iy une) |
idm retail stares, ‘Tho demand wan made for sunii
of money ranging from $25,000, in the ense of Mr,
j#Zdlson, down to $10,000, in tha caso of Mr, Blanch
llving in the Milis Hotel in-Bleccker strect..; '
‘Captain Dantet “Leary, -of*the Oran;
Nee, wie ween by a Fintan reporter.
runetl to deny, or. aflirm: the :trutl;
lary $ He te od
lhe threatening letters” were Tecelved -
Ma ar Binncht nt once sent hits farms
i AWAY td? tho country ard: 1éfts, them, th
L several weels, “Whily they ‘wero-awuy ‘he x
j colved n ecand ietter, warning tim if 'trou
ble; becaune ho-had’ called In thosald of: the
oltce. : : cry Ns opt shen get
Pate, Eulfson engaged’ private tectiver;
watch hia home and guard, Hise ltdren:
-{helr. way to and -from Behool,
! Mr. Smith, whose.son! fs Aixteon yea
jam. sturdy, ws hot ealarmed; and: to
epcclal precautions. Seren ie)
None of the’ nsslatant: distil
‘would. dlaguas
“attorneys
tor art, Hager Reye
t
see Ee Bs Se
.|.He Had.-Heard \M
SC Besta
PARK PLACE. « §
Nev yORK ay
Pox : 0".
R teiaesel :
SEP 4 901
Cima - an a Le
GE EEE
pavannent oun 5
pet
GRATITUDE MOVED
~ AIM TO CONFESS
iv
Mr » Bianchi:
Charged with Writing: hreat- 4
ening Letters to Mr- Edison
| MANY,:FAVORS ‘FROM: HI
He gn ee ern cuts
| Police. Suspect ° Self-Agcused'
i} +: Complicity in: the’ Marion:’C!
‘Kidnapping Case in This City.
Pre heve : rem romeeerrdt iy
i Gane bse «
. Gratitnael tO winter tid intsbno: time. ywus
suspected oft writing ‘tlio-threatening: letters
1 tg 'Thomiay A. Ediso Varren Pa
Victor Blanchh“of-Orangs, 'N.' J. seems) to
have led to the confession of, the yeal‘auithor."
‘ Mr. Blanohf was under suspiclon ‘for a jongy
(ime, ‘and’ it wag belloved by ‘many ‘that: ho!
wrote a lotter to himself in order to divert
that susplefon.s © oo oe Ve
This bellet went»'so\ far that Mr.’ pisnenly
“waa openly charged with writing tlie'letters,
and John Iinnl, who has now'confeased that’
he wrote them, was'present and heard the
charge’ made.:! Mr.’ Bianchi ‘contented him;,
self with an absoluta‘denlal of the charge: )'
“4° MAD'DONE’ PAYONS TO KINNEY! iy 2.
“It $s now’ apparent: that; Kinnt fa; led ',to,
“make ‘the confession out-of! gratitude’ to
{ Bianchi, whom he well knew, and who had
tdono him many favora. ‘Jt'tias been uscer-
ttnined that the mun‘s real:namoe fs Giuseppe
> Franceschirai, not Kinnis Ho was'so worked
up by hearing hla: friend‘ accused that he
wrote the letter stuting that he knew the}
| real author of the kidnupping lotters, which
ted to his discovory." "+ : sy
fession to Mr. Edison, Mr. Smith ahd! Bf
Blanch, but if so tho letters have nev:
been received. ° ty pike
ae FRIRND OF ELLA JONER,
The Iatest dovclopment In the cnse fs that
Kinnl la under suspicion in the Marlon Clark
Isldnapping case in Now York avid is‘n friend
of Belin Jones, the nurse girl who abducted
the little Clark girl
The pollce refuse to discuss the cnso In any
way, becruse they are waiting for. the action
of the Septemper Grasid Jury of Essex
county. They assert that Kinnt cannot( be.
ipprehiended unth) he fs‘ under indictmont in
Essex county. It {s belleved, however, that
with the fucts now In thelr possession the ar-
rest of the man will soon be made rnd means
taken to hold hhn until tho-indigtment [gs
found ngalnst him, ‘ ae .
[PHOTOCOPY]
h 62
PARK PLACE.
NEWYORK (Ty <7
ee
Fron
Baltimoro, Md, - Sun
He Clenrs Un Orange, N. ey Threat-
Fe ening Letter Cane,
{Special Diapateh to the Hattlmore Suny
Onayan, N, 1, Sept, 1. ~ Gratttude to a
man who at one time wos suspected of
writing the threatening letters to Thomas
A. Kidleon, Warren Smtth and Victor “Bt.
anehl, af thin town, acoms to have led to
(he cont of the reat anthor, {
Mr was tinder ruspteton for a
, nae nt letter to ile rier to aires
that krspteton, - nself In order to divert
This beltee wou ro fur that Mr,
was openly charged with writing the tate
fers, and John Kinnl, who has now eon.
foxsod that he wrote thetn, wan present nat
(aan te ta minde. Mr, Bianeht con:
rite hiniselg. yw! rate dei
thee if with an elaborate denlat of
It now eeome that Kind ts Jed to :
the conféaston aut of geotitite to Itanehe :
well knew, and who had dane
favors. It lite been Axcertalned
a's real name Ir Gluseppe Fran.
t Knut, We was ao wrought,
Flog lis frtend aecused that he
Ietter stating that he knew the
tor of the letters, which led to hte
Btated that he mnie this anne
o Mr Edison, Mr, Sialth ani
bat Ifesd"the letters hayel
- First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885. ; ;
No
a
. ' (
From the :
a ae
i a §
PARK PLACE
Ne yoRK Cr
P.0.Box :
2747 - 0 -
[Mud ;
Fibs Y. MCRNEG | u -GR/
6 ae e
see owee,, 1 0 -
DESIRES-TO KILL EDISON.
Man. Arrested Simply Recnuse He
Winhes Inventor to Cure His
ee Drain rouble,
i The gentleman who manifested a mild
:|deslre to electrocute Thomas~Awniidigon,.
dn: Orange, N. J., was .sent to jail yes-
‘terday: for ninety days. Ho Js .Chartos
Keats, '- yee Tt
: His grievance against the inventor Is
thatiMr. Edison neglects to lay his-cu-
rative* hands,on the Keats cranium, |
which there is .turmoll.unceasing: -.
From tho :
sores e
~ PARI PLACE ae
NEWYORK CITY
eae:
Newark, ALJ. News
coo t é
from:¢ etandaatey
e¥mLondontn ‘Sherta'to
Chauti mate,
audua Lake, oN.72
wy ‘ahort ‘times with aivot
ct dren, - thes'inveritor: wont
lary.“ond stants r
way TeeveratPhouirs to loole vovershe! per
ron Sgeerenpondence * that‘ had “aceumus)
ae ring? his -absenco’ andha’ dented
ehmpelt’ tov'all: callers. Mr, Edison* was:
, 04a route, ofé
I ehjoytng very good-hoalth; ©".
| enone Joacph | Lawrence, at, London
fpinwland, -and,‘Roger“Wailnee,: a pee:
dnent ‘lawyer 'of ‘London, ‘witt:
He. -Tadtwon" next -woel. 1: Mr."
pndMr., Watlnee fro sald to be
ai Engilah“ayndteate® that has‘ pur-:
firelen ny ha considering Hureliaslng: the,
cell Tights of fhe Edlaon patents ‘for’
crus ng 100.1 H.R, Dick, n-representas!
New ra ae aol, toll a ‘SUNDAY;
taterday: that Ms
‘Fehea. and Mr,,Wallae c
ie c. + nO - ¥
+ Apecial mission -to Mr, Ralson.\”
. Awrerce:
it to bo interented'
INCORPORATED 1885.
ON ats
NEWYORK CITY
7
m= NowarkNJ.- Whly.Call
SEP 2 1901,
+ on adeg
ay -AMHdlaon returned homo
aut a week go-fram his Summer out *
two weeks at Chautauqua, |
bas Gaetano
eks, He gained greatly inta nta,
and iH now he “Ht as w fiddle,’:to use his:
- thay Misses
Unger and ae Orange,
int Sauierel
i
2 Upto
tire spend.
ova.
daughter,
urope, a
cintp Gatos
,
f.tho Board
3 Bu
and then wen
own expression,
“Mr, ‘and, Mra,’
family, of High st: ce +
Dr, John’ L, Seward ahd:
jeward,haye’ gong sto
* expect ‘tg ¢bo abgent til swe
J Srestdont Jatin ,, Platt
‘and his familly aré ot
for a faw weelts.
Miss -
Wnoepplor, of West-Oran
rk Stephon M. Long, -o€ Haat!
Orange, has been dbsent all Jast week Rt~
o tending, the annual enrammimnent ef th
ae nan
ort.stay.”
fand
ee ee ee ee
fet
ean acai ee
____ [PHOTOCOPY]
i
"PARK PLACE
Ne ;
et 2747 J
Part 25
= Henney
Ny, @
"age wes
SEP a2 1901.
7 eden Fs
“paar Bie
NewyoRK a
I Bo
buch
EDISON BAGK AT wo ACK AT WoRK,
Inventor Returns from_ from his Six Weeks?
, Lake Chautaugua Trip,
Thomas n hag returued to his
home tn eae Park, XN. J, after six
weeks of eauuplog at Like Chautauqua, He
Js In excellent health, tin
ving completely
recovered from the fatigue Sacldcne, {0 the
Work on his tew storoge bate
whiattth
Bopde ran mi
ry.
oe . = a 4
4
i
‘acto:
oe f
the men}
jeall Binur
ee,
ijelehteen:
= th; when’ it:
Be: bee dt keeps aa nt ws
dday meal.
oe vhieit
angen. Len
Pat’ @: ofcloc
ee in.
ot notice.
a
wen
ayer mre ft D
18> healt!
iénse pane, matt
: £4 English: ca at
peenteia next: Week,*
picet w
7
f
a
* wood for.the-world than the great bene-
‘Bui in ae ome:
Cuielo Wy Times”
etic day‘ ori hie we
i elon, :
; EDISON::SAYS NO *:
Pan-American, visltors and others
who have read the recent prediction of
', Lord Keivin, the noted British scientist, '
7, to thé effect that before a great many,
years the cataract of Niagara would
.the-,complotoly harnessed: and . turned:
into turbine wheels, and so cease to ex-'
‘fat a8 @ spectacular attraction, may rest,
‘easy... A little bit of the enormous cur-:
_Tent, has ‘been penned. into a corner by.
y the spirit of:commerctalism, it is*true;:
, but that same spirit hag set a mit to.
~ the length to which science can go in
the matter, and has declared “It will,
not pay.” : i
wi Lord Kelvin, in his prediction, said:
I look forward to the time when the
whole water from Lake Erle will find
its way to the lower level of Lake On-.,
.tarlo through machinery, doing: more |
fit which Wwe now possess in the con-
templation of the splendid scenes which
we have presented before us.” 3
Lord Kelvin has done so much prac-
tical work in the flelds of electricity and
physics that he has come to be regarded
as an authority In such matters; ‘so,
When he made the above prediction,
there'were not a few who were: inclined
to volce his opinion. But it will be re-
membered that it 1s not long since a
gveater than he visited tho Pan-Arter!-
ie
can’ Expostiion-ondths-Falig--tn the:
person of Thomas A. Edison of Bfenlo
Park, N. ‘S.e.who deals not only with
‘Aelentific experiments,” but also with
-donimeréial facts. Thomas Edison, the
. American, the Yankee, bluntly/djsputes
the forecast of the famous Englishman
with the four concise words: “It will
“not pay.” wae : |
‘Edison declares: the transmission. of
electric power to long distances {gy not
profitable commercially, and that until
enough factories are built up around
the falls to use the power there devel-
oped,-there will be no excuse for, fur-
ther turbine: wheels, undershot, over-
shot, or. half‘shot; The great inventor
paserts that he,fee]s perfectly safe in
predicting that’ centurles will elapse
efore ‘this ‘great~Pan-Amerlcan slde-
how. will cease to be an attraction for
ridil-couples, suicides,.and the thoti-
nés‘of tourists from all parts of the
who make Niagara Falls ‘thelr
ach year. * Ps 4
auite probable that the’! final
a truction ‘of Niagara Falls’ wilt. be
. the same power
rol
which {
An
" 7 spon > ae wey
Conte 5 [. AT tH UA ah,
{
ro} wr. citings SMe eaee oo EE
Sudalo, i. Y.- News Gosinn. wowre Merald
» SEP 10.1901
[ (' > NIAGARA FALLS SAFE.
“When Thor ntafbeealaon alte the
Buffalo Exfosttion and Niagara, Falls a
short/time ago he was ‘impressed with
the growth of manufacturing enterprises
-around the Falls and the number of
uses to which the electrical power ab-
i tainéd from the mammoth plant at the
Falls is devoted, When asked If he
: thought the extent of territory supplied
with electric power from the Falls
‘ would: be materially increased, he sald
ifn & perfectly Edison way: “No money
Mamte ‘
ps During the session of the British At-
ation for the Advancement of Sci-
Penvein“roronty,-a fow years ago, that
F at, English scientist, Lord” Kelvin,
i: ‘visited Niagara Falls, and among ether
“things he'sald: "I look forward to the
‘time when the whole water. from ‘Lake
: Erle will find tts way to the lower level
of Lake Ontario through machinery, do-
ing‘more ‘good for the world than the
great benefit which we now possess in
the contemplation of the splendid scene
which' we have presented before us.",
The fear which Lord Kelvin expressed
has been voiced by many loca! residents
and.pthers during the past few years,
while witnessing the gigantic struggle’:
going on between the powers of nature
‘and human industry. The drawing oft
of the water above the falls by canals
and raceways to supply the force to turn
the hundreds of thousands of horse-
power of machinery prove to mony per-.
sons tht it will not be long before the
condition that Lord: Kelvin predicted
will be reached, . .
But Mr, Edison spoke correctly when
he hinted that already a, limit is belng
approached in the area that can be sup-.
plied ‘profitably by the power from Ni-
agora, The Niagara Falls power te be
used economically must be used near at.
home, and necessarily a.limit must be
renched very soon for the local uses of,
the power. 4 ‘
‘Phi natural imitation Is operating to
save the great falls, New methods will
have to be found for the transmission
and utilization of electrical power before
the fear will be reailzed that the water
running over. the great cataract willbe
. lessened to. the extent anticipated .b:
_ many persons, . -
.
ton has taised ‘the «
don 28 tothe possibility. of |
exhatisting tho falls of Ningara by arte)
Aelaijmeuns. : Iéappears that ‘the cele |
‘Lake tle will find‘its way to thetower:
level: of Lake Ontarlo-through machin-”
ery, "doing-moxe good’ for the world than
“power this ob faiidd®
exteng¢d . xery © far: bey
When eked. 28; 1
2 1
sd
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885,
No,
For.
From the
fore Ps
PARK PLACE...
Bi
NEWYORK (ITY
te
hey
‘oN. Y. Frerala,
+ SERB: 1901,
7 a | ;
X RAY ABPARATUS IS RUSHED
_ TO. THE PRESIDENT’S PHYSICIANS
ey,.in, Response’ to.a..Teléphone
Paki ngemm
retary to the Presi-
F : - Reh gerry > and .
Onanoz,.N. J., Saturday.—Prosident Meli.nley ts to knve the 2b . a
paratus which can be constructed. ‘It is expected that the’ buligt wali We toung ian a
_ ation where it can be extracted without injuring the chances of recovery of the eee
«dent, This afternoon, about four o'clock, a telephone message was’ recelved oy meals
: long dletence linea from Private Jecretary Cortelyou direct to Thomas A. Edlaon, iad
ing that an X-ray apparatus of the beat kind bo rushed to Buffalo with oll N08 aibio
speed, , ‘ possible
There was no machine on hand of. the best type, but soveral wer a
Workmen were ordered to finish one. Othics prepared a supply of the Croches tinny
ef all shapes and sizes. The manager of tht works estrnblished communication vith
Buperintendent Ketcham, of the Delaware, Lactuwanna and Western Rallroud and’ r
guested him to make up o spectal train for Buffalo, ee.
7 On ascertaining that the apparatus was not ready, Mr. Ketcham s 4 t
‘ regular express train leaving Hoboken at hall-past six last evening would Milan ae
os It would arrive in Buffalo by seven o'clock m the morning, tn ample time to iise't a
apparatus before the Presldent wos made realy for the operation, A iolestar = Hs
sent to Secretary Cortelyou, notifying him thatthe apparatus was going forward woe
would be in Huffalo at seven A. M., and that two of My, Edison's most experienced men
Messrs. Luhr and Dollfe, would go.on with jt. Mr. Cfimore, the manuger, also aie
munieated with Dr, Knoll, of the House of ftellef, Hudeon street, New York, whe Has
had much experience In the appilcation of X-rays, and agked him to go on with th: tN
ae and glvo the party the benefit of hisknowledge, ABS
he Doctur met the party at Hoboken. Aip,.Rdlsontelegraphed to 7
Edison exhibit at the Pan-American Exposition to rendcr a nDIe stele a we
matter, and to supply any parts which might be required. He also instructed him to get
‘one of the best machines there In readiness, working all night if necessary, no that thera
“would be at least two machines to use Jf one fulled to accomplish what was expected or H
‘ proved not specially adnpted to the particular case. The machine in the Edison work.
was completed, and sent off on the nine minrtes past five o'clock train from Ormenaiee
Hoboken, in time for the through express, which left at half-past six o'clock,
_ SEEN oes ae ET
yi t
; bady,
{Oo ee AR NIUS dee Hades doves EES
INCORPORATED 1885.
No..
For.
From the
fone Pes
PARK PLACE.
EWYORK CITY
N
[hey (8
toma
Pa oh steetag SMTTL
ee a ee
SeP__3-i90!
at
alt TO FIND = j
THE GROIN BULLET.|:
Secretary Cortelyou sent o dispatch at ]
4:80 o'clock yesterday afternoon to Thomas; *
A. Edison requesting him to send at ques
an Nh aching to Buffalo to be ured in ¢
locating the bullet fn President Sekkinler’
W. E, Gilmour, general manager of thei
Edlson Works at West Orange, took thé ¢
matter In charge. The most powerful mu-i
chine In the works was rushed In readiness,
all the men in the works familar with °
the apparatus were put to work, and at 6
o'clock last night the machine was for-
warded In a spectal vehicle to the Lacka- :
wanna Rallroad, : ‘
_ The 6:10 train for Hoboken was caught, |. 4
and the apparatus ws put aboard ‘tlio rege]!
ular- fast train for Buffalo, whieh Ieft Ho- ‘
poken at 6:30 o'clock. . “ty
Manager Gilmour could not accompany H
the machine, so he engaged the services}: i
over the wire of Spper Intendent Knoll off;
the Hudson Street Hospital ta New York.
[PHOTOCOPY]
: First, Best and Largest,
INCORPORATED 1885,
From the
ios
PARK Puce,
EW YORK: cry
bhurgene! :
aes
: if, Y, Presa,
SEP g 1gbi
me 2
————
RAY APPARAUS: SHIPPED.
vos ay
Ay Edison
Ereatz |
oes |
i fe
: lephioned Mr. Edl- |
Mr, Cortelyou. eph Ha
jonat his laboratory at Welt rare ates
ing him to send tha SAS HIG Tae: ‘
‘. Mr, Edison tnstructe: rr
H Nuwar EB. Glimore, to aitend t6 tlie res
{ quest . without delay, and Pe' seis
tn anager of the mainifacturing sepa ee
j of the Edison Works, with his ass Hed Has
went to work with a will and had t Hae a
Parntus ready for ehloriee ate -
o'clock train. It will pide a lo,
"clock to-morrow morning. hates ‘
7 air, “Edison telegraphed Mr, Sahat i
forming him that the Apparatus pear
shipped, and also that he had a rare
‘with Dr, Knoll, Perna RY eed
of Rellef, In Hudson 2 |
Fore, who Js ‘an expert jn the use oe
X-ray apparatus, to accompany it to
oe Knoll took the 6.30 drain at paneer
: Ww have change of the api t
1 geverst ‘of Mi, Edison's assistunts we:
Monge
i om sAMey AOL ALI ILATOEST,
1
INCORPORATED 1885,
jrONB Pays 3
, ( PARK Piace
(
New yORK (Iny
ae 0
le reea (
N Y.ribune
SEP giigop
RAY APPA RATUS SHIPPED,
rat
ft
a
he. :
EDISON HURRIES HIS BEST MACHINE,
i WITH A PANTY OF EXPERTS,
‘ Orshge, N. 5. Sept. 7 (Spectal).—The stricken
President isto have the ald of the. best and
most Improved X ray Opparatus which can be
conatructed ‘in’ the Ediyort “laboratory,
Cortelyou direct by" 'Thonins— fy
rushed te Buffalo With all possible speed:
Mr. Edison at once droceeded .to put all
Works, ordered Peter Weber, the superintendent
of the X ray departinent, to lose no time, Thero
Was no machine of the best type completed, but
several were ‘nearly 80, and a force of men
Were put at work with Hehtning speed to Anish
one, while others were at work Preparing an
‘ | ample supply of tubes of all shapes and aizes,
i
|
!
!
a
Mr. Gilmore established communication at
once with Superintendent Ketcham of the Del.
aware, Luckawanna and Western Raslroad, and
requested him to make Up a special train for
Thuffato. On facertaining that the apparatus
would not be ready for a while, Mr, Ketcham
Suggested that the reguliir express train leny.
| ing Hoboken rt 6:30 p.m. would fll atl needs,
as it would arrive: in Buffald by 7 a, m, in
ample time to use the, apparatus before the
President was made ready. for the.operution.
A telegram was sent to Seeretary Cortelyou
saying that the apparatus was Boing. forward
and would be in. Buttnle at 7 a, m. und that
two of Mr. Edison's most experienced men,
Messrs. Luhr and Dollie, would go with it, afr,
; Gilmore alzo communicated with Mr, Knoll, of
; the Hudson Street Hospital, New-York, who
| bas had much experience In the application of
!
+; ipparatus and give the party the benefit of his
| experience. He met the Party at Hoboken. Mr,
| Edison also telegraphed to Mark Graf, man-
| auger of the Edison exhibit nt the Buffalo Bx-
position, to render nl possible asalstance and
ey ket one of the hest machines there in Instant
rendlness, 80 that there Would be at least two
machines to use, if one failed to accomplish
‘| what was expected or proved not specially
| adapted ta the particular case,
eer eens, al
over® the. tong Aistance Itnes fram Secretary:
re
; tenuaaking:,
that an X ray apparatus of the best kind“be
jp resources of the Kédlson works {nto operation, ,
| wort i. Glimore, general manager of the :
First, Bestand Largest. |
INCORPORATED 1885,
No..
For.
From the
‘i " "sh
PARK PLACE
NEWYORK CTY
7 th Pr DBox é[0
Pies
toda ' . }
Albany, ALY, - Timee-Union,
~SEP 9g {90}
HE DESTINY OF NIAGARA.
hom A. Elisan visited the But-
lato exits on and Nisgara Fails :
:knort time ogo. He was inpene
“with the growth, of erie waatee
enterprisés around ‘the falls baa .
number of,{z3¢8\to which the electr bn
power obtained. from the eee *
plant at the fails is devoted. igen
he expressed the opinion engi mine
vanistactarina: oh circle anaeateat
it he thought the ex-
supplied with cleo-
the: falls would:. be
[PHOTOCOPY]
Kelvin, “visited ‘Ningara Falls,
1g the session of the British As-
.for., the - Advancement of
Tt
{e: Wien? thie great” Bngilsi ae entist,
level of. Lake Ontario through ma-!
.chinery, doing” More good for the
iworld than’ the ‘great beneflt which
we now Possess in the contemplation
of the splendid scene which we have
presented before us.”
~ Lord Kelvin-voleed a tar _shict
-}has come to many looking over the
. {| {mmense Water power developments
¢pof recent years at Niagara, For
there tg going on there a gigantic
Struggle’ between the powers of na-
ture’ and human Industry, Gradu-
ally the water which forms the most
magnificent natural Spectacle in the
World ts being divertea by canals and
races to supply the force to turn:
hundreds of thousands of ° horse |
power of machinery. I¢ the rate of;
industrial development of the last five i
not be long before the condition that |
Lord = Kelvin Predicted -Wi be?
But, as Mr, Edison: points out, al-
ready a Nmit tg being approached in}
the area that can be supplied profit.
ably by power ‘from Niagara, In |
Competition with bower produced
from coal, electricity from Waterfalls
has only a restricted distance over
which it can’ be delivered success-
fully. The Niagara Falls power to
“be used economically :nust be used
near at home, And necessarily a
limit must be reached in time for the
local uses of power, , _
This is the natural Mraitation oper-
ating to save the great falls, Untit
ew methods have been found for the
transmission and utilization of elec-
‘trie rower, there need be Uttle fear
that Niagara wilt run ary.
Newark, N.J.« Sows.
SEP 13 33
EDISON DIRECTED
mh, 2
TO SHOW CAUSE
West Orange Resident Objects (laren
© tor’s Method of Making Cement =>
5 and Seeks Injunction... .°-
' ‘Vieo-Chancellor Stevens, o% application
‘of Ngthan C. Horton, counsel for John
Bradley, of Weat Orange, yesterday grant-
‘ed ncritle ‘to show cause why an Injinc-
tlonf should not bo issued to restrain
‘Thofnas ‘A. Edison and tho Edison’ Port-
Cemont Company from operating
Kalsomining plant,
diey complains that the factory Is a
nulsance. A hearing will be granted
Chancery Chambers Tuesday morn-
ing.
> ‘ChE plant tn question adjoins the Brad-
ley, Property, It was built a short tlme
| agopafter ‘Mr, Edison mudo the discovery
[eq h he claims will revolutionize bulld-
‘An immense steel cylinder 120 fect long
and 7 feat in diameter is used to crack
stone, -and when this is in operation Mr,
| Bradley says that his house and outbulld-
Uings are shaken dangerously. Another al-
leged unpleasant fenture Is the extrema
theat from. the furnaces, which, “tt: Id
claimed, injures shrubbery and trecs,
Papers have been served on Mr, Edison
and on Walter 8, Maltory, who is 2 mem-
ber. of the Edison Portland Cement Com-
pany, “*. + 2
A ruta was granted by Vice-Chancellor
-Bmory in this.case several weeks 0g0, but,
‘iin Mr. ‘Edlson was out of town, the papers
could not be served and‘a new rulo waa
necessary. i, se
BrooklyuN.Y. Standard-atow
SEP 14 ig0b
‘the disease With which tne puueue..
suffering, Mrs. Tow, 1d and her ‘daugh:
iter:had smal In a! virulent form,. it
veloped. Mrs, Clayton con-
the disease, and the damage sult
nef, the doctors is the outcome, on
‘tiomas: A. jon, the Inventor, a
x ‘Malloy. “his business manager, ag
Tepresentatives of ‘the’ Edfson Portland
«Cement. Company, ' were served’ with | no=
fliseusyeutorday. Instructing “them :to‘a
peat. before Vice-Chancellor “Ste ain
Newark inext ‘Tuesday morning: toi show,
enuse:tyhy an injunction should not. tess,
reatraining the company from: operating
ita. bigsplant on: Lakeside ‘avanue?: West,
OrangeaThe complainant ‘in‘tisreay
John;Bradley, who resides in clos&yro:
imity:to., the “works In, questlo
claims .that™ a‘ cylinder; connecte
the Edison ‘plant.can ‘be proved.
ance, and also that the heat coming. from
the place-,makes‘ livinga; difficulty,’ for
the members,of the Bradicy househ:
Go}
Chana lel
seen th Woes 2
| First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORAT!
No.
For.
ED 1885
From the
PARK PLACE.
Ayeketss
NEWYORK (TY
Luce
: ih "283" 40
F,
eos Td Chisag Ameria,
y_ SEP 15 1901
EDISON’S THE LAST —*
.-- PICTURES TAKEN
Kinetoscope Views in Yesterday's American Credited
- ‘to'Wrong Company—-Last Public Appear-
ance of Martyr President Shown.
To the Edison Manufacturiug Company
‘of Orauge, N. J., of which ‘Thoinas A: El.
json fs the head, Is due. the crest of taking
the pictures of President McKinley on the
day of the assassinatlon and which ap-
peared tn the Cbleago American yester-
day. dwipg to an error the ploto-
graphs baving such a historical value
were exposed os the work of the Nel-
meyer’s Anlinutiscope Company, while they
Iu fact were taken by an apparatus jovent-
ed by Mr, Edisou and, for thé company
bearlbg bis uae.
On the last day that William McKinley !————————
appeared among -iiis. countrymen at the
Buffalo expositiod the Edison Mauufactur-
Ing Company, prepored to take elnborate
pletures by the kinetoscope during hin ad-
drasa. .Not-onty dld this compnuy secure
the ni successful photographs of Pres!-
dent McKinley during his fnmous address.
but a large number were secured of the
surging crowd In its frantic excitement
after the shooting of the President.
For all thne to come these photographed
scenes wil! have a yulue from # historical
standpolat. :
The pictures appearing jn the Chicago
American yesterday were taken under the:
gunerviaton of Jawes H, White of the-
Edlson Mannfacturing Company, and show
the martyred President In many .character-
{stle poses. They were probably secured
wome thirty ininutes hefore the fatal visit
to the Music Ifall war made, and are,
among the ldat pictures taken of the Presl-i
dent before he was stricken down. While:
many distlngulehed personages ure shown
in the group nlout the man marked for the:
butlet “of the assassin, yet the central;
firure stands out .clear ond strong. The
pletures taken by the wonderful ‘kineto-!
scope show the President turning from:
rleht to left $n addressing the great throng.
‘The moving pletures tnken by the clever;
Inventlon of Edison were procured by the}
Chleage American from the Kleine Optical!
Company. The latter firm, whose offices
I
1
o
are at 320 Butte street, are the western
agents of the Edison Manufacturing Com-
pany, and through error credit was given
to the Neimeyer’s Animatiseope Company
for the productions. .
EPISCOPAL CHURCH DEDICATED.
Hayton, Wls., Sept. 14.—St. Michael's |
and All Angels’ Episcopal Church was dedl-
ented here this week, Bishop Coadjutor
Weller of Fond du Lac officiated. The;
bullding, which was recently completed, Ix}
ef atone and Is one of the Aihest” Eptsco-|
pal churches In the state.
[PHOTOCOPY]
EDISON FINDS IRON ORE.
{Deposit Discovered In Jersey—Edison
+ > Plant tobe Removed. ,
\.. For saveral ‘months experts have
“been prospecting in Mt. Olivet towne
‘ship, in Morris county, with tho resw!
thac large deposits of iron ore have
been uncovered, Ono of these pros
pectors’ has given out that they repre:
gent Thomas A. Edison, who proposes |
to esta pe-vorcentration plant}
within sight of Schooley’s Mountain, a
fameds summer resort of half a or
tury ago. The plant, it is sald, wi)
bon duplicate of the big Edison works,
at Edigon, N. J., and part of the machin-
ery at that point may be removed. to
‘the Morris county site. Mr. Bdison’s
ore crushing experiment at Edison has}
‘never been very succegsful, for the rea-
son that the ore was too low grade.
“ittsburg, Pa, « Dispatch
ETQSON-EINDS IRON ORE °
Large Deposit. Discovered in Jersey:
=,, —Ealgon Plant ts to Ben
oF Removed.
be farectan reuzonant 10%
« HACKETTSTOWN, Nod. Oct
isevoral months experts havo been"
“pecting through Mt. Olivot townsht
Morris.county, with the result that
deposits. of fron ore have been .uncoy-
ered. One'ot teas Prospectora has given
out that thoy representsThomas A. E, i=
in ‘who proposes to establish a large!
Behiooloy's Mountale, at ye Of
‘resort’ of half a century agen” munmeh
id, witl be o duplte
cate ap iants ie Is sal
: o @ big Edison works a
NS, ‘and part of tho machinery attney
Bah mny be moved to the Morris coun-
: te,- Mr. Edison's: ore-crushing
Porlment at Edison'has‘nover been’y
Successful for the-renson that th °
waa too low “eraded: 00203 ot
oar
—For
proa-
Pp. in,
large
yr
i901 "Ore Mthang”
New Britain, Ct, - Herald
en
“THE STEEL TRADE. *:
‘The British, manufacturera, particu ,
jarly in the steel industry, have been,
studying American ‘prices ‘and “Amerl--
can.methods rather assiduously, recent-;
ly. It was the contemplation of the’
prices that American stecl could be
laid down in England for, with wages,
ener eyeren aes
herg‘hat caused the study of our meth-
“ods. It was not pleasant for the ‘Bri-
tish manufacturers, in the birthplace
of Bessemer and the steel industry, to
jndmit that something could be. learned
to6 this side of the Atlantic, but they.
‘had to do it, and we are now getting
*gome-of the results.) 9
Joseph Lawrence, & member of par-
\iament, has been in this country ‘in
“vestigating. He spoke Before ‘the New-
‘port chamber of commerce in, England
ophursday: and told this audience that.
Mr. Charles M.. Schwab assured him;
the SteolZrast could deliver steel: bil-;
Jete'in England for $16.50 _|ner™ 'ton,’
‘Wwhereag the lowest’price for. which-Bri
‘tleh Hehfactie-rg “could _ make ithe
0"
A
: eae :
“sin lowere “In addition :to. thibystate-
‘ment. Mf. Schwab called the atténtion |
(of; Mr. ‘Lawrence to‘the fact that: his
isteel workers ‘got double: the wages:
;pald to British workmen in the. same |
fine. ee es}
‘Mr. Lawrence found much fault. with’
the freight tates in;England compared.
‘with ‘those In this country and ‘stated’
that the rates must come down ff the
British' expected to meet the competi-
tion. . He also thought it would be nec-
eosary..to resort to cheaper ores. He
announced that as n result of several
‘years study of these problems and con-:
sultation. regarding them he and. Mr,’
‘Thomas Edison would shortly begin bu--
(sine forway, with the idéa of sup-"
wlying:to Great Britain. cheaper orés,
loRight ‘ontop of this we get the frank
; ‘ot Sin Christopher Farnesp,
x. /B,;: a ‘shipbuilder ‘and ship. owner,
rwho atrived inthis country on ‘Thurs-
3 ay. ‘He. is also'studying the “problem |
‘and outlined hig mission a8 follows to!
porter: 21:52 a oe
"s"I have come-to. America to visit the‘
“shipyards and steel plants: .of your”
scountry. It{s my purpose during. my
tstay of two-months to journey ‘os far’
twest! as-San Francisco, to’ learn how
{the American product of manufactured
Bteel ‘and ‘fron is made ready for 2 mar-"
ket. The manufacturers of Great Brit-
pain Kyow.that they-have thelr backs up:
posainst, the wall an them.’
Before: this\ several:
voy Y. Bam as
pe: 18 18"
PES: OnE IN NONWAY.
| Amertean’ Engineers WI Introduce tho
| Edison, System There. e
. . Urrea, Deo. 17.—Former State Engincor
; Campbell W. Adams of thiscity and Herachet
Roberts of Albany and a‘‘forco, ‘of asslst-
ants returned. from Norway on tho Kaiser
Wiihelm this weok. ‘The y havo beon-mak-,
ing .surveys: for “the ‘ Edison~ Ore“! Milling
syndicate, whioh has recently, acquired
from the Norwegian Government “great
ore beds inland-from Mo, a little settlement
on the Ronen Fjord in the North Sea.
There, js associated with Mr. Edigag, «
syndicate of English iron men, who intend
to use Mr.-Edison’s process for extractin,
fron from the tow grades of ore that aboun
in the northorn part of Norway. The de-
positg, scoured by tho syndicate are
ractically unlimited.
Tt is estimated that thero are 50,000,000
na,of oro.in-one deposit which, whon
ined, show 40 per cent, iron. Tho syndi-
te now has a large force of engineers
work and if thelr reports are favorable,
betyeon $2,090,000 and $3,000,000 will bo
expended in the mining properties, .
hho heaviest .deposit of ore is elghteen
miles from Mo, Messrs. Roberts and
Adams havo mado survoys of the harbor
facilities at Mo.und for a Ine for a standard
gauge railroad running to the mine.’ Tur-
rettini, the famous Swiss hydraulle on-
gincer, fs making plans for tho bullding
of. an electric plant midway between tho.
mine and tidewater, *
- There is a wator fail of 112 feet and at Ite
lowest..ebb, there is capacity for - from:
10,000 to 15,000 horsepower. Tho olectriclty
4s.to be used Jn Mr. Edison's process .of'
reducing the ore - This ig in the Dunder-
land Valicy. Tho rallroad and tho electric.
plant will be equipped with tho: product,
of American factorics., Raking
. Mesars. Roborts and Adams will spend,
tho winter in Albany tabulating.tholr data’
preparatory to submitting thom to tho syn;
dicate. ° Thoy will return to Norway in'tho
spring, by, which time it is expected ‘that the
work. will bo begun. 2)... is dab
-——
OU ANICHE ‘GOES ASHORE
: ON WAY. SOUTH.
i ass ‘the Evening Wi
peg. elt [a
lanlohe,: "lhe ° forty-five - fact. Barolo
vin’, whichy, Willam |b. * 4
a@00 Dauiled by Mrs, Willan
"sont. Mira | Francey. ‘Travers, git’.
‘Mmee" Dowd, salled trom his” port |:
Nov.'17, hoping to reach Florida, aa
vith Gieaster: in” the eal
Me ante reports from Beaufort, eco
evemft was driven a, :
eIstand In a gute, mone a
without Anjury,
nthe Ouananiche was in onli ort
5 ‘treoly Predicted that. sho Ele
ideredison's coun-
: he Caloosahatehie
8 Travers
iam | Le eat
Fea, Y. News.
DEC 17 1501
ta
" HE" LABO B LABORS ow
mas: A.'Edison Will. Not Follow}
aicinn’s Advice to Rest Whi
;Ho Has.,Work, iu Hand.
BS fy
fare problems ~tind=reguaes ike
for to,:rest while they are unsolved:
+ Bdlgon ysually reaches hie daboray ory.
‘Weat) Orange, -N. Ji; at 8 o'clock’ Inthe
merning.-’ His hour: at: leavin: for home
depends. upon how ‘absorbed Foch bepomes,
in the'attempt-to fliid a solution forlag hit)
spew: Spa uzzie,. Sometimes It .ja mignlane: Ba
e- gorse home, and on a: num pf
Seenslongs he has beon - known to
hlthe © night, for the last few
1: re
vit eat
0.
ansim=<:
Pana, Worksiont a
NEC. OR.
Sie
i pacial | Dispatch. to the. Evening Jounal:
EWBennfort, 8. C., Dee. 2 the Edison
‘pity, bound for Th on's Wine
te home on the Caloosahatchee River, In
'aoffhern “Florida to take Christmas din-
‘perare marooned on Cedar ‘Island. *
a y are victlins of a gale that wreeked
ithe foity-five-foot Inunch Ouraniehe, In
igh the party left Baltlmore November |
a dd ‘arove the crew to seek refuge on
ithe: desolate. island, without time to even
of clothing.
sage 2 patty on board the Ouraniche con-
ITY
i ated dt of Witnin I Madison, Mra, William
'h, Edison, Misy | Fi en "Travers, Miss
‘Aimee Dowd and W. 1. Weeks. "All ot|
ithe party except Miss Dowd aie from New!
York. Miss Travers ls an Invalld,
-itewas freely predicted when ine -onia-|
Biche left ‘Baltimore that the frail erate}
Would never weather the long trip, but her
crew had the stoutest contidence in her
‘ability to ldst ‘gut: the iatanes and: jert
ort. with Mags and bunting fy ok ant 1
host’ of society ‘friends at the duc! to” bh
them yood-by,
pa
NUV DD guy?
ae -Epiieoput tin
£ : sex, County,. will
a Sunday. Chict: ust “Lore;
0, S8E an McBurney, of ‘Phil
ean
Aa id
ey Of:
‘ignde;< shave completed arvanvenents'
Fa. ‘trip from here*to-Mlorida cin flee
aliite. euneh
colors: of 't!
Club, ofw Meh the.Edisons are membera.
‘Tha. eeparts, Includes Mrs. Willinm ‘Dale;
going Ni Frances: Travers, MissAnnie-
Dowd nnd Walter HH. Weeks, allot: Ney:
Yorke: ~tiltimate ; -Uestination? fq
Edison's countr shame,’ on :the Cal
dutehle Aetrer.: in loridn
iwi hereon, Wednesday. and) ex:
‘pecta-to- reach. Florida -nbout Shetty ie
i -Tenying -Baltimore they: alll god vow
-Chesiped ke: Bay to.Fort ‘onroe, Thi
‘{lte. course. will-be: through’. the, Dina
‘ Swamp -eanal to Charleston, : where: th
2 oxpouitl lon: ae: be ‘take i Tiere
‘tra’
datence, oe he crutaet wil
reahale dud salong rivers: CELE
ds? Condition “guek as to
ive Anxtlety to Members
aa] of Ils, Family,
‘cathe ‘fact that ‘Thomas A. Edlaon, + at
Afty-four years of age, Is still: working.
nty hours a day and. cating only:
ty times a month Is worrying his!
+family and his intimates to a point:
wwhero they consider forcing the “Wize
ame to tako a rest. 2
i'He‘has promised every year for the
, inst ten ‘to take. vacation, but when
the golngsnway day arrives ho always
has some new idea that “must be ‘worked
Tout’: and his people have to go away
j wi yy hoye him.
now suffering severely . from
stomach trouble, but he ivill take neither
medicino nor rest, saying that he will,
3.Work the Sliness away,
On Sunday his phyaician made‘him go
bed, bit as soon as the doctor's:
vback was turned Mr, Edison was on ‘his:
x12 the laboratory.
[a hres engineers from Europe ara stay-
‘ing In Orange and working ,with him
1 ever, dy on some new storage battery
y
‘ dovize. ney, mit thelr hours to. from
8 A.M, to 8 P. M.,. but‘Atr.’ , Edison does
; not bolievetin: ‘any hour. law.’
nat extraordinary - work 4
im that<he .looka:.
ars old,
homes A. ‘Batson,
i ery. deatParinpa owl
sce to's Play fal: Leora:
‘i fe
moan Rood meee
ete night, , he laborator:
-——
faterson, NJ. - News
NOV. 27 Iyus
OWN OF EDISON, A Pore
: VibbAGE,.
‘wo Years Ago a thousnnd Per-
sons.Lived there, Now, Goly: Six,
° Famitlos, 8 i
"The whirr of factory whasts, the pres-
enue ve 4” population of a thourand,:
streets full of children, busy stores,
teaffio and wil that goes with a_fively
mvnufacturing place was life in Edlxon
two venrs ago. Now six families make
up the village. und soon only four will
be left. 9 '," :
It's all because the Edison works have
nat peek 2 orate since ee wand ie
miolinery is being moved to'Mr. LEdf,,
son's r-plants? | ‘a
Ju befors the plant shut down the
company completed abaut one hundred
cottazes. each ousting not lexa thin
$1,000. Less than «a dozen have ever
been oooupied,- and the nicely graded
and macadamizad streets of two years
ugo ure now covered with dry grass‘and
dead weeds. In its prima quite x num-
ber of Patersontuns found employment
thara,
\yewark, N.J. News
> NOV 24 soul
"VILLAGE OF EDISON.
| NEARLY DESERTED:
Special Correapondenceuf the SUNDAY NEWS.
. .. NEWTON, .Nov.23.
Up in tho Sparta Mountains, "In
ithe northern part of Sparta ‘Town-
‘ablp, is; situated the ¥illage «of
Edison, “which ’ Is now praetteally
dead, This Uttle humtet is located in the
very heart’o€ the mountains, hundreds of
fect above the level of the sea. p
The view presented.to tho stranger: is
dazzilng in its wild and rugged beauty.
On all sides rigo towering hills and moun-
tains, dotted with gubstuntial farmhouses,
In the verdant flelds cuttle can bo acen,.
white ever and anon, one catches thd all--
ver sheen of a beautifully clear sheet of.
water, between the hills or throu
brancher of the trees, shone
_ About ‘ten years ago, Thom dl efatll-
Ruipotected, in the village a crusher house
and separating plant, for the refining and
separating of the [ron ore, which is found -
in conalderabie quantities In these. moun-
ee, ane Placo grew rapidly. .Arou'
2 lant the company ere
stantial modern hrousea, sted nee‘ =
* year ago the works were ‘sta
The People moved away, looking for om
ployment ‘eleowhere.,: The plant haa. bi
‘closed sinco that time, and, If the mig:
-Hon continues, Edison will soon be kno
us .“the: deserted "
faethe: de village’ of Suss
Sot
AY. World, Jersey Edition
ee ae ae ee
IRON ORE IN NEW JERSEY. - £
cf tion
Edingueaiiay Erect: Concentrit .
Plant at-Mount Olive. }
: {Bpecial to The World.) te
‘HACKETTSTOWN, N. J. Oct, 19.—For
several months experts have been pros-'
pecting through Mt, Olivet Township, in
;, with the resilt ¢hat.
pores, cote ot Iron ore have geen "un |
covered, lg eee Tan 2 iat
. heao, prospectors has given
earth: they represent Thomas E. Edt:
Stock of: an “Edun: Conaern : 3
hos been flted with: the. Becretary-of
D "Ore WMibleng "
‘d
AT OW Timas..
“7 OC. B4'901'
COMPANY REDUCES, CAPITAL,’
\$85,000"Inatend of &100,00
ft to The. NewYork Times.
aN. Jy Oct, 2.—A cortifica
*
0;
TRENTO 7
of.the Sussex County Iron Company, which
reduces the capital stock. of the company;
from $100,000: to $5,000,--- The President: of,
ithe compuny ls Thomas A, Edison; and tha!
‘Secretary John-F, Bi
shares tasued, by ‘the. company, Mr.’ Baldor \
the 1,000,
yg, proposes to Cs sholds. 03U,- ».Othor.. prominent .membors:
On Ae the Maomcentration plant with- this company are Judge Alexander Bullott,|
in- sight ‘of: Schooley’s Moun! In a fae Pg 08 Grange and. W. 2. Gilmore and: W, |
mots summer resort of hall A "No rensoii la glven:in the cortificate: for!
0." Tho. plant. it fs sald, will reo ane
Bilcgg of Ue hg PaPen Naser a
anat Ne dy Maybe moved to tho Morris
‘County site, . i
. Edison's ore-crushing experiment
at Halen ‘has naver, been Very succes#-
too tow srade. © *\::
SIE aa
N.Y. Herald.
OC tah‘ 901
’ ““EQISON IRON COMPANY.
Reduces: Its Authorized. Capital from
~ £$100,0C0 to $5,C00—Leaves Iron: *
* .to Go Into Cement. .
Trenton, Nv J, Wednesday.—Tho Sussex,
‘County Iron, Company. haa: flied in the office ;
‘of ;the Becretury of State a resolution: re-
ducing the capltal stock of the company from!
$100,000 to only $5,000. The president of the,
-company is Phomns A. ddlson and tho sec-
retary John 1. ph, .Of the 1,000 shares
issued by tho comhpany Mr, Edison holds 9 0,
:Other prominent members of this company:
are Judge Alexander Elifott,.Jr., of Oranges:
W. E. Glimore and W. 8, Mallory. euete
»*No reason !s‘given for the reduction in the
.capital stock of the company, but it is
:doubtiesa in acord with the decrease In tho
working of tho Edison Iron plants, in Sussex.
‘county. to
. The Edfson syndicates have gone deeply.
into cement during the last two years, and;
it-is probably for:this reason that) much*
of the Iron working<hhs been allowed to:
decline. The grent-plant “at New igs!
in Warren county, will cost- about $5,000,000:
‘before a barre] of cement .wlll bo mado for’
selling, purposes, ': - 2 2 4, nt ae -
Hee. Mtawdltlfha,
SULT bagbo |
4.033 MAGNETIC S' TOR.—Robert McKnight,
whiladelphia, Pa., assignor to: Metallic- Condense Company,
a corpofation of. Delaware. . The combination with an up-
wardly-traveling belt having a straight inclined aurface of
considerable extent, of a series of magnets situated behind
said inglined portion of said belt and traveling upward
swith the same, and means for fecding the material to be
eeply. into ‘coment durt
ears, and it {s.for thig reason ‘that,
of the iron working has been, stopped.
the reduction, -It ls thought to bedue.to a
decreaye in the work done att
Bussex County: - The Edison syndicate tind;
gt Edison a pinnt where the Iron is aepa-
rated from.the rock by: means of electric! tye]
‘ but the procesa: las. pean found. to: besune
{ul,- for the reason that the-ore wos profitabies ‘The Edison syndicate, ha:
: y
he ‘plant: in 4
ing ‘the ‘lag!
” EDISO}
Deposit -Discovered’ in Jersey—Edison
Plant to be Removed. -
For several months experts have
been prospecting in Mt. Olivet town:
ship, in’ Morris county, with the result
sthac large deposits of fron: ore have
been uncovered. One of these pros-
pectors has given out that they repre-
sent Thomas A, Edison, who proposes :
to estabii @ Con ration plant
within sight of Schoolcy's Mountain, a
famous summer resort of half u cen-
tury ago. The plant, it is sald, will
bo a duplicate of the big Edison works
at Edison, N. J., and part of the machin-
ery at that point may, be removed to
the Morrls county site. Mr, Edison’s.
ore: crushing experiment at Edison has
‘never been very succedsful, for the rea:
son that the ore was too low grade,
Dover,N.S. .- Wk. Index
races
7 who is prospecting on Setiooloy's.
,Mountain ia authority for the statement’
‘that ‘Thomas+A.’Edison- is-interested in;
an ontor, arge coucon-
trating plant near tho Wolfe mino-in
Mount Olivo Township, -}Ho atates that
it la tho intention.to moye a good part of
the: machinory from: Edison~‘tol-Mount
‘Olive, whores large plant -is.so0n. to bo
jorected.. ae wean CNY
‘separated’ near the top of the inclined surface, and mech-°
anism for scparating said belt from said magnets after the
“helt haslattained the top of the incline. 7
——
see
«HONE 2191,
ERTIBICATE UF REDUCTION OF THE
capital stock of the Sussex County Iron
Company. Thelocatlon and principal office In
this State fe at Edison's Laboratory, In the
town of Weat Orange, county of Ewwex, The
name of the agout therein and jn charge thereof,
upon whom procesa against this, corporation
may be served, Is Jobn F, Randolph.
{ , RESOLUTION OF DIRECTORS,
‘The Board of Directors of the Sussox County
Iron Company, n corporation of New Jersey, on
this thirtieth day of September, A, D. 1901, do
horeby resolve nnd doclare that It
dollars ($5,000,00), by reducing the par value
_Lofench of the shares of anid stock from its pres-
ent par valuc, belng one hundred doilaca
8100.00) per share, to five (95.00) dollars per
share, tho prgnosed par value, and hereby call a
tueeting of the stockholders, tobe held at the
company’s ollice, la the town of Weat Grange, on
Monday, tho fourtoenth day of October, L001, nt
o'clock TP, M., to take action upon the nbove
resolution,
CERTIFICATE OF CHANGE,
The Snusex County tron Company, a corporne
tlon of New Jersey, doth hereby certity that it
hn reduced Sta capltal stock trom one hundred
{nousand dollars to tive thousand dollars and
hae reduced the par value of cach share of anid
xtock frum one hundred dollars to five dollarn
rélnre, auld reduction having beeu declared
by resolution of the Bourd of Directors of anid
corporation (above recited) to be advisable, and
having been duly and regularly auaeuted to by
the vote of two-thirds In interest of all the stock~
holders haying voting powers, nt h meeting duly
enlled by the Bonrd of Directors for that pur
pose; and tho written assont of sald stockholders
is hereto appended.
In witness whereof, anid corporation hav canned
this certificate to be signed by ita Prealdont and
Becrotary, and its corporate seal to hereto
atiixed the fourteonth day of October, A. D.1001.
LB. THOMAS A. EDISUN, President,
pene, J. F. RANDOLPH, Secretary,
Stare oF New Jersny, |
CouNTY OF
Yewark, W. J—hdvertiser. r
_ WY 19 i201
3
Par
gl reper epee
Pr FH ae EDISON Worcs,
; “A'flro brok, Y "
. Bélgon
cf bene)
onogr; xX room of the
@nge- about # orion nts ge
Orange fire d. cht. : The
ind the Orange sortment wan’ called
ine and trucie departmnens also ri
ax elp,
the onze gas promptiy extinguiahed oy
Essex, | 5%
Holt remembered that on thla fourteenth dny
of October, A. D. 1001, beforeine, the subscriber,
1 Mastor in Chancery, of Now Jersey, porsonally
appeared John Fs Randolph, Secretury of the
Sussex County Iron Company, the corporation
mentioned in and which executed the foregoing
certiticate, who, bolng by mo, duly sworn, on hit
oath, says ho is auch Secretary, and that the sonl
attixed to eaid certificate ta tho corporate seal of
sald corporation, the suse being wel} known to
him; that Thomas A, Edleson fs President of antl
corporation, aud signed auld certificate and
attized gnid sent thereto, and delivered auld cere
thicute by wuthority of tha Hoard of Directors
and with the oasont of at least two-thirda in
Interest of mil the stockholdere of wuld corporn-
tlon having voting powers ag und for hia volun-
tary act and deed, tod the voluntary act and
dead of anid coiporation, In presence of deponent.
who thereupos subscribed lie nome thereto a6
witness.
And he furthor asys that the nasent hereto op.
pended {a signed by at least two-thirds in Interest
of all of the stockholders ot auld corporation have
Ing voting powers In person, :
ALEXANDER ELLIOTT, Jt.
Muster In Chancery of Now Jorsoy,
STOCKHOLDERS. ASSENT TO CHANGE,
Wo, the subscribers, belng at lenet two-thirds
la intercat of all of the stockholders of the Sttse6ox
County Iron Compa: having voting powers,
having, at nm meeting regularly called for the
purpose, voted in favor of tho reduction of the
espital stock of thie company from one hundred
thousand dollars to five thousund dollars, and
the reduction of the par value of each aliure of
said stock from one hundred dollars to five dol-
lars per share, do now, pursuant to the statu!
hereby glvo our written uasent to said change.
Witness our hands this fourtcenth day of Ucto-
bor, A. D.1901,
‘a8 eligh
Bard
BTOCKIIOLDERS. ie NO. OF BHARKEA,
THOMAS A, EDISON, 050 ebares,
ALEXANDER ELLIOTT, Jr., 10
, xe W. 5, GILMORE, 40
dling or desiring to} w:s. MaLLOnY, 10
: ’ JF. WANDOLPIL, 10
s, will bring one Of | grave oF-New Jznsey,
: DRPARTMENT OF STATE,.
I, Georg Warts, Secretary of State of tho
State of New Jersey, do hereby cortliv that the
‘ER foregoing is ao .true copy of the Certificate of
Reduction of Capital Stock of the Sussex Jron
Company, and thocniorsemonta thereon, 83 the
ARKET STREET, same 's taken from and compared w.th the orlz-
; Feds Jasu cast ee ts auch Oo
ani ait | On file ercin.
STREET, i In festimony muereot i have hereunto got sm
and a. xed my offi: talseat, at Trenton,
NEWARK, N, J. | doth day otUctober,A, DSi
LB. GEORGE WURTS.
12-2-Bt Secretary of State,
Ye £
Prous ra Gh tiale.
Vir bewee Now 2./7Ol%~
——
i
‘in, [work consu! velgars .& ‘day,:
whtlejwhen n not busy: consuming but, fen
its: ustrites “a” pecullarity of* the, smoking’
abit Probably the eminent: inventor
not, ‘epnectoual of his ‘extra’ tert tadra nd:
amokes, them mechanleailly. There:is' no,
popular hablt so pecullar as amok!
o smoker closes his oyes' he 1s unable ‘to!
tell, “whether his cigar 1s lgnhted °
Yet fow smokera get uny satisfac
He « at an unllghted ‘elgar, beri y the
greatest. comfort find contentment | ou};
fin. ‘algood clgar in process of condur piton,,
pubtedly Mr. Edison has received:
iny valuable Ideas from: tobace d the)
tie; {smokes 20 ‘strong clgara <a
othorwise 10... He’ -has been unable ‘to
Pranithet he. Soueee of a taraliyot,
mokers, his grandfather, who lived. ta!
J
ine’ -astiolta apout
» and ‘has: placed thom' on‘ a: orien
Ssheivor' in ‘the Columbia. university.
“There are 121 books, two'a! ont
*equare anda:
i
Sz Mreaenes
(oy ea :
e “Edison, whe er
jin work, pein Fanaut tw enty ‘clara ; 2
a day; when ho {s less active: smantally,!
‘about ten. They: are ‘always strong
Vetgars., The invontor says that ‘this!
excessive smoking bas never, 80. far: asl
hie ‘can “Alacovor, done him any harms!
His, family has: been ane of amokers,|
his grandfather, who, lived to bo 108, i
{
ow
fe
Pittsburg,.Pa.- Dispatch .
“DEC 16 1901
‘Expert Opinion on Marconi,
- ‘The’ vlews of experts upon “Marcont’s,
“ feat.of signaling Reross tho Atlantic
moby. his Wireless system have deen.
; -AWaltéd with thnterest‘ag an authorita.:
ve announcément of tho value, of his,
; Success, Mr, Edison alone doubts the!
+ Teport. Stress ts" ‘upon the fact
that the farthest distance wiroleas sig:
¢ nals had’ provioualy been sent was-loss ,
“than 200 mites. ‘The advances to 1,700!
, miles seemed to be unlikely without ‘
« intervening distances boing satisfac-;
torily tested. But the great body ’of'
» expert opinion credits the .announce:
* Ment from St, Johns ond halla the sue- :
cess as tho initial movement tn ga de;
velopment which will ultimately ‘per-
fect a wireless telegraphic system of !
commercial Importance, ek
Professor Willis :L. Mooro of ‘the
Government, Weather Bureau, who has:
- had personal experience with the. De-
partment of Agriculture system, sees |
no reagon to doubt Mr. Marcont’s state:
“ment. The receipt of a pre-arranged !
signal,however, he says, does not mean
‘that tha problem of transnceante com-
‘ Muntication without wires hag been:
commercially solved. The - ‘altitude:
* which Marcon. secured by Idtes must’
be-secured by some more permanent,
Plan and the messages sent shorter
distances have not always been ‘per-
-fect.. Yet with due recognition of the
fact that Marcon! has not clatmed’ to
be, and jt was not expected. that -ho
should be,-able to transmit mdasages:
at ‘once .the achievement recorded
marks a great step towards tt. Prog.
reas ‘80 far has necessartly. been. slow
“andithe: Perfection ‘ot ‘the! system can:
not be expected: to Proceed: much
rapidly than has ‘the advanc thus f
D
Yo t
‘Passaio, N.J. - News
~ DEC 46°1901
Fete ere
get along withokt them wen covuss,
“MAR @ORL, LRIUMPU.- ‘
°, Wo are lag SUNSET agS.” Une
“Yess one hopes have ‘becu unduly ratsed;
it would scem that men like Santos-Du-
mont and Marconi are about to open the
‘way to the-conauest of’ the upper air, a
coxquest almost as complete and muuch
more startling than the enthralling of the
surface of the earth... .
The young Brazilian has succeeded in
operating an «ir ship with considerable
success, ‘and now it transpires that Sig- -
nor Marconi has achieved the triumph of
hig life—-bas succeeded in flashing a mes+
‘snge neross the brond Atlantic without
wires, Tq tells us he is confident that
business messages will soon be ,trans-
taltted between his stations in Cornwall,
Ergland. and Newfoundland.
* Mr, saap thinks the story is a hoax
concocted by newspaper men..- Wo hope
this is not the case. But the report from
Belgium that a Frenchman has invented
an spectograph, which enables a person
using ‘s telephone tc. sea his interlocutor
and the, latter’s surroundings, ‘sounds
‘fishy, to say the least. |: 4
fe, ‘which ‘Is. dieat North’ sydie
reday Morning ‘it “seven. o'clock. 5 M: ‘s
arcont, accompunied by his assistants Mei
=(Atemp, wilk not elay at Cape Bretona: flrat;
a7/ Intended... but: wiil.take the first train’ from:
between’ ‘the ¢
twee
7 wove Py
atten bal
econ ika atihis:
p Basgues;vy
“yout ay happy,
N:
alloons, kites, ‘battorles other apparay
OU ty eg = RB A
»Ingpector White,.of, the Ughthauge depart-
ment wil taka:
Finance Minlater. Flotding:
x le
ig appreclation of th.
Nett myimeteg ghee eet)
f iquestlonvot ene
Ireleus'xtations IneBagtern; Carts
aneueeer
.:Mr,iMarcont does. not expect to. tem
‘3
{PNorth Sydnoy: for Ottawi. Ho ‘tales no!
Bpnaratin with him, except one smo i
Pavia uetrument, qipother nesista if
1 Will proceed’ to.. Rngland?:an?
ighmnoe Sarainn, due to-ni a t
ret
it,- taki e
irgacce other-eftne Bee E NEY
infin
pian Helon than.
ato? Neweusnerand ai aSatenmer. | for;
Inglandsta'
I
43}
GiMareni ts
tule
nals 8; willithens
i
f
assist sins negotintine (withdthes
"Compa no os ne ne
‘4 chityin,
moved?
ex par:
Ly
he™
~ MARCONDS suCcCESss Te Pd
There are some who doubt that Mar.
cont has succeeded in recelving a
wireless telegram ‘fron’ England. . One
of the’ doubters is Thomas A, Edisqn,
who has perhaps made’
discoveries in electricity than ‘any. oth:
or man. Mr. Edison docs not belleve
‘that ‘the sending of a wireless’ mes-
80g6'aeross the ocean ts an tmposé!-
bility. He simply belteves that. Mar.
(cont has not yet solved tho problem of
‘sending a wireless messoge such a
long distance. . es eS)
In an Interview in regard to the matt
ter he says: “I do not betleve Mareont
has ‘snoceeded yet. If it’ sero’ try
that Hé hns-aecomplishéd-his: obsect f
belleve that he. would «nnounce the
fact over his own signatire.” "Mr,
Edison does not wish it to be understood
that he thinks that Marconi fs. :try-
ing'to deceive the public, Tho, latter
has’ nothing: to gain by a deception of,
‘that: sort.” Mr.. Edison has: faith. Ins
chim: and. thinks that he 19: working:
‘along ‘the right.lIne. It 1s his opinion, '
‘Nowever, that Marcont has-been mis-.
!éd,."and that he is not yet thoroughty:
‘Sutiafied himself. that he has been suc-
yeessful, é :
, Tesla, another great authority. on
electricity, fn speaking of the Marcont
‘anniouncement, “says! “I never’ doubt
‘statemtents of my co-workers, I prefer’
to . walt until I open communication
"myself." .The inference from. this ig
‘thdt ‘Tesla belleves that the problem
of sending Wireless messaged a ‘long
Jdisiance—oven across _ the ocean—-will
eventually bo solved, but that he ts:
An doubt o8 to whether Marconi has.
‘nucceeded in solving it, ata
‘Ie ts'evident that the public belleves
‘that. Marcont has succeeded ‘in -recely-
“ing u:wireless message ‘from. England.:
i‘There have heen ‘so’ many astonishing,
i erles. during. the last .ten. years!
‘tl t ig prepared to ‘belleve almost
‘anything that approaches the -marvel--
ous jin the field of, electricity, pWhel 4,
'Marcont first made known his. theory.
irespecting wireless tolegraphy. ft was;
retty: ‘generally accepted, ‘It did- not!
pear so remarkable as sending’ mes=!
‘sages by ‘wire when Morse announced
‘his: discovery, and it did not scom to
i 9‘wonderful as ‘seeing through:
dopaqua objects by means of the X-ray,
"mthis is san .oge:.of. wonders and the
‘probabilities are..thattho:-nending fot
Areas mesaaieae:seroae; jie
Wo Pan Very; Commo
——
DISON, who cut the most and the dee peat
notches of any pioncer in the century 4
vention juat closed, begina the twentieth
i with newer marvels, He is not satisfied
with having invented the quadruplex tele:
oe graph, the carbon telephone-transmitter, the
phonograph, the kinetoscope, and the incandescent
ight aystem. ‘I'he science of priclical electricity, une
dreamed of at. th inning o
throws w food-of light at the beginning ‘of theftwert
tieth upon the things Wwe ‘have yet to learn abg
Edison is learnitig these things. . iB
The desire and deapuir of electricians, the. nra
storage battery, js the Intost goal Ut which he
reeted his wonderful genius.
One does not siced to be an electrician to begin tof;
the nineteenth eenturyy's
haa. dle,
c
L hope England will soon have a great supply of cheap
of. ins./iyon are, The briquettes are about the size of a tea
uit.
T see they have found an anchor-bolt in the’ con-
érgte of the Colosseum,” said Mr. Edison as he walked
along the covered ways into the farthest of the out-
‘dying dependencies of hia great catublishment. “It
“wos as clean as the day when it was first set in that
‘Italian cement, more than‘eighteen hundred yenrs ago.
?grent combination: that, steel and cement: it defles
ine and corrosion, ‘That is the tendency of modern
ding anerations, to bring the metal and the cement
to’as close’ retttions aa-poralble, to yrovide an alka-
10° environment to prevent acid corrosion, Yet. there
erejthe Romans setting us the example in the Arat
century, I expect to see Portland cetent sell at one
reatize what is incant by storing and carrying front, dollar ‘a burrel; then it will be easier jo utilize it yen-
have any knowledge—hattling it up in such shape and
form that it may he called upon at a moment's notlee
in the twinkling of nn eye, to work, Almost all of th
eetricnl motor, the twin brother in value: of th
orage battery, 5 iy
The Edison storage battery is the great clectrician’s
newest trinmph, Tf he can charm off the years, Wh
remould ships and remodel trains—the secret, ine
de@l, which nature has guarded closest—the develop
meQt of electricity direct from coal, Edison’s patient
wit of this crucial mystery of the Inboratory hi
finterfered with his invention of other mgchantgal
and‘pghemieal and electrical methods and processes; edel)
of which might make the fortune and satisfy the ambi
tion of an ordinary man, ‘That is, any ordinary man wh
would persevere, after six attempts, for example, anf:
finally auceced in devising a wonderfully aiinple prq*
cess for redueing those immense deposits of low-gra’
fron ores which exist waused in several parts of t!
workl If science has scerets yet within human read,
they mat be carefully guarded from the, quict, light
footed, bright-cyed gentleman out at Orange, who lova
two things dearly—to go flahing, and to “nik
around” in the Inboratory,, A slight retardation pf
hearing nearly always makes a oman a fine fleherrtid 5
and it docs seem sometimes as if nature made ft ap
to him in several ways, . 4
There was a erisp air blowing over the browof
Orange Mountain when L passed through the por v's
Jodge—in which the porter is a telegraph-opernte—
into the great rambling factory enclosure, of whic) the
libvary Dnilding of yellow pine, with ils tiers of alpves
of booky, is the chief ornament. Portraits of the geat
men of science, busts and replicas of fumous grow of
statuary, adorn its lofty interior, But the chief;
iment, Was the smooth shaven man in gray, na
1.own duiiiionaire—utterly without the airs. of the
To's
her
SS inwvonatres whom he amight: buy and ‘sell,dppen- |
até kod! grids, whose length and breadth were slightly less
Heart ¢ and nlert—who eame in cheerfullyan;
us, reiNtity: and modestly as if there x
song gl EGorenan in whom posterily W
~datergat.d, me tereg, : :
From the beginning it wid-cusy to geese his
heare was—in the lnboratory, with his atoreg! faftery.,
wlivoj day
Mr, Sidney IL Short, himself an eminent elyepicinan )
and inventor, whose visit Mr. Edison evident)s, 4lucd,
for its own sake as well as for the oldetimey phat it
called up—the times soon after. Edison ‘came jo New}
York as a poor Loy and invented’ the: printfg. tele-;
graph. Short was then a school-boy kn schin bout in’
Columbus, Ohio, x Pe ste :
“All the machinery in the new, cement-mil} which I
am building in Stewartsville, Now: Jersey,Sffjr miles
from Easton, will he operated electrically Wy mid Mri
Edison a8 the conversation touched upon tht fendency
ofthe times to supersede alt intermediag processes
und get direct netion. “The capacity%, the mill,
which has been built near a perp if ledge of
coment reek in the well-known cement jst found
almost exclusively in that part of: Penréyyjnia and
New Jersey, ix 10,000 barrels a day, 2Cheyd will not
he a belt in the anill, every machine being’ iin by its
own motor.” cas, Sra Bg ‘
+ .This, even to a non-expert, seemed. ate thing
fafler a few minutes’ conversation ‘will” théiian who
ulevised it. In response to questions, he (dd, with a
‘uinile that was good to see, of the bix attenpts he had
made to discover « successful method of rdueing the
low-grade iron ores of which a deposit way; discovered
some years ago not far from Orange. . OF the final con-
quest of the problem, which ‘is now, being{worked out
upon n deposit of 170,000,000 .tons nlong!
lands River in Norway, with. separators 4
works using Edison processes,’ there.
doubt. “Ihave made,” said “hdsd ttempls at
commercially mining, concentrating, riqueting «
13-per-cent. ivon rock in the highland ites Jersey.
1 came near succeeding once, When-tlid;digeovery of
the great Missabe deposits ent thd!price (i. two. 'I have
now many things automatic which I didinot:have be-
fore. I will try the New Jersey ‘4
- English syndicate live ‘taken my prajtss,:
erect in Norway, within the arctic irdle,S a, anill to
crush and separate 20,000 tons daily, The deposit is in
the valley of the Dunderlands River in Hi r
ure 80,000,000 tons available forja steng-dhovel in one
section alone; in all there are about 17400,000 tons of
it. Untike.the New Jersey rock, it contijne-40 per cent.
of iron instend~nf 15, one-third maggitic. (this will
make-it highly profitable), two-thirdsegpecular’ hena-
tite. These deposits so near Englind;g tut
utilized before were there any {proco
nomically concentrate the hematite?
cess [ have completed, and there. ig®
in tho Norway mill, The. orajs
variety and the purest;.brou;
freights from the mill sto furnags
We sat at the library table, for-n while” tn fii + little brick in its little case, andecce then fastened In
nd. ‘There *
in'ydy fijone doing the bidding of the datnttcst kid-
complete unit in operation, of which Ba:200° gloved hand, responsive to the guidance
wii emer, of a girl—the mind must be free from
nd, gestion of a need! of recharging batter-
ft & There's no sense in spending nll on¢'s time working
for money "we were in the laboratory by this tine.
pluce to place the most joxertal force of which mf erally in conneetion with structural fon,
"What Co like is mucking around in‘ here, and going
ard work of the world is already being done by th fat The intelligent young muckers in the holy
of holies looked up as we piased in, and then went on
mucking, This pet-word of Mr, Edison quite deserves.
Fall the privileges of conjugation.
“It’s true T haven't been to my place in Florida but
had grown up so fair and fine
“Tam going this winter!”
~ There was wv pean of joy in this announcement, in-
: dicated rather by the smile ‘that accompanied it, a
genuine fisherman's smile, thin by exaltation of tone,
Hol for blue water and palne-trees,
J. “Tim on the Gulf side, not far from Fort Myer. T
-fiah on the coral banks, where there are thirty species,
‘and all you have to do is to sit in the boat ‘and haul
them in. When I went out, two years ago, the old
fisherman told me to be sure not to citeh a ndyfiah, So
_T put a piece of mullet on nty hook and cast off into
the blue water. Pretty soon there came a flurry down
on the reef, a great sloshing around, and a pulling this
way and a hauling that; with a run into deep water
and n tack up under the boat and the greatest time you
‘ever saw, ‘Thinks I, this is nothing Jess than a tarpon;
and from the fuss he's making, i must be a giant
;tarpon. At Inst I got my prize up to the side of the
jbont, after at least a half-hour’s cautious humoring
Jand crafty steering, and it was only a Jadyfish, and
‘not a big one at that.”
» The standard cell, the storage-battery unit, which T
wak now allowed to see, looked like a handsome little
‘document-case, of shiny steel, neatly capped over with
‘polished porcelain. There was no grime, no smudge,
sno suggestion of chemicnls and currents; 0 battery, of
‘ these cells would adorn a lady’s bondoir. Eleven inches
‘in height, five and a half in width, and two in thickness,
; you conld lift in one hand the cell all ready for charg:
ng. Inside it were a dozen or so thin stecl frames, ar
hardly knew it—but
nihy live to enjoy at his hands the priceless gift oa) oneg since T bought it fourteen yours ng, and then it
+ than those of the cell-case. A number OY fitite b.ten.,
Kea of che ogrusann ian
-Of Jight brown, notruntike cal rg
Blas! at bens, NOLS intency—eich | brick
} anne Bare Paes Verbs
one-sixteenth of an Inch thiek; HQue'e rs a :
que -@ of an inch—are pat 10ur inches, by three
, ¢
by hydrautic pressure, It ia fro sho, ettes
and between them that the oxygen is released Ul tetvel
tack and forth through a. solution of caustic potash,
under the influence of the clectric current, and give the
cell its potential energy. J*irst, however, the briquettes
in their eases nre fastencd into the grids, which arc
set into the cell-case, which is fed with alkaline
water, ‘There you have the whole thing, ready for the
current to be turned on.
“One of iny men is testing a cell for n shock,” said
Edison-“ for the kind of shock that a battery gets
in an automobile, over country roads, up hill and down
dale, only there would never be such 1 succession of
jolts as my cell is getting right here in the Inboratory.”
Sure enough there was one of the cells, all ready for
netion, fastened to the loose end of a four-foot board,
to which n small electric moter was geared. Every
minute or so,-the motor would hoist that end of the
board three feet up in the air and fet it fall back
to the horizontal with a jar aud asbang whieh would
put almost every well-regulated machine’ out of busi-
ness,” one would think, But it didn’t pheese this cell!
I asked Mr, Edison to give me, a sitecinet statement.
‘in his own language of just what the new Edison stor
age battery ia, He replied: : ‘ mone hs
“The sport of kinge, 1, éall it—this automobiling at
seventy miles an hour. Nothing on earth compares with
it. In ita newest development, electricity has once
- more come to the service of mankind, satisfying the
workd-craving for acceleration,
“With the new: storage battery, weighing perhaps
half as much as the batteries now in usc, the radius
within which electric vehicles may be safely and surely
used is nt once extended to fifty, seventy - five, and
even one hundred mites, without recharging, While
ison’s. Most Important
the range of the eleetric carringe is-thus tripled, its;
weight is hnived. The clement of wenr and tear is
practically climinated, since the new battery will lnat
ng long as the carringe in which it is nipunted,
“Such a road-wagon enn be operated”
with entire snfety and ease by x woman, -
The element of certainty is. all-impor-
tant; when one starts in the morning,
on. a journey of, say, twenty-five milea,
“there is a pleasant sense of security ‘in
the’ confidence of returning home agnin,
Tn order to drink in the delights of the
glorious country .through’ which the
mugicnl car conveys you, at.n-touch— 2.’
~all anxiety. There should be no aug: -
“woes. th froed
apa
ios, nor of & renson’
locomotive cngineer,bor ‘wv
“Touch and go-—jnd) returii;
The automobile, of Wit thing
the order of its goit}$7This
liattery accomplishespece?s)
“Tn conatrietion, §
ting no acid:and ni
only attention it neeff
providing a Nquid: (hgiyay- along ‘which oxygen may
travel between the HleRet/and the ‘iron;. Any’ coach-
man can care for FEE most: limited intelligence
can keep the ‘cell, aaygrk by replenishing itd water,”
supply. “*Fnstalledgyehrenleisyre= carriage, on roe"
wagon, or af truck, oltedswith atautinerged pmotot to
tho stern of a, row-boat;:the new cell transfornis’ the
wagon or hont into/an ‘automaton, It seems to tonel
the limit of that steaining after the antomntic whieh
characterizes all off-the mechanical processes: of the!
day. And it is simplicity itself, : :
_ “Standard trucks wre now building—electric drays,
in fuet—which will, revolutionize street trae when
equipped with the new. battery. Each of these auto-
matic trucks will hiu( three tons of freight and work
alt day, fram td in the mornbig until six in the
should not stand on
ve the new storage,
infplicity itself. Tt eon-
nidtter-in any form. The
kept full of water,
[oul
a
evening, going stend}ly, ;
“The perfecting of an antomatic poods-delivery would
itself bev triumphiof science. It involves only one of
the ses of the neweella. : .
“The great fnteynational rond race, from Paria .to
Vienna, for a thorlannd -miles aeross the Continent,
could be run In.anfautomobile equipped with: the new
batteries, with relays of cells waiting every ‘hundred
wiles to be wubstiinted for thoae by whose force the
racer has been whee on from hits last stop. Nor
would any atop need to-be:tonger than five minutes for
this purpose—threrquarters of an hour for the thou-
snd miles. [ :
“The weight of the new cell, Afty pounds per horae-
power hour, is the same after six months’ use as it
was at the beginning.
“Weighing initilly: 115 pounds per ‘horse « power
hour, the type pf battery now in use weighs
at the end of thyee months 400 pounds ‘per horse:
pewer hour, At ‘the end of six months it is used
Up—gone! che ‘ :
“The wear anditenr of the tires is now un serious
problem in automopiling. With the new cells the tires
fave two and a Mut times less weight to carry. In
a runabout, intenddd for tivo, ag at present constructed,
the aled battacy. itself weighs as much ag three
people, ; :
“The automobifa should soon be as cheap as a horse
and carriage. Ittwill be’ standardized. With a new
motor which fa within anybody’s reach, and rans with
a pint of crude petroleum per horsepower hour, nny
family that hna sjtabling or storing accommodations
for an automohitifenn recharge thie new cells; at, will...
B
A cell hs ‘beensharged j and di
B00 dtoven i efout
jorse HH feat M. . é
“What ifthe Ealnon cell? It inn steed cam mk
5 hy 2 inchaspholding a solution of potash, in whiel cs
immersed steel plates containing oxide of iron and oxide *
of nickel, “When *the- battery. is, charged, the oxlde: oft
fron is redhived aby metillic iron, the oxide of nickels
ne and is tis PATRed, to Agliers
ely ws diseharged,, the: oxygen
el-yous through the lighid® over
Sand so oxidizes the iron| back to,
its original stati£~ ‘That’ is to say, the oxygen burnsy,
the iron, but instead of getting heat, we get electricity!
ns nsithstitute, It isa apecies of internal combustiony;
in whieh the oxen ia storedt up in the nickel to burn’
the iron, There‘{s no other renetion, : .
“There is no organic matter to deteriorate, and de-
compose. Therejjiis no acid to corrode, The simple
metallic clements are iron and nickel and steel. te
“The oxide ofsiron {a obtained from the American:
Tin Mute Company, whore iron plates before tinning
are clennsed by dipping-into a bath of sulphuric acid.
The scales that thre dissolved by the neid form a sul-,
plate of iron, Which we calcine in the air, getting a
fine oxide of injnf asst: result, which fa afterwards
dreated (o make it active in the buttery. : 3
“ho iron and. nickel oxides, in the form of bri-;
quettes, 3 by ¥fof.an inch, are encased in perforited”
aleel frames, bychydratlic pressure, before they are |
fastened in the-ftee plates, which are then adjusted to >
their bearings and immersed in the potash solution in +
the cell. The hittery, of course, is a box containing 1:
nunber of thesé cells, with an. electro-motive force of
Laz valte. + tates con
“When electtlelty comes:to-us directly from conl—h
glorious discovery which hag been reserved, possibly, for,
ome generation! to come after‘this, which has scen tha
invention of thiineandescent lump, the telephone, thd"
phonograph, wnt" the’ etornge battery—it may be pos-
sible to run ofenn steamers, and’ trunk-line railway |
trains as well/ without ‘nny other power than elees |
tricity? 6) 4d e med . ny
Rorrow's Nore t Mhere have been so many rumone abut the Batson,
Storago Battery that the maniecrpt of thls nrticte hae been entunltted
to nud rovised by Hilisan, and may he regarded as mithorltatlhye, “Tn
returning tha mauvecript Killyon cndoreed its eee :
pores Unger '
often tan,’ |
oxide, When > th:
‘absorbed by th
to the metallic”
—_—-—
Y]
[PHOTOCOP
i
i
{
|
* library building of yellow ‘pine, with its tiers of alcoves °
—ttatuary,adorn_its_loftyintorior,—But-the-chief-orna
. - erect ‘in Norway,
: @variety and. the
4 DISON, who ‘cut’ the ‘inost “and the. Heepest,
» notches of ‘any ptoncer in the‘century-6f-in-
ne
dre ? ing: netcénth -ceriturys
" throws a flood ‘of Hght-at the begin o
tieth upon the things we have yet to, ef t
edison is learning these things. ° :
" The desire and despair of electricians, the practicable
storage battery, is the Intest goal at which he has di-
rected his wonderful ‘genius... >. are
One docs not need to be an electrician to begin to
realize what is meant by storing and carryin;
place to place the mont: powerful foreé of whicl
- have any Knowledge hottling it.up.in such shape and
form that-it-may be called upon at a moment's notice,
in the twinblin, of an eye, to rey) ang all-of the
hard work ‘of the world is alrendy being done by the
electrical motor, the twin brothef .in value-‘6f the
storage battery. PwNSAY . es
The Edison gtorage battery is ‘the great electrician’s
newest triumph. If he can charm off the years, we
may live to enjoy at his hands the priceless gift: which
will remould ships and remodel trains—the secret, in-
deed, which nature has guarded,‘closest—the develop-
ment of electricity direct from ¢onl, Edison's: patient
pureuit of this crucial mystery of the laboratory ,has
not interfered with his invention of other mechanical
and chemical and‘electrienl methods and processes, each
of which might make the fortune and satisfy the ambi-
tion of an ordinary man. That is, any ordinary man who
would persevere, after six attempts, for example, and
cess for reducing those immense deposits of low-grade
iron ores which exist unused in several parte of the
world If science has secrets yet within human reach,
they nust be carefully guarded from the quict, light-
footed, bright-eyed gentleman out at Orange, who loves
two things dearly—to go fishing, and to “ muck
around” in the Inboratory. A slight retardation of
hearing nearly always makes-a man a fine fisherman;
and it does seem sometimes na if nature made it up
to him in several ways,’ :
There was n crisp air blowing over the brow of
Orange Mountain when I paased through the porter’s”
lodge—in which the porter is a telegraph-operator—
into the great rambling factory enclosure, of which the
of books, is the chief ornament. Portraits of the great
pien of science, busts.and replicas of famous groups of
ment was the smooth -shaven man in gray, nature's
sown. millionaire—utterly without the airs of the other
:tnillionaives whom he might ‘buy and - sell, open:
hearted and alert—who came in cheerfully and talked
aa readily and modestly as if there Were alive to-day
some other man in whom posterity would be as muc
interested, oe ;
From the beginning it was easy to see where his
heart was—in the luboratory, with his storage battery,
We sat at the library table, for a while, talking, with
and inventor, whose visit Mr. Edison evidently valued,
for its own auke as well as for the old times that it
called up—the times soon after Edison- came to New
York as a poor-boy and invented the’ tintipg tele-
Columus, Ohio, ‘ .
“All the machinery in the new cement-mill which I
.-am, building in Stewartsville, New Jerscy,, four miles
from Easton, will te operated electrical ly,” said Mr,
Edison as the conversation totiched upon the tendency
of the’ times: to supersede all intermediate processes
und yet direct netion. “The capacity .of the mill,
which haa been built near a perpendicular ledge of
cement rock in the well-known ‘cement stratun found
ahnost exclusively in that part of Pennsylvania and-
New Joraey, ix 10,000 barrels a day. -There will not:
leva belt in the mill, every machine being run by its
own motor.” i ~ :
This, even to a non-ex;
‘ pert. seemed a little thing
after’n few minutes’ conversation with. the .man Wwho
Mevised it. I response’ to questions, he. told, with a
xinile that was good to sec, of. the six attempts he had
‘mide to discover 2° successful method“ of reducing the
low-grade iron ores of.which a deposit was discovered.
some yours ago not far fram Ora
questof the problem, which is now being worked out
Upon av deposit of 170,000,000 "tons ‘along the’ Dunder: *
lnndg River in. Norway. with separators and reduction
works using Edison processes, there seems to be ‘no
doubt. “I have made.” enid he, “six attempts at
commercially mining, concentrating, and briquéting a
18-per-cent. iron rock in the highlands of New Jersey.
1 cad near succeeding, once, when the discover of
the great Missnbe deposits cut the price in two. I have
how many things automatic which I-did not have be-
-fore, I will try the New Jersey rock again. An
Engliah -nyndicate. have: taken my process, and will
. Within the arctic circle, a mill to
ush and separate 20,000 tons daily, _The'deposit is in
the valley of the Dunderlands River in Helgeland. There
ure-80,000,Q00 tons available for a steam-shovel in one
section alone; in all there-are about 170,000,000 tons of
of iron inafead of 13, one-third magnetic ’ (this will
take it Mighly-profitable).. two-thirds specular hema-
tite. These deposita so neat England would have been
utilized, before were there “any t
. Romically concentrate the hematite portion. Thie pro-
cea I have completed, and there is now in London one
- complete unit in-operation, of which there ‘will be 200:
in the Norway mij. The ore_will. be_of 3
rest- brought ' to—ayj
its from the mill: to furngee bein
fete
Bape :
howe «
“finally succeed in devising a wonderfully simple pro- |
nye. Of the final con- .
rocess. known to eco- 7)
J hope.
-Gvon ore, - Tlie briquettes are about the 8!
cret
a,
. into as close rel } E a
“lini environnient ‘to prevent acid forrosion, - Yet there
were the: Romans setting us the/example in the iret
éentury,.”. I- expect, to .se@ Pprtlayid: cement sell at ‘one
¢ of the Colosseum,”
Harper's Weekly
fae x weal ai bose wave a reat eupply of cheap ica, nor of reason for calling’ in an elect
: - , twentieth. biscuit. re ., ;
Marta oa tite bs ee en ‘patinfled . “T see ‘fhey-have found an anchor-bolt in the con
with having invented -the quadruplex tele: P
t
dollar ‘a barrel; then ‘it wil
erally in’conriection with, structral iron,
pir Aaa pao in spending all one’s time working characterizes all of the mechanical Process. thy.
for money ”—we were. in the Inboratory by this time.
“What. I like is mucking’ around in here, and going y bu
fishing!” “The intelligent young muckers in the holy in. fact—which will revolutionize atreet (rit. When
of holies tooked up as we passed in, and then went on
mucking. This pet word of Mr. Edison quite deserves
-privileges of conjugation. - = ¢
al ee aie Se my place in Florida but evening, going steadily, F
once, since.I bought it fourteen years ago, and then it “ The perfecting of an automatic good edelivers sont
had grown up so fair and fine
Iam going this winfert”” ° i e ! f
There was a pran of joy in this announcement, in- The great international rond race, from Macis In
dicated rather by the smile that accompanied it, a Vienna, for a thousand milos eros the Continent,
genuine fisherman's smile, than by exaltation of tone. could be run in an autamobile equipped with
Ho! for blue water and palm-trees. !
“Ym on the Gulf side, not far from Fort Myer. I miles to be substituted for those by whose fites tle
fish on the coral banks, where there are thirty species, racer has been whirled on from his Inst stop. New
‘and all you have to do‘is to sit in the boat and haul would any atop need to be longer than five minies fur
‘them if} When I went ont, two years ago,.the old this purpose—three-quarters of an hour fur the thou
fisherman told me to be sure not to catch a ladyfish. So annd miler,
I put a piece of mullet on my hook and cast off into “The weight of the new cell, fifty Pounds por furs.
the blue water. - Pretty soon there came a flurry down ;
on the reef, a grent sloshing around, and a@ pulling thix waa at the beginning.
way and @ hauling that; with a run into deep water c
and a tack up under the boat and the greatest time you hour,” the
ever saw, * Thinks I, this is nothing less-than a tarpon;
and from ‘the fuss he's maki
tarpon. At Inst I got my prize up to the side of the
bont, after at least a half-hour's cautious humoring ’ ;
.ang crafty steering, and it was only a ladyfixh, and problem in automobiling, With the new cells the tite.
i}
not a big one at that.”
grids, whose length and bre
than those of the cell-case.
of light brown, not unlike cakes of chewing-gum_ in
size.and slightly harder in consistency—each brick
one-sixteenth of an inch thick. hy four inches, by three-
warters of an inch—are put into steel cases, cach of nickel. When the battery is charge
little brick in its little case, and ave then fastened in ;
Mr. Sidney H. Short. himself ‘an eminent. clegtrician .-by hydraulic pressure. It is from these briquettes absorbs the freed oxygen, and is this raised tea his
and: between. them that the oxygen is released to travel
back and forth througti a solution of caustic potash,
under the influence of’the electric current, and give the to the metallic iron, and xe oxidi
cell its-potential enargy. Firat, however, the briquettes
xraph. , Short was then a school-boy kné ig about in--tr-t
minute or g0,;
seventy miles nh hour. Nothing on earth compares with s 3 .
“it. In its newest development, electricity his once “When clectricity comes’ to ua directly from coal
More comesto, the servjce of M
world-craving for acceleration. a ite
h rage. battery, weighing ‘perhaps :
half ns much as the batterica now in use, the radiue phonggraph, and the stor: ttery—it‘niy le pe
e hicles may be safely and surely ‘sible to run ocean steamgre, and trunk-line tauwity
“used.ig at once extended
even’ one hundred - miles,
“Wit! the new ato:
within which electric ve
?
document-cense, of shiny
The standard cell, the storage-battery unit. which Ta runabout intended for two, an at present constiueted,
was now allowed to ace, looked like a handsome little the electric battery itself weighs an much as thie
ateel, neatly. capped-over with people. —« .
polished” porcelain, There was no grime, no ange, "The automobile should soon be as cheap a
no suggestion of chemicals and currents; a battery of and carriage, It will be stdndardized, With a new
~—these-cells-would adorn a lady's bottoir.- tleven-inches—motor-which te withinamybody-x renchand tune with
in height, five and a half in width: and two in thicknese,
you could lift in one hand the
ing. Inside it were a dozen or
adth were slightly less
A number of little bricks,
t
cares are fiatened into the grids, which are e iran, but instead of getting. heat, we
set into the cell-case, which is filled with alkaline
water, Thére-you have the whole
current‘to be turned on, a
“One of my ‘men is testing a cell for a shock, anid» There is no organic matter to deteriorate and de:
Edison—" for the kind of shock that a battery gets compose. There in no acid to corrode, ‘The simple
in ari automobile, over country roads, up hill and down * metallie clementa.are jron and nickel and steel.
dale, only there would never be such a succession of, “The oxide of iron is obtained fram the American
jolts as my cell is getting right here in the Inboratory.” Tin Mate Company, whose iran plates befure tinning
Sute enough there was one of the )
action, fastencd to the loose end of
te which a amall electric motor waa geared. Every phate of iron, which we caleine in the air.
the motor would hoist that end of the fine oxide of iron aa a result, which ia wftva wants
board three, feet up in the air and let it fail buck * treated to minke it active in the battery. =e
to the horizontal with-a jar and a bang which would * The*iron and nickel oxides, in the form of li:
put almost every well-regulated machine “ out of busi- .quettes; 3 by ¥ of an inch, are-encased in perterated
ness,” one would think. ‘But it didn't, pheese this cell!» “xtecl frames. liv hydraulic pressure, before tli y ate
I asked Mr. Edigon to give me a succinct statement ‘ateel
in his own language of just what the new Edison stor-
~ He replied
-weight is halved. The ele:
* practically eliminated,
Wagon
. With ‘ehtire‘safety and ease by
it. Unlike the New Jerscy rock; it contains 40 per cent, °. :
sini
cam
Mr, Edison as he walked ;
‘ays. into-the farthest of the out- battery accoinplishes,
iteen hundred years ago. only‘ ttention it needa ia to be kopt full af
ation..that, tenteen cement: it-defies providing a liquid Pathway along whieh fe
time*and-corrosion, .. That is the téndency of modern
Building ‘oped bring the miétal and the cement . 1
allel Eee at possible to provide an alka: .¢
it—thia automobiling at number of these colin, with an electromotive, free uf
mankind, satisfying the
to ‘fifty, ‘Reventy - five, and trains as well,: without —
I without recharging, While tricity.” Me
the range of the electric carriage is thus. tripled, ite :
nt.of wear and tear in
ze of a tea locomotive engineer, ora blacksmith, car
a “Touch and go—anddeaturn, should be
The autonobile,. of ‘all nA. should not
the order of its going. This I believe the t
establishment.. “ It * In construction, the cell is simplicity ita:
as, first -sét in that -taina no neid and no organic matter in eran
1 between the nickel ‘and the iron, Ay
can care for it, The most limited ir
"keep the cell at work by replenishin “ie
supply. . Installed in a pleasure - carry ,
wagon, or a truck, bolted with a sulimerged -
the stern of a row-bont. the new coll tratier.
er. to utilize it gen- wagon or boat into an automaton, It-seone
the limit of that straining after tho automat.
Moye
oot.
ar tn
> the
taney
Which
day. And it is simplicity itself.
“Standard trucks are now building—etertsj,
rays,”
trucks will haul three tons of freight and ak
sulpped with the new battery. Each of thi.
matic
-all day, from cight in the morning until six
-hardly knew it—but ‘itself be a triumph of science. It involves only ote af
oe . the uses of the now cella,
: " tbe aay
batteries, with relays of cells waiting every tindrad
powor hour, is the aame after six months’ use as it
* Weebly initially 115 pounds per hore Jover
Spe of battery now in use
at the end of three montha 400 pounds por
. it musty be n giant power hour. At the end of xix months Wis
up—gone! _.
“The wear and tear of the tires is now a serions
ave two and a half times Jess weight to earns. dn
t hurse
a pint of crude petroleum™per horsepower hour, ny
family that has stabling or storing accommundations
for un automobile con recharge the new colle at with
A cell has been charged and) discharged as often as
320 tines without showing defects, —~ DN foe Jip
“What is the Edison celly It ix a stect ease, Wt, hy
§ by 2 inches, holding a solution of jwetash, in whiel are
immersed steel plates containing oxide of iron aul wide
the ovide ot
He oat atic
cell all ready for charg-
¥o thin steel framer, or
iron ix reduced to metallic’ iron, the
oxide, When the battery is discharged,
absorbed by the nickel gous through tly a
bs the iron
its original state, That ix to s
Het elernieity
aga substitute, It isa species of internal coulustion,
thing, ready for the in which the oxygen ia stored up in the nickel to tani
the iron, There ix no ather reaction,
cells, all rendy for are cleansed by dipping into a bath of sulpharie acit.
a four-foot board. The senles that are dissolved by the acid form a sith:
ting a
fastened in, the steel platea, whieh are then adjust te
their hearings and immersed in the potash seat
; ‘the cell, The hattery, of course, is a box containi
1.37 volta. .
glorious discovery which has been reserved, possibls. ae
some generation to come'ufter this, whichshas Hs
invention of the incandéscent Ianip, the teleph Ne
other power ‘than
erron's Nore
|
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: ——————— i
GRAPHOPHONE cpMrayy SUED.
- emote S, .
Hartford, Conn; el / dvecdn. the'
Uultvd States Cirenit Court to-day on?
bi of complaint was filed by the Na-'
fional Phonograph Company, of Orange, .
ZN. dL, against theeAmerioun -Graphe
phone Company, ‘of Bridgeport,, this.
State. The complaint alleges Infringe-|
ment of wt. process of duplicating phono;
Braph Tecords,” A’ perpetual injunction;
enjoining the defendant from imakhig
Phonograph records, f& asked for. |. gpm
ae
vo.
Thomas A
orien nes the first ahd.
fsa certain ne “useful
Procésg “qupliony
fendant De pnt feks ‘tha
order’and tnjunctton of.
Ord c er ‘tos the:
orjan officer of the. cours for da
ary | 6,::190},
Ulowellyh ;Park,
le inventor
neton ae, enoliied | by;
directly - or indtre aking eee
din : ctl ‘phonoz
records; that Ae “king. ‘phono=!
ie des |
A is A
ae Pilicd. = Duaphophens
TALKING MACHINE RECORD
u:
i are (
IT OVER EDISON'S DUPLICATING.
RECORD PATENT, 3! |
BIN of Complaint Fited by the: Nae,
H v : tlondl Phonograph ‘Company =‘
i , Agalnat the American Graph- -
i ‘" ephone Company, ~
‘| 4! : Ay Aen
JAA {1 ,of:complaint has been filed:in
fithe. United States ciroutt court, by, the |
Natidntil’ Phonograph Company’ of/Or-
(anges N.'J., against -thio American
.Graphophone Company, a West ‘Vir.
}ginta corporation, with factory ‘at
Brldgeport, “The complaint avers ‘that
‘prior to’ February 6, 1901, ‘Thomas
. selixp Park, N, Ji, was
original, first and sole inventor of
certain new and useful improved
method of duplicating: phonograph rec-
ortis, and that this improvement was
‘patented by “Edison on February. 6,
1901. This patent granted to Mr..Edi-
fon for seventeen years the exclusive |
|'rlght to make and to sell the improved:
j.tedorda in the United States. Subse-|
fuently ‘the paterit was sold. by iMr
Edison’ to the National. Phonograph
Company. The last named corporation
claims in the sult now brought that the
American Graphophone | Compahy,
against the will of the complainant‘and
of :-Mr, Edison and In violation of its|
and his rights, unlawfully and Wrong: |
‘fully makes, uses und sells and ig’now|
to‘be made, used and sold, and is‘now
Making, using and selling, or causing to
be:made, used. and sold, phonograph |!
'records manufactured by the employ-|'
Ment of Mr, Edison’s improved process,
“+ Phe National Phonograph Company }-
:8ke that the American Graphophoue
Company be perpetually restrained
ifronf making records by the Wdison' pa-
stent process or from‘ selling them,' An;
injunction, pendente Ilte,-i8 also’ asked}
for and algo an accounting ‘by jthe
American Graphophohe Company. '~
“Phe biil of complaint ta signed: by
Willlam E, Gilmore, president of ‘the
National Phonograph Company, and, by
Dyer; Edmonds & Dyer of New York,
solfcitors, and Richard N, Dyer, ‘of
counsel for the compininant. The writ
of ; subpoena ~ fssued: fs-returnable. on
the: first Monday in ‘February, 1902, :a:
Hartford. FS :
EMEE aed
|
ISON
jOnananich {un which W. L, Edlson, son of
‘Thoma, A, Edison, his wife, the latter's
vs Sts Srances ‘Travers, and © Misa
{Mmee Gowd were making a trip to-Florida,
which ts reported to.lave been wrecked on
‘Cedar Island during a gale. ”
{ Particulars of the wreck are meagre, but
Fit ted that all-oh.bLourd safely _reuched
j shore. ‘The Iaunch wag stove in and
mins. ’A.: Eidjaey
CREMEN erie}
Saati ada haan! hay Lalegece
‘The s Kuinon : Hook-and-ladder ‘|
has” recently gopen organized ompany. *
Ly ly
tee crlmente: OMIPAN Smioets iis
he. now famuu.
his laboratory. is # sieetriclan, Uaed aa
PLleutenant’ B. Parrott, who-re:
eontly returned from thd Phil "
the guest of Ralph B, Corbi Mppines, be
Fase RDN iron ci
; and th¢ launch proceeded,
——— 02 .
: Nonronk, Va., Friday.—There Is still no y.the f}rmer's wife started from New York
jdefnite nows regarding the gasolene launch,
early in November for Florida, going by way
of Biltimore.. Thelr naphtha tauneh, the |
|
i
ON: SAUNCH ,OUANANICHE _
WRECKED" ON CEDAR ISLAND
of Mrs, WHiiam Matson, joined the party, toe.
«ether, with Miss. Airhee Dowd. and Walter
TH. Weeks, of New York, ‘fhe lnunch lett
Onuniniche, is sixty fect long and seven feet, Balttmore on November 13, -
beams. oe
Thelt troubles begun before they were tar
on thdr-way. Off Perth Amboy, N. d., the
enginéheeame deranged and the launch was
towed Into that port. Repairs were made
Pra,
topl
Work In two years, 7
of the proceedings of : cong
{fromthe firal“sessYon down: to tho present :time| ‘cess, he:-n
iwhich he wants to soll to the government: He
rhas got na.far as-1861 and expects to Anish th
Sas isnt nae
Thomas A.“fMison's condition is worryin
4 Invontor has secently,
Tdlstloguistied physicjans:
NOR AIC!
ould ‘bo. a
Rent:
It was the plan to proceed .by eanal to’
Charieston and spend. about two weeks at
the Exposition, From Charigston it would
be neohenty for the launeh to take to the
open sga for sixty miley, to the end ‘of the
next canal . iS
j.Betore leaving Baltimore Willam Edlsoit
iald . bn Interview that:the .Onananiche.
pnd
le,.was/ met ihe thought the:
1o-(0 make; harsor:safeiyy iow
WAR atin
ti
Seldom:-had the opportunity to
ha daytimo, + 5 if
rie! hut he’
Holey engrossed
For! vera! dimcutt proble!
Tfushasto:rnate des O'S) eo ee Be
rd
‘ould weather an ordinary.
a neighbors slept, or while he was
% ee an a +
Hee Tyke
“members: of Ce ae
Sayers
* most s i he
: ¢ Is meals, as
Ing. the preparation of. hi fad ‘
\ %.
Aa AMOR condition | is: :
“his | frlendi e.cumous’-inventor .has:
"ite d
y several Metinguished
—
caer,
[PHOTOCOPY]
[From Good Words, vol. 42 (1901)]
Present Day Leaders of Science would
* be completewithout the nameof Edison.
Perhaps no name is more familiar
throughout the world in all that concerns
the application of Science, especially Elec-
trical Science, to the promotion of manu-
factures, commerce, and domestic comfort.
It. is associated with some of the greatest
‘poons which the nineteenth century can
* caim—the telegraph, the telephone, electric:
lighting, and transmission of power,
Thomas Alva Edison was born on! | February
41, 1847, at. Milan, a small town of some
ooo inhabitants, situated on the Huron
River, about ten: miles from Lake Erie and
in the State of Ohio, U.S.A. His father,
Samuel Edison, was an American merchant of
Dutch descent, and-his mother, whose maiden
name, Nancy Elliot, marks her Scottish
parentage, had been a teacher in Canada.
To his parents, especially to his mother,
Edison owes most of his early education.
She it was who fostered in him a love of
reading and of reasoning to which can be
traced much of his after success. . Full of
life and fun though he was, young Edison
seems to have had little in common with
other boys of his own age. His father says:
“He never had any boyhood days 3 his
early amusements were steam- -engines and
mechanical forces.” An amusing story is
‘told which illustrates how the habits of
_ observation and experiment, that’, have
since proved characteristic of his life’s work,
were present in the boy of six. He anxiously
watched a goose sitting on her eggs. ‘ When
he had seen the young brood emerge he
retired to a barn and built himself a -nest,
on. which he was afterwards discovered at-
tempting the duties of a brood-fowl with the
eggs of hens and geese.
At the age of twelve he began life as‘a
train boy, travelling with the trains and
selling fruit, toys, and papers to the passengers
on the Grand Trunk Railroad between
Detroit and Port Huron, where his parents
then dwelt. His commercial instinct and
ability very soon revealed themselves, and
I’ will be readily agreed that no list of
i
- diligently pursued his practical - studies. -
‘ pe EDISON
By J. D. CORMACK, B.Sc, M.LE.E.
in a short time he required ica assistants
to help him with his business. It was the
time of the American Civil War, and his ‘
sale of papers rose rapidly, when, by tele-
graphing the head lines, he gathered at each
‘station crowds of buyers cagerly awaiting
news. Then he conceived the idea of be-
. coming at once editor and printer of a paper
of his own. He invested in type, obtained
“permission to- use part of a freight car
attached to the train, and in a short time
began issuing weekly a single sheet, printed on
one side, bearing the title The Grand Trunk °
Herald. The Herald, followed by Paul Pry; -
was a decided success, but had a short. life. -
His reading had lured him on to chemical
experiment, and his printing room was
utilised also as a. laboratory, in which he-
One result was rather unfortunate—the car
was set ablaze: Edison ceased to practise
chemistry and printing on the railway, :and |
to this day remains somewhat deaf owing to
the vigorous remonstrance of the enraged
conductor, Yet no whit discouraged in his
pursuit of science, he transformed the base-
ment of his father’s house into a laboratory.
and printer’s office. He continued his
omnivorous reading, and the first fruit -of
his study of electricity was the erection, of a
telegraph line between his place of business
and his assistant’s house. ° Strange materials
were pressed into his service as conductors |
and insulators, and, in the absence .of:a.
battery, an attempt was made to obtain the
requisite current by rubbing a cat's back and
using the fore and hind paws as “ terminals.”
The scheme failed and the cat'fled in disgust ;
but Edison was soon able. to purchase an *
old battery and telegraph instruments, and
erecting a proper line, he eptered on that
experience of the work ofa telegraphist
which has proved so powerful a factor in
shaping his future. Shortly after, at the
risk of his life, he snatched the son of the
“Mount Clemens station-master from the track
of a passing train; and ‘the father, in
- gratitude to young Edison, trained him as
a telegraph operator, In five months he
" [PHOTOCOPY]
(By permission of the Edison aud Swan Uniled Electele
Light Co,, Ld., London.),
¢ OFFICES OF THE RDISON ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANY IN 1879.
ae MR, EDISON AT THE DOOR ‘
oe .
became sufficiently proficient to obtain a
post as an operator at Port Huron.
The story of the vicissitudes he experienced
and the difficulties he overcame in study-
ing, inventing, and experimenting during his
career as a telegraphist, would occupy some
of the most interesting pages in a detailed
history of. his life. .
From’ Port Huron he went to Stratford,
Canada, as night operator. Here he con-
tinued to read and to devise ingenious
instruments, but his efforts did not always
«ommend him to his superiors. It was his
<dluty.to report himself to the head office
every ‘half-hour by telegraphing the word
4¢six.” This, however, interfered with’ his
midnight rambles, and he overcame the diffi-
culty by cutting suitable notches on a wheel,
which, when turned bya clock, transmitted the
signals automatically and with due regularity.
_ From Stratford he went'to Adrian, Mich.,
and then to Fort Wayne, Indianopolis, where
he devised and put into use a-simple auto-
matic repeater, which took thé signals from
one line and'sent them along another auto-
GOOD WORDS
veach end, at the same time along one wire. “3e4
“and Louisville without the intervention of ©
matically. Edison was making rapid pr
gress in his work as a tclegraphist and had *#
here his first chance as a “ press” operator, ‘y.
Only first-class men of long service could ;.
work at a sufficiently fast. rate to transmit
and take the press messages, and the speed
proved too great for young Edison. To aid
him in his duties he devised an instrument
for receiving the signals and repeating them
afterwards at a slower rate; but, while
received as fast as the signals could be sent,
it did not hasten the delivery of the message,
and in his first post as a press operator he
was not successful. He practised assiduously,”
and on going to Cincinnati another chance
came: he was prepared and was ranked as
a first-class operator, Here various inven.
tions occupied his spare time, including a
steam-engine, and a system of duplex tele-2 3%
graphy for conveying two messages, one from “59
TROL temylmn pening os ene ge ES eH
:In 1864, at the age of seventeen, Edison
went ‘to Memphis, introducing there his
automatic repeater to connect New Orleans
an operator; and after a short stay he pro- ©
ceeded to Louisville, where he met with
varying ‘fortune.. He determined to try his *:
luck in South America, but the discouraging
reports he received on reaching New Orleans
caused him to abandon the project. After
a short visit to his parents he returned to
Louisville, where again his spare time was
occupied experimenting and inventing and
writing a- book on electricity, which, how-
‘ever, he did not publish. He diligently
practised rapid penmanship until he attained *.
sufficient proficiency to write legibly forty. 4
five words per minute, so that he could take *
down, the message as fast as the quickest
Morse operator could send it. With all -
these as recreations, he still found time to.
carry out experiments, but another unfor- :
tunate accident—the spilling of.a carboy of
sulphuric acid, which permeated the floor
and destroyed the furniture in the office
below—led to his dismissal.
He made a second visit’ to Cincinnati,
worked there for some time, and then
returned to Port Huron.
-At the age of twenty-one Edison went to ¢
Boston, and entered on a new stage of his
career. His previous wanderings had pre-
vented him from settling down to work out the
many ideas his brain produced, so there had
EDISON
. Edison was making tapid
his work as a telegraphist and hag?
first chance aS a “ press" Operator.’
it-class men of long service could
a sufficiently fast rate to transmit’
the press messages, and the Speed !
2 great for young Edison. To aig 2
lis duties he devised an instrumen; a4
ing the signals and Tepeating them 309
5 at a slower rate; -but, while ;
as fast as the signals could be Seni
hasten the delivery of the Messag,
+ first post as.a press Operator he
ccessful. Fe practised assiduous}
ving to Cincinnati another chance
Was prepared and was ranked ag .
iS Operator, Here various inven
Pied his spare time, includin
ine, and a system of duplex tele. §
conveying two messages, one from
it the same time along one wire. ° ; A
at the age of seventeen, Edison 263
Memphis, introducing there his - 343
“epeater to connect New Orleans Bx
ville without the intervention of #4
tT; and after a short stay he pro. -;
' Louisville, where he met with ‘3
tune, He determined to try his ..34
th America, but the discouraging 7
éceived on reaching New Orleans [4
:to abandon the project. After
: to his parents he returned to :
vhere again his spare time was BS
:perimenting and inventing and
0k on electricity, which, how-
d not publish. He diligently ‘fq
tid penmanship until he attained . “74
ficiency to write legibly forty. "34
't minute, so that he could take 4
dessage as fast as the quickest 4
tor could send it, With alt ‘4
eations, he still found time to ‘4
periments, but another unfor- — 3
at—the spilling of a carboy ot
d, which permeated the floor <#
! the furniture in the office -3
| his dismissal, :
a second visit to Cincinnati,
| for some time, and ‘then
rt Huron.
of twenty-one Edison went to
atered on a new Stage of his
arevious wanderings had pre-
“settling down to work out the
{brain produced, so there had
to is
"FETT eh eb Onend gy.
Erevan
ARINC ern eyn
heen little chance of his worth being properly
appreciated. Henceforth, however, progress
was rapid, and success followed closely.
It will be possible to mention in this
sketch only a few of the more important
of the host'of inventions which have
bezn patented by Edison. They number
about a thousand. The steps from the
per stage to the experimental stage, and
thence to the marketable instrument, have
always been ‘taken at express speed. To
Edison’s business acumen, as much as to his
jnventive skill, we are indebted for the
fection and usefulness of his apparatus,
and it is sufficient here to say that, as 2 man
of business and as an inventor, Edison has
been equally successful, That there have
been’ disputes, in some cases resulting in
long and expensive lawsuits regarding pri-
ority of invention, is not -surprising con-
sidering the number of the patents, the
comprehensiveness of some, and the wide
extent of their practical applications; the
wonder is rather that Edison should have
been so successful-in upholding his claims ;
and, in any case, there must always be some
credit due to the man who first contrives
to make a commercial success of an idea,
which he may not have been the first to:
conceive. Long and difficult questions ‘of
priority can form no part of this sketch,
Edison made his mark almost immediately
on entering the office at Boston. To the
astonishment of his fellow Operators, he took
down with ease the message transmitted by
the most expert operator in New York, who
was, by arrangement,’ at the other-end of
Edison’s wire. The Boston Library afforded:
him a splendid opportunity of making himself
acquainted with the best scientific literature
of the day, and of this he took full advantage.
His first patent was that taken out for avote
,tecorder. The names of the candidates were
placed in metal type round the circumference
of a cylinder over which a sheet of chemically
prepared paper passed. On turning one: of
the switches placed at éach bench, the ‘name
of the candidate for whom the vote was
intended was printed on the paper by the
action of an electric current passing from
the type through the paper to a metal roller,
This apparatus, .on which young Edison
59 OFS
Saal ol
| [PHOTOCOPY]
- Goop WORDS
have the option of purchasing all his tele? 34
graphic patents ‘at rates agreed upon.
led to'the establishment of a laboratory and
workshop at Newark, which employed three i
hundred hands, | and gave Edison such faciljS¥¢
ties for carrying out his ideas that he " kepj's¢
the.steps of the Patent Office hot with his 2"
footsteps.” " At“oue time he had on ‘hand j, ing
this workshop forty-five inventions and: ime
provements, and his fame began to spread ©
abroad. In Newark he married’his first wife
* Mary Stitwell, who died in 1881.
In 1876 Edison moved his home
Menlo Park, about twenty-four miles from>
New York, and there erected a Jaborato;
and workshop on a grand scale. Here many.
of "his principal inventions were conceived ;
‘and carried out, indluding the carbon tel
phone, phonograph, and incandescent electric 343
. lamp. ‘In 1886 he built at Orange, N.J., th
(By permission of the Edison and Swan United Electric
Light Co, Ld., London.) .
KDISON’S HOUSE IN MENLO PARK, THE FIRST MOUSE LIGHTED
" , BY THE EDISON ELECTRIC LAMP
speht much time, although it did its work
well, did not meet with approval because, it *
is said, it would have interfered with certain
‘prevalent voting practices. He made further
experiments and trials on duplex telegraphy
and printing telegraphs, and in 1869 he de-
cided to go to NewYork. For some time he
was without work, but an ac dent—fortunate
so far as he was concerned—occurred to an
instrument which. was used for sending toa
number of offices the market quotations: for
gold. At a time when the market was-
+, greatly excited, this instrument broke down;
and panic ensued, but Edison, who happened™
to be at hand at the. time, soon readjusted
-the mechanism, and, earning the gratitude of
the Company, obtained a place in their em-
ployment. Soon he began to improve the
printing telegraphs then in use. He worked
out insttuments for various purposes, and
obtained for patents sufficient money to start
asmall workshop. His inventions attracted
the attention of a number of telegraph com-
. panies, and two of these retained him at a
“*good salary on condition thdt they should,
laboratory where since then he has carried?
out most’of his work, and in the neighbou
hood of which he now resides with
second wife. “The work carried on here i
entirely experimental, all manufacturing being
done in large works in several other places,
‘The laboratory is provided with a fine equi;
ment of tools, and attaclied to it is a large’
and very comprehensive store stocked with 3
goods and chemicals of all kinds. f
It would be difficult to give a short classifi.
cation of Edison's patents, but the more i impo:
tant can be connected with certain typical in
ventions which call for notice however brief. hy
.Naturally Edison's first efforts wer
directéd, towards improving the apparatus }
and méthods of telegrapby, and his early «
work was perfected and amplified later. A
method of telegraphing from a moving train ‘
was devised and carried out. “Chemical }
printers, automatic repeaters; and an auto
matic telegraph system .were all designed
to increase the speed and save time i
telegraphinig, for in telegraphy, as elsewhere, ‘a2
time is money, and more: use could be made “ay
of a costly cable. - ‘the Prpnciple of most
chemical telegraphs is the ‘same. A piece
of paper, saturated with a suitable chemical
-salt,..travels over the surface‘of a metal
cylinder, and a metal point rests on th se
. Paper. .A current, passing through th
paper from the pvint to the cylinder, leaves 24
a stain, whose length depends on the tim BS
during which the current passes; and th
combinations of short and long signals—do
‘1e option of purchasing all hi
}; patents at rates agreed upon, :
the establishment of a laboratory ‘;
‘ip at Newark, which employed thre
hands, and gave Edison such fa
‘carrying out his ideas that:
js of the Patent Office hot with hj
5.” "At one time he had on"hand
“kshop forty-five inventions and:
nts, and his fame ‘began to spread
In Newark he matried’his first wife
‘twell, who died in 1883.
a
he“ kép
‘incipal inventions were conceivea'
ed out, including the carbon tele!
\onograph, and incandescent electric
1 1886 he built at Orange, N.J., the
7 where since then
of his work, and in
i Which he now resides with his
ife. ‘The work cartied‘on here is:
‘perimental, all manufacturing being
vge works in: several other places,
tory is provided with a fine equip-
vols, and attached to it is a large
comprehensive store stocked with
ichemicals of all kinds, -
tbe difficult to give 2 short classifi-
dison’s patents, but the more impor-
he has cartieg
the neighbour:
? connected with certain typical in.
hich call for notice however brief.
y Edison’s first efforts were ,
dwards improving the apparatus
‘ds of telegraphy, and’ his early .
erfected and amplified’ later. A’
telegraphing from a moving train “
@ and carried out. Chemical
ttomatic repeaters, and an auto. .
{ the speed and save: time in
5, for in telegraphy, as elsewhere,
@y, and more-use could be made
cable. ‘Jhe Principle of most
legraphs is the same. A Piece
turated with a suitable chemical
over the surface‘of a metal
d a metal point rests on the
Current, passing -through the
he puint to the cylinder, leaves
fe length depends on the time
p the current passes 3 and the
+ of short and long signals—dotg
Faph system were all, designed “2:3
P,
i
ag
“sage on’ a paper
d dashes—form the letters of the Morse
a abet. . A chemical telegraph can be
ov nged to ‘print letters, and in several of
Edison's machines this was done.
His experiments in chemical 'telegraphy
Jed him to the discovery that the friction
between the metal point and: the prepared
was diminished during the passage of
an electrical current between them. From
this observation sprang the motograph, an
and was designed
to record tele-
graphic signals, ;
The automatic
system comprised
a machine for per-
forating the mes- °
strip, according to
the Morse code,
at about the usual-
rate of signalling.
“The strip could
then be sent
through the trans-
mitter at a very
rapid rate, and a
receiver at the
other end recorded
the message.
His improve-:
ment of duplex
telegraphy, and his
invention of the
quadruplex system,
made .it possible
to save a . large
amount of capital
expenditure. in
wires, for by means - =.
of the former, two’ messages (one from each
end) and by the latter, four messages (two
from each end) coyld be transmitted along
the same wire at the same time. -The little
magnets, which work the receiving instru-
ments, can be actuated by two methods,
One set “is arranged to be operated by a
change in the direction of the current and
is not affected by the strength 3 the other
set is operated by a change in strength
and is not affected by the direction. This
Principle, combined with the duplex system,
made possible the transmission of the four
simultaneous messages. The ingenious ap-
XLU—za * y
[PHOTOCOPY]
EDISON
instrument which took a number of forms,
UR. EDISON
‘circuit, and the currents induced in the
161 .
paratus. is too complicated to ‘be here de
scribed, ., ae
An interesting -group of..instruments for
‘ various purposes depends ‘upon the fact - ~~’
that variation in mechanical pressure alters
the resistance.of cnrbon to the passage of
an electrical’ current, Perhaps the most
interesting application of this principle is
to be found in Edison’s Carbon Telephone,
the prototype’-of the microphone which is
now in general use:. In Bell’s telephone the
‘ sound - waves pro-
duced by'the
speaker énter the
* transmitter, where
. they set in vibra - ,
. tion a soft iron *
diaphragm . facing
». “the poles of.a per-
manent, magnet,
round which:a coil
of wire is wound.
Electric currents,
varying in strength
and ‘direction ac- .
cording to the -.,
motions of the dia- :
phragm, are thus
produced in the
coil and carried by
the line wire to a
similar instrument,
the receiver, whose
diaphragm is
moved bythe trans-
mitted currents so
+ as to repeat the .
motions of the-
first diaphragm
. . .and reproduce
- 1 * the sounds, the
strength of the sound being necessarily
diminished somewhat. In Edison’s tele-
phone, however, a current from a battery
passes from the diaphragm through a carbon
button and then to the primary cirguit of an
induction coil. Changes of pressure, pro-
duced by sound striking the diaphragm, vary
the current passing through the Primary
secondary circuit are carried by the line and
reproduce the sounds at the other end by
aid of a receiver similar to Bell’s. It was
possible in this way to make the reproduction -
much louder than the original sound, and
| [PHOTOCOPY]
i
9 ene eee eee ere eae
GOOD WORDS
- thus to. telephone to much greater distances.
The combination of this carbon transmitter
and magnet receiver, with few improvements,
is the telephonic apparatus of to-day.
In the microtasimeter, an instrument of
- various applications, a piece of carbon is
placed between two metal plates, and a strip
of some material is so arranged that if it
expands it will increase the pressure of the
plates on the carbon, and thus alter the
strength of a current flowing from one plate
to the other through the carbon. The
changes thus produced are observed by
means of a galvanometer placed in circuit.
With this instrument the heat evolved.by a
star, focused by a telescope on a strip of
hard rubber, causes sufficient expansion of
the rubber to alter the pressure on thé carbon
and thus affect ‘considerably the indications
of the galvanometer. .The" presence of a
very minute amonnt of moisture can be
detected in the same way by the swelling of
a gelatine strip.
A number of other instruments depend
on this property, which, it may be noted, is
not peculiar to carbon.
Edison’s conquest of the difficulties en-
cguntered in \perfecting his incandescent
electric lamp illustrates his perseverance and
determination, and the success it met with
was well deserved. When he took the matter
up the only useful method of obtaining light
from electricity was the ‘arc lamp. There
was no practical way of getting small quantities
of light. Others had already tried to obtain
light by passing through conductors currents
sufficiently strong to cause them to glow}
but it was reserved for Edison to make this
method a practical success. In his first
lamp the current passéd through a platinum
wire, making it glow; but the melting-point.
of the platinum was so near the tem-
perature at which it glowed brightly that
a device for preventing fusion was required,
and this gave considerable trouble. After
much experimenting Edison came to the
conclusion that the best method was to pass
the current through a wire or filament of
carbon, placed in a glass bulb from which
the air was withdrawn so that the carbon,
when heated, would.not burn, nor the heat
be carried away by currents of surrounding
air or other gas. Then came the question
of the manufacture of the carbon filaments.
Filaments were made by carbonising, in
grooved nickel moulds, subjected to a high@
temperature, such materials as cotton threag 4
paper, cardboard, white wood, jute, maniljy
hemp, and many ‘other "vegetable fibreg’
_ Assistants scoured the world in search
suitable material, and, after much ex;
menting, fibres obtained from a certain kind
of bamboo were selected. These w,
carbonised and then adjusted by the “ flash
ing” process. ' The filament was placed in 339
vessel filled with the vapour ofa hydro-carbox't
and carbon was deposited’ on the filamen
by passing through it at intervals a curren
sufficient to produce a bright glow. Th
filament was then mounted on the platinum
wires which lead the current into and out of Sg
‘the glass bulb. Afterwards the bulb was
exhausted of air and sealed, :
The delicate carbon threads, whose dia
meter is only about a two hundredth of
inch in the ordinary lamp, although it app
greater when glowing, required very accurate;
machinery for their manufacture, but thes
difficulties were overcome and the bamboo¥
filament was a success. Edison soon, how:
ever, joined hands with Swan in Englan;
whose system of making filaments from
cotton thread, parchmentised by sulphuri
acid and afterwards carbonised, is almost the
only method. now in use. The success 6
the incandescent lamp being assured, Edison
addressed himself to the improvement of:
many details in the whole system of electrigy
lighting, from the dynamo, which generates
the current, and the system of cables by which g
-itis distributed, down to the holder in which
the lamp is placed, including such apparatus
as regulators, meters, junction boxes, cut outs,
‘&c. The arc lamps then in use were con
nected in “series,” the same current going 339
through all and necessitating the use of special
contrivances for preventing the interference
of onelamp withanother. The incandescent
lamps were to be run in parallel, so that each
had the same pressure and could be put on ors
off at will independently, while the failure of
one did not affect the others, The Hést results;
from these lamps could only be obtained bys
keeping up a steady pressure at the terminals:
For this purpose he effected improvements.
in the dynamos and devised regulators, and:
soon the new system of electric lighting was,
complete. At the Paris Exhibition of 1881:
he showed the largest dynamo then built,
“Jumbo,” a dynamo driven directly by 3 :
‘nickel moulds, subjected to a high
‘ie, such materials as cotton thiead 2
‘rdboard, white wood, jute, manil);!
‘nd many other ‘vegetable fibr
3 scoured the world in search of,
material, and, after much exper;
‘fibres obtained from a certain kind3si
oo were selected. These we;
sess. The filament was. placed in’
:d with the vapour ofa hydro-carbo
‘on was deposited on the filament 23
'g through it at intervals a current‘
‘to produce a bright glow. Th
vas then mounted on the platinum
ch lead the current into and out of?
bulb. Afterwards the bulb was
of air and sealed, . PEt)
slicate carbon threads, whose dia.‘
mly about a two hundredth of an#
e ordinary lamp, although it appears 233
aen glowing, required very accurate:
* for their manufacture, but the 2243
i were overcome and the bamboo ‘#4
vas a success, Edison soon, how- 4%
ed hands with Swan in England, ‘
stem of making filaments from
iread, parchmentised by sulphuric %
ufterwards carbonised, is almost the 33
od now in use, The success of :@m .
lescent lamp being assured, Edison 349
ihimself to the improvement of °
:ils in the whole system of electric i
rom the dynamo, which generates Si
t, and the system of cables by which 344
auted, down to the holder in which. 2a.
8 placed, including such apparatus 134
'rs, meters, junction boxes, cut outs, ‘3
arc lamps then in use were con- “7
“series,” the same current going 33
‘and necessitating the use of special
es for preventing the interferenc
pwith another. The incandescent :
2 to be run in parallel, so that each
me pressure and could be put on or q
independently, while the failure of 2%
taffect the others, The bést results $4
{lamps could only be obtained by .%
| a steady pressure at the terminals.
urpose he effected improvements --
‘amos and devised regulators, and
ew system of electric lighting was
| At the Paris Exhibition of 1881 °
{ the largest dynamo then built, .
la dynamo driven directly by a
| ;
t
__ [PHOTOCOPY]
steam-engine for the supply of tooo ‘sixteen
candle power lamps, “‘Ihe history of thie
successive improvements made by him ‘since’
then would itselfoccupya book. In his pyro-
magnetic dynamos he has produced, though
not with commercial success, electrical cur-
rents from the combustion of coal without
’ the. intervention of an engine. ‘ These
' dynamos are based on the change in the
magnetic properties of iron produced” by
heating; and the same principle was made
use of in the pyromagnetic motor which
developed mechanical power directly from
coal. The properties of magnets are further
taken advantage of in his ore separators and
refiners, which have been used in practice on
a large scale. In these’ machines the *
crushed ore passes in front of large electro-
magnets, by whose attraction particles. of ,
magnetic material, such-as iron, are deflected -
from their paths and separated ‘from the
remainder of the ore. pe
The application of the electric current to
the production of power and to locomotion
received early attention, and, in 1883, a
successful electric train was run at the
Chicago Exposition by Edison in conjunction
with Field. : a
Edison’s inventions in connection with
sound have been numerous. The accidental
pricking of his finger by a steel point, con-
nected to the diaphragm of a telephone into
which Edison was talking, led ultimately to.
one of his greatest inventions—the phono-
graph. The first instrument was completed
in 1878. The mouthpiece, which is spoken
into, had a mica diaphragm, to which a steel
point or style was fixed, resting on a grooved
cylinder covered with tinfoil. The-cylinder
was set moving so that the point traced a
spiral, and the motions of ‘the diaphragm
caused by sound made indentations in
the tinfoil. The needle or style in another
diaphragm could bé put in contact with the
tinfoil, and on setting the cylinder in motion
the point followed the indentations made by
the recording style and reproduced the
sounds previously recorded on the tinfoil.
The ‘new phonographs—the LEdison-Bell
phonographs—with their cylinders of wax,
which can be taken off and sent away or
stored, their sapphire styles for -recording
and reproducing, and their sapphire knives
for shaving the surface of the wax’ cylinder so
“EDISON *
’
as to prepare it for’ another record, form -
instruments which have proved of great value
for many. commercial purposes, and for
scientific research. The perfected phono-
. gtaph created great interest at the Crystal. -
Palace in 1888, and also at the Paris Exhibi- *.*
tion in -1889, where Edison’s phonographs' - :
were housed in a separate pavilion, while the -'
exhibit of his other inventions covered a.
floor area of gooo square feet,” *!
There is no need to do more than mention
some. other familiar instraments—the gramo- .
phone, the kinetograph, and the kinetoscope,
which respectively record and reproduce .”
continually changing scenes ; and the phono-
kinetograph and phono-kinetoscope which,’ .
as their names indicate, record and repro- ‘
duce ‘the sounds accompanying the scenes, °. °
Another “ phone”—the megaphone—is..a
hearing over a Wistancé of a mile, or
two; while in the aerophone a magnified
echo of the human voice’ is produced by
the motion of a diaphragm which controls
valves placed in a steam whistle or organ
Pipe.
named an electric pen, having a point which
is moved rapidly by a tiny electromotor so
that the paper is perforated with a series of
small holes, producing a stencil from which a
large number of copies may be obtained.
His electric pen has, however, been super-
seded by his mimeograph, another multicopy-
ing apparatus, in which a prepared sheet,
placed on a surface like the surface of a file
and written upon, is used as a stencil. A
163°
“species ‘of large trumpet for talking and ~.
Among the minor inventions may be ~
modification of this can be used with the |
typewriter. ° goa ea
At the time of the agitation in the States
in favour of the carrying out of the death: .
sentence by an electrical method Edison was
approached, and conducted a series of valu-
able experiments on the effect of different
electrical pressures on the human system.
His experiments on‘ Réntgen Rays have ,
already been noticed in this magazine.
Such, in brief outline, is the history of this
remarkable man. To-day he is fifty-three
years old, alert, keen-eyed, full of ideas, and
with the energy, determination, and ingenuity
required for successfully’ materialising his
dreams.: Who knows what new things he
has in store for us?. :.. - 2
Clippings
1902
[MARCONI ON IIS. TESTS.
a eee 8
IAS LEARNED HO
VENT STEALING MBSSAGES.
THE” INVENTOR CONFIDENT. THAT! HE:
WILL MAKE TRANSATLANTIC TELEG- | |
2 RAPHY, A: PRACTICAL SUCCESS., .
[ ; Gugllelmy Marconi, the inventor of wireless
telegraghy. was.the. guest of honor last night,
gut fhe annual.dinner of the.American Institute,
‘ot: Electrical Engineering. in the Astor gallery.
fof the Waldorf-Astoria. ‘T.-C. Martin was the
ftoastmaster, and when he Introduced Mr. Mar-
Yeont-the three hundred guests arose and- gave,
the inventor three hearty cheers. Mr, “Marconi
expressed thanks and gratitude for the recep-
itlon, and said that he felt highly honored. to be
fentertained by such an important organization.
$He continued: , hows
f L-think it is admitted and well known that Amer-
Men stands first In electrical enginecring. . 1 feel
;highty honored. at belng entertained by.so many
distinguished men whose names ure household
jwords throughout the clvitized world. 1 have been |
jasked to glye a brief description of what my sys-
tem, has:accomplithed, especially with reference to }
iIts:-use on -ships at sea. Wireless telcgraphy. le
“perhaps -now attracting more attention (hun any
‘other. problem. Its progress has not heen slow. -
jFive years ngo the system with which my name !s
Identified was working qver a distance of ubdut two
niles, -and its range has, rapidly: increased, “About
“twp -months ago it was possible to communicate
over 2 distance of six hundred miles.: A certain
scommercial appliteation of the syutem has already.
cbeen-reached, chiefly in England. ats
. It may. intarest you to know. that at present over |
seventy ships carry permanent installations.of wire-
ileas_telesraphy. Thirty-seven of these belong to-
the: British Government, twelve-to the Italian Gov-
ernment, and the remainder are on the great trans- |,
-atlantic ‘liners. Over twenty lund stations “aro
equiped with {nstaliations in ‘Great Britain .and
on the Continent, und several ore established hero
which work In connection with ships, and several
signal stations are nuw belng equipped,’ I regret
‘that It 1s not possible for -me. to givo. you any
scientific. details, - but. will reply to some ques:.
tions. constantly dsked ng to the, practical working
‘of this systom. at) Rey . ’
ae . CANNOT ‘STEAL MESSAGES.
It the general holiof that.when a message
being. transmitted, or has once. been Intriusted; to
space, any ane with a -recelver would be -able to |-
take it-up and get tho message, This“ would. mean:
that i, mian’s business would be public property |
once it’ was relensed. This would bo a very’awk- |
ward situation, especially to men who cent ‘stock’ jf.
‘quotations, ‘This. objection has-in a-large measure.
yoeen overcome. By modifications -of the: original
‘systam ‘Jt has been found ‘possibic.so to adjust one
‘transmitter to one receiver as to make jt.practical-y
fmpossible, or ‘nt least-.very diMcult, for any one |
not. nequainted- with -the ’ particular, tone -of, {tha |
jvave.to decipher the -message.: - This system Js;not
‘at: present in usec on ships at sen. It. ly deemed to”
‘bo. ofjutiiity: that. one -ship shall be able-to com:
‘munteate with any, other ship, so. that one ves: el
‘may:icommunteate- with - another if in distress.
Across sland howeyer,” the adjusted, syatem? >
. be. used, pee? one
- ‘Mry Blare ni re
peatttenchy Pro
indepen
inventor engi
Dp
“ a
14 OX: In! iny‘experiments in-Engtand: I fourid that ‘only
enough ‘energy to ight.a amall.incandescent:Jamp
Was, necessary ‘to’send a message two -hundred
miles, > With. the intention -of esta!
| that messages might.bo.sent across. the ocean, :two
{powerful inetallations .wero ‘ect’ up, one.in. Corn
‘witl and another on Cape Cod." A ‘hurricane demol--
ished the statlon:at Cane Cod, and the tegts:had to
‘be .postnoned. I then established a station at New-,
‘foundland, .which, is a. distance’ of “two ; thousand’
imiles: from: the’ station: ‘at Pelhu, . Kites’ and ‘bal-
iloona.-wera ‘employed ‘with: elevated . wires, Thi
yeave.n great denl.of trouble, ns, owlng. to-the-tem:
ypentuous “weather, it: was. Cound’ almost {mpossibie"
sto raise the kites und balloons, i Set eat
On: December 13 and713 wo had-a ‘great“dent' of,
seatisfaction In -recelving ‘the signals at ithe “right
Jrop,and at a-proarrknged speed. (Appinuse,)2x-
ni th’.a.mora permanent’ Installation, -as-l<at
:oneo recognized ‘the necessity of- making: the, sta-°
iffon'a permanent,one. ‘This pormarient anstallation
1d ‘hove: been’ set up had ‘I inat discovered the-
wou
{net ‘that the Anglo-American Telegraph, Company
:¢laims,to. have a2 monopoly on all Glegraphie come
:munication in that country, not ‘only on .the cable
and ordinary telegraphic communication, «but: It
.¢tlaims%to have a,monopoly on preventing any one
from trylng experlments which are connected with
telegraphy In, that.colony, and fn tho same. way
fois f. monopoly,on the air and’ the sea. (Laughs.
: THE} ANGLO-AMERICAN COMPANY. ,
-. ‘These attacks rather encouraged my experiments
than prevented them, ’: ‘The maniger of the Anglo-
American Company,in Newfoundland told me’ that.
my presence there incrensed his business, and that.
000 words were Bent over the-cadle.in three days
during my presence there. Experiments become °
almost impossible when you have to face injunc-
tons -and threatened’ injunctions, and 2. hight:
warded . monopoly. Under the circumstances
crossed over to a country not far from Newfound-
Jand, -nbout ninety miles distant, to Nova Scotia,
;and “I. think “a permanent *atatton will’ -be:
i established there, and the one at. Cape Cod
will, be = repaire IT belleve It with be, pos--
sible to send several messages across the ocean ®
at.the same time,’ and’ ‘in a commercial. and
uaoful -smunner. I um .greatly. indebted to. the
governments of Newfoundland and. Canada for the,
encourngement they have glven me in my work: ‘If
my: system can be commercially established -be-,
tweon the different parts of the world it will have
the effect of bringing about « great chenpening of.
i tha method of communication, It would cost only:
ifm very, very small fraction of what it now conta,
{The ‘existing ‘syatem of submarina cables. fills: the’
1 DI toa large extent, but the great cost of cables
causes this method to be, beyond the-reach of a:
mojority, of the people..-I believe, should my sy's-;
tem be realized, the cost of cabling to.a dintant’
country might be greatly. and substantially reduced,
It would unite families, however scattered, and ce-
-ment- friendships between tho nations of.the world,
besides ndding another Ink In the chain that binds
‘thin country to Grent Britain.” (Applause,
3.My work has depended on the work.of.m
stestora. I-have-bullt on .the work-of.
one hope fa that‘I-may bring this,
pesca completion. . .
4 Mr: Marcon! asked the guests to rise, and
drink! to the ‘health of the American In:
of.. Electrical, Engineers. en eae
*"Addresees. were also . made ‘by . Prealdent:
Chatles “Proteus " Steinmetz,.’ Professor.“ Elthu!
Thomson and Dr. Michael I..Pupin. - > ent
‘the decorations were’ almple, consisting ‘of:
amilax massed about tiny green electric lights.:
On-the wall back of the.:guests’ table :was-.a
black tablet eet with electric. lights: forming
the’ word -“Marconf." . Two" ‘smaller *thblets, :
-some* distance apart, had-a similar arrange!
ment, the word on one being ‘Poldhu,’and. on:
‘the other “St.” John's, the names of the towns’
between which the famous’ wirelcss ‘test was:
recently made. These ‘tablets were -connected;
by-a.string of electric lights, so arranged “as{to'
make the-letter “S” In the Mogse.code,: 2s... e..
“Letters of regret’ wereread from. the: Itallal
“Minister, Captain... -E.-Chadwick,
Nicola: Tesin, and’ others.: Tho! a
_wroté-that hé. would. -be“glad tobe. prese!
“he:would “like to meet:the young man who.had
‘the ‘monuimental audacity. to; attempt .and” guc-
seeed in jumping an electrical wave clenr.actoss .,
“theAtiantic:Ocean,”: but waa unable: to’ accept:
the invitation. RES nO ea eas Sa
From ench dish of the fees there rose r,minia-
ture telegraph pole, with broken “wires,.-or,/a
miniature .ship..- Mr. -Stelnmety- auld he knew:
everybody, was sorry, not:to:-have.Mr, Edigon,‘the:
“pnst:master,of-the industry," present.:. He?ex-
hibited a-record of.a:dinner‘given:for. Cyrus. W.
-Fleld ‘atthe completion “of ithe: first-Atlantic ca-*
ple,j-at*which: Mayar: Lo her ésided.
thorn:
lishing the, fact’
)
iPerinents would chave heen continued. in-Newfound-,
-—
Kk B
‘watlkiiown ‘biisitiess, men; ke Sam
‘gull; .others ‘have.-become “engine
‘Lieutenant Sprague; iny’ have’ become;
‘millionaires., “This + will > ‘surprise many
ipersons: who have looked upon “Mr, Edison
48 @ mere inventor’ of mechnnism, yet it | 1
‘Ys a fact that more thah ‘twenty nen: wlio’
have received training under him have gone
iforth front his laboratory; and: have become
hoted; men: In. the world..;In-fact, it has
‘almost’ passed, {nto an axlom that dutiniate
‘ansoclation: with (homas, A, Idison" mienis
ultimate sticcess and fortune for any 3an,
-many; years, who has -v tehed these men
‘como-in' as pupils and! go’out splendidly
‘equipped for the battles.of life, was asked
‘to tell’ who they aro and: the: Process ot
‘thelr instruction.‘
“Ttsls 1 a’ fact,” he “replied,” iat. any
f° tho men who have'avorked> here with
{Mr, Edison ‘havo: become : proininent in
‘many. ways. It has-been set: down to’ow
ifneldence and. to . the opportunities: they
{have Had for. forming powerful,” friend-
ships» whilo in (the laboratory, hut thera
ut another and more potentlal, Teason for
their success, It is the result-of contact
with, Eid!son. He seems ablo out of raw
material: and by the power of example
to ‘create a working force in a man equal
almost ito that ‘In himself. :In ‘the: first
place, .;he--wauld__navorhave. man
‘around | unless che were. quick to. learn
and to. ‘execute... Ho can not enduro a
stupid man, and:ho-ds very frank: to tell
‘a man that ho is’ stupid: and to clear him
out. The -result-.isi that the “men. who
‘haya ‘gotten: along with him ‘all-hnd good
natural, capacity. .It -was a: survival: of
thos fittest. ~All’ men’ -thrown’ with” him
‘find him democratic. and willing to -listen
fto-any suggestion they.m ay ‘make -to him.
}Ho; valways had. the effect ‘of making his
tmen work hard by. giving. them.a_ first-
xample., He taught them - that it
jan‘;experiment: failed’ it should Do" re-
igarded! only as an incentive to make
(an) experimenta. *‘That‘is' the’ lesson’ a
from ; Edijson—never to. givé
hapa. fact,:,any- man with~reasonabld
ian “his? neater etoretery
: ithocsUnited
“Most of Them re ae
But ‘Lawyers and.
rns jnstalted by. “him,
He! tog
¢ “becnme noted
t' by? Mur. Edison
wi! ah oes was"
‘l to: South'’.America for: bamboo. “Ie mado"
a Journey across South Americay, and was:
tho’ first “white ‘man ‘to ‘cross’ from tho,
)sourco of’ the: Andes to ‘tlowest ‘const of:
South ‘Mr! MacGowen had:
s’avealth' and fame
woul ‘have, been’ ‘pat to’ that of the
great “explorer, Stanley,. and’ others.’ Mr.
Mac(toweihad | ‘plenty “of plik,” but ‘he’
died from: the éffects ‘of ‘his exposure on’
‘this, journey. ‘Tho New. York Sun called
hint" ‘the sequal’ ‘ot ‘Stqntoy’ in” “conquering,
now’ ‘territory.’
One Who hna been with. tho inventor for
Tie: nn who atved many ‘Vontilating
urobiléms’ “int rapers,’’ tinhels and
sub-cellars: got ‘his’ carly.‘-training ‘ from
dison.’ "He ts: young Seymour; the son
of Mnyor Seymour, of Newark.+«: Ho first,
took the telephone to Europo for the com-'-
pany! He got a New York paper out-of
ry ventiinting: seraupe ‘iashis early: days,
ani ‘so° got’: his stirt:’ In’ the sub-cellar
whero the presses are rin the heat was go
great that “it almost melted the lead “of ;
the forma. Tho mer could not stand it,
But Seymour made tho placo habitable.’
“Buther Stlerlnger is another man of
mark who got his tuition in Menlo Park.
For years he has been recognized as | an
authority on the distribution of light. He
nid ‘ont the lighting of the Omnba Ex-
position, and’ a medal’ was’ awarded’ hin
-forthls work: . Ho also devised-the schemo
for tighting of tho grand court jat tho
World's Fair, I heard that he had ‘onee’
ao sort of roving commission to inveati-
gate ‘anything ‘of interest'on any subject
for Mr. Edison,-and; as he sald, mado it
practice to open‘all ‘doors which had> the
sign ‘No‘Admittanco’ upon-them. ** | 7
~SEditorscand lawyers. havo ‘vee i
eated’ by Edison. “. Thonias: Comniertdrd
Martli,, editor. of the Mlectrical World,
was'onco In‘tho. Inboratory.’ Ri’ N.' Dyer,
who ia a*avell-known’ patent: “attorney,
canio to Edison:ns a’ boy’ and shows’ tho
‘effect of his training in: lls sttecoss.” “So
you might continue through’ all" ‘trades: |:
and professions, W. KK. L, Dickson, who
biographed tho ° pone,” learned. ehis “trade
vork! the et
De Acheso
ho, la a*power ‘at Ni gara’ Balls and’ wh
avatar arborundum, ras! here® at” the
2H. Warit*Leonan,;: who!
cue
vith: Spain: }
ao)
?
tdi iage iy:
et —
; moving ‘turrets’! for swaralilpy” by .*-
-electricity,’ got his early: training: from ‘Edl-
son. ,Phillp:Setibel, who fastalled the first
Jelectric, plant ever put on‘ a‘steamship (it
‘was tho old steamer Oregon), worked‘ for
Eaion, So’did Dr. 8. 8. Wheeler, tho
Q 473 electrician, and: O.:3. Wield,
tprosident. “At-any’ rate,” no ‘ordinary ‘in!
! yersity- das: turned.ont.a. groater. porcent-
fage’.of great- men, than’ this» “Inboratory;
Seo how the lst swells. 2.22... :.
:.“Poesin stands first among Edison ‘pail
‘nates in point of fame, Ho came to tho
| works.’ ‘ft mere youth, with sttle knowledgo
jot: “ practical -eveetricity. He: entered the
, testing’ laboratory. and learned howto ¢:
| periment. ‘Of course, his natural. capgelty: f
{pushed him: on, but at that time be said to’
mo ‘that auec ceding tinder-Mr. Edison was | 4
not the: result’.of what: onc’ learns: from |
the inventor: £0, ‘much as it wis'absorbing
enitiined” indirectly, con-.
Halson interests... But all,
‘mentioned:.are:of jen’ who “
‘Sn’ clidrge sof interosts of. vast Smpor-
ange, AMuminating-~ ~company*- interests: -
the: spirit-“with which Edison works, °-Un-
‘joubtediy la; recelved . hi _prontett im; “lon esont snvestmonts: of aver $75,
ipetud; from. and .owes ;his’ rodent -achleve: | 900, men in'chargo-us which I have
lmonta-to wh he. learnad' from. Edison, A im néd yf, ‘Thdso’ mentioned | indus: ,
' “Among.” the'men; who /hn: nado oa fund mochanica' tfereata” aro at the
mark: in sthe: elect ical world “is. AC -7B,']:head:,, chtorgriées: representing. invest
Ken ony. He ikna’ been ‘president’ of - tho. 20,000,000, ,- Outtde “Interesta
Anstitute of Blectrical Wngincers,’ : Mr, y. “We $10,000,000. .;*You, seo,
Kennelly was: with Mr.,Bdison as mathe- fu biecn something moro’ than @
iniaticlan “and “4s ' supposed :to: be one of. 90 iikentlvo: powor in the world.”
‘the best jn’the world, Ho is: tho ‘only ‘There, are’ many meri’ now who havo
‘man -in’ America. who Is able. to Juterprot, preferred; to romain with Mr.: {illon, as :
isomeof’ the vory intricate systems: -ofi|. in problems aro belng worked
mathematics avhich' have been evolved: by, | therwisa might inverzone oltt »
that - grent® “English -olectri Oliver, Payables
.Heavysides, * 4 : :
“AI of Mr. Edison's’ ‘only partners: bo! ea
-eamo ‘ayell’. known! ‘In. "the! world .and |.
wonlthy « They’ were’ Charles Batchelor,
John ‘Kruste, ‘BE. H. Johngon ,and 8, B..
Bergman. Mr, Edison: “has Cotten ‘said
{that Batchelor was:the cleverest nan with }<
his. hands that he'had over known.,"-Ho
:was :tho, most “patient. mane vover, saw,
‘first: filament into ‘tho incan:
: descent ‘lamp; The filaments as fi t
jwere exceedingly tender 1
‘elamped ; in,. Ast they’ wi
‘microscopic ' size It, was-an “tindertaking
which seemed almost impossible. I havo
sseen him work: for houra.and then. break
the filament. -Then he would go on, start
‘ggain “and tmade another one, until. bo
«made fl, perfect one. He was noted for
his patience. We used to nickname him
“Edison's hands! He: built eleven diffor-
ent factories for Mr. Edison, and ho yman-
‘aged ‘all of the Buropean works for years, |'
‘Ho made a large amount of money before
ho retired from an active career. ,
‘ “John Krusic, who‘ died not tong ago,
owas. superintendent for Mr.. Edison, At
that. term. may ‘be usod, for. many years
‘In his Jaboratory.. He. was.an exceedingly.
clever, man: and -a° thy roughly. good ' me].
‘chanic. . ‘he undergrotnd ‘system in iNew
iYork ‘city . for, tho distribution of electric
‘Night was first installed by John Krusie.
A have thought that Mr, .Krusfo ruined
‘hia: health in: building tho underground
i “There: aro filso’many young
King ere” now ‘whi, in‘ course, of
radiate, ant ‘go" forth to con-
‘quer, xi world. It ts like acollego here
‘tn that atch and we ‘could: form an
‘alumina ‘fociety “that in_point- of) influenco
Would: stand: ‘with ‘any other socloty
in*ia sthat.-all_ this’
ip goa, fortune
‘aptred: by* Afr. ‘Eadlaon, In
‘he stands ag, a. -montor iat all’
professions.’ als Se
fant
fon “Newark: ne took. Mr, . haiengis place
there. “At that. time he attended to: tho
manwfacturing end. Since he. has. becom
‘theslargest manufacturer: of: electri
paratus in the . United States an
owns} very large. works In’ Germany,
dis énerally. ‘suppose to -bo.a ‘millionalr
ei“These were four early.men, While. i
(England ‘ong of them, Mr. Johnson, <dls-
‘covered’. Samuel: Insuil, who becamo:’the
‘systemp‘in’ tho’ daytime ‘andxputting: them |" ‘herd fof the Chiengo lighting. ind
‘under | avoment \all, nighf,;,, He. wag ‘and. iat recently was “president dustry,
jhoted ¥ cr’ for ais: mechantesl Natfonal Blectric Light Association, Ho:
:ability “ ‘Is:.very wealthy and-is a terrific:-we
BE 0} \ ‘Mr,; Edison onco ‘jokingly : remarked‘ “ot
Nitthe? telegraph and: ‘sleplons days," dad
‘then: when-tho'velectric. Nght.:was ‘devel;
oped... He? was noted. for his. ability
“talk, on any , subjéct ‘for, any’,
‘him‘that if-ho ran tho New York Central
‘raileoad,. the Pennsylvania : railroad,» the
Btandord: Oll: Company. and‘a ‘tew, other
affairs he would stilt’ be. grasplig) a few,
inoro; things to-run, ‘tid if given thme,
he’ woild-bo pretty sure to-run.the world:
‘Krank J. Spraguoe-came to’ Mr. ‘Edison
mi tho navy.. He had. been preghient,
of) tho Society of ‘Electrical Engineers’
‘and ‘is’ known. tho world over as. the ,in-
ventor of ‘the Spraguo electric system. Mr.
‘Bpraguo- spent. many yearsat Richi
“Wi hero t! ‘first. @legttle “ra
——
* Gast, week the Sunday Call -recelved
two more communications wpor the same
‘denthless subject. One of them read ws
‘follows: :
'To the Kdltor of the Sunday Calls
“To decide u bet Kindly state It the stat
“that : is. vielble ‘mont every” evening
Jn the southwest” js -an Ldlsgn star
‘or tho evontrig star, ae A says it Is nhown
from Fdlgson's laboratory in Orange, 1
the other, communteation was upon th
aame wiojcct, und .vhe writer begged the
cditor to forever wet at rest tho ‘fatlacy
that “Edison was wasting money upon
artificial stars. :
Trying to kill the Jadinon’ star story
Is an-endless effort, Nearly every paper
-published | in the East has had to fheht
the sophistry at one time or another, The
story ‘that Edison had an electric Nght
‘ fastened. lo a eapuive palloon was started
when. he was’ experiinenting at Menlo
d Park, and In spite of most vigorous de-
nlalay the -story followed htm to, West
Orange and had just 1s much cresence,
despite the, fact. that, none of the bright
-planets. ever get ‘round as far north
ag West Orange Is viewed from this city.
It Is:fust as much of a hopeless task ¢o
down the myth now a8 it was nt the be-
ginning. Every time Venus or Jupiter
show up prightly in the evening the dis-
ceyssion crops up-ugaln. _idison has hed
hundreds of letters about “his rtar,“¢and
‘Answered them at first with a dental
tint he had wver Intd claim to one of the
-real stetlar ornaments or tried ta rival
‘ona with an electric Iamp, but long aGo
che ceased. paying attention to Jetters upon
this'subject. Some of-his actual achleve-
ménts, he saya, have attracted less public
‘attention than the myth ‘about the. elec»
Miers ec
Moa
Ww
(a .
CUCH ois
Dar
Aru"
“e
--
i ceas' ornes near énoeh to pouring
! be atyled 60, ‘Brick and stone are ‘di
t pensed with and. cement tales 't
i piieo—eemént t
: molds | or fornis. which, “when the
“ ! «Pouring Houses.” -
NEW FORA or BUILDING
poured” into wd
ding ‘in the molds shapes Itself. Bes
leoment in “molds Instead of brick, “mi
[Was aington a “poured’ cement this
‘ndss atructure {s rising, and the going
‘plan of building has been tr’ Jed ‘tn Bute
falo,. applied to a grain elovator, where
the, cement floor holds sixty-eight § ates,
tan ,.olghty fect high, fificen ‘and’ ry
halt: feet in diameter, an actual ond
ot 4,470 pounds to the square toot. ,
*” Ag finished, these walls, colunins, and:
voots aro ag of stone, ‘The mass ha
ilacly. Here, following the mold Ines,;
iis wall, though solld, artificial stone,
jeoms: to be of individual blocks. The.
Muston is startlingly perfect, the more
ons a little tooling will give as e
jurface to’ the cement and’ color _ and
int have been imitated in the ‘mons
Bad
i
ot
‘hot was poured in,”
$ naurance: Engiueering contains. an
ant ervlew on the subject with Mry wat!
jon in w hich the great inventor say! -
if OME Impression is that the timo will
5 when every contractor wil “aye
td. forms of houses, twenty. or
+t! vatletics, The forms wil - be
at od, and a- contractor tito
the standard: shapes will, al =
fl
‘out’ and “pour” a house. There:
robably - hundreds! of det
7 “Some, ‘of | the’ fire. -Bagsraas om
co houses, That, 0 ine
future. It Is athe stent BE
opinions, however, -we believe. tat it
woula not be wise to put oft “puylig!
r ot this ere
——
D
by Woy >
(doy teLeen, T.
“QHARLEY” EDISON DID IT. Mae
— 1
TASK THE GREAT INVENTOR. BHT HIS
YOUTHFUL SON, n
'
A characteristic story is told in “Suecess” of ;
how Thoniis Av Pittzonetgated his son's ability.
‘An old streetcar with whielr his father had been
experimenting stood in the yard of the Inbora-
tory, He had jittle use for It. “Chariey" con-
ceived the iden of turning the car into an ex-
perimental station for testing some of his elec-,
trical and mechanical conceptions.
_ Ona.day he anid to nla father, "May I have
that old car that stands In the yard?"
“Yes, if you will take ft away and get It up
to the house,” gaid the father with a smile, He
evidently thought that such a proposition would
daunt: the youthful experimenter. The Edison
home is about seven hundred fect from the
laboratory, and stands upon ao hillside, the |
grades of which are very steep.
Many a man with plenty of mechanical power i
at his disposal would have withdrawn from an |
attempt to get the old car up the steep hill, but
not so with “Charley" Edison. ‘ mI
The next day he appeared at the laboratory
with an old white horse, & lot of rollers and
another boy to act as his assistant. He bor-
rowed from the jaboratory some jackscrews
and began to raise the car from its short strip
of track, His father saw the Initial stages of
the performance, and wondered. He thought
that “Charley” might move the cas across the
level road in front of the laboratory, but ex-
pected him to give up when he should reach the 7 : : ‘aison :
steep hill, The lad went to work in a masterly . “aniie »
fashion, got his car on {ts rollers and moved Mt Me. ape ig
across the road, By working carefully for £-v-
eral days, moving the car a Httle at a time, and’
keeping It piocked go that it could not roll
back down the hill, the boy gradunily got the,
cumbersome vehicle, with its trucks and every
thing else intact, and without even a proken
window, to the lawn In front of the Edison
house. ; '
But this did’not satisfy him, He built o track
for the car, and before many weeks had a suc- §
cessful single car rafiroad in operation; He and
his boy companions experimented to their hearts’ '
content, and the railroad -was- kept in eMcieng-
working order until every experiment Known W
“Charley” Ealson: had been tried. This exhib!
tion plensed the senior Edison greatly.
a
“Neate sea ;
“jg said when tastes pected
Were were visitors’ one fay at hin Jaboratory; to,
iom, ng usual, he wis polite, although’ busy, and
spatiently answered ;many questlona unneces:
fly shouted at him. Finally ono of the visitors,
; tof the party, said to,anathe ve!
humorist of the Pecaeked iim to ta oa drink
ee ogatd dlaon, »1lookIn alfroctly, at, tho.
on: 1}, but: no}, thank yous,
ae REM cae aaDNO
04), 88
2
es
WY. Maske frade Reviows.
.), & DEC 20 tue“.
“Ys
' ee
| EDISON UNDER COURT'S BAN,
y srry,
Must Answer Questions and Produce Contracts on
‘ Pain of Punishment, ;
On pain of being adjudged in contempt of
court, Thomas A, Edison, the inventor, has
been ordered by Judge Lacombe, in the
United States Circuit Court to answer cer- :
-tain contracts relati
of his various phonograph companies.
The inventor recently appeared as a wit-
ness before Commissioner Shields, in. the
Federal building, who sat as a master to
hear evidence in an action begun by the
New York Phonograph Co, against the
National Phonograph Co. Mr. Edison de-
“*clined to answer certain questions and fur-
ther declined to look at copies of contracts
shown him to refresh his memory, on the
ground he did not know the copies were
correct and did not intend to refresh his
memory from papers he had no way of
knowing to he exact copies of the contracts
in question,
After listening to the arguments of coun-
sel Judge Lacombe informed Mr. Edison’s
counsel his client must lay aside his invent-
ing for a reasonable time and search for
the contracts. Judge Lacombe promised
to hold a second hearing in case Mr. Edison
fails to obey the Court's mandate in a rea-
sonable length of time.
A TE
shave filed papers Sh Tes, LJ
i, The/ Automatic P} iph Cor =~
“Capital “ $1,000,060,.—tquemmernrde ey company,
Then r
matic phonographs.
ee je Pe
Arthur - Schwarzbach,: Thom
bit! fid-Bugeno-J. Gicgoryeati 5
Ma.
# to the business end:
EDISON MUST PRODUCE PAPERS
pilates, : i
Counsel for Phonograph Company
‘Tell. Court About Inventor Throw- |
i “ing Subpoena Away, | an
3° Loula Hicks, counsel for tho Now, York
‘Phonograph Company tn jte sult against
_the National Phonograph Company to de-
termine: phonograph ‘selling; rights:In this
Stato;mado,a motion in'the United Btates:
froult Court:in New York; yéasterday, that
hez court! ThidianiiAcy Fadlgon . to,
re stand =to produce’
: :
Cae
z=.
tthat ‘the In-
t posha to appear
before. Commisuloner Shields “with? the
,utmost contempt,” that he had thrown
*coples of tho’ paper to the ground when
, they were served on him and that he had
“declared he would not be dragged to New
‘York, When Mr, Edlaon did finnily. obey
vthatcommand of the court, Mr. Hicks
sald, he repeatedly refused to answer
,duestions and to produce documents
Speciiied In tho sttbpoena, dectined to re-
momber such trifles as $500,000 deals and
‘th other ways hindered the cause of Jus-
tice, . fw ga’
+ Mr. Edison's counsel sald that many of
the questions asked wero Improper, ? and
that tho-time between tho serving of the
subpoena and the date of the Inquiry was
Insuflictent, for ‘the inventor to find all tha
contracts required. Mr. Edlson, he. sald,
had dropped the-subpoena to the Bround,,
hot knowing what [t was, i
‘Judge Lacombe said tho {ime In which
Mr. idison had been notlfled to produce
the Jcontracts was too short. The court
would defer action untlt after Mr, Edi-
son's next appearance before the commis-
sioner, . eed
“Meantime, bafd Judgo Lacombe, ad-'
dressing -the clectriclan's counsel, ‘it
would bo well for you to-expiain to Mr.
Edison that, no matter how, much’ Ine
sVentlng® he.docs.ar how-much-he may, de-
:Bire to,get away from things mundane, he
must. ‘direct ‘his’ clerks or’ assistants ito
‘make diligent: search for the documents
wanted... Mba ee ss Dialed tte
——
‘courr UPHOLDS THE BIOGRAPH
PATENTS AGAINST EDISON.
4 at
everses a Deolston Declaring Them. In-;
‘{frlngements on Hts Kinctoscope andj
“Says Ho Is Not tho Ploncer_ Inventor}
~~ Wesule, WH Bote ‘Fimse!:
9 1 Sts Cor Ap=i
anded:down'a déolsign on -Monday,,
nies Sth THEOpINIO aadeiday
lates conourring,‘révoraing, a docision:
ARR cee iit against tho;
erican Mutose: - Blograph * Com=
Ys j A :
bout throo years ago Edison aued;the
. company, alleging that its machines, ‘the
. bidgraph and mutoscope were infringe-;
“mehta on the patents for his machino, the;
kinetoscopo, taken out about 1808. ‘Tho’
lower court sustained Ed{son's contention,
Tho Ciroult Court reverses tho deolsion,‘
. sustains ovory contention of tho/defendante
and instructs the lowor court to dismiss
tho suit. ;
Tho kinetescope and tho blograph are
machines for oxhibiting moving plotures,
Mr, Edison contended, among other things,
that he was the inventor of: i
An apparatus for effecting by photography,
a representation suitable for reproduotion
of a scone Including a moving object, or oh-
Jects, comprising 2-means for intermittent}
prodecting at. suck rapid rate ns to result
in persistence’ of yislon Ina ges of successive
ponltiona of the object or objects In motion
as obsorved from a fixed and alngle point o
View, A sonaltized tape-like film, and a meane
for 60 moving the film ng to causo the suoces-
‘ alve Images to he recclved thereon separately
and in o single Ine saquence, %
An unbroken transparent or translucent
tape-Ilke photographic film having thoreon
equidistant photographs of aiicoossive posi-
tlona of an object in motion, all talon from the
aame point of viow, auch photographs being
‘arrangedin o sontiauious atralght ling sequence
unlimited jn number save by the length of
the film, substantlally as described,.
Tho Court holds in offeot that Mr. Edison
didn't really invent a moving } icture mae,
chine at all. The opinion states that as
‘far back ag 1864 a Fronchman named Du Co
i made a moving picture machino which w:
For, much lilse Edison's invention, wh!
ince, another Frenchman, got a pate!
jin thia country for a similar apparat
in 1806, Then the Court says: :
It is obvions that Mr. Edison was not ¢
plonver iu fi lnrgo sonso of tho term, or
he more Himited sense In which he wou
eye beentif hoe had aleo invented tho - fi
But ho waa not tho inventor of the film, * *
Tho predecessors of Edison invented -a)
paratuy, -No new principle was to bo disco
red, ; .
- The result of the decision will be th:
‘Company will now actively push the sal
of its films, in tho sale of which Edison has
had practically a monopoly, and will: at
onee cut the price. Comiorcialiy, 20 feot:
-of--film,: containing; photographs‘ to - be}
{thrown on & soreen, now cost: from $7.50!
ito °'$10,.. The Blograph : and .'Mutoscope
epesple propose to sell that film how for sid
OF Ahem
Philadelphia
SUNT y907°
Le Sten
! » AafeOUILL..:
eadene tN
{ . a8 suffering tas * .
Swa'ig uceeptings no ithves
DECISION AGAINST EDISON.. ©: aa MAND BROKERS, -.
{: : A eae Ath nto Members Phila, Exchange
Photography of, Moving Scenes ‘Not His —cee aes pepe es
‘Invention, the Court Says. EDISON WANTS INJUNCTION ,
Photographic reproductions of}. moving
‘Bcenes were nol originated by. Thomas, A.’ Inventor ads to Laks eet
‘Edison, but dated back to 1801, according to” From Using Copy o graph. |
a decialon handed down. yesterday In the ‘Through Howard W. Hayes, Thomas
United States Cireult Court of Appeats.: A, Edison, the inventor, has filed a bill in
The ciiso was a sult brought by Mp Qdison —quity In the United States Circuit Court
‘against the American Mutoscope Compuny,: against Sigmund Lubin asking ‘that the
Jn which the inventor claimed that the | “Intter be enjoined from further alleged
{
camera used by the corporation. infringed | | infringement of the comp)ainant’s ¢opy-
z conta weanted to inn deeiston the Edl- | tight on the photograph entitled *“Chris-
gon Company will lose many thousands of | ‘toning aud Launching Kaiser Wilbelm’s
dolings fe na fester daca sn pale | Yuet Meteo.” Se
-the ; ;
polntfcaliy: Mose! upon which the royaltics According to ‘the bill of complaint tho
. t us the court. has, off}- ‘hich represents actual mo-'
aro based. and isons. right to ‘priority, photograph which represen nd:
which. the lower” court: had sustained, the tion was acenred by copyrig : {
Mhersmoving picture companies will’ now | son Inst Iebrunry. It is wleged. that
refuse to make. further puyments, © ~- .., Lubin fraudulently prepared a picture
; which ts an infringement of the copy-
right. Besides on injunction! the bil also
asks thut Lubin be compelled to minke an
accqinting of the profits growing ont of
the Tieged infringement. © oi
ee ash Pin Se eet wa
{ The United States Court of “Appeals bse Decides Against Edison.
in New York has decided that ‘Thayne ‘crane: denled the. petition of Thomas
Aw Eqglggn did not originate moving Pics jraivon for a writ of certiorari In tiretnse
tures, but ‘that “he=. simpl betWeen itmdele, and, the Mutoscope Com:
Tanlin of inventions es Herta pate Ayelet is to attirm: the decision’
In-1864 Du Cos photographed ;moving
‘objects, as did also. Marcy; in? 1882, and
Le-Prince in, 1888, : and,:that ‘each j of,
these had either: paterited or déseribed
jnc printing theZprocesses used. ;
‘court says -Mr.-Edlson improved
\hese ‘processes and: adapted thi :
<ommercial purposes. The resultz wit)
be that. Mr.- Edison* will loge, .many,
thousands of dollars royaity from, mov-
ing picture concerns: “He ig sald;
jnuch aggrieved over the: decision,:
_ Pallatentia, Pa. - POUR:
: : Pare JUN? ae Oo
rere
§ Edison Sues. for Damage
:Through Lawyer Howard”
Thomas A. Edison, the inven|
jo. much because of the money trivolved ‘ “bil in the: United‘ tates! Cir
us the Janguage cf the court, which de-.| jeuit.Lo Sigmund Lubin‘asking |
jles that ho. is..the. inyentor.- "This, njolned from :further
by thejway, Is not the first. time, Edison {
ntionst
| on:,*the. photograph 7 entitled
‘Christening .and:-Launching” Kaiser ;Wil-
‘Helm’s ‘Yacht: Meteor.” . According’ to’ the:
IDI ofcomplaint the - photograph ;
Tepresents actual motion wasisec
‘conyright:to Edison last February.
‘alleged that Lubin fraudulently‘pre;
ipleture’ which is an infringe n
ni
nited States Supreme-Cotirt yes.’
of.the lower court: adverse, to, Mn ‘Edison...
Paper _ Herald
jty New York
DatdtAR 1 2 19Gzate
EQISONS LOSE
——SH0,000 A YEAR
x
That Is Estimate of Inventor's
‘Company on Verdict in“
~ Moving Picture Suit.”
City
NY
‘
APPEAL
TO HIGHEST COURT
Py ae + o : s
Facing a loss, perhaps, of $50,000 a year’
i¢ the verdict of the United States Circittt
‘) Court stands, the Edison company “wit?
appeal to the Supreme Court of the United -
States against the decision declaring that the,
American Mutoscopoe Company had not In-”
fringéd the patents of the Edison company:
In.the manufacture and use of moving plct-
ures. Not only wilt the Edison company’
lose thousands In royalties, but also in tho
sale of films, on which there js a very great:
profit} Mr, ‘Edison {8 sald to be deeply ag-
grieved over tho decision, not so: much, be~"
causa of tha financial Joss it entafla, but bo-:
cause of the wording of the opinion and tho ®
declaration that he 1s not the Inventor.
~Itlis eatimated that up to date the: Mu:
‘toxcGpo ‘and PAdlson- compantes..have, each
spent $10,000 in fighting tho case through’
tho various courts, This deciston may, dise:
ipose of the long debated question as to who!
invented the. “moving pictures,” and, the
opinion of the court .{s that: Mr. Eaigon’|:
did. not. yee
J In summing up tts decision the court
says:—"We conclude that the court below
erred in sustatning tho valldity of the claims,
in controversy, and thot the decree thal! bo
reversed, ‘with costs, and with inatructions
ito.the court below to dismiss the bm” * ‘
«Phen the decision gocs_ on to. compare
what. Tedison..was-able to do.with his cam,
Yera with had ‘been done by each of his pred-:
goonore ‘andthe followings conclusion 18.];
{drawn:-
=o Ttes obvious that Mr.
*ploneer In
Paras
Edison was not the:
the large senso. of, the term,
sor tho moro Mmited sense In which:-he would
*have. been If he had also invented the, film.
Hel.was ‘not the inventor of tho fim. Ho
{wasinot the first Inventor of apparatus ‘ca-
tpable of producing single negatives taken:
from practically « single point of view in
\alny leline sequence upon a film Nke his and ©
fembodying tho same general means of ro-,
ytating drums and shutters for bringing tho |
‘sensitized surface across the lens and ex<:
“posing successive portions of it in ‘yap
csugzesalOnvietpated him in this, noty
°S.“"Du Cos anticipated him in js, notwith:
standing he did not use the flim, Neither:
twasthe the first inventor of apparatus cg:
tpnable of producing: auitablo negatives ‘and |
sambodying means for passing 0 sensitized
surface across a single lens camera at 1 high.
srate of Kpeed and with an intermittent, mo--)
‘tlon, and for exposing successive portions:
of. tho surface during the periods of res
FThe: predecessors Edison: invented =a)
"paratus, no new ¢C
vered, and essentially no now form of-ma-*
chine Invented in order to ‘make, the im-
. proved photographic materini available? for
, that purpose. ‘Tho- early’ inventors’ had ‘felt
a
f
1
polizatt was conceded that the effect of the
decision wo'
tovthe company would: be from $25,000 ‘to
*$00,009 a year. 5 ‘
‘At the principal offices in Oran
@omd, 1Y.Y. - Sentinel
AR 15. 1502.
MOVING PICTURE MAOMINES,
_ It iw estimated that ‘Thomas A. Edin!
Will logo between $25,000~ RTT wt
year asa result of the ‘United States Cir-,
sult Court of Appents decision to tho et-|
fect that ho hasno monopoly onthe mant-,”
(acture of moving picture machines, but:
these figures are {nsignificant compared
with the profits which the manufacturers |
of the biograph expect to make now that,
the litigation is considered ended. The
blograph, which Js probably the most suc-
ceseful contrivance yet invented for 8@
curing and projecting animatod ecenes,"
has thus far beeu used but little outaide of
,theaters nnd other places of araugement;,
pub uow that they feel sare of their.
ground on the quostion of legal right, the
makers propose to place the muchine on
the generat inarket, 60 that people, may
jie {t In thelr homes, or in business, AS
the phonograph and the graphophone are
used, ‘ if
In many offices the phonograph, haa
superseded tho stenographer, business
| nen talidag their letters into ono of these
muchines, to be {ravseribed by a type
writer operator later. ‘Tho particular fleld
of usefulness in the business world for the
biograph, and possibly other moving pic:
ture muchines, appears to be with the cour
inerelal traveler who sells machiuery and
other articles with which action ig BB
sociated, ‘There aro ulready quite a num:
ber of commercial travelers’ blographs {0
use. ‘They are sinali nud can be as con,
ventently carried as an ordinary sample
case, Instead of showing & préspective
customer photographs, & gnlesman .with
one of these machines can exhibit views
of whatever he is selling io actual opera;
tion.
While the moving picture
promises to become au important factor
In overy day Ife, the possibilites of the
same device combined with: the phono-
graph so to reproduce, {nm harnionious , re-
lation, ‘action and sound, are grenter. :
este ct eS
minohine
utiising this ’flm "(not,: however, ‘hig inven-
tion) and perfecting the firat apparatus for.
nditions necessary. for.
using it Peiccens, Thin
commercial success..This howev
entitic him under the patent inwa | eecinae
nopoly of all camera appar:
sing tho film.'':. : g
TAt the Edison company's offices dn “this:
uld be far reaching and the.logs.
Vpn
of Ne Ts
sthe need-of auch: material, but.in the a | there\was great disappolntment, ¢
\iaf ite su ply. iad either contented Ne igelves BE. Glimore, the manager, had not eae
with ‘sudh ;measure of practical success, Yaa | toxt.of the decision... it was conceded that!
‘was possible orhnd allowed thelr plans to re- if).the, daciaion was :
Unain ion paper.:-Undoubtedly, Mr, Edlson..by
outa ¢
snot~reyersed a Hl
ould {be nearer: $60,000 "titan $20,000 ae sear,
ris: ny: had:
the Jawer.court.the: Y
0} ngad twas sald:in: Orange thateae. ae?
Baia mae iesrartrct we ce
aaNet than. the: "financial. igs to; nis
pe 8 ee ee thier “ate aes
ye
tv ra
d Vsciarely
0. a° mo- +
atus capable. of;
i
1
—, WT oe oe
Weg, Can! — Hepa
"MAR 22 1902 |
"A Possibility. °
‘ it is now ciaimed that abla
+ |not invent the vitascope; that h ly:
“improved it, However that may be, it
1d not mmonnt to much until the great,
izard of Memlo Park tool hold, of
ft. If the contention that he is not.
tho original fiventor holds, then the:
royalties palo by the owners ‘of bio-:
graphs will come off, and we shall have
cheaper moving machines and more
pletures, The time may come’ when a
citizen can afford to Install one/as o
apart of his household arrangements and
"take pictures uf-all who. pass his.dom.
“elle. A gentleman who lives on a tre~ H
quented road in the suburbs of Wash-
ington writes to 2 friend, according
to the Lynn (Mass,) ‘Item, of: how ho}:
saw ‘the president and the prince ‘on
their wet ride on horseback: . ual
On the afternoon he rode with the
prestdent, 1 had had some men putting
an outict pipe In my cellar, ‘and ‘hoa |:
taken the hose out in front of the house,
to wash up the red mud they. had:
tracked all over the walk aud -steps,
had on rubber boots and a yachting ca
“gust dhen Prince Heinrich and ‘Teddy
aent by, a6 the latter has been accus- |
tomed to do pretty amuch all wiuter,
with the artillery sergeant. They. were |
Doth dripping, but they seemed to’ en-
+ joy it, It was certainly 8 most demo-
efatic pleture—if you take me in with f
the others, { was pretty wot myself,
ag it was-rolning hard.
‘On a former occasion the president,
Sceretary Hal and Gen. Wood passed
_his house, walking in the middie of the
- road, conversing earnestly. Now, for
this gontleman to have a biograph ma-
‘chine setup In his front yard: would
- be a great hiatorical undertaking, and!
if tho ‘time ever comes when they. cat
be procured at reasonable rates, * hid)
would. naturally avail himself of tlig:}
chance.. And others, In a Jess publly
environment, might be glad to emplo
_ this ‘dovicd ‘as a means of amusemen
Ealsoii low should set to sork'to- PODS
ularize,-the - -yitascon' that“overy
; have-its blo-
well equipped hous ‘may I
graph; as (t now owns its telephone. J
8 ow owns pte nce :
yu
porn ress
ded Heb, 28,
"tty Edison's Prophecies; o- +++ 12 +
! Thy prophecies OT Edison in regard: ta
Wwlieless telegraphy have been. questioned,
jhut heretofore that/gentleman hug given
ipersonab: and sueccasful attention to7thd
fullillment af his propheele: +2 His predie!
ons-were that the-average distanée fot
measaged sent by wireless telegraph. will
000. miles; that the disitenttfoacat-ane
itaiaing a high rate of apeed. by: wireles:
jtel ‘graph will be overcome; tnt method
“provided to prevent interferenc
4
be 1 éléwa: nesdages;y thi ry
i ne hy’ steams wl j
by; perforined by. el
mecpernyr ances alia
PHOTOGRAPHS BY WIRE.
ea er a il
Photographs wilt be sent by the tell
graph in Now York to-day. ner
The clectograph, a lately invented mar
chine which transmits’ half-tones ee
‘fram-photerraphs, will bo given its: Ine
int. Rew York test in tho offices of
‘Arthur Leslie, No, 102 Fulton . street,
Manhatian, this morning.
“Crude outline drawings have -.been
i mechanically transmitted by. wire. be-
‘fore, but .the electograph flashes -repro-
Muctfons: of ‘half-tone photo-engravings
laver a,thousand-mile eireult, preserving
‘ine the: Aniahed picture every photo-
{ertphic detail. ehie
Taleerwn
i 1 Tesla, who recently: wit-
nersed 'n private test, were outspoken
jTesordlog = the. unquestionable... feve-|
iment and -revolutlonary “oharacter7 of)
jthe fisctomraphe The « development, of
ithisiden- will-be of gr ‘aotioal value
Aoppublisherseg i src MRE Se,
——
——EE D
Fool: °Y: Tribtine! ioe ©
(IAPR 18.1902
an operator on the train, who happened to h
a telegraphic: instrument; in his) ogket, tapped ‘the
Me sgh shee = Fs 6s 6.05 oi Witex and aent’a. message toner stant station, Ay
ANOTHER CHICAGO PLAN TO SAVElisengora wero rencueds cAI thin: arte oes gent:
convenience) might have been averted: had the |
TIMD)| FOR BUSINESS MEN WHO! | ‘iia Great takes Becton cee, communication,
iE Uae } t *) cago andthe various lnke'ports,are fitted out
},HAVD, TO TRAVEL. «> \(.+. |.with'a telephone service, and at any. port can con-
Linteh Freesat hy, RCA arpa
Chicago, April 32. (Bpecial).—Whllo Marcont 1s om-i)) Arrangements ara being mada for experiments esl
ploying his)'genlus in developing wireless toleg- iter reopening of navigation with w! reless .toleg-|
raphy, and} those’ other wizards of actence,' ere raphy:forilaka! steamers,’ and if;;the ‘tests.
and Edlsgp,.are engaged in tho solution of equally ° between
dimcul€ electrical probloms, the less eminent’ but puccasariy HC Cod |
intensely practical electricians, who’ are very re-) ay.
sourcoful, are constantly finding now uses for tho, f et) t
; most rapid and convenient agent of communication,’
| the telephone, DUE
(It was only a short time ago that tho table itelo-
j Phone became an‘adjunct:of the restaurants whero
business an(-protessional.man ‘spend ‘afew nécegry
| Bry (moments. away | from) the busy ‘affairs of. ‘the
} day,'This'mado' the leisure time deyoted|'to lunch-)
{con a part of the business hours, for it made it
\ possible for the busy man to’ eat and attend to?
! his affairs while doing so, without any intermission,
| Now comes another development in\the telephone
| service, which promises 'to become a universal and
;indispensablo featuro of all the railways of the
‘United States, Quick communication Is as cssential
in tho operation of a railroad as is the motivo}
Power for the trains,” The Chicago and Northwest-;
ern Rajlway. recently equipped a new train, known 1
as the “Overland Limited,” for service between
this city and tho Pacific Const. The céaches, pala-
tin] {n\ furnishings and provided with overy ‘con-
venienco and comfort, are unequalled for making
travel an absolute pleasure, SEN nats NRE
But what aroused wonder more than anything,
else was the telephone service installed, an original
‘and novel feature in raflroad travel! The instru-}
| ment {s/in the observation car, “A special wire of
the local telophone company {s dropped over the ||
root of the car and run through an opening to the
instrument in the car, and by means of a “monkey,” |
or wall Jacket, connection {s:made. |The passenger
lesiring, to telephone to any part of tho city ‘or.
sommunicate with along distanco point js thus en-
abled to do so, When tho Northwestern's car tele-
plione was/tested officials of tho'road talked di-
rectly from the ‘car with’ persons in New-York
City.) Tho experiment made then demonstrated’ tho
practicability and’ convenience’ of’ the scheme. It
‘will.be ‘the plan hereafter in using the car! tele-
phone to string the special wire and‘mnake conneo-
tloniforty-five minutes before the departure of the
train, The connection will bo with the main offices:
of tho telephone companies from the terminal jsta-
tions of the Chicago and Northwestern’ roads’ in!
Chicago and San Francisco. ne Be
This innovation calls attention to tho fact: that!
many of the Western roads aro using the telephone,
almost entirely instead of the telegraph for} com-
munication between various points along the lines,
notably, for train’ dispatchers’ orders, making the!
Jatter clearer and more certain, and-less Mable to)
HD LATEST
ho new |"Overland| Limitea’"’
that the instrument in the car can bé used‘to com-
municate with any. point.on the road! when the
train) is) stopped.\)In | case) of ‘accidents. or® other
trouble’ at any place distant) from) a‘station,. the
value of ‘telephonic communication would;be; great.
This) was! demonstrated /'a\ few! days’ ago, (when\a
assenger train ‘on; the: Northe! i wes
<Saught and eld: fast tit sagen Blea de eee
oralidays. All the:occupants:of. the;jtrain C
trom'cold and hunger, and)th Swas.no/reliefuntil!
Wekeie lacy asset:
CHICAGO ‘Timm SAVER! |
tate,
; train of the Chicago| and’ North Western Ratiroad,
——
: a . od
ed
TT se a
a Pee Te
HOMAS A. BDISGN ie i phe another
smotebt: Tful invently; triumphs. After
working incessantly -for ¢ ght yoars,;ho has
perfected his ;“vacuum . jopositing process”
tor vaporizing gold and other metals.’
Tho first effect of the now invention bas been
the revolutionizing of phonograph: cylinder manu-
facture, On the first of February tho bls phono-
graph works belonging to Edison at Llewellyn, N.
J,, bogan making records by the new process,
It’ may now be said that tho perfect phonograph
is an assured fact. 4
But tho now process docs not confino itself to
_phonographic cylinder production." It enters into
gome of the widest folds of commercial endeavor.
Edison will soon be making mirrora coated with
gold and with silver, and, gold-piated windowpanes -
and lamp globes. .It will be possible: before long
to buy gold lace (apparently genulng) ‘at five cents
a yard.
Mr. Edison hag kindly permitted tho writer to
witness the results of the new vacuum process, and
to take the first photographs ever made at tho fac
_tory where the new. cylinders are being produced,
The now paonograph cylinders are made with
vapor of gold. e
Tho phonograph fs now an almost perfect instru-
ment, New vocords have nono of the Punch-and-,
sudy twang which made the old ones 80 objection-
aole, : ‘
Ono record cylinder is a8 good as another, cacu
reproduction being as parfect as the “mastor rec-
ora” which forms its original.
Employing the old mothod, it was necessary to
get one good record—termed ‘the “mastor’—and
then, from that, Gthers wero made by a process ot:
duplication on double phonographs.
This duplicating process consists in setting the |
master record on a machine Yke.a- phonograph, and
“then pincing another cylinder (having ‘0 clean, un-
marked record on it) beside it. A fina point fitted
into the master rocord, the other ‘end of which cut
: {nto the receiving cylinder. Thy {the mastor record
was literally traced by mochani&&Al, nieans upon the
new record. Saat
This cutting of one clyinder Into ianother was
. necessarily attended with many .tmperfections.. In
“the-flrst place, the little \chtves, that, did the cutting
inté the wax were always woarlng out, even though
: Bdison: mado them with blades of sapphire. :
This stone, Edison found, -was|tho. hardost known - :
i gubstance for use in this connection.’ -He oxperl-
> mented: with everything in that“line, even going to.
| the “oxtent of actually manufacturing: the cutting
‘tools ‘out of diamonds, nt ek :
: thod was never
ng:even *
tlelonget
“to
pet REPT
‘obtain moro’ than fit y
pith
‘cwhich game from a maste
e of varying,
~Phexe deflclencés:.wore: ca!
conditions of the work. |: It®
Fto-obtain a mechanically exact re.
Pfirat records -... 0.5 pono
it: impossible
jreduction, of the
Wea
in the.cylinder, «
and, when. it--
“master,” |
"Phew. 2 Repaow ae ena
The duplication process was "usp, okourge, ox
tromely slow. Working at full, capacity, ‘the v
_ chines were seldom able to turn Gut moro than thir
ty -records.taken from & master. record In ono. day.
The making of a phonographic record {8 not one
of the casiest things imaginable. Hundreds of .lit-
tle things have to be looked after. i
Tho manager of the Edison phonograph works
has supplied the writer with o description of just
how a phonograph cylinder is made. ° | f
‘In the firat placo, a cylindor ts not really wax,
as is popularly supposed, It Is a species of soap,
which, however, unlike ordinary soap, 1s not ‘af
fected by water. : .
Its principal ingredient 1s stearic acid, which
comes from the golld fats, such as tallow. -
Tho raw material for tho phonograph cylinders
reaches the factory in great chunks of white, soapy
looking stuff. ‘This material la treated by Edison's
own method, tho details of which are trade secrets.
It 1s thon carofully filtered,-and poured into
molds, these molds making the phonograph elyin- .
ders. The molds aro placed on a turntable, and boys
pull the table around, pouring tho molten cylindor-
composition from blg coffee pots Into the cylinder
molds. ‘
When a cylinder comes out.of a mold it Is in the
form of a rather thick band, four inches long by two
and one-fourth Inches In diameter, ...- °° :
Ag the cylinder is too thick at this stage to be
placed on « phonograph, ft is set on a lathe, and
shaved down to the proper thinness. “At this stage’
of the work the cylinders very frequently .break to
pieces, owing to belng suddenly chilled and strained
on the lathes. \
- Tho. lathes are ‘covered with wire netting, 80
that operators won't get tho turnings or broken
-nleces of cylinder in their eyes, ° é 3
When the cylinder comes from the lathe its out-
side surface {s smoothed down tunts! [t fs ready to
recelvo the record. ‘uls smooting process {sa done
with the utmost care, so that no: flaws will ‘appear
The cylinders being rend for reve ea
sound-Impressions, 1ecords Hee anes mae ‘iene
Regular artists come to the phonograph works to
sing, or play, Into the phonographs., ...”, | ‘
Theatrical and vaudeville stara have. se! dates
at the works, just as they ‘have thelr engagements
‘at certain theaters throughout the country.-; These |
——
‘ r Q
en Phorne Keeord ~
‘dates aro made months abead, and rogular “Edison
days" appointed, ~ : ‘
‘At ione ‘time it is a noted alnger, at another a
comic: artist, or agalu a” famous instrumentallat,
who visits the phonograph factory. Their time 13”
paw for at very high rates, a
‘It's a-pecullar thing, but many cf these artiste
—even. some of tho best-known—get .what miguc
bo called “phonographic fright." It seoms worse
than stage fright. Thoy know that thelr namo fs to
ve attached to tho cylinder, and that the voice, or
fnstrumental solo, goos all over the globe, It makes
them very nervous. :
A woman may be a great success on the stage,
but an utter faluro before the gaping mouth of a
phonograph receiver. Very frequently a poor yolce’
on the stage {s overlooked, owing to some charm
of persoual appearance. :
But, when. this woman siugs Into a phonograph,
{t doesn’t make much difference what she looks
Uke, If she has a good volco, the phonograph will
reproducd It; ff, not, the instrument docs not stand
on pollte coremony, but tells the truth, ;
The most difficult things to properly reproduce
on the phonograph aro the fomale volco and the
sound of a bass drum. The‘volce of a woman 1s
sometimes so ‘highly pltched that the sound-dent
{t makes on a phonograph cylinder is too sharp and
fine to be reproduced. s
The sound.of the bass drum, on the other hand, .
has such a long vibration that It seems to set the
whole recording. mechanism in a state of excessive
movement, which, .{t appears, falls to produce the
deslred . effect. : '
Examined under a microscope, the markings on
a phonograph: cylinder are very peculiar. There ap
* pear numerous depressed grooves, lke the furrows
of very long waves. Here and there may be seen
widenings, and deep depressions, representing the
» sounds which have tho greatest volume.
When-a record has been sung into for the first
‘time, it becomes the “master record.” From this
all other records are obtained.
. Up to this point the making of an old-style record
. and a new one are {dentical. With the old style,
however, Qs soon a8 a master wag obtained, a trac
{ng of it 2as made’on another: cylinder by a duplt-
cating machine, i : - s
. The naw Edison process Is this: When .ue mus
., ter record has been made, it fs placed In a vacuum,
. Its heldjup in -the vacuum receptacle by a sort of
i Corey. | a
Into this vacuum two wires are iutroduced, one
! connected} with the positive, the other with the
j “Negative pole ‘ora. batgery. ‘These wires are of gold,:
yand-gold. trips’ An-the vacuum ‘in. contact wit!
sed" thi cna, be
‘tho srekord cyl
pling tate 3
jot the vauum case.
f' When-he -electricity.is: turned on; and ‘t
; Charged, : Vapor 1s given off from both ‘wire:
;- and strlpy’This vapor strikes aguinst the rapldly-:
‘turning reord* cylinder..and very soon, on the face:
; Ox-the cylnder may be seen a deposit of gold in a
| very thin sheet, ae
The cylinder looks ag if it had been out in a
Bolden mist and become saturated. with golden
molsture,’| : ae Wel fa
Tho: flng .vapor of gold !s thus driven [nto_all”
the little ‘donts,and.markings—even the minutest— .
the ‘phonograph’: master cylinder. The gold’ Is
th tually conta the cylin
i{by. meroly suspending ;pleces of cottod Ince In. the
der, ag if it
Want.
‘When there is Q sufficient deposit of goid on the
cylinder, {t 1s taken out and placed {n a copper bath, |
A" deposit of ‘copper “ore-sixteenth of an inch in
thickness’ {3 electroplated on the surface of the
‘gold,
The object.in putung on the copper Js to keep
s+. gold from ‘.rerking down when other recorus
.are taken from the metal cylinder, which forms
- thus a species of matrix, or mold.
Having the metal matrix, all that [s now neces:
sary in order to obtain a record from It Is to bring
{ts surface in contact with molten wax,
Tho hot wax enters all the markings on tho gold
cy..nder, ‘Whon the wax cools and contracts away
from the cylinder, it leaves a perfect record of the
master cylinder in wax, F
As will be-scen, any number of records can now
be obtained from the gold cylinder, each one as per
fect as the others, just as one gets a number of
prints from o photographic negative. .
. The present capacity of tho Edison’ phonograph
works under the new process is 120’ records a day
of ‘any glyon “master,” as“ compared with thirty
‘records. In ‘the same time under the old process,
‘The new, records gtve ninety per cont of the sound
of the master record, as against fifty per cent from
tho old duplicating machine,
+ With ono hundred different master records em-
Rloyed slmultancously, it is possible to turn out
ten thousand records per day. .
As all records are now porfect and permanent,
a higher class of artistic talent may be eniployed .
than formerly, Artists necd no longer fear having
weir productions sont out in an fmpertect condition,
*, Edlson is sending oxperts abroad to obtain ree
ords of the best productions of musical artists, and
goon every home will have fts German or ItaHan
opera, the selections being rendered by the new
yhonographs in a way’ which Is but Ilttle inferlor to
the orlginals from whom these twentieth century
records are obtained, ; ;
~ As any substances placed Jn the Edison vacuum
ceeded In producing. some, exquisite. gold lace, -made
cylinder.’ |: ee
JLyae' ; tee Ee hed 6
*S (Copyright, 1902, ‘by W, B. Northran }
; become covered by gold vapor, the Inventor has sue- Z
4
——
wos = ww
NEW AND
OLD METHODS o
TNAKING=
PHONCGRAP H?
RECORDS,
ee
Hl i
ih
hil
a
ii ui
i
i tt i)
——
(a
(POURING | HPT
Po
WAX INTO |
Se RECORD MOULDS
Yonkers, N.Y. -Gazetts
MARY 3 19Ux
_ Herman Dick, of Chiéago, will sail for New
York from London on May “th, after an eight
months’ sojourn in the latter place, where he
represented 'Thomas ] ison in forming a com-
pany to utilize Mr Edison’s patent for oxtract-
ing iron ore and profitably working the vast de-
posits on the west const of Norway.
The company has a capital of £2,000,000.
Tts stockholders include all the principal Brit-
ish jronmasters.
_ Mr, Dick says the application of Mr, Edison’s
discovery will he one of the greatest boons pos-
sible to Great Britain, Eighty million tons of
ernde ore are already available for quarrying.
This will render Great Britain practically in-
dependent of American supplies, and will not
affect the United States, which is unable to sup-
ply its own requirements in this direction.
W.Y. Uibene.
MAY 14 1902:
CONTROL. TOOL MAGHINERY 9s. NUROPE.
“CHICAGO | CAPITALISTS “RETURN AFTER BUYING
: [3 MNGLISH PLANTS. j
* On the. steamship Kalver Wilhelm der. Grosse,
“which arrived yesterday, wero J.W. Dintloy, prest-'
dent of the Chicago Pneumatic Teo! Company, ‘and’
Edward N, Hurley, .ex-prealdent of* the “defunct.
Standard Too! Company, of Chicago, They have
been abroad’ to bny up the English ‘tool firms,’
which will become branches of the American com-;
pany. The’ Chicago firm deals mostly In pnoumatic.
dritis and riveting machines; which have not yee
been used much In England,’ Mr, Duntley sald:
We did .not succeed in*buying tho International’
Pneumatle Too) Company, of Chippenham, Wilt
shire, England, which ts the largest ‘tool firm fn
Great Britain, bu. the sale fs"as Rood as made.
The works at Chippenham’ will be kept open and’
the business run as usual, however, but I wish to
deny the report that milllons of dollars have heen
pald for machinery or that ‘any such ridiculous
sum hus changed hands in-the deal, This‘ pur-
chitge is not.ns, big a thing as the public have been
Ted to belleve, ‘and it sin no venge o tool trust.
We control’ the tool machinory of Europe, any-
way, and have no dangerous rivals anywhere.
: Herman E.. Dick, of Chicago, who has been
abroad ‘adn the ‘representative of the Elan Jron
Ore Extracting Company, also urrived on the steam-
ship, and sald that.be had succeeded In‘ acquiring
the right from the King of Norway .to work ,the
richest Jron deposits there. The Edison company,
Mr. Dick sald, hud Cor a Jong ‘time tricd to get
offers In the United States for.thelr patents on
the oro extracting: machines, -but without success.
In England,. however, ‘Mr. Dick said, a company
had .been quickly. formed, with, a capital of $10,-
lfoa
ed
THE. WESTMINSTER | GAZETTE.,
THE DUNDERLAND IRON ORE COMPANY.
Mr, LAWRENCE'S REPLY to AMERICAN CRITICISM
Mr, J. Lawrence, M,P., ihe deputy-chairman of the Dunderland
Company, wrote us from Quarleston, Newport, Mon., yesterday t
“ To the Error of Tie WESTMINSTER” Gazette.
: “¢ Sir,—In your issite of last night you publish a cable front
New York’ to the effect i t the Bethlehem Steel Company and
other large concerns have. th Econ tested Mr, Edison's crushing
and concentrating process of iron ote, but have not adopted it.
“(l can only say that ‘this statement is absolutely incccrect.
‘The only experiments with’Mr. Edison's process which were ever
made in the United States | rere experiments made by Mr. Edison
himecté.
“ Te is ridiculously absur to even suggest that any company
weuld have incurred the|.enormous expenditure of at’ least
£400,000 in money and two years of time required for erection
of machinery and have ‘ thiroughly tested’ the process. without,
Mr. Edison's knowledge an ‘Prior consent to use his patents.
‘Moreover, Mr. Edison’s greatest discovery of all—the
magnetic separation of hems tite—is less than two years old, and
was made solely in connection with the Dunderland (Nor wegian)
ore, and at the expense and in conjunction with, the Englisly
syndicate. _ .
‘* 1a common.
country, 1 have, ip
Pdurtngy thie “past fout-yeai
we are so satisfied with it.
capital to work it.
“ We are convinced of it
of the iron and steel industr
of. the leading ironmasters in thia
ities of investigating in America
aud of-Mr.- Edison's: Procesa,-and+
e ‘have had no hesitation in Bpsing.
tremendous importence to the future
ot Great. Britain. —Yours truly,
J. Lawrence."
Mr. Edison is heard for limself to-day, in the form of an inter-
view, the Central News (which issued the contested cablegram)
having sent a correspondentito ‘* the wizard’s ’ home at Orange;
New Jersey. Mr. Edison qenied the reports that large sums had
been spent by various compinics in the unsuccessful exploitation of
- his new process. The only (xpenditure, he said, had been incurred
by his own company, the Fdison Iron Ore Company, of which -he
held eighty-five per cent. of/ihe capital. Referring to the report that
Mr. ‘I'wombly had sunk =f thousands, Mr. Edison said: ‘* Mr.
‘Twombly has never had anjihing to do with concentrating iron ore
directly or indirectly, ‘TheBethichem ironworks have: never ‘used
the process, ‘Iheir only &nnexian i isas buyer of the ore, - We
have been experimenting fcr the past eight years in the ‘endeavour
sto make a commercial succes of concentrating magnetic rock con
) taining thirteen per cent, offron. Zhe Dunderland deposits contain
“Torty. per cent. Had my rth even seventeen per cent. thecompany
would be making a profit, {lam still working at the problem, Phe
only obstacle is the small ammount otironin the rock. There is no
other question, During only the last few days I have reduced the
cost of part of the process twenty cents aton, A further teduction-
‘of twehty-two.cents.a ton,tvould, render the present proccss" pralit-
able, ‘It is not a question: of machinery,’ ‘bit of the percentage: of
iron in the ore. ‘Lhe Dunderland deposits are so riélt and enormous
at all difficulties vanish, and the profits should be abnormal,’ a
nN:
\Joa
D : Ore Mh Lng i
Fedh Y, Jearna) sf Comers.
MAY. 6 1902
Three or four’ years ngo it was an-
nounced fn England that a project was
well started for the construction of a rall-
way from some iron. mines in Norway to
-the sea, the country being difficult and
tho present cost of transportation pro-
hivitory. Lately we have ‘heard nothing
of this‘project, but ft docs not seem to be.
the same one as the Dundertand’ enter-.
rise, formaily announcet, which 1s to
Atilize -Tdison's magnet’ device for con-
entrating lean ores to a point at which it
ill pay to ship them to England. Tho’
nor key on which many English
Wgltors are discussing the commercial
pects of thelr country is explained, so
{fa§ as explanation is given, by tho ap-
Prgaching exhaustion of the supplies of
com and fron ore. The coal will last 2
while yet In spite of the enormous
ratelat which it is being extracted. “*1t
has ‘long been nécessary to import ores,
but it has been Important to get them at a
cheaper rate than those of Bilbao, which.
have to make a considerable sea voyage
The .Dunderland deposits, tt is confidently .
predicted, will supply English furnace |
Men with all tho ore they will need for a!
century, and they may be supplemented ;
, by: other Norwegian deposits made ac-.
“eess{blo hy rallways... Perhaps the British
magazine writers will allow England to
remain-a factor in the. world’s manufac-
luripe for annthow wemarett-— or two,”
te . oa
_MAY, 4 190e_
IRON ORE PROM NORWAY.
LATEST PNTERPRISH OF THD BRITISH
‘MASTERS. . a
STEANERS OF THE SHIPPING COMBINATION
MAY MAKE HOLYHEAD THEIR
LANDING PORT. «+
: o
(Copyright; 3602: By The Tribune Association,) .
[8peclal to The Tribune by French’ Cable. 1
: “Londen, May 4,1 a. m.—It is many months:
inew since it was reported that a body of. Brit)
Neh: ironmasters had been attempting.
iway, with the co- -operation ce ae
“meet ‘the deterloration ‘in Bilbao ores,
.& ménsure to combat the situation created ‘py}
athe ‘establistiment’ of the United States Stent}
Corporatton. The result“ is now anhouriced™: in]
the prospectus of the Dunderland-Iron Ore Com:!
“pany, which haa been formed, with a: ‘eapital!
0f £2,000,000, to work extenslve deposita’of iron,
ore In Norway by means of Mr, Edison's proc-:
-¢a8, ‘Tho enterprise is placed before the British:
‘public, backed. by. names of power and influence.}
The chairman 1s Sir David Dale, managing di-'
“rector: of the great Pease firm, whose word 1s,
At readily” acceptable In‘ the North of: England.
/a8-a note of the Bank of England. The tech-:
inieal advisers of the company include Mr, Hdl’
‘son and Lord Kelvin, \ eee anaes
=
uartford, Conn Timed
MAY 80.1902
; Thomas AL iodisan Js going to vegin:a |
‘great electric automobile test, next i
‘Monday, using five vehicles . supplied |
by different manufacturers, Mf Eases
Ison saya : ay
Monday I will have five: automo,
‘piles in-the hills, Bach will be eaulppee
iwith the new Ilght storage ; battery
There are heavy machines and lgh
machines, each of a- different male
‘Each of these machines is to run
‘miles every day until {t hires, covera
5,000 miles. We will avold ithe’ olt
streets, The roughest roads, those wit
‘the most ‘hills and ruts and crossing
will .be chosen. My orders are to rt
with handle down, that is, to take: thy
roads at highest speed and make . ni
stops or ‘slow downa untdss for a! pass.
ing: vehicle or something. of / that. gor’
I want to.give the “battery 1a. te
greater .than any that: it AVN .meot ‘J
AGLUAL Use, Sree recente
EDISON ANTICIPAYED IN BRIPATH
me AD IN
The Central Nowa ‘nays tho interest oni sed by
the announcument of Mr. Hdison’s altegad success
jin tnventing a new storagy battery fue oluctrio
Motors bas beww very gunernl, hat tho assumption
Undorlying the cabled Feports on thia subject that
this country hes Gverything to learn froa' the
fanious American inveutor is quite unwarennted
aby the faets, Mr. Kdison wloims tr have achioved
Bkreas telumph in running a car 85 miles on ono
charge xf electriaty, but in the aucumu of last
year tha British Uleotio Mobile Company can ‘a
buavy French eleotric 020 3 dixtance of 95 ples on
tne charga with the Goitner acoumulator, ~ Tange
Novembor the seme British company, with « hghe
English “leteainctaly err, tui 209 tnilos withovs
‘rocharging, using the A BU (Opperman patenet
aocinmulatuc, Sines thon these batteries of a
ssuunlien and lighter type have Lecr ecnatantly
doing journeys of 69 to 70 mikes on all sorts nad
Cunditisins of rouds wilhout recharging, Morocten,
tthe, Edison bsteory olaims ty develop one bawe
bower por 53bz, of out, whoreas the ABO avou-
mulatur gives Sha same. result on 44lba. of cull,
Keittah manufacturers of electro-mabiles contom-
Hiate with. conlidence an early run-of 150 miles on
«ne chaigzo of battery. :
“St Patt, Mian -Disnatch, i
SUN Be 1BUd
belie feiniviirsteemesettnmeaceanane ee
3 rt
{gtectric Auton(ontig Cain Go go
ub 4 Mun Canndt Endure
if
fy Gi aga
ends" on how. tiat-pcia
Nase
——
[PHOTOCOPY]
[From Cosmopolitan, vol. 33 (May 1902)]
THOMAS ALVA EDISON,
/ Ty Cuan.us W, Price,
mex is Bfty-Avoryears of nge.
Hovan hundred and sixty-tive United
Btnter pntents hava been issued to him,
Many of these patents have been for inven-
Hons of fundamental character and have in-
fluenced and advanced industrial methods.
Edison's initial invention, in 1860, was
4 machine to record votes in congress. - It
was not adopted. It taught the inventor
one lesson: to invent and .develop only
useful things. Tho stock: ticker, in ex-
tensive uso to-day, was ono of the first of
these,
Edison, known first ns.an expert telegraph
Operator, famous for skill in sending and
taceiving messages and for the excetlence
of hla “eapy,’? at an carly day brought
fut the quadruples telegraph, his’ frat in
vantton of prime importance. It increased
thy nessage-carrying capacity of ench
telegraph wire: fourfold, and from the day
of its introduction has been in constant use
in every civilized country in the world. It
A
| SLUM IC Nas meeeenawem eee ae ice Repent digg
brought to the, public 8 marked reduction
fu telegraph tolls and to the operating
companics a vast increase in patronage,
The-carhon telephone was invented by
Edisun after a scrics of experiments. This
proved to be of great value in the develop-
ment of the telephone interests of the day.
It materially assisted in’ making: possible
telephone exchanyo service which is now
ono of the most solidly established business
cnterprises of the world, with hundreds of
millions of dollars invested in it.
The electric lighting central-stations of
the country using incandescent Iamps are
the greatest monument to Edison's zenins
and energy. Nearly all of them, particularly
in the large cities, are named for the man
who hniit the first onc, Mis work in this
field was original, far-seeing: and showed
constructive ability of the highest order.
The Edison electric tuminating companics
supply light and power as desired every
moment of the night and day throughout
JPHOTOCOPY]
CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY.
the United States and constitute one of the
safest and most attractive flelds of invest-
ment., Tho seed that bore this valuable
fruit was planted in Pearl Street, New York
city, in the year 1880, at which time the
construction of the first clectric light sta-
tion was begun. It was designed and built
. by Edison ia person, assisted by a staff of
‘loyal, confident associates, ‘For two years
he had been continuously experimenting at
Mento Park, the central-station idea hnv-
‘ing, in‘his own words, ‘‘struck him all of
a sudden in i878.’ - His work covered,
among a multitude of details,.the invention
‘and development of the incandescent lamp,’
Inmp-socket, fuse-wire, the comprehensive
. three-wire system of distribution, dynamos’
and other apparatus, all forming essentiul
parts of o complete system thnt has re-
mained the admiration of the world, but
which at that time existed only in the
* fertile brain of the inventor. The stccess
of this venture upon untrodden electrical
. paths depended on the delicate incondes-
cent lamp. It was the first requirement.
Edison made it a’ commercial, marketable
product. The demand for it now is
enormous, The largest iucandescent-lamp
factory in the world bears his name and
"+ turns out over fifty-five thousand of them
every working day of the yeur. Fifteen
. hundred emplorés are engaged in this estab-
lishment. . The fuse-wire, n small but vital
“dink in the chain comprising a complete *
system of electric lighting, is in universal
use. tis the purposely weak point, con-
venient of acecss, which guards and pro-
tects the entire pliant, one of the many
minor inventions the necessity for which
was foreseen by the alert intelligence of the
2. Mmaster-workman. The successful opera-.
“tion of the Pearl Street station began in
. 1882, and its example soon spread to all
~ parts of the world and central-station incan-
. descent electric lighting hecame an institu-
tion for all time.
In those pioneer days, Edison devoted o
great deal of time and invention to the
electric railway, and with prophetic vision
outlined its vast future. Probably one
of his keenest regrets is that ill-advised
friends persuaded ‘him to suspend this work
in favor of what they deemed, at the time,
to be of greater tmportance.
The greatest manufactory of electrical
apparatus in the world was first cstablished
by the Edison Company of Schenectady,
N. Y., and has become, with other im-
portant electrical interests consolidated and
centered there, an industry employing
eight thousand persons and having on
annual output to the value of over thirty
millions of dollars.
‘The phonograph, the beautiful device .
for recording and reproducing spoken words
and sounds which Edison invented in early
years and subsequently developed, is now
- manufactured on ‘a large scale’ under his
direct supervision. -- Its greatest field of
usefulness is apparently that of entertain-
-Inent and amusement. : It is Known and
appreciated everywhere. << )=-.:
In the magnetic separation of' ores, Edi.
son ‘nssumed o tremendous burden, for even’
after perfecting his concentrator he had
to design’n grent number of machines, ore-
crushers, pulverizers, conveyors, briquet
presses, cte., in order to make. the original
scheme operative. © The task ‘cost ‘him
years of study and two millions of dollars;
but the stubborn Scotch blood told, and he
stuck to it and now sees commercial suc-:
cess at hand. English cnpitalists have
purchased from Edison the right to operate
this ore-separating system in Norway,
and a plant with o daily output of two
thousand five hundred tons is now in course
of coustruction,
Edison's experiments have sxiouied ‘into
miny fields outside the. purely electrical.
How many times he has pursued the will-
o’-the wisp of a deluding prospect to a
stern recognition of an unfruitful ond, prob--
ably he alone can tell. A devoted student,
of chemical science, he has delighted in
delving in this fascinating ane. noble do-.
main.
tist, visiting Edison within the yenr, spoke
of some experiments he had made in a
direction that he supposed was unknown
und untried.
“Did you try this?’’ inquired Edison,
“fand did you get such a result???
The visitor was astonished. Edison had
made the experiments and, with a sure
hand, hnd@ gone direct to the heart of the -
matter and Had reached . the: same unique
result.
He would say to. all visiting inventors
It is relnted that a distinguished wane:
;
add pining”
CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY, ; 37
secking advice and encourayement: ‘I see, what have I. invented?—well, there
will listen to you, but one thing is birred was the mimeograph, and the electric pen,
—no ‘perpetual motion’ schemes will ever and the carbon telephone, and the incan-
be considered."! descent lamp and its accessories, and the
» Edison has probably been more fortunate quadruplex telegraph, and the automatic
in combining his versatile inventive ability telegraph, and the phonograph, and the
with comniercial success than any inventor kinetoscope and—I don’t know, a whole
living or dead. Not content with one .lot of other things.’’ -
achievement aud its riches, vast sums re- When asked if he thought the achieve-
ceived ‘from success in one line would be ments of the twenticth century would sur-
expended in- research and experiment in pass those of the one Just closed,. he said,
other._lines. : “with much en-
+ His private Ja- thisiasm :
boratory = -at “They cer-
Orange, N. J., tainly will, In
is lavishly the first place,
planned and. there are more
stocked with of us to work,
every known and in the
tool, withchem- second place,
ical, mineral, we know more.
metallic and The achieve-
organic sub- ment of the
¢ stances, and the past is merely
* pay-roll of the a point of de-
yast ten years parture, and
would amount you know that,
to a king's ran- in our art, ‘im-
som. With nat- possible’ is “an
~ ural bent, gen- | impossible
“ius, unflagging |f word.”?
industry, won- Edison is a
derful discern- a|true captain
ment and de- of industry.
‘liberate selec-
tion of subject,
stant, enthusi-
A| astic work, has
ever been his
Nj motto. Idle-
uess has -no
charms~ for
him, and scarce-
ly has ; recrea-
THOMAS ALVA HDISON.
To-day the : Lieto
greatest: commercial success: the storage reaching for new fields of endeavor.
battery. - p His conception is keen and searching,
Edison was recently asked to name his and he puts tho impress of progress on
princtpal inventions. He replied, charac- whatever he touches. Mny he be with,
teristically : cartes: us for many years, His achievements,
he electric lighting station; then—let me end.
Work, con- -
\ PERE OE ? + tion or. things |:
world is waiting for the practical intro- that please the palate. His analytical, «\.
duction of what may prove to be Edison’s ‘questioning and sanguine mind is ever
<{*The first and foremost: the idea of it is safe to say,.will endure to the “*
ns
TES
err rere
ante
—=
Nome,
EDSON WW ‘AN AUTOMOBILE.
RUNNING: TO'MILES AN HOUR
two big automobiles, ¢ one 0 ‘dingy, dust:
covered racer and the other a brilllant
scarlet, 42-horse-power touring vehicle,
with four seats and four monster head:
Ughts, attracted. much attention in the
centro of tho city early last evening, There
iwere four men in tho: larger carriage” and
;two in the racer,
; The whole party took dinner in town,
And while they were in the restaurant, o
curious crowd of about 100 people gathered
around inspecting the uncanny machines,
Curfosity was heightened when {t was
Jearned that Thomas A, Edison was one
of the party, and there was 1 general
craning of necko when tho sray-hatred
“wizard” came out,
The dig red machine, -in which Edtson
rode on the front seat with the owner,
belonged to E. E. Britton, of the Auto-
mobile Club of America, It is sald it
holds the world's record of its class for
speed. Tho smaller, but higher-powered
Machine was the onen on which Edouard
Fournter recently made a: mile in tess
than a minute, A member of. the party
said Inst. night .that“frequently during
the afternoon the machines went at the
rate of seventy miles an hour, Betweon
Paterson and Passaic a number of mov-,
ing pletures were taken of tho party by
agents of the Edison .KIlnetoscope Com-
pany, while they were running at. top
speed, When they arrived in town the.
occupants of the vehicle looked like some
strange bugs, with thelr protective’ gog-
gles and mouthpleces, . After dinner the;
two machines, wera sent speeding to West
Orange, where Edison Ives.
woe!
HEHEHE
EDISON ON THE WING
PICKS UP NEW IDEAS.
(i
+
SuurveuuusewsveuvewsucusecuuresveceseCcccerces cool.
Inventor Edison Ridlngzin, Mr. Britton’s French Racet.
> * {he pletures taken By “Mr. ‘James White, of the Edison Kinetoscope
. ‘Department, show the inventor and Mr.: ‘B. BH. Britton leaving the inventor's
‘laboratory in Mr. Britton’s threerton French racing putes which holds the |
world’s record for speed. POOR ae Attias Sayenm ae Gok te ePar
A
Dp ° . :
Aga ee ML
Ostrolt, Mick:-Trthune
JUN 1s 1802
* » “WIZARD” TS ¢ IS COMING,
‘Balnon Wh Explore Canadian
# “Sener ‘Conntey,
_ SAULT STE. MARIE, Mich’. Juno
ate “Thomas A, Edison ts expected here
son to stortlils summer's work in the
Canada nickel belt north of Bude
Edison cliims to havo: perfecte
| edinon “dippin 2 HANG P whi ah wiit |
indicate nccurately the prese
nickel below th. “surfaces A: care cal.
w 48 a survey under Edison's ner: <
s “Ne | nst ru ment. . : Minion wit he made of the weket"eaun:
se a . try. The party, of miners wh
Ce 7 : oar. mo accompany a the a Wizera {s Biren
: Jf, aren ; ed Seng See
Wit MAKE SURVEY OF |
COUN. JRTH-OF SUDBURY.
sont Wil Explore Canadian
“Mickel Country.
‘SAULT 8TE. MARIE,’
M.—Thomag A, Edison Sa UApected hero
goon t tart hig sumimér’s work Jn the
fanndian nickel belt north ‘of Bud-:
Edison ‘clatma to have perfected nn:
electrical “dipping” needle which wilt
indicate accurately the presence of
nickel helow the surface. A ‘careful
survey under Edigon’s personat qupere
vision wil: _ quae of.¢ha nickel coun.
try.) Tho party .of miners’ who «will
grcampany the “Wizard” 1s already
fogged. ne ae ny 4
A SdlsGil claims ‘ho’. has folved - the
,Storago battery problem for dutomo+
“plias, and that~<tho horso must :go",
Well, thero ts nothing strange In the
Jost part of the’ Proposition. Of course
“the horsa must go", ’
two cultivate him fo sand when’ he
‘doesn't: go we: gat-out “and: abuso“ him
‘and “lay ‘on". with “whip, ch
“word, Certainly - ‘the hors
we aa mora Fight than
fich., June
Wizard has’ Electric Mechanism. which -He Asserts
<4 Will Indicate. Exactly the Location of - ;
Se ; _ Nickel below the Surfacé™ a
Is
a of. uy Earth. ape
experts. to be Secured in “the Sudbury,
region. He is expected to’ arrive on
the scene of action within a-very short.
period of time and will ‘spend:a large
portion of the summer in ma ‘the
ison, the Wizard :
ade the nigkel countr!
iventor “asserts: he * has
fected - an,
Releel ° ‘belt: which is:
tically: owstied ‘by.’ either: tlic” tru
a nterests, will als
now:
st,
[présétice ‘of niek
iand. ‘Edisoit.
jedrefir
bi
suctLsS.
“Among thd ‘leading articles ar ‘Tho
‘Beet--Trust ant the Public. Jdhn' Gilmer:
(Speed; Tho Passing of “Gamailel,". E./
\Bensanitn Andrews; Invincible - Southern:
syeraen Who Struggle to Learn,: T. “Wt
Reed. G. Sumner Baskerville; The
Fdlera, Martha SteCulloch: MWwiiitamss he!
Unknown Edison, W. B, Northrop;.Amer-*
Jean =Women Artista in the Parfs Saion of!
1902,..Comtesse de Montalgu; My: lmprea-)
islons* bf: America: “Wu Ting Fang; ‘Build-]
jing! thet Panama ‘Canal, John | /My'Thurs~)
iton?:Education hy the “Way,! Hamilton?
Wrights Mabie; Tho Correct ‘Method« of;
‘Training Horses, , David, Buftum} Should;
yives SVork? Charlotte Perkina’Glimany
Tt he“ Bily ulus of Ambition, Max: x Nord)
penance etccer Won Beye ERufius)
je
owzt aut fal
r{ eh(e progkas-Da,D ‘Dogs. Reason?:! i
ay!
‘armani; The:Trut fi About My. Nav Bate
ayAxeatson:Concernin Bic!
Children ing: Herrick , Hq
epecloncessArthurr BL: J Bosty!
£Coursaia4No! ine
SuEyeN an Oy kes
mtgstontig
‘ ka for og oF
ta an, It ts. alleged tha.
: oleae C) ‘occnalonally.
oe
har Ae
ugh In; -
as
ed
Guicago, I~ Chicago Austin.
“den pe) bange! ,
ayaeren
Claims for New Storage Bat- :
éry. Which Are Ridiculous,
“Such Reports Injure the Busi-
-aness_ of Manufacturers™ of
Good Machines and Cast:
Reflection ona Real Genius,
. a
2 ‘Edteon Is. a genius automobile . ex-|
ts and every one else Bllowe, but wheth-
trie. vehicle remains to be seen. °...
judicious friends and: Wl-Informed writ-
‘are moking all’ sorts of claims for’ his
yhew storage battery, both ns to its power
‘and cost, which uot only burt Edison, but
‘do untold harm to the automobile industry
well,
icores of Ictters have been recelyed by
\the Amurican from’ prominent manufactur-
(ers, ‘of. automobiles denouncing the absurd
Felelina | “made for the Edison battery, ‘aid
qthey._ Jiistly nsk: Hoyy can Mr. Edison, cr
gany one else know that’he wiltl revolution:
‘ine ‘the automobjla lndustry® when ith:
jp Yentor, bimwtl¢ saya that bla battery is ony
pia thé experlmentni stage? :
One ridiculous statement which ts crédit-
tea to Edison ta that bis new-veblelp. will
gonty cost $150 or $200. ‘This #ialm ts absurd
jon the face of it, ns every one kuows who
{has anything tu do with the innnufaisty e
fot: these twentieth century space destroyers, |
ie In the frat place, outakle of the cost of
ithe battery and machinery, a good running
Bits can not be manufactured for ssa thay
50, while-a set of first-class tires -al
8 $60."
$e Statements ike this do untola hi
legitimate. manufacturers, as the {ll Ane}
formed say, “I will not buy n° machine,
‘now. Iwill walt and get-one of Edlqon ah
‘h or may -no materialize, ‘ine 1;
ac ‘the machine wil probably : cost
1,200 each, the same .as-some of
toa ght-poww ed earringes are selfing. for
i tmpson’ of the, Ajax: M6
‘tor Veutcle pmpan volces ‘the ‘general;
‘vontlinent jot the trade on the Edlaon- bat:
tery In the, following letter to the? Ameri.
can: ->
te“ New bite, June 6—To the Halter,
the, Amertcan—Denr Sit: Having read’
our fssue of May’ 30 an‘ luterylew. Maly
rv. Thomas | Edison settlng: forth’ the’ small!
cost -of-a very, autamobile—whieh ‘ts stoi
th i the. teak sfutute $15 re -1 wish to- aa
t+ such: statements mfalead ‘ the. pad} fe,
tne aie considerable damage to the autumo-:
bie -Industry,- asthe ordloary Feader riot!
pried In.such matters, beltey rid dca,
ti” audertions, referred ‘to. Ran teed
hai
Finjudicious Frlends and orn:
Informed Writers » Make! Sa. athe
2. Sirs Bdlson, In-suveral of.bis statement
has declared. that his Battery, te still iny
exporlmental state and that before same In}
placed on; the warket bo wil] be sure that:
antee ebt! ble pylacipal elphin belng, dara}
wie no atatement that he has mado has
he elalmed cheapness for his battery,
Pe “We all hope that the battery” vot~sir’
Edlgon ‘will reach the perfection expected,
aa it wil be one of the great factors of uy
improved automobile,
‘As-to the ‘auseriton that automoblies
ean be bullt for $150, such statements are
Fidleulous; the wheel and tires of a good
runabout ‘autamoblle cost alone more than
150 to produce, Now, when the cost of i
cia gear, body and upholstering 1s
ndded, the cost of ‘sning would reach at
Teast $500; to this must be added the cost
: oft the, moter complete, also volt meter and
: animater,
Hietery aE the smallose runsbout of
will make the em!
Xr Foe, manucacturo cost over §000 to manu:
# hink té due to manufacturars of au,
mati that Zot should pubilaa this
ter. ang ep Mahi fen: the public ag to the
falra,
he “haove figures are only caleus
ed on ‘the pannuitectnee ofa Fumavout tt It
: en seen Or
ike Fatomoblicg a should cost what thei
B ae eat fi failures in the nutomobite
iene -_ far have been directly~ cau edt
‘sale of automobiles at n price
2 ~of. production, | andy I there:
wast Ghat “inl prlcen St Food,
ee Age ae
Re eer as te SIME!
4 one
te
MA ys TS
(Ne rw0Beclleg:
Winnipeg, Man. - Tribune
_ AUN. 27
oe LTT Nea pry
invented’ ‘storage-battery:
32: 4A speed of 75 miles: an’ thou
‘easily attained in. ‘a’ properly.
constructed vehicle. There will” be
no running expense except the: cost’ ot:
current; and it will not be ‘possible |
the: streets of New York to” exHaus
tt battery in one day. The battery:
will not deterforate and ‘vill be:ca) 4
‘able , of'the same speed. throughout,”
The . main feature of my’ battery. is.
that<it is indestructible, as It) can‘
be} charged and .recharged. 7 ithout,
lsereeptible change in: materials. It is
jan fron-nickel cell,'or, in: other, wo ds!
ithe anegative pole .or positive elemer it!
hey viron and the nositive ‘polei ort the:
“negative element is a superoxid., ot:
‘horse power’ ‘hour: my: battery is: ‘only
(53.3; ‘pounds.’ per. ‘horsezpower::hour."?)-.
Ve ene
UiO a q?
on = £
HMAEYOYRA
Clestertown, Md.Citever’.
JUL _& 1903.
TALKS ‘OF FAST’ AUTOS. '
‘Thomaayiaow.Glven the fide oft
Lite—Can Bulla Machine That |
“WHI Heat the Wind,
Ag:the result ofa wild cross-coun
try ride in a big gasoline automobiic
with E. E. Britton, of the, Autume-
bilo Club of America, Thomas A. Edi-
son. is working on a new device for
his storge battery. “I learned eeveral,
important points in my ride,” said
Mr. Edison, “I have drawn plana to
| work. them ont, but f cannot make
‘them public.”
Mr. Edison's ride ended nt mid-
night, when the Britton machine rau
jinto an fron bar on the read near
Paterson and punctured a tire, A
farmer's rig was hired to take Mr.
Edison and Mr, Britton home.
“T never rode so fast in my life,”
tsnid Mr. Edison, “We speeded up and
down the avenue so rapidly that all
'T saw was a streak of trees.”
Mrk. Edison and her daughter were
next taken aboard the machine and
given the ride of their lives. *
“f can make an electric automobile
that will go so fast a man cannot sit
in it,’ Mr. Edison said. The speed of
storage machines ix unlimited. 1 am
no sport and do not care to ride fast,
:so'l don’t-think IR ever make such
a machine. It is a simple matter and
all depends, on how fast a‘man can
_ Fide and, live.”
Naws
panuae Pola Neo
ae 6 18?
EDISON BEATEN
His Experts Fail to Recovel. the
_ Fine Goldin Cunningham:
"Hill, New Mexico, . 3° |
red : uae
Judge J. D. Whitman, one of the old-
time prospectors of, the Rocky ‘mauntains,
has returned from New Mexico. “He via~
Mted-the district near Cerlllos, where Edi-
son expended $200,000 in a futile attempt
_ to catch.the fine gold of Cunningham hilt,
The Edison works'nare standing Idle, and
dt Is’ understood that he has given up the
. Attempt as hopeless, sink haslad .
to dn. speaking of the district, the Judge
sald yesterday: “Cunningham. bill “fs °a8
‘noted’ spot for the Mexicans, as they. have
: been ‘working the dry placers for several
‘hundred years,” The region. covers an
Area nlx to twelve miles.each way, and
the formation Is a puzzle which no geol-
} gplat has ever succeeded’ in unravellny.
; The country is overlaid with coarse
gravel, which carries a cement:in which
the. gold Is embedded, Edison's . expert.
was upon the ground for many weekn,
and renorted that the cement ‘on Cun-
ningham: hill and the Immediate region
carries the enormdus value of §8,000,000,-
000 In fine gold.’ Many tests gave $3 a,ton
by ordinary methods of- extraction, ‘but
the absence of water makes it Imposalhia
jto ‘work the deposits on a large scale.
The- drift carrying tho cement may + he
traced. for 200 miles through New Mexico
‘and into Southern Colorado. : It is one-of
the most remarkable formations of Amer-
foa, but defies science as successfully to-
aay as (t did when first: discovered.”
n: Judge Whitman says Mexicans may be’
Seen working on the drift with little hand:
machines operated by. menhs of a-crank,
6 dry sand Is shoveled into the machine
and the gold Is saved becauso It.{s heavier
hthan the gravel. The dirt is worked over
paeveral’ times before: all the value ‘is ex-
tracted,'the perlod between different work:
Hings 1s iusvaily two’ or three. years.’ The
"presence of fel in tho sand after. It has
ween: carefully ‘winnowed' two or. thres
fmes;:had led to the impression among
any. of the placer miners that the yellow
matalgrows from year to-year.in the
ycement,, Mexicans are seer on thelr knees
Rpettie: iy Rcraping the’ amooth ° bedrock
“brush as small as a tooth: britsh.
dis said to be entirely lacking
osits«NearxCupningham « hill
iB ‘turquoise: mines,tsome of.
Me worked’ for;800;
A Now Brotat.,Mixed | with. Trova
‘Btrongthans It, hs
: : {YR
Thames A, Batson hos mado:a dis
‘tovery which gives promise of revolu:
‘fonizing the fron business of. th,
-world,. It fa ‘nothing less than‘ a-now
‘metal, which, admixed with ‘fron, “ren:
ders cast tron as tough and atrong’ as
‘wrought fron, Tho discovery was: made
‘purely by accident. NS hele
*’ Mr, Edison has been nt work for.the,
ipnst year at tlio mines in Hdison,N.-J,¥
‘In bringing his great magnetlc:ore sep-.
‘wating process into -practical commer-)
‘lal shape, He has. practically solved]
‘the problem and-got the plant into
‘tun operation. The Inst lot ‘of. iron’
‘thippod to Catasauqua,: Pa., about.
‘month ago, developed curios chardcter-
istics, Tt was found to bo. imrosatble:
“so break tho pigs: inthe ordinary way.:
;Mr, Edison formed the theory’. that!
| here-was some hitherto unknowa aub-
stanco fn the fron which caused thé ste)
ference in tho output, ac GRY yy
' Mr, Edison declines to. say-whother:
it 1s an entirely, new metal or ono
whose existence. was hitherto 'known,!
ois having new analyses made on‘ a!
larger scalo and will not. assert. moro!
‘than he {s prepared to substantiate. - {
~"Ho says that all that romainod to bo
tone was. to ascertain the exact. pro-!
portions !n which the metal should he‘
mixed with iron to obtain the best-r
sults. Ho spoke of the wonderful rov-:
‘olution that the discovery would mak :
inthe fron world. Thousands of,.ar-!
cles which are now forged or turned,
out-on laths. or other. machnery, by 4a;
slow and expensive: process; ‘he Gays,’
will bo cast as readily us common’ cast,
.ron' articles are now. or than’
this, the new alloy will do away-with!
.the slow process of making malleable:
‘Iron, by producing at once from<the’
Melting furnace the ‘desired artleles,'
Ynot only quickly .and cheaply, ‘but
:tronger and tougher than If malleabli-}
\zed,, f Mis ake Ea wiht
i Mr, Edlson-is about to begin o sérlea}
jof exhaustive exper!ments'on the ‘new’
tmotal or- alloy to determine just’ the
{conditions most favorable to obtaining
ithe beat:results;-and, a8 soon ag those
fare ended,‘he- ‘publish to the world’
ithe detatis’of discovery, =" 2i;! :
Bina, MY. We fone
“JUN 2B. d¥0z
WILL MAKE
Up.to.two weeks ngo the nutomobile
was the mlilllonalre’s toy, But, in fulfll~
ment of; Mdison's predictions, made two
years ngo, the electrie vehicle Is now 2
‘commercini success. At the big factory
wwhich , Edison is putting up at Glen
‘Ridge, N. J., the great Inventor hopes to
‘be.soon ‘building electric moter convey-~
anées.wiltch rhalt not only carry passen-
: uit move’ freight, Edison has ac-
iplished his Inst areas lnvautlge’ Ue i
Cadevi
: if c U b] fs
usage, Edlson found that his batteries
atthe end of the elghty-five-nille run
were "as good as new,” and they, could’
be recharged linmediately without hurt,
Ing them. OrdInarlly Ty battery, when:
exhausted ‘and then quickly recharged,
loses In. effclency and never gives back:
thd same power ns ft did in the flrat in-
stance. he cheapness, of the + Rdle
nid ja the third point which the sine
Verttor emphasizes, He figures, that’ an
for..délivery- purifier
inches long by one-half Inch wide. One
cnke {8 composed of nickel and graphite,
the other of fron and graphite. The
graphite (n both cakes does not undergo
pa chemical change itself, but It fs
nly pinced.In the briquette to stimulate
chemical action, The nickel briquette Is
‘placed at the Posltive pole of the bat-
tory} the Iron at tha negative pole,
he-slmplost:otid
ws on ie, TYR
i
he’ phono-;
5 Avithiii- thet réach:
i fHe"ISdlson has a keen. eye’ for:
bufiness, he: ia something of a philan-)
throplst. Where, up ‘to this time, many
1 person could not.afford to keep a horse,
owlng not s0 much to the first price for
the animal as the cost. of matntenance,
every one will be able-te purchase an
automobile who’could buy a horse,
EDISON WORKED’ HARD. :
Edison resents the iden’ that he - “hit,
upon" his new battery, as some seem to
think, through a sort of inspiration ‘of
Senlus, . All his inventions: are Nterally |
“forced” through the hardest kind of
work. Bach invention ig Ahought out dn
every detnil, ana the Inventor apends
days and nights figuring one problem
before he gets the right of way of doing
{t; Edison haa worked incessantly at his
now storage battery for three years, even
at the cost of impaired health, His phy-;
siclans have warndéd .him that he muat
take n certain amount of exercise datly,.
must cat his meals-regularly, and must
nol overtax dis vitality. Mrs, Edison
hag taken the great inventor In hand,
Sht calls for him daily at his lnboratory,
and literally compels him to come: home:
fata’ seagonable hour.’ Qtherwise the!
: ‘fard”* would doubtless take up his:
abide in his workshop snd forget the,
World over his -; mechanicat problems, ‘
= 'l). EDISON'S: PREDICTIONS, -: «<>!
‘ison predicts that ‘in a few years)
‘elec tle vehleles will have taken: thei
places of horses for all commercial. pur- |
hosts. He also expects to attain high-
Speid records out of the electric’ auto
equipped with his new storage battery.
He days that in time the storage battery
wilifbe employed on tratns,. steamships,
atrert cars, and in every gituntion where
stesm or electric power: other ‘than from
‘batterles is now used,‘ “We
fn tom aye Ral he writer, “dennltély
Ie fa (now.an‘ assured :fac The ,second!| ‘en red“ upon the ‘electri rl
‘Breéat: point; a the. Edison battery, 1s} deyote my attention .to!
thatitidoea'); not x deteriorate:-thra: wail.of: ihe electric! vehic
tame
brings the substance of ithe: briquettes
In close contnet, with the perforated cov~,
ers. When the frames holding the bri-
quettes are placed in the potash solution
the briquettes substance ig quickly acted
upon by the sotution, and the chemical
actlon that creates electricity begins.
As the potash solution has no effect
upon nickel or ‘tron, no deterlorative
change takes place in the battery ftself,
In the old style batterles the sulphuric
acld soon cuts into the zine and lead
plates, and makes them crumble away,
‘The new Edison battery has five points
of efilclency which make it far superior
to the old style of storage battery, First,
It will do-two and one-half times as
Inuch work, weight for welght, ag the old
battery, For Instance, if an old battery
welghing 100 pounds WHI drive a vehicle
twenty miles, an Edison battery welgh-
Ing forty pounds will drive the vehicle
fifty miles. In recent tests made by Edl-
gon on the roads ‘nenr his factory, near
Glen Ridge, & battery . weighing 332
pounds has propelled 2 vehicle welghing
1,750 pounds sixty-two mites without re-
charging. The speed at the end of the
Tim was eighty-three per cent. of the
Starting speed. This i3.a remarkable‘
showing, ns an old style battery of more
than double the welght would not have
carried the same conveyance more than :
twenty-five mites;" and, -indecd, tt Is |.
doubtful J¢ the grades, which in some
cases were twelve per cent, could have
been overcome by. the heavily weighted
vehicles, ‘
| POINTS OF SUPERIORITY.
‘Another test made by Edison was to
send the.‘same.. automobile ‘eighty-five
miles over a comparatively : level road
without recharging. the battery. These,
two crucial tests have. conv!
ipal constituents: of: Edison's:| great“ti the elec
little ®, cakes,“ o: BI
‘ac atrong,resemblan
ch little cake is thred:
fad ae
f ged in connectlon with vehicles
was the ‘fact that the batteries, when
charged, could not hola suiicient power
to delve ‘the conveyances’ more than
about forty miles without being recharg-
‘ed. (If the entire power of the battery
Were used up'before the recharging was
done the battery deterlorated and would
mot perform ts work Properly. Besides,
ithe Jarring’ and swaying of thesé storage
{battery conveyances on roads made the
plates of the battery “buckle,” or bend
tout of shape, Little usage put a battery
fout of commission, and, what with cori
jstantly. reloading and repatring, the elec-
tere motor, became a mere toy. Hence it
iwas, that gasoline, naptha, ad other ex=
:plosive and I-smelling gases were found
jto be fur more servicenble than the elec-
itrlé fluld. ; Edison knew that there was
‘some way in which electricity could be
;made serviceable: in the Propulsion of
electric vehicles, Wor a Number of years
‘he has been working on the invention of
j@ Btordge battery that would stand the
itest for all’ road purposes, Setting nside
all’ precedents—as Is Edison's way when
he goes to work—he began experiment-
Jing with various metals which could be
Substituted for lead and zine, In the
ordinary battery the heavy metals lead
jand: zinc ‘are. acted upon by sulphuric
jacta. This! makes electricity, The pow-
serful acid soon cuts into the metals with:
which it 1a in contact, and the life of dhe.
thattery :t8‘brtef. AO
4@PRINCIPLES OF THE BATTERY”
us
oe
——
Omaha, Neb. - News.
yun’ BB. beve
NEW SUBWAY WILL
COVER. NE NEW YORK
sada Bolmont. B Backs . a
at io
.. EW Yori, 5 ‘Bhaniat
iN“ Correspondence.) —“Having
: _rwakened to tho_necessity.of a’
‘yapld tranalt syatem adequate. to tho’
:needs : of. the. community, New York
As‘ now'on'the way toward gotting a
‘system, ‘whieh will at an carly. date
eclipse those of elther Pairs or. Bérlth
and come within measurable distanco,
of thrt: of. London, tt ae
‘| My, August Belmont, who ting deo’
8 conspicuous promoter of-the schemo*
‘Ine Manhattan, has now ‘como forward.
‘and offered to build with priavte
-eapital and credit whatever extensions
ito. the: present subway’ system may:
‘po .deemed advisable by the Drogent,
‘commission.
‘In--the meantime Mr, Parsons, ‘thie’
‘chief: ongineer of the commission, -hds:
been” instructed ~to ‘prepare plans ‘for!
im: comprehensive interborotigh sub-"
sway system for the entire city of ‘Now:
{York, ‘which ft is estimated will; load?
toa further investment ‘of $50, 000, ,000,:
Jat the lowest figure, |: +
‘There is ho doubt that the ?n
itunnels which are being built under,
“tha North river .. for‘ the: steam and
‘electric ratlways~ will also: be made
part and parcel of tha. whole inter:
yurban: system and that within ajyear,
vér. two!-the. condition of the weather,
Evvitt cease to be taken into considoray,
eS making a trip’ between; jplaces,
riike Yonkers and ‘Jersey: Cit;
‘bush and Harlom) or’ sHobol
Astoria. .
,, Routes Are. Undecided.
ust.what routes along. whic
I be thought best to extend it would’
be difficult to surmise at the moment,”
‘although they -can bo approximately;
igelected from ‘the main’ lines ‘of the
yPresent surface traffic.’
> The principal point th i
‘achieved by this’ “Change it’ would.
(seem should bo an equalization of reat’
jestato “valiies - for’ proporty located,
fwithin the zone of” The proposed subs,
“way roads and the’ yFallet Jt, will. “give,
to. the“ mora congésted * ‘dlstricts..of.
New York City, now ‘fast’ “approach!
‘their maximum of -gapneity,
"Phe: New Yorker of the ‘year 1806
Tahould. ‘be found. dodging: about: on- his;
it ipa’ almost © nonchalantly. yoas the
‘Londoner, of, todé accomplishes 5 his’
Houraeya’ a recat eR to: Bouthwark:
from", df
D
[fog
-Holloway ..without ; (elton. seeing ‘the:
surface: or helng.:b
ot the ‘details: of €
LHe willbe: able:it- necessary, * to
havo his private conipartmont,_or’ to:
take his stenographer along, possibly’
j to get himself, shaved or .his* boots.
polished fn, transit, and .to. telephone
from certain-polnts: along tha’ “routes
: The system will finally bo the largest,
ger comprehensive. ‘Qnd, complete, in
the world... It. willbe: the apotheou!s’
‘ae vnllwav. traveling and’ comfort, the,
A a teem trang oe
embodiment: ‘ot.’ “conv: nlence .
_ speed.
ole tricity for Motive Power.
‘ The new discovery of Jdisanajn: re-5
ation. to storage batteries assures us
that }tho motive ‘power. will ‘bo
jelectricity. The . sanitary. ‘arrange:
ments will bo. such that nono of. tho
evils existing in the London under,
‘ground system will bo: tolerated.; The
successful manufacture of oxysen™ for.
commercial purposes has. solved tho
question of fresh air, which ; wilt bo
pumped through ‘tubes into the sub-
ways, while the high grade Ught sup:
plicd will turn ‘the . underground
thoroughfares practically into : “alt
light” routes, Sone
shat the advantages of: such
‘traveling facilities will bo in both: ex-
‘tyremes of weather can bo easily.
‘estimated. There will be no outdoor
tdlacomforts, but a mean average tem:
‘perature will be enjoyed both winter,
‘and'summer. There will be a stand;
“ing on exposed platforms or; Btredt:
(corners waiting for trains. 4 ce
‘Restaurants and all kinds “of!
(pactlities, even to luxurious baths, “avi
be provided at the great junction:
:ptations, which will also connect: with}
tie two great trunk lines then “run:
‘ning Into tho heart of the clty,” thi
.Pennsylvania and Now York . Central.
“With tho half-hour train from--Flat
ish to Hoboken and the fifteon-hour
train to Chicdgo which, by that?) 4timal
twill havo arrived, traveling il, “have:
‘Bet itself a new pace.and wo "shall: ‘ba,
+ getting. ready = for_tho..time,.whbn Wwe.
yactually “Bua. “fy: through; space ibys)
if wings? Instead | of-whbel
ya BERTRAM: LUBH Ath
5 Sheva eal ol abat
e ealibont a
(8 A? Balao tl
od Ohta SEPUTSSC ON ac
and made {nyulrles rogardin
of, _Automoblles. Mr, Edison sald
. iiic blues are geared up to about .¢
ial P hour,?? seid-Mrs Edieun,t
igo
‘owas asaured that he
ated,and:ho then -rode off:
ctr ae To 4 Mga
‘EDISON'S’ NEW MOTOR.
Iaveition Will Give Peet Im-
+ pétus to Autoniobile Machines, ;
et necane)
Wizard Perfects Storage Bn
“~Whieh WIL Propel Vehleled
Miles Over Avernge Road.
Wilnout Rechargl nar,
Thomas A Edison has canpuimad!
that he has solved the problems, now!
confronting automobile mianufactur-!
ers, The inventor has designed an Pelece,
trid battery which wilt run an automo
bile over average roads at high spéed
for 100 miles without recharging, and
‘which is many times lighter than any”
battery now In use, None now built’
can cover more than 85 miles without
being recharged,
This practically revolutionizea auto-,
mobile manufacturing, ‘The new ma-'
chine will be almegst nolseless, without
odor, and half ag light ag any on the
market. It will be able to traverse
long distances without trouble, and,
‘with the exception of {ts cost, will
‘make the automobile just what ita
moat ardent advocutes have prophe-
aidd,
._-“Lhave solved the automobile probs
lem," said Mr. Edison, “and the 100-
mile-without-a-charge vehicle is might
in sight.
. “What T want to see is a first-clase
Uttle automobile,” he said, “the equiv-
alent of the one horse and buggy which
every man with a fair income can eng-
ity afford to purchase now, ah
‘ "The rich, of course, can afford to
pay any price, but. what we want ina
reliable automobile within the resch
of men of litnited means, As about 98
per cent..of the population fall with-,
In the Intter cntegory, they are‘ the
people I want to see get their own au-
‘tomoblles, At present the street car.
{s the poor man’s conch, but It w! ‘a not
be so much longer,
“ “LD have been credited with: saying’
that we have put the horse out, of
business, but that is not strictly nes:
eurnte, What T intended to say. wi
that with the perfection of theelectric:
storage battery we may say goods) by)
-to the horse for commerclal purposes, |
The storage battery will propel all dee!
‘Ylvery wagons, the sphere ofits ttse-!
fulness is unlimited. T am confident!
{that electric vehicles will soon super:
‘sede all others for elty work.” oo i
7. SeM. Butler, recretnry of the Auto
{mobile Club of Amerfen, snide:
_ “The new machine, so far asl a
‘formed, greatly inerenses the stor-
‘agezenergy and deerenses the’ total
‘weight of the vehicle. At prospit elec,
Eoharged at least; ial inile
iEdigen ‘ha
fatona
——
Ww. Y. World:
. WN 80 1902
CHUFEUR GIES
4 1
i ts
‘To Provo Nerve, Doubted by
ventor, Ran Auto Inti
_,Diteh-at Full.S
Rar
i ‘sn
“THOUGHT I SAW PEARLY «7.
,. GATES BEGIN TO SWING”.
4
Now the Man Will. Have Charge of
Most Dangerous Tests of New
Storage Battery.
| Th m.2.5, ‘had a halr-ratsing
,exporiance ‘last Saturday while riding
‘In'one of the automobiles built to test.
‘his‘new electric. storage battery. - He’
‘considered it a good Joke on himeelf, and
he Jaughed yesterday in describing It
‘to a World reporter, CA
“We are specding these test automo-
.biles about the country every day,” sald
_the inventor. . eS
i “T don't intend to let a dattery be
put on the market for at least threo
months. or until I have mado a 5,000-
mile endurance tost and have discovered
{all the weak points oad rectified them.
: “Wo have gono up and down steep
jfiils,.over wood roads, through forests
‘and. ‘ave travelled miles. with two
wheels in'a cap track and the others
ron coble-stones, In fact, we've looked
for tho ‘roughest ronds In New Jeracy,
and on .three or four occasions have
had harrow escapes from catastrophes,
“s!'Three days ago I heard of « partlen-'
larly rough and dongerous road, ‘Guess
Lbhave’to go there myself,! 1 sald-.to
ono ‘of my superintendents, ‘I'd send
‘(naming one of my chaffeurs), but |
1 don't think his nerve is good,’ ee
'Taat was'an unfortunate remark, It!
nearly ‘brought nbout a distinguished
‘funeral.."I thought I saw the pearly.
-Bates begin to swing yesterday, alae y
*. “You know my house is on.tho brow}
of -a.considerable hill, It's the custom
when golng through the parle in an auto-:
imodile.to const down the hill, then ston
youd cross the deep ditches near tho.road
fata speed of not more than one or:two
miles an hour, Zi an ‘
“Chante to Prove His Nerve,
Yesterday I sent word that I. warited
ran.gutomobjle to come to the house to:
take mo‘to the factory.. It arrived, ‘and:
the. man:whore lack of nerve J hud.com-.
mented on was at the lever. Ho looked
at-me strangely as-I took my seat and
then he headed for the nhlil. Over ‘this
brow. We rushed at railroad speed) we
took'the curves-on ‘two wheels..: When
we.reached the bottom: he looked ‘at me:
Tqulezieally” and: “grabbed, ‘not. for. the.
1 valeey “Dut for: the lover. Ho shoved. it,
i
down and wo went for tho bad grounds,
atthirty-fivo miles-an hour, I grabbed’
ifor‘thé ‘seat ‘and: wondered how I'd look.
wher/the Coroner reached! me. .i.-, 2+) 3
“That machine fairly leaped,
things break,’ folt that my arma were
coming out, and that my head way ‘on a.
hinge. Thon wo stopped, In the bowels
1of the auto one battory: was reating on
tho, other, three nut “heads had been
¢ “off, some “screws "0 4
[: dn steel axle snapped. Hore: broken
ho chauffeur had tho shadow of a;
a hin faco, “He convinced mo that
A had jumped to. a wrong: conclusion
about nerve, He's got plonty, and he
(will bo in gharge of tho aching that
tor i ho J urney ee ic Worat tere
ap That experience and the experiment:
ithatihave been golng on havo convinced
me of tivo things,’ continued the in-
ventor. “One is that I did not figure
exactly right on mechanical | strength. |
‘The otter thing that impressed
the fnct that Americana have much o
learn] from Fronch manufacturers, Our
maciines do not compara .with those
made} In France. “I aent for. the mas-
alive. Mora | machine which.- Bournler
4sed:ivhen he mado his ‘greatest record,
and.J.ran it many milea about’ this por-;
jHonspt the State studying it. ‘It has ‘all
s-weight~in—the wheels and axica,
Hear the ground, where it ‘should:
e' body is Nght. ‘The Amarican
jawed works finda heavy body. Ene:
Fi a heavy" n° a
is 'avinistake.” if a ad z .
ioc. “Power of Storage Nattery.
five miles
jon -aisingle chargo hag tbeen described:
in The World, Recont tesis, he told che
reporjer, proved that tha storage bat-.
tor. gives immonse power, rate
, Homo time ago there was -a hill-
ellmbing test on the Eagle Rock Road",
‘hovsald, “‘the hill botng fully a half milo
long ‘and wvery steop.. In that contest
twenty machines wero ‘entered. Very:
fow of them reached the top of the nih,
A fow days ago I wont‘ up there with!
my:jsocond = exparimental — maichine,”
equipped with a thirty-five-cell | bat.’
tory and we asconded the hill amoothly
and. quickly. On the same day we ran
gome:.miles through sticky clay mud
alx inches deep.” -’ sant
“Is It posaldlo to develop high speed?"
tho'Inventor was asked, ss
“All a matter of gearing,” he replied.
“I can. gear a machine to. fitty miles an
hour as caosily as to fifteen.
“Lm going to put out a huge truck,"
he continued, “for the storage battery,
as destined to. supplant. horses on. mov.
ing | vans,- delivery wagons ‘and. all
(vehitles used for commercial purposes.:
iT’ place ‘three tons of plg-Iron on this
;blg.truck, gear it to ten miles.an hour
,and send. lt aver a bit of pavement that,
fis asibad. as any’ in‘ New York. “If it
‘meets nll ‘requirements It will ‘be‘but a
ishortitime. before the demand for ator.
age batteries will creata ono.of the most
enormous. Industries’ In the land.’ ..
i + Mr. Edison repeated his promlac hi
itofore snade in. The. World, thgtit..will
tbe possible for any man of modorate,
Ancome to own an automobile equipped:
with his storage battery, eS,
'“An automoblie with a twenty-one.
coll. battery,” oapadle ‘of running: elgshty,
five miles on one charge. will he aold for,
$1,060, or possibly Tess,” ho sald. t can’
‘bo kept in a $25 ‘shed. To -charge
‘$t-should rot cost more than sixty, cents,:
though. the -price of. current varies jn‘
different parts of the country. If 2 man.
witl spond $275 for a charging. set,: his’
charging iwoutd «cost him practically:
noth! ng. and ‘he can generate onough’
leurren to, Nght his house besides,” *
oF
4
‘
lait or tho crew,
r ecswam the Henin river, which fair.
$s ie iteomed with: crocodiles -as big. ga’
» Globe ‘ mn rare, sand Fentts Zanzibar gn the
- enart coast...Ho had ut One ‘su!
Mass. ‘ . othing-when-heleft-home and-he had
Boston. a se ae Won this so long that {t had Hterally
hee ‘ rotted-off, leaving him to.seck his for~
ye “PoE .tuno inya strange land Ina nude, condl-
JUL 61902 ‘
SAnstlttiig. tee
thon, + : ‘
:Clad in a sult such as tho nativos |
Wear,’ whioh was scarcely more than a
i faring “Itfo"" sald Me Murray 1 salled |
for’ New. York on a blackball Hner, 9 |.
noble ‘ship, and on reaching Gotham
: ; continued the Journey to Fall River and
: thence to Hosion, are ,
i ,i then attempted to cotaplote my
i education by attending the Phillips
aeademy at Andover, vat was: unruly
| and was expelled by Prof Stowe, hus-
band of tho late Harriet Beechor Stowe,
|
‘ ts equity te Ney ho ap acanty ‘tly loaf, he salied on o trading
weed ee, e fo 02; ship. and visited fn turn Bombay, Cat.
“GLOBE JULY 6. ..1902:.. cutta and Madras, At Zanzibar ho aaw
: Oe, ‘ gs q 7 ‘5 the famous: Livingston going Into. the 2
= oD i {nterlor and the distingulahed Rentle-
—— Te pig et ;; ‘ man entrusted the boy with lotters to
' 4 . a" are ip. ° be deitycred to Dr Maines; Livingston's
i | ee Es sushtr-in-law,. when he reached London }'
vl ; a roel “Hd. Liverpool,
; ‘ Ps!
i
- pg tit ee
‘Having become surfolted with ‘sen.|
author of "Unele Tom's Cabin.” “Thon F
yeas apprenticed to learn tho machiniat's
Fado nt the Everett machine works at
Lawrence, :
“Mv Murray kept postoMce in Dan-
verg two years and Cor a time wad no
General factotem,
. "During the exetting period of 1848 In
ie Bantiaa a esa a ean ant
acne i : vd to combat the
Joseph T, Murray, tho ject of this: marshala who were leading 2 strenuous
trical: genius and ie Petes eho: foun Mfo, Those were tho days of the un-
‘sketch, says ho {9 the
cratorina wort marched tinted uate, saree
DI iB AN apera ‘ough Boston's streeta
Thomas A, Feilisan- 38 drawing a paltry y governnient officers with artilory
pomnnd took niin to New York,.where, t
sum
«forward and behind, x-Mayor Burtu
: ntartied the world Jn fot Lynn, who took Fred Dougtass to
as, partners teutrielty. and perfecting) & ‘England, John. Greonleat Whittler and
harnoualng aresioun inventions, «a * rmyself, for Inatanee,
v
constituted one im-
. Y with rela Portone link in the underground rail.
yh Mitrray, while, ive hus veen, work: Fond system, th misaton of which was
vatem Oo! : Ne negroca to escape by a
ing on an automatic roped sya ct rout 7 ‘
% wants Uncle Sam egret route, .
toledraphy, whlch he "He gays any~ mane, ex-Mayer would pasa a cotored
one may, learn to operate It, if he ef Wing toterathndd'
A ‘ould: work my grapo-
xtremely’ alm- ving telegraph and Anal?
read fhe United Btntes could then con- ‘to Whittier at Ni
ewburyport, ‘The late
. arsenals {ter would forry the darkey tt
Rect ighthouscs, mints, forts, arsenal (Merrimac river and send hin oe ete
Pitee where the government has a sti joagte "one one HM wan I
y ; ; ‘ ae Ong occasion. was arrested b:
OEM abotltian times Mr Murray Ived tn 4
{Gen Devens, U8 marshal, charged wit
smuggling a darkoy through Boston,
He handcuffed mo arid everybody toaled
Upon me with scorn, for smuggling our
rag-time speelatists’ of today - through
iho country then was regarded a8 much
Worse chan stealing sheop: 1 manage
hto “get. where T could find some soap
ond ‘water and T washed iny hands anit
ecally that © sitpped them off and led
shot: chase, 1 ran Mke a decr.up hill
Andspanted Ike a hart. for o: cooling
patream when I: renehed the top, : Tha
Meon.was no match for me as 4 rinter,
‘a! ion I 218 gone, down hi-ho wan
Araduallv..becoming winds
ns a conductor on, the
Bomterloun “underground railroad |b .
which many negroes were MHbera oC
This, however, was a railroad in namie
only, and in those stirring times i
aa:famots as the subway of to ny he
Joseph T. Ans, Tee tgst rap father:
vin Salem May 12. .
Sfas the noted James Murray, 1 reporter:
in the U 8 senate before, the ates of Ha
Y ro were only _
Union, ietterward he was 1 fideo, ff
the ‘pollee court of Newark, y Gnd
hed ahaken bande with Overy Frente
erson Q
‘Neurray’ compl eee een atan uae
g ‘don tho histo: je
vaeaepN attended the EA eae Te Rene
Hla native piace un Jad. Fala
ents took a ‘large contract when mn f
indertooks to curb the ambitlona of this. Sar aey mage, muom, Fate dt
‘ a oeeees
Sanh eae ed. on, to North. Danvers,
[Whero! lived: Rey Mr. Watcher, a Cae |
‘Sregaticnal Jninistor,. whom To knew, at
f and“found him in the inidst of writing
youth to become a sailor, had thellled | Q:Rermon to preach to his Nock .on ths
Ite on e wave and ‘he only awatted Pabbath. I va ot out of -breath, : bug
Lhis, BATS ortunity $0 get soll, His (Etold: mt nn n had. been -frreated
the -earlles Onin or with a Brute oxterl- pind that 7 ie \eera word after nig.
Unclo was A ale Pre warm heart, and his jin fact, a ty ae had . tuckar ‘ tham
or and wi lumbering merchantman of out’. ap nae they wera way in - the
aE Raate burden. The erate was fist ;
rear, . cd a on ete
| rap Oo id ‘ :
about.to cast off for n foreign port when hide te ta rauatememan te Tagen
hoe ra ene cach and “onuciy ensconce joonaentod. q yad hot been thera long
ntoard wit Hs ah out-of-the-way cor-|: iwhen card een d evens, ar ye UP 0
ing -himse id not be observed, salled ithe. house. e lark while the mine |.
ner-so he would sledge or consent jeter. wont out to investigate, The clorgy>
Baya WILHOUE Lhe Kno oe nor ths jman did not make known my Hiding
of: his parents - of
i hater was, e0 near oy weet ee Le
0", : vake 6 a Ww vithe
eithig tog tine had tnany antics when the out-mo, Tho good minister, however,
ithe merchantman m hich had, boen lectured me severely aftor the marshal
‘eyes: of (the alipper, which io maitiont left, and when morning came L_ went
caring for hours tar ou el ao cuddeniy back: to Salem, "The frat man. met
elescone at ol ‘ r i
7 : was Nathaniel. Nawthorne, who flogged |,
‘geltAzpon the wayward nephow.. the fue me-with his cane tor getting into trou-
few for a time, 1 , \ .
boy, but ble. :
oppy moment for the Srlem ‘i aT helped aplrit away a_ great, many],
the ahtp was. ag far ot cot het there : : {ilegrées, including Bilen Croft, ‘on all
svas.no way to send the ta : most white woman, who sang for, Har.
routgolng-aut of her coe TET voyage win Yet Beacher Stowe ‘In-Lord. Lyndhurat's
#(The captain-wea-uely, the voyage wie castio “ui London. When-Bilon came to
-FOUgH. and-hirdtadk and volled duft ald Boston: ale retained ono night at the
not take:tho. piaed of p18 and cote ae | {Bouse of Theavlore Parker, tho greatest |,
mother: mado,» When: the‘ vi ‘Murray | | . Uingytet the country ever produced, ‘he |!
di decor tropical: shores. 3 one witht : ! eaememmarline tL dentn sin. to. Parkerh
Nicoremonioualv..Alaain' wey
: Noes
——
IPPC OR TSE ST Ly eS
‘with a team and .ook the distinguluhed
ginger to Concord and put her on.tne
‘Vermont railroad and sie escaped and
“went to England, ,
“Col. Thomna Wentworth Higgtnson,
who commanded the 66th colored : regt
in the war, and afterward led n brigade,
will recall a, bold attempt to break Into
the Boston courthouse and Mberatoe the
negro fugitive, Anthony Durng, A’crowd
was organized and a mammoth log pro.
cured with which to smash. in. tho door
of tho structure. Moarahal Bachelor
was shat during the rlot and Col Hig-:
ingon Jind hia head battered. 1 took
the latter to n drug stora and bad hia
‘wounds dressed, p
“In those eventful days I recalt-scelng
tho }2th Mlnss marching down ‘I'remont
at with the whole regiment singing
“John Brown's, Body.’ Col Fletcher
Webster, son of the SMustrioug Daniel
Webster, was-at the hod of the com-
mand, Young Webster wits finally killed
and buried on the tleld near where John’
Brown wis hanged. His brother, Thom.
ny Sidney Webster, who married Ham-:
ton Pisher's daughter, now ives up,
the Hudson aud rolls in wealth,
“T served iu the war, but never cared
to dwell Hpon nay military record, I en-
Moted in Worcester and was cuptain of
Co A, %th Mass, a nine months’ regt-
ment. Prior to the war IT engaged a
the wholesale and ‘retafl provision bust.
ness in. Salem, where f. bullt up quite a
lucrative trade, 1 shall always remem.
ber the timo J left Salem, for It was-the
‘day. that Gon Peabody, the philanthrop. .
fat, who loft ‘minions to tha: vouttvennd
Staten for fducatlonal Purposes, ‘dled.
n 1870 I went to New York and omed
where we
‘| farmed a partnorahip ag Edison & Murt
‘| then begun the manufacture of all
with. George Harrington, ex-secretar,
of’ the treasury. under Abraham Lin:
cotn,’ Wo worked uncensingly In pee)
fecting an automatic system of: teles-
raphy when Harrington finally sold out
his Interest to Jay Gould and went to
italy; where he fitted up an old castle .
and Hved there tke a'jord. 5 .* t
“Jny Gould had Sl percent of the
stock, or & controlling interest, which
tied me up so tightly that I could not
brenthe. Thomas As Edlson had heen:
a. (olegraph operator in Boston, dut:
had" been dlacharged, Ho was always
of an inventive turn of mind, and while
pmployed in the Boston telegraph romtice °
had successfully worked out a number
of tho products of his braln. ha ee
“E went to Boston and got Tdison and
returned to "Newark, N J
ray., Wo rented a large factory In that
city, paying $4000 n year rental, and
equipped tt with costly apparatus, and
kinds .of telegraph machinery, There
‘wa. perfected the automatic ind quad-
ruplex systom of telegraphy, printin:
telegraph instruments used fn. the atoc!
exchanges of tha country and, finally
sold, tha, patent an these machines to
the Wealorn Union telegraph company,
id Nh more than 9010. In the
and | supplic i
sinited, "Bates, besides equipping all}
rope, * ee
tAiitie: at Newark we perféectdd ‘the
carbon and Jong distance telephones,
the phonograph, or talking: machine and
the incandescent electelo ight and made
millions of moncy. At my office in New
York I now havo $1,600,000 in patents, I
‘am now Working on an indestructible
clay Jamp wick, This wick f# made of
Slay, and ‘ong of them will last as long
‘as a half mile of cotton wicking and os
long as tho ordinary Joma ‘
v, Murray is:now mating laboratory
| experiments, on an_ electrical . device,
Vwhich he expects will revolutionize the
world, Ho suys hoe has made and lost
aut mber of good sized fortunes, Ha 1s
md.ent and retiring in disposition, and
says he had nover before submitted to
an Interview although many ‘times {rm-,
portuned, Arthur. ©! Morritt.
D Err
\4on
i why 18 ‘ 1f 92.
Son, 1 Ih
; yi 281807
tae - bee
‘Bontence was suspended ‘and ahe bourd-
Cd gaat trolicy car ut nee. *
FIRB AT EDISO “WORITS.
Wise
A fire of unknown origin’ broke out un~
der tho flooring of the ‘machine shop of
the Phonograph, Works, nt about
640 this morning. ‘The West Orange Fire
Departmont was culled out and .. eX
tingulahed the flames with very ttle dam-
nee,
Tho flooring was saturated with oll, and
Chief Sheehan 1s ‘of tho opinion. that if
the alarm had been delayed thors would
have been -& conflagration atmost 08 dls-
nstrous of the Berg On... jalan enema
——
GOF CEMENT
| PLANT AT STEWARTSVILLE WAS!
“STARTED YESTERDAY: |")
t —_
Pioduct Is to Be Put Upon the” Market
os 50 Conts a Barrel—Nearly <All the:
Machincry ofthe Mill Is of Special De-
Output of s,oco Barrels a Day.
f
;
i
i
: ; eh gt
wwarteville, Ne doy, duly 29,—The bby,
ement: plant -of ‘Chomus Haison, , yyhjch
Sit fe sald, will have a marxed efféct'on., he
“Anarkety began operations today... Cet ent
fy promised, It is suid, for 50 cents a bo
a) ued
2s Dhe- consumption of hydraulie, ‘cement
ine Inereaxed i America with astonishing |
“rapidity of late years, Most of the Sees
: ment which is used in this country Is made
, herestao, although at one time there were
lirge hihportations. A very small quantity,
4s yd in. Europe in which the ‘dngred:
ents:.are combined by uature ju; Just:
tit: jropurtions ut almost all that iy now:
ashe un artificial product. te Sa!
quite sys. good ag natural . Portlt ee
nent, but itinvolves a greater expenditure
of jabor, In the United States Itt is cus=
foimnryy to mix two general: glnsses: of,
tiantorlql—a delay ‘and, imestatie.¢ Since,
thuag aubalccet vary greatly tu i erat
Fereit’ of. thescount ie. £ Hila
WNELDG waz tos wih dds
Complore intedie radi
ay its yore seyzauiounng}
? E'marl,and:tinestone-for? the
“pfunioitt, and. the Industty:
“wiqcaltendy. attaited on exteis!
opment, Sten gu aay rin
“"Mierkpecial novelty of Mr. Edison"
‘torprive is the Inrge nmnount of original mae
Jehinery] which fie empluys.” He'simplifics
‘the? process’ of making cement, inks
that: be can thus produce it mo
thanitis now made by others. ‘2! f
the):-dperations whieh. jayolve, hard Jaber.
“Other factories are here -nutomitio:s. A
care; of buildings have Deen erected here.
‘There. are of all sizes and shapess ‘and each
Nperfornjs rome special duty. ‘Lhe. quare
“ are two.and av half miles away; and
“worked by ginnt steai shovels. As
“whort ‘railway conveys the muaterint-: to
fr aviel feet fn enrs of: a novel pattern,
MWlileh fnellitate unloading. -
: 11H EDISON PROCESS.
SThexenxcend au inclined pline in the
firat building of the series and.dump their |
J contents between -rollers, which are live
+ fect du dinmeter, five fect long and make
, 200 revolutions 1 imintite. Crushed to pieces
Sfho more than half ait” inch. through, the |
rack goes to a drying house, and then too
* storehouse, preparatory to -further trent: !
mont. < Inthe storehouse the inaterin|, iy
nuinttentll ycwelalied Sumfles, ure;tak-
purely mechanical? mennd2for< tent:
? ing iin. the: In} joratory.«:‘The' chalk or ime-
vatqne Is.-kept-separate from tho, iar! Tie.
etwosheltiz.mixedzia- e-right-proportions:|
p
oa
eg “Oh ant endless belt ‘to’ the” tne grinding
-“rolls,whick, prodidce an. article that ii as)
; fine as flour. This machinery is Ike soiny:
tliat Mr. -Bdixon:had in-his-iron: ore pul-
‘ verizing works at Ogden. - SN ast
2 The ground rock next undergoes sifting
: vy A CUTIONS Process, . It is subjected’ to a!
~ Dhaest of alr wich carries the Hghter partl-
‘cles off to'n receptacle more distant than
‘that’ into which the heavier ones’ fall,
Gravitation separates’ the two. |. The
conrrer particles nre conveyed back to the
ter for further grinding. » eee
A REVOLVING FURNACE. 7%
‘4 Penbably. the most origina ‘parto£ Mri
' Edison's apparatus is his furnace’ or. kiln,
+ Dhin is nv cylinder nine feet in diameter
Nand-180 feet Jong. It is lined with. fire:
, brick, is kept rotating slowly, and one end
pis: higher than the other. The powdered
“and. nixed material gocs into one end and
“comes ont. of the other. Ihe heat: here It
j about: 8,000 dégrees Fahrenhelt, and it-ft
anfticient, to partially vitrify the rock. "Dlint
(is to say it gives it a clinkerlike character
t Another -geinding and another sifting art
ieeeasxatry betore the stuft in ready, to bi
barrelled: for storage nnd sale, 7 4
There are three 500 horse-power botlers
‘ptorohduses for, conl, numerous steam en
gines ‘for lighting, driving the belt con
Neyors and opernting the blowers, - JA..na
chine shop, and forge nrg nimong the, othe
features, of the establishment. At presen
fits. thought: that 6,000. barrela\a day, .cai
ho“turnedjon “but, the plant has, been, de
signed ‘soy 'that’ with snd y. thy
ontpyt_can be doubled.:
$
machine
. | |, EG&ives
wet
ae * gv 26 4902
ini
& Edi AAMITUG HUE aby ain eens
nily papers says that tho Edison Port-
nnd’ Cement Company's plant near
Stowartsvillo is at last ready to mannfact-
ure cement. Abont ‘600 mon havo been
ab work for over two years constructing |
‘ the twenty-sevon buildings and installing
| the pondorons ‘uimnehinery necessary.
{ The plant covers a space half a mile long
jana one-quarter of a mile wide. It has
thus far cost over a million anda half
dollars,, On Monday Jacob Bowers, of
Washington, who has charge of tho
quarry, located ovor two miles from tho
plant and connected with it by a railroad
upon which are three locomotives, puta
mammoth stenm shovel and a large force
of men at work at the quarry, On Tues-
the inventor of the patent process of
cemout manufacture, Thomas A, Edison,
_ Visited the plant, aud also the directors
nnd stockholders of the company, The
ernshor began work upon the arrival of
Mr, Edison, and an industry that will
mean much to Stewartsvillo and vicinity
was pnt in operation. Over 800 men wil)
bo employed at the start, and this foroe
gradunlly increased,
Thamas A Edison conceived the idea of
j improving upon the old process of cement-
making, and, discovering an inexhaust-
iblo deposit of coment rock nt this place,
‘he formed a company, and over two yeare
ngo commenced worl on the plant, which
is tho largest of its Isind in the United |
States, Tho machinery is built for 2.
{ capacity of 10,000 barrels per day;, but tho, :
“buildings wero mado fr avcommodut.
half that amount atcoo start, and if the
business proves successful tho plant will
Deincrensed to ity’ fullest capacity ina
few years, There are twonty-sovon
sbuildings, and tho ronsting-house is
soparate from the others, All tho others
aro: connected by a deep tunnel halfa
milo long, fifteen feot wide und twonty-
five feot deep. Tho stockhouse looks ilkke
a roof rising from tho carth, but under it |
aro two 000-feet corridors, one above tho
othor, and connected by big flues. There |
tho coment rock will bo roasted and pro-”
pared for, the reflning process. From
ithat building starts the tunnel mentioned,
“Tho raw’ material will bo conveyod’ by
meaus of an electric railroad: through the
tunnel from tho stockhouse to tho cash-
or, aid: ‘thence to the dryer. Tho tunol
is mako of solid rock walls and paved
with: concrete, Tho, dryer is_.0 simp.
‘atoue shaft twenty fect saunre and fitty
fect high. Insido ‘are a series of drying
pans. ‘ ‘
dispatch from Stewartsvillo to the |
Pp
\qoa
‘eno crusher is located in a building
four stories high, the two sides boing of
solid masonry, ton feot thick at the
bottom and five at the top. The floors
nro of steol construction. Tho machinery
is capable of crushing 25,000 barrels of
comont rock every twenty-four hours.
Tho rollers have a pressure of 100,000
pounds tothe square inch, In ordor to
get results Edison mado use of a discovery
by means of which, with the nid of
pulloys worked in connection with air
compressors, he could get tho grenut
pressure directly upon the steel rollers
with less thin 1,000 pounds pressure an
the hearings, All the cement rock will
bo transported through the tunnel as it
is moved from ono building to another.
Tho raw materind is received at the
ronsting-house, and there the coment
rock will be ronsted and prepared for the
secret roflning process invented by Edison,
and which is expected ta rovolutionize
the cement industry. Beforo the pro-
duct is again handled by hand it will,
automatically travel several miles (iraugh
the many buildings. One hundred and
twonty-five motors are used in the plant.
When the last stage of the process is
renched the cement will flow into barrels
ina building through which several rail-
road tracks pass, thus permitting the
barrels to bo louded ns fast os filled, Ail
the buildings are of steel, covered with
corrugated iron, sud painted black.
The Pohnteong Creck furnishes the
water supply, a pumphouso being located
on its bank, and a large reservoir has
beer built to hold in reserve. When the
plant is in good running order, which is
expected to be soon, twenty-five cars will
be filled with cemont overy day, and if
the present plans are successful and
carried out by additions to the plan it
will only bo x fow years before sixty cars
aro filled every day.
At presont the Alpha and Vuleanite
plants, near Phillipsburg, are turning out
about 5,000 barrels of comout a day, the
Martin’s Creek plant, car Bolvidere,
about 2,000 barrels, and the Marksboro
plant, in course of erection at Marksboro,
willadd another thousand daily. With
the Edison’s supply of 6,000 and tho pro-
posed Cnpital Portland Cemeut Com.
pany’s plant, with a capacity of 2,000
more, this section of the country will be
an important factor in tho comont indyye
try.
——
“~"Many are the suits that are , brought
LY, Hi. fr
ue
HOW HE CAUGHT EDISON.
ee aetna
‘Server Presented Subpoena When Inventor's Auto- .
*» mobile Broke Down— Suit Brought ‘by the
New York Phonograph Co, -
Had it not heen for a breakdown of his
automobile in Bloomfield on Monday after-
noon, probably Thomas A. Edison, the in-
ventor, would not have been compelled to
appear hefore Commissioner Shields in the
Federal Building to give testimony in a
suit that has been brought against him by
the New York Phonograph Co.
against Mr, Edison on account of patents
and alleged infringements. Because of this
fact, Mr. Edison has hecome “subpeena
wise.” Tle doesn't like to be bothered with
subpeenas, and his assistants and watchmen
around his premises in Orange are aware.
of it. The New York Phonograph Co, has
been trying for some time to get Mr, Edi-
son on the stand, but could not subpoena
him, Last week, the story goes, the com-
pany put several subpeenas in the hands of
special men, with instructions to be partic-
ularly vigilant, as Mr. Edison was wanted
for the hearing on Friday. One of these
subpanas was given to James L. Andem,
Jr., who knew Mr. Edison by sight. Young
Mr. Andem tried to get to the inventor otice
‘or twice, but could not. Ande was stand-
ing in front of a relative's house in Lloom-
field on Monday, when he saw an automo:
hile come whizzing along. As it approached,
he notized the driver work the levers sud-
denly. . The machine veered and came to a
sudden stop, and the driver and another man
Got out and began to investigate. Andem
recognized Mr. Edison, Stepping up to
him, he asked:
“Ts this Mr. Edison?” ,
“Speak up; I’m a little deaf,” said Mr.
Edison, holding up his hand to his ear in
trumpet fashion. *
D WAP od .
“Are you Mr. Edison?’ Andem ‘shouted.
“Yes, yes, I'm Mr. Edison. What can -
T do for you?” asked Mr. Edison,
“Just take this subpoena,’ said Andem,
thrusting it into his hand.
Mr. Edison took, the paper, and when he
saw what it was he laughed.
“Young man,” said he, “I like the up and
~ doing style of young men, I like the enter-
prise of a young man who can be on the
' spot to serve a subpoena just where his vic-
tim'’s automobile breaks down. What do-
get out of this as fees?”
“Two dollars and thirty cents,” said An-
~ dem. ,
-“Come along to that store and I'll pay
» you now,” said Mr. Edison, who had noth-
ing smaller than a $5 biti,
Andem got his money, together with a
hearty handshake from the inventor,
The New York Phonograph Co. alteges
in its complaint that Mr. Edison, in consid-
cration of $225,000, contracted several
a Phonographs and attachments in this State
during the life of the plaintiff’s contract.
‘The company asserts that there has been a
\breach. of contract, and asks for damages.
years ago to refrain from selling certain
——
Bin en Me LonceS,
|. DUNDERLAND IRON ORE.
“THE ‘STATUTORY MEETING—NOTHING TO INTERFERE
i WITH THE PROSPECTS OF THE. QOMPANY, ©
“A: genoral. meoting of the members of: tha:
Dunderiand. Iron Ore Company, Limited | (the |
statutory. meeting of the company}, was held yester- ,
day, at Winchester House, Old Broad-street, E.C.,!
‘Sir Dayid Dale, Bart. (chairman of the company),
“presiding. | ; :
‘Tho Secretary (Mr, 8, H. Pollen) having rend.
ithe notico”convening tho mesting, ae
l. “Tho Chairman said: Tho notice which has jusb
ibeen ‘read: will have ‘brought homo to you ‘that
‘this:meoting. is one convened for the purpose of
‘complying with tho statutory obligation, and tho
: report - itself will: have convinced you what tho
character of tho information is which tho statute
obliges tha: dirnctora of. tho. comnany.to lay. ha lore:
‘its shircholdors.nt such statutory‘ mectings. 1
“will havo , derived from tho ‘carlior. part of that
yoport.o knowledge that all the preference shares
of the ‘company wero applied for and allotted “in
accordancd with the obligation stated on tho. fico
of the prospoctua, Thab allotment would not bo
proceeded with unless the wholo of tho proferonce
shares were so subscribed for. Thoro 1s olso, ab
the bottom of page 6 of tho earlicr part of the
report, n stntemont of the amount of cash recoived
“by the company in respect of the proferenco shares,
and‘on thab I need only-remark that since tha
‘issuo ‘of the roport tho arrcars-hnvo been reduced
[t0'£340, of which £100 wo know will be paid
immediately; so. thot wa may take it that ‘prac-
tically there is only nboub £240 of the ‘whole
£1,000,000—tho instalment of £1 6s. per shars—
romaining unpald, while n considerable amount has
"been paid in advanco of futuro calls,’ Tho lator part
of the report, going somownat boyond tho statutory.)
obligation of tho information to be Inidt beforo
this“ meeting, gives you such meagro- information
as can alone be given at this very carly stage in-the
history of the company. You are mado aware, I
‘think, that the company has vigorously commenced
its operations, through the promoting company
the Standard Construction Corporation--aud that :
about. 1,500 men are already employed.in grading -
‘tha line and othorwiso proparing for the works,that
arg to follow. I may say that ono or. two-wharo-.
holders have written to tho secretary of the com-.,
pany ond to the gentleman wlio was kind onongh to '
act for s, time as-temporary sccretary, expressing,
as was not unnatural, some disappointment: that
tho shares. wero not slanding at n premium, or,
perhaps, oven at par, and Inquiring specifically:
whethor that.was attributable to anything that had
coma to the knowledgo.of. tho dircators likely. to
interfore with-the prospority and the prospects of
tim company 26 indicated in the prospectus. Antici-
pating any question of that sort I fool that.I.ought
G soy that nothing whatever has arjaon sinco tho
formation of the company at all.to. modify tho ox-.
reetattons in regard to this company set-forth on,
. the face, of the. prospectus.. (Applause.), You will
‘notice in the list of directors 5 namo whtich did not
‘appear in the prospectus, and IT am suro you will
‘bo: glad.that the board haa added to its number
‘the name of Mr. William. Rhodes. (Hoar, hear.)
:Mr, Rhodes’ own intorests and tho interests - of:
many. of. his moro intimate friends and. bus{noss
‘associates in the company are, T believe, consider.
‘able, and I think the boord will gain strength from
\the addition’of Mr. Rhodes to it. : (Hear, hear.) I:
?am_ndvined that the meeting is not of the character
‘to. roquira. any, resolution, to-bo submitted ito {b;:
‘but is dosigned, of course, to put sare in osscssion
ofthe statutory information, an
*of:tho directors’ to. glva.you. ay particulars out"
it is tho’ desiro;”
- D
side those that cnn‘ We reasonably afforded. But I
think you will séo that, having'kcen but n very fow-
months in oxistenca, there is very'littlo to téll you, ’
oxcopt what Ihave already mado you acquainted
with, as to tho vigour ‘with which “tho works ‘are
being prosccuted, ‘and as to nothing whatever
‘arising to ercate disappointment in your minds,
should ho glad, however, oither myself or by somo,
‘of my collcaguos who may bo botter informed on-
‘soma points than I am, to answer any questions any
‘sharcholder may desire to put, and this is now the
Opportunity of.doing so, I may add to what I havo
‘already ‘sald that tho number of. eliarcholders ia
$2,400, ‘Gnd that tho proforence’sharo-certificatés will’
‘bo. rendy for tssuo on or after August 1. Wi
{ Mr. ‘Ellison “aald ‘ho understood from’ tho pros!
“spoctts that tho Standard Construction Corporation:
Mnigotiated tlie<Dundorland “Iron Oro Company," ¥¢'
: Wished to ask whethor ‘tho’ Standard” Construction:
,Carporation existed: for tho flotation: of this com::
;Pany alono, or whethor ‘i was of a permanent,
character. If t was of n pormanent charactor he
asked whether the.prosent directors of the Dunder:
‘land Comipany, or any of. thom, woro shareholders
_in the Standard Construction. Corporation, and’
what their holdings were. Ho further dosired to,
know whether it: was o fact that the Dundorland
-property wos bought for £173,000 and sold to: the:
public for £2,000,000, It might bo raid that.it was,
not sold to tho public for- £2,000,000, because tha
publio only held: the preference shares, which
would get half of the profits ‘arising oub of the
-working of the property. He took it that the-Ore:
Milling. Syndicate were the vendors, and that thoy’
had sold tho property for practically £200,000, A
remark was made by the chairman ns to tho shares:
standing ot prosont at a discount. He supposed:
‘that was partly accounted for by tho fact that:
something ‘liko £250,000, or moro, was paid for;
the flotation, a8 the shores allotted in respect of
underwriting represented very noarly 100,000.
He presumed that these wero put on tho. market
and had forced down tho valuo of their shares for
the timo being. Hoe congratulated tho directors on
giving tha facts thoy had included in tho pro-
spectus, but thought that, if ho was right’ in his
contention, the vendors received an enormous price
for the property—-about ten -timos what was
originally paid for it. : 2 ot te
- Tho Chairman observed that somo of the ques-
lions could bo bettor answered by tho company’s
solicitor, and he would ask: that gentleman -to
reply ‘to them. fhe te con
i« Tho Solicitor snid that one of tho questions was,
which of tho directors of the Dunderland Company
wero directors of the Construction Corporation.
This was stated in the prospectus, viz., Sir David
Dale, Mr. Watson-Armstrong, Mr. Alnaworth,’
and Ar, Bayon, who wero the holders respectively
of 600, 200, 200, and 3,600 shares, 7 oa
--Tho Chairman said that ‘to provent suy misap-
prehension he would state. that- he was not o,
director of tho Standord ‘Construction Corpora--
tion. . =
Pho ‘Bolicitor added that tho directors of / the
Dundorland Company who were also directors of:
tho Standard Construction. Corporation woro Mr.
‘Ainsworth ond ate. Rhodes, the othor names being:
«those of sharcholdors. . ae oi
“Tho Chairman stated that the Dunderland Com-,
pany specially desired that thoro should bo placed |
on tho bonrd of tho Construction Corporation car- |
tain mombors of its board, in tho interests of that/
company. : : wee!
Tho Solicitor. remarked that Mr. Ellison: s Bs |
gested that the whole sum of £2,000,000 was’ paid:
for the land, properties, patonts, &c., and that:tho,
difference botween. that and the cost to the: vender,
was profit to the vendor; but there wns ona vary,
important itom which ho omitted, and that was tho |
cost of.constructing tho mill&, the. railway, .and ‘all,
the other works in. Norway which had to be, paid;
-for out: of: tho’ subscription ‘of’ preference’ capitil,”
‘and would obéorb.. the ‘areater. part: of bie He:
thought .that when Mr, Ellison saw that figuro ho:
F would agreo thot ,thera:was.a ‘good deal .of/ modi-
Ifoa Ore NM:
fication to bo'made in what ho had suggested. Tho
sharcs issued: by the contractors to tho poople whe
assisted them in underwriting tho shares wero only
ordinary shares, and they could not have heon
ut ons tho market, becnuse thoy Ind not been
dsaued. ‘The objects of the Standard Construction
Corporation wero those of contractora for public
worke, and how long that company might oxist
nono of, them could tell;- ho, however, supposed
that.it hoped to carry out moro contracts later on.
It had nothing to do with the promotion of this
company oxcept that it mado the works contract,
and, as, part of the contract, greed to pay the
various. expanses ns set out in tho prospoctus,
} ‘Sir Joscph Lawrence, M.P. (doputy-chairman) +
Tho amount of money the Standard Conatruction
Corporation will got out .of wthia undertaking .os:
ultimato profit is ostimated not to exceed £40,000,’
whereas if the contract hind been let to: an:
ordinaty firm of contractors «wo should probably
Ihave had to suffer o loss. of £200,000, The,
renson for tio creation of tho Standard Construc-
tion Corporation was, amorigst other. thingx,. that,
‘privato”contracturs would’ Ofiprgé & great deal: moro*
for’ carrying out the works than ‘would be tho:
veaso if done by those wlio: wero practically and
japecintly .agquainted with ‘this class of work. It
‘was’ to savo money for thd sharcholdors in this
‘company that many of thg men coming into it
“put up tho additional cap}tal required to form the:
‘corporation, and: all thisstrompany~ sustains the
{loss of is about. £40,000Cthnt is to say, that Is
:tho ultimate profit that qyill bo got out of it.
}Mr., Rhodes rominds mo thht another good object
‘gained by’ forming tho Corporation wna that we
‘were ablo to sccuro tho‘férvices of Mr, Edison's
‘gaff, ond eapecinlly thosdsof his chiof’ engincor.
With regard to tho Edisot Ore Milling’ Company,
-Imay say that though thoy were the pfoneers with
Mr, “Edison in this investigation, extending over
& great many years, : and havo put actual
sovereigns into the conaérn from’ the beginning,
thoy. got no profit oxcdpt in the form of paper.
If ‘the business docs not turn out well, ‘which
wo do not anticipate will bo tho citeo, thoy get
nothing but the papor,:tharo boing no cash ‘profit
ito them jn, the matter.': (Applouse.) :
1 Mr, Elson expresscd3himse.f ns” satisfied with ©
‘ithe roplies to the points,ho had raised. :
Sir Joseph Lawronce,-M.P., then proposed a voto
of thanks to the chairman, nnd in. loing so sald if
‘tharo was ona namo in England that carried’ con-
dence to those who knew anythiitg about the iron
industry:it was the namo of Sir David Dalo, and
-one ‘of the strongest assets the company possessed
‘was’ tho nesacintion of Sir David Dalo with it, Not
only that, but the ripo experience he could bring,
sto, bone on tho management of an fron, industry,
eing, a8 he was nt the present timo, the hend of
ihe most succossful business of the kind in. thls
jcountry or, abroad—viz., tho Consett Iron. “Com-
‘pany and the-Iron Ore Company—was tho strongest
/ guarantee for the. soundness and stability and the
ultimate success of this company. (Appinube.)
Tho motion. was.seconded by a, Shareholder and
agroed to, and, the Chairman having briefly .ra-
sponded, the procoedings terminated.
-—
| [PHOTOCOPY]
SE
NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW.
No. DXLVIII.
JULY, 1909.
TIE STORAGE’ BATTERY AND IIE
MOTOR CAR.
BY TIOMAS A. EDISON.
Tue final perfection of ihe storage battery, which I believe has
been accomplished, will in my opinion bring about a :multitude
of changes and jmprovements in our business and social economy,
No one of these will interest the public more just now than the
doing away with the chauffeur, the irresponsible instrument, in
the public eye at least, of so many recent accidents with auto-
mobiles.
Of the new storage battery, which was admirably described in
Warper’s Weekly Inst December, and about which 2 great many
erroneous and unauthorized statements have since been made, I
can now say that it has sustained and overcome the four thorough
tests applied to it, and it is now, at this writing, undergoing the
fifth, and last, with every prospect of the same result.
These four testc, which I will describe briefly, and this fifth now
in progress, point fo the new nickel-iron battery as being in fact
the only real storage battery known. The attempts to compare
its performance with those of the lead storage batteries, so called,
now in use in automobiles and elsewhere for lack of something
better, make it not improper to declare the facts. A real storage
battery must be reversible, like a dynamo, which converts power
into electricity and vice vorsa.
“YOL. CLAXV.—NO, 54B,
Copyright, 1909, by Tuk Noxru Auenioan Review Peatssuts Cosant, All rights reterved,
2 THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW.
A storage battery, to deserve the name, should be a perfectly re-
versible instrument, receiving and giving out power like a dynamo
motor, without any deterioration of the mechanism of conversion.
The present lead storage battery in an automobile does not mect
this condition. It gradually becomes less and less efficient and
in a few months wholly inoperative. The acid environment pre-
vents n proper mechanical construction, its chemical reactions are
of the most capricious character; it must be watched and treated
with great care—so great care, indeed, as to make it impracticable
for general use. It can be made, as far as mere weight is con-
cerned, of sufficient lightness to mect all the wants of commerce
and pleasure; but, if made light, it rapidly becomes useless.
On the other hand, the nickel-iron storage cell has an ideal
environment. Being in an alkaline solution, none of the in-
gredients is attacked by the solution in any degree. The chemical
reactions are also of the most simple and stable character. The
conditions permit of a perfect mechanical construction, and,
finally, it remains uninjured under any condition which one could
imagine, when in the hands of an inexpert. The weight can be
made to meet every exigency of commercial vehicle traction, and
up to the present time there are no signs of chemical deterioration,
even in a battery which has been charged and discharged over 700
times.
I have been working for a number of years on the problem
of a true storage battery. The experiments have been continuous
for the past three years. The above may be considered the first
stage.
Tests on the battery have been going on for over a year and a
half; this was the second stage.
The construction of chemical works and a manufacturing plant
* for the cells was the third stage.
The manufacture of standard cells from the tools is the fourth
stage.
Twenty-one cells made in the factories, weighing 332 pounds,
were placed in a Baker automobile, the total weight with two men
in the vehicle being 1,075 pounds. The vehicle made a run, on
one charge, of sixty-two miles over country roads, containing
many grades, some as steep as twelve fect in a hundred. At the
end of this run the vehicle was making eighty-three per cent. of
the original speed. The average specd over the entire distance
| [PHOTOCOPY]
STORAGE BATTERY AND MOTOR OAR. 38
‘yas 11.2 miles per hour. On a comparatively level country road
a little heavy from a recent rain, the same vehicle on one charge
came to a stop at the cighty-fifth mile.
In spite of assertions to the contrary, I think the storage bat-
tery carringe, by the aid of the new battery, will come ultimately
within the reach of the man of moderate means, Driving through
the many miles of streets in the suburbs of New York, I have been
impressed with the fact that something like cighty per cent. of
the residences have no carriage houses. The storage battery car-
ringe, with the new battery, should enable the owners of forty
per cent. of these residences to have a serviccable pleasure yehicle
at their beck and call, without hiring a conchman ic keep it clean
and run it, with no horses to cat their heads off and no oats and
hay to buy. With an initial outlay of from $700 ana upwards,
the storage battery automobile can be used once a week at the
cost of a fifty-cont charge, or twice for a dollar, and so on, the
cost of use being met as it is incurred and so ceasing to be the bug-
bear that fixed charges must always be to the houscholder of
moderate income.
Vor safe and successful use, the automobile must, in my opinion,
be made with heavier running gear, on the lines of the later
French automobiles. Especially should stability be secured in
the wheels and frame; the superstructure may be made gauzy. It
seems likely that two general types of electric carriuge will be de-
veloped, a light buggy type and a heavier touring carriage, the
battery varying accordingly.
The Frenelr types of electric carriages come nearer to my ideas
in strength and stability than any other models. This result has
been attained, of course, only by experience. At first T was in-
clined to the opinion that the French machines were abnormally
heavy; but when I study out the concussions and strains to which
they are subjected, my inclination is to make the touring carriage
even heavier still. It is surprising to me that American builders
have not more closely followed these French models, since experi-
ments costing millions must have been made to reach the present
stage.
We hear of fewer automobile accidents in France and in Europe
generally than in our own country, and they are fewer in spite
of heavy types of carringes. One renson for this is that in Europe
there are wider ronds and less traffic; another is that the public
ras
pp
one eee
ee eect Mpa ts ae chem
[PHOTOCOPY]
4 THE NORTH AMERIOAN REVIEW.
have been educated up to the situation. ‘The electric carriage of
the future, and of the near future, will in my opinion not only
supersede other types of automobiles, but it will he built and run
on such practical lines that accidents will soon become things of
the past. Horse owners and drivers will educate their animals,
as in old times they had to be cduented up to the steam engino
and Inter to the trolley car. ‘The electric carringo will be practi-
cally noiscless and easily stopped in an emergency. Above all,
it will necd no irresponsible chauffeur,
The fifth endurance test of the nickel-iron battery, which is
demonstrating that the storage battery is indecd an aecomplished
fact, is now heing made with five different models of automobiles,
in cach of which the new cells have been installed. ‘hey are of
various weights. and construction, and each of them is being run
5,000 miles over country roads, at an average distance of 109
miles per day,
If these tests shall show no loss of eapacity and no mechanical
defect in the battery, and that it is in all respects exactly the
same at the end as at the commencement, we can be reasonably
assured that at last we havo a real storage battery.
: Tuosas A, Eprson,
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[PHOTOCOPY]
[From American Monthly Review of Reviews, vol. 26 (September 1902)}
THOMAS A. EDISON AT HOME.
es HE Unknown Edison” is the title of some}
pleasant stories of the great inventor, |
contributed by Mr. W. 1B. Northrop to the Sep-
tember Success. As lute as ten years ago Mr.
Edison was still an undomesticated man, who
seemed to find his only happiness in assiduous
work, Of late years, however, he has indulged
in more and more relaxation from his toil.
The present Mrs, Edison, a second wife, is the
daughter of John Miller, who invented the famous
Miller mowing machine, and she herself hag de-
cided mechauicat ability of the creative sort, Sho
and her husband are about to patent a new de- |
vico together, She tukes a great interest in all !
of his work, and has acquired through her ssso-
ciation with him a great amount of electrical aud
mechanical knowledge, i i
TIE INVENTOR'S ANSORPTION IN Wonk.
‘An amusing story is told of the great in-
vontor’s first marriage, Shortly after the cere-
mony, he was called away to his laboratory on
an important experiment. He plunged into the
‘work. At midnight, one of his friends called to
scohim. Ho had just ‘accomplished tle object
of his labors, and was preparing to quit work.
*¢6T guess I'd better go home,’ he said, as he
i
i
1
i
!
Woe wetnhmens en inntite man teanee mes
caer ———1 eee Cate
i
[PHOTOCOPY]
B18 THE AMERICAN MONTHLY REVIEW OF REVIEWS, .-
Copyright, 1902, by W. 1, Northrop,
hurried into his cont, and jammed his hat down
on his head ; ‘you know, I was married to-day.’
‘The days:of complete absorption in work
have passed for him. His home-life has become
necessary to him. ‘Though he has had one or
two relapses of ‘ working fever,'—when he stead-
fastly refused to be moved from the laboratory
by Mrs. Edison's porsuasions,—he las reached
the period where he is glad to go to his home.
Much honor is due to the woman who has
wrought so marvelous a change in her husband.
Those who knew Mr, Edison best predicted that
his present wife would soon become o secondary
consideration in his lige. ‘They are, from all ac-
counts, mistaken,”’
THE CHILDREN HAVE TALENT, TOO.
Even little Theodore Edison, three years old,
is said to havo a strong propensity to experiment
with the wonders of his) father's Inboratory.
Charlio, cleven years old, is Thomas Edison's idol,
‘©One day hv said to his father: ‘May I havo
that old car that stands in the yard ??
‘eYes; if you will take it away and pot itup
to the house,’ said tho father, with a smilo, Ilo
MK. AND MIS. THOMAS A, EDISON.
evidently thought that such a proposition would
daunt the youthful experimenter. The Edisoa
home is about seven hundred fect from tho labo-
ratory, and stands upon a hillside, the grades
which are very steep.
‘The next day he appeared at tho laboratory \é
with an old white horse, a lot of rollers, and an-
other boy to act as his assistant. Hoe borrowed i?
from the laboratory some jack screws, and begaa}:4}
to raise the car from its short strip of track. His,
father saw the initial stages of the performance,
and wondered. Ho thought that Charlie might!
move the car across tho level rond in front of:
tho laboratory, but expected him to givo up wheal?
ho should reach tho steep hill. ‘he lad went iad
work in n masterly fashion, got his car on, ita
rollers, and moved it across tho road. By wo
carefully for several days, moving the cara
tlo ata timo, and keoping it blocked so that 3} ,
could not roll back down tho hill, tho boy grada*
ally got tho cumbersome vehicle, with its tude’
and overything elso intact, and without even'ste
a broken window, to the lawn in front of.thes¢
Edison house. 4
“But this did not satisfy him. Ho bi
——
Spears, cane Ae as
: : eg rtaigieridiorined pe decanters cesety mips oogoed
7 etic teen, eh Witewnea
[PHOTOCOPY]
Wtrack for the car, and, before many weeks, had a
Minceessful single-car railroud in operation, He
sand his boy companions experimented to their
Sqhearts' contont, and tho railroad was kept in
ficient working order until avery experiment
(known to Charlie Edison lad been tried. ‘This
exhibition pleased the senior Edison greatly,
¢, THE EDISON HOME AT LLEWELYN PARK,
b
“The Edison homo is one of the finest resi-
dences in New Jersey, and is furnished with all
‘edtho conveniences and luxuries of a modern pal-
Mico! It bears evidence of Mrs, Edison's trua
sgjtaste and skillful management. ‘The lower floor
4e6f tho house is lnid out in parlors, conservatorics,
74nd a omngnificent dining room. Ponderous
‘chandeliers, bristling with electric-light bulbs,
ng from ceilings finished in open-work beains,
exhibiting the best art of tho builder, My, Edi-
"yaon hos a fine library in his residence, though it
edocs not contain so many scientific works ns the
"library at his laboratory.
Athy ‘Tho upper floors are given up to sleoping
dfrooms and a special ‘den’ for Mr, Edison.
¥-Thero he works out his plans, and has at hand
Mitho reference books ho desires in chemistry,
‘physics, heat, light, and olectricity,
$¥"He is an early riser, and is ready for work
‘at half past six o'clock, His first daily occupa-
tion is to read the newspapers, THe is anxious
oF know if the reporters who interviewed him
wrote just what he said, for he dislikes, above
all clse, newspaper interviews that are not cor-
ret, Ilo does not like to be misquoted, ‘and is
willing to go to any amount of trouble in order
that his statements shall bo reported without
trrora, No matter how busily he may be on-
geged at the laboratory, he will stop to look over
‘an interview, and no one is more willing than lo
,kt0 set a reporter right.”
ae A WORD TO INVENTORS,
t Abies réle of tho inventor has always been a
gmitied that for ono inventor who succeeds thore
Bir at least. a thousand who fail utterly to realize
a dreams of famo and fortune,
ne
861In the Nouvelle Revue, M. Desmarest traces the
yepol and ill fortune which has attended some of
= whom the world has reason to regard as
Wamong its greatest benefactors, He points out
“with considerable shrowdness that the invention
ede is successful, and which brings its inventor
“islargo fortune, is generally some apparently in-
Frigniticant little object, which has been slabo-
Grated without very much thought or time. ‘The
vio who invented or rediscovered the safety-pin
somewhat pitiable one, and it must be ad.
i LEADING ARTICLES OF THE MONTH. . 340
mado millions of dollars, as did the inventor of
the steel pen,
TOYS THAT MAKE FORTUNES, -
The inventor of a reaily good new toy is al-
ways anre to make a considerable sum of money,
and a Jarge fortune falls to the lot of him who -
can think of some really practical and sensible
addition to an article already much in use. For-
“tune and faine attended the efforts of tho, man
whe first imagined the placing of a small piece
of india rubber on a pencil shield, As was meet
and right, © woman invented the baby carriage,
and she is said to have made about $50,000,
The French writer gives innumerable examples
of those inventors who have benefited humanity,
but who have not been very fortunate themselves,
Tho question of patents is in every country a
difficult one, and as most inventors aro unbusi-.
nesslike, 2 good iden is often exploited by 8 man,
or group of men,-who would be quite incapable
of making tho actual invention, Largo fortunes
have been made by those who have simply adapted
an already existing invention to the practical
needs of humanity. ‘here are still many things
for which the world anxiously waits, Ono is ao
noiseless typewriter; such an invention would
make its patentee rich beyond the dreams of
avarice, Another ig the dream, or rather night-
mare, of every hottlu-maker, wine and spirit
merchant, and brewer in the world,—a cork
which, by some ingenious and yet cheap arrange-
ment, would automatically lock the moment the
bottle was emptied of its contents,
THE ART OF BENJAMIN-CONSTANT,
HE late M. Bonjamin-Constant, the Prench
painter, is the subject of an appreciation
by Mr. M. H. Spiclmann in the Afaguztne of Art
for August. In reference to the artist's work in
portrait painting, Mr, Spielmann writes ;
‘It was in 1893 that his loving and exquisite
portrait of ‘My Son André,’ now in the Luxem- .
bourg Museum, gained him the honor which is
coveted by every artist of France for whom
medals have any attraction.at all. This picture
he repeated for his wifo, and it was this success
probably that gave him a-vogne as a portrait
painter, and assured him a elfentéle not in France
only, but in Amorica and England. In most of
his women’s portraits there is an opulence, an
ensemble of presentation, which is not always in
accordance with the best English taste for sim-
Plicity and modest grace ; but when he did not
uim at ‘the grand gtyle*he did extremely well.
In his men's portraits he was much the more
successful; not so much in respect of the merely
i)
Aoeeiior nea ine nve prison
Mt ball, on a charge of man
“THE “WIZARD" ON THE STAND: 4
i) A. UE » dnventor, . was
called youter ag a witness _béfora
‘Commlsstoner Shields, “sitting 128 a
‘master In an action broyght by'.the
New ‘York Phonograph Company!
‘against the National Phonograph
iCompany, the latter, being one of the
Edison companies, claiming to tiold all
ithe - selling rights for phonographs
imade under: the Inyeiitor's patents; if
‘The plaintitt’'s charge that the de-
fendant company has been selling pat-,
ented articles, consisting chiefly of the
dison’, phonographs and phonographic.
uppltes, in the State of New York,
‘hich, rights the plaintif(s contend are
8.property, The question of tie plains
ft's alleged rights fs denied by the,
: Wore
Inventor Deals Out Broad
- Smniles, but ts Chary of ‘Hig
Words in Testii ing. i:
nar heallet
bist ttle:
— hie
19: Keng: [humor |
q because’ ot nt: 1nd*contagtounismite.:
iWoen ae SrORB-cuestlongy. Suggested, a: re
be
‘National company, and much Ntigation 1/,S88 .bo token (or luncheon’ Mr,“ Edison, res
(Wl be. required to fnally settle the } “Don't mi Keop right on."
a : ‘ TT swans her smiled. and. suid che
” Mr. Edison was called by the plain- | Wanted {9 ‘bu agreeable to alt hands. afr.
‘tiff, who hoped to find out through him | Pdtson's tawyorg cast scornful looks out af
the detalts of the contracts Made since {tho windows ay ifthe very mention ar .fooa|
hig invention of, the Phonograph, Mr, { merfrented, dyspepsia or other physteat vf H
Edison proved as good a witness as ho hor
‘HOW about yo “Meg ” hia’
vas an Inventor,,and although -the law. i yous Mev Edison?” the la
mirulred, ‘
yer for the plainti constructed what doje, BO rhshe Stone, str,” he replied,
: ; a cire for any, i. eye:
zhe honed.would prove many. pitfalla, for Mt. disturbs the zonthtunes! Ot thon
ithe witness, he avojded them Without aanawiches Were sent ‘for and passed
‘diMeulty, a eres yatvas 4n an action brought «py tha New.
yor : Phonograph Company: “galnst’ the
Rt lonnr Phono; bh Company, that Mr
hat, Yas. being Pxamined. Thy Diainiirt
charges Chae tho: dofenaant company: tag
een selling Phonogranhsy and Phonographic:
miplies tn this Brate, +#foIn the rosrass
Melons ceterday, it Would seem that - the:
Ntlgntion might terminate. when a now gens
dention of Inventors ‘and huwyerg had bée’
Me iEdizon way duestiones ‘con-
I : about ‘eon.
Meta of sever, years igo and figuratively
Dieadect guilty toot Tememberin the term’
Of these transactions, He goo Mituredly
fotused to seuss them without Hrat {woes
ng.the sontract.. At ong pont the: atestion
asked WHE you accept servico of & subs
" i
ged in contempt |
arene inven- |:
in pan ot A ‘Pdlson, acombe, in :
te a ras uit Court year or
tory ited tates, Circ Pires
iy team, certaln ating. to. the,
any, to ecertalr contracts re atin pratt
produce, certln "1, various phonograpl
BUS Ne Dowdy waitin oe
ae eDles oe 3
. t
: fi 4
7 teen, eal Hod of thet . a
Detrolt, Mich.-fowmel oto aed Dag ae ng
ipeies Mean ;
‘pacetttiniy, tf tho ‘man cat vo"me," Mr,
| ‘Edlron anid, amilingly, Knowing Tine eS
©) deemed inetined, aps
«te «
i te af then replted ey ye, Hs for mig moment,. and
a eek 4 : ‘Do'you Know Jeuse H. Linpt tt ery.
1902 T haiesy iim ‘y Titvent 2
EC 15 ew im when ho Was alive,” dtp, Ea-
* DE al pnt ON replied,
: 1CAK— ot
dinon Tintes Busine tho witness’
wos on fil she-
: Ae. for sévera\ hours 1S
‘the other enor 9 e
ted Btal nited; States
ffore* Un nonorTaph
re: detail 6
ruse restion ea hem
dragt tie inventocineplledi i tt
ct EUR DOED yore @6YAIED, LIAIED
aed
Washtna oe
Westnet CTs
’ 5
: DEC: Ae 2682 .
ARMAT COMPANY WINS ITS
SUIT AGAINST WIZARD EDISON’
The Armat Motton Pleturo Company
youterday won ai iinportant suit in New
York In Sts fight agaist ‘Thomas AL
Edison. Tho intter wos enjomed™ by
idudge Lacomb, in tho ‘United Btates clr-
‘owtt court for the Southern district, fram
manufacturing, ting, or selling cortaln
j moving, pleluro fovleen now used OX-
‘densively throughaut the, United Btates.!
This doctelon | affects many thoators |
and pig-amusemont enterprises, which, ,
under Judge Laconrb'a deolston, it ta,
anid, aro now Hable for damnges ond:
an accounting to the Armat Company.
Thia sno company A fow days go won
a nuit for $160,000 damngos and 2n Ac-
counting agatust tho Amorican Muto-
scope. and Btograph: Company, ‘of New
York.
Another Important Decision Rendered. in
“New York Yesterday. | —
Mr. Melvile Church, attorne, for th
plaintiffs, yesterday. recelved Pee
IudposTacony. .of tha United States Clr-.
ou! i
urt for the, Southern distri a
‘arity (Or tas iat agatiat: homes
Edison In the case. iniwhich-the Armat!
Motion-FitturasCampany of . Washington!
awere.:plalntifts. PAUL Utigation - seeking - to;
‘ostablieh: | this. important. monopoly has!
looked forward to. tho: final. bout | with’
Ediaon as the most Intportant’ ‘manufae-:
turer’ and ‘alleged infringer tn the United’
Btntes.,
Hundreds of theaters ‘and amusciment|
enterprises throughout the country, rep-
renentatives of tho: Washington company
anys will bo affected by this decision, a3
they are all now lable for. Uamnges and
an accounting for past. profitg. .he-aame:
plaint|ffs -recontly” wan n- “Rimilay. . mult’
ae as American, Atutorcone und: Bl
"Naw Yo é
dpmages and an Of Now work for aon
Goa
W 2
Mtn Pieties, Sere eset
——
Vote UXXXVII.—No,
_ MeTAuutsnep 85, *
20.)
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
te
8 CENTS A COPY,
E $3.00 A Qian
[PHOTOCOPY]
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
‘-(Kntered at the Port OMco of Now York, N
Vt
“NEW YORK, DECEMBER 27, 1902.) i a gunee ARR
»
8 Second Class Mattor.” Copyright, 1003, by Munn & Co.
Vol, UXXXVII,
po Mavaucimiep V
Set NI
fed 1003 by Munn & Cu, *)
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
DECEMBER 27, 1902,
THOMAS ALVA EDISON,
With the commercint introduction of a radteally new
type of storage battery, public'nttention is again drawn
to the man who has done more than any other in our
” time to apply electricity to the needs of every-day life.
‘ Phere Js not an electrical instrumont, or an electrical
process now In use, but bears the mark of some grent
change wrought by the most tngenious of. Americans,
' Some brief account of ‘Thomas A, Edison, as an in-
ventor and ag & man, may not be without interest to
the renders of a journal, many of whom ure them:
aclyes Inventors, ‘To those who believe that Edison's
work Is the product of an {nspiration given by nature
‘to but few, the story of the manner in which he
achloves success wlll seem shockingly unromantle In
the genius who works by inspiration Edison has no
great falth, “Gentus is two per cont inspiration and
ninety-cight per cent persptration,” fs the Incislve, ept-
grammatic answer he once gavo to a man who thought
that 2 genius worked only when the spirit mioved him.
Yet Jt must not be supposed that Edison ig deficient in
Imagination, BEvory great Inventor must have some
thing of the poct In him; for without n most Hvely
fancy, he could never see the possibilitics of his own
creation,
If the limits of this article permitted a dfscussion
of Edison's numerous inventions, the characteristic of
commercial utility. would be found common to them
all, Not lelng glyen to scientific rhnpsodies, Edison
‘does not concern himself with what may be of servico
a century honea; he confines himself rigorously to the
needs of the present,
Knowing full well that he ts probably not the first
who has sot for himself the task In the performance of
Which he ia engaged, he reads all that fs pertinent to
his subject In the vast library which forms an tm
portant adjunct of his Inboratory. Not content with
the informatlon gathered from his own shelves, his
Mterary agent ts ordered to send lim more. If one
were to examine a cortaln revolving hookease tn Edl-
son's study at home, one could foretell what electrical
probtem Is soon to be solved in the Orange laboratory;
for in that ease are always contained the volumes
which interest him most at the time.
. After a thorough review of his subject, Wdfson be-
‘ging Inhoratory work—nn expert keenly alive to the
failures of his predecessors, cnreful to avold useless
t
|
_ [PHOTOCOPY]
Scientific American
suited hls purpose, “A man was dispatched to China
and Japan with orders to test the native bamboos. An-
other exptored the Amazon for fibers, suffering untold.
hardships and tasting no meat for a hundred and sixteen
days, A third was sent around the world, with Jnstruc-
tions to search Ceylon In particular, from the north to
the south and from the east to the west, The whole
globe was scoured, . Finaty the explorers brought
back some cighty varietics of bamboo and three
thousand specimens of vegetable fibers. Of all these,
only three or four were found avaliable,
Trial after trial was made to determine what
shapo of bulb should be adopted; what particular
quality of glass should be used; what was Uo most
offective way of exhausting the air, and what was tho
simplest method of sealing the bulb, And even after
these tasks had been performed, $t was necessary to
devise & means of generating a current of the proper
character,
In all this there ts no guessing, no trusting to luel.
Edison knows exactly what he wishes to accomplish,
and how his end is to be attained, Absolute certainty
of purpose and of method saves him from fritterIng
away his time In useless experimentation. Chance has
given perliaps an occasional idea, but it has not Hght-
ened his work, A device, whose Invention he himsel!
has attributed to aceldent, is the phonograph. He had
taken out a patent on o telegraph repeater, in which a
chisel-shaped stylus indented a sheet of paper enrled
around a e¥linder, These indented marks were to be
used in retransmitting the recorded message, "While
singing Into the mouthpiece of a telephone, the vibra-
tons of the volee sent the fina metal polnt Into my fln-
#er," he tells us. “That set me to thinking. If 1 could
record the movements of the point and send It over the
same surface afterward, I'saw no renson why the thing
would not talk. I tried the experiment. first on a strip
of telegraph paper, I shouted ‘Hello! hello!’ into the
mouthpiece, ran the paper lnek over the slee! point,
“and heard a faint ‘Hello! hello!’ in return." ‘Then
he decided to make on talking-machine, The men in
the laboratory Jaughed at him, In the end lo proved
that he was right, ,
When the first operative phonograph was completed,
Edison packed up his instriment and came to the office
of tho Scirensivic AMuntcan. Without eoremony he
placed the machine on the Editor’s desk and turned the
463 .
which have bean so long muMed, he might find it more
dificult to concentrate his mind on his worl, -
Some day a prtlent Boswell will lovingly Intersperso
in the chronicle of Edison's life-work many @ tale of
his delicate sense of humor, If there is ono thing that
Edison Joves, [t Is on rollicking story, Many a black
hour in the Inboratory has heen brightened for his
assistants by his keen wit and sparkling repartec, Oc-
sionally the outer world hears his selentifie opinion
expressed in some playful sarcasm, When asked once
by a New York State oMeial what was the best method
of electracuting murderers, le gave vent to his deep:
rooted! opposition to capital punishment in the banter:
Ing retort, “Hire out your criminals as Iinemen to the
Now York eleetrie Ighting companies.” Then he began
an exhaustive investigation whleh finally revealed the
quickest and most patniess method of electrocution,
fvery man In the laboratory who hears a good joke or
a clever remark feels [t his duty to repent it to the
“Old Man,” as Edison is affectionately called in tho
shops,
His laboratory and his plant are not so much a place ©
of business as a school of scientific Invention, of which
he {fs the master, Indeed, ‘he has ideas of dusiness
which a Wall Street man might charitably call cecen-
trie. Nowadays his business affairs are conducted by
able men, But In the days when he bullt his first plant
atNowark,and when the actual work of keeping accounts
devolved ‘partly on him, he condieted his financial
affairs in a pleturesque, nonchalant way. “I kept only
pay-roll accounts, no others,” he assures us; “received
the bills, and generally gave notes in payment, ‘The
first intimation that a note was duo was the protest,
‘after which tT had to hustle around and raise the
monoy, This snved the humbuggery of bookkeoplng,
which I never understood. ‘Nhe arrangement, besides,
possessed the advantage of belng cheaper, ag the pro-
test fees were only one dollar and a half, Notwith-
standlug this oxtraordinary method of dolng business,
everyone was willing to accept the notes and my credit
was good.” ‘The hours of work wera just as erratic
“We had no fixed hours, but the men, so far from oh
Jecting to the irregwarity, often begged to return and
complete certaln experiments, upon which they knew
my heart was espeelnily set.”
Like all successful men, Edison bas his enemies,
He has been accused of appropriating the work of
others as bis own, There fs a rumor abroad that he
_ DECEMBER 27, 902,
THOMAS ALVA EDISON.
With the commercin! introduction of a radically new
type of stornge battery, publle'attention is again drawn
to the man who has done more than any other In our
. the to apply electricity to the needs of every-day lite,
“ * ‘Where is not an olectrical lnstrament, or an electrical
process now in uge, but bears tho mark of some great
change wrought by the most ingenious of. Amerfeans,
io Some brief account of ‘Thomas A, Edison, ns an in-
ventor and as a man, may not be without interest to
the readers of a journal, many of whom are them
j solves inventors. ‘To those who hellove that Bdison's
i work Is the product of an Jnsplration given by natura
| ‘to but few, the story of the manner in whlch he
achieves success will seem shockIngly unromantic. In
the gonlus who works by inspiration Rdison has no
great faith. “Genius is two per cent Inspiration and
ninety-elght per cent perspiration,” is the Incisive, ep!-
grammatic answer he once gave to a2 man who thought
that a gonius worked only when tha spirit moved hin,
Yet It must not be supposed that Edison [s deticient In
imagination, Every great tnventor must have some-
thing of tho poot In him; for without a most lvely
faney, he could never seo the posalbiliifes of his own
ereatlon,
Tf the limits of thls articte permitted a discussion
of dlaon's numerous inventions, the characteriatic of
commercial utfllty would be fom common to thom
all. Not being glvon to scientife rhapsodies, Edison
‘does not concern himself with what may be of servico
f contury henea; he conflnes himself rigorously to the
neals of the present,
Knowing full wolt that he [a probably not the frat
who has set for himself the task in the performance of
JWhich he is engaged, he reads all that is pertinent to
his anbject in tha vast Ubrary whieh forms an im:
portant adjunct of his Inboratory, Not content with
the information gathered from his own shelves, bls
‘Uterary agent is ordered to send him more. I one
son's study at home, one could foretell what eleetrien
problem [8 soon to ba solved in the Orange Inboratary;
_for in that enge are always contained the volumes
“which tnterest him most at the time.
*. After a thorough review of his anbject, Falson he-
gins Inboratory work—nan expert Ikeenty Alive to the
failures of hts predecessors, enreful to avold useless
repetitlons of olf experiments, It (s now that the two
per cant insplration gained by exhanative reading, and
the ninety-cight per cent perspiration whieh he ts
ready to expend, ure applied. Experlments are mate;
not a few, but hundreds and even thousands, Modo)
after model fs bullt, Failure upon fatture is met with,
untll Curthor effort seoms hopeless, Undismayed, Hdl
gon performs more experiments, builds more models.
’ Failure spurs him on, At Inst nn expertment is pore
formed or a mode! made which gives faint encourage
Ament. So far from helng elated, he regnrds the promla-
ing result with great suspicion, ‘She failures lave been
_too many; the apparent success after all may be due
to an accidental combination of cirenmatunees that may
never occur again, Only after the partial triumph has
been confirmed by many tritls docs complete assurance
come.
If ever on EXigon {Invention was a product of Infinite
pains and unflagglng pertinacity, it was the electric
Incandescant Jamp, He had read all that could be read
. of the Inbors of othors lo provide a more eflictent ght.
He knew of Starr's work in England and of Draper's
“In New York with the platinum wire, He had studied
“what Despretz had done with sticks of Incandescent
"eaebon contained in a glass globo exhausted of air and
filled with nitrogen. He knew all that was worth
knowing of illumination by means of Incandescent
carbon Inclosed [na vacuum. Then he set his wits at
work to find out why everyone bad falled, Karty tn
the spring of 1877 he began to experiment, First he
thought that a carbon filament might be made out of
cotton thread. ive hours were spent in carbonlalng
a thread, ‘The frail black filament obtained crumbled
at the touch, Attempt after attempt proved hopeless.
At last a carbonized thread was rescucd intact from
the furnnes; and that, as bad luck would have {t, broke
fn the mounting. For days no further progress was
made. He locked himself and his assistants in his
‘Jaboratory, vowing that nelther he nor they should
open ts doors until he had produced an operative tn-
f eandescent Inmp, After repented mishaps and in
cessant testing, o Jamp was completed which
burned for days before its ght oxpired. Then, and
not until then, did he and his laboratory assistants
rest, Ivory imaginable substance was now tried in tho
effort to devise a perfect Mlameont—irldium, platinum
and all the metals, threads rubbed with coal tar, plum-
bago, South American fibers, monkey-bast fiber, Manila
hemp, outh American bast, whitewood, palm leat,
paper of all kinds, jute, cardboard,’ bamboo, and a host
of other substances, After thousands of tissues and
threads had been tried, it was finally determined that
vegctabla Mhora produced the best illaments, :
Ho had now to determine what vegetable flber best
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
were to examine a cartaln revolving bookease In Edie’
Scientific American
aulted his purpose, “A man was dispatched to China
and Japan with orders to test the natlye bamboos, An-
othor explored the Amazon for fibers, suffering untold.
hardships and tasting no meat fora hundred and sixteen
days. A third was sont around tho world, with inatrne-
tlons to search Coylon in particular, from the north to
the south and from the enst to tha west, The whole
globe was scoured, Finally the explorers brought
boeck some cighty varieties of bamboo and three
thousand specimens of vegetable fibers. Of alt these,
only three or four wore found avalindle,
Trial after trial was made to determine what
shape of bulb shortd be adopted; what partlentar
quality of glass should bo used; what was tho most
effective way of exhausting the aly, and what was the
simplest mathod of sealing the bulb, And even after
these tasks had been performed, It was necessary to
devise a menns of generating a current of the proper
elinracter,
In all this there ts no guessing, no trusting to luck.
Edison knows exactly what he wishes to accomplish,
and how his end is to be attained, Absolute certainty
of purpose and of method saves him from frittering
away his time in useless experlmentation. Chance has
given perhaps an oceastonal den, but (t bas not Ifght-
ened Ils work, A device, whose invention he himsell
has attributed to nectdent, is the phonograph, He had
taken out a patent on a telegraph repeater, In which a
ehfsol-shaped stylus indented a sheet of paper curled
aronnd a cyHnder. These indented marks were to be
usod in retransmiltting the recorded message, “While
singing Into the mouthpleco of a telephone, the vibra
tlons of the voice sant the fine metal point into my ftin-
ger,” ho tells us, “That set me to thinking, If T could
record the movements of the polnt and send it over the
same surface afterward, I-saw no renson why tho thing
would not talk, 1 tried the experiment. first on a strip
of telegraph paper, T shouted ‘Hello! hello!’ into the
mouthplece, ran the paper back over the steel point,
and beard a faint ‘Hello! hello!’ In return” ‘Then
Ne declded to make a talking-machine, The men in
the Inboratory Inughed at him, In the end be proved
that he was right. ,
When the first operative phonograph was completed,
Edison packed up hls instrument and eamo to the office
of tha Seienvivric AMunican. Without ceremony he
placad the machine on the Editor's desk and turned the
crank, The machine intraduced {tsalf. “Good morn:
ing,” it sald?""Yow do you do? Tow do you like the
phonograph?” And thus It happened that the Edito
of the Scisnrivte AmMEIcAN constituted the first public
audience that ever Istened to the phonograph,
The story of the Incandescent tramp ip repeated In
adison's inventlon of a method of clectromagnett-
cally concentrating ores, The system has heen so tully
deserlbed in these columns that a detailed description
{sg hardly necessary,
Ahout the Intter part of 1897 Edlson davoted his ax-
elusive attention to the invention of a new storage
battery, on which problem he had been engaged for
some five years, Wor over a yenr he worked harder
than a day Inborer, Ho was at his laboratory at halt-
past seven fu the morning, Hls Inneheon was sent to
lim, In the evening he loft for dinner,- but returned
at-clght. At half-past eleven at night his carriage
called for him; but often the coachman had to walt for
“three or four hours until the inventor came out of his
Inboratory, Yet -desplte al) this labor, no apparent
progress was made for months,
When vacation time comes, and with {tn ehance to
leave his Inboratory, Edison plays just os he works,
with his whole heart and soul, He will hear nothing
of business, Sclence Is thrown to the winds, Letters
sent to him from the works are utterly disregarded.
Onty a telegram of the most imperative nature will
command his attention, And so It is with the ttle
relaxntion which he permits himself during lis work.
His hours of rest are few; yet his short sleep is
sounder and more refreshing ¢han that of many whoso
enterprises are of less pith and moment.
Of Etison’s personality much might be written.
When you meet him for the first time, you feel Im-
mediately at your ense—he 1s so unaffected and cordial.
Then, 1€ you are a newspaper man, you begin to study
him out of the tall-of your eye. He is neither tall nor
short, stout nor thin. His white hair makes him seem
older than he really is; he fs only fifty-six. His face
fs clean shaven—the mouth firm, tho chin strong. In
his dress he jg careless to o degree, If you are for-
tunate enough to have him pilot you through his Inbor-
atory, you will find it no.casy matter to keep up with
his quick step. He is nervously active; everything he
does {s dona quickly, yet not hnstily, He explains
things tersely and clearly, You talk to him; you
notice that ho s somewhat denf, and you wonder why
this man of all men, should not resort to some inven-
tion that will enable him to hear better. But he looks
upon his deafness not os a misfortune. Eninent.
speclatists have told him that he can he cured; but ha
has assured, thom that he prefers not to he, treated,
arguing shrewdly that if he could hear the nolses
which have heen so tong muffled, he might find It more
difficult to concentrate his mind on hls work.
Some day a patient Boswell wilt fovingly Intersperso
in the chroniele of iHdison's !fe-work many a tale of
hfs delicate sense of Iumor, [f there Is one thing that
filfgon loves, St is a roliieking story. Many a black
hour in the Inboratory has been brightened for his
assistants by his keen wit and sparkilng repartee. Oc-
atonally the outer world hears his scientiic opinion
expressed in some playful sarcasm, When asked once
by a New York State offelal what was the best method
of clectrocuting murderers, he gave vent to his deep .
rooted opposition to capital punishment fn the banter:
Ing retort, “five out your criminals ns Hnemen to the
Now York electric lighting companies,” Thon he began
an exhaustive investlgation which finally roveated the
quickest and’ most palniess method of electrocution,
Evory man in the laboratory who heara a good foke or
a clever remark feels it his duty to repent it to tho
“Ol Man,” as Edison [s affectlonately called in tho
shops.
His laboratory and his plant are not so much a place
of business as a school of sclentifie Invention, of which
he {fs the mastor. Indeed, ‘he has Ideas of business
which a Wall Street man might charitably call eccen-
tric. Nowadays his business affairs are conducted by
able men, Tut in the days when he built bls first plant
atNewark,and when the actual work of keeping accounts
devolved partly on him, he conducted his finanelal
affalrs Ina pleturesqne, nonchalant way, “I kept only
pay-roll accounts, no others,” hoe assures us; “recelved
the bills, and goncorveally gave nates In payment. hd
first Intimation that a note was due was the protest,
‘after which T bad to hustle around and ratse the
monoy, This saved the lumbuggery of bookkeeping,
which I never undorstood, The arrangement, besxldes,
possessed the advantage of heiny cheaper, as the pro-
test fees were only one dollar and a halt. Notwith-
standing this extraordinary method of doing business,
everyone was willing to accept the notes and my credit
was good.” ‘Tho hours of work were just as erratic,
“We had no fixed hours, but ‘the men, so far from ob-
jecting to the irregulnrity, often begged to return ant
complete certain experlinents, upon which they know
my heart was especially sot.”
Like atl succesful men, Edison has hls enemles.
He has been accused of appropriating the work of
others ns bis own. ‘There is a rumor abroad that he
amploys a number of brillant young men, whom ho
pays handsomely to work out his fdens, and that It 1s
they who really ought to be credited with the invention
of many deviees that hear his name. ‘That he 1s depen-
dent toa certain extent npon the holp of assistants Is
undoubtedly true. Nature has given him hut a single
pair of hands and a single head. Ty hls Inboratory
the help which he recelves consists largely in the per-
formance of tasks too multifarious for a single man.
Something more than a bare tdea to work with is given
to each man In the laboratory, He is told exactly how
the result dostred is to be attained, In other words,
the men tn the laboratory are intetligent human tools
in Bdfson’s hands. ‘To him alone ts due the inven:
tlon of-tha many contrivances with which his namo
will ever be associnted.
tt ot
The Current Supplemont.
Tho current Suvviese
deseription of some electric freight locomotives, By
far the most Important article In the number Is the
flrat of a aerles of Installments by the English corres:
pondent of the Scmoareie Astencan on water-tube
hoflers, ‘The French revolutlonists provided the
world with a decimal system of weights and measuses,
hut they were not farsighted enough to provide a
decimal system of time. The problem of extending
the decimal system to the measnrement of time has
been, taken ap by M. De Sarrauton who has devised
a most Ingentous dechnal registering chronograph
desertbed fn the current Supvenmmenr. Mr. 1. HL. Tos.
ter tells much that ts of value on superheated steam,
The Tonfe volute has for centurles been an isthetic
mystery to arehitects. How it was formed has never
heen quite discovered, ¥. C, Penrose gives somo in-
formation on the origin and construction of the volute,
Sone types of French electrical elevators are de-
seribed In an article that will be found of interest to
englicers familiar only with American practice, An-
other elactrical article of some importance is Mr, G,
Paul's study of surface contact systems. “Modern
Methods of Underground Wire Rope Haulage” forms
the subject of an entertalning article.
von troy a ann
Tt lias heen unofMelatly stated that at the appronch-
tng automobile show, to be held next month (Jann
ary), tho storage battery of Thomas A, Edison witt
be shown In (18 completed form, and {it will bo an+
nonneed that the device Is ready to be placed on tho
miurket commercially. Three machines equipped with
‘hexe battertes have been In dally operatian on tho
ronda of New Jorscy, around the Mdlson works, for
some tine and one has done a vontury every day,
No. 1408, opens with a
Shane at Se dh
7
Clippings
1903
“4
ETawuaay 41,1403 |
r EVENING-WILMINGTON, DEL
ees = cs
: “SUIT BY INVENTOR EDISON 7 * he bit further alleges that the cor- |
poration prooured ono U, M. Edison to
! f - —_—_ soll to the corporation tho tight to tho
7 i he iat con, i Sits sofa forth
Brought Fgainst the Company iat ia tiene ‘hia invantions ho has |
With the fame of His Son, C patio sad that tite in Tasha
~ “Thomas A. Edison, Jn,
oiated with his namo ia the minds of
tho public, and for that reason ho
oe aunts ae igomeany rostrainud from
using the titlo, ‘
IN DISTRICT COURT, THIS GITY)® |.%#BE tae title ase on Tuly tith,
~ 901, on ao bill in oquity filod by
vy ° . ‘Thomas A, Halen. in tho Giroult Cours
The “Wizard” Objects to tho for tho Distrio of Nelawaro the cour
ieee oe nine ond Also. fe || Eee ee meres egeeeal Go:
Makes Various Interest- of Ata corporate Hee oad lao; {rom
: : u © namo on tho letter beads
Ing Allegations. tho “company. It olso alleges that
: shortly after thia docroo was ontered
Tn tho United Statos District Court tho 4
is oity , f : . anized undor tho Inwa of:
Pooulne suite ince Diba ot Ae | (| Balavaree ae tats eho HEB
, pourt Was bogun, : A bill in oxuity waa arise pbroveaded to soll Wizard ink
; Hod by Vhomay A. Edison against tho fetes
Thoniag A, Edieon, Jr, Chomical Co, Mr, Edison gots forth that ho has a
junction: was mado -by Howard Ww
Hayoa of Nowarl, N, J., represonting
tho complainant, and tho court mado
un order sotting tho motion down for
a hearing on Fobruary Sth at 11
o’olook n, m. Oopios ‘of tho bill and
afidnvita and procesa woro served on
tho Dolawaro Trust Oo., tho re, istered
agonta horo, by United States Marabal
Short, Tho company has- an oilice at
14 Stone atreet,- Now Yorl, : A
ho has takon out humorous patents in
tho Unilod Statos and all athor coun- }-
triea in whioh patonta aro issued, and
that ho is woll isnown in the husinoss
and eciontifio world, Ho givos a list
of some of his ‘inventions,
The bill also alleges that on April
.| 30th, 1809, Frauklin vorhart of Now
Yorks, £. 4 Canby and ‘tt Gardinor
Kimball of this oity associated thom-
solvos togother snd organized undor
ho laws” of Delaware tho Edison
Chomical Co, and that tho company
Soon after. ity inoorporation engaged | |
in tho inanufacturo und galo of cortain
ink tablots and powdors inventud by 5
Ferson named Moyur and advortised
and sold as on invention of Thomas A,
Edison, and that thoy woro not in-
ventod by’ Thomas A, Edigon, and ho
nover had any: conncotion with tho
tote eate of the aforesaid ink tab.
ots, ke" : a
NN
omas A, edison, Jr., Chemical |
. Lidi j adison, Jr, who is
‘Thomas A. Lidison, tho complainant, ia son Thomas A. Edison, Jr, i
tho woll-Inown invontor and livos at nbout 30 yours of ‘go, _ ie was
company iat oresent ee defendant short Wate, Gut since toes Sor
company ja a corporatiun under tho} <¢ short timo, but sin y a
Jaws of Dolnware ond its Delaware | ~ ‘complainant knows, has had no regular
offico ia in thig city. Thomaa A occupation, but, complainant snys, ho
Edison, Jr, whoso name tiguros in ;bolieves his son peactially supports
that of tha ‘dofondant company, is 0 gon | hinself by selling the use of his name,
of the Inventor, he Tho fotior alleged that whilo his gon
y i 3 was in his employ ho nover mado nny
ay be BHD Braye a ae aan practical inventions ond bas mado nono
using tho namo ‘Mdison” in con. Hino go far in ari thera: te on
Beles oe he or ae Bnet of tha tee ee fldavit trow. tho son, in which ho enya
titlo, or in connestion with tho busi- BITeRS oat tho: lneornarators of tho
noss or on tho letter heads or advortiva- ( he Wag A. Edison, a Glowing cast:
ments of tho company, and aleo to bh tho ccoivad 85,000 worth of stock
.rostrain tho company from using tho tha! iB kecey ‘hich wa id until
word “Wizard”? in’ connootion with and Phe monk, Decombas ead Sines
cortaiu ink tablots which aro said to bo tho a ty ce ae se
manufactured and sold by it, ‘fho ‘then ho bas ontotod into n contra
complainant sots forth that ho is not under which ho is to recoivo 810 a wook
tho inventor of and has no- con- and a Uarantoed : yoorly G6 per cont
nection with anothor gf the company’s dividend on his stool, and that ho was
Vitalizer, Ho mts be Moxno-Llectrio He avars teat Bo Ie hoe the tea
liane aie Braye joran necouns M Seneliaeetr ioe fe powder or tho
‘Tho bill allogos that tho complainant |. Magno-Tlootrio Vitatizor.
ison inventor by profession end thut | A motion for proliminary in-
“did time
to drop industrial
* ile
nigga ties d ES,
Thomas A, Edison, in a stain-sported
suit. ind an old stoneh hat, drawn well
down on his forehead, sivaightened up
from a dilapidated little Cable over whicle
he had been bending, thyew a stub of at
peneil down on. How pad of paper
amd settled back in an rm: chair.
AC Hist, he said, “I've finished work
on my storage battery anid now Pin go-
ing to take a rest.”
He gazed thoughtfully ont of a window
of his Inboratory office for a moment,
“Kor Pm tired—very tired?” he added
simply. "din all worn ont.”
fet second his eyes twinkled mer-
vily
Yes, I've planned: for a great. vacas
tion,” briskly and enthusinstically, “and
it will begin after Pye spent a few
weeks in Flovida, where Vin going ina
few days. Amd the best part of it all
is this: It will lust: two years,”
Mr. Edison rubbed his hands in an-
ficipator.
“Pan py
2 to have a fine time—splen-
during these favo years, Um
just. going to rest. Yes, sir, that's what
Vin going to do, ayia VH tell you}
Tian going to do il Up in my hou
ROTOss street Ive a vig hook of over
4000 pa filled with notes that Ive
jotled down from tine to time during the
lust 14 or 20 They relate te
things (hat ve
out my various inventions, wud ve sim.
ply put them down and: done nothing
with then, bec Ive hot had tine to
pus incidental phe.
rr, Vin tired—thor-
mide up my mind
mee for two whole
ream rest myself by taking up pure
science—by investigating the thousand
and one properties of metals and chem-
jenls that Vye got notes about in my
look,
How Edison Will-Loaf. .
“Uard vacation? Not a bit of it. All
I'm going to do is Avhat every pure sei-
entist docs—the fellow who finds out
the actions of metals and chemicals under
( conditions and in various cou.
Dinations by experimenting, but who does
not apply the resulls industrially,
“Guided by my note: m going to
wix things in laboratory mortars) nud
chemists? tubes, aml what not, and watel:
for results, tis at pure science doe:
tt never. thinks things out, like industri
Al seiene IL just htunders—stumbles
wainst discovert ile industria sei-
mee ix the res vo part, of
oncentrated and couseentive thought.
“Lt will be fou and maybe VI find out
onething worth while—who can telly
Anyway, Um looking forward to a real
goad Lime, and | believe that by hustling
little PU be able to investigate ev
hing that [ve notes about in imy boo
What his notes relate to Mr. Kxlison
vill nok disclose, cpt to say that one
af his investigations will he conducted
-oward finding a wood that will be a
good substitute for coul when that fuel
oughly tired—and Dv
becomes more scarves and a grent deat
more expensive than at present,
Coal Beds Still Untouched.
“1 firmly Delieve,” suid) Mr. Edison,
“that the time will come when we in this
country will secure most af our heat
from wood in some form or other. ‘The
wood that will be used will come largely
from tropleal South Amerie, where
sprouts xpring into full grown trees in
three or four years, ‘Then the vast,
Anuzonian forests will be worked and
nourished on a scientitic- basis hy cap:
itelistie syndicates, and the world’s fuet
supply thus conserved for all time. And
science will find a way te make the wood
almost, if not us good, for heating pur-
poses as votl Perhaps it will be used
something after the manner of charcoal
1 believe that charcoat will some day
he pretty generally used in the pluce of
coal,
“But don’t think that we'll live to sce
all this, The cout supply in this coun-
(ry is far greater (han most people im-
agine, Immense deposits in the Iudson
bay region are waiting to le opened,
and great lignite beds are still unwork-
awl. Only after, th aad the present
nines are worked out will people tum
fo the forests of tropical South Ame
for their fuel, When that will be,
afoue ‘ean tell—perhaps not before the
days of onr grandehihlren’s graud
dre But sooner or Inter it will come,
and it won't do any harm for me to fol-
tow up certiin observations abuut trop-
ical wood as a fuel that 1 jotted down
in my book years age. ICN all be a
purt of my rest now, and recren>
tion ns pleasure, docan’t itt”
Mr,
wool for facet on land in temperate
America would not prove remunerative
for se is uadertaki
“Thy are thousamls of acres of now
uncultivated land in’ this country ad-
suitably adapted for hia purpose,” he
suid, “hut the sche impracticable
for the simple reason that on eliz
ix not tropical enough to insure quick
growth to the trees, After an acre
Was once cleared of wood, it would take
sprouts six or eight or ten years to nt-
fain sullicient for fuel purposes,
This fact alone militates against such a
plain to provide a substitute for coal
“Some fellow,
could make a smail fortune by s
contral of several thotsand acer
and of this deseription alreudy wooded
aul harves: il op. 1 Inve about
25,000 2 Uo woodland up it
the Orange mounta' and Uve figarel
ont that euch vere le of sypply-
ing the fuel equi a-ton of cool
Just now in my Jaboratories Um burn.
ing a lot of wood, thus outwitting Lie
inen who these days uve getting two or
three times the usual price for coul.”
Can’t Burrow for the Earth’; Heat,
“The scheme to secure heat by boring
down to the earth’s center alse appeals
£909: wey. Persona
: | Feb 27 - 1403
Kdison thinks that the growing of |-
-understand in the feast, that we
¢iison’s Plans For a Two Year’s “Rest.’:
to meas heing impracticable, except in
voleanic regions, | There the earth's
crust is thin and) the molten matter
compiratively near the surfroe; hence,
it could be easily reached and obtained
by ameans of pipes: sunk dawn to it and
utilized for manufacturing and heating
purposes. In the non-voleania region
tne crust is too thick and the molien in-
tevior so far disiant that to reach it by,
boring would be a too problematical un-
dertaking for invested capital. And
that part of the world is non-voleanio
where heat is needed for bedily comfort
and fuel consuimng industries thrive,
“But while many men are busying
theinselves with these and other schemes
to secure heat, on the other tanl, if
the signs of the times count for any-
thing, L believe that the next few years
will witness a yrent development of
hitherto unworked coal fields hy big
manufacturers. ‘The kite coal strike has
proved to them that they must have
their own mines and in this way bo inde-
pendent of outside operators and insure
aguinst enforeed closing down of their
mills for lack of fuel. I happen to know.
of several owners of industrial estab-
lishments who are already seeking to
secure and work cot lands. and these
inan assure me that many of their rivals
are aiming in the same direction.”
Here Mr, Edison reverted to his vaca>
tion.
“Now that fam atout to take a rest
and am beginning to yet a true perapee-
tive of the fast twenty years of my life,
1 begin to realize more than ever befora
how very little I know—how very little 1
have accomplished, Why, with all my
i strisity I don’t know what
frie, ve thought ont
several invections and made my brain
and body weary thereby, and I’ve got
my name yoised about, but what have C
done—what do [ know-—afier allt
Why, ‘simply this—very little, hardly
anything, when we think of the things
still to be done and still to be learned—
of the forests all around us that we dont
vareely
dream of,
“Yes, sir; Uiat's the gospel truth,
But e Mr. fali(son’s eyes laughed
merrily—they are eyes that never lose,
their sparkle and fire, no matter how
tired the srest of their professor’s body
may be—"“perhaps PH learn a little bit
of the unknown during my two years’
vacation. Auyway,- in going to work
hard to do so, aul Im going to have »
fine rest.” is
Noah was leaning over the rail of the
ark, smoking his pipe contemplatively
and waiting for the rain, when a jeoring
neighbor cume along. .
“Well, Noah,” said the neighbor, “have
you got all the animais aboard?”
“No” he veplied. "We have no mule.
Do you wish to en e pasate 7”
And the next day it: began to cloud up.
Chicago Record-Herald-
oF
——
Ravark, H. I—Advertised.
ard Gu iv
_BDIES. BAT. AT PARIS,
‘what the Wianrd of} of Menlo Parle wan
4g Show at the Fair,
Extensive preparntions’are being made
at tho Edison Inboratories and tha Edl-
son phonograph works, In Orange, for. the
Paris Exposition, Between three and four
carloads of apparatus aro being, shipped.
Theso will comprise ull the different types
of -phonograpie, kinetoscopes, cabinets
and accessories, togather with a large clec-
trical display of lamps from the Elgon
‘Lamp Works in Harrison,
: Charles E, Stevens, of 15, Cedar stroat,_
Now York, §s golng to.Parls as the repre-
sentative of Mr, Edison. .Mr., Edison will
show at tho Dxposition a number of now
iduaa and inventions‘on which ho has'baon
‘at work for some time.
ee Bini eee
[PHOTOCOPY]
a eee nee ae i
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
inh ne rams os MReNTIE rte ae
[From Harper's Weekly, vol. 47 (April 18, 1903)]
2. Sooke
RECENT item of news from
A the United States Patent
Office furnishes reminder
of the manner in whch Thomas
Alva--Edison imuaintains his pri-
macy as the typical American fn-
ventor. By the end of March he
had taken out no fewer than 7H
mitents, and his ordinary fees
tive amounted to the neat little
sum of $51,000. Such figures re-
Jate, however, only to this coun-
try. Every Edison invention of
any importance has also been pro-
tected by patents abrond, so that
‘the actual patents bearing his
name, in many languages, count
up into the thousands; and the
mere cost of securing them, in the
way of fees, would be a handsome
fortune, As to the -preliminury
work of experiment, the incidental
legal labor in getting the strongest
claims, and then the herculean
task of defending these grants
against all comers— that ia repre-
sented by millions .of dollars.
It is this expense of maintain-
ing a patent that induced Mr.
Edison to go slow. of late yeara in
reMirting to the Patent Office.
He still takes out patents. Despite the fact that.he is between
fifty and sixty years old, he is Tikely to be paying for such docu-
ments through the next quarter of a century; but he prefers now
the policy of concealment, and operates more and more under n
régime of “trade secrets.” To his way of thinking, the American
patent system is the best in the world, but it does not safeguard
the inventor as it ought. The cost of patent litigation is tre-,
mendous; the delays are frightful; and often by the time a favor-:
able decision is won, he haa effected some radical improvement that
renders earlicr ideas useless. A few_years ago, sitting with some
friends in hia private library at Llewellyn Park, on the Orange
Mountains of New Jersey, he made a enleulation of the royaities
fairly due on a prime invention then under trial in the courte.
The amount was three million dojlars. The case has been won,
but up to this time a ‘
neither Mr. Edison nor his
plaintiff company has ever
received a cent ‘of that
money; and neither of
them will ever pet a cent,
wr eee Fone
The latest Portrait of Mr. Edison
sf
. The. Edison of To-Day
By T. C. Martin
true of other inventors ys
workers; and thus my he, |
plained his frequent success... aed
rare failures. Some Powers}
thinkers, whether from imstiner ive
distruat or unavowed Jealousy
deavor to hammer out their
ceptions in lonely Sstrugile. ;
names could be Mentioned yy.
of electrical inventors Whey
curse seems to be this sterile ...
clusion. A In Edison's CASO, yy
sunny, kindly temperament. of the
man makes for friendship: sin]
the readiness to use anything: that
lies handy as a meana Of attain.
ing the goaleompels him ty ene
ploy talent as freely as he ihas
‘raw material,
And he could keep a whole anny
busy. There never was an inven.
tor who had more irons in the
fire. It is the fault of frail dn.
man nature that they are nat alt
kept hot at once. With brief ial.
low reasonr, he has been at it,
hammer and _ tongs, planning and
scheming and perfecting, over ine
he was a gaunt, lank teleur
operator roving the Wrest,
. marking his course by the
of his battery solutions, A great many first-clags inventors are
sharply concentrated along one line. Edison is, if anything, spresul
out too thin. His keen curiosity, alert mind, and undying
content with things as he finds them, drive him into a dozen tines
of investigation at once. Just at the present moment, for exnm-
ple. the public has a notion that he is simply striving to perfect a
new storage-battery about which ao much has been aaid. He is:
but, like the Japanese juggler, he. ia also balancing half a dozen
other little affairs in the air, and giving them the deft apin or
kick at the moment when they might drop. Besides the battery,
there are the cement-works near Easton, Pennsylvania, where ‘n
score of now ideas and devices are being licked into shape. and
cement turned out meantime. Sundry improvements have lately
been made in the phonograph. Over in Europe hia magnetic ore-
crushing. inventions are
being applied on a big
xeale to repleniah the sup.
ply from the exhausted
ron-beda of nd,
Half a_dozen new things
[PHOTOCOPY]
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
- oe
the United States Patent
Office furnishes reminder
of the manner in whjeh Thomas
Alva:-Edison maintains hig pri-
macy as the typical Americai in:
ventor. By the end of March he
had taken ont no fewer than 711
pitents, and his ordinary fees
have amounted to the neat little
sum of $51,000. Such figures re-
late, however, only to this coun-
try, Every Edison invention of
any importance has also been pro-
tected by patents abroad, so that
‘the actual patents bearing his
name, in many languages, count
up into the thouendes and the
niere cost of securing them, in the
way of fees, would be a handsome
fortune, As to the - preliminary
work of experiment, the incidental
legal labor in getting the strongest
claims, and then the hereulean
task of defending these grants
against all comers— that is repre-
sented by millions .of dollars.
1t is this expense of maintain-
ing a patent that induced Mr.
Edison to go slow of late years in
reSrting to the Patent Office.
He still takes out patents. Despite the fact that.he is between
fifty and sixty years old, he is Iikely to be paying for such docn-
ments through the next quarter of a century; but he prefers now
the policy of concealment, and operates more and more under a
régime of “trade secrets.” To his way of thinking, the American
patent system is the best in the world, but it does not safeguard
pe ara item of news from
The latest Portrait of Mr. Edison
the inventor as it ought. The cost of patent litigation is tre-,
mendous: the delays are frightful; and often by the time a favor--
able decision ia won, he has effected some radical improvement that
renders earlier ideas useless. A few -Years ago, sitting with some
friends in hia private library at Llewellyn Park, on the Orange
Mountains of New Jersey, he made a caleulation of the royalties
fairly due on a prime invention then under trial in the courts.
The amount was three million dollars. The case has been won,
but up to this time vo ’
neither Mr. Edison nor his Spe en pee bee ae
plaintiff company has ever :
received a cent ‘of that
money; and neither of
them will ever get a cent.
One need hardly wonder,
then, that a man who has
been obtaining a patent
every fortnight for over
thirty years should
slacken, influenced by the
logic of such facts, and be
a bit pessimistic nowa-
days as to the inestimable
value of mere shects of
parchment with a red seal.
But the tide of inven-
tion flows as strongly as
ever in the Edison labora-
tory, and while its master
may not, as of old, crowd
x voleanic lifetime of ex-
Plosive — discovery into
continuous sleepless vigils -
of forty-eight or seventy-
two hours, he is just as
fucile, ‘fertile, and re-
sourceful as of yore, No
inventor was ever more
skilful in gaining the
support of capital; none
Was ever more successful
in keeping the enthusiasm
of his associates up to
white heat. An * Edison
man" -remnins: an--Edison
man to the end of the
chapter, and is proud of
the stamp left upon his
career or his personality
by the great spirit: with |
whom trials and triumphs
have been shared. It is a
curious fact often over-
looked in Edison's life
that he has alwaya been
surrounded by a willing
host of coworkers, but
has always held easily
his leadership amon
them. This is by no means
Mr, Edison in his Study
sf
- The. Edison of: To-Day
By T. C. Martin
true of other inventors ....1
workers; and thus muy le”
plined, ue frequent successes 4.4
rare allures, Some a
thinkers, whether from einen
distrust or unavowed Jenionsy, on.
deavor to hammer out their i.
ceptions in lonely strapless]
names could be mentioned js.
of electrical inventors Whee
curse Reema to be this steril. ...
clusion. In Edison's CARO, ys
sunny, kindly temperament of the
man makes for tiendship: ari
the readiness to use anything whit
lies handy as a means of attain.
ing the goaiSeompels him tu ore
ploy talent as freely as he diac
‘raw material.
And he could keep a whole ariny
buay. There never was nn invents
tor who had more irons iy the
fire, It is the fault of frail dn
man nature that they are nit all
kept hot at once. With brief fal.
low reasons, he has been at it,
hammer and tongs, planning and
scheming and perfecting, ever sino
he was a gaunt, lank telegraph
operator roving the Wat. and
a marking his course by the stuins
of his battery solutions, A great many firat-c} inventors are
sharply concentrated along one line, Edison is, if anything, spread
out too thin. His keen curiosity, alert mind, and undying dis:
content with things as he finds them, drive him into a dozen tino»
of investigation at once. Just at the present moment, for exam.
ple, the public has a notion that he is simply striving to perfeot a
new storage-battery about which so much has been aaid. tle ix:
but, like the Japanese juggler, he ia also balancing half a dozen
other little affairs in the air, and giving them the deft spin or
kick at the moment when they might drop. Besides the battery,
there are the cement-works near Enaton, Pennsylvania, whore ‘a
score of new ideas and devices are being licked into shape, nnd
cement turned gut meantime. Sundry improvements have lately
been made in the phonograph. Over in Europe hia magnetic ore
crushing: inventiona are
being applied on a hig
xeale to replenish the sup.
ply from = the exhausted
tron-beda oof England.
Half a dozen new things
are going: forward in lve.
trical experimentation at ,
Orange; and cheaper, let-
ter metres are among
them. Nor has the earlier
interest in recondite phe-
nomena been lost; while
aside from work of his
own, Mr. Edison has, it is
said, placed hia own ripo
genius and weighty experi-
ence back of the Maremi
wireless telegraph cnter-
rises,
: As to the new storage-
battery, there is little to
add that people who care
about such mattera do not
already know. Familiur
forms of battery are of
lead, to which the objec.
tions are usually made of
great weight, amall storaye
capacity per pound of
active material, and rapid
deterioration, Edison hax
brought out a battery with
a sheet-steel jar, thin
perforated sheet - stot
lates or elements, an alha-
"Hine soltition, “and ‘active ~
materials of iron oxide
and nickel intermixed with
-- -graphite-carried in tiny
riquettea in the windows
of the ateel plates, Siny
the battery was fii-!
brought ‘out, the rates
charging and discha
its current have been id:
bled, the weight haa ti.
considerably reduced. ari
“ other improvements hi -
been effected. For ni
mobile operation, it hi~
ready had encouraging t?=|
Pholographs taken especially for Harper's Weekly !
630 : /
3 ;
1
= a : TS ea ee , a ay web
“Ste Extensively.
With X-Rays and Believ-
' ‘Begins io Fail.
igpactal ta The Hoston Journal. :
New: York, Aug. 1.—Thomas A. ldl-
‘son; Yhe famous electrzean and, “ened
‘of *Manio. Park, wiil _brobably tose bis
‘oyenight as tt result ‘of ‘experimenting
iduping the part few os with the
Xerdyy In an endeavor “utilize its
Ight for commercial seat
For experimental purposes he recently
spuilt a large roont ut one end of tha
‘Inboratory In, Orange. and In this-made
his experiments, Sic Installed expensive
‘Apparatus, put at first experimented fi
n‘eaxual manner. Te found that the
rays, besides, ponetriithis the object’ iv
which they were directed, nso iiffected
the object Itself. .
It was when in the midst ot Nils ,ex-
» periments last Week, and at a time when
success seemed to be within hla grasp,
ithat his ‘sight began to fall, It re
{warse and specialists were enlled ||
, Heo .waa- ordered to stop bajar ie
fwlth the X-rays at once, The _phyalelan
‘found that the focus of beth eyes was,
affected and ‘things seemed much turther
{away to. Mr. Sadjson nat they. really:
re. ; 3
My left eye Is ntl out’ of ‘foctis,” ‘Mri
Edison suid ‘yesterday, ‘ and’ I” have:
jabout given up Bxp Imeriting with ithe!
iXepaysyels st}li:beltov: sithatrtho:
dlgcovery: tithes? andyadium{ por
ian potty Ofna radium bors!
“Unie gd
Phils
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
~ HOT A CANCER CURE
Philadelphia Specialists Doubt
uv . “ae pee
. Practicability’of Inventoz wat i
; son’s Newest Theory. |
4
4
a ae
DANGER IN TREATMENT
4 2 35 ——=,
: Thomas A, Edin6ira theory concerning
the tréi ent of cancer by un Infuslon of
blood from a healthy body has not mot
the approval of practitloners and speciate
Ista In this. clty, who do not bellove that
his: suggbationd. aro’ practical, ‘The dan-
gers of general septicemia under Buch,
treatment, they suy, would be so srcat as,
to forbid virtually experiments along that.
WN ie ee
"Ait Intislon of’ hiaod ‘has frequently beén’
used: fn the effort to heal wounds, but it!
has never: been a Popular ‘practice, ‘and
the results have been unsatisfactory.” Its
Ase at nll thes carries with it a danger
of Infection, which would bo excoptionally,
kreat In tho casa of a cancor, where the’
‘propor cleansing of the part, i difficult, ae,
hot impossible,
cn discussing the, Edison theory “yee,
terday one of the. best-known specinilsts:
In the city expressed the bellof that thera!
might bo something ‘in tho theory’ so far’
‘is the nature of the. disease was con-
cerned, but that the proposed treatment,
as ‘impractical. “Ho, ike many other
practitioners, had never heard of blood
transfusion in cases of cancer,and thought
the dangers attending ite uso would bo
sreater than any possible benefits,
Where Danger Lies,
To begin, he sald, the ure of a hy poderm| le
ayringo would make It virtually [mposnlbte
{9 avold infection of tho party, to say nothe:
ing of tho dangors attending the clotting of”
blood within the syringe, Of course, the:
blood could bo directly infused trom tho,
Neins of the healthy subject Into the Pa-"
tent, bur It would not be desirable to do. ‘#0,
ate Rain, cancers are well supptiod
with blood vessels, which are so surchnrged:
as to require only u slight brulso to Induce:
Dleeding,. It would therefore to alteutt fo"
Inject tho contents of a hynotermic nenr
the Infected part, and even the full cons;
tents of the meringe would bo of tittle use,;
: in
, Ment to the Infected part, Sak
Mr, Edison fs atro in error In his surmise
that tho X-ray In destructive. to thera 1o-:
storing calls, as.he calla them, As a fact.)
i¢ da no uncommon practice when a wound,
ia not healing as rapidly as it should to
4 frake usa Of the X-ray. Ite use at such!
imoe has always been with the moat Eratl
fying ‘results, microscopical investigation’
showing that tho ray actually increases the:
number ‘of those cells, .
. X-Rays Are Not Harmful. !
Ana fact, also, the goneraly accepted tdoa:
ofthe danger attending the une of the X~i
roy ts unwarranted. If you will, notlee ¢ho:
:Feports of persona who ‘have been injived
yeu Wilt find that in nearly every (nsiance:
f ne injurlos were Inilicted tn tho early da:
,of the experiments, when the apparatts wa:
Semide and the operators: inexperienced, ;
i. 1 hava watched the reporta carefully and;
“have yet to see & report of any. inne,
, following the use of the ray in the han ay
Of modern experts, 400-5 Fee
f ‘ et
EDISON: DESGRIBES',"*''**
“2 EFFEGT OF X-RAYS,
Inventor. Sutteruydrem.a {Malady 'p
Hive Ua'lod hi
: | Agstge lat
. Thomas 4° jzdlson. described
n
a. '
mi to eg
ter fork Herald yeaters
di pJurious effects upon himself
which have tullowed hig recent experi-
nents with the N ray. ‘These may aitect
Mr. Edison's health seriously, but he bee,
Uoves he has made. a discovery of im-,
‘portunce to medical sctence, -$
‘He ts firinly convinced thut tho.dextroy-
ing process of the X ray that ‘haa necessl-,
tavad tha amputitian of the'ler and
(ngers of the right hand.of
Dally, ono of his usalstanty, ‘an now
threatening the left handjof Charles Daliy,
hia brother, ts tho directfresult. of the-kill-
ing. or paralyzing, of certain white blood
corpuscles known o4 phagocytes, whose
function fs to circulate through: the blood
and into the issues, carrying away all
forclgn substances that disturb the health-
ful condition of the Nesh and blood,
These energetic guardians of the human
body .were discuvered by Dr. Metachikoft,
of the Pasteur {nutltute, Paris, recently,
and Mr. Edison sald yesterday that he folt
cortuin that it was the peculiar destroying
or disabling effect the rays huve upon
them that makes the rays so destructive
to normut human flesh, ain
Sitting in the lvrary of his laboratory.
at Liewellyn Park, he told: the ulory ‘of
his, experlences. “I'm sorry,” sald- Mr.
Edison, “that the story has gone our ‘that
ZT have been made blind by the X ‘ray,
for Chat ls wholly untrue.‘ Uo have suffered
from Jt much amore in other ‘ways. |The!
viotet Nght has upset my digestion : and:
put me In a bad way, Lumps have form:
¢d-all through tho region of my stomach,’
and none of the many speclalists 1 have,
gonsullcd can-do unything to reileve, it,’
They say it Is un new condition of affairs
to them. I have: been examined by‘ one
an who has dissected more than four.
thousand bodies, and It puzzles him ‘as
much ag tho others. -I know ft ts tho: re-:
sult of the X-ray,-because I held the tube’
eldyo to my stomach: when I worked. ‘The
only thing that saved my eyes was tho
fact that I: used a very weak tube, and
as it was my eyes were out of focus for
}O, time. They aro all. right now.
Charles Dally, a young assistant of Mr,
‘Edison, was-cniled, and the-Inventor took
hia left hand, holding: it up to. the Nght.
The flesh was ‘seared and inflamed,, tha:
skin In pinces belng dry. and presenting:
he appearance of, a severe burn from ol
or hot. water that had begun to ‘heal, +:
-“T hope this arm will not: have to' go,
fs his’ brother's did," sald Mr, Edison?
‘but it looks bad. - six months ‘aga shis:
sbrother’s lett arm was-taken off at*the:
shoulder, ‘and afew days ago they ‘had;
to amputate two,of his right fingers, ; ++
. “Now the strange part of ‘it -all fs that!
all this {s the result of working withith
Kray five or .2ix years. ago.'+ ER
~“We were nll: deeply: interested in’ cer-|
tain experiments T was making: and were,
shut up with tho X-ray ‘soverat hours’
wach day. Finally it began to tako hold
otius, and ,wo-had.to.stop,.and.we gnve,
our attention ‘to‘other-t! . ,
ent by, and now com
Philladelphia.Pa.-Record
EDISON HAS CANCER CURE
Suggests Bload Transfusion | for
- Surface “rowths,
eee
[RADIUM DESTROYS BODY CELLS
Malnay Can Only Re Overcome .by
df the' Introduction of Uncontimt-
(= Sniited Gorms From a Perfectly
q Healthy Subject...
van gece:
itgadie 7
. Special to ‘Tue Recon." :
West ‘Oratige, No J, Augnst 20—
Thomus A, Edisgp,.the: inventor, thinks
; lsablewrptnr cure for cancers
through the study of a cancerous growth
which started on the arm_of his assist-
ant, Charles Dally, after Dally bad been
burned by Roentgen rays. '
Mr, Edigon’s theory Is that any cancer
which begins as Dally'’s did, on the sur-
face, can be cured by the fntroduetion of,
fresh blood from a, healthy subject into
ithe blood of the person affected.
Dally's malady began with a slight
flush on the back of his hund, He has
since lost his arm becauso of the cancer
that grew upon it.
;Lhe inventor says he believes. that
there aro in the human body cells capa-
ble of movement and whose role ‘func:
tfon is to restore’ shattered and injured
tHHooue, Mr. Edison points out that in
the caso of a cut, wound or ordinary
burn, nature, through the medium of
these cells, sets to work to restore vor-
mal conditions, and, if no outside Influ-
enco interferes, succeeds,
RADIUM DESTROYS BRODY CELLS,
-AThe radium and Roentgen rays appar-
ently - possess some quulity,. he . says,
which is not only destructive to the tis-,
‘sue itwelf, hut which destroys the restor-
{ug cells. Cho result is that: the wound
thus formed will not heal. When the
restoring cells in the neighborhood of the
injury fail to heal the wound there is
immediately a rush of healthy cells ‘from
other parts of the body to the scat of
the trouble, There then scems to be an
improvement, but it is only apparent. «
“ oon a mass of reddish granulntlons,
«which soon grow to a large size, is seen
on the surface and presently develop into
swhatls known ag “rose cancer.”
= *REMEDY IN UNCONTAMINATED GRPRMB. -
AIL. this time there is a stendy“‘Infiux
‘of restoring cella until other portions -of
ithe body are deprived of the-cellx, '- Chen!
ithe disease -has obtained full sway. :
;2AB ‘an antidote to this, Mr. Edison
says,‘he believes that the introduction of;
o-oo. of a perfectly healthy-person,:
‘untainted by cancer or other mallgnant
dlgonse. will Frovide enough strong,‘ re)
roductive cells to overcome the indury.
‘He says that the necessary operations
would be very shuple. Some blood from
ithe healthy subject could be drawi-off:
jnto 12 -uterile“hypodermic syringe sand
iden: injected into .the bedy of the af-
‘fected person insthe:region-of. the part
affected. The seat of the disease would
ithen* be attacked by “uncontnminated
:
germs, ns it were,’ ; possessing . the.
atrength to ‘conquer:thd malady. :
malia, Med. News.
Auu LO ive
TRINITY. CHIMES!’
INA SME aAPH
Record 1s to Be Taken Next Sunday
and Wil Be. Placed ong
; Sale.
" usic. of Trinity cathedral chimes
path eard by thousands of peo.
other than residents of Omaha
chsh the medium of the phonograph.:
The chimes are exceedingly sweot, and
are noted al over the country for thelr
urity of tone; Sunday morning Robert
BER nati weesrae et tinge el
‘euring phonograph rec =
Yenown hymns, as played by C. E. Lan-
y C
‘mendorfer, who, realdes over tho key-:
‘board of the bells.
1, St ‘ia understood that du-
‘pita racoras ‘will. be ‘mado by tho
Phonograph companies, for general sale,
Tin, ahi "
inti
ot Na
SMMULL THEATRE
“YNSLOT MACHINE.
Minnekealis: Man Is Treaaurer
.of Concern Being Formed’,
in Chicago.
H. B, é. ¢Minneapolis is the
{reasurer Qf¥" company being formed
in Chicago with a capital of $3,090,000,
to manufacture ‘a slot machine which
combines (hg phonasraah and the mov-
Ing picture ‘tis, in short, a
miniature theater.
T.: F, Solon, a former member of the
Wisconsin legislature, and, until re-
cently, a regident of Duluth, fs the In-
ventor, He is in Chicago superintend-
ing the munutacture of twenty exhi-
bition machines In the factory of kh. J.
White.
Former Governor Peck of Wiscon-
sin Is a director in the concern. He is
arranging for the Introduction .of the
Inventior. to the public.
Mr, Solon fs the president of the cora-
[pany, R. I. Tipton fs secretary. In the
directorate, besides Mr. Péck, is W. B.
Tipton, president of the South Dakota
state board of charities.
The first stages of Mr. Solon's exper-
iments] work were completed Jn Min-
neapolils, Harry IE. Rotchka of this
cily made the models for the inventor.
The machine resembles the moving
picture cabinets which crowd the down-
town arcades, The moving picture
mechaniam {s in the upper half of the
ense, The phonograph, so adjusted that
every motion in the picture corresponds
to- une sound or speech, is in the lower
part. % :
Wax, cylinders are automatically’
switched on and off as the scenes
change above,
There seems to be hardly any limit
to the ulllity of the mnchine.. Scenes
from: plays,’ prize: fights, operas) and
stereopticon’ views with comments are,
faithfully portrayed.» *
ray City, Me L.- Sournad
YW; Riss) .
QC} ed bod
EDISON PHONOGRAPH COMPANY
x BYISCHARGES ALL UNION MEN
A report tn made that there was a
strike in the factory tot the Edjson
Phonograph Company \t Orange, N.
J., for the nine ir work day, and
that Thomas A.—idison had. proved
himself an enemy of organized labor
by alscharging all union men In hia
amploy.. The complaint comes trom
the New Jerscy Lodge ,of the Inter-
national Assocation of Machinists
Dileg, N, y, L Menen
CCT 34
IS “AGAINST. UNION Labun
INVENTOR EDISON'S DEGLARATION |
Utica Trades Assombly Takes Action in
: Pratest—His Phonographs Put on the
Unfair List—Various Othor Matters
Brought Up at Last Night's Meeting
—Meat utters Present Credentials,
Lhomas mi, the -world-re-
no ventor, .has mude an open,
declaration agunst union labor, and the
Utica Trades Assembly has taken action.
In protest, ‘The fact of Mr. Edison's ane:
tugonism was made known to the local
tabor organization at the regular meet-,:
Ing in Labor Temple last night,; when a
communication was received from the
union machinists of Orange, N. J., stat-
Ing that the inventor has discharged
every union man in his Jaboratery and In.
the employ of the Edison Storage Bat-
tery Company, The production of the
Edison dnd the National Phonograph
Companies is put on the unfair list and
Utica: people having phonographs are
asked to buy no records that are the
Edison make. Secretary Kelly of the
Trades Councll was inatructed to write,
Mr. Edison in protest of his action.
At Inst evening's’ meeting, President
Fischer was in the chair. The Meat Cut-
ters’ Union presented credentials show-
ing thelr choice of 1. W. Potter, T..
Kunkel, F. Cramer and J. Welmer as
their delegates, They were received and
obligated.
A committee reported that the, locks
made by the American Hardware’ Com-
pany of New Britain, Conn, were untair
nnd Utica architects are to be requested
to see that none of this make are, used .
on..new bulldings. ;
~ Presldent Fischer: reported the receipt
of $100 from the New York Centra! rall-,
road us rabate on the excursion, July. 1
General Agent Brainard and” Local
Agent Hennessey are to get x formal
acceptance and expression of gratitude:
. The calling for the conditions of trade
was dispensed with, and Seovetary-and
freasurer P.'E, Kelly reported the re-
ceipts for the month as $113.48; the ex-
penditures, $60.22, .
A communication, “tron the Interna-
tional Typographical Union, stated that
jployecs joining o- labor union, such .o1
"os : Phenognapely leper
the>Los Angeles Times i unfair, tnd
inclosed a Hat of those who advertised
in ft. The corresponding secretary was
fnatructed to write these advertisers, re-
questing them not to renew their con-
tracts when they explre.
The Amalgamated Rubber Workers’
‘Unton wrote to the effect that the Mon-
arch Rubber Company of St. Louls, Mo.,
ia unfair, and a Mat of the dealers in
Herkimer county was inctosed. .
The call for the convention of the
‘American Fedération of Lubor, to be h Bl
In Fancull Hall, Boston, November 9, wis
read, .The local delegate will be named,
at the next meeting,
The Machlulsts' Union of Elmira. sent
f{ communication outlining thelr fight
ngalnst the Palne Engine Company and
asking for donations, It was referred to
the uffillated locals, \
‘A communteation received from\the
United Hatters of America stated that
D. B.'Lowe & Co., Danbury, Conn, has
sued the officers of that orgunization and,
the members of the executive council of
the American Federation of Litbor for.
$840,000 because of « boycott placed on
the company. ‘The organizations’ off
cera will fight the sult bitterly, the com-
munication sald,
The Trades Council endorsed the elght
houf, bill and the antl-injunction bill and
voted to communicate with thelr repre-
sentatives in Congress nsking them for
thelr support of tho measurer.
Miss Margaret Pritchard was elected
& trustee to fill n vacuncy.
- Delegate Rosenthal presented his re-
port’of the State Workingmen’s Federa-
tlon: convention held recently in Sche-
nectady, which was accepted,
Delegate E. A. Bates of the Typo-
graphical Unton reported that he attend-
ed a session of the executive committee
of the Workingmen's State Federation,
and that they ‘hid prepared n record -of:
all members: of the Legtalnture on labor
pills and would Jssue it for distribution
this week.
‘Delegate W. O. Jones reported that a.
‘complaint had been made to the State
Department of Lubor Inst, May that there
avere violations of the Sunday cloalng
Jaw.in Utica, and that up to the present
time no word had been recelved from the,
department except In the papers, which
now stite that the state body will en-
force the Iuw. There was an issue
whether the state or clty authorittes:
should enforce {t, The other business of
the council was of routine order, .
The next meeting will be held October
29, when, each delegate will get a mem-!
bership card. ‘These now cards provide
for an indjcation of the delegate's At-
tendanée at the counell Faanslone. Coe
“rota, H, J—hdvertset, -
“Ove 33. 1383
EDISON POLISHERS WAY.- STRIKE
ENG
“S7MpREh xe ‘with Toolmalcors—tage
Xe ‘agement Saya It Ia Prepared. |”
“:Hor‘the last tow days a .rumor: ‘has
been current that the polishers employed
jat- the Edison Works, In ‘West Orangc,
thad “threatened .. to- atrike..beonusa,§ tha!
management refused to grant the demands’
‘of the toolmakers, bifiae are on strike,-and!
‘to- recognize the union. . At
It-wna’ stated by a superintendent: pt
‘the-Edlson: works to-day: that while :tho
company, had no objections to the<em=;
‘ganizations would not ‘be recognized,
polishers - had “not “dec! fared)
strike yet, and- should ‘they decide.'to
“ant the management” Aly prepared jto’
their Positions withother workmen,
jut an;
janie
=
~Mebmesnls, iim. 2eee-
(SEE Aas.
FIVE “CENT DRAMA
‘New Slot Machine Will Reproduce
Sights and Sounds. cf Play
at Cut Rates,
pe a
Combintdfion of Phonograph and
: Moving Picture Machine—Min-
it sneapolis Man Interested, |
°. Hy B, Frey of Minneapolis and T. Fr.
Solon of Duluth ave interested In a new
varioty of slot machine that wil! provide
all the sights and sounds of a first-class
jdramatic production ot the rate of &
ents an act. A similar invention ts now
exciting applause jn Germany.
vMr. Solon ,tho inventor of the auto-
matic theater, is now In Chicago auper-
Intending the manufacturo of his ma-
chines. Twonty of'them havo alrendy
Deon completed, Le has organized a
‘company with an authorized capital of
$3,000,000, Ho is ‘the president, the scc-
retary and treasurer ts Mr, Frey, who
has financially alded the enterprise. The
directors include Foymer Governor G. W.
Peo kof Wisconsin and W. EB. Tipton,
president of the South Dakota state
board of charities,
The machine {teolf resambles the mov-
ing pieture cabineta which crowd the
downtown penny arcades, In the upper
half of the case Ja tha motion pleture
mechanism, and In tho lower part tho
phonograph, so adjusted that every mo-
tion In the picture corresponds to tho
sound or speoch, if any in the phono-
graph below.
* A cylinder revolving at lightning speed
earcles the rolt of pictures, whilo In the
tatking mechanism wax cylinders are
automatically switched off and on as the
“scenes of tho drama chango abovo,
The person who drops the nicke! places
the tubes from’ the phonograph to his
ears and immediately Is informod that
-he should look thru tha bull's eyes abovo
and see tho first scene of “Hamiect.’’ At
the word you sec the soldlers marching
back and forth and: herr the clank ‘of
their arms, ‘Thon thoy gesture and speak
ominously of the apparition which has
late appeared. Hamlet appears beforo
your vision, then the ghost, and you heer
\t say: “Iam thy father's spirjt, doomed
for: q. certain term to walk tho’ night."
weg BL 1903
INGENIOUS TA UGG MACHT
pom
Has Lins anid Teeth and In a French
man's Ya¥ention
‘at
‘A talking machine tliat hds\created no
ttle sensation is that Judt ‘pkoduced by
Dr. R. Marage, a wollsnowns, member
ot the French Academy of Medicine, It
4 on Interesting device, which repro-
duces with perfect accuracy tho sounds
of the human volce, not, as In the caso
of the phonograph, by merely repeating
words spoken by # person, but by 2
process which ts purely mechanical from
tart to finish, and in which no word !s
spoken by any human being, ‘The sounds
aro’ produced by a system of vibration.
Attached to tlie machine are a sorics
!of plaster heads, five in all, representing
tho five vowels, a, e, J, 0, u. They are
each a perfect model of a Person's mouth,
fitted with pllable lips and perfect teeth,
Alr currents, set in: motion by the mn-
chine, ara made to pass through the
dummy mouths, which aro fitted with
sirens,
Through his invention Dr, Marage has
discovured that the steam sirens used on
board sh'py can be so constructed as to
imitate certain sounds, Thus different
phonetic syllables may be obtained which
could bo used to form an internationul
alphabet. By an ingenfous contrivance!
Attached to thls wonderful Instrument Yt
fa poneible to see reflected in a tiny
mirror the vocal chords of a singer,
By the same device one can also traco
their action, and. sec how, as tho note
, gota highor,. the aperture between them
Decors Jess and less, until when the
top note is renched it 1s atmost closed.
{As the force of alr current expelled ba-
coms stranger, the opening decreases in
slxe. It increases as the force becomes
less. Tho smaller the aperture, the
greater the vibration, This Is how human
boings get thelr singing voices, “There
is no mystery about it, declares Dr.
Mavage, “It [so ’ purely | mechanical
process, based on known laws of higher
mechanics.""—-Sketch, ”
Weak, W.-. Herein,
— ASEP 171993"
TOOLMAKERS.-NOT- RE-EMPLOYED
Hdtson Phonograph ' Co. ‘Announce o
That 01d Men Munt Stny Out.
fates
7 No offort has been made by tho man-;
agoment of the Edison Phonograph Com-
pany, of Woat
ten toolmakers who quit work Tuosday
afternoon and it. was stated by tho aupors
‘intendent of the machino department this
‘morning that the men would not got: thelr
old places back again, © a ae
_About four months age the regular tool
‘makers went out on strike and several ace
‘counts as to the cause of the difficulty
were published. According to: the super-
‘intondent the men went out becauss.a
new foroman and two mon wore dis:
charged, Whon these men were dlacharged.
&. rumor was current to the effect. that.
ithey were laid off becattee of the fact that
thoy had been active {n ‘circulating, a ‘pe
tition for shorter. hours, _ eat, tek
Worl? Jersey Bit
peered
OCT 24. ud
PHONOGRAPH VS,
~~ TEATSERVCES.
Evangelist Not Popular and His
4 Nelghbors Take Many. 2
Ways of Srawing It. -
Rev, B, 8, Taylor, the “Cyclone Byan*
Kollst,"” a regularly ordained minister of
the Mothodiut Eplscopal Church, haa
chused considerablo oxcitment in. the
‘yleinity of Rochester avenue and Dean
latrect, Brooklyn, whore he has pitched
his tent and. holds revivals overy night |
except Saturday, .
A humber of residents have not taken’
‘kindly: to the clergyman, and as @ re-
sult the top of his tent ts covered with;
‘old,shoes, tin cans and a few dead ents,
So many persons have annoyed him that
Rev, Charles P. Henningson, assistant
pastor of the Utica Avenue Pentecostal
Tabornacie; on Utica avenue, near Dean
streot, nppoared in the Gates Avenua
Court’ yesterday to make a complaint
aginst a woman who Is alleged to ‘be
the leader of the opposition. wy
This. woman {s sald to be the owner of
a phonograph. Just when Mr. Taylor
bos his congreention. singing hymns, the
phonograph near by grinds out such
tunes as “Maggio Murphy's Home" and
all about the pleasures of a “sunday
‘Afteenoon” ‘nt Coney Isic, This sort of
music usually breaks up the services,
and Rev, fr. Henningson nappoated :to
Magistrate Furlong to have It stopped.
The “Magistrate igaued a summons for
tha ‘woman, ‘and she will have to ap-
pear in-‘court this monning. to explain
Z
or actions jn'the matter,
‘:Bhortly after the strike was deciarea a!
walking delegate. of the Now Jersey Dis-i
‘irict, No, 15, International Assoolation of;
Machinists, called at the. Inboratory and’
presented o petition requesting o nines)
‘hour day echedule and a minimum wage
‘Bealo of $18 per week, cae
‘The demands of the men wore refused’
and immediately their places were filled
with non-union machinists, Through*tho
effort of the union, many. of tho’ latter.
‘
have joined thé strikers, yee
-iAt presont the men work ten hours
each day and aré pafd according to thelr.
ability, somo receiving a8 high as $5 per.
‘doy._ Since the, strike was doolared.a auf:
ficlent number of new men hos ‘been em-!
‘ployed to carry on the work...
re Vg
Sree)
{ afin
EDISON. CEMENT PLANT -
{x More Ronaters, Ench, 200 Feet
H Long, Are to Re BulltTrave
! . eHing Roof, | . vi
‘Speclat Dispatch to the EVENING NBWA.” 5
i} STEWARTSVILLE, Noy. 14.—When the’
}Edison ' cement ‘plait’ near here, was
iplanned, only two ronster buildings were’
‘erected, ‘The structures werd’ 150, feet’
jlong, which was about double the: size
fof any similar building used In the cement
sbualness. Scoffers satd the building was
itoo largo and that roasters of, that slzq
yeoutd not he oporated successatully, But
‘Thomas A, Edison, the Inventor, only
‘gmited, ‘ j
j, Ho felt confident that the success of tual
‘plant was golng to rest In the, roastoya,-
‘and the tests have proved the windom, of
ithe Wizard of West Orange, The large
longines do not have any trouble in keep-,
line the entire plant In operation ‘and
jeament ts belng turned out by tho carload.
(The other machinery ts capable of moro
ithan double the present capacity, but
jmore Toasters are needed, i
‘Plana are now being drawn for slx
more of these useful adjuncts to a cement
mill, and the 150-foot structure han been:
‘no successful that Mr. Edison has decided,
‘to have. the now ronstera 2 feet. tong!
and. they will be six in number and be!
(erected on the hillside south of the press;
ont buildings. \
jgAnother Invention and odd davice ‘of
Mir ts a moving roof for tho
7 y. A: track has been laid on each
jaldeof the deep quarry and a steel roof
{la connected with tho tracks, At night.
‘and in stormy weather the employes can:
feontinue:.their work inthe quarry, the’
jroot. being |mnoved at will. In order to;
shelter the! men working beneath. The:
[plan fs;being operated day and night.
N.Y, Morning Journa
“NOV! Le 1905
,
EDISON TO ERECT SIX:. -
PHUGE CEMENT BUILDINGS
+
Will’ Be Doubled. «9 ©:
a . . ae .
Plana“ are being deawn at the’ Bdtaon|
Jaboratory,.4u7 West Orange, for six- new.
buftdings to be added to the plant of the!
Hdlson-,cement works at “Stewartsriile.)
rhe :-bulldings. will contain ronsters, | and
WI be: 200 fect long. Scoffera ‘nald i the,
original: .bulldings . were too large. ~ “This;
\amused--Mr. Edison, The large * engin
operate.the, entire plant without difscult,
‘aud: the output will now be doubled.
Output of the Works at Stewarteville
fcAcuntque! invention of Mr.” Edlson's: tsa!
hmoying. roof, for. the .quarry....A. track: hag;
‘been, Inid on each ‘sida of: th Heep: quarry]
‘and. cel h: is: ted? withs th
iat.
it
eine
Dp “ Comet"
tod
Ware ayy
~ Sep 9g” Mein
88.195
EDISON CEMENT PLANT. :
Under-Fall Headway—tnportan
| hangen Made of Late,
‘Apeotal-Diepateh to the EVENING ‘NEWS,
\ BSTDWARTVILLE, Sept. 28.—Tho: Kdl-
HOU cement plant.at«Now-Villag 4
‘here, 1s about-ready to resid wo!
‘compan: hos shad: a" largo’ force’
Mi ic sors
fe
on, elght ‘lives \were ' lont,:
Laat week! the-crusher was putin ‘opera<:
tlon and .:ghowed "the. ‘wuccess of’ tho:
changes made slneo “the plant’ hag ‘been’
idle, ‘The.-ponderous_ machinery: worked
to perfection, and made a record of ‘crush’,
ing nivoty-threo carlouds of cement: rock’
in. three hours, ‘Thomas’ AL 1 "
jnventor of the Trento een
wufacture, has been glvidg bis pe i
attention to the plant. Steam has ‘taken?
the ‘place-of electricity in the coal: plant’
and-cHminates the dunger of an explosion
almilareto the one of Ingt March, Two.
alr: compressor plants ure now.sin .use,
‘Pho new coal plant Ia expected to be ‘put:
in ,operation Wednesday, and then tho
manufacture. of .cement ‘at. this: large
Works .will; be resumed upon a scale ‘not
94a be gs ect
tec
equatied anywhere else, dn, the country, a
Wew York Timés.
SEP 20,1903
(EDISON: REVER {0 STEAM.
Do giasrerteyew ith
in New Jerse
Sleotric Machinery,
y Cement Plant.
: Special to The Ney York, Times, ‘
+ AVEBT ORANGE, N. J., Sept, 28.—Thomas
Ealson has been giving his personal at-
ftention to the installation of the now ma-
tchinery in the Edlgon cement plant at New
tvilnge, near Stewartaville, which will re-
fygume. work Ina few days, Mr. Edlgon has
‘Had.n large force of men at work ever since
the: exploslon, there last March which cost
'the-liv nt men" ” fs
rhe new machinery, has been tested and
‘ound to work perfectly, Steam hax taken
{the place of electricity, a. new departure
for, Mr... Edison, '. who. generally " inakes
changes: in -tho- other direction, and (thin
Hchange $s. said to remove the ‘Hability: of,
feration, ti When the works -aro in full op-:
it {s'claimel, more cement will be;
Coed tout than: by’ any ‘other. firm in: the,
he ccttt BEER
peountr,
wate pate bos ‘i
pA employed at‘the
beng cemeat works et Stowartswile, N.
Are! on ‘elelie. | Thoy ‘went vilt-
‘pumber-of the “eenployees ae pecaus
took, a: day's vacation Labo
:
it
Aj state i
vewhen full, pay for the, time th
2 * reealv the Edison
| Word was received at
‘york In West Orange, yesterday to
the- effect that ‘all the union men gm.
ployed at the Egle pom ty wor! eat
Atewartaville were on strike.
z bor Day,
day's vacation on Lal
to do so ha
Poe and thirty-five of these men,
were discharged. ore
made to #ecure the ré-
i Eteorene vot the ;.men, discharged,
3:
“without: success, a suit:
SAMTEville, N.T-, Septs'11--ANl tho
‘anton’ men employed at the ‘Edison Cement
Works. are out on strike.” Tha. foreman
in. the :mechanica}- apnea ty aavious,
g about n’.sattlom y Attia)
fo pe reeommended ito the -manngera jhae,
ho ‘jemands of tho:strikers, be, acceded: to)
put his ‘suggestion’ Las been: rejected._.-:
SEP, 29 1908
STEAM REPLACES. ELECTRICITY.
ABV it
Edtuon | Changes Power at Piant!
AAiWhere Light Men Wore Kille
ESmmbemils “Al Balaol has heen giving f
tho installation
av ‘machinery in the Edison’ cement!
a sy; Villago,..noar-Rtewartaville;
ime ‘work ‘in’ a. few days.
Mri n hes had a largo force‘ot.men,
ntiworkéver' since tho explosion. there
March, which cost the lives of elght
: piston oO)
The now machinery hop been tested and
Pfound';to avork porfectly, Steam: has,
ken,:tho placo of olcctricity, .a now dee,
(parture, for Mr, Idison, who generally,
‘makes: changes in the othor direction, and
Hia‘change is sald to remove the MHability.
Xplosion... ee ve echoes
en the works aro in full operation,’
‘claimed, more. cement will bo turnod
than}by any ‘other firm in the coun-
ra ETE aT -
ermission to‘do 6d hid not-been granted,
hirtystlva.of these wore diachiniged.
Ettorts’ were made yesterday to socuro
the reinstatement, of ‘the men without
gliccoss,-and as a rssultca atrikd wad d2-
clared and: the unoa haw-refused: to pat
tie? on any.terms other taxu ¢he rein:
I mon’ dlsonarzed, , With;
st,
——
idereon, N. J. - Prost D “Batty, Brerage”
AOA. | ‘08 fou
te ‘of. ihe) mmny thingaimy. fatheris"
working an. “util how heen for,
can aeons.
lyn’ MO ana olher necesnrys ups
Cor, ‘ab-eledteteal pint Had
adlgon accomplished, “elgat “yen
Diva. he: has ‘today hs ‘the concen,
tration of fron ore by the “separation, of
rude, ove by ‘mugnetlany, It would,
pee igre tl cismmereial sickens,
it Is, he hos only. Aitistied himbelt
tinit 1,.could be done, He spent $5,000,-,;
900 In endenvoring to perfect aly Idens.;
ire Edlgon ‘Is stl Working on the:
¢
phonograph; nse he doesn't believe. At:
¢ompleted in its present, ‘form. « eo is:
Atshtly , deaf nnd, wants: to Invent’ aw
phonograph which he eun. hear awith}
saAL present he, ts, ate
“puns. Ml anid
gitar ar an
tity wale,
satter n sumer Cc
slating his father ‘iy
his new electric roneratar, Wns’ Ree
"Yesterday by a Press
talked’ treaty concerns is the pgst
complisbments and me ent “work ¢
sthe famous inventor, a
1. Speaking of the new renorator, th
Brentent: of atl trlumpls"ii the fivens?
sfor's conquest of ale tehty, Mr, Tal
json pals “My father Cn has alway
‘been to gel more. ene aut of: te
aimee than has: hi lutere been done,
“Made Discovery In Odd Manner.
“His present Alapheaizin was Aixeo
One. day 1
‘ait down ona indan'a ety: hat arid as!
‘he dld so there Ishued spout betieuth a
out” a plece of the felt Na used, it: as a.
'storgge, butte 8 beeli the brasls ‘diaphragm, with! suecéssful restilts, -
all his’ experlinents, “and he has now In } omy father ‘anya thnit practlea) store
doa vertuin ehemleal composition. age battery, will never be a suiccesy for
Which reduces, welght dud Increases) ydars to come, The battery. which *he’
Howire Three pounds, of this “fue! will: ‘how has, and ‘wile in called tu stopi(ge
eRerato: tight iy house buttery, Is merely. an aceunilitor ‘and
4 hours, "ned vas to-be suppliéd: froni” tlnie to.tf
hes of the generator Is 60 SIM. > Bome Inventions Never, Made-Pubile:
ie that any person Qf ordinary mately Mr. Edison sald: dint his father: had
kendo can Actas engine Invented: many things wh{ch tinve/never’
énerator ‘fh’ Wonderful Apparatu Vecome-known to the public, As:soon
Bix fect long, 6 feet high und.S fe nH they. are-known nt all, coporations.
Which would! be ‘raltied by thédy Intra
duetion make him a lurge offer far" its’
ston, The inventor, aiid Mi ‘
fe but f9 years old, and bis hal 1s: per:
fectly. white, IHa‘ right eye -wastin«
jured about, two months ago whtla exe!
Pe tenting: with the Neray’ and ae
he willLnever agaln-hive ansthtiiey
0, 10, with tis ty ention, + He works 20
ura every, day! He: int how owarkta
in ‘tin “eloctricnl Inve nitions! ;
tis bompieted, will aurnrine
the: iso Hatter
of mite aia Ingle tour
rhenwe “the outhis:
dlalmost. nonin,
VAS: yerently, w plenged:
Paw end says dt dsfacde=;
vig Hes rethist aia feat
ish by" "HiGSICH cei
plasty. springy but |
ginenhe ‘tbrothey” on
nstead, = The. Indnet
i Hatteras anit’t
hang cement. in. the, urgest fucto
stu} Helnd. Jn .the worlds 1p is loeat
f " Hh, Iden ‘for
ee budiness ik owing. i io wait
‘hivented:
-——
ele eae See 8 a SO eta a | eres Cea
Clippings
1904
ORAS Sons
erment “mi}lsntsva'
~dloged down Angonditt Bay,
cet “@nireday™ inighit.«
“Nida “beén“ tifa on -tor =
sated. .tQ_resumo BAS on woul Ba
ve reoiupany ems. ae oh, a oners
ae Adep coe
a has bean reesivea that be:
emént Companys Who
es ey e Ai
i bie. cement’ “ialnest ae
“pros Hex ete t sre aie at!
LP NARESH tn he Nn
“JAN 16.1904 ~
Cement Plant) 0 + a,
irdtayitle, N. J. Jan! 15.—~It is rad
‘portted * on “reliable authority: that -ttid
(diaout cement mill, near here; will not
reaumie the manufacture of coment
AUl'the first of dune. In the interim: fia
new. ronstters will be built nnd other:np-'
purntus installed, which will dotble “the
-
eryy: and +
{pluie agin
feed i nat tachene
gin fn!
@ famous inventor at Or @,
me State, for the utilization, of |
bres by crushing and maguetic
mn. ‘Che success: of. these, proc,
i “Orange indicated plainly that: they}
id:sorve admirably for the reduction!
ment’ rock and cement clinker In’
ifacture ‘of Portland cement: 9}
y,was Mr, Edison convinced of;
sibilities uf his rolls In this claai,
that he undertook, the rath
uresome task of constructing ;
“mill equipped with them inten’ of}
ndard grinding and crushing \mas)
vlioso efliclency hag been demon-|
| multitude of experienced \
ay.:be said, therefore, that the;
New Village have . bee!
ther novelties in cquipment: and:
triiction were evalved by the builder,
Raxdlstinctive: featuro’ of the “works:
raga 1
@ tof roll crushers und grinders)
both
h
‘tho raw materlal'and the jclinker,;
@7 Iecation that most naturally., sug)
ested: Itself for the now works was’tho,
tYrock ‘district of eastern Pi
Tho calcination’ of:
Derforitied by meats: ofr ty!
Two of these only aro in operation!
Present, but future extension’ of ‘the
{house sufficlent to necommodits
Al more has been provided for. The!
Acting aro of the. ordinary rotary typo,-bnt}
Haye been -constructed with’ the ‘extraor-|
inary length of 150 foot... The kiln aheng
20,0f cast tron,tind Uicy are carried’ ca
on: ithirty. supporting whecls, | a
searing ‘into a r, * the
heklins The raw materials!
each’ kiln by a screw convoyor,‘and!
the ‘clinker falls first into’ a rotary -coolur:
And»thence into a bucket con :
7,Qhio ofthe: final Processes is thus ‘¢
scribed: “The. fine cement from the een
rators 8 removed from the dust’ bins -b
Scraper conveyors,’ and from them’ it.-ts,
eae by ‘other conveyors to the cement,
stock house. of 100,000 barrels capuelty,,
iIn. the stock house the cement ig dampen)
in. two piles, one at.each end, Between
tthe’ two piles isa traveling
fscrew conveyor, Tike tho Ooo aWwings |
ing: screw — conyeyor in the. -' raw!
puaterial storchouse, this device? consists
jai A screw conveyor suspended below aid!
{in Jline with a vortleal steel tru OF
[fre extends trinsversely - Rerpss "
building, and fs carried on wheels
tond,. which-permit ft to be moved: bay
fand. forth lengthwise of the buftdin;
‘this to feed Jnto the ‘piles of cerien
take it to the channel hopper. Got
tepreyy the ; cement.-to ig
‘
hich -is ‘equipped
i eee
RIVAL TO EDISON'S WORKS.;
nit fs
TGeuient Piaht to Ne Estuhiinh
225) stowartaville by. Fried Engl
3° Weertng Company
‘Fried Engineering Compan: Or-
hac scoured options:on ‘the “proper- :
‘Charles Oberly, Owen ‘Oberly’ and!
a8 Hyndahaw, at Stewartsvilld, ‘and!
jen to ercct 2 cement Plant. Thomas
son bas a large-plant ‘there'and tor!
years: Calvin T. Fried,:shend of!
k rs
‘the; pd: any, Was onc. of. Mr.-Edis;
tee ehthand men. Ho js anative ot:
Pa. and ty the invdntor of the.
aie ore Dry Process Separator. | His!
COMpiny, has already mado, arrangements |
i any has,
prospecting the‘propertics at. Stewarts:
gana expects -to: mit aritig’on
tifew days: * to:
iM bea laboratory: to
and’ ‘a -chomist «in ‘c}
t
(dinttted wy however,
aiaeinetnnetdatieev as
wtold 726, re R
Compariys}
ACES YS
ot
a crohort
ar (napector. ‘a
‘at!, New! (Vil
neat Abork™ Monday?
of Stewartsvillo,; wi
pronounced:
Ch
Fg hee Sortuuana venient Uo,—in Operation.—Tho:
E n- Nov. 27 sent the following letter to President
‘Shelmerdine in Philadelphia:
Tho works of this com any, of which I am the designer and which
are equipped with spectul up-to-date machtnery,
‘ha cement detag pr
the standard testa and fil a2) Government speol:
ready to make shiprients.
Hoations,
are In operation ang
‘aduced ai} stand all
Tt haa the
advantage Of helng tho finest ground coment on the market; 85 per
ent wil paca 0 200-mesh sorcen. £ {tly delleve experience will
rove our cement to be the beat and most relable now made,
The “Iron Age” of Dec, 24, in a 1014-pageillustrated article
laplaying the plant, saya:
‘he plant now hase capacity
, the operation requitlog the labor of 3
of an:
About 10 to 20 per'cent.—v, 76, Dp. 544,
of 1,500 barrola
00 mon.
doubling tho present output without exoseding t!
othor dopartmont except that of raw mato:
ia estimated that the labor oost of operation will
por day of 24 hours,
For four, rotaries,
ho present
lat fine gri Ry 1b
ry increased by only,
Pia aera ;
R MADE OF KAISER'S VOICE:
fewerc a TO Phonographig .
“Mater fox Phoetio | paet
BERLIN, Fob. p.-Vhonographic : records’
‘of Emperor Witlldm'a ydlce, on metal ma,
trices, ‘will bo the first deposits made tn
the phonotle archives that aro to ba kopt,
‘at, Warvard University, and in tha Cons;
igrensignal Library and tho National Mu,
‘soum In Wasbiiigfon. © The Emparory pan:
y ny no} Dr, Faward W, Beripture:
the goplcativeniiyy thteugh. whe Uattee.
‘States Ambussnvr here, has glvoh two ex-
fio ree ble, vete for permanent /preseryu-
“Dr. Beriptire in. a memorandum of tho’
subject ‘Bu! mit \in advance to, the Court,
-Qunaahal, descr 4g tho meaning of his. ree!
“Thy pihonetle archives are to Ineludo:
Feeordy:from such persons as will presume.
‘ably havo permanent -histotleal interest tor
‘fme ea. The importance of the undere-
aking can bo catimated by considering’
‘What would tinve been tha present valuo:
of. voice records by Demosthenes, Shake-
speare or Emperor William the Great, - An°
advisory committee of eminent Americans}
has Preparad 4 Ist of ten living Americans!
of tho first historical importance whosa;
volces wilt be preserved. I wish to recor:
the- Emperor's voico as the first European’
sFecord deposited In the archives.” vee bf
i, Tho Emporor-recelved Dr. Scriptura afters
ithe morning church service on Bunday, - Het
spoke twice into the apparatus, Tho first;
ig iindsr, made Specially for Harvard Unl-,
Ferslty, contained observations on Fredor-)
the Great. The other waa n.short d
uisition.on.“Wortituda.In Palntion—-« facta
These archives of voices are sald td bi tho
rat. instituted for historien! ‘purposes. |). 2-7
‘awark,N.J.- News
First Shutdown‘in: Four Yours _
Tho Edison Phonograph Works in’ Weat
Orange eweelt inorder!
to muke necessary repairs, For tho past:
four years tho fuctory hns beon so busy:
that it hag been impossible to thoroughly;
vorhaul tho works, und’ wocord ingly et
vas decided to shut down for a weelt to,
ake . répalra,—__ Tho _foremen of _ the
arious departments Ata |takhig tholy. =|
ations this weols. 022) bomen
aqenr Tork Times.
er ee ee
RECORDS OF MAISER'S VOICE.’
Phonographic mi Made for Ameri
~ /oan Institutions be Kept for
Zé : Historical Purposes.
BERLIN, Fob. 3.~Phonographic records
of “Emperor Willam's“"Valee, on ‘metal
matrices, wili- be the first deposits mada
inthe plionctio archives. that aro to bo
Kept at Harvard Unlvoralty, ene i he
r nal Library and the Nationa!
Seieumeae Washington. ‘Tha Emperor,
upon the application of Dr. Edward A
‘Scripture, the. paychologlat, of Yate: Uni+
Voratt , through the ‘United States -Am-
j basando: here, has given. two examples
of-his valce for permanent preservation.
| “Dr, Scripture, in @ memorandum. sub-
mitted to the Court Marshal, sald: ;
\
‘Tho phonetic archives are to inclido
réecortg yrotn auch porsons as. will pre-
sumably. have permanent historical Interest
tor America, ‘Cho tmportance of the under-
taking: can bo estimate ‘by; conaldoring
What, would hava been tho present value
of ‘Volce records by: Demonthenes, Shakes-
peare,.or Wmperor Willlam the Great. An
Advisory. Committes of eminent Amoricans
ton. living Ameri=
hits prepercd a list gt don. t Tepgrianes
jony pales ad tho’ flrat |he -the : firat instituted’: fo:
tha archives,” purposed, - - a ets
ann oF. tho tinat wh
ose, volves : ,
to record His Ainfesty a “yalee
Eurapean record
3m om :
‘throughout the elty, 1
{Wau seritenced to ‘serve three months ‘In:
ithe .'penitentiary ‘to-day by Judge Mes,
rel Pia gee ey pag
‘y Greenfletd, alded | by fivo confederates,
a
‘year, cand was finatly: dotected throuplr;
‘Victor H. Rapke, a distributor for the Edly
8QGe2honograph Company.. Rapka ‘teat{-:
jfled at ‘the triat ofGreenficld that many
:dealers wero defrauded, ‘
:* Greenfeld, propossessing in appearance,
fand‘a good-talker, would buy a $35 phono--
-8raph froma retail dealer, making 4 do-~
sposlt of $5, and-agreoing to pay thebate,
‘ance. at the rate of $1 a month. : Ho gave
Wot Phenoennpts — Se nerab”
NEW Yor” G0ORR..-
UN 24:04,
a,
at
‘SWINDLED BY PHONOGRAPHS
Me
. ne =) f
{ eenileld: Bought on Teehiniat]
“tor.$5 anid ‘Then’ Sold for $10,."
nfessing. hts ; i tc
athod . of rabbing:
toto an, Ingenfor
* ph
jaoph Greennold’
Mabon: . .
¢arried’ on his ‘Kchemo for moré ‘tha
fas‘reference the namo ofi.a confederate.
-Grognfald, in turn, sold the machine for
1$10; changed his place of residence, as also
did his confederate, In a day he would
jobtaln as many as ofght machines,,which
he quickly, disposed“of,’.
WY. World
1 BER at 1904
RMSE TALKS
—WTO-PHONOGRIPH.
“BERLIN, Feb,’ 3.—A * phonographtc
Tecord of Emperor William's. voice! on
‘metal matrices wilt he the first! depoalt
‘In the phonotio archives ‘att Marvard
University ‘and in’: the Congressional
Library and the Natlonal? Musoum’ xt
‘Washington, |. .: Saale Saedbena RN EE
-On ‘application: 6¢ Dr, Edward. iW,
Bcripture, the paychologist of Yate; ~
Versity, through ‘the United Stntea Am-
bassadot ‘here, (he Emperor hag given
two oxamplos. of his volce for: permnt
nent preservation, ¢ set :
In & memorandum’ sent: to the court
marshal. explaining tho ‘request. Dr.
. Scripture -wrote:"
:.VTho. phonetic archives aro -to Include
records from. such persons as -wiil pre
sumably have permanent historical. in=
torest for America. -The tify ortaneé, or
the unvertaking can ho veatimuten by
considering what would have beén the
prosent sale of ‘volee. records by Ie-
hanes, Shakesppara or F
thé ‘Great. Mera oe, ee Mera
“An attvisory committee of eminent
Amerleans ling proparéd a Hat of ton
living Americans‘of tho first historical
Importance Whose volces will, :he cnre-
sérvedi. T-swleh-to record His Atadeatys
Volco-as tho first Euronenn record. do-
posited in tho archives,” . oe i
qihe Emperor recetved -Dr: Scriptura
gitor yee morning | church service: on
During the making of ‘the record ‘the
Emperor was alone with the phonograph,
He: spoke into it: twice. wa
Y the first cylinder, mnde especially tor
(Harvanl University, contalned observ;
tons on: -Frederlok -tho’ Grants The
other . was “a “short disatiaition oh
"Fortitude tn Pali.’ 1 edetas
These archives ‘of votces said to
historical
-toveland.f.-Plotn-Deatee
GAN 8 1904
‘ ; DEVISES NBW PHONQGRAPH, 7
(Minn’ Hennte ‘Johnaon ae Prof.
i yincay’n Invintion.
Loula Dey to ye
Prof. Louls Devineny!. formerly private
reerctary to Mayor Johnson snd ht present
secretary of the bonrd of ainking fund
‘ Drs, tins Invented a new pond
comma it fe cluimed, tlocs smway
with the nasal tone characteristle of, tha
iHdieon phonograph Vrof, Devineau Baw
4 atent. bares
on nly tuts, Yreek “Misa essle Jotinan,
“daughter of the mayor, tlked — into
evineau's model phonograph. ‘The solnd
of‘ her volce was afterwards expctty re-|
“produced without the slightest nasil” 01
aed ik much’ interested {n phono,
graphs, Some time ngo he sccured a pate
‘on. fv collapalble-phovocranh tramnes,
Chigarn We Dannnd oral yt,
oul 3 1904 ©
SENDS PHONQGRAPH T0 HUNGARY
Chiengons HIT Mexpnsen Home.
ey. Instend of Golng, Himaelt. |
Kolin of Vernon avpnuo tells the fol-:
lowing story nbouf the nhonograph: wed
“2°My brother a) camp to America twen-'
‘t¥-two years agdf ¢ shy Hungary. Once:
stnco my brother wWent"back’on a visit. Hl
I-could not go, we bethought us‘of ai te
t
to please tho home folks nearly or quite‘as.
muchas if I should g6. We knew that they,,
had never seen or heard the phonograph,
which in itself would pleasa them grently,:
and to add to that, the Wondorful thingtof!
hearing wu voico that they would well know
was mine would, by.tho very novelty ofthe
thing, do much to assungo any. disappolnt-
ment they mighty fect ‘nt my not coming:
also.. We securedane of the machines and
a lot of records,:which would give them
music, speeches and.all that; on blank rec-;
oxds I tulked mesnges to our parents and:
tho’ others, In Hungarlan, Gernian and
English. : % v, ‘Det
+. "Of course the machine was‘o mighty:
Wonder, nnd far boyond tho proverbial niha:
days. Friends and relatives came for, many
miles to.my fathor's house to hear tho amaz-j
ing. thing, and-of:course al! were delighted:
and-fasclndted. “My brother-says. ho
Kept. fo°much employed working. “i
{eling forthe people, who begged.tothear it:4
thnt:ho fnally:had to make trips away trot!
homolin ofdér‘to‘obtain.smuch-t eeded!Feat,';
TOA lot ‘of. blank records that: my<bro
ith him werg utilized in sonding mes
sages ito. me. It. would -ba ‘far ‘boyond the
Pdwer: of. any. words. to ‘toll ‘of: tho ‘dolight
und: gatlafactlon-1¢ we p And je oven-yat, ito
Oslintens ta yehio Voldes, of} loved conta)
y : e Y
Vie a
"
FER. 1 Sena TaREn
4th’-Debruary; 1904.]
‘THE ELEOTRIOAL( ‘TIMES:
21670
pe LEE, was océupied Jost, Thursday with the belated discussion -
of two papors, one rend in Novomber last, the othor (puce the
’ ». Hlectrical Review) never réad at all, but talked about by Professor ©
8.. P, ‘Thompson: three weeks’ ago. Mr,.: Hronent: had a- few
words. to say’ byway. of ‘introduction, on the ‘new form’ of
"+ Edison ‘coll ‘brought .out since his : tests were: made, He had.
known’ of :this ‘cell when his paper camo out, but’ on account of
the strong spirit of oppasition he found ‘prevalent he had resolved to
write nothing which he had not hiniself verified. Ho had since ‘had
QO “an opportunity of examining: the new. cell, which’ had’ ten ‘positive’.
‘ plates and six negative, and he drew roughly on ‘tho board curves of «
1 discharge ‘at 20,40, 60, 80 and 100 ampores respectively, tho, averago
“* voltages being 1:26, 1:2, 1°15, 1°10and 1°03 volts. ‘The curves in general -
“resembled. thoso given ‘in’ Fig.’ 2.of Mr. -Hibbort’s papor, and: his
resulta were a little better than thoso reported from’ America...)
" Provessor ' Fewina said that, in. consequence of. the ‘long -
post onement of the debate, by the time'we arrived at the discuasion |
' Mr. Hibbert had arrived at a new coll, Howover, to: go back to. the’.
‘old coll, he and others ‘had: tested it, and had all-reached’ tho samo ‘
resulta og the author, . The ‘coll’ woighed 17°8 Ibs. and_yiolded
212 watt-houra, which agreed very closoly. with Mr. Hibbert’s
‘figure of 11°8 watt-hours ster pound, A most important question was.
how the cell was affected by abnormal rates of: charge and discharge,
‘Professor Fleming bad discharged :n coll through a resistance of .
0001 ohm at on average rate of 2662 amperes, beginning’ with
- ,,° 380 amperes, A coll repeatedly charged and discharged at hi;
with intervals of rest, was opened. after four months to find. the effoct
-of this treatment on: tho active material. Thero was only 14 grama
deposit in the cell, From which it might bo inferred that thoro was”
-+ little or rio local action. Further, to tost this point the Profeasor put
~ nickel ‘and iron ‘plates ina solution of potash in contact with thoir
aa oxides and left them for two months, but found no trace’ of local:
action. One plato of iron partly rusted was put in the solution and
remainod unchanged: tho rust -lad not’ extended. :-A similar experi ,
mont with lead’ and lead peroxide’ in dilute sulphuric acid would, of *
course, yield a'niass ‘of lead sulphate 'in afew hours, . In consequence
. of this Aramanity trom local action the plates: might. be made yory %
thin. . Ediaon’s discovery was that. of a particular oxide of iron which °
can be de-oxydised ‘and re-oxydised on the, passage of:a current, but -
wag otherwise. stable.’ Hence the cell was far more’ durable than'a..
lead accumulator of the same capacity per.pound, Some yearsago Mr, .
‘Wade had clnasified accumulators os léad cells which worked and
‘We havo received from Dr. Fleming the following: summary of :
results, which, .togethor with a: diagrammatic representation of some of '-
. them, were posted on tho wall of tho:lecture‘ room, ' The diagram -
indicates that it makes little difference to ‘the cell ‘to keop it charged:
for days, or weeks; before discharging,: .’ 8
Suasany oy Restzts oy Exrentinnrs py Dr. Ji As Fors, on 28-rtate’”
. Eptson Autowonite : Cent,: optatnnp’ IN.-tHe: Prxoen Eurorrical
Lanonatony, Usivenstry Copteox, Loxvon. ', Seeteapen, 1903-Jaxvany,
- 1904. Onsenvations py Mu. W.-C, Cuinton, eee ae
Tho coll if exch ciso was discharged down to’ 0'8 volt/on closed circuit oxcopt ~
_ in discharge No. 10, whero initial voltage was 0-7 volt and final O'8 volt. aes
No.of Mean - “Max, (Min... Amp...’ Watte .Provious Averngo
Moan | * J
dis- cure). , etre ours hours” “hours” “cha: charging: -
charge. rent. © VPDe rents". ront. - aischarge, discharge. “10 "ee, ee
- pAmps.
Amps. Ampe: Ampe,.-Ampay..0 0). z
1 806 1224 820 286. | 178 | a8 900 80
2. 800 * Ratt 820 «190 178° 210 | 6tu 60
8B. BED 1-208 BB. 200° 1505 103 274 oO
4° 287 = 1216 82 «170 1685 205 2c0 60 --
6 Bld 1179 57 +. BLO. 1656 13" 262 60
6) GOS «192 GD WG “UB 2 225. 100.
7. 739 LMT -: 80 41:0 142... 168; 226.5 - 100°:
8 985 1117-112, 620. 148°5 160 280° 100°"
Oe. PEG PMOL 116. 600.) 16S 2 VIB DBF 100
G62. O49. B75. 170 .~ 1156 = 7. BAG >
“40 . 1107 42:0 205°) 160° 97°
Bd VQ - BH BL 180
So OH OBL Bk AB sd
(BO AT da
g eee) - Lwo months’ rest charged
» Abd > 1278 M6 BG. <P
22 4AB 200) db. do
er res Cy) Re a 1
2 BOL 18t9 80 80. IER
% 80 M5 BO) BO" 160:
rates, .
“point of view. : The author credited his run home ina storm to the low
others which did not, ’. That classification was now obsdlete,
efficiency.
* “only 8,000 calorios,
«actions. -
* ‘the ‘materials ought ‘to be, and he ha
~ + the quality of the’ materiat was
; & golatinoud electrolyte whereby’ circulation had been. ontiroly stopped
“;: theory of the ‘cell or discuss:
“2s about the: t
~ had suffer
shai
INSTITUTION’ OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS. —
‘(HE EDISON. BATTERY? BG Se as We Ae eh NOE ee Ae,
‘Mr.; Wane said that his classification was justifiable when: ho
wrote it, threo ‘years‘ngo,’" He might modify’ his statement now, yot
makers of load accumulators’ had ‘no need: at present to’ put up the
shuttora, Ho wanted’ to hear'a little more about the theory.‘of the -
‘new cell.” Mr, Hibbert’s testa’ were all from the outside. «The curves
of voltage and dischargo in Fig. 2 wore much .the same as with. lead
cells ;‘a sudden short drop followed by a long very gradual drop, and
: then snother sudden drop at tho finish. “The theory with Jead.colls ©
accounting for this form was ono of changes in the electrolyte, a sharp
change in the density of that mixed:with the active material, then a
slow fall in tho density of the electrolyte throughout ,the: coll, and,
Inatly, a audden change.in the resistance of the plates producing the eg wes Hee
final, drop, "But swith’ an-jelectrolyte which did‘ not change’ this. . , peat 4
‘explanation was invalid, yot the phenomena were the same,” While’. Paani
willing to accopt. Mr. Hibbort’s figures ho did wot accapt'his inferences’ ~~
respecting the lead cell. ° Ita Shama eo howevor, wore thera eager for ''
the fray, and he would riot delay. ¢ Berar eas
0 battle any longer. habe Ue
‘Tho :firat champion: was Mr,.Jony, though whethor. he were'~
championing tho lead or giving évidence in favour of iron and nickel
it was impossible to-determine, “He spoka in a'low voice, and so far’... “+
ag-wo were concerned he might as‘woll have spoken in’ a foreigh
‘Ianguage, | It was the more to be rogretted, since from tho scraps we
could interpret ‘he seemed ‘to ‘know ‘Vory well what ‘he was talking ”
about. The only siageailon: We could’ catch was that the ‘amount of
‘gassing under soveral conditions of charge should be'messvred. Than ::.'..
{r, Pescatore was asked to apeak, but declined to discuss whathehad .. °° 0:
.nevor soon, and it became evident that tho storage men refused the ‘-- ice, st
fight. ‘hereon Mr. W.R.Cooren st pped the gap with a ciiticiam | oo
rathor of the paper ‘than the cell,’ It had o two-fold interest on
account (1) of the cell, (2) of automobilism. ‘The car seained, however,
‘to have been badly designed, too heavy and ‘yet’ only capable. o|
thirty-four miles por. charge. Wore the discharges oxcessive? They
seomed so on the basis of woight, but not on that of capacity. Tha
-tendoney was to decrease weight (on runabduts) rather than increase
capacity, therefore tho discharges ahould be considered from tho latter
voltage supplementary, discharge,-but “this, according to the er,
vanished if the discharge were envy, How did he kuow? Holl] Cr
voltmoter? It. was impossible’ that the change of E.MLF. on
‘arise, of tomporature should. be due to change of internal
resistance. @ output depended chiefly on quantity of active
material acted on. If. this, or tho rate of ‘action, increased, then
‘capacity: also increased; and ib was known that rive of temperature :
facilitated chemical action.’ -If-tho cell were free from local action it ts 3
was not easy to understand why the-quantity efliciency should drop . ° ee ee
‘so much from leaving the cell chargéd for twenty-six days, Eighty-
-five por ‘cent, was too high # figure at which-to put the motor ;
He regretted that. Mr; Hibbert had not touched on the + /”
theory, except for giving two equations on the last page, one of which ©
+ was incorrectly printed, especiully as/he had dono so much for the
“theory of-the lead cell,’ . Could, he verify the formulm he gavo or help
us to calculate’ the E.M.F, ‘from, thermo-chemical data, "The potash
being reformed as soon as decomposed, the E.M.F, must beduetothe 2...
difference of heata of formation of the oxides, “NiO, waa a hypothe- ;
tical“ compound and its heat of formation unknown, but putting tho
»EMLB. at 1-3:Volts’ the heat of formation from NiO to NiV, would be
Now that’ for Ni,O, from: NiO was _ 6U,000
calories, and it seemed unlikély that the passage from Ni,,0, to N O,
~~ would be’ so highly’ ondothormic. ,. Possibly. the: electrolytic ferrous .
oxide was not tho same as that produced in ordinary. chemical 1e-
” Mr. Patcnet said he had his cells by the’ ton and found them :
very, satisfactory. -'The drop in ‘potential. was -to- bo attributed .to. .*
‘exhaustion of the electrolyte in or near tte plates, and was diminished .
-by good circulation. In the early. dave they did’ not renliso-how pura- -
been told that any: testing -of
n L uite’ noedleas,., For tho, reat: Mr, )- :
<Patchell told us pleasant stories of ‘tho old days—onc abouta cell with:
-while local action went on morrily—and .chaffed..tho makers’ of: lead
‘cells for running away, If they could use ‘the Ediaon coll’ in’ theit
‘advertisements they ought, not.to be‘afraid to‘disctua it. <2." =":
44M; Appear? in‘his roply explained that ho did’not touch:on the :
dit ta internals -bécauad “ho know. ‘iotliiag ©
Tho cells'had ‘been sent,:to ‘hini -ompty. and: the ‘plates
d oxidation m oa 70 yage: hones the: need of along initial ~.°”
%
lance as to'the dope
“In confi i! ing'a
Weal
' Why could wo not -find something of the. same: spirit’ amonga'
roked tip one coll w high: had réceived
ho might montion that he bad.bi
ind’only gobki of tho’ active material
very hard usage on-a cab, and-f
.. °, “expelled. ~The proportion’ of graphite was 1, the same as‘in” the
- ” plates. He capped Dr. Fleming's oxhibition of platea,that-had been °
: r
two months in alkali, by a atory of bottles scaled somo thirty yoara
ago by Faraday and containing ‘polished iron and ateel in alkali,’ “That
metal was now os. bright as- when Faraday sealed it up, He could.
say nothing ‘about the thermochemical theory, the data were too vague.
0 did not believe there. was only one, nor two, nor throe clectio-oxides’
,of nickel. Some amusement was catiged by the very frank manner in
“hich Mr: Hibbort owned to guessing an avoraging. Ho had asked
sévoral: motorista ‘how -far they could run on a ‘single charge: the
“smawers differed widely, so he struck an average. ‘It was too dark: to.’
:vead the voltmeter—so.he guessed... Similarly, the 85 per cent. motor
,officioncy was 4 giicas with the error on the safe side, . In concluston, .-
;he protested againet uninformed and.unjuat scopticism, and told of-the
: latter. fortunes of his calls now relogated to the cab rank. “How some. .-
“came back to him for recovery having fallen grievously in capacity, and
‘how he treated them to heavy digoharges ‘and reversed ‘current and
-hoped'to prevent any such falls in future,
Sl oS Stay Phin ‘incInpverion: Motona:*,
‘Thera was a genoral.movo to tho dooras Dr, Dayspaue ro
spretend intorést, in. paper-he neéithor has read, nor can read... Or.
‘Dryadale began’ by! mseratelin Det for auch -papers as Dr. Behn-
.Eschenburg’s:we had to go to Gormany, and’ reminded us that to Mr.
O. Lasche we were indebted for an exhaustive paper on high-speed
electric railways, which was read at Glasgow two or throo years ago.
jf
% with « electromobiles,
accompanying ‘illustration
0 eavi
elcomed,: :'The form tho .component parta.of
wcomplete’cell, and’ they are numbered for easy referonce.:”:‘To most
our readors the general scheme of the battery is well known, while
ave been.tho aubject ‘articles inthe technical
nd. in. fact the. ‘illustration
l‘shows the. complete ‘cell
; ficient. clearness: tho |
cover’ three: parts ‘of’ the voutgide’ case,..an
th ‘the clean nickellod ‘oxta:
Fig. 2 shows" a plate,
“yead a laa on magnetic dispersion, After all why should anyone
‘|, {ourselves ? - By way of showing that he had something of the apirit of
. “Dr. Bohn-Esclienburg he:proceeded to tell us all about the dispe: ion
: Eon + : ae y af i. ;
Conetrrunnrs'ov THe-Entson Barrany, -
iscussion .on’ thé: Tnatitution*paper:by <.
There. is dd. therefore. bes iy to i
* goofficients of two small three-phase motors ho had at the Northampton
old respectively, and camo from the A. E.G, Their stampings con-
«, formed to the Behn-Eschenburg standard, and the two gavo practically
‘Eschenburg's paper, which’ oxtended “exactly to the firat page. ‘Tho
learned foreign doctor (whose namo our pen positively refusos to write |
for the fifth time)-gave two ways of finding o, and. preferred tho
second, the ratio of the no-load current: to tho, short-circuit current,
-reduced to equal terminal’ potentials, Tho learned English doctor
-equally omphatically, proferred tho first, .It was quite easy to put
first the stator, then
f ono could get at the rotor; it was no use for a squirrel ‘cage motor-—
curronts, but in prai it. waa not ao. One wanted an ammeter on
ammeter would read corroctly.both for &o small and so heavy currenta,
:Then there. must. be corrections: for..the power. taken to drive the ,
inotor at no-load; and for. tho heating of the copper at short circui
i tion tho trouble: with.th iT en the short-cirgnit
taken, It ‘seemed satisfactory
sourrent'is’ r all that, the pene
obtained by the voltage method agreed within about 15 per cant. witly
‘those deducod: from the Swiss doctor's empirical scecaule, ageing that‘.
mself; - Mr,
he hardly claims.more than n 20 per cent. acouracy
“PATOnELL got up to point out that the author. of the paper lived at .:
Borne, and that Berne waa in Switzorland, consequently this paper at
.any rate was not made in Germany, Since no one elge had anything to. .
say about it, and Dr. Drysdale did not wish to turn the page, the -
“diacussion was concluded and tho next mesting duly annouiced for
the With inst ss
insertion ‘in’ tho coll.’ - ‘Tho grid, which jaa clean stamping .in
nickelled ‘steel . plate, is ‘represented at Fig: 3, while Fig.'4. gives an
- enlarged view of one of the perforated pockota before insertion in the’.
grid, Figs. 6 and G:show in detail the construction of-the lid, with ita
carefully. ingulated ‘buahinga’ to take tho, lugs from’ the. Plates its ae :
atoppor 5
i inapection plug, secured . by, ati ingenious toggle joint. an
and ita'vont-hole, with non-return: valve and gauge cover.’. The cover
ia not made in one with:the rest of the- cell,” but. is. fitted -when. the
lates are.all in position; and is then: so to the.
dni soldor of .Mr,.: Edison's‘ own:invention. | Thi
usiness ia-typically:American, and is-on‘s- par‘ w
Inatitute to play: with? . These small motors wero three and five yeara ’
* fentical results, .Noxt came tho criticism of Dr.’ Hans. Bebn- °
4 rotor on the maine, and. by measuring, the -
duced voltage to get the induction coofficients required : #.e., of course,
It seemed quite easy also to measure the no-load and short-circuit °
ch circuit: that moant thrasammeters.. One wanted thesame thing ~ -
‘or. tho short-cireuit- current, and thoy must be anothor.three, for no *.
weal tea Tatngs ;
"St. ANDREW'S, HOUSE, «9°
. HOLBORN CIRCUS, LONDON, ‘EG. ont
Cate G8, elhera Whadtaet)
“Electrical ‘Times and Lighting, 2G
& Bream’s Buildings, Chancery Lana, : BQ 7.
" @ublishoa by the. lhe Times Lid.)
_ Outi from tesue dated foah Bees Coratnna sD INE
TENT? 19040
EDISON USES § |
7 -POR BANQUET SPERC
Ponty
“Wizard” at the Key While Hd
.ored by Electrical Engineers.
Bcientiets of Europe and ‘Amiertea
_ Gongratutations to the Dining-Room:
* at the Waldorf-Astoria.
{
“Europe and Amoriea joined last hight In
honoring Thomas Alva Euiwon, gucat of the
American Institute of Electrigit Engineors {
at the dinror néid“fn-ihe gatn.ballroom of"
the Waldorf-Astoria: Fagious-men of Hoth «
continents ‘wired thair tributes, and. a re-
ceiving apparatia in the banquet hall took |
the mesunges,’ which were read by the
tonstmaster,. . Waar
Tho annual dinner of the organization this.
year celebrated doublo evant—tho fifty.
acventh anniversary of the birth of Edison
and: tho twenty-fifth anniversary cf ‘tha
development.and gucceastul Introduction of |
the Incandescent lamp. Byerywhore nbout‘
the ‘banquet hall" wero evidences of :the:
handiworkof “The Wizard.” .
There wag o telegraphic sending tnstru-
‘nent such ay Edison uyed whon first he }
became an operator, and over this Instrye
ment, placed in front of tho guest of the
even|ng at'the speakers’ table, Mr.. Edison
with his own hand sent the mesguga which |
took the place of his speech of tho evening,
The message wity recefyed tu the corridor,
on.one of the Intest improved mutrumenis,
by.A: B,“Chandler, Pregtdent of tlie Postal
Telegraph Company. a ‘
A¢Morcont! wirelegs sendor and a receiver
Qido were there, and the sume message was
sent from one and taken ‘by tho other ‘at
AMifterpnt ondg of tho big hall But-‘the
most interesting feiture of the entire dis-
play that accompanied tho diner wis tho
Procession of waiters bearing the Icey, cach
one of which was contalned in a modo} of
an Edlgon invention—motors, phonograph,
switchboards, automobiles, poandencent ap,
Paratus, and the like, The, ices thom-
selves were ti’ the form and alze of Incan-
descent bulbs, and the display was ap.,
Plauded by tha GOV diners, half of whom
were women. ‘ : : bt
The souvenira of the evenlIng were small
ivory boxes, with tho figure ‘of a worhdn
holding, aloft ‘a Nght, and -inserlbed " The
Genius of the Lamp.” -There nlso were
handsomo little pins made. in the miplature
of an incandescont tamp, ‘together with
elaborate menus, in tha front of each of
which Was tho picture of a bronze bust of
Edison and below it in each case an autg-
graph signature of “Tho. Wizard," tas
At the head of tho rostrum, sat- Bion J.
Arnold, the Prealdtent of the Institute, with,
Mr, Kdigon on lus right and T, Commerford
Martin, ex-Presitent ‘of, tho Ihetilutd and
toastmuster, ot hie left. The others at tho
rucsts! table included Ralph W, Pops Juhn
Writz,, George G. Ward, Yamuol Fnsull) J,
B.. McCall,’ Ambroso Swascy, 0; 1. Edgar,
GF. Brackett, ilhu. Thompson, Charles’
wF.- Scott, O. A. Gottinn RC, Clowry; J. J.
a) Wo Wi gus, A. B. Chandler, and”
.: Flotcher, .
Prealdent. Arild -tn-his-speech reviewed
tho. historyand: the worl epegeh rev laved
and paid his tribute to the guost of the.
gyaning. . He. then, proposed: the toast. to |
White Touyo fo tho |
Shope we TS anne : "ab,
ee ‘A, roalnon, Waldoxtcamttn.'
NDER ot epee amtulate you os.one of tha Amoricane '
‘ to isin Amorica ere much,
ry o work has
ho email partion ‘ot {te present position In the |
introduced.
1 Engincers ts proud
is berehip. he. sald,
of the ye und the
dustry, and has pla
a
Wire. warihler hero nmong thom’ aud no
a
) twine tocnight
ftwon would pone
sugaaptey
By “Edesews TA. — Personae”
Presidént Noosovelt, and read the following | “ saue ob: Mesmaleon-hnd been
dispatch which tad just coma from tho | | TaRemuc foam, Chairman of the 1id-
jron ‘Medal Ageoclation, made the Droncntne
White Mouse, Wuihington, D. Gy, divon Medal Fund-and-Deed o1
” seate ior? Heb, 44, ub, ta oct Inatltnte, tt helng accepted on
ow Yorti| Senalf of tha inutitute by’ Prof, ikennelly,
Thia fund, which conslats of $2,000 rained
the membors of the tnstitute. which:
fine consented to net aa.trustee, will bo the,
yosted and fromytho Interest each year na:
Inedal will ‘bY: purchased: and awarded, na
tho ldlaon MedaR.to the atudant In olectrice
a) enagineoring whore thesis or recorded re-
foarch shall bo deomed mast worthy of
honor. 7 : :
oe wero mado by Prof. Brackett,
of” eto On Univoraitys Joseph TB, McCall,
Proaldent of: the Agsocintion of Edison 1 *
luminating Companies, attd Charles T. Ed-
Aw ono of the!
tended fo giva, Arnerica. |
V jd. . .
Btarnabional: worl TREODORE NOOBEVELT,
Mr. Martin, tha toastmaster, then was:
“Tho American Institute of Bloctrical”
to embrace in sts mem.
‘the foremost inventors
Areatose erptaing of ine
od upon its golden tab=
ho. Jets many an auspicious discovery and art nF ont of. tha Nutional Hiectrio.
colobrate, But it surely cout Find |G: LR ecotiees : 7 ;
to mankind to sianallzg than tho man
tho lamp around both of whom. wo :
tho laure! wreaths of; our:
ind love.” Ey
After the toust to tho guest, Mr. Martin”
rald that Mr. Jcdlson could make u speech :
Af-he wanted to, but ho was too modest to,
try, Hoe explained, however, that Mr, Edi’:
hig spocch over his oki,
ment. jas ¢
Y re alson was Rounding the mea-
9 Mr, Marth, read the telegrams of
congratulations which had been piling In aa
rap idly ay three operators could take them,
mong tho first of tho messages wero
those from Goy. Myron T, Herrick of Onto,
Gov. Franklin Murphy of Now Jersey, Goy,
Qdoll of New York, ex-Gov. David R. Fran:
cia of Missouri, Marconi, nnd Mayor. Me-
oan. Andrew: Carnegle sent tho, fol-
lowjng: ; ees
It is most unfortunate that T cannot be presont
when the “ King of tho Tolegrnphers "* {n-to be
crowned with tho Medal Crowt, Tho’ abrent, yet
1 here vrofens to the Monarch Joyn) and une
oilers alleglanco,. swearing ‘to render hin at
any and all times such gorvice as tho mast potent
head of the clan that over rulod Wt prone, ever
rocelyed from hia humble and dovated sublocta,
Ta which I hereby pledge our life, aur fortuno,
and our pierced honor, Lone ‘iite, *' King Edlson
tho First.’” NORDW CARNEQIE,
eat Leigoman to King Edison the iret.
“on to one and all, a
a 73" Is tho telegraphers’ code far Con-
gratulatlons and beat wishes,” -
Other messages camo from Ascoli, Presi-
dent of the Itallun Society ‘of Electrical
Engineers; from Mascart, tho leading olece
trieal wngineer of ‘France; from shert
Kapp of Bertin, and Emil Naglo .of the
anmo city;’from Lord Kalvin, from Prof,
Colombo of Italy, and from be Fodor of
Budnpesyth, Lord Alverstone, Lord Chief
Justica of England, sont tho following:
Hearty good wishes to Mr. Edigon. 1 look back
with Rrentost Intersst to his brilliant Inventions
fn electric Mehting and telephony which’ Thad
the xreat pleasure of rucceasfully maintaining
fn all’ coarts fn England, i"
By’ this tlme Mr, Edison’ had completed
his’ message, which Mr, Chundler turned
over to Mr. Martin, who read as folld
I want to thank, first of all, my followsmem-
born of the, American Institute af leetrical
Engineers for the great honor done me In thus
celebrating my birthday, ansoclated. with the
twonty-f1tth annlvormirs’ of the conipleted da-
velopment and ruccessful Introduction ‘of : the
Ineyniescant lamp. Your expressiona of rool.
will -nratify ne deeply. While I cannot but ree
jolce, at the placa which the. Incandescent Matt
Ing art hag maida for itaelf among the inestimu.
We comforts and conveniences cf civilization, T
feet that my sharo fn tha work ts exaggerated’
by. this prominence given ma to-night, « ~
“To my ‘old friends and *assoclates ‘who have
founded the Ediron. Medat in“tho tnetituta 1
can’ but extend you thanks again, Te. could
do lt In return“! would found’a medal for every
ene. of you, for-you aro just usemuch entificd
to recognition a8 .T nin... You fave me. your
fefendahtp and loyglty, your watchful days of
toll, and sleepteas hights cf. anxisty, Soma of
ou helpad to pertyct the art hy your ensinear-
Ing still, yoursltegal ability, sour financial ald.
‘The early dayn wore enough to tlre out An
one's caurage and: persistence, but you stood
all, and put vp with. mo Into tho. bargain. Na
tn ‘noble revenge fer the burdana: { put on’
and in nddition to oll the évidences: of frinn
ahtp In the past, you ndd thle unueugl token af
‘continued ‘affection, I should’ nét be” humah if
I_ were not rgfoundly alfected.,and deeply
grateful, * ~ * PEO Ae re
Thin’ medal, is! founded, to enéaurage young
men to devotd thotr best thoughtand work 0°
slectrical development. I rejoice fn.this- stimu
‘lua; to harder study. Hotter trained and ‘educated
than wera wo ploneers of tha times before. covery
had tta clectrical course,
‘thera coming men of. the future should, pnd t
bellevo witl, carry forward to trlumphs.ani
heretofore. undroamad ‘of, tho rinciples ‘and aps
Heations” of sPlectricity’ to. syitah. have. tried -
umbiy to devote my (ifs and’ energies from the
hour my hand.tirat touched the key.. God bless
thom.and you, my dear frienda, and this Ampri+
e Blectrical Engingers.,. | ae
Ani
admiration
=
reoltege and univernit
‘Dinner to Be Given by tho Porlodical
‘Association in Washington, |
frangements have beon made by the
{{Perlodical Publishers’ Association te a
MUUSE At the New. Willard the evening of)
rece i “Jurist eattoras}
5 ithora.2:will_bad
extoRother. from. ‘all ,sdetions: of the:
filted:Slutos:: President. Nooscvelt haa
pled invitation-and Will-deliver aii
‘onse“Among others’ wlio are expected to,
re the Russian ambassador, the:
German ambassador, the Japaneso mia-
ister,’ the Secretary of State, the Secretary
jo ‘War, Supremo justices, United States
senators, Cardinal Gibbons, Bishop Potter,
‘Andrew Carnegie, Joseph Jefferson, Will-
jam Jennings Bryan, Howry Watterson,
Thomys A, Ed{son, Gov. Odell, ox-Gov.
Dincleestrpmimaan, el Dr Heuty oat
Dyke,“Albert Shiw, Bliss Perry, ar
iy iranian Doubleday, Ellery Scdgwick,
{8.°8, MeClure, George LH, Lorimer, Willan
1 Howells. : of
eons having the arrangements In hand
are William BR. Howland, Outlook, chaire
mans. Frank’ N. Doubleday, World'a Work;
Oscar. W. Brady, MecClure's Magazine} oy
run Curtis, -Saturdty Evening Post, and
¥rederle I, Colver, Lesile's Magazine, sec- |
jretary.: Mr. Colvor {9 snow oe ect H
ie 1H arrangements for tho oy
one tetaiiton W. Mable of the Outlook,
pvt be the tonstmaster,
’
: f.-Pae
eh APR 18 1904.
aio V en itving in London lodgings:
gt ssome_ aut. to return to
dujuland, where, he says, ha will- discard
Ppt ean clothing at. once and resume
skins >beads,: feathers and leg bracelets,
Fo<.can”'speale Zulu, Kafr, English,
‘Dutch,’ French, Portuguese and Spantsh,'
~ THOMAS: A. EDISON’ offers this ex-
PlanatlgpaaseernBiNityta tio::the eno:
BRE dunt abou of: work ha performs: © “I'
ut just about a pound of: food per day’
<tHrée"meals, but Just enough to nourish
‘thes body... My dfet ‘conststa of .meat, |:
vegetables, cggs-or anything olso that I
Want,sbut: in- small quantities: - People
en | id drink: far too much, Indeed, -I
‘know: of"men and women ‘who are food 7
Aunk"all the’ time.:2I’ hardly. over take
any |\outdoor recreation,’ : but: I sHyo)
abstginiously, as‘ my «father. did before
Ing, sople would dict.thamacives and
rugs, ‘many ‘'common”™ -allmenta
Nd disappear.) ee
|3:DR. MONCURB'D.” CONW. YRewh
. | -contly2 colebrated ; his. 72d; birttiday;
¢{ descendants of", tho.“Was hington?3!
awa bony Alt ds Xs Ho
las) Mangarak Daniglreraiaaaa
in mi
‘
notan, Nel! News a
Judge, Bradford Decides "Tlig
Ae rerd Decide
is;A. Edigon,'Jr,| g
hs ‘docision in ong of
gho-sults brought ‘by tho favontor ‘way
Shandod down earllor tn the ‘week and a
formal decree to tho samo ono wa's ontor-
.od vestorday. dismissing the petition uf
H to dnvontor for Qn Injunction to. provout
tho company,named for his som from us-
fog tho ‘name Tdlgon or tho name wizard,
cond suit was for tho purposo of
fg tho Edison Jp, Company from
ado'mark slnilar to tho one used
A. Edison, Tho trado mark
+ Udlson I a pocullar signa’
dnventor which ia known to
10. DeOPIas ‘of soveral -countrios.: ‘The
‘ndogmarleof ‘tha. othon company. was
Neimilar-oxcopt that {t was tho ‘autograph
oe Th:
honias A. Edison, ‘Jr, ‘Pho Edison
mpany filed a domurrer to tho potl-
an Injunction which Judge’ Brad-
at tho case | |
NOTED: SCIENTIST.
we
“the -siedimont fof. this, wate
has been sent.to. Mr. Hainmer in Denve;
xind hovhas, stated ‘that: th cations
of radium ‘are: very: strong.
Thoitests of ‘the :water.made by -Pro.
essor, Wolcott ‘of the School ‘of: Mineg,:
and Dr..Shedd of. Colorado: college, ihaye,
jfattracted. Mr... Hammer's” ‘attention y
{Manitou ‘and; he.will-cor
nto: :
O LOLM Ely AAs
an, the great elect!
ra is Consldéred ‘one-of. tha*len
ttc ‘men ‘of the ‘country, re
has: made a ‘deep study of. radhus ye:
says “he is. convinced that: it sta")
‘found: in Colorado,
dl
.its effect upon future development,
Maren 5, woe(ys]
will indicate rigorously correct time. The idea of impressing upon
the carth American time is fascinating and very likely ‘to become
popular. There are innumerable devices of all kinds which are cither
now employed or can be supplied, and by operating them in this
manner 1 may be able to offer a great convenience ‘to the whole
world with a plant of no more than ten thousand horse-power. The
introduction of this system will give opportunities for invention and
manufacture such as have never presented themselves before.
Knowing the far-reaching importance of this first attempt and
I shall proceed slowly and
carefully, Experience has, taught me not to assign a term to enter-
prises the consummation of which is not wholly dependent on my’
own abilities and exertions, But J am hopeful that these great
realizations are not far off, and I know that when this first work
is completed they will follow with mathematical certitude.
When the great: truth accidentally revealed and experimentally
confirmed is fully recognized, that this planet, with al! its appalling
immensity, is to electric currents virtually no more than a small
meta) ball and that by virtue of this ‘fact many possibilities, each
baffing imagination and of incalculable consequence, are rendered:
absolutely ‘sure of accomplishment; when the first plant ‘is inaugu:
rated and it is shown that a telegraphic message, almost as secret .
and non-interferable as a thought, can be transmitted to any terres-
tria) distance, the sound of the human voice, with all its intonations -
and inflections faithfully and instantly reproduced at any other
point of the globe, the energy of a waterfall made available for sup-
plying light, heat or motive power, anywhere—on sea, or land, or
high in the air—humanity will be Jike an antheap stirred up with a
stick: See the excitement coming!
y
The Beginnings of the Incandescent Lamp.
Bee rte ‘By Tuos, A. Enison,
N response to the kind suggestion of the Enectricat, Wortp anp
Enorneer that the celebration of its completion of thirty years
of existence affords a fitting opportunity to recall ‘the begin-
nings of the incandescent Jamp, 1 am glad to put on record a brief
personal narrative of the details connected with what was to me a
very interesting period of electrical development. The occasion is
not only a reminder of‘the rapid flight of time, but of the fact that
since 1874~-the year of the quadruplex, by the way--all the great
modern departments of electrical industry have sprung into vigorous
being. We telegraphers have a right to claim this journal also as
part of our contribution to the art.
My experiments on carbiin began in 1876, when J had the idea of
making carbon wire, ete, for various electrical and chemical pur-
poses. Even at that carly time Messrs. Charles Batchelor and E. -H.
Johnson were with me, and we saw quite a business ahead in carbon
novelties. J had familiarized myself with the properties of carbon,
particularly that made from paper and -Bristo] board, and this led
on very naturally to my work on the carbon telephone or micro-*
phonic transmitter, early in 3877. .In the fall of that year’ I -was
pretty well through with studies'and inventions in that line, but
had severa) other ideas that I wanted to work up. One of these
was the subdivision of the electric light, and I began experimenting
with that purpose. My records and the voluminous testimony in *
litigation, now happily Jong past, show that inthe fall of 1877, about
September, strips of carbonized paper were tried as an incandescent
_ conductor suitable for use in lamps, and the work was followed up
until January of 1878, when the general excitement over my .inven-,
tion and exhibition of the phonograph out at old Menlo Park frus-
trated serious or continuous work for a time, in any other direction.
In fact, my health gave way‘under the strain, and in July’ 1 broke
away for a Western trip as Jar as California. ‘
Of course my mind was turning the subject over, and when I
got back in August we immediately went at it again. Around Oc-
tober and November Batchelor made a great number of paper car- |
bons, at least 50, from tissue and other kinds of paper, coated over
their surface with a mixture of lampblack and tar, rolled up into
the fine long form of a knitting needle, and then carbonized. These
“we put into circuit and brought up to incandescence in vacuo; al-
though they would last but an,hour or two. We tried a great many
experiments with paper carbons, avood carbons and some made from
carbonized broom corn. What we desired at that date; and had
settled our minds vpon as the only possible solution of the subdivi-
sion of the electric light, was ‘that’ the’ lamps © must have a high re-
sistance and small radiating.surface. About “December, 1878, I
ELECTRICAL WORLD
axnpd ENGINEER, . 43)
engaged as my mathematician Mr, Francis R. Upton, who had
lately studied under .Helmholtz, in Germany, and he helped me
greatly in calculations of the multiple arc problem. Our figures
proved that the Jamp must have at least 100 ohms resistance to
compete successfully with gas; for if the Jamps avere of low re-
sistance the cost of the copper main conductors would be so great
as to render the system «uneconomical and commercially imprac-
ticable. In this direction we tried platinum also; and when working
on incandescent platinum we had procured a ‘Sprengel meréury
pump and had ascertained that We could thus get exceedingly high
- FIG, .1.—FIRST PHOTOGRAPH. TAKEN BY INCANDESCENT LIGHT,
(Reproduction of Photograph taken by Mr. Edison at his Menlo
Park Laboratory at midnight about Dee, 20, 1879, by the light of three
of his first electric lamps. The portrait ts that.of Mr. Charles
Batchelor.) :
vactia. It occurred to me that perhaps a “filament” of carbon could
be made to stand in the sealed glass vessels or bulbs, which we were
using, exhausted to a high vacuum. Separate lamps were made
in this way independent of the air pump, and in October, 1879, we
made‘Jamps of paper carbon, and with carbons of common sewing
ihread, placed in a receiver or bulb made entirely of glass, with the
leading-in' wires sealed in by fusion, The whole thing was exhausted
by the Sprengel pump to nearly one-millionth of an atmosphere.
These filaments of carbon, although naturally quite fragile owing to
their Jength and small mass, had a smaller radiating surface and
FIG, "2.—VIEW OF EDISON LABORATORY, MENLO PARK, N. J. -
(Showing buildings and outdoor circuits lighted by incandescent
lamps, December, 1879.) : i
higher resistance than wé had dared hope. We had virtually reached
the.position and condition where the carbons were stabic. In other
words, the incandescent lamp as we still know it to- day, in essen-
‘tially all its particulars unchanged, had been born.
We began immediately to make vacuum pumps and to produce
these paper filament lamps on them. During that November we
made perhaps as many as 100 of such lamps, and the same month
saw us plunged deep in experiments and inventions on dynamos,
regulators, meters, circuits, etc., all just as necessary to the success
of the art as the'little lamp itself. Some of those paper filament
lamps had a remarkably‘long life. Each yielded from 12 to 16 cp
and they were burned on chandeliers until they gave out. The
average life was about 300 hours. One of them lasted 940 hours
and another 1,350 hours, so that commercial success. and, a new
industry ‘were already well in sight. .
But I was not quite satisfied as to paper, or even with the more
regular and homogeneous wood fibre filaments, and thus came to
take up bamboo, We happened to have a palm Jeaf fan on one of
the tables. I was then investigating everything with a microscope,
so I picked it up. and found that it had a‘rim on the outside, of
bamboo, a very long strip cut from the outer edge.
that cut up into blanks and carbonized. . On putting these filaments
“into the lamps we were gratified to see that the lamps were several
We soon had -
i
t
:
i
432 ; ELECTRICAL WORLD anp ENGINEER.
times better than any we had succeeded in making before. 1 soon
ascertained why and started a man off for Japan on a bamboo hunt.
Before I got through I had tested no fewer than 6,000 vegetable
growths, and had ransacked the world for the most suitable bamboo,
The use of bamboo was maintained for many years bntil other
Processes dealing with such material as cellulose had been perfected.
We tried even at the earliest moment of success a number of ex-
periments and things afterwards taken up again or followed through.
as for example, burning: the paper filaments in a vacuum charged
with inert gas; and @ little later, in 1880, we also “flashed” the fila-
ments with gasoline vapor.
The furore that followed the announcements from Menlo Park
as to the successful subdivision of the electric light in a commercial
incandescent Jamp will be well remembered by many of the readers
of this. The feasibility of such a thing had been denied by some
of the greatest minds in electricity, but here it was; and along lines
that have endured to this day. The best story at the time was
given to the world by the New York Herald in December, 1879, and
on Christmas Day J had already lighted up my laboratory, my offices,
two or three houses about one-fifth of a mile from the dynamo
plant and some twenty street lights. On the Jast day of the year
some 3,000 people flocked out to Menlo Park to see it for themselves _
y-and the rest everybody knows,
It.is interesting to note that in addition to those mentioned ‘above
I had around me other men who ever since have remained active in .
the field, such as Messrs. Francis Jeh!, W. J. Hammer, Martin Force,
Ludwig Bochm, not forgetting that good friend and co-worker, the
late John Kruesi. They found plenty to do in the various develop-
ments of the art, and as I now look back I sometimes wonder how
we did so much in so short a time, Early in‘the spring of 1880 ]
lighted up for Mr‘ Villard the Oregon Steam Navigation Company's
steamer Columbia, and it was not Jong before the Edison plants
began to multiply, Meantime Jamp making took on large propor-
tions in two factories of mine, one at old Menlo Park and the other
at Newark, and much of my energy was being devoted to cheapening
the price of the Jamp as well as increasing its life and its candle-
power per watt. J am told that upon a moderate computation the
production of incandescent lamps in this country, since my first
success has reached a total of 250,000,000 lamps, or not less “than
10,000,000 a year for each of the 25 years. Essentially, the lamp
has remained structurally the sume ever since 1879, in the elements
then demonstrated to be essentially vital and necessary {o commercial
success.
The Success of Loaded Lines in Telephony.
Upon the announcement of Dr, Pupin’s invention, successfully
applying self-induction to the improvement of telephone lines, there
was much sensational talk in the daily newspapers and elsewhere
concerning the use of the invention in telephoning across the Atlan-
tic. The possibilities of such a brilliant.project were’ so attractive
that little attention has been given by the public to very important
but less sensational applications of Dr. Pupin's work. Accounts of
experiments with Pupin coils in Germany and of the successful patent
litigation there in their behalf, have been given in these columns from
time to time. In this article, we give an account of some of the
important steps which have been taken in this country looking to the
introduction of the new form of telephone conductor.
Following quickly upon the purchase of the Pupin patent by the
Bell interests, overhead lines were loaded from New York to Chicago
and to other points in the West. Although a great deal of valuable
sexperimental data has been obtained, the extension of the loading of
overhead lines has not been continued. Unforeseen difficulties in the
nature of cross-talk and leakage effects were encountered, and while
they are not sufficient to prevent ultimately the extension of the system
to overhead lines, they have called attention to a number of feat-
ures in line construction which must be attended to before com-
plete success in overhead loading is attained. A vast amount of
work ig overcoming these temporary difficulties has already been
done, and although many points still require investigation, it is
safe to say tha} this phase of the problem Presents no difficulties
which are insuperable and which cannot be expected to yield to
_ Patient and intelligent research.
In the loading of underground cables, a great deal of important
and successful work has been accomplished, particularly in the
neighborhood of New York City. From Cortlandt Street to New-
ark, N. Ja distance of about-ten miles, there are working suc-
Von, XLHI, No. 10.
cessfully 50 pairs in No, 19 B, & S. gauge cable, equipped with
Pupin coils. Each of these circuits when loaded gives a talking equal
to that which would-be obtained through six miles of the: No. 19
gauge cable unloaded. These 50 pairs have been in satisfactory
service since August, 1902, From Cortlandt Street to Elizabeth,
N. ja distance of seventeen miles, 50 pairs of No. 19 Bauge con-
ductors are also equipped with Pupin coils, and are giving satis-
faction. The talk obtained over these seventeen miles of loaded
cable is equal to that which would be obtained through about seven
miles of the same kind of cable unloaded. From the central office
in Brooklyn to Far Rockaway, Long Island, there ig a cable of
No. 19 gauge, partly underground and partly overhead. This cable
is about cighteen miles long, and talks as well when equipped
with Pupin coils as would eight miles of standard cable of No. 19
gauge operated without coils. From the Brooklyn central office to
Jamaica, L. 1., there is a standard. cable of No, 19 gauge, twelve
miles long, provided with Pupin coils. This cable talks as well
when equipped with the coils as would six miles of the same kind
of cable without the coils. From Cortlandt Street to Fordham, in
the Borough of the Bronx, a distance of fourtcen miles, there are
fifty pairs of conductors of No. 16 B. & S. gauge equipped with
Pupin coils, The talk through these fourteen miles of No. 16
gauge cable equipped with coils is as.good as that which is obtain-
“able through four and a half miles of "No. 19 gauge standard
cable without coils. From Cortlandt Street to Kingsbridge, in the
Borough of the Bronx, a distance of fifteen miles, there are 50 pairs
of No, 13 B. & S. gauge conductors in an underground cable equipped
with Pupin coils. The talk through these fifteen miles of cable
thus equipped with coils is equal to that which would be obtained
through three miles of standard No. 19 gauge cable without coils.
In all of these cases the conductors are being used satisfactorily for
commercial business, and the results obtained are ‘a splendid prac-
tical demonstration of the value of Dr. Pupin's theoretical work.
Although ocean telephony is not yet an accomplished fact, the
application of loading to suburban trunk lines in the neighbor-
hood’ of large cities -has already proved to be of very great im-
portance. All of the electrical principles involved in the problem
of océan telephony apply to that of underground land lines, and the
fact that in those lines such successful results have been obtained
has Ied some of our prominent engincers to express themselves
most hopefully with reference to the ocean telephone cable.
Prior to the work of Dr. Pupin, there was no generally recognized
method of overcoming the electrical difficulties presented by the
problems of acean telephony. Prof. Pupin has shown how to
overcome these electrical difficulties. As, the problem now stands,
it is mainly a mechanical one. and consis in incorporating inta an
ocean cable at suitable intervals coils of iron and copper having
the proper inductance. Looking at the problem broadly, it seems.
safe to say that greater mechanical difficulties than this have been
overcome and that there is good reason to hope that during the
life of the Pupin patent, we may’ witness the operation of a -high
speed ocean cable which would permit not only of the transmis-
Sion of specch, but what would probably be more important, the suc-
cessful use of high speed telegraphy across the Atlantic.
The effect of the Pupin invention upon long distance land lines
is one which has been the subject of much debate. While there
is no doubt that the art of loading has already greatly extended the
effective range of underground telephone cables, it is a great mistake
to assume that with the Pupin invention, the universal placing under-
ground of telephone trunk lines is practicable. . At the present time
and for many years to come, the most important function of the
invention will be to provide suitable underground circuits for the
suburban trunk lines in the neighborhood of our great cities and
to permit of “long distance” wires being placed underground for
short distances within the great cities.
Notwithstanding the Pupin invention, the most practicable way
of operating such long distance lines as that from New York to Chi-
cago is to carry them overhead, except for short sections of loaded
cable at each end. If it were attempted to place such lines under-
ground throughout their entire length or even in the various inter-
mediate towns and villages which they travers, the economies
of Jong distance telephony would disappear and the public would
be deprived of a most valuable adjunct to its commercial enterprise.
To the use of subscribers’ lines ¢xtending to the central office
the Pupin invention has no practical application. These lines are
usually but a mile or two in length, and do not permit of being
economically loaded, - ee
Fa hae TU. ~ Peek.
“MAK BB 104
que EEEOT EIS. ENGINEERS.
anniversary of the introduction of the
vont” cleatrie, light and the fifty:
5 tinivergary ¢ of the birth of Thoma
M
itil ‘ the hotel and connected .to
igi at.which the inventor was sented.
of the old quadruplex instru
eh Mr, Edison used many years
‘heen in the imiseum. of the
n ‘Union Telegraph Company fora
e, he sent. inesenge neross the
; . "Messages to all of the
clentists ih: both America and Eu.
as. held. A >)
tleed of trust of the Edison Medal
it tion: was presented at the dinner.
ion hns raised 1 fund, the in
ich will be applied amiuglly to
In electrical engineering in the
iret és the population of the world,
iesear "ran, eleven times the distanco be-
i rth and sun, ‘The capital ine
3ig;.twice ‘as mitch as the. United
;onded debt, andthe gross earnings
fire, ire $350, 000,000, .: Taxés were paid amount.
inigeto:! $13,000,000. ae
‘tust” week in honor of the’ twenty: [
48 tien lave the - grand’ :
ie was'a telegraph operatar, and |,
States or. Canada. whose thesis or];
research shalt ‘be deemed most :
he Inetitute of Electrical ¥ nel: :
act a6 trustee, é aaa 0
ht ;
cirie: railroads last year. carried |:
» Stil. Minn.-Ploneor Préss
pee! bil, po 1904
oo aaa
| -:Thomas“AreEdlean’ wai
elght yeara of age,
elusive right to all ‘papors:sold onthe |,
| Grand Trunk . rallroad:: before he wai
Heoyrere RH Haas fe
Oke Uy
invention.whi
TIES Whitnoy, of Now’
titescd any feeites in’. the suit
7T a AL TES the’ inventor,
{| strain: omas. a beeen oh ‘Chemt-
Company. from using. the ni +
Str. orang Fopresonts the dofendan®,
company. tere
+t
‘Qyitato, TY. Times
—w
iVISITO
i
t
oF Cummings, forinerly
e ry ‘of “construction
H and superintendent of “vous!
eethe ‘Thomas. A, ‘Ed{gon’ Company,: but
meat electrical:
iat ane eg se ees
aa Mere to renew. ‘old acquaintances,
\ lends, ' : :
( in aecivsto the war Mr,. Cunimlay a eal
‘that the Russians aro not A a it
‘and are contident of victors. eines Oy
iorela ne att peer aa Cree ‘here ATE
. wat,’ .
hee va few au ensions but none to amount
te mapthin teeest ts, acct mont
AO
Beene aura will be 86 miles long and
et!
ia
will bi ed in two years, One year
ae ae cited ee ca he
n cee unslan experts are engaged In the
rk.of construction.
Buffalo, NeY.- Times
cet
BUFFAIL.
: ‘|
OFIRM ~)!
WILL BE SUED
MACHINTER ELECTRIC coneaay
(SAID -TO\DE-GurEry OF. Ne!
FRINGEMENT, yea
«
+ Papers in the patent sult of. the -Edtaon
Electrle Light Company against Willigm P,
Machinter “and ‘the Machinter Electris'
Fompany of this city were fled with Clerk
‘Harris Wiltlams, veatarday. © In’ the com.
Piaint the Edison Electric Company alleges
that: the Machinter concern uaed certain
lending-in wirer, attached ‘to Incandescent
Meh hich "wires © were Patented iby
Edison ‘In 1890-and sold to the
‘ ie
The ‘complainants’ask that the Machinter
de restralned from further .naing
3 that thes be made to pay over:
fits and gaing derived from ieing.th
hat they “also. be held iahle te)
The © lareturnable,thetir
Ieo¥L Ce ae Meneral
NW, V. Times.
Al RO... he
= 9x3 IN-ED EC Ib,
. “a IN IVE. 5 OND:
German , hivéutor~~Muatraton
“Process for Thoma A. Baine
Special'to The New York Times, pia
-ORANGH, N. J. Apri BOAt the Inboras,
tory of Thoman A. Edison yentorday a
niece: of tron tn exactly) tive
seconds, Lows Dreyfus o\Franktoresdne
the-Main, wha Is the age\t of Gold
kehmidt's Chemische-Thermo {ndustrle: of
isasen, Germany, showed : Mr, Rdlson’ his”
new: process for nttainiig an enormoun des
Rree of heat tn.an almost tneredibly short’
space of Ume by the combustion of en,
certain chemicat compound whteh tho ine
Nentor keeps n secret, used th connection’
with powdered aluminium, » b
Mr.) Droyfus placed hale cupful of his
chemical ti a small crucible, and covercd}
Yt with a small quantity of the powdered,
aluminium, and: then pliéed a wrench, about
hylt.de inch dilek end six inenes Jong: In
athe crucible. “‘Tonching t match to, the
compound Mr.'Dreyfun stepped back, and
the mixture blazed up furlously. In five
Seconds the wrench was melted,
Ato ipsreatlmated™ that~ the” heat” evolved
in. tho: Brecess vas 3,000 degrees Centigrade,
ditherto’ considered} Impossible’ to reach,
The‘ value ‘of, the’ process ia In welding. to?
wother.ateel rails, - ~ ee
=a
Oo
a oS t a
prak 3s
| =o
mM 6
so .
& & :
ONS ft aie
Mimic Battle”
Scene’ ‘of. the War in ‘the Far East Is Is. Transferred to Newark;
in Woods of ORES Hill by SEES Soldiers eR erate Japs and 'R ussian.
‘oth
Walting for the: Vor
fund that if" the, *
,| fue proves on {nvostigution to be ono!
oF disciptineg merely he wil ts Tit Rag
: a * t
-Mucfarjan
nithe- tiande |!
‘fot Acting Pini: .. By" Moare, |;
who. {s 1) the/ehuir of Commisstonar, i
‘ Allen’, during the datter’s trip a
-Commisstoner’ Allen left. for’ Lurope |
last: Friday. Ho ja nat ‘expected to re}:
turn until the latter part of July, Presi- {i
dent Roosevelt’ ordered ‘and .compelied
the hearing over the head of she ‘Com-
missioner of Patents,
Edison the Complainant.
Tho.complalnant In the case fs Thomas |:
A, Fdlson, - Stories tit apcobimations |:
hivectewhed, that patents had. been |.
‘| boldly. stolen and turned over to rivals
of yome Inventor have been golng the :
founded, ; fe »
“Such alleged, thefts ‘have been, E
‘ty’ Of. many sults. and much: frictlor
Thigjla‘the flrat time, however, that
Inventér, of international reputation a
boldly. made; sucha charge, sands. h
'uiken it over: the -hend.of the Commlie:
;aloner when that officer deelincd to-nct.
Mro-‘Edison had for years heen at: work
upon a now. storage ‘battery, which it {a
expected will ‘revolutionize electrig. vu-
hictes ‘and vessels, “The present :sto: ss
battery 'is"a tremendously “heyy: afta:
Mr, -Edison. elnims to “have. reduced ‘the
welght two-thirds. “When perfected, Mr,
Edlson : Med .with tho: Patent, OmMce. epee
elfications,: ainentions. the :batiery,
when he heard-of tho matter:
ison went:to the’ Putent Off}
Bet no’ satisfaction... He ‘then togk 211i
matter, direetly to. the. . Prealde’ aa
latter ‘ordered: the’ hearing and .iny
gation, which took place a: mont! ¥
more nz0,
The attorneys ‘who appeal
Acting Commissioner Mooretn
President _ lind. compelle sustloy
Melville Church and 31.) Has Dy
s nd.
. -Phomas®/A;. Bats
Breat TVEULGE: MMC,
He. ts also sore
NW!
any nat te chanco hte Lene i an
desk he did not know Wwhat'he, should,
do in the matter. “Why,'' ”
friend, “I can ,help you ‘cut on that.
T have an intimate friend in. tho bust-
ness, and [ will have him male. you,
up aispectal box of cigars filled with
erbbage leaves and. all sorts of vile
smelling stuff that. will cure your
friends.” . Edison . thanked Jilm, and
atraightaway, creat all about the of-
fer, Two, m% my 4,4 id be.
hoaa * dati, ma
a
“ARR 6 16
Nous +
Outing for for -Aprij, : +f
‘Onle helleve that it fi
WIN re-.
Edison to : te. |
r are Mrs Jo
ae Stew
——
[PHOTOCOPY]
[Negative photocopy from Outing, vol. 44 (April 1904)]
ncer,\ Bell,
hath fly.
recent
be lahoratd
tharocds
ee s.
Does naturciofler any
raph fnatrument
an his rex, Ahi be dgiwn sug
has nut, @rialsnavigation?
plinets,susta
revolution, “carryingy
tMOsphere, supwest te
ctu
Power/miust be be AS
eney OL, i not attempted :t
Struciurat iy ig, ] if wholly and Simply. o
problent Me OS eared hatvis! suffici
“Whit form wie t
That prirt is sot mpl
Any! mite Of mi ! Wuil
in dipshit, 1 ny
thotiye pow vite the fall
sustain itih the iif, U Wita
i the great Ament
V7 dronauts who, a
% inciple of mechanic
irshipynyust be OC simple Mr; ycambini
; build Y
Mutt
uilt iwhi¢l
AH Mieht is that
ies: thosg-rare: qualities
ratte eeeas on
[PHOTOCOPY]
soft pe ‘
ct he Has "been! unable: to\eliminaté th * Mil, is. the on!
:
halloony though recently-he declared ‘that ¢ gations: What that power will be he
hig sticéess has been “xo pp jot!.venture ‘to predict?) He- has
hasasmitor which: ¢
ns utes t mented with) éxplasives ofsevery: ig
power to every: Sx” pounds of Qelgh and ‘is now at-work upan tht problem ef
featinot ace hed bythe “American: ci cuttery, that will reVulutionize *
automobilings.“Tinow hav
Store enough “power to
[PHOTOCOPY]
nig MUCH aboys hi
Ifthe dpcturs would prescribe die!
helailmen
Pot 'progress,:
ty hiss smogth:
: Sita iy
+s
$4 Sue di itt
i FeoukL gal ay
in-my-atifamabile
hd that te kee
: yAppartimity, to’ stud
health iy; die ples Ne “America's most
C109 nul ind drink loosely; ca ti vers hevery fey i
Di with most every Horn regrettably 1
it istikeny kine morphine 4 ‘ ‘scchampion, Heng;
i ker-theingrer sont waits and formec titleholder “Miss. Mabely
i i Lhompsons were paithered (0. meet th
Tsiping Trish: Piel echa m ping! The ‘tinal
ir) d ‘es rotind: brought Irish) champion ‘and
eerek of higalthic <1 gataln es" ut together, and the
lessthan "pound fof foods? in after a Splendid display. of sk
hut sjust er phys?! ver sloppy links, oMiss
W phe bods, ey ¥ f y tout losing th
But would you spy
[From Cassier’s Magazine, vol. 25 (April 1904)]
EDISON AND THE INCANDESCENT LAMP
SOME FACTS IN THE HISTORY OF THE LAMP’S COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
HEN Mr. J. Ricalton returned,
in 1889, from a year’s ex-
: ploration. tour in foreign
climes, made in Edison’s behalf in search
of a suitable bamboo fibre for electric
lamp filaments, he told how he had
learned to regard Edison as the most
widely known man in the world at that
time. Inall his journeyings in the Far
East he had been astonished many times
to find his name so familiar; even the un-
lettered natives of half-civilised countries
had learned to associate it with the elec-
tric light. ; <2
His donkey boy in the streets of Cairo
was endeavouring, in broken English,
to tell him something about the Khedive,
when Mr. Ricalton asked him the name
of the American: Khedive. The boy
shook his head to indicate that he did
notknow. Mr, Ricalton mentioned the
name Harrison, who at that time was
President of the United States, but the
[PHOTOCOPY]
boy did not recognise it. Then Mr.
Ricalton mentioned Edison’s name; the
boy smiled cognisantly and drawled the
name, —‘‘ Ed-ee-sone,""—while point-
ing to an electric light in front of the
hotel. A few weeks later Mr. Ricalton
mentioned the name to his courier in
Morocco, whereupon the latter quickly
proceeded to offer his knowledge of the
man. :
Edison’s name truly, Mr. Rical-
ton concluded, was a household word
even at the ends of the world. What
need, therefore, to tell much about him
here, to English readers, to most of
whom the life of the great inventor has
become familiar history.
The portrait of Edison which appears
as a frontispiece in this issue is the best
one of recent years, and his latest one
also, having been taken on the afternoon *
of February 11,:1904, just prior to the
second annual dinner, at New York, of
jacetn erecta tenet ree cane
ier
546 CASSIER’S MAGAZINE
the American Institute of Electrical En-
gineers,—an event of special importance
in electric history in that it was virtually
an Edison dinner, celebrating the twen-
ty-fifth anniversary of the practical per-
fection and commercial introduction of
the electric incandescent lamp, and the
fitty-seventh anniversary as well of Mr.
Edison's birthday. :
In order to further signalise this an-
niversary celebration of commercial elec-
tric lighting, an Edison Medal Associa-
tion had Bes formed some months
before, made up of a number of old
‘* Edison men,” for the purpose of rais-
ing a fund necessary for the foundation
of an Edison medal which was to be
presented every year to the student of
any technical school of the United States
or Canada who presented the best thesis
on some electrical engineering subject,
the American Institute of Electrical En-
gineers acting as trustee. Within a few
weeks over $7000 were secured,—more
than enough for the purpose in view,—
and the Edison Medal will thus hence-
forth be a coveted prize for.the embryo
electrical engineer,
With a quarter century of the com-
mercial incandescent lamp just passed,
. it is interesting to retrace the history of
its development, previously given in
these pages, and also to go a bit further
back to Sir Humphrey Davy’s first prac-
tical contribution to the science of elec-
tric lighting, in 1812, the outcome of
which was an electric arc of marvellous
brilliancy, 4 inches long, capable of ex-
tension to 7 inches when placed in an
exhausted receiver and operated by a
battery of 2000 cells. The expenses at-
tendant upon the production of this light
were so enormous, and the difficulties
with which it was interwoven appeared
so insuperable, that the principles of the
voltaic arc were abandoned until the
year 1834, when Professor Dumas, of
Paris, revivified them. The enterprise
was short-lived, as neither the experi-
menter nor the French public were in
possession of the purse of Fortunatus.
Two years later, Daniell introduced a
two-fluid battery which tended materi-
ally toward the supplying of a steady
-electric current, and, in 1899, Grove’s
efforts in the line of electric generators
gave renewed life to an art which seemed *
in danger of entire or partial extinction.
{n 1844 Foucault's utilisation of carbon
from the retorts of gas works was at-
tended by a marked degree of success,
resulting from the superior hardness of
the material and its greater resistance to
heat. The science was now sufficiently
matured to be put into practical opera-
tion, and the season of 1844-1845 wit-
nessed the illumination of the Place de
la Concorde, Paris, by arc light, under
the auspices of an enterprising electri-
cian, named Délénil.
This public test was followed by many
others, more or less satisfactory in their
results; but the most dazzling and fairy-
like display was achieved upon the oc-
casion of the coronation of the Czar of
Russia, when the utmost resources of
the arc light were pressed into service.
The capabilities of arc lighting found
highest expression in the Jablochkoff
candles, the superior attributes of which
secured their wide introduction into
France and Great Britain. The term
candles was derived from the fact that
the mechanism of-the Jablochkoft sys-
tem was composed of two cylindrical
pencils of compressed carbon, placed
side by side, but separated from each
other by kaolin, or plaster of Paris.
The insulating substance fused with in-
candescence, and became a conductor at
the temperature of theelectricarc. The
alternating current was used and a flame
was thus secured, similar in appearance
to that of a wick of a candle. 4
The excellent properties of the Jab-
lochkoff candles were largely neutralised
by one glaring defect. While dispens-
ing with the mechanical contrivances,
incident to the regulation of the dis-
tances between the points of carbon, for
the preservation of the light produced,
each candle lasted only a few hours, and
this entailed a succession of new burn-
ers. - .
It was this feature of the system which
especially. attracted Edison's attention,
and ‘which caused him to merge his
energies into the production of an in-
candescent solid. Some competitive
talent in the principles of incandescent
[PHOTOCOPY] :
EDISON AND THE INCANDESCENT LAMP 547
lighting was already in possession of the
field, but neither in quantity nor in
quality could it compare with the results
achieved by the rival branch. An
American named Starr, in the year
1845, patented in Great Britain the first
Practical application of platinum. ‘In
1847 Dr. Draper, of New York, con-
ducted a series of experiments, based on
the qualities of this metal, highly heated.
Desprez followed in 1849, with investi-
gations on the subject of sticks of in-
candescent carbon, immured, in a glass
globe, the air of which was exhausted
or replaced by nitrogen,
So completely was this transaction
lost sight of, and so thoroughly were the
modest pretensions of the incandescent
solid eclipsed by its formidable rival, that
in 1873 the St. Petersburg Academy
bestowed a medal upon a certain elec-
trician named Lodyguine, and, later still,
letters patent were issued to Messrs,
Sawyer & Man for the supposed orig-
inal discovery ofa stick of carbon,
made incandescent in nitrogen, the
identical experiment made by Desprez
in 1849.
It was in the early spring of 1877 that
the defects of electric lighting first en-
listed Edison’s abilities. In the suc-
creling ten months much was accom-
plished, and the incandescent light as-
sumed a practical aspect which com-
mended itself to the attention of business
men. The outcome of this movement
was the incorporation in October, 1878,
of the Edison Electric Light Company,
with a capital of $300,000 and the fol-
lowing directors and organisers:—Presi-
dent, Dr. Norvin Greene; secretary,
Calvin Goddard; Thomas A, Edison,
G. P. Lowrey, Tracy R. Edson, James
H. Bowker, R. L. Cutting, Jr., G. R.
Kent, N, J. Miller, Robert N. Galla-
way, G. W. Soren, G. F. Stone, G. S,
Hamlin and E, P, Falbri.
On October 16, 1879, Edison decided
that he had reached conditions where
he thought a carbon filament might be
made intoa lamp, A cotton thread was
the first substance utilised, and a groove
in the shape of a hair-pin was cut in a
nickel plate, the groove being just wide
enough to hold the thread. This was
placed in a small nickel mould and filled
with charcoal,
Five hours were spent in carbonising
and cooking the mould, after which,
upon taking the filament out of the
groove, it was found to be of such
extreme fragility that it promptly fell to
pieces, even in such practiced hands as
those of Edison's able co-operator, Mr.
Charles Bachelor. Repeated experi-
ments were attended by the same dis-
astrous results until a late hour in the
night of the 18th, when a filament was
rescued intact from its miniature crema-
tory, only to be again fractured in the
act of securing it to the conducting wire,
There had been no sleep for the work-
ers since the commencement of the ex-
periment, on October 16,.yet so potent
was the spell of inspirational genius that
Mr, Bachelor at once yielded to Mr.
Edison’s frantic suggestion that they
should make a lamp before they slept,
or die in the attempt. On the t9th
several filaments were obtained, all of
which broke in clamping; but finally,
on the morning of the 2oth, after many
alterations in the clamping devices, a
perfect specimen was secured.
In carrying this fragile substance, the
focus of so many hopes, from the labor-.
atory to the glass blower building, a
malicious zephyr whirled it from its fast-
ening and reduced it to impalpable
powder. Utterly unmanned by this
misfortune and unhinged by insomnia
and fasting, Mr. Bachelor rushed into
the presence of his partner and delivered
._ himself of the following despairing senti-
ment:—
‘ ‘* Edison, it’s gone, broken by the
wind; I’m sick, I’m disgusted. My
impression is, that job got too much
reputation on a small capital,” ;
But on the morning of the 21st events :
assumed a more fortunate guise.
lamp was finally completed, lighted and
eagerly, watched by the thirty or more
experimenters attracted by the unusual
interest of the proceedings. Partial
relieved by the success of the trial, Edi-
son, Bachelor, and some others took a
few hours’ sleep, at theend of which
time they were greatly elated to find
that the lamp was still burning, without
548 CASSIER'S MAGAZINE
any apparent waste of carbon. This
deticare thread of light was anxious!
watched for several days, after which
Mr. Edison decided to raise the candle-
ower very high, in, order to see how
long the carbon would resist the strain,
A greater power was attained than the
inventor’s most audacious dreams had
ventured to picture, and sustained
through an anxious period of two days;
then the soft glow faded, and the tiny
filament melted ‘‘ Like the baseless
fabric of a vision.” This was the pio-
neer flame of the Edison incandescent
light.
Scarcely had this lamp been burning
twenty-four hours before the entire force
of laboratory experimenters, fired with
the new enterprise, was engaged in car-
bonising every material which promised
to yield the desired residuum of char-
coal, Filaments of iridium, platinum
and other metals were tested, followed
by threads, rubbed with coal tar, plum-
bago and other substances. Later still,
Edison experimented with a horse shoe
filament, in which a marked degree of
success was obtained, insufficient, how-
ever, for the ultimate goal of the inven-
tor’s ambition, which looked to the pos-
session of a filament of such inordinate
resisting power as to secure a perfect
subdivision of the electric light.
In the course of his lucubrations on
this subject, a passage of Humboldt sud-
denly occurred to him, relative to the
properties of a certain species of bam-
boo, growing on the banks of the Ama-
zon, A closer examination of the great
naturalist's description convinced him
that in vegetable fibres alone could be
found the ideal material of which he had
been so long in search, and a band of
zealous and experienced agents was soon
engaged in the work of investigation.
The bamboo which Edison finally
selected was discovered shortly after-
ward in Northern Japan by Mr. William
Moore, under whose auspices a tract of
land was there paces and placed
under charge of two native farmers.
Over $100,000 were expended by Mr.
Edison in the course of his investiga-
tions, and few portions of the globe were
left unexplored,
The structure of the lamps, in the
meanwhile, had undergone important
modifications. In the fall of 1879 the
lamp presented ‘the shape of a nearly
globular bulb with an elongated neck,
and filaments which extended to the in-
side of the lamp; the platinum leading-
in wires were sealed to the summit of
the interior, the tips on the globe were
pointed and hollow, and platinum clamps
were utilised. .
Within the next two or three months
the shape of the globe was again altered
and its size was enlarged, in deference
to the belief that the defective burning
power was due to the contracted dimen-
sions of the enclosing chamber, At
this point the comparative elimination of
air was secured, although the sealing of
the glass tops was rough and inefficient.
Later in the spring of 1880 a species
of white German glass was utilised at
the junction of the platinum wires with
the glass, for the purpose of securing a
more perfect seal. This was discon-
tinued in the fall of the same year, and
the shape of the globe was modified to
meet the requirements of the bamboo
filaments to which reference has already
been made. :
In the winter of 1880 the lamp had
reached greater durability, the supple-
mental tips at the summit were short-
ened, and the platinum leading wires
introduced through the glass interior
were solidified and rendered more com-
pact by being compressed into shape
while hot and malleable, Other lamps,
constructed at this period, show novel,
features, such as the use of a wooden!
socket,—and the wires coming from the
lamp are soldered to contact rings, in-
sulated from each other, one plain and
the other threaded to facilitate making
contact in the lamp socket.
In January of 1881, tests were made,
with a view to substituting the cheaper
metals, silver or copper, for the plati-
num used in the construction of the
clamps, and the contact between the
carbon filament and the platinum wires
was materially improved.. Further
changes followed in the substitution of
laster of Paris sockets instead of wood,
in the heightened resistance of the bani-
e
[PHOTOCOPY]
NEW WOODWORKING INDUSTRIES 549
boo filament, and the superior symmetry
of the general proportions. ‘Between
this type and the perfected lamp of the
Present day, there are fewer points of
rapa than between any other of
the several, forms of evolution. The
spring of 1881 gave birth to’ the first
permanent record of electric light, in the
shape of an incandescent lamp, which
lasted 1589 hours, ata height of sixteen
candle-power,
In 1882 the output of incandescent
lamps, according to Mr. Joseph B,
McCall, president of the Association
of Edison Illuminating Companies,
amounted to about 100,000.. Ten
years later the total consumption in the
United States was about 4,000,000 per
year, and in 1903, practically twenty-
one years after the manufacture of in-
candescent lamps was commenced in
commercial quantities, the total con-
Sumption in the United States reached
about 45,000,000 lamps perannum., It
is not many years since, when, in the
larger American cities, a connected load
Of 100,000 sixteen candle-power equiva-
lents was considered a mark to work to,
while now it runs up into the millions.
There is nowhere a record of cém-
peel results that can compare with
is,
NEW AMERICAN WOODWORKING INDUSTRIES
By George Ethelbert Walsh
has an important
relationship toa
number of in-
dustries which
in recent years
have developed
so that they in-
directly touch
nearly all sides
of American
commercial life,
on. HE wooded area of
te — the United States
- and the most recent figures furnished by
the United States geological surveys
show that American mee are less Ss
danger of complete destruction than is
deco supposed. Indeed, these sur-
veys indicate that there is little danger
of a lumber famine in the United States
within the present life of any living man,
and while in some States the wooded
area 18 very small, most of them contain
a large acreage of-forests, In North
Dakota, for instance, the wooded area
is only 1 per cent. of the whole area, or
about 600 square miles of forests; but
Rhode Island, -on account of its size,
contains only 400 square miles of wood.
land, although the percentage compared
to the total acreage of the State is much
higher than 1 per cent,
These two States represent the ex-
treme of woodland scarcity, while many
of the others, at the opposite extreme,
show very promising conditions. Thus
Alabama, with 74 per cent. of the State ©
in woodland, contains over 38,300
Square miles of forests, divided up into
18,885 square miles of long-leaf pine,
2307 square miles of short-leat pine, and
17,108 square miles of hardwoods.
Eighty-four per cent. of the total area
of Arkansas 1s composed of woodlands;
79’ per cent, of Maine, and about 70 per ©
cent. of Georgia, Florida, West Vir-
ginia, and North Carolina,
@ almost inexhaustible timber
growth of the country has in recent
years furnished material for new manu-
facturing industries which are peculiarly
cee. 4 and valuable. These indus-
tries are the direct result of attempting
to utilise the by-products of the woods,
and to the invention of machinery of
different, kinds. The early destruction
of American forests was wasteful in the
extreme. The woods were destroyed
= nn ep
mera bors
fete tt ay
~
1 rsburg which says th
ye. ouropatkin Nag, telegraphed to the
hat as the, Russian"Yorces in the Fat
f are insufficient innumbers to oppose:
Ji anese he has withdrawn, the various
FPresident © Roosevelt recently overruléd !
tent Sonnet onee Allen in a case in whic
ve'a hearing to Mr. Edis )
ch had been denied him.
Mr. Edison made application some
‘0 for a patent on a device to be used in
Mae id
Hoteation ane and, iacralsg to Ed
son’s attorneys, was permitted to withdraw ,
his application and insert in it substantially
the same claims made by Edison in his papers. ,
\ Edison’s attorneys immediately entered a
protest and asked for a hearing, which the”
{Commissioner refused to grant, Then it was
(that an appeal was taken to the White House,
land -President Roosevelt, considering . Mr.
ilison’s request not unreasonable, thought -
What he should have an Spportuniy to. be):
(heard.
: As Commissioner Allen felt that he was, a
K delicate position, he had the hearing také
place. before Assistant Commissioner Moore
No decision has yet been rendered. |
peteNeROT Cn - neat af
; ae
certain patenta:o 10 his electric storagh'
“pattery wera ding, dt 1s alleged,;
vexominer allowed: Another ‘Inventor’ to
ithdraw. ana: ‘amend* specifications on
patent. along the \eame Mnes” is | Mr,
prauaie :
aby the: ecline
tauemene
=
SLY ~ Hews
7 a
e fexteei ti -
paneeue
ADNSEIELT CME
"TO THE RESCUE OF
| THOMAS 4 EDS
ieee dated sat
. Famous Inventor's Treatment
|. by Patent Office May Lead
a to Removals There,
Spectat, Dfapatéh to ‘The Evening Nows.)
WASHINGTON, .D, C., May’ 13\—It!
ve “at alls
Ca)
i
Mot satisNed with ‘a recent transaction
wat that office, sind that he felt called
Mpon to take matters into his own hands
and overrule the ‘commissioner in ono
of his recent decisions, —- Ear
‘The matter in dispute came about
through an application made by
‘Thomas A, Edison, the world-famous
inventor, who has taken out more
spatents than any other man, and all of
Which have been of great value to the
Whole world. The case, which Involves
THOMAS A. EDISON.
both Commissioner Aten and ono of
his examiners, Js this: The applica-
‘tion’: was: made by. Mr. Edison for 0
> patent’ on n device to’be used’ in con-
nection with -hls-fumous.storage bat-
tery, which he unnounced to the world
«Would revolutionize motor vehicles and
bo of great benefit.to all consumers of
electricily,’ ha Se :
IRREGULAR PRACTICE,
While the application was. pending,
. Mr. Edison's attorney contends,.the ex-
‘:-auminer (In charge of:the case, allowed
gnother man who had made application
fora patent along practically the same
line;sto";withdraw ‘his application; ana
Ingertjhithe specifications and claims
~Stakrtawhich-Avere."covered sby, the ‘Ed!
se oka
CoCr AppNUM TST Ns pwasyentireny oe
ay
éclaryaccording.to:natent/ofiice regu
reactor In amending -ah applica
‘elon no.Anyentoe ta:atlowed: to, Insert 1
Als: elainy ‘diy thing tint, is not: Rerina
‘to’ the ‘orlginil ‘qppiication and claim
‘In:other words, he’ can: nat’ withdray
his appliention and insert. In,tt any 0
Ig after: thoughts Hat hadpbeen al
Upon he; :
we mage a vigor
Larva} arid Re te commis
ous prot ui) agene TN
mprantshiny anew hearlng, ens
women thesvammnssestoner refused, The
it was that, Edlson’s unger caused hin
to engage another attorney who fs o1
terms of close intimacy with the Pres
{dent, and direct. him. to appeal the enat
to the Presifent, “Before roing to the
White House with tho.case, however
thé- new. attorney mado ,jinother effort
to get justice for Mr. Fedison, direct
from the: commissioner. He, tald Com:
missioner. Allen of what be Intended
doing, and yet he was-firm jn, bis re-
fusal to ‘grant: another hearing on the
MeO Se ee tert he
ROOSEVELT ACTED PROMPTLY.
‘the attorney then ‘went to the Presi.
“gents tor Svhom he fully. explijned the
case, ‘After’ stening with interest tc
tho explanation, President Roosevell
sala: “What Mr. Edison asks {8 nol
unreasonable, He oceuples a pecuiiay
poaltion in this inventive age, and he
shail be given an opportunity to be
heard.” fae eek: & .
‘The ‘President. then promptly Issued
an order.to Commissioner. Allen direct.
Ing that Mr, Edison be given 0 hearing
upon’ the case, ‘The hearing ‘has aine¢
been held, ‘but the commissioner asked
that tt might be conducted by Assist.
ant Commissioner Moore, on the ground
that.his previous attltude might be con.
‘atrued as biased against the case, What
the outcome of the caso will be, or how
many changer wlll eventually result tn
the office beenuse of the frregular ac:
tion and. thesubsequent refusal of a just
demand on the part of an applicant for
n patent, can not-yet be predicted,
HITT IS POPULAR. '
The suggestion of the name of Repre-
kentutlve Robert R. Hitt of Minoja at
‘a suitable: Viee-Pregidential nominee on
the ticket with President Roosevelt, te
meeting with much ‘popular approval
EDISON LOSES HIS
FIGHT ON PATENT
Decision Against Him Despite
President’s Interference
in His Behalf. ~
(Spectal to The World.)
WASHINGTON, ‘June .—Notwith-
‘standing President Roosevelt's order,
‘passed over tho heads of the Secretary
‘of the intorlor to tha Commissioner of
, Patents, ordering that a rehearing be
_ &lven Thomas A. Eedispn in his protest
against he jssuance of certain patonts
iln connection with storage battorles to
‘|Hirnest W, Junger, Mr, Edison was to-
day turned down by Acting Commis-
slonor of Patents dward 3B. Moore,
Mr, Edison hus now no recourse but to
stund the test of a sult for infringe-
ment on the part of Mr, Junger, should
Mr, Edison x9 ahead and make hfy own
,jStorage batteries on the principle
‘Jelaimed by Junger og his patent.
Thig patent was issued to. Junger
;|Sept. 1, 1903, Mr. Edison filled charges
;Jagainst tho’ examiners who had. Inves-
‘|tlgated tho clalms of the patentee. and
deamnded a rehearing, which Commis-
‘}stonor Allon declined to give. Mr. Edl-
JEDISON CHARGES
uy, sPARTLY SUSTAINED]
Two Examiners at the Patent Office
: Are Disciplined as a Result of
the Accusations, ©
. _ Henan Bunzay, i
. No. 734 Piereestit BTHEAEN, wi}
WastiixaToy, D, C,, Tutsday,”
‘Iwo ‘éxaminera, whose names ‘are not
dlsclosed, ‘have .been: dselplined at: the
Patent Office as n Tesult of charges pre-
forred by Thomas A; Edtson; Not all of
Me. Edison's charges: aro sustained; how-
over, by the Secretary of the Interlor, and
Mr. FT. Atlen,: the. Commisstonero¢ Pat-{"
orth een Without a-scratch, <1,
t. Zulson charged“the examiners wit
‘ “Incompetence, neglect of duty abdemae
administration, ‘of ‘office in’ connectl 5
‘ wie the Rant of a United States tent
. vail battery unger.for a reversible
1 cretary Hitchcock reviewed’ thé cane
and found that thero wns nos denen”
y thalfcasanco OF tntentionat wronpacne on
+f ho ‘dla feom that the oxamt ore sernelexn =
gon then carricd the matter to the
White House, both Now Jersey Sonu- i
tora accompanying him to the Presl-
ent,
Mr. Moore’s conclusions were to-day
approved by the President. Mr, Moore,
after the hearing, submitted tho vase:
to flve of the best exprts of th Patent
OMic without any one of the five know-
Ing thnt any other person was working
on the case. The reports were unani-
mous. . ‘ ‘
Mr. Edison made three distinct
charges againat.. the Patent. joie)
alaiming. that the examiners, were in-
competent; “had ‘bean ‘neglect{(yl of thotr
duty and guilty .of. maladministration
In connection. with the granting of this
patent, In one’ minor tespect tho ’
charges of Mr, Edison. were sustained, ;
but [nthe main ‘contentions they. were
overruled, ine .
-——
ix-year-old ‘son "of
Iiia*mather’s guests at an afternoon tea,
Xt was done, {in a: well intentioned en-
eavor to contribute to.‘thelr entortaln-’|
mont. The little fellow has among his
animal pets five small alligators wiilely
jhe brought from Florida last winter, and
jon. this nartleular afternoon, when all
ithe guests had assembled at the master
felectrician’s homo. in Liewellyn Park,
iittle: Theodore concluded that his moth-
d:frlonda would be Intorested In scelng
.babdy: crocodiles. Tho Ind ran out on
(awn, where she Kopt-his peta, In a
i of wator under a low spreading tree,
and; ‘gathering tha-flve wriggling alilga-
jtora'In his “arms, carried them: into the
Inia The wotnen, wnewrre of thu hos-
pitable intentions: of Theadore,. were: not
prepared . for the .advent of the five
ssquirining little amphibians, -and ‘ when-
sono: gf the collectlon wriggled out of the
‘guests, thero was an exclamation of tore’
Forsfrom..tha woman,. followed. by .pant
ahd*¢oiisternation among ‘tha others, . <4
‘Tidodore's ‘assurances that his’ pets
would nut bite or’ hurt any. one didnot
Setifiles tu restore calin until he had sco
fae alligntors. Tho alarm overitho’
fre grasp to tha. feet of ‘one of: the |-
lappedrance ‘of tho: “wriggters” subsided
whén ‘the boy relterated his assurances
‘that’ they wv 1
farmi
Pe dideeneRidlnag,. the inveritar,: recontly.
jereated a small panic among somo of
his pets,and .were-per--],
> GHENT Nine
\GoH
them’ for’ tho: entertainment of his
smothor’s guests. atso.tended’ to allay. the
panie some of. the womensfelt when thoy
behold stitch strange] objects at a ten
party, The reproofs that were in store
for the little fellow wore suppressed when
his good intentlons were modd apparent,
Bome ‘of, the’ guests less timorour than
the others evinced:an Interest in the boy's
pets and relieved him of the embarrass-°
ment his) unexpected ‘appearance with
them had caused. cous
Little Theodore is very proud of his flve
alligators, and takes particular, delight in
‘showlng them'‘to any onc, whovdsks abot
them, . When a SUNDAY: NEWS (man-
called at tho-houre thétother-day. the boy
led the way to hig-tilligator: retreat’ under
the big tree, andstoariesaly.pleked thom
up one after another, while;he explained
that he had: brought! thom up from: t
Edjgon lodge onthe bast’connt of Fidrida, |
‘the, family {apends a part of: tha
where. f
winters; ‘Theflittd-fellow held one of: his
fle.a'pnap shot was tniccn ‘of it;
“Do, you want to gee my. pot’ rabbite!
/Ho-wab-told that-nothing: clao just. then’
Fould: Blve greater, plensure, and: hia. led
3 * “explained ‘Theodore, ‘on’
| gray rabbit. from ‘a sersened:
7 4
the’ enclosed’ veranda. :
he rabbit's: name, and .it ts
thought of Star. “He Iked his Ittte 'allign-
tors, but that. was becnuso they were cu-
.Tlostties and eame from his father’s place
in Florldn; but they do not share his at<
fections the way Star doca, because thoy,
do not avinco any interest ip his going,
and coming. That there was'a thorough,
understandIng between Theodoro, and’ ils
pet was séon In the way the mbbit sub+}
mitted to the fondling bestowed upon him,
Little Theodore fs n bright, good-looking}
tad, thoroughty boyish in overy way,) but)
Intelllgent beyond hls years, In an; ime!
mature way ha resembles his father, the:
igrent Inventor. This is particularly: no-\
sticeablo-{n.the. conformation of the boy’s}
thead. “His tumbled hair looks .much tho;
.game as. bis father's. did ‘twenty vears:
ogo ~
——
RANGE, N. de Aug, 14.—-Miss Ethel.
ardoc, an attractive y ‘young woman abou!
‘years. old, who has.been in the omploy:
(ot Mre. Thoi ‘dleon'ns a govornesr
for the ‘Edison children, committed sulol’
by ‘gas ‘aaphyxtition -f-day~ in llie-he
“Mrs. Annio G, Miller, nt - 148 Sievsine.
istreet, Orange. The pollce~have |b
‘unablo to ascertain why sho killed hot:
‘Letters found in hor room Indicate’. a,
cher fathor, who was a Canadian sialatsy
\died last winter, and it is surmised . th.
‘sorrow and loneliness prompted hei
ithe deed,
‘That the asphyxiation was not acoldental
was proved by the fact that ahe had ‘ ‘ctires
‘tully. plugged tho keyhole and cracks | in
‘tho ‘doors, and windows.
At 4. o'clock this afternoon, Mrs, Raison;
taccompanted- by her husband; rodo‘up
‘to the Orango police station in an electria
automobile. Mra, Edison. exprossed great
‘concern at the unhappy fate of her former,
governess. She said thot Migs Pardee
was morely stopping at Mra. Miller's: for.
‘a, fow weeks and would -have returned to
hor. house soon, Sho inquired for dotalla
and. wanted to seo the body at tho morgue;
‘buE-Mr, Edison advised her not to. ‘Both,
she arid her ‘son said they thought Miss
‘Pardoo came ‘from ‘Novar; Muskoka,!
Ont.,.Gandda. They sald her father waa
ca miniater’ whip? had “preached “at: eaveral,
ichtrches ; in) the :Dominion. and | thag,, selie)
was well. ¢onsiedted..”
SLE
Cdtsow, TA
Personal :
_ Letters found by Chief of Pollee
Washer showed that tho young; woman
had Ilved with Mra, Edison, who’ was at
once communicated with. Mrs, Edlson,
accompanied
i | cw OVER ll ESS the Orange Dalles station In’ an automo
ihe.
cern at the .uphappy. fate of hor for-
ads. Sh id that Miss Pare
f mer governess, Sho sal het Aiea Ete:
her husband, went to
Mra, lidison expressed, great co
doe Was staying ‘at Mrs.
few’ weaks only, and would havo res
{dison advised her not to look at It.
She sqid she thought Ailes Pardos camo
of her house soon, Sho asked to
ANE at SUICIDE. wer the beds: at, the: morgue, but Mr.
Canada. ' Her,
Worried by Threats to Kidtian
Children, She Left Place in”
: ants Household...
HAD AGREED TO RETURNS"
KILLS HERSELF INSTEAD,
Her. Chartes’ Never Molested,
Though Anonymous Letters
- Camie Three Years ‘go.
Miss Ethel", Pardoe. . twenty-ave
Years old, who was employed by. Mrs,
Thomas A, Edison, wite.of ‘the Invent-
or, asta governess for the Edison, chil-
dren,’ committed, sulolde, yesterday at
the, ‘residence of ‘Mrs. Annie G. Mitler,.
at No, 148 Cleveinnd strect, Orange,
Nod She turned on’ the Bas.
5 Friends of -Miss Pardoe siny she wor-
ried: much in .the discharge, of her du-
tles as governess, | Three. years ago
Anonymous letters were received by the
‘Edisons containing threats to kidnap
the children. The children were never
molested, but the’ threats made Mrs.
E4ison extremely. hervoits, fnd she free
quently’ cautioned Miss’ ‘Pardee to be
particular)s\cureful when she waa away
from the house and to keep the children
always. In view, Miss Pardoe was of a.
nervous diaposition. Her fears for the
ehildren became intolerable ‘to her, and
she told: a friend she could ‘staryl it no’
Jonger: For that. (reason she left, Mrs,
Edison:
On ‘Thursday ‘she alled & on dire, Edl-
son, who noticed ‘that she’ seemed to be
troubted about something, but “did, not
ask her what It ‘was., She was to have
returned, to Mrs, Edison soon. }
Letters Cound tn, her room Indleatea!
thnt tho young woman's father, a Cana
dian clergyman, died-Inet winter, and wit
‘is surnitsed-that her grief. for hin: wis
o contributing cnuse to her ‘sulcide,’ A
savings-bank book, .with tha balance
An her favor. reduced on Au. 49 to elgh-
teen cents, was also found,
-Miss Pardoe turned’ on the ‘gas after,
‘she had. carefully plugged the keyhole
and..cracks.in-the doors and. windows.
She wns ‘found’ unconscious: drossed In
her nightgown, .and died in an‘ ambu-.
tiance: en: route nto the Orange ‘Mamoriay,
“Hospital: oo vad
whegede
trom @Novar, ‘Onta:
mathe hag preached at several churches
the: Dominion.
My irae Edtron spoka. highly, of the rant
woman, who wag very attractive, an
sald she could not’ Imaging what had
Tumpted ‘her to, commit the deed, Sha
hag ATTANE aments mado for the funeral
@ young‘ woman’s, relatives,
ang munieaved ‘with.
W.-Y. Presa:
AUG 15.1904
WTtowe Rilow int iaa ardcey at at
Boot veisraRG Ran nM yar Ra ee Riri]
ohe aWwas s wrapped : iD, Jn; feraauden” ‘intthe
ison t household. Thi.» tatomentta was
wouched* for: by<AMra.. ‘Halon, TO. toatlty;,to!
hole Japnreciatton: of, the youre: woman
Worth ithe. Edleons.have: arrangedwith-un
lertaker sto: inter::the; body: Ath thelrexs,
onsen ‘The nows,of the; aulcido
shock * to Elson | and. his: twits, “When.
aYtomopslo drove: away, Font. Polica’. “Hees
quartog®, Mrs. Edfson was‘ins tears, but-ahal
haa ttend. the ‘funeral: withyail
embors. oF er family,'«'The «palicecof
oka; communicated
led .to ‘ands theyrplntives
tlee,them of. hor, d death
NAMED, LITTLE’ “OLA
et arora of ildnipplig wero’ m
tly! Bi
ned te:
of by bong letter 0} Mrs ’
t: $26,000 as:tho:price of: immune ron
the} optility of, the’ persona in*the’ if “2
plea! the: child, “Tho: Edison: home; Hewat.
lyn, Park, nearstiere, was ssurrounded’ tor,
months; by! Pinkerton: detectives.” ="! Bate
At. the. sinie' time! J.“ Warren’. Simtth, ca:
Jer-of the. National- Bank, of, Orange,sres
coiVed ‘a otter, demanding’. $15,000 to. mavestlg
fon; Paul, 15 yonrs'old, fromiabduction, The
public, mind’ was: atithat: time -impressed‘by
the work.of the band which’ had the aon of
Tanies Cudahy" of Omahn’ in‘ captivitytand
was'holding him for‘ransom..The two: CABRA
in Orange, added ‘greatly: to the exeltument
‘And ispeclal, in Gn ‘wero niade'to- frnatrate
lan.of the finknown. congplratorg, oes an
RC OVED: COURAGE Pace wits
in. Pardoe;) prove
ra ‘bad: courage, and: mite, Bha walked, abo ain
Tore fettonn
Mite
oO car Pout tho. aaa thh:
aur and the incident,’ yeas aie ioe
to sniind : ‘Miss? Pardoe, Show elas
Ne sto’. “conquer “tho” Tent’ thot the. igang
raiwére’counting»on: her’ forgettulner af
vez them. opportunity: to. carry.
rents. Conrtant-watchtulness
and nervousness resulted.’ «Grat
for-her deep ‘concern for’ the’ aarety
{ehifdren, ithe Edisons ‘ndvised'her
Jong ivacation; “it! was? planned: "shol enegd
jreturn«tother:: diitles next-month, and ‘tofall
jppearances: theigirl Was -pleaued).with (th
arrangement and: gavo,no;hint;
aerangemen herself. S94 ni Pa
‘Search : aoe jher ‘personal.
rey al any apectal cause’: or the nateeatts
ibook. showed=she.-hnd drawn ontyall
Rar ranving except; 18 conta. ‘and ‘no, money,
aifound-tn the.room,: This-wag: i taUr:
z 20% tO phere fr) itiratanterras raful
ithe rloxnenaltu The. au) pos ations
ees mi yt ry
Selle Soltis tor ebaatlyine nk m ineeenne ‘in:Hamtiiton cOn nef
——
Wilmington. C-Stir [oH
SEP 16 1984
ere de by: Man
ropertics ‘of ‘ndtum - sand” the ‘Ah
v
ri) neces, as {8% generally’: knov
elt “ Apparent: property .of = giving. off:
jaettuld® rays of. pecullar chemical prop:
jertles, somewhat similur to: the Roent--
gen rays, without any | Apparent’ toss ot,
renergy or bulk. Based on, tliese’ ol a
served phenomena, several new. theo:
inies. of matter. have been: put forward, ,
{oll- of} wich accept us a fret the. aps
iparen, origin of tho energy | within’ tho
{siibatanecs, tliemselves,
eeMr.d Edison'é, theory cllninates this;
reguteadiction: of-necepted natural laws;
fond: {ndicatea tho possibility, that * tho}
energy < ‘emitted :by" sradlum™ 1s -m rol
‘reflected, : 18 - “were, from -sora0, tun!
‘known My theory :of -radio}
ractivity, eas Mr, Edison in part, “4a
‘that'the rays wich the ‘now clemonts?
gemitiare set up.in tho natural way, tlie}
“substances being rendered. fluorescent:
iby some’ form of. ether vibration whieh,
‘undoubtedly. ail perv: ading, but has iH
t.yet been Isolated or measured and,
whi¢h “may have: some extra‘ plnnetary !
To! accept any other ‘theory igi
pela ro- ono's- bellott in norpetust: sas
Ldeton, CA
Ow
a Louis, Mo. Chiontete -
gp 18
ANGUAGES TAUGHT -
»BY THE PHONOGRAPH
‘STUDYING BY
PHONOGRAPH
perwerwerene ee trareararatl
SHOPS TPOFEF+OFO+S
°
Unique Method That Is Employed ‘at
the Naval Academy. at
NADETS at the Annapolis |! Na-
( ! val Academy are learning mod-
ern languages by machinery.
‘The phonograph has been pressed into
service 20 effectually that French and
Spanish are acquired by Uncle Eam‘s
future naval officers with compara-
tive case. ‘The lessons are taken into
the. machine by the Instructors | and
the ‘cadets take turns’ at thé .phono-
Sraphs.. Tho {dioms and difficult parts
of ‘speech are .reproduced falthtully
so that the students, by making’ the
machine repeat: over, and over :again
a:given lesson, ‘have all the practical
hbonefits of listening to the. language
‘as (it-Is spoken, thus mastering: the
idiMeculttes of Pronunclation as .' well
‘8 ithe grammatical. construction. |
&.Unllke the average teacher, who ts
Aunian enough to grow tmipationtwith
stupidity, the phonograph never grows
tired, no matter how often [t-1s néces-
sary to repeat the statement dt: 'a
igiven _principte... ‘The “machine ‘also
lenables: the ‘cadets. who are ‘spectally | 1
eager.to mastér” Spanish” t
language’ nt) ‘thelr’ lelkur
the “classroom: e353
+, The; syatem{ in? vo)
he
- Annapolis, eu
‘ i
< a
Academy fs the result of deep invest! ;
gation ‘and a careful study of: the’
Sounds of the two languages, Spanish
and French, In Spanish, for instance, |
there are forty-two-sounds which ‘cons |
st{tute, so to speak, the scnle of coundy |
In- that language, and around these!
are grouped all the Spanish Wworda.
Should a student nijgpronounce a word
he {8 told ‘to refer ‘to’ the sound—say,
the twentleth, or whatever the number
may be. ‘He goes to hls room, selects
the. record, and with the textbook be:
fore him lstens, while: the talking
machine grinds ont again and again:
the sound which he hag fatled to catchy,
until the correction “is. firmly fixed ing
his mind, 7° |. nema
. it fs nh odd sight to sce two future,
admirals sitting across‘ the table from;
each other in” their severely., plain’
room, holding the ‘little rubber ‘tubes’
to thelr ‘ears, learning *' to properly:
speak a forelgn langunge by the! use.ofi
an- American: ‘toy. |. ’The “recorday are:
carefully: made,-and sometimes:. ‘
are wasted” before. anabsolutely
rect one {ts obtained... | ‘
——
M RAMSAY:
Brooklyn Thetituts “will Give Dinner
“English Scientist on Eve of His
H ‘+ Departure,
2) psf
ge Mloa a As “)
i apices: of ‘ite .aclentific dé
jhartmionte, the Brooklyn Institute will glyo a
Under. the. aii
e
al to Sir William Ramsny, | K.0.B;;
IAR.8; prewdent set the: ti
‘ay, Ph. of the Polytechnic, president:
of the Institute departmont of phyalcs, wilt
:presiiic,..and tho speakers will bo noted
‘chemists of thly and other countrios, Among
‘the: {nvited guests aro Profesor Charles. F..
‘Chandlor, LL.D, of Columbia. Univoralty, :
ex-prasident:of the International Socléty of}
Chemical . industries; -Its preatdont-oleat,
Willtam H,, Nichols; ‘Proaldent Ira Remaon,
EUR of Johns’ Hopkins, a Htelong friend of
Sir: William: and student with him at the
German universitica;: Professor R. Fitutg,s
‘Ph.D., LL,D,, of Berlin, the teacher of both;
ithe |younger uclontlate; Dr..W, H,. Witoy, |
iohlef of the division of chemlatry, ited | :
States’. Department ‘of.’ Agriculture, Dr.;
Mur-;
Pro-*
exepr Oacar Liobreich,. Ph.D,, of Leipsio, a;
‘élépato to the International congress; ‘Pres;
{dent A. 0. Humphreys, of: the Stovens-In-”
‘Thomas A, Edison, President. Nicho!
igre at "Columbla Univeral
istitate of Tochnology; President Frederick: -
.tAtkineon, of the Polytechnic; Professor;
hacl,Pupin and: Profossor Nicola. Tesla,.:.
i The Hat .of korg: will include soveral o
itheda ‘guests, : rea ae ie is
fh “The ‘committea In charge Is: composed: of:
iProfespor Irvjng Fay, chairman; 'Dr.:. Hi
(Dartloy, Jogeph P. Wintringham. Rudolph
fee William 0, Burling; Profesaor Will-'
yF
tant C.'Peckham, Professor’ J; 0, Ol on, Pri
feapor Charles: M, Allon, James. H. ‘Park,:
ff ftexsor-Albert ©, Hale, Dr. Wallace Goold
ison,’ Herbert’ B, Bxtdwii Profoasor_ John’
—,
‘C1. NUDSON & CO,
“tiadaaennte
Cr ee
SIMON BORG & CO.,"
seen,
MAYIONAL DAKE, 39 anata 3.
tat ure ero ro,
wn
“Haank and Trust Co Strats
Pot GOODUARE & co,
tonne eon bee
Uawitzney nARMut aco | SM pew
mene S Te Sse,
entrant
“Van Schaick
me
C0, SEE estan
pede oka
4 A ot pos ha tak, =a Fihoades & Richmond,
IF LLISpANA TH, yo Brood, Bo SD eangioatan me
Sao ee on fiadese
ee i Harlson &
Bank & Trust Co. Stocks rv enact
Raitrad Hands,
*T Ackenmanna coves, | TPAC ZH
ated tere woe a mebnom,
DON, JONES & CO., J. WW. ISAIRNIEY,
Publishers. Iduisitress Manaper.
From The Wall Street: Journal of Gr Z
_MR. EDISON'S STORAGE BATTERY,”
Mechanical Defects Overcome and the Batlery Will Soon
Bo Put on the Market,
—— %
Thomas A, Edison is spending a very large part of
“His time perfecting the storage battery upon which he
lias been working for several yenrs, The delegates to tho.
International Electrical Congress, who paid a visit to Mr,
‘Edison in New Jersey last week, found him very optimis-
tic as.to the future of this battery,
._ When it was first developed, it had the usual mechan-
ical defevts of a new invention, and Mr. Edison has been
spend#g much time in his factory overcoming’ these ‘de-
fects. The engincors who. saw him last week say that:
tho Edison storage battery is now perfected, and ‘that it:
‘will not belong beforo ‘it is put on the market. Mr. Edis:
son is now manufacturing it in an exporimental cotnmer-
cial factory, and he hopes next year to erect a large plant
for its manufacture. _ vn ow Uae
——
pelghoncctady,N-Y.-Union: .
aE ER AUT re
yin aaantey swsetsscewntay ate, eee wong weceee eee
land -his hands. wero repeatedly betng
brought Into the flood of the X-rays,
Mr. Edison, himself was’ biirne alight-
Hy in these exporiments, aad his,’ ree
‘covery was slow. a ge
‘Red Patches, "But no'Painc ;
i Dally, howevar, was brought .with:
Mth rango of the Nght More frequently
:than his’. chief, and "nothing * that
'selence could do for him wrought’ any
manent’ good. Small’ round red
atches appeared on hls hands, They.
#31] looked ‘ke scalds>. A pecultar fen-
iture, was that no pain Accompanied
thom, .* Tho spots appeared seven
ars ago, and at firat Dally paid Uttlo
‘attention to thom, os: oa
Aeuin for months the ‘hi nis began. to
aati wo ‘month iat alg ;
| forced to. abandon: all Workin: tho Inb-
{-ratory, and ho spent ifs thine ‘sotting:
| “tay instruments in order In hospit-
| als and’ colloges.. He kopt -at) that.
‘Work ‘far two years, hls hands mean-
me becoming moro and-mora, affect-
| Od. Soon hig hands. began to -pain:
: 80. intense’ was his sufforing that ho
p}found it necessary. to sleop at night
Inia narrow cot, “with a :-hand..ovor
ach sie, resting In'n'shallow: ‘ecept-
ie: it untry and Europe, ‘and rogdiar;
3.atop the'apread-of the disoase that FM! iy stpvclopment of tho dis.
‘had attacked him,-but eventually his BR
entire’ systeni “was affected: and he 8
sank slowly’ to- death, -” Fe ree
{Daly's cage ‘has been.followed with
terest by medical men in’ all: parts
‘ofthis country and Europe, ») He has’
long been. looked upon’ ag.a-martyr cto
selence, » and ,his “wonderful battle
against the creeping disease -resitlted,
in’ material “adiltion..to ‘the ‘selentife | §
khowledgo, of “X-ray burns, ~ Untit-a
week ago Dally was optimistic; then’
‘his vind ;Bradually becama.. fogged,:
‘anda little beforo :tlie end-ho lapsed
necessary’: to:
eynerlmant.
Me t
Kin. Were taken: from’ his’ logs ‘arid
afted ‘on’ his \hands, But. there -wad
H Granulation and the operation wag
Not .a’ success, : =
|; Atter that tho diseaso developed rap.
‘ Ady, and on. August 16, 1902, his tert |:
arm was ‘amputated four inches from
the shoulder.’ For three-months | it
‘| Seemed Dally was Improving, but, on
November 20,°1902, tha Uttle. finger |.
on, ,his right? hand beeamo affected,
and. it was ‘taken off. ’. Dally” stilt
sthought ‘he. woutd “weeover, | He did
| not lose heart when, on June 16,"1903,, :
the other fingers of that hand. were cut
On Soptember 7, 1903;. another
operation was “performed, ‘that “tine
failure attendtng‘an attempt: to grat:
kin on the right wrist, Where a spot
had appeared, | On November 18,'1903,
Dally ‘submitted, to an operation on
ithe: stip: of the little, fingor, :
i Loses His Other Arm,
LuIn! March “of” thig year" the diseaso!|'
{had ‘reached’ such. a‘ stage ‘the’ doctors |;
(deelded: on amputation, ‘and on, Mareh |:8
(16° tho right: forearm
: liye * aplrita |g
‘0 lifo desperately,’ and [:h
Bure, was “ho. that -he* at: last’ had
jlost: all ‘traces ‘of the ‘disease: tha
had ‘artificial ‘arms. ma
[thom “dust” Ok; th
battac
—
Dip “Edewwn TA, ~Pemctey
(Fou.
Toye y
F : * toe ‘ ae is : . naan a “a
| NEW YORK .HURALD/, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1904—!
EDISON, J, MAL
NEW YORK TIM, HELD FOR F RAUD
OCTOBER 6"1904. Several Hundred Letters Containing.
. “ "Money Stopped by Order of
"THAT EDISON’ COMPANY. | °°” the Post Office
Newton Betiiington Cheerfal as to PP an oF ah Ais
_ pects, Despite Fraud’ Order, + “|BENNINGTON DEFENDS FIRM
o—$——
+ W. Newton. Bennington, the race track
man, who fy interested In the Thomas A, Edl-
son, Jv,, Chemical Company, Against whore |
_Advertigement of their cure-all “'magno-e |
electric vitalizer” the Post Office Depuart-
ment has Insued a fraud order, talked yee
terday, of his part In the company. He sald
he thought the; embarrassment ‘would not
nist lang, , me aa
He denied: that he tad anything to do
with the organtzation of the company,
» “Franklin Everhqrt and my brothe
L. Bonnington; organized this compan: ‘
said, “I have only beon’ interested in it for
elghtecnsmonths, A number of good fellown
Were having a ‘hard thme’ of It’ making. this
thing go, and when { saw that Tput In
$25,000, The. company chas never made a.
cents In all $100,000 has been taken in from
the salto of some 7,000 + vitalizers,’ but If all
our expenses’ Were, pald the’ treasury would
have Seon clenned out, And yet the appil-
ance Is a success as a cure, the only,troubte’
betng/that wo could not get enough people.
to trys it. “We' nover’ had any’ complaints:
from/customera that it did. not do what It:
Was represented to do, despite tho. fact that:
the fraud order against us [a based purely.
on.the claim that we made extravagant rep.
resentations in. the printed matter, we sent
throfigh tho :matis."* Sultan Wicd
Mr, Bennington sald that young Edison,
Whose father's intervention led to the fraud
order,: went -to-the offlee of the company
‘himself and offered the use of his name
ant that he had recetved from. $35 to sa
‘ Weak in return, though the effect of tha
Edison name hnad beon rather a. dlsappoint-
ment. Ho-sald ha had no {dea where Frank.
In ‘Everhart, who ts also Interested. in the
jeompany, was, t:
eclares Magno-Flectrle Vitalizer Is an Hon.
est Product and Decision Against
“Company. ts Unfair,
i ns
Several’ hunired Jetters and = money
ners were received at ‘Post Office
tation 1, In the Produce Taxchinge,
yesterday, - addressed to the: Thomas
sAeo Edison, “Jr, - Chemleal - Company.
Sach one is tnarked NX. iD, by tho clerk
i ‘the oflee, meaning that dt was not to
bo dellveted, and was then Hud aside. At
he oflice'of the company, ut No. 16 Stone
treet, business: was at n standstill, while
Vv. ‘Newton Bennington, who ts. the real
head of the company, paced about his rval
‘stato office, at No, 62 Broadway, dechiring
oe all cadlers that ihe had deen unjustly /
Yeated and that he world sce the company;
hrough {ts diflleulty le dt took le last
pest. .
“Enemy optoton,” Mr, Bennington. sald,
‘young Edison tas bodomo reconollod 10
hls fathers We had no inkling that he
rus going to feave us until threo weeks
EO, When: we recelved his resignation us
lee‘ president. Wo wrote to dim, asidng.
His reason for such action and cid not ree’
eive any reply,' ,
Mr, Uunnington sald that hea was not
ne Of the origisal members of the com.
any that xells the magno-electrie vitals
zor, th Wnt ho Was not veaponsibla for
tything thit happened before he toole
clive wold uf 16 Me added that. he
ould stand responsible for anything done
Ince he as been In the company, ; Lis
‘onnection with ft, the sild, date’ from
the (ume'he took shares ‘in It; two years
fgo, In return for manoy toaned to. his
brother“W..L, Bennington, and to Franke
Un. Everhakt, a
‘Tt fs ae business proposition,” ‘he sali.
vas falr.a convern ns any patent!
medicine company inthe country. ¢
2 MIs not. the vitalizer. merely a dry -bate
iery.! as asked, “and does It cost $8.08
stated ‘In your pamphlet?" .. , Be Ray
7 Yes," roplicd Mr. Bennington: “tt ‘fy
‘a battery, and it costa probably—prob-;
jably—§2.90.. But then that $8 ds. Just ‘an.
Ad,” We get ng bleh aa $15 fort on
ig“Phq@ dectalon’ found against us waa' un-
‘Just, and’ “was made without Using sour.
“evidence at all. Mr, Edison, Sr,
‘that hia aon had no laboratory. Wo have
letters written by him. on pager, headed
‘jThe Lahoratory of Thomaa A, Ei
‘The authorities eay tho vitallzor te Ine
soperitive. Woe have the atatement of.au-|
“fherlty. that ft ta food far ninoty: daya, dure
fag: which time Jt: will have a: poten, of!
ione three hundred and fitty. one-thou-i
‘sandths. volts,’ Besides this-wo, submitted:
‘more than four hundrod Jattera’ to: Wash-
dngton showing that It had offected aurea, ;
>»
“AS far an the uther stockholders ‘nro
concerned 1 can say that with tha excap-
tion of a single member no one hus aver
had hin stand Hi questioned, At the noxt,
dlreatora’ meuting of thia ‘company’ the’
mon I refer to wil be dropped, We may,
‘have to change our namo, but we will do
business juat the same."
» Bennington sald that the orlginat’
Mon ena feat com any had taken ita:
Chem
Bame’ trom C. M. Wdlaon, a young man
not. related to tho inventor, and that te
had manufactured the Wizard ink tablets
id fountuln pens. A court decialon ob-
t ned by Thomas A. Edison forced the
abandonment of. the name Edison, and
the company was finuly absorbed by the
present conipany.
; Prank UL. Dwyor, who ropresonts Thomas
A. Edison, sald yesterday ‘that he. was
Foe Ae “falsor genta at et
oung Mr, | Rdisoi
gait: allow hia ure to be used in the
business propositions which involve the,
family, name.
~TAE ae
——
Na
7 RR eRG
“ODT GO USQA
“WIZARD EDISON MENACES WITH PRISON.
~~ THE MEN WHO USED HIS SON'S NAME
f \ wisn 7 7
. cen ae y dered whon be gaw some one standing by.! word. 4 itt sht alot
i. WILL SPEND AMY, SERRE aah! (Rd aria ree
: : § Kheds
wee : antag ‘
: Go a i rs Persenad
nad and led him Inside, a Cedi y t
Pi vhen iiethe light the working clothes ba in Newark, (ile plate plnus sheds dlviy.,
had worn during the day showed preasy and there eae the straut: Hovery ave np
avhite, spotted from contact with coment. , men, gitis Prd bans Oe ener
Huge, ugly worms that hnd fallen on him! would “atlok thote faces flat against. the
nvhile ho was seated In the open still weral window panes and make grinnvca nt hose
crawling Inzity over his ody But ho did} of us ‘on’ the ‘naide, 6
not seem to observe them, Hyen when bis! : b Mae soe ?
attention was called to thom, he pald no: Fastened Lolterers to Fence, |
attention. All during the hour's talk that
lin, They seemed not to fear hin,
‘ termined to put a atop to the nuisance.
Tio certainiy did not seem to fear them, B Dp
6 “AMBRICAN” to-night that
“Kam doing that which any good’ father!
would do," be stated,’ “that whlch ‘any
good citizen would do tn an tendeayor:'to
Brotect Innocent persona from 2)
up by unscrupulous péreons, ‘They -misted
They did everything, utsinakea a
eriupluat of him, A es
them to the
name if It
World I possess,”
waa very strong
characterization of thet,
Sickness, Selzes* Wizard.) hers
The Wizardjo£.Menlo Lark was found to,.
night at a little house situated:<In: the
gloomy recesses’ of the great hills ‘near
Nearby Ja hla great ‘coment
en suffering for three days
ff X-ray polsoning, con-
o at the same time lila
» Sot the Pm
expose thom.
Ditter end. <I)!
me cyery. do!
iy
and bitter! tn: hia
‘rom the results
tracted some years ng
superlutendent, Dally,
which, on Monde;
‘Mr.. Edison wi:
tree. shaded his bare. herd £1
arknose around him, was. tutense,:
hia room a. fire of
fo electric Huhts ilumina
\d-fashtoned . off ininp’-th
on the unpapered walls. -
> Gonlus Wrapped-‘in Thought."
Mr. Edison was ‘altently,-rocking “to and
fro when the visltor- walked on” the, gal--
lery, :He ald not hear the intruder's foot-+
and when he was /eatled he paiq' no
Jou, but continued with his‘ rocking,
ad butled in bla hands, his
heveled and the
avrapped In‘ tha’ world of his own’
ings. i . 3 :
Aynat's that? What's that?’
By. some sudden jntuition he foun
rosently that some one was near ‘him, and
se to his feet with a start. He shud-
‘rom the-dew.
avelrd shadows
-“When the Pearl streot Wghting station:
was burned Jn tho city of New York many,
sears ago I wos enga ed to Introduce my
own Ii fits nt Ann and Nassau astrects, the
currents of electricity got Into the street
paving, and for some days and untill f
could remedy the matter it was ludicrous
--somietines tragic—to sca horses go over
thot pert of the street.” a
; The Lightning of Life. ’
* “Sn ‘oldt plug' would come creeping along.
But the moment his feet would strikg the
charged pavement. up his tail would ‘0
and away he would gallop. It was almost
umiraculous tho way some. of them + ‘got
juss” with thelr fect.’ \
te will be observed that the great
‘ 1
ventor-of the world uses “get busy, 4
sometimes is glven-to the-parlance Lt
jStreet. . He-~saya_it<hecomos s exprenslyd,
‘ana’no“ts not™nyverao’ to-its’ wake ofceps:
fr ultra refined company. ‘There. he. fApea! q
jwith the greatest grammatical preetslon: 4,
4 ow, ‘when some horse traders . saw:
that tho electric spark would add yigor.
ito the old, broken-down bones they wiahed
‘to sell," he continued, “they wero rondy,
for a trade with ine. yer!
he They Wanted a Fast Track, i
» “They asked me to'construct a rond: for
them up fn Harlem, which they would keop
enclosed so that when buyers came to. sea
them they could exhibit horses that would
FO. "prom that moment I hive had to con.
wand with all sorts of confidence men!
But In all my ‘experience I have never'bad
such a time us now, 5 ee ‘
“Lom nover saw ane of thelr ‘confounded
oure-nil magnetas” “de of the shop where
the ywo creol.. never made ones
couldn't, H couldn't build on fence, Ie
couldn't make’ a-iiver. pail. Tf he has in-
Yentive talent I.never hesrd of tt. 1 could
Not get him to attend school because be
wished to become: famous and have it said
that he, too, never had attended
loge. There he made a mistake:
solned Them Innocently, -
“Ho went In with tsese people Imoce:
enougae"7And. when I told lim he
ustig ‘n‘name ‘thie liad ‘Influence to hetp:
along such a scheme, bo was ready to-get
Ss apts Ag
t.It. Ele. did get’ on
Faichi Meigen net aeie ug a
mene ses foxCou hel
{ reat man's: face’ whe fe
Wa even. ‘the: ¥ of:
ren, chien ithe nictlown
* tetions‘of n fatl
fora ‘att the ta
bublitmese ite
ato
ne
*
: ‘T would: give -him-anioyo-an
than the men he was sssociated sith cones
[pay him, (And gobo lft: Tees Moped
IT didn’t know how for a whilo, but I
eventually hit on a plan,
~ “EL connected the fron ralling with a bat-
tery. On the sidewalk I lald zine. 1 dld
other things, So St resulted that when
one took hold of the ralllng he could’ not
Jet go. cH simply had to stay’ there, and
danco untll I had my fun. 1 think: two
nights sufiieed to break up the rowdles
that formerly hing around, c E
“Now [atm thinking of & schome that
WN prevent persons from using the naino
T have striven honorably to protect and
‘Yi. think I Nave got ft. iv . N
“One would be surprised to know the num-
er of persona who have made fortunes oft
my name, In the last twenty years T have
had to go after twenty or t Mety dig: ones,
It takes time, money, patience, Nut 1 have
‘mover relinquished my vigilnnee, never heal-
«tated In my pursult of those who play un-
fale with my nanie, :
. After the Japs, Too.
‘Mr, Edlson waa asked 1¢ he had seen th?
atrtement that the Now York company fh
soll magno pads to. the Japancsa: sot
ders, under tho claim that those ' using
them could work harder and stand severet
hardships than those not so blessed, vf
“Yes,” he gald, “and I am golng after
them there, I have had some correaponl:
ence with the authorittes in Japan Already,
and If T can locate the men aclling them]
Fi bal make tronble." Poet
Agked whero hia son is, he sald that he
‘now ja resting up in the northern pact of,
jehe State, suffering from a broken ankle, {
tug Hut he iv free, "thank God," he added
I. had rather sce every bone In’ him
roken than heve hifin backlog
jechemes.” é t
SRNO No Cire for X-Ray Pains,
bean. ‘Edison sald. concerning his awn7
ment that he ever. has found a phyaiela
ho, could tell hhn what.the remedy, “}
{tho’ pains caused by the snflacacesot!
rnys, * 1 fe bert
Lc sUMy. aasistant,” ho -satd, “ot thoeftecta|
More serlously than I did, while we wtré
experimenting with the machines, .1 ‘re-}
mem when lie came to me one morping and
began pulling is mustache. ‘Thé second:
atroke, all tho hairs came out. Thon his
feyebrows ‘and eyelashes fell off, hls face
became warped, his. muscles emacinted? his
ybody aenemlc, -Physlelang could do him-no
Land now. poor fellow, he §s dead. :.
1 Never Expect to Recover." i
‘ myeclt, never expect to recover ‘trom’
the effects of my experience with tho cath:
‘ede rays, Sometimes the patna across wy!
stomach are almost unedurable. Muge knots
form. No inedicine wilt dissipate, no .trent-
nent seems to allay the. suffering. Est:
ply ‘hava to wear the patie awa. S
< He has no doctor wito him, pa ee
jfear for him sometimes," ‘sald bis‘ as-
tant “Ho comes up here away from doc-
-forafand drug stores and plunges headlong
into: work, 1¢ {a sometimes dliiicult to- get
cBlm-to- ia, menla.”” a te
i; Another Invention, Expected... -,
: oe Edlaon“Is working¥ilh’ his’ cement
‘factory, and expects In. a-few-days tb shin:
|
‘ollowen the worms crawled, Welggled over | “I got tired of looking at them and de-
{
=
——
pllty ‘the mechanism of some of ta mas
chinery.: He may glye the word another
lavention tn a ttle whlle
.wAt my home in West Orange," he sald,
[Tam walsg all’ my: spare ttmé of a atora|
f tery. Maybe LW ide et cy
penta tieda lives att ho. Monagteryew
hore. ‘The piace gets ita name because
‘a’ houso-In which there ara-no wi 19D,
ics ey spi vat Batre of cay ANNE
Chesi Sn.the very heart of desdy,
one oe the Lackawanna, Rat Yaventits
dle yards, ‘ ee zi
WON FATHER’S SYMPATH ’
‘Kor years cstranged . from, lila home,
Thomas A, Edlson, Jr after’a career of:
remarkable adventures, Nag,won the sym;
‘pathy of his fatuer, ‘Thomfis A. ‘Edison,:
‘Sr, the Wizard of Liewellyn Park, and a;
reconelilation besween father and won that
WHI be lasting has been brought about,
{, dutterly prosecuting a sult agalust the
Thomas A, Edison, Jr, Chemleat Company,
Because he belleved It profited by hls ree
nown, the wealthy Inventor, hearlig of bis
song Miness, hastened to dts side, When
the young man promfsed to leave those
who were urging him to fight hily father,
the noted tuventor Inldt all differences
aside and took Lis won back to lis heart
and home,
With a soft glow In Lin eyes the senior
Ediron declared that the reconciliation
with hig son made tim feel Uke a boy
again, “It hing all onded ng it should," he
sald, “and the future holds mich promise
for him.”
CLOSED, ON A FRAUD ORDER,
* The closing apectacular episode tn the
interesting history of young Edlson was‘
the so-called Lhomag A, Edison, Jr., Chem-!
Jeal Company, and fn Its brief history. it}
maintalned a running tight with the senior
Edison, who after varying suceess in ltigns
tlon yesterday lind “ihe satisfaction of
seelug™the compuuy’s plnce of business,
No, 14 Stone street, closed on a fraud
order Issued by the Post Office Depart-
ment a
While the Edlsona fetfeltate in thelr re.
unton, W. Newton Bennington, tho head
of the firm clozed out by the Post OMee
Department, was angry. “Thomas A. Edl-
son, Jr,” he sald, “Invented the magno-
electric vitalizer, Ratented it and sold tt
to us, The elder Edison attempted to get
nu fojunction against us by the Post Omeo
Department,
“We will anpent the case to the highest
courts, but while Prattlog for a decislon in
tho case will probably incorporate a new
company to operate the bualness, One thow
ann, out of 8,000 of our patrons have sent
voluntary testimonials showing the merit
of the article, and wo will ‘iapute the nc.
ceusation of fraud Ju any court. The. firm
is solvent and does not owe a doliar to
‘any one,’" ‘
cl Pee 3
THE IDOL OF HIS FATHER. 7
“Mhomngs A. Edison, Jr, waa tho Idol « f
‘his. father up to the tlne he beéame
“Aentifled with the set.of young men. who
Hdtforth nightly on’ the Casino corner.
iarle, Tuohey,. 0 beauty of the Casing
irces,’ aptivatert the. young man, and nots
d\thifanding ‘the. entreaticgsotz7h{s -parents
(0 "ply | in
DW o-noftesa le mineried he:
“eke in fa’ tat Sree ae
{The :manner’ of :couttucting “his. flat: oo!
dupe stringency*+Inethe? young man's)
{nancial affatrs;-and- he: began sendlug his:
wane to. varloug corporations In_ the: elec:
‘trfent Une. .‘Che father secured :hia promé
Jise to stop this by paying him $50 a week,
keen amarried about a year young Halse
found a etter addressed to dls wife “by:
his..frlend ~Falrfax, sand walked - penniless!
from Luke Gcorge to New York, IIe sued for
‘divorce: and ‘Incidentally. disappeared ~ ant.
Was bunted throughout the country und
the belief that he was dead. os
"FOUND IN NORTH CAROLINA,
“Wandering about the country, young
edison was arrested for Intoxfcatlon at
Raleigh, N.C, and continued ty his erratic
career until struck with the fdox of making
mouey when he returned to New York. Ho
was Immedintely received wlth open arme
Dy concerns.who wanted his oaime and inel-
dentally the prestigo of ila father, i
In thghthig hls son's Inst. venture: the
Thomas A, Edison, Jr, Chemleal Company,
"the senior Hilson declared that his aon
never Invented anything and was Incapable
of makhug an invention, Te sald the. com.
ny Was organized with bia son at the
head siinply to ‘stesost to the ‘nubile that
he, rhe wen(or srapnene hae fomethtng to
flo with tho;manufacture of “electto mage
net vitalizerd," that cured overy, Lasemnse
—-
_TuUguxeapse,
"BEC 3
‘Adolphus’ in modern
‘iaimoved to th
ha Ne ¢
go. much blood and treasure during al
ithe t few years. , In.declaring against’
gaanonardidal form of government and re- |
ilusing a third term, endeavoring to exalt «
(the power of the people inatead of his §
wn authority, Washington gave grauder 7,
‘evidence of heroigm than ‘ie exhibited in t
‘the seven yeata’ struggle to frev the
fountry from English domination, Many t
jher ‘commanders, first and last, have-
ixhibited equal military skill; but in tue y
jour of guccesa history hardly hos anoth-
sr-of sudh! sayactous testraint, buch env |
lightened unselfishness, og that hown by
the Father of his Country, tho immortal
Seorge Washington. {
i The Presitent’s: omission of an’ Amer-
cary from the Hist of the great and grasp-
Ing warriors: he recalfal is to be com-
trendad rather than otherwise. | ‘he
greatest. American names aro those of
Washington and Lincoln, ‘and it , would
seem aaorilegious to put thom alongside
tho “European butchera and tyranta” to
rom tho News-Press rofers. .
Civilization honors the noble achieve: ”
nents of peace moto. than the bloody '
worl af:ovar, and. it is as proud of its '
‘
q
ae ‘and Marconis as barbarism is
‘ “Ciesars and Fredericks the Great.
| ‘this fy presuming’ that ‘thi ‘proaident |,
ly ‘thought: the ‘American general.‘too ;,
to be classed with the wo calicd ,
gréat-of the olf world. Tt isa neat de-!
n iy u
Idiers. Tt would* ‘b
President’. Roosevolt,¢
‘to the list, and thert
meg
‘Fraud Order Against Thomas A, Edison,
{yo Jiy Chemical Co, Reveals Reconcili-
‘sr. .ation—Young Man Merely ‘on’
Salary of §35 a Weck. .,
Says a Washington .spocial of Oatobe
;Becauso of trouble into: which Thomas:
Ed got. through. no: partidm
flcors.und agents us such, and Thomas,
As Edison, Jr. The company is charged’
[with ‘obtaining monoy through the mails‘
:by false’ pretenses, oeat
“Tho 'mugno-electric vitalizer,” an ale,
Jeged invention of Thomas A. Edleo
Ar, fs tho ‘artlele the company is ongag
i] in exploiting, , :
Wy “ ‘PUT ON. SALARY, *
‘} {In 1901 FranktIn Everhurt and W. New-
‘ton Bennington, of New York, induced
| young Edison to give the use of ‘hig
.| name.in.return. for. a salary of $35 week."
| Iy-which they pald for a short timo |
‘jonly, “Then the fac similo signature’ of
tho elder Edison was attached to ~the
‘“vitalizer.” He ‘protested so vigorously’
hat. the Postal Dopartment Investigated.
“In the meantime young Edlson’s health;
gave, way, and, broken in. body, he .re-.
turned to his father. Then the two unit
‘forces and attacked the chemical’ co
pany.” Bae oe a Ze
y-Dho obJect of:tho alder Edison wa:
“prevent the.use of the Edison name-
‘advertluo the article. The issuance of the
fraud order has a wider algnificance, 7
ing curative qualities, . ;
., DENIED EVERYTHING.’
During the .fraudhearings young.
nm‘ swore ho.hua-not been connec
Ince. August of Inst year; that he
$not invent the battery, did ‘not. adjust:
fvitalizer’to- sult the needs of the varia’
{oustomers of the company, had ‘no‘lal
never,fconsulted. any -of the ailing 2y
Swerey tempted “into- parting. with:
smoney,: for: the” vitalizor,-;no!
otmany different, things”th
é [dng matter,ot<the. company.’ it
——
yi
a st prensa ete e+
fy
mo ber's of.Comp: ,
the Fifth ‘Regiment, National Guard, . tin-
rider command of Captain; Wiliam: A.
;Lord, ‘6f ‘Orange,.fourticyed to Soho Sat-
surday;“ ands ‘on a: ‘bluft” overlooking: ‘the!
‘Second: River, not far from: the ‘Forest
Hill. Meld. Club-golf grounds, divided, ac-
leording to their physical proportions, ald)
engaged ina Merce conflict that ‘continued
fJutermittently for three hours. © ‘Tao’ un-|
dersized:men donned caps and .conta thiet
changed them as by magle ‘to Hght-todted:
Japanese Anfantrymon, while’ the. heavier
‘warricrs,. in . long coats’ and, upturned
‘niustaches, became’ tha heavy, ‘slow-mov-
dng: fighters of ‘Rusala Gatling “sun
as ‘ Exploaion.of.a Shell, E
jf, company from-Now. Yorksa huge jmggage
wagon and.an ange! of mercy, cast in ,wax
Wearing. 1, nurse's costume and: fixed
look’ of pity mada up the ‘talg f Nghters
wend
‘and accessorics.
+ Tho outcome of the engnadmoit, wing
to the equal division of troops, migat. atlil
bo.jn doubt but. for.a deadly (cross flre
from the pigture machine, from the flm)-
department / of” the Edlson <iciiatoscopo
Company_of-Went Orange. .Whenever!the
troops clashed. the Httio machine ‘cliaked
and whirred, until.the fring had “ied: out.
Finaily,-after’ charge: and, counter-shargo
and dendly-long range fire, General Mala~
Toft (Captain: Lord), and ‘the ‘Japanes,
Whee cbt Leo Ha A a it
a!
miral, gendral and’ fletd- off
fine: Lieutenant. : Vatentino;Drescter,.: of
Company I.) agreed upon a truce . ind
conferred jointly with ‘the’ manipulators
of the camera. Tho result was the,.dla-
banding of the arniles and tho establish-'
ment of & peaco: tha: vomlsca “to “be:
is Fi
lasting: : i 4
Tho. Edison Company-captured.in all. Aav-
eral .rceif=tf-moving’-pictures of both
armles, “In order to ‘avold *furthor~ex-
ploston of blank curtridges..and ‘Insuro
peace to-the pountryside, It fa Known that
certain sums, of ‘monoy: and: refreahments
were given’up by the supporters of. "’kine-|
toncope." a : *
stowed et ee tanat hd
——
{| Knollys, with whom, be
ATL, TUESDAY,
Te Kae ‘ B
“MER. EDISON'S COMING VISIT:
be ‘
“Tams commanded to assure you that
no 6no0, has greater admiration for Mr.
Edison ‘and for his, gonius and wonderful
digoovorics then his . Majesty, and it
affords him much pleasure to learn that
Mr. Edison ia coming to Mugland, whete the
Sing feols suro bo will receive tho warmest
of welcomes.” , F
<Thig' is tho gracious reply Colonel
Gouraud, of Idison Mouse, Brighton, hea
received from tho King throtigh - Lord
u J ins been in com.
munication with referonce to tho visit of
the groat American inventor in April or
May.
bo recoption committea will be com-
posed ‘of loading British subjects and
Amorioan, citizens. :
THE .DAILY ‘CHR(
SAHARAN ‘COURT. SCANDAL
|
y "
‘Strained Relations of Emperor
and Governor-General.
oamaes
* Tha prolonged. absence of “ tha Goyornor-Genoral
of tho Sahara,” Colonel Gouraud, from tho Savoy.
haa lod to minours of his disagreement with “ his
Majosty Jacques J.," and to put the mattor at
rest a “Ohronicle" ropresontative sought him at
tho Quarticr Goneral, Murino-parado, Brighton.
Here he found the colonel surrounded by a busy
staff packing gooda of all sorte, “
“Ts it true, ‘your Excellency," tho ‘“Chro-
niclo” ropresentativo naked, :“ that you aro not
quite in-agreement with.‘ his Majesty?"
““You may. say. that-,relations aro a. trifle,
strained,” was the colonots.reply. .
itectt? you, thon, leaving tho Sahara to look alter
| bee!
“Certainly not, Where I am I stay,, Whother
Jacques stays in tho chemo or rot, I romain. All
my plans aro made, I have dippatched an omis-
sary to tho Suitan of Morocco, with whom I am
alroady on tho moat fricndly terms, In fact, 1
have cngincered a loan of two million pounds for
his Majesty, to bo sectred on the Oustoma, which
will be administored my. syndicate, Of thia
enim £400,000 ia for the Sultan's awn ws0; tho reat
is to bo applied by us to the development ‘of the,
army. ‘ :
S Khia will not affect the loan advanoed by Sir
Ernest’ Consol, atiefactory ‘arrangement | ng
‘mado with regard to that eo that the Impire ¢
Sabara' will start with tho moxt friondly relations
with ita neighbouring monarch,” .
4 How rien ail these arrangemonts , affect
Jacquas T,
“They should he for his benefit,” Colonel Gouraud
anewered; “but, of ouursa, if ho does not caro to
avail himself of my diplomacy, eo much the wore
| for him. ‘Lhe empire will go on without him."
“ Whon do you leavo for tho Sahara, sir? ”’
“Mery shortly, I shall call at- Paris,” Vienno,
and Madrid on my way, oa I have pooplo anxious
to join me in all these capitals.”. -
,_ How do you account for * his Majesty’ allow-
ing theve eonda's to ariso in the courts, and allow-
ing actions to be brought againet him for salaries
hg . . .
“Only that ho has allowed. himself to be influ-
enced by outsiders, instoad of loaving hin intercata
in tho handy of ong who would have mfoguarded
him. I have distinotly lod ‘hia Majesty’ to under.
atand that, muoh as I regrot it, ho must drop all
_ | such pooplo if he wiahos to retain my eorviocs,’
“What is:* your Excellonoy’s’ view of tha pro-
*| posal_to food the Sahara?" 7 :
“Utter nonsense, Besides, before any echomo
!] could como to fruition I shall bo installed thero as
1] Gavernor-Goneral, and‘I defy any Yankee to como
and flood my country.” i ie es
“RUINED -THRFF -
s0
“dt Aoecaseo aN x
or?
weer er ee TI GTOSCEH
SOQ8 FER SS TSEU ss oe
a
no
2
|
——
gid le EE ie eh at
ETRE Ge om
Clippings
1905
|
|
'
fe ae
stsSSouy®
NEWYORK (ITY
Meni
NOY A ssfew 2 f
Feb £0 2305 fo
OS gemBPa aes
_ BY JAMES
OT long ago Thomas A. Edison, tha
1y) greatest living genius, was asked {f
he had invented the apparatus used
In the two Stntes where murderers are
electrocuted—New York and “Ohlo, The
question was put to him while he, was tn
a state of rreat mental perturbation,” but
pla-face softened and bls yoleo quickly lost
its filaty, substance wher Teplicd to the
question on electrocution, 6.0/2. e.
“ip did not fayent such ‘an “tnstroment,
he entd, “and f am sorry that electricity
tian been ptt to such a bad ‘use, Wheo
the apparatus was belng Installed at Sing
Sing 1 went up to look at it., The law
ee
passed—passed to the borror of all men
with keen aensibiiltles, the love of ho-
manity and the fear of God In thelr hearts.
1 may have contributed something toward
‘Asimpiltying the method of puttlag men to
-(death, but ff I did so 1 was moved by a
spirit that meant less suffering for those
condemned.”
‘fq electrocution the most palnless way
of putting one to decth?* ;
wassuredly It Is. There fs a sensation
of a moment onty—as8 quick as the bat of
an-ere, But in that second there $s pain
{ndeseribable. The flash comes and the
shock; !t ts ten tlmes more excruciating
than the feeling that results trom one’s
placing hls bands on live coals. It {8 4
burning, devilish, barrowloz fecllog. [t-
agine the quick thrusting of ten thousand
hot necdle polnts Into the body nt one
time, and you may havea falnt idea of the
(shock when the cucrent $5 turned ou.” *
Hla blue eyes fell on the erackHuz logs
that fay burning tn the bie fireplace be-
fore him. For a minute he sat wrapped
In gloomy meditation, Around “him were
minlature modets of his greatest discover-
les—the telephone, the grapbophone, the
electric Nght, the phonograph, the storage
jbattery—dozens of mecbanteal contrivatices
that have given the world incaleutable
‘benefits. His big yard dog that bad beet
Iylugz. before the :fire got ul yawaed,
“stretched himself and “then walked over
and put his nose between hly master’s
coke pe awe GS Oa
e days, but Et does not fit modern mes.
fa $ a
[PHOTOCOPY]
wie
EDISON REGRETS ELECTRIC
CHAIR WAS EVER INVENTED
S. EVANS.
‘
H
i
{
knees, The ercatest electrical Inventor the |
world hos over known thus was gwvakeped :
from bis reverle, He continued: . H
i ME am worry the gallows was | ever
thoifght of; the guillotine Is a barbarous
instrument. The system of purroting be- \
longs to the Dark Ages, and whatever may
vo'sald In behalt of the present way New |
Yor” nia of “brehiliny’ lta" taedorers,
fo less ghastly. nnd {nexcusnble than are |
the Instruments of death used In the sent.
elv{lized nations. ; tee
TrWe call ours a country of advanced
thought. Gur men thluk and feel and our
women pray. But we haye not yct emerged
time that we threw off come of our
parbarity. This country ts ply enough and
rich enough and human euough to lock "Dp
those who ki) and make them work. ie
It Is the deslre of the Inw to punish, what
mode could there be that would carry
more angulsh, grenter torture thin to.
enter erlminals in a big house, they knows
ing that from that moment they never
providing for such menns ‘of death hadjfrom the shadows that made the Middle |
: a’text for bistorlans, But tt wero | :
songs of cliidren, catch the clasp of a
again would see witd flowers, hear the \
\
see the glories of the earth, feel the
freedom of the alr? Could cue linagine a
vondltlon worse? Because ao erazy mau: or
woman, under the Influence of whiskey, or
moved by some devilish passion, slays his
felluw. Is there avy reason or excuse why
the State shontd murder him? ‘That old
Mosale law—an exe for an eye aud a tooth
for a tooth—may bave been all right to
= hand, Usten to’ words of cheer,
“put let’s quic talking about such grew-
nome subjects, Did { ever tell you of the
thine I was working In o oewspaper office
and recelyed a message convey’ Ing the tae
formation that Lincoln was dead”
He bad not, ‘and I satd so. {
ewell, Ie was after a bard day's”——
(eM, Edlsop, dd you know you had to
get up at 6 in the moral * broke In bis
eatetary. “t's gow 1 ofcloc ha 4
(its that so”? he asked, «in surprise.
dwell, [aust be going to bed," be ald. }
“Bnet EI tell you.about It to-morrow A
“
a
’
ae = 7 yt , ‘ ? =n , . y ; . Fs ‘ z
_. A. Close Study’ of Thomas , the Man---By: Pendennis
: ay . ve i s ape: iat! : i. a i oe gre, ae TY . pf oe . .
7 ‘ ate , . said 6 ° : . Pee . os
‘all the information that has’ operating at high speeds, whon mature: it {ath charactor and 2 certal an z of nowly appliod dis- ‘lug constantly toot porfect tone. There. about and #0 induced Mr. WWangeman to oatod chemical action ‘like: a battery,
aEU given tortho_publio, of Edi-: drow ide attention te the fudiblo sounds. itysof imgaination in the inventor. goverios, year in-and ne on , fo that, is nothin now, owavor, that we can. advance with mo. E .,, ‘That's why it has taken time to m
son’s porsonality, I seom to have produced by tho vibration of a stylus. Edison works.with no apparent oxecu: it should’ bo; not moroly oa dit. df still not: record. “Wo had .troublo ‘st ‘frat’ Ho may have heard ua spprogeh is ‘suro, ; wie i
traced a literary innecuracy—an : ho was using in connection with tho in- tive system, You may hunt almost an life, but’ a progressive “pnotgy, alive with ‘soprano voices, and lato with vio- chair, and he may not, but ho did not '"¥ou know it happens ‘sometimes
omphasis of tho stooping. shoul-"struments, To this ho applied | his whoro for him in the various dopa: minute, Edison himsolf;arried lin and /ccllo solos. Wo only put ‘collo turn around, Mr, Wangeman is.a scion- when things got slow around horo that
dors, the nogtigao attire, tho.abstracted knowlodgo of neoustics and tho ‘tolo-. monta of his laboratory at. any ; tho weight of constantly impgnding: solos on tho market about four months \tist of tho physically indepondent typo, I'suifer from ennui,’ he said, with a
mannor, tho untrimmod hair, tho sudden: phone mechanics, with tho result that. No one: knows ‘how many, acerets ara: failures to a'ttiumphant practical jvaluo,"ago.. No day is oxactly like another, 80 he told him'what he wanted. + gomi-comic regret in his voioo, which
flash of goniua in tho oyo, ‘the inroads. ho produced the phonograph. And so it formenting in his, brain. nor the ‘ge. age : her is a constant though minute at- I was nover moro impressod with the got us all Inughing, becauso aison ia
of mysterious acids on his clothes, Ho; seems to havo beon with him all slong quonce of their dovelopmont,. Qdd-cor- Ow a nach oY .’ mosphoric change ‘going on-nbout us, so nonsongo-I had road about his melo- an inexhauatib 0 working. battery him-
has beon pushed to tho conter of tho:.tho Hno, Instead of fooling, as wizirds nora, ‘onclosed works In the plain. brick 3a a bulldog) onco Wo tt everything, no matter how nb- dramatic. mannerisms, his wizard di a0!) ‘Woll, when I got one of those °:
world’s stago as a dramatic character, fold havo done, that nature was A buildings of the laboratory, woro-shown “ho sols bokt oe an idea, and youlcan’t.surd it may seom nt,tho ‘timo, in an nity ond his rosemblanco ‘to Shakspor- shelig I gencrally go into things pretty
tho wizard ‘of that ‘most incomprelon-, dangerous, awesome spoctor to bo with: to mains places whero ho snatehaed. a acoft hin ec cous him to lot aa. Refore. cffort: to catch ‘nature”in a’ seiontific can Spothecaries than whon ho jumped thoroly, and altho wos sure toate
. : ; stood and feared, ho has scon hor beau- jittie sleop whon too absorbed to ‘go ha ‘renches ‘for ‘a thing Rei melig’ trap.’? . What I heard’ will not be on from hie chair and wo mot cordially, I storago hattory could bo made (because
ties, approached hor with confldonco, homo. - Bey eo! around?! ithoroly to soo if it’s hvorth tho markot for a year, Edison's policy have mot ‘much moro assumption..of I didn’t think that Nature could be so
man ‘trace ¢ and found that sho holds only tho most get. ate’ + : SNe and whonover ho fatis to get the 48, to mistrust 2 morcly friendly aspect greatnoss in colobrities of equal fame, ‘moan as to confine horsolf to a lend bat:
strategy, inapiration and human shrewd." pudearing principles Zor humanity ‘ub. “Hi sa ‘mochanic, Fred ‘Ott,’ probe lutomlod rotait rhe lot ao etone natn of haturo till ho has acquired ‘hor as- Put with fower practical achlovemonts. tory), the important question, in my . .
noss.that have been’ noglocted in gom,'"' : fe eae >, ably tho:man who is clogor to:the magio ral causes or bid! workmanship; -h just surance of its practical tru : Sk a eR . mind was to-know just exactly what.” :
’ eral surveys of this inventor who hna oe : si ha ofEu{son’s achiovaments than any other soys, ‘It isn’t naturé that’s wrongiit’a - Wo found, Edison in-the ch Edison is not a.dandified man, ho is Was required of that battery, ‘So I: had™.,
heon -placad in tho foremost rank of{\' Edison‘is not o wizard, ho is a sturdy, Oss : : He ae ae pall ; ents ZO nee not stoap-shouldered, ho is not-slow:or-'2complete census of vohiclos taken in
tho scientific world, among such: ‘non sunny-soulod, hard-honded son pt Ohio eee Boa ; : : AS ere .,ponderous,. or -tochnically : myatorious,.. New York, report of the congestion
as Koch, Haeckel, Loebb an entgon,' Ho 'Nyas what. oll great: Americans ‘hair ds only. just turned gray, and. ‘and tho avarago spoeed. I saw at.once
ae r the" presont da: tho: his trousers Wore not creased,:nor i/that Jf a storagé battery.could be
douribablo dignicy gua! tists ia: wereosts |eousd the questi Ok ttt q
01 a tt) ‘0! bf “A: WoOs' MN nm. OL :
8 the man.of’ ab ; : pard. font oe ow poreer. aus ; ay a offte Tend hate
. “jatraction .and silent “mystery, but, pet : : : on -gort of “weste y eliminating fond must
vir . Qoim: anong ‘o Tionds, an Wil te: _ 3 . x a i
tp Lira} ‘atesmon, but. ‘Hotter stories and. Heten’ to.cid ones, as : : at ised lamer ed for day there
Je Wehon! fi Peaclipean imagina-»Ronerously and: with os keon a pleasure -} 4)’: mately finding ono that wouldn't drop, jicame’ just a nibble: just a Métle bit o:
tion: has turned ghost ‘traditions; *,0rdinary hearty humam boings, | ' : Ho has -waiting courago, aud no matter’ something; ‘then. that disappeared and
*-$nto’ commercial commonp aco facts; , Because Edison is a oropnot, ‘chosen . i Show elreumstanees blind him, bo koopa: ‘for along timo I got nothing. SET
woll, it’s difforont,- Say what you will,’ {0 Advango the power of his. fellow . one right on fooling his way by.litHle things, kept’ at fb little by Util ceaciug to
.-Bdison has harnessod ‘his’ imagination: eee ah ats cf oxactitudes senree | a a : 3 till thoy grow enough for him to seo,’ along but.no lresult,. T° felt. porfoctly '
. forsupornatural imps, and, driving then -sny theatrical oxaggorations, Ilowover, R Nasal bacauss what le bolloyes, . geno eal surg that Naturo hold the, secret an
dn‘ thru one door of ‘his Inboratory, ,has hia-dramat! io flavor has beon ‘so liber» fE : " Pagal hos tho habit of mental that dE rasa 't hor fault, | (1t’s mo!
: ‘Sentathem i out ay dn at the ‘other end ally mixed with tho solid: commercial : : 3 : a contration of-cientteae oxnatnons, He pane tg myself Hoe cae ie fat t
demons sy even RS pouits of ihe Hadlzon factory ae ae 48 colloquial in his language,"he hos na’'zot { negative: ana ‘positive “without
“cNo-donbt’ there are selontists: cham’, Mora: businone ane oe ee eae , 3 f “Fall rounded sontonces, no pretty Bites. ead, But aftor that so delicate and
mechanics ond mathematicians ‘in -thing thor Litorally, perhaps, te ts : ‘ ations of tec! Bae Ore Bu -on: Mysterious is chemical action that’ con-
“the Edison wrorks. that Py, the “tery {inovitable, because tho main forco, tho” J ‘ a secon thea Fst Pues Bs Popnees on GiHons ranld alter : and, make | over jets
orca 0: oir uncompromising training jimpe 10" tho indofini F 4 ote) Deka ig unreliable, Wo had some trouble
consider the great inventor ne rf dreane im nite. F htcomes and incomes ae: the, : : mite no’ misunderstanding on ofthe owith them after wo first put them ous .
"Ge af htm seule ng knowledge se oot Hoekatte’ Treeaattee Satige sa.” the “ gpilg-la,only slightly deat, and the tally <hr ve" gound out tie Lace
mM: no. knowledga 8: magination of, im i Re ¥ “ ut: that 0. Sites
act science con‘explain, ”. * = peste dison, the inventor of its marvols, 3 - about his nacosslty to watch tho lips’ of : Gistiied ‘water the drivers. unable to
4 Take fhe dreamer out of man _ ru a ee ee ee m another: to underatand him is Gettoey find sony bad Rone to Org, stores aad :
lestroy: the divining’ instinct. ‘0, soe cat hd AE ee : i tara ort ame 9 bin wh 2 purchased carbonic water the gases o:
ian and le’ maker ‘Tho miracles -o: It ie a place of ‘ magical “things, : . ‘end asked him What he» m ) dol Bhout which partly destroyed the ation of
sovorios are to the scientist: Schioved by imaginative prosclence. 4 UB hoso Telkewe out wost ‘don’t. scem. the rest. There is no knowing what.
osporntely rensonable, and: to. label: In spito of the many clover assistants to entch on,?? ho bogan. eh dor Dbocause:.c8n do with it,’ I’vo no doubt I can,
his. exact ‘oxporlments ‘ns’ mero vapor: I mot ot tho: works,-in spite of thelr "those batteries aro’not call, over the. reduce Jt ‘to-halt its present size but.
ings from dreamland enrages him, Still; xact ronsoning, their scientifle oxperi: ‘ “United Stntos now the: ‘goom_ to‘ think: poses.’’ Sie hae oe Aiea rc
ay" what ho’ will, tho inception of a fon, take Edison away and-thore would ~T havon’t done it. Tlf show Yom noxt ‘Tho phonograph ot least {8 com-- -
Ost pny now invention” hag 1 bo.no moro wondornork ‘forthcoming | spring; thoy’ bo on tho market thon, :Pleto ~Tsuggeste: roenee tt
Sot doraopnents meh ese. ath, MO ne : a aa 20 Gy eae a OB ag He cement
ke Edison's own story’ of the how ‘ Bdison biriselt expressed the idea this Pom ome the market A Eat ep iwhat pleasure it -has givens it is 4h
lstorazo battery which -he has Just come PO of Mind gros inant anything’ ‘ would do the work.!? He paused, star \poor man’a’ music but. wo are. experi-
leted, and -of which*ho told mo much “that amounted to much He hasnt the, “ing, straight ahead,.and I. waited, for; menting, dmproving, discovering” now.
detail it was based upon ‘the. in-:fametuntion to dee F don’t know « a thought, ho was a uating to make things all.the time:ln it.’?:
oni “ : vanything . about. mathematics—can’t. | (i vo: Clear, as ho habitually bas.dong in his : [
; © Loven -do proportion—but I can hire all’ - : iments. |: ‘‘T hi ‘ ke ee
: a a ok ho'zood, mathematicians I need,??’ And ~ torage battery docs tho work;.thoy azp i ‘Just tho seoret of | Hdl.
been mek eg hey fevers Ned be ate ve adged, but Tona's ice 7 Reon aPt a Naor poeae carn tease bene rong te A
‘battory ‘to lend ‘and acids, . “Maybe Re a alae Jopical 4 moRinat! 60° years old to ‘make. the thing ex ovimonial Te. always luring-him into: bypaths that-n
: becouse he'had always ben so pune-. next February; ho,is still o “been testing ovor’ 20,000 of Jem -right ‘one “suspects, ‘In’ addition ito, his * be’
sly: chivalrous. and Just~to hor * in spite.of the proasuro.a here in. the laboratory, and. they?re -all “.ter-known- patents grtanted=.in conne
laboratory, that. > nature: id: his Ht ei: ight now.. They.can do-tho work ‘ail ; tion with ‘the: development: of ‘the ‘eles
wa: rdod him by -liftin; : 9 x means a polutl on of the, srowded tra. trio. lamp, ithe telograph;: telephone, th
<fio problem in all great eB. 0 prol milling?machinery..and:‘storage bai
,slom solved is this: W halve the sae orion, hive inventions. “incladesveto. 7
6]
nco-nnd even their oxperimental cau-
ave proven that my.
- ry., Bomething ” sor vehiclos.in. crowded stra : y
. ae \! . i } owded ‘atrosta .bocaro ~ ‘itera, oleotrio: pens, vocal
Wal Fea copper dish Sie GeO, OVEr -B wwo eut thelr longentin, two whon: we lle engivey edareasing?. mechinds mbthoay
wooks, till it-waa done,’ ho said. ©! Oursof sth ph H ;Wango: jilm-and he lay far down in-his chate SWS: With the horse; thenewe halvoilt'‘o#"presorving. fruit, eustiron: madutes
media woro:sent in-and we.slopt:here.’?,man; r 1 : ry, i nil y Aygator spocd ch’ preveiita’: tura,’ wiredrawing, . olectri comotiy
“Afraid ‘the whole thing: would: go’ fo dhaon’ 7h Ri tho ‘mak,
ey : ; : pin‘ smoke??:I' asked, -. A monte hore. “H
3 J e- alr. above; - Just: at’ re in the Inboratory that: t! ‘No... Wo wore suro. enough if. ho’ thw a y been: orl be
that.'timo “ho was in tremendous:favor of Edisbn’s imagination is-o d snot thru-to' do 1t..- ; eertang : rt
i with: Damo Naturo, ‘and- sho: gave “hin Yot:thd ‘secrets: are. open to ‘any’ “Now ‘Frod Ott. volead :the: germ: th : referred -to bigac 8 f ac
: an iden for the ineandescont. Ja: opsorver, becaugo thero .is, really Edison: had ‘introduced: right thero “ not) 5 re!in’a th hh 3 ad Fan. it 1s plain, coaseloss go! 3 vor}
which :obliterated “for. 'a “tim 5 ific question about them-Edison ~°To do: ae ae ey ade me! s magindtive:audacity of; a! ooot-oh
t in wiroloss telographysy" - lot fearlessly answor, since it'is: ‘To nail tho dream together go that It “frequent+ : ithoso’ -as‘if.it-wero:a bit of: -heada it
\the Zlamps camo.rexporime ‘mataral -évolution.. of, exper ould:never-fall- apart-again:,\Yos,.and. ‘ Rly abstract. silences: in‘a” breach rps, hy
tomatl hanges that coun much'as ito keep it: up to. date; to incoulate it jt fur tehnever, to-be forgiven,
technical man, the pertod wher
the’ phono; “OS: “evolng, Wi
araphy.
to-him ‘by. nat tw
told ‘mo; Tehen. th “Le
had. i tho. ‘aph-:
ty. * Minos rare tho-nover loft his room,: night or, da:
lashed a‘ me
two .milos in the:
hee Matinee
ef) eu ade
Dp |
GOS Plaue ado p |
FRENCH COURT PARALYZES
in ro fel PHONOGRAPH INDUSTRY
AT
Decides That Hotders of
Disks and Cylinders Are
Liable:'to Payment of Royalties to ;
Fpectal Cable Dispatch to The Inter Ocean,
PARIS, Feb, 25.—An extraordinary state
of ‘afinira has been brought about'in the
+phonographle world by a deelsion In. the
Paris Court of Appeal {na cago brought by
tho; French Society of Musle Authors and
Coniposers agalnst the phonograph manu.
fecturers of France,
Tn: consequence of this decision the-manu-
facture and sate of phonographic cylinders
ang, disks of all Kinds has been cntiroly sua-
* nded..throughout the, count
| aiodreds, of workmen.are jle.: + oy
y; Me, Soctety of); French: Musle Authors:
Authors of.Songs Used.’
maintata that the fact at registering a song
or a sélection from an Opera on a dlek or
cylinder constitutes a public performance,
and readers the manufacturerand holder of
the disk or cylinder Hable to pay the soclety's
foo overy time it Is put In use, eee
This extraordinary view hi, It appears,’
legally correct, aud the result $8, the sudden
vessatlon of the phonograph, business in’
France... * Tos
. In: view af "thls. far reaching ‘decision, a:
Cabinet counell ‘was held to devlde what:
Messurcg;, could’ be’ taken to, icing: about -a°
solution of thid unexpected diflculty. ~ ©
PS oe
: First, Best and Largest.
“|NCORPORATED 1885.
Nos..sessesssoceeee
; From the
- joneresg
(NW isdouQ)
NEWYORK CTY
7 oe 0 ;
Peaksed |
From)
ages, nN. x, nS Whlys- So
Fey zo
ee Ca =
rs M® THOMAS A. EDISON, the great inventor, who
recentlyzunderwent-n“successful surgical operu-
tion for the removal of a mastoid abscess behind the
left ear, shares the failing of many other men of genius‘
and distinction, of the past and the present, of a shy dis-
position and an aversion to over-much contact with his
fellow-men except for strictly business purposes, He
hates to be lionized almost as much as Tennyson did, but
has never been known to treat curious and uninvited
persons quite as rudely as the English poet is said to
ave done on occasions. One reason, too, why the
‘.
1
great electrician does not like to go
very much probably lies in the fact th
absorbed in his work, prefe:
he is not occupied with busi
most to spend his time in h
his Wife and children,
domestic in his tastes,
out in company
at he is deeply «;
rs plain clothes, and when
ness cares and duties likes
2 In_his own beautiful homo with
Mr, Edison is, in fact, decidedly
and home is the only realm, ex-
cept that of electricity, over which he aspires to reign,;
He has three children, two daughters in their teens,
ard a son, Theodore, known, for short, as Teddy,’
who is only four and the pride of his father’s heart,
THOMAS A, EDISON AND MRS. EDISON
Looking over their autograph-letter book,
Mrs, Edison is a youthful matron, a devoted mother,
and just such a helpmeet as a man needs to have who
is prone to forget himself in his work and to give less
heed to the things that make for health and longevity’
than he ought. But for her gentle insiatence, it is said,
Edison would often work all night and Sundays, too, and
would frequently also overlook the fact that an occasion.:
another useful invention.
of
Ts remmnnaar lla.
——
SERISON ANDOIIIS EARLY WORKS
cue Ty Anvrinn CHereninn.
) SM the age of pwelve Edison took what ony he ealled
Tie stant in dite by beeomdag a trata boy on the seetlan
af tte Graal Cripk Raddy central Mich
ann Where fe peddied pape
ale,
While dn this capacity he edited, printed, and pale
Jished a sail) qaper of his own on the trata, and caltedt
tothe Grand Trank Herald it hada eirentadon of
about $00) anoems the employees of the road ‘Thes
famous cngineer, Robert Stephenson, had a complete,
file sent hin regularly
Shorvy atrerward, Edison resened the son af a. atte
tion agent from being run over by a train, and as a
acknowledgment: of bis services, me: father of+
Jofo feneh bim how to Celegraph, ie opportuatty.-
he was quick to tube adyanbige of With five wants
De obtained a situation as an operator, anon one ave
casion, di seating tan dispatches, very nearly eansed
a collision, Rewiziag the mistake he hid) nade he
Vouk un fy opportmity to leave that seetion of the
comntry, fe collision, howeve Hever oraurred,
Owing to hfs dlisitke to rautine werk, lis fondness fay
reading, aid dis Inventive genius, changes of position
were Treqitent, aid he heeame what is hoawg us a
rnp operator,” although reputed to le nm very efll-
elent one. One of his lint Tniprovemeyis was a record:
Ing telegraph, and, as crelated by himself, orlginated
us follow
"TE worked a ‘plug clrede din the day tine at Tndian-
apolis, and gol a small salary for doing it Bat at
mMeht, with another operator named Parmicy, Fused
ty reeelve newspaper reparts just for practice. The
regia operator was aman aged Williams, and: as
he was given fo coplous Hhatfons, he was glad enough
to sleep off the effects, while we dld bis work for hine
us well as we contd, J would sit down for len minutes
and ‘take’ as much ag T could from the jostriument
eserying the rest fuomy head. ‘Then, while [ wro'
Parmley would serve his turn at taking, amd so on,
This worked well unti) they pul a new ian on at the
Cineinnatieml He was ene of the qufekest dispatchers
ip the buriness, and we son found Ut was hopeless for
us to try to keep up with him. Then ft was that 1
worked oul my first invention, and ine ity was cer-
tafnly (he mother of tt. 1 got two old Marse registers,
and arranged them in steh a way that hy cuioing a
seri of paper Ghrough them the dots and shes Ww
revovded on Tt by the first bistroment as fast tus th
were delivered from (he Clinebauntth end, and they were
transmitted (ois threngh th other fistrament at
any desired rate ot speed or stawtess,
come in on one instrument at the rate of forty words. a
minute, and we would grid them ont of the ather at?
the rite of twontydlye., Then were we not prowl! Our
intoute, and we would gelnd them out of the other al
the rate of twoulyetive, Then were we not proud! : Our:
copy used to be so clean and beautifut that we hing It;
npoan exbiition, aud oar manager used to come and!
gave at Tt silen(ly with ae puzzled expression, ‘Then
he would depart, shaking bis head inn frouited sort
Saf way. Te eg not nnderstand it, netther eaulit ay |
oof the other uperators, for we used fo drag off our ime |
“prompt automatic recorder and bide lt when our totly-
was over, Int the erash came when there was a hig!
Sulght's wark --a Presitentlat vote, PE think Ho was and:
Poeepy kept pouring heal the top rate of speed. until we:
y fell an hear and a elf ar twe hours behind The:
\ Teawapapers cont i frantie complaints, an davest teat te
‘ms: ie be
|
i
1
=.
|
i
i
{
|
i
They woyl
[From Scientific American Supplement, vol. 59 (April 1, 1
was nade, aiid ony TOE scheme was discaveredt, W
could not use Hany mere” Tt was Chis instrmient
that led to the invention of the phonograph,
Mr, Edison was once ioked how large a pe
of what [s popularty termed genius was in his
tion duborn genias, wast how anved dard work and ape
pileation, or “srlhand sumption” We replied, “Well
about 2 per cent is gendus and the rest is hard wae!
He hata great objection te be ented a diseaverer, ‘Che
majority of Ids Inventions ave the resalt af sheer lava
work and lawla) deduction, An illustration of this
assertion of tis, concerning the deliberative nut fore:
sceingamitire of Liveution, entme up Tne chat about the
telephone and fis present level of per fon,
doubt known, Mr. Maison added to the original {ell
telephone one thing that tt needed Co make iH Chorengh>
ly practicable. Hell iid: bis assochites tavented and
patented & recelver whieh answered [ts purpose exeead-
ingly Swell; bul it was lett for Rdison to invent: and
patent (he carbon transmitier, fle sott die right tin de
Znlted States to the Western Union, and it with be
remembered that Che war between the two computes
was amicably sealed. in Eagghuid,” sak Edison, “we
had fun, Yous heither the Bell peopte nos we could
work satisfactorily without injuring one another, ‘They
infringed on my Cromsinittes, and we tnfybiged on their
re reo there we were eutdnge each ott
throats. Well, of course, tis could nat ga on fer ¢
and consolidation had to come, although a second flyht
over the terms of this consotidation was hound to come,
Mn a omeasire (hey hid the whip laa of ass set wath
Not surprised to recelve one day tron our represent
tive In Bngland a telegram, Che gist of whtel was that
the Bell people wanted more tha their share of the!
vecelpts fa case of consolidation, andl chat am agent
was at lis wits’ end whit tudo, 1 eatled back at ones
to the effect: Do net accepe terms of consolidation.
WI lnvent new reeeiver und send tovers Then 1 set
to work, to had tami cut before that electrtelty aleved
in same tuysterions way the coeiichentis af feleion in
moving bodies, and ft determined to uiten this tet te
necount, fn thes: weeks TE Mied a ceeeiver finished
Wileh worked even better Chin Hells, ait fi less
ho (me atterward we bad got six tdred af then
dnade, With those we started off a bedy of men ana
m™dek steamer, deck oa bisteuetor went along, whe,
during the voyage, Gaught the nen how to manipulate
the pew recelvers, and how to cmake them if mere
should be required. The new vers, bnmedtitely
on thelr arrival fi Gaglaned recatlaehed Co the tne
striments tn alt air statlons, aed thls brought ar op
ponents round, We consolidated on equal tering short:
Iy afterward. This happened about the y I
OW the subject of (neaddesvent etectrie sighting
Blisan liguesel? xis “The clvctrle Hight Nas causedt
ine the greatest amount of study, aad bas requby
most elaborate experinmeuts, although bows. tv
self discournged, o¢ Dielined to be hapeless: al atte
(cannot say the same for all iy assoclates., Amd y
Chrough afl Chose years of experineating aad resenr
T never ouece ticle diseuvery, ALL iby work wits de:
dtetive, ad Clee eesilis Poaehteved were Chase al hie
vemtlon pure and single, 1 woult coustract a theary
qd work on its Hines madit f found UW untenable, ler
it would be alisearded at one aint another theory
evolved. “This was the anty possible way for ine
work. out the probleni tur the conditions wnder whieh
fhe Ineaulescent light exists are pecudise asl ansatl is:
factory for close Livestleation. fut consider this; we
Javon alist tiie nit tilament heated ta a des
gree which tis diiticult for ns to comprehend, and fl
$y Sa veetenee, ty contitions vhieh owe gyre
As Is ne’
wholly ignorant, You cannot use yo
you dh the investigation, and you reatly brow wold
or what Is going on dn that tiny bulb. speak without
exaggeration when say that) have vonsineted dhirea
thousand diferent theortes In commectlon with the ele
ine Heht, eneh one ot hen rensonuite and apparently
Hkely te he true Yet tn two cases only did my ex:
perlments prove the trath of my theory, My ehitet dit:
culty was fi coustrueting the earhon Olaanent, the tne
candeseoncoe of whieh is the source of the light, Every
quarter of the’ globe was ransacked by my agents, and
nll sorts of the queerest of materhils were Usedt, until
flually the shred of bminboa naw wWilized by des wits
setlied upon, Even now tam stil) at work nearly
every day oon the fiimp, and quite recontly | have da.
vised aomethod at supplying sutiicient eusvent to fitteet
ly tan hinips per
Jumps With one horsepower, For
horsepower was the extreme Hill.”
Mr. co's Inhoratary at Lewellyn Park, Nod, fe
n collection of -Inubifings af briek and stone, erecta at
an enormots © Hhlet with the finest tools, apparatus,
and books the world card prodves, aud the whale fr
given up solely to tustriomental senenreh aid cousts
{ies the test mannehable, in tact Oe only enter:
prise al i+ abehnvacter in tie woeld, Accord
fog toa recent writer Hf eoutuiis saiat aye y stile
stance in the workt, ‘The thomiunnds of p eon botes ad.
drawers contain skbos, feathers, and Cars of the whole;
Anti erention, hones saul Castes af adh sachs Ca
(ures, minerals, barks, grasses, drugs, fruits, ana
in hewldering completeness. Some of the specie
so tare that they are kent Hike: dlamonds, in
folded papers, ‘The grotesque nature of same cl
aterhuls Chere collerted prompted the inquiry. Us
ean you ever want sneh things as sharks’ teeth
rhinoceros horn?* Ah. that question shows tit
don’t know what queer things electriciins are.
plied ony modern Virgil, “During the progress of V.
experiments with fhe Incandescent electric Mant, {
Instanee, nearly everyting one ean think of was tr
asa primary material from which to form the delir.
bits
' ‘
thay | Cathon flament whose Incandescence fs the source of
Uahy. aAxain, the delicate needle which, affixed to the
tnilerside of the vibrating dinphrague of che phane-:
staph, indents the smooth revolving surface of the
wasen cylinder, lid to be formed of some material pos
sessing pecalver properties of elasticity and rigldity,
and so ft sors with all the litte detally of electric ap: =
Dlittice
| [PHOTocopyy ¢
: ;
a
. First, Best and Largest.
| INCORPORATED 1885. ,
da secevsvesscceee
Lentamtinantand i
ae scat cearcroeorooe: seseacsecesennosssqenenonseentes
: ; From the
me iF) ONAL PRE
| ESS ARSED.
pel eR | MU AWYORK CTY
| ae ee | aca 0
LIG
1 ;
A ees
‘oom
; ica .
f et authentie article on the
) Edison monolithic house, which hus
jexelted such wide and varying com- ; Bee AS
ment from both the technical and gen-, i sh ‘ae pigs
‘eral press, appears in the ‘Mayel jee: os HES: OF CONCRETE |
!sue of Cement Ago from the pen of}
15, S. Larned, Among. other sone
sions drawn from’ an ‘Interview: with
Mr, Edison Mr, Larned States that the |
Edison cheap, concreté:hotse’ts prim- |
farily intended for familles- ving” ay]
;the: congested tenement’ districts,‘ of |
; the large cities, who find at present af
rminimum rental ‘of $9' per month for |
two or thréo rooms. with poor Hght,
Door alr, poor sanitation; to- be ‘aes
;compahied with appalling fire’ risks |
aud’ generally unattractive and de-!
moralizing surroundings. In order ;
ithat the cost’ of Hying should not be;
.enhanced, it fs necesgary fn taking |
these familles into the anburbs ° or
country district, to fix the rental guf- :
‘ficiently low so that the difference be-
tween the present rates and ‘the pro-
Logo 6 ‘ sein
New, York, Marcir’27, je won|
of concrete. construct on are unending,
Edison designe: iS thousand-doltar
ich “cditld : ba‘ mado!
)and “now, inventors are |
. n_be'made on steet! !
posed rate will cover the cost of trol- rs with the concrete relnforced by | ;
ley transportation to and from the oy a ou bars: The outside strfaca :
“elty or place of employment. Mr, Edi- oxtia tl to..the.avuter Is. made. of ar
son claims that the cost of the pro- ting cane eg etetete over wire nete! i
“posed house Is estimated at $1200, in- Wane aoe Kept “perfectly -smouth andl; 4
cluding plumbing, heating and Heht- pure cemect “by an external cout of!
‘ing fixtures, The house is Intended Bulknewn: : z : j
for two families. and tho rental re- ean he S..decks and even vabin Uy
quired on a & per cent {investment Fame w, ronatructed of cement In the
‘Dasis would be sufficlent under the Cont only one ent, Pullt of comenp
present conditions to more than cover foes, and Hie ahaha 2 steel oak:
the expense of transportation of the eee eae
they need never py
head of the household. Cement in all | ‘ mer be
formg of construction has come to be thine require’ repairs
z
=
=
a
a
Fo
a
4
S
Cee een
. A company" ft
the subject of gencrat knowledge, and h ‘i 7
,, for this reason alone, if for no other, insipe ae ie Tien poats which are
the public mind is inclined to accept struetion hast rere
‘| this new dca of house construction eee
ontoons.
Jt fe even viaimed ”
crn be hutit o; ea
Awith eonfidence in its poasibilitics
‘Jand those of the poorer classes, far
whom it 1s expressly intended, ari
hat” buttleships
F
“Roxtously awaitMne ite first prac ee st
teal demoustretion, :
h
f cement,
Aner.
FEATURES OF we
: ae
vAlva
atin ‘all: the workd ta: ‘profited with:
‘knowing!that s¢ aprung trom his 'Car-
brain led I Jast,Jntght’s by
Pleh'at.the‘Ainers
manoot Yar Anat new Jaurel
j Upon Ahn 2 Latks
HThac invention,
tie tolecpap th
ithe: sls hi oF productfal
.telalty, toon dsted Inthe yan’ ot
word ¢! bello:? ae call and
phone conversation. “In "th
ob sthe “apecch-carrytng é wi
such” purpos ‘untit jone
day Edson had occasion to atep'4o.a‘tol
phone {natrument ftor‘bla-firat“ actu
of st”autalde ‘the Jabo
‘Aitqun sur visions of Cota
Ara oor sed. all
it Poatmaater
ap Ll Le ‘Weatern nt
eon to. i core
wobjegt of wlilch wen,
to at. he Birt
ine moe fate:
resent: balng
to Me
aval ithe sainner| §
ee at, “Alackny of
‘alagra| able «Company,
ptaltnbert in ‘Glow. piatithe Pa iat
oe eee)
fone ‘coripes
atelck 4 DIMrph
wife M
det OW et Se 8s
.
Mh a ry. a
ieWyORK a
Nh 0. ve a
Ho es
NEWYORK Ty"
(oe
wean
made by
age th one ‘ofthe wise
rath: dogs ef treasury” ‘sho. dit
oie ‘People's : money
‘expend’ Site-hale : of
lPrestgating, ithe
Hom...‘
Whe en working a n teloe
A jae was din. |:
o ge ig =<
“speoch' *. carrying,
‘wire’ thogo;! yyho)
‘e mploy.e a "Mt
veeted each oth-
, with the awk.
Ward’ ‘phrase,'s“Are-: you’ there?” One |
lay: Edlsonhad. occasion ‘tolstep to a}:
elephone* instrument’. for -his ‘first’ ac.
1 suse" of ‘tt! outside; the laboratory,
ln" reply:to:hia own ‘ring’ tho’ algnal
ain! back*from| the other Ine be call-
yediouté Hello}! and’In a marvolously }!
‘(brief time. the new word’ had ‘been ac |:
! eopted” all’ over-tha. elvilized world, At
Y eubmarine * boat
dup -their Howes
Tithe ‘purse of a
i, jl wlralegs ; ‘telegraph
Lol Vit! aes of the
rward, y ‘tNow
Nur of" ‘Wilkesbarre,
Areldss!? telegraph . system
wis Snes iaro, lnughing at;-but:
aie fi {nai provement \ Yon:
natead!
eneral P, V,:De Graw,
Western “Unlon telegrapher
é' ona of elght men picked
by! Mr. Edlaon’ to. help him in certain
experiments, tho Ubject-of which was, |
in. telegraphic parlance, “to get the
bugs, ‘out ‘of, the wires," told how ho |,
attended Mr,: Edison's’ first experiment |:
jpubile with the just invented phono- || f
‘oof those present belng Sam *
y Cox ‘tho'late Senator Beck, As tho ,
-Anatrumont ‘reeled off a popular tune |
‘ISenator* Beck was heard to lean over i
d{to"Cox and ask Lim what°ho’ thought, »,
;, Aud the latter was heard to reply:'
ht ‘Oh, begorra, man, he's throwin’ his
i ‘ yolce, ‘the fellow deh
urease ‘pont ry
in ‘perfeatiri Thhy!: “dnvention ran Cf
rinwongtrated ite futility,” ye RLS,
Old poets yWwhile dr
fdayi \droaming ; C0 rate that’ i
had” “al miiqic: Wt eu
Justed® its. ‘tones! retiehed t
The, dew ia! Purely! poctleal,
‘Mugs *Inveution AUmost. bel
Py ‘the. “doraain. of thie: pructieah
SAE any, ‘rate, it Juight be well. tb dee
ithe: soul Properly! ‘Adjusted, j
ae
i
t
'
f
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
the
is Subedcgp
=<
eb
A long, high walled room, panoled and
wainsoolod with Mght wood; green hang-
Inga at occasional nicoves, many windows,
tholight from which is {ompored to nmotlow
atnosphore, comfortable chairs freo from
tho Intrusion of othor visitor, portraits
of celebrated men, tho mont eonrplouous
onnof Prosident Roosovelt with Hinmenaedns,
smilu;a statuoholding aloftan ineandeseant,
bulb {a Nou of torch, long, low bookshelves
filled with many rclontitic volumes,
hugo clock which stares from tho opposite
wall.’ That ls tho reception room of 'Thomaa
Edleon, :
Perhapa it is because many of tho volumes
on the bookshelves are upalde down, or
“because tho eloatric cloak marks fivo mine
utes past 0 whon ft ia really it, (hat tho
‘Visitors are consctous of a sonny of ssronity
Which cortalnly tho namo of Edison dous
not evoke, a namo Inked with all sorta and
“hiods ‘of’ nolse mahing machtnos, nervo
racking oxporimonts,
> Will the Wizard surprise ta like manner?
‘Almont a8 soon ag the queation js: formod ‘
_ the door has opened to admitsomo one, who
advanods leisurely, as a viotim miybt ad-
Yanoo to tho olectric chairof his own making.
- Ho has not beon announced, and the
« ploture memory fs notorlously weal, but
Jhla clothes botray him. No ono but a
genlus would duro to flaunt such i{ndif-
feronos, ‘and if a faco could bo callod com-=
* fortablo to match tho olothos, thon that
y.Word imight deseribo Edison's, Ita ox-
“pression is one of. kindlincss and power,
the eyes aro tho gray bluo of tho ex-
“iplorer, in tho desert, whothor of: sand
“or scloticg, thore aro niany wrinkles about
them, “wriuklos. which denote humor,
j humanity and berouloan offort, tho fen-
tures. largo; and atrong, tho hair. sparse
end: white, gradually recoding boforoe
the’domo of thought. ‘Tho color of the
face: shows ‘tho effect of o shut in lito,
In‘his' chair’ ho sits relaxed, and,’ when
cho fs thinking,’ sooms to look within rathor
‘than to'tho outer world." A allght doafnesa
_bolpa to this appoaranos of abstraction,
"I am working at prosont on tho motor
battory for automobiles. My kdon is to
make it possiblo for a tonneau car for four
‘Persona ‘tego without rocharging for a
hundred miloa, We can do that now with
hoavy’'truoks, but the motor is too heavy
‘for tho auto-for ‘traveling, Tho praotical
Umit at presont fs fifty miles for Who ton-
‘new
" “And you will Umit tho distance for tho
porfected auto of tho future to a hundred
milos?” a + F _ abies
\_“Thoro is ‘no Imit to anything In this’
ee ld oul dL.not_vantanstoeav_thatl.
Rape Te ease as eee : , - *
: i” ED I S O N 9 |
"THE PEACEFUL ‘
HURRY AND HUSTLE
MODERN LIFE, SAYS THE INVENTOR
nme
[PHOTOCOPY]
CHR SUN, SUNDAY,TMAY 14, 1
“Now York! itis tho apitomo of the horror
of thoage. Ihato it. I loathe its artifical
way of living, Ita mannorisms, its ways of
thought, Jt has but tho ono redeoming
feature, that it Is gotting so -mpoasihle
that peopl must tonvo it or becomo crazy.
“A man in Now Yorle gots down to his of-
“You take tho caso of locomotives; they
appear aliko, they have tho samo measitros
imonta, to all intents and purposns thoy are
alike and yot ono of tho two will bo far
bettor than tho other, and no ono can toll
why.
“In working on tho perfection of tho
THE BASIS OF
T wish you could havo scon the faces of
thoso plain clothes mon. ‘
“Yo xo haok. Very oftonI am asked what
Tam working on and how long it takes mo
to comploto an invention. Neithor of thoso
quostions is an easy ono to answer, ‘To-day
Lam atill at work on things which 1 com-
inonced Atwen years ago and uro BLill une
comploted. Some of theso are on the niarket,
and Cam making hnprovementa, somo of,
them the public know nothing about.”
am
Tho Wizard shook hla hoad with tt
detormined . motion and un ainfably
amilo. “No. I cannot tel you, for this
reason. I aim not a selontist mercly, my
Inventions aro Itmited to tho commorelally
Usoful ‘and industrial,’ An invention of
this olass, until [t fs absolutely practical auc
capable of being sold, ja not a success, If
I woro puroly'a solentlyt, I could announco
inventions boforohand, a4 soon oa they liad
reached a certain stage,
“T havo beon working away four years on
this motor’ battery, I’ worked atoadlly
for eight years on’ tho Incandcucent Jight,
aud I have worked thirty-flvo years on tho
phonograph. *
“A great deat of my tlmo at present fa
direoted toward tho porfeotion “of tho
Phonograph, Iwantto improve the quality
of tone. A’ vory littlo alteration makes
& groat differonco in quality, and exporl~
ments ero correspondingly diMoutt. ‘You
can’t toll’ why ao Stradivarius violln is
phonograph I discovered inoldentally ao
strange thing—tho reason practically why
tho popular air so soon dios out and cannot
bo revived jn publlo favor. 1 got out a
nico waltz; ono that I like oxcecdlagly
myself, and sald; ‘Now wo will uso, that
waltz, for recording.’ You sco, Jn ordor
to got the finest shades of alteration it is
fico at 9, works until 12 or 1, goea out, takes
® couple of cooktails, onte a hearty lunch-
con hurriedly, yoos back to his dosk and
works until Gor, hurries up town, atopping
off for one or two more drinks, | goes out:
somowhoro, cata an enormous dinnor, goes
to tho theater and thon suppor afterward,
and finally tumblos into bed. It sa that
type of man who often saya to mo, ‘I don't
sco how you aland the strain of working
tho way you do day aftor day and night
aftor night In the laboratory. “Worl?
Why, my work ta play compared with hia,
‘and yot Tam hore on an averago froma
in tho morning until Jo at night, but I an
shut out from tho world, tho work is Intor=
esting, thoro fa nono of tho torrible, strain
that comes to the man in tho clty. te
“It in imagination that makes tho poot;
it is imagination that makes the inventor,
for the droam precodea the work, the reault,
tho offort, Just as the writer thinks of his’
plot and makes his charactora worl it ott,
80 tho Snvontor labors toward somothing
which Is alroady perfect in hia mind, Any
man can bocomo an inventor {f he has im-
agination and portinacity; an inventor is
simply a. bulldog with a poatic attachmont,
that is atl, :
“Tho longost timo I over worked con-
tinuously wan five days and five oighta
without aleop. That was during somo of
tho lghting oxporiments. Onco I worked
four daya and four nighta—that was just
bofore tho opening of tho Pearl atreot stn-
aman doh been Teel eam leveereenent by on hoon. rine
[PHOTOCOPY]
rere
Renoterics
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
a esa odie Wei eae ie al ete
Edison,
Yorhaps It is Lecaugy many of the volumes
on the bookshelves sro upside down, or
bocauso tho oloctrio oloalt marks five min-
utos past 0 whon [t ia really 11, that the
‘visitors ore conscious of a senso of serenity
_ which oertalnly the namo of Elson doua
not eyoko, a nanio Nnked with all sorta and
Tkinda ‘of nolss mahing machines, nervo
tacking exporimonts,
_ Will the Wizard surpriso (n Hike mannor?
j-Abnost og soon as the question is formed |
tho door has opened to admitsomeone, who
_ advanods loiaurely, as a viollm might ad-
* vanoo to tho olectric chalrof hisown making.
s"Ho has not bean announoad, and tho
- ploture memory fa notorlously weak, but
his olothes botray him. No ono but a
“genttia would dare to flaunt such indif-
ferenoe,'and [fa face could bo called com-
' fortabla to mantel: the clothes, thon that
Word might desorlbo Edison's, Its ox-
‘eprosaton is one of.kindilness and power,
.the oyes aro tho gray blue of tho ox-
‘iplorer, {n the dosert, whothor of sand
“oraclation, there aro many wrinkles about
;'them, “wrluldos. which denoto humor,
jbumanity ond beroulean offert, tho fea-
. tures. largo; and strong, tho halr spareo
“and: white, gradually receding hoforo
the'dome of thought. Tho ooler of the
».faoe shows tho offeot of a shut in life,
In: his chair ho sita relaxed, and, when
tho fs thinking, seoms to look within rathor
‘than tothe outer world.-: A elight doafness
“helps to this appoaranos of abstractlon,
1° *Y am working at progout on tho motor
battery for automobilos. My idoa ia to
- make it possible for a tonneau car for four
“persons ‘to'go without rocharging for a
, hundred milos, Wocan do that now with
heavy’ trucks, but the motor 1s too heavy
‘for tho auto-for travoling. Tho practical
Umit at presont fs fifty miles for the ton-
‘nea | ;
* “And you will Umit tho distance for tho
.porfected auto of tho future to a hundred
milos?”: *- E :
" “Thore is'no imit to anything in this’
world. I would not venture to say that
,tho' automobile of thé futuro inight not go
any distance. This is morely tho noxt atop.
“Do I ride much in them myself? A
great deni, partly for pleasuro and partly
for oxporimontal purposes. ‘I have elght,
;one!with tonneau forfour with a limit of
‘fifty milos, tho smaller onos with a sovonty-.
fs talla Umit? depending on tho makes. T
“havo gasolluo and stomn motors also, which
, 1 use to note oxporl:nonts, for thoao are tho
+onoa I must beat, and will.
auto {5 the auto of tho futuro; {6 Is, bound
“to bo, for It Is the surest und tho almploat.
Thoro {4 nothing to an oloctrio auto but a
couplo of chains and a motor; It Is really
the idea} machine if wo can only got the
motor down light onough.”
.. The corners of tho Wizard's oycs wrinkle,
and with a chucido ho changes tho conversa-
tion from tho sclontifio into tho personal,
“Laat Sunday I waa near Plalntiold with
one of my now motors, having a fino time
,8peeding along, when suddonly, about a
quartor of a milo ahead of mo, I anw a man
in‘a machlao riso up, wave his hands fran-
‘tically and yoll, “Look out for tho police!"
Bo, of counso, I slowed down. ‘Tho joke of
it fathat the Plainfield polico, after erecting
e slgn to warm motor cara to keep within
tho speed Jinit, had fixed a stop watoh to
tho sign, and Uhon, by a series of telophones
placed evory quarter of a inilo, had devised
a systom by which, aa soon as a car pasked
tho sign, the watch inarked tho thno, whlol
was telophoned ahond to tho noxt quarter,
and 60 on, 80 that it was very casy to find
out the oxact spead.
“Thon thoy atatlonod thomsclves along
tho route tn plain clothos, waiting to grab
tho unwary, but the unwary caught on and
simply yolled to eavh othor, and tho word
wont. back along a lino of a hundrod
Autos, which slowod down to n funeral paco,
Tho eleotrio.
mah Ti abi a oe ai RM i ial
determined . motion and oan atnlablo
smile, “No. F cannot tell you, for this
reason. I am not a solentist merely, my
inventions are Mmited to the commercially
usoful ‘and industrial. An invention of
this class, until it is absolutely practical and
capable of being sold, ia not a sucecas. If
I ware puroly'a solentlst, I could announce
inventions boforshand, o# soon es they Ind
reached a certain stage.
“I haya boon working away four years on
this motor battery. I svorked steadily
for elglt years on tho incandoxcent light,
and I havo worked thirty-flve years on Lho
phonograph. ~
“A groat deat of my timo at present is
directed toward tho perfection of tho
phonograph. I want to improve the quality
of tone. A’ vory Ilttle alteration makes
a great difference in quality, and oxporl-
monta aro correspondingly diMoult. “You
can't toll why a Stradivarlus violin 1s
“AN INVENTOR SHOULD BE A BULLDOG WITH A POETIC ATTACHMENT."
phonograph I discovered incidontally a
strange thing—tho reason practically why
tho popular air so soon dios out and cannot
bo rovived in public favor. I got out a
nloo waltz; ono that I like excecdingly
mysolf, and noid; ‘Now wo will uso that
waltz. for recording.’ You see, in ordor
to got tho finest shades of altoration it fs
au
Iie
ie ye
ff te
THOMAS A. EDISON.
+ (Drawn from a Photograph by Pach.)
better in tone than ono ploked upat random
in-tho musio shopa, but so it fs, and whily
wo know thatin the phonograph tho sweet~
ness depends on the -dollcaoy of the dia-
phragm and thosonorousneas of the receiver,
Just how and why that is is tho question,
.A certaln diaphragm rocordor takos tho
human voleo very uicoly without any of
that vibratlng harshnosa, and another,
which is Just ko It to all scoming won't
do it all. Wo don’t know why yet, but
wo will in timo.
’
ar)
“SOME MEN: Go ALL OVER THE WORLD TO CATCH BUTTERELIES.”
cat and ovordrink,
nocesanry in oxporlinents to have alwayr
the suino pleco of musi, for tho enr gets
tralned toa wondorful dogreo of delicacy.
“Wo played that waltz ali day long. Tho
second day ib began to pall a littl. At
tho ond of tho fourth day tho mon began
to get dreadfully irritated; at the ond of tho
weok they could not stay in tho room whero
it way being played.
“I firmly beliovo that it is that quostion
of reiteration which makes it possible for
you to hear Wagner and Beethoven over
tho simplo melody, howover beautiful,
weariea aftor a while and enda in disgust
and «iste, for the music of mon like thoso
named is no complicated that it hus not the
sumo effect on tho nerve contors.” .
“Mr. Kdison," tho interviewer askod
abruptly, “do you think that all theso in+
ventions, this machinery of ono kind and
another, makes ‘tho world any happier
any better?*
Tho answer came tumbling on tho heels
of tho question: 2
“I do,not. I wish I could anawor ali
questions so oasily and so wincoroly. I
don’t know what wo are hore for und I
don't know whero wo aro going. I wish
you could tell mo. I wish I could tell you.
What does this mad rush,moan? Why is
this ago going such a headlong paco? Why
have wo replaced tho beautiful and tho
simple with the commercial and scientific?
Ono man leaves all and goes about the world
hunting: buttorilics, I don't understand
him. Would ho understand mo? 1 don’t
think so.
“There is ono thing pure. Our senses
nro too acuto fer tho life of the city; thoy
aro adapted to tho rural [ife. 1 have a
neighbor who goes Into the city ovory day
and is dreadfully worried over tho fact that
he Is growing deaf. I choor him up. I
tell him ho is in great luck; that I never
go thoro that I am not thankful for my
donfness, If tho oyesight would bo bluntedt
a Iittle so that wo would not heve so many
usoless impressions recorded in the brain
it would bo woll. Our senso of taato neds
blunting, too, and thon wo would not overe
fico at 0, works until 12 or 1, goes out, tales
n couple of cooklails, oata o hearty Junche
eon hurrledly, zoos baok to his desk and
works until § ord, hurries up town, stopping
off for ono or two moro drinks, . goes out”
aomoewheoro, eats an enormous dinner, goos
to tho theater and thon suppor afterward,
and finally tumblet into bed. It ia that
typo of ‘man who often saya to mo, ‘I don't
aco how you atand the atrain of working
tho way you do day aftor day and night
aftor night in the Inboratory. Work?
Why, my work {s play compared with hha,
and yot Iam hore of an avornga from 8
in tho morning until 10 at night, but I ain
abut out from tho world, tho work is fator-
eating, thoro ia nono of tho torrible etrain
that comes to the man in the city.
“It is imagination that.makes tho poot;
it is imagination that makes the {nventor,
‘for the droam precodon tho work, tho reault,
tho effort. Just as tho writor thinks of his’
plot and makes his charactora worl: it out,
so the Invonter labors townrd something
which Is already perfect Jn his mind. Any
man can become an Snventor If ho has im-
agloation and portlnacity; an inventor Is
almply a bulldog with x poetic attachment,
thot is all. .
“Tho longoat (Ime I over worked con-
t{nuously wan five days and flvo nights
without aleop, That was during some of
tho lighting experiments. Once I worked
four days and four nightsa~that was jJuat
bofora the opening of tho Pearl street stn-
tlon.. Wo did not know what waa golng to
happen; wo oxpocted something would
explode when wo turned on the ‘current,
Everybody said it was going to bo a failure,
Whon wo turned on tho curront, howevor,
it atarted all right, without a hitch, and ran
for oight years.
“What offoct does the loss of sleup lava?
Nono at all. T havo atwayn beon ablo to
drop down and sloop any timo, anywhoro
and feol nbsolutoly no il offecta from my
long work, I beliove that pooplo as a gon-
+} eral thing alaop too much; throo or foyr
hours aro onough Jf §t i6 good solld aloop,
not dreamlng—that isn't leap,
“Insomnia? LT havo to laugh whon pooplo
talk obout that, A man camo to mo onco—
couldn't sleop, was troubled with Insomnia,
and was torribly worrlod. I sald ‘I'l curo
you.’ I put him to work on a Moroury
pump, Iapt hin at ft, told him ho must
fnish it at a cortain imo nnd as ho couldn't
sleep thoro waa no oxouso for hie stopping,
At tho end of tho third day wo found tho
pump all broken to plooos and tho victim
of insomnin sound asleep on tho ruins,
Sleep is only an {nheritaneco; if the sun
should keop on shining people would got
ovor tho habit of sloop in timo. pO
“Do I think wirolosa tolegraphy will
beoomo porfocted? I suroly do. I think
{ho groatest sothnok it has over bad wag
tho recent marriage of Marconi, but ho
will got ovor that In timo and go on -with
hia exporimont. It is doubtful if ho will
bo ablo to ovorcomo tho interferonco of
othor messages absolutely, If ho docs
then tho cablo is doomed, but that is far in
tho futuro,
“Do I think it will ovor Lo used to com-
municato with othor planets? Now you
aro gotting out of my reach, I mit my
solontifio researches below tho apox of the
lilmalaya monntuing and let Mr. Tosla
vl, tho told of astronointeal olootrics,.
I should say, howovor, that question would
bo settlod by tho tolescoplo lena rathor than
by tho wlroless tolegraphy. :
*I boliove tho coming great commercial
{uvention,” was tho answer to tho next
question, “will ber tho produotion of eleas
tricity directly from conl withont the inter-
vention of machinery; by tho present process
wo only got 10 por cent. and tho other
99 ja thrown away.”
Mr. Edison then told a tittle of tho process
of invention. “Jt is n great lesson in tho
eternal law of dovelopmont, - My own
experience, as woll as that of other in-
ventora I havo talked to, is that if you
fot somothing for nothing you may bo
suro you are on tho wrong road. If you.
get tho result without strenuous effort,
thero fs onjy onorulo, appnrontly, to follow,
and that isto cast it asiloand begin all ovor
again, for you nro on the wrong path.”
At tho end, Mr, Edligon epoke hulf feol-
ingly, balf humorously, of tho fuct that ho
is growing old, t
“Can yon not invent something,” was
askexl, “lo koop us evor young and fair?"
Tho Wizard nodded wisely. “It may coma,
Ib may como; not in my Uino, not yet; but
why not?
“How? By tho racrifvo of antmal life.
Wy sertma that will roplyco wornout tlasuos,
With it should como, however, the mental
change, for when a man hes aeen all, has
worked and played and suffered and has
reached tho lifo limit, he ja usually ready
to go. I know my father at 04 was rocou-
ciled_ and—
“Woll, I shail bo rendy, tho
%s, too, but,”
royes grow introspoctivo, “it would bo jn-
toreat to know if fo over will bo ine
dofinitely prolonged.*
q
‘ei
thé gray-blue ‘of the“explorer ‘in thé,
desert, whether of'sand or ¢
there are m
f aclence;’
id
herculean “effort; } the “features ara
targe and stron
white,’ ‘gradual:
dome of, though
shows the effect -of & shut-in .
his chair he alts relaxed, and when he |
Is thinking -he seems to look, within |
rather than to the ‘outer. world. | A
tight. deafness helps ‘this
of abstraction, Or ted
= World No, Happier. * =A
‘When he-was asked tf he thought }!
that all these Inventions, this compll- {
tated machinery, made the world any 3!
yetter, or any happler, Mr. Edison ean-
swered: ‘I do not... I wish I could an- |
awetr all questions go easily and so |
sincerely. I don’t know what we are &
gere for, I wish I could tell you. What 1
t
1
\
t
the ‘hair sparse and
o
801
aoes this mad rush mean? Why ia
this age going at such a headlong
pace? Why have we replaced the beau-
ful and simple with the commercial
tnd the scientific? “One man leaves (
all and goes about the world hunting
butterfiles,° I don’t understand him. }
Would he ‘understand me? I do not t
think 80. : oe es
“« (here ts one thing certaln—our i
tenses are too acute for the life of the ©
ity; they mre better adapted to the (
‘ural life. I have a neighbor who goes |
nto the clty every day; he ls dreud- 1
‘ully worried over the fact that he 1s 1
rowing deaf, ‘I cheer him up by “ole
ng him that he 1s In great luck; for I-y
iever go there without belng thankful {
or my deafness, If the eyésight would
1a’ blunted ‘a. little so that we would |
ot have a0 many useless impressions
3 Devoted
ntific “Shudies, ©
ad th
H Nerdrink.’
Shad, gett
Tem
“iinythe city. f
‘It 1s imagination that makes” the
it 19 imagination,
“the fnventor,
ed'in thé brain it ‘w wel
r.sense of taste needs blunting also,
swe would not %
ing so.{mpossible that people must’ 0Y:10
e it ar become crazy. ti.
Wricheon hurriedly,
Qgak and works until,5 or.
up ‘town, ‘stopping “oft .
re drinks, eats .a-
and then tumbles into”
type of man at 0 often rary
‘T. don't see, how you ‘stand ‘the “greatest setback {ft has -ever re:
2 of working the way you do, the er test nd
‘tw one'dtter'day ‘and night after nigh
sald power; :the eyes are! the’ laboratory,’
» So the inventor labors
mething which js already perfect,
as mind. Any man can become an howev
“York. «“Horro
"Dees “it“not “seem strange to
homas Edison, the man of whirr!
ynamoes, advocate the’ almple
: ‘Nfe? 4.3
isten, then, to what he says of New
“It
ag but one ‘redeeming feature—-it.
Ne:
after-
“says ito
Work?. .. “Why,
‘ork 1g play compared to his, ‘a:
m here on an average ‘from.
ithe morning until 10 at night..;:
shit out fromthe world; the :
y, interesting; there ig ‘none of »
“terrible strain which comes to the
man then'the cable is doomed, but that is
for the dream et:
técedes the work: the result, thé ef- ‘reach::I Imit my sclentitic researches
=foft.. Just as the writer thinks of -his below the apex of the Himalaya moun
Not and makes his characters work it tains,
tora space
as “imagination «and “the:
ity Ap inventor 28 amply, ireless_telegraphy.”
‘
‘poet ; ething for Nothing.
rclal Invention 2”. Afr.
“ne production of elec-
:
Ing -
and ac
{ll -ettects .f1
“ts iy
is, anes ‘ST -belleve’ thn’
Aa a general, rule sleep to
‘hours "a
Mound ble fond, “If the restlt ‘Js obtained with-
dit strenuous effort, there 1s only one
apparently, ty follow, and that fy
et .it all aside and begin ‘over
‘for you may be sure that you
.on the wrony track." a
. ay v. ‘(Edison spoke of his, present
Ap and plans as follows:.7 “IL
vow working on the motor buttery for
mitorobiles, My Idea ts to make It
Wosslble for a tonieau car carrying four
: Heople to go one hundred miles with-
“OMt.recharging, “We can do this nuw
eWlth heavy trucic’, but the motor ts too
: ane ‘the tourlug cur, ‘Tiie prac-
ent
A asked if
thought*sthat ithe process ‘ot wireless *
telegrdphy ‘would ever be perfected, he J
tl surely do. “1 think that
‘the'pecent marrlag+ of Mar
recently espousa:t the Hon,
YAUByt he will get over
nd will go on with his ;
b ‘It's doubtful, however, y}
{e-he “will ever be able to, overcome,
ork qhsohitely’ “the “interference of other
the messagas and currents. If he does,
Tee i
steal Umit at present '4 ‘Ifiy miles.”
PeWwihl you Umit the dlatance fur the
rfected electric ear of the future at
+ ofe hundred miles?" he was. asked.
“E'There ‘ts no limit to anytaing In
«thls world,” was'the sublime unawer, “I
would'got ventu: y. Shut the aa-
“itgmoble of the ‘t might ‘not go
‘ tslance, 'This.ia tnerely the next
“Eride in the machines: myself u
ac deal, partiy for pleasure and
rtly’ for experimental purposes, I
Jn ie ‘elght; one with tonneau for four,
atitl far -in. the’ ‘future.
{Do “I think that It will ever be
hat used communicate with ‘othe: plan
‘ow you are getting cut of my
id let Mr. Tesla-have all th
Ve that, The fleld of astron~
lectrics Ia his, I should say,
that this question would be focies' ea
ae . an.
COCO RSS ng A nnn:
‘in “omlcal
@ “telescopic lens rather stirs amatler, with seventy-five-mile we know
3. : ae:
‘om /coal without the
, ideal machine, §f we can only get the
Aitinte of fifty miles, and the Jr
ke ew wee ee ee nnn
:
"He Considers the Marriage of
Marconi As a Setback to
Investigation, ..:. ....
es % “oO Pie
that in the phonograph tho
- Wwweetnegs ‘depends on the delicacy of
these are, the ones that I must and ‘difficult question, ..°A_ certain dia-
will beat. The electric auto is the car phragm recorder takes the human voice
of the future; that fs inevitable, for it nicely without any vibrating harsh-
4g the surest and simplest, There is. ness, and another, which seems to be
nothing to an electric auto but afcou- ‘exactly Itke ft, will not do at all, We
ple of chiins and a motor; it Is the do not know why yet, but we wilt in
Ime.” ety us
motor down: Usht enough. ho: ; May Prevent Old Age |
he By neni. FOr Sara pty. . = ‘Then Mr,’ Edison branched off Into a
“EsVery often I am asked what T am, musical slde-path, In workings on the
» Wor! ing an, » continued -Mr, Edison, “perfectlod of the phonograph,” ht sald,’
yand how long it takes me to complete “iT incidentally “discovered a strange
fn invention, WNelther of the Ques- -thing--the reason why the popular air
tons Js an easy one to answer, Today ‘dies out so soon, and cannot be revived
git am atill at work on things which I in public favor. -I got out a nice waltz,
-commenced fifteen vears ago and are ‘hie! y omy:
‘alll unfinished, Some of them are on one Which IT like exceedingly myself,
‘i from among the records .-and - sald:
‘the market, and I am making Improve- “yow,..we will ‘use ‘this for the ex-
\ ents; of others the .public ‘knows periments,’:;-You ‘may not understand
-hothing. “I have been working away that in:crder to :getthe finest shades
‘for‘four years on this, motor: battery. of alteration It 1s necessary in experl~
tolled for elght years. at the incan- ments always to have the sume plece
1 am’ descent light, and I have spent thirty- of music, for by hearing the sume thing
years on the phonograph, . often the ear Is trained to a wonderful
’ cannot speak of the Ideas upon degree of dellcacy, We played that
¥hich T am working, and which are waltz all day long. The second day {t¢
still unannounced, for this reason—I began to pall on us a Iittle. At the
am not a sclentist merely; my Inven- end of the fourth day: the men began
Mons are limited to the commercially to get dreadfully Irritated; at the end
useful and industrial, An Invention of of the week they could not say In the
this class, until it Is absolutely practt- oom, 1 tirmly belfeve that it is this
cal and capable of belng sold, In not question of reiteration which makes {t
a success, If I were purely a sctentist nosaible tor you to hear Beethoven and
I would announce Inventions befor Wagner over and over again tithout
hand, as soon as they had reached 4. ‘getting tired. The music of these great
Certain staye. Cie ae “! gompogers is so complicated that ‘ft
("A great deal of my tline at present. does not weary the nerve centers, while
is‘belng ‘spent upon the perfectlon of the simple melody, however tuneful, at
the’ -phonograph, ‘I want to improve’ jast Induces dlallke and disgust.” a
the quality, and experiments are cor- At the end of the conversation Mr.
respondingly difficult.” You cannot tell’ Edison spoke half :humorous'y, - halt
hy a Stradivarius violin is better In- earnestly, of that-fact that he was
one than one picked up at random growing old.’ . . ‘ ae.
he miusle shops, but 1t 1a so, While “ “Can yout not invent somathIng that
Lee vitececeascneen Wit Keep us young foreve
De ee eee ees Ret ”
He nodded meditatively. “It may
come. “Not in’ my time; not yet; but
why not? :How?:: By the sacrifice of
animal life.’ By serums which will re- .
place wornout tissues. With It should
come, however, the mental uhunge, for
when a man has geen all, nag felt all,
has worked and pluyet? and eufferad
until he has reached the Nfe Mmit, hg
(s usually ready to go. My father, at
94, was reconciled, and—well. { shall ve
ready too, But it would be interesting
to know before the end If life ever will
be indefinitely prolonged.” :
4
. oS have gasoline and steam motors ‘the diaphragm and the sonorousness of ,
Tn answer. to the question: “What In also, which { use experimentally, for ithe recelver, just how and why fs the
our -opinion ‘will ‘be the next’ epoch-
!
i
L> "Phew. = Al é
os
UGLY Re
er fe
hi
Ratt nileme moparated tho’ Edlson - Business
EPhonogtaph Inthe ‘offles af ‘Dodd &
truthers for .some’tme, and: have: given
a ale jeriat and: can consctentiousty Buy
iat it'la'an- essential of the up to date
K office, and that. no business house should
‘without .qney
“find that the dictation Ja ‘clear-and
tstinet,-and free from obsectional sounds,
eat t.i8.tho means of saving n great deni
i eltime Which Is otherwine tost in takin’
A Siata ons” I-am. now doing. tho wor
iwheroy two: Wor required ‘before we In
produced the.;: Edison Business Phono
“Imive’ actually doubled” th
i mer af jettore tenn i med thine ee t
us he Edison system, .an ink thal
fiat jhlmost bo uble to triple Ite tn a
iy ae conclusion, I will soy, that from the
ftbusiness miun's.point af viow and stenog-
Rriphera point of view, the Edlion Busl-
Mess’ Phonograph is the “right thing’ and
decided success, Yours very truly, ....
era ermet geen
=GOVERNIENT
the Hdieon
Phonograph from. a Atenogra, her’ n
int. - B wt
Pant firs point ’ “Talons to! mn ‘ton in?
{ts favor.{s that lt doos away’ with: tha:
tedious,: “monotonous. work ‘ot? takiny
shorthand ‘dictation , and. tranagelbing:
from notes : which required’ vary. cldsa;¥
‘strenuous watehing:.for,..Uhe .: qyou..and.
uauully a sido: silane fe: which As enaldorad3
very injurioun’to tho eyes. ° The sears ido:
the’ worl: in. this‘{nstance ‘and; to: m ante
prise, It’ Is ‘very “pleasant” Works Te des:
hot effect.” tha: ‘cars or hearing - tn =
1 eid took Homie » timo. to’ eonvinco’: ‘nie, tha
T would. prefer the: phones rupli for.
ing stata tons but ‘since Trinave! used’s 103
‘to. a very’ grout” extont ot about:
montha, iy Y would dislike “TmauCI to, a
pack to the old. way. in GT would:
not do vit’ for’: our!
truty,: ‘Mary d
* Clay MH. Jensen, SH RNS AS,
onsen ‘graduated from, Highland) THE ° BANKERS! LIFE. "ABBOCL a ont
fommorclal college Jan. 1, and' he .Des «Moles, Jas, Dee: 24
rning- out double: work ‘with. sty Me Ea: “‘Yioplins,
fer
19) ‘
ae for: handling ‘department rin
baavige senate’ and: ‘house. proceediaga!
Expat, reporters ’ ‘in relays : of ‘five,
Des Molnes,., Te %
minutes HOMESTI Rak ae “suy ‘fo ranacrlbehiy
tN an . can
go to ‘adjoining rooms, dletate to’ : Hopkins gigesr BAD nat the ateon tusiness a Aa tranect "
‘proven an. A-1 machine for-theswork oe
{this department, .. L-have been : ote it ant;
out’ work of Deri eentry sine ie
on Business Phonograph when
ay per phonographists * transcribe the
¥ei bed B “thts ” system.. overything
havephee ono. ot: ‘the Edlso:
AusineawaPhonographs, whion-c you", iny|-ablys more: of It. Intaig ietsent
AMeawia see neg he, Homatieat the joldampthe aia oat B
eereenety i
SOR RATY ANE BORADr tints y vam ‘Cuvee Wwinnlor.-withz any. ea
ith“thotreauttn obtained.= | dare: saysshowavers: that:
an Improvement; in overy way, in: busl- ou” marty “people” in Arey Nene
anesa' correspondences, aver taking. ae from eye strain, Is” tho Brent. a
son: in shorthand; but the great foature,.| age: for thoin. | Yours. truly,
Hoh: ap; eals.to me, fs that go .muct : D,
more work’ can be done'in a stated tims:
and iwith: loss aber than whon necestary
toJtake: dictation In shorthand and trin:
fecribo, :8AMO “on- the typowrlter. “I atm
Efi? tht sby using the: Pyrgnogranh m:
wpecd | ye ‘the t pewrlter-is naturally + :
. [Reaatono-haif more Seat SccOm Ps Sth th
| ‘e ay thin -for- | month's. experience, with’: thy i
1 Einerly, and ‘at the, same time do go with | Business” Phonograph: 2. wii. vtocad Ra
ign coving‘? Sn Sf ge4gy | rape are nen in prune ath
in: Business Phonograph, -Vory’ tru: vainving, used reteara
gee
Yoats, C1 Swas Tdtutirstprath th
N. B Slingeriand,.. ] Shangs ang tol ital
°
=
CAPITAL. INSURANCE ‘Cc
. Des Moines, Ja., ‘Nov.’
Mopars.” 3 Hopkins Bros...
@. {dea of “voice
Q id. ‘the « ;commerclal | world’
gives ;him~due: credit. for this latest,
fachievem u UAE RTT LN
RRR rofessional ‘and
f:this*elty-are,
ge)
Salt ae grenty advantages:
‘and. ! ihobe-8 of .any,‘experience! with this’
jerfected: ‘system can’t say enough’.in
ire
iy
sstethe cnr ye 85:
Lay Bploased ato, way th
ff fies Halton Bust ne in
9 anon! nd fin neve!
end mone! “bublness PUNpORee
ie find: Heto. bo a time saving .device,
usiness' house ‘where timo: 15]
xe aluabic,: that: is‘ where they cannct. ‘finds
me for. Glctation,. which is minot, nds
it fe to be tho. beat -sy tem.
pleasing ‘features ‘of hh]
atom visi that- It. doe# not annoy the:
érato! Whois - iUsing It, and in ‘ave:
pect, T find it to bo all- that could!
Edison ‘Business ‘Phot
am, -Yours.very truly,
tla Eleanor, ral
“t
1c “pleasure ‘to advise you that!
“the: last ‘fow months In which . TI,
Jen » using the Edison Business;
Phouogray TRS & huvo-found it n.great tim!
verigclt tho” dletator. fs’ purtieulnr: tol
kcalstinatly, tho: transeriber will find:
1. am now enrbled?
sothor‘duties the tlme provi-!
taking notes,” thus faciiital
> Work “greatly... s
i canbe of ugsiatance to you In ofter=4
tt ry suggestions: to ‘prospective: har BOTS i
ip! aye t arty, to~ sega: on.
Es r
a as one Bros. ean,
‘present
"rownsend,’ rrivatey ee
Li: B., Wilson, secrétary of the;
Des: . Moines ‘committee, com
syatem ' as follows:
Minne: Truay
OF. AMERICAN
MEN.
as. Moines, ee May. 16, “01
Hopkins, "Des Des .Mo} 4
somo. time: and amides:
T- find ¢ that it. "arent
Sworks..: Thére «is noth’ ork!
fe tiresoms,: ‘ about" office worl:
B alt <for>hours..taking - sictation: |
i latly ‘It erat ‘dictation’: ; goes’: ral thet
ete The “phonograph, does, away. wi |
js {tedious} work’ and <saves! allfthe:
that ‘the: stenographer. consumes ‘In,
7 dicta: x8 cetmnin: is<alsoftes
9-710 shorthand * niet
a * I find ,thesphonogtaph:
very: -conveniont and. plonsant; sand
Gialt
anos,
thers
PAE fa ga a
sreeattities Crnonmepn
pals ttimatsa ver 50, R
and :th ttaneoriber
Hy Stator shave! used the
Honograph, «in jutasnecensity:,
shave: upsto, dato, a rouses4 Ri
Huyth thor mnson,
be eZ
-—
"Boston, Mass, ~ Advertiser
MUL Bd gay |
ee ee ee
TS. CRONE |
ng “hari,
that it will cause ft-to
‘become: more acute, just us the congtant!
‘exerclalng. of, - any --partioular. , myscla
‘causes ‘development of; the samo. - -”.
i When the. dictator haw followed: oxas
dy tho directions giyen him fin the. bool,
‘of instructions, ‘tha .speed at which Athe!
HORS COMPLAIN: -
TE MU PMR etctaee Sate oh |
by au Ne ‘stenographer, You: ee ny ra
Tospecutully. nee “Ollre So aoNe: is OF IT AS. NUIS.
: fe se
Pe
HAMBERLAIN MEDICINE: Coste:
Den‘ Moines, Ia., ‘Dac. 213;¢ Dae
[yetkine Bros., *
G
¥
At ,
HAS:
eery7 4 i Neer est;
patients areraay
HCY RAvort anne =” prterte
See Mente Ais Secor ts
i poh” . t
i nroh'y. Was Soresghed.Ou Fs
4 Suuriso. Until Loup After Sunsot. .
C™ tho! muse on Pertiand nt. whieh done;
' people call nolse wits put it stop: ta, by%y
;sudge Parmenter fy the municipal court;
“Usfore.whom Max Kateia dealer in eran
fontoncs, wre tried on-compli TTT
}man: Mutcolm Blue, acting ln: behalf sof |
MaToss me in Portland st. near Waste}
dugton st. +n sige eee
Judgo.Parmenter found Kutz guilty ‘of:
~ White’ the: dictation ts° being maintaining a nuisance, but sald he would:
on| to’ the :machine. 1 am free. ta: at- ‘not: impose suntence until Dec, 19. ogee
gdh ‘other office duties and: am {phone operates to muzzla Katz's grapho-
dF te
patented tto- stop my. work to lke phono until that time unless he wisheg to,
jist er while the, mutter ts fresh In combat-a contempt of court charge. «
y
entlemen: =o" ie RSS
Having. used:the Buslness Phonograph
‘can, highly: réeconimend it to: those.who
Shavesmuch ‘correanondence, and:.especials
ily. ‘to those who nre Interrupted frequents
fly, while -dictatingwasti. $=
ccaabiah the, etepopripion to. transeriD
Sonal ie. her: to. transcribe
Bt 7 exaaply7 oe dictted: TG:
fers 7 e Ta)
dnleethallyses Satu tener Vie Muntedless
ts ants o-muol:.
foulddlalikecyery.::m'
ghorthnand again; - 4
honograph. Is certainly a time
with it
+10 rer
a
urn 2to:
ab. did sp. often peroetore feBlue testified that Katz's graphophono:
4 pYory <mu ufrald, before using. KF luo testific: 4
ee honseraph, ‘that ‘the’ tubes: In: my. fiwas’ played continuousty in front ot his
aemight-in some way Impair:my hear’ pstore from 8 a.tn, until far in tho eventing,
the fmmensa horn used in accentuating tha
Fornt: least, .cauge ‘discomfort; but:1
Hien: thin td greatly, mistatsen, 1s, 1
ow shave: bec io necustomed to them;
ntl: never glvo them, n. thouglt; . and
Hevepving. to the eyes cannot be over
patinated..- It: is really o-pleagure to: tuke
igtation; from .the, machine, The monoto
ua tnsi
0!
‘sound, boing at the street door and polnted :
“The volume of sound is simply awful,”
Mic said, “and the whole neighborhood is up
'inarms. Katz opened up about four weeks
cof. taking: shorthand snotes: in ogo and sinco then the nelghborhodd has
maya ”
ezaway” with? “and there «1s now ino} ‘been going into nervous prostration.’
se ML en aa
! an rou sere: eat 2 s+ “It fs tho worst thing that over beiched
Rat akc out nolae,” sald Charles D.° MeKey, in
«business at 12 Portiand st. “It brings,
furthermore, an obstructive crowd. My
nerves are on edge.‘ ‘The sound from that
infernal machino is netther sweet or soath~"
ving -or otherwise.
yc“It annoys me dreadfully, Tt irritates me.
“There is no Ict-up to it.
i “And it has not music. Music in fact fs
imurdered. Thero aro no words In the Eng-
‘Meh Janguage to describe its horribio cf.
fects: It is not vocal; it 1s not Instru-
ahental. It js in fuct all kinds of nolse—a
‘noise of the most dreadful kiud.”,
& fevou aro n nervous man," interpolated
dawyer Colby for the defence.
‘ cunnot help belng nervous after Iaten-
Rosbntela," th Susiness at 14 Port.
7 bees eas at 14 ay
nd einai eee prone made"
- NOlge. all di: ng.
with my \bustnes: ¥ long.
F tho machine") > hve,
ory garage. The lessora recently leased:
tty through the same brokers. The.Gross
ross Co, ‘has leased for a client to Lamby* Brod.’ ito that machine," retorted McKey. iS Nay
yee fv ay - So t "I live in Brooklino‘and Inn sorry to fRatz. "T have abird ang ect Word tor,
lsorafin th wily; some torturo mankind with them there, testified, “and tho gra, ih dog. stare! ho!
yjteoht7 B hit thoro is no graphophone as bad ag-ull! grave and: my; birds sing anne draws.a!
that. there. » WAT got lots of advertisement ns Bate
Why. T havo tried to keep it out-hy at staphophone,”* wsement. I Jove:
felbsing the doors und the ventilators, bu Benjamin A.- Watehell,: 2 “pérttang 1.4
pyau caftnot do it. -
FE “The teams on the atreet mnko a noise,
rbilt-ft docs not compare with tho grapho-
Piiones, - And tho ‘L's’ noise Js grand opera
pedmpared with tt... : ee
spoke a good 2
ire - word f
fTpenly- heard it-event
ctiitod it,talth
Si“E went, to. seo this man: two or: three
‘times. to ‘hava him. stop it, but ho onty ;
moved it nearer the door." |
CPG abihane Vieoteate oy. tres neta nested
ford with a 2l4 per CEN Uilu wesenen
with a ‘1 1 per cent. Lax.
lately" been a nyatery
T -Now it'is known to
. have’ been.the unpatented - invention of
.the Inventor ofthe, telephone, At the
recent ‘dinner, af ‘tho Magnetic club, of
1 Wow: /¥OrK, *Presltent': Fish, ‘of. tha-
i American Telephone nd. Tolegraph |.
“Go ‘declared ~ that! Thomas —l.Tadisan_
was ‘the: first’ “Man (on earth to use tne
: word “hollo’as ‘a. enli and answer in
Siieet zfglephone Sconversition.. Before |}
we " “ttaizon Was, verhéatd using this‘e@fnal |
3 Umeststial” greet! i oyer the wire was |:
AX you there?” ,
[PHOTOCOPY]
(MACHINES SHOW! MANY
: UNEXPECTED DEFECTS.
eas BF soc “ES
{Professors of Voice Culture Use,
ry ecords of Puplls’ Efforts?’
~ in Their Rooms. .
r.. Wangermann, who has been. for
;Many.yeors chief assistant to ‘Shonias
: ® Hdlgon-at his phonograph factory in
‘Orange, ‘and who Ja. htmaalt a culti-
‘vated musician and vocal instructor, Is
roaponsible for the statement that no
‘Vocalist has ever heard himself or her-
cBelf ‘sing. That Is to say, they have
{never heard ‘themselves sing as others
wave heard’them, Of course, they re-
‘eelye, 2 mental impression, which, to
jtielr: senso of hearing, 1s more or leas
sequivalent, but it is not the genuine
«product of atmospheric sound waves
Striking upon the drums of. the. cars, as
de the caso when listening ;to- another.
singer. In other words, tho tones which
flow from the throat of 4 vocallat’ are
“Welghed, measured and absorbed by: tne
brain and the nerves connecting it with
the.vocat chords without any.efort on
athe part of the eurs, An ulmost en-
surely, deat person, to whom the singing
Pr speaking of others might almost pasa
‘for.uumb show, can hear himself spenk
:or-sing quite distinctly. This Js re-
Rarded a8 proof of the hat the theory,
faNence It ls argued that the Impres-
yalona: of hig or ‘her own slinging
"sorbed -by vocalists are often erroucous.
It-is:impossibie that they should realize
he exit elfect their tones and nieth-
18 prodyce upon actual hearers In their
a . Many minute jmporfections
aire overlooked, and the singer docs not
idistinguish between the yarlous quall+
fes- of ‘tones so widely. as. docs. the
eurer. * at
Valuqhle Mustenl Adjunct. |
t > .
2 It is ‘for roasons such as theso that
fthesphonograph ‘has recently heen very.
plargely employed) by many eminent
Vvonal' instructors both here and in Bus
trope: {Tits eprious innovation Is largely.
pdueste Dr, Yangermann who. was, ass;
sodinted with Edison in, tha: conception’
and invention of the jphonograph. dod
fwho-vhits Inbored for years to - ring As
to-Its presant state of perfection an its:
4 in Raaey ea oh
Patan sll- nowt tetichors -of singing!
Naved[n thelr class-roons complete an}
pats, ov), fae ae reproduction
for taking “a
LO n DAE cR tude ER ky oT 4
ebalon ‘tnete’cinging. convoys’ toca,
sthedrs oye /t0 san
lenntijeodsnctoncsc muses naAMrs|
it he vavstem fs “for a pup! “to slng “a
com thon: with ali. the. care and pore
;fectlon-of .whloh. ha.ts-capable into ‘a
iphonogriphic receiver, and from.: the
[xecord “thus made, hoating it again and}
again -roproducad, he may study - Ite,
most: minnto. imporfections and qtrive
to ‘correct. them. ae,
_,Here and thore the student may “nos.
tlae faulty: phrasing, a wrong manages
ent of the breath, imperfect articuin~
ton. or an Impurity of Intenation
which, with practice, may be auvoiden.
Lt:la- this that the phonseraph hag bee
came an ald to tho -artieti: cultivation
of the voice and an Incsntive to proper
methods in the art of singing. eas
Makes Small Defects Apparent.
Ity4s oven .clnimed that the phono-
sSreph practically places the singing
yolee, og It were, under tho Influence
ota tonal microscope, hy showing up
in. slightly exaggerated form all Inpaca
from .yocal purity and making minot
errors stand out conspicuously.
All familar with ordinary phonographic
records of songs anid singers have. ob-
served qurious and often comical break
or Irreguiariths in the quality of. the
reproduced valce, and these. aro usual
regarded as {mperfections in the record,
Of. course, to a large extent, this may
@ tric, but te js not alwava the phonos
gtaph that la at fault. A large percont-
ngo of these Imperfections are merely
accentuated reproductions of the ging
ors fautty methola, Thie has been
proved by having the samo singer make
hree separate records of a sang he: has
learned by repeated usage to sing in
atercotyped riyln Ench record will
show the same faults and imperfections.
-‘Th' additlon to enabling ttudents to
correct thelr methods by having ‘a ‘rea-
ord of thelr errors continually before
them, the phonograph has another prac.
tioa} use In vocal schnola, Few of the
world's greatest vocallsts have con-
Bented to submit tholr efforts for per-
mont record and run. the-riak of thelr
ibting farmed out In penny amusement
palnces. . Rut many recognized operat!s
experts have sung into Lhe phonograpi,
and. these records are remarkably vali
able to students.
They are of great acalstance in study:
Inga scene or & vart, containing ar
they do many varlations from the print:
ed;score. such ms endenzas and all sorts
of vocal Mberties taken hy reccsnined
artists, which it; is dificuit. for.therurs
dtnary “amateur to observe ands} ¥ar-
monizencas sar
“Al
iD DEATH
Wee See : a
7A Theodore. Wangerman,
expert” of the. Edison jonograph' - Co!
at Orange, «was mortally.'hy
aSBAth
——
-b—-- oa es acetates id
jects i
ley ce
tnusidern aM ewbich
siictental worn yenoulan
at fielswill iiod that jwonde
‘oxlais infunsispected ‘co! pan
Pater py Bans
is Zpresent 23 Hernia ‘pnatural
Becks
cathe
Suen oa
be pe £4
Eawas, anieres
anada thé Huo
sethavd?, oe
ak! of his_3
Sd BO Ee Ben ad od
dium iis very milar
power,to pass, through, various t a
effects are apparently aw injurious to investigators:
This {a particularly true of the X-rays. Wife 4s"
unwilling to bave me experiment ‘with :them,eny ~
more. One of my eyes wus drawn’ out of focus, And?
my ‘stomach ,was more or less affected, .s0 that’
was seriously .inconventonced. (Jn ~ my ~ Inboratory:
work, Besides this, 1m; nesistant died about a year.
ago froro the offects of thelr banéful influénte: and.
now his brother,’ another ‘assistant, yis 7 sullering *
from’a' red discoloration ‘of the flesh “@n-his' breast,
and‘arms, although he has’ not been :makin ny’;
X-ray experiments for a“ year. > Btrango “thal
injury.from their influence should manitest j
months after laboratory investigatlo
Sth:
shunte
d
con
<1)
an
euitafke ed.
eet
Byond 3.708 |
to the football playera to
many donattons, ~
ca
pois Tecalvi
‘Thomas A.
¥"become, as ‘chea:
wonder when
pf ae Has r
ean bepanain
i = oer
a sews eee
»| Oranire, “Ne dJsdiaun's hor
[RECALLS* OTHER “+ CASES
‘from his own knowledge thotr credulity In
[PHOTOCOPY]
Sig
zs
a1
Interelt? 2, do not wuuw were
atltiots camo to originale, It would prabue
bly he Impossible to traco its history accu-
tO ‘ioe
si
ISON STAR | jays
4 ‘ ‘eis getting to be time now for. more
BATA ptorled about signala from Mara to appear,
di because overy two years, about this scn-
f i! non, Mars is in a position for especluly
favorable study. A prominant woman told
r “D 1 R ma that Tesla, the electrician, hud declares
Gy to her, in the most’ positive .
ec nee eport ho had received signals from the planet.
4 7 dat for soigg, reason he hans not made
of Manufactured . Wier is One Ienown, the Mhoaning of them,” sald the
of the Usual Astronomical Yarns.
edt
issued
Professor, “A close observer might have
dolected) a good-sized twinkle in lis cye#
as he niule these latter remarks,
'A native of Now Jersey also, elatined to
have had signs, as did an Iinglishman,
und the latter always received thent In se
rles of three Mashes at a tima. 1 wrote un
nnswer to the latter gentleman, In which
Hee hat tho Inbabitnnts of Murs wore
evidently good rehimen, aa it was ob-
vious they belleved In the ‘Trinity.
“Percy Lowell, of Boston, asserts that
Mara ts Inhibited, und has written a great
deal to prove that what appear to be
canwl4 could not be‘natural bodies of wae
ter, owing to the fact that thoy ure 80
regular In conformation.’ z
‘Another widely Icnown astronomer, ree
alding In this elty had this to say gbout
the “Edison Star." “Undoubtedly, suld
he, “this story Is simply a variation on
t.
huge telescs
hae .
Yor sogngaime past “Tho Bulletin” has
had matty 1 tiles concerning the oxist-
led Edison “star.” It would
seem from the genéMttrend.of lutters re-
celved that somebody had perpetrated a
hoax to the effect. that the Wizard, as
Edison $s often called, had constructed a
wonderful electric Ight resembling & star
ond had suspended it in tho sky by some
device or other, The raya of thid light
wero sald to ho so powerful that they
ered with
Pyramids of
a hundred feot
wecu that thesgiren>
reased five-falg¢ An
y of 60,000 copica was
¢ form ‘and It waa sold
poper in
of the , sto
in pamphle:
out. In less than @ month.
Richant Adams Look
a cone of the narrat
the Philadelphia Library,
inn most vivid and rea! f.
preserving a scientific form,
count is given of the vast telescope with
which the alleged discoveries wero mndo.
The Jena alone was t
damoter and welghed
pounds, having a mugn
yy Objects on tho movn's surface
thehes and upwarda were vist-
Having oxtabl!
ne at the Capa of Good Hopo
the first observations were taken on Janu.
ary 10, 1895, and showed a heautinil view
of bngattlc rock of a greenish brawn cov
towers, . resombling poppies,
Next a lunar forest with trocs [ike
but lurger and finer, was observe
then a series of magnificent vulleys, atter
which a large Inland sea. «
igantto amethysts sixty to
. In hoight. delighted the eyes
Gt the discoverers, but a short time aftor-
ward these wonders woro forgotten at the
tight. of the first limar au
ed out to he a specias o!
. Next a ynill
{lye can:ba found In
Matic atylo, white
wwonty “four feat Jn
no less than 14,82
ifying power af 43,~ | Symetric!
animal resembling a
ant
ee
goat, but with only one horn, wus seen
and also. many kinds of pigs, : ict
Wonderfully benntitul” hitls of crystal,
of u bright vermiliion color were noted,
and -then: tho first huinan belngy were dia-
covered, Vivid accounts of these are given
and they were described as about four foet
in helght and covered _ except on tho faco,
with halr which was short ond of 0 cop- -
per color, ‘Tho faces were suid to have
much more Intolligengo than those of an
ourang outang and tobe of a yellow color.
‘he mouth Was largo and covered: with
a thick beard and thelr bodies much more
than those of Any monkey’.
Wheir modsat remarkable pecullarity was
tong wings, Which thoy uxad I tho most
gracoful minnor, From then they wore
christenod Vespertillo—homo or niin—bets.
Thefr habits were sald to bo innocent and
harmless, Several rucca wore found, some
being of a much higher order than others,
Tho largest ocean in the moon was found
to be about nine hundrod miles joni. but
tivo others were of considerable sizo, Many
mountalns were observed and a largo vol-
cano In full eruption seen. Several mag-
nificent tomples of some yollow. motal:ware
inhabited by flocks of wild doves, the
bulldera or worshippers not being visible
at any time.
Thus this diverting account continued
and It can rendily bo seen why It attracted
80 Much attention at tho timo st frat up-
panresd,
The outbor was
and St is written
A long face
fished tho
QWs,
and |:
tls, which
amall buf.
could be seen for.a hundred miles from {ing one that pertodically makes ita ap-
pearance nbout the plunot Venus, which,
Edlaun was communicated with, and de- phen cugt gt tts: Bun, a} Pee rane
elared that tho report was'a fabrication, rleht. lg then nssor as
Professor ‘Docilttts of tho Univorslty of neople that sho ts o largo clectrio Nght
nnay f huni in tho aly.
Pennsylvania, one of the abdlest locnl nue { *
he most amusing and circumstantial
all hoaxes of the kimt was the famous
“Koon Hoax" which was perpetrated fifty
or more yeurs ago. It wus, a romember,
hearing pnblished In one of the Naw York
papers at great length, and undoubtedly
foolad many peoplu who toolc ft In all surle
ouUsnCHH,
“phe article relnted how wonderful din-
coveries about the moon had been mado
by Sir John Merschel at the Cape of Good
lfopa with the uld of an enormous tcle-
gcopa. “The moon. was found to, be ine
hubltated and all this was told in the most
apparently truthful manner.”
"The eclebrated Moon Hoax roferred ta by
the astronomer was, published in the Ni
York “Sun” during Auguat and Septem-
bor, 1835, and_so_great wns _the-Interest in
thoritles on astonomy, sald that he had
heard nothing of tho alleged Edison star,
but added that ho was not aurprised that
many people should belluve the report, as
such mattors was great. On being pressed
for some of his own experiences the Pro-
fessor good-naturedly related tho fotlowlng
amusing Blory:
“Venus, sald he, “during the winter ty
of great brilllancy and hangs rather low
down in the heavens, Sama enterprising
individual, elther ignorant or a practical
Joker, started the report that the planet
wow a large oleetric Itght suapended in o
balloon, This story happened to strike
many people's imaginations In Williaina-
port, whore I waa sponding the winter,
and cama to ba quite genorully belleved,
“A curious superstition that waa belioved
in for a tong time, and may. be still, ds that
“Tho Star of Bethlehem’ has appeared ut
regular Intervals about three hundrod
yonrs upnrt ever since the the It was rst
seen at the baginning of the Christian era,
Apparently inany thousands of people ha-
fioved In this atory and watched and walt-
ed for the coming of the star
th inten:
ry P
Tyree, TE.
eg] ae
Es age
~-aifeer wishAe TO,
gut:
‘it FEF, bts
| THE: YOUNG: EDISON
‘a. "malgon wasijust 17 /years
lanemanene tei hte first “electro>
mechanical... Invention; on. automatic
signaling attachment tor his telegraph
inetrument, and it’ is now. thirty-five
‘years gince he took, out hia first patent.
Bomething.of ‘his éxtraordinary- activ-
ity Is shown by. the fact that since
that time over 1000 patents have been:
issued in his name.
;
H
}
3
!
2
i
= ‘ Sin) LD ies) i
Mea. sey ‘Lidite
cere INVENTING .
As 2 Business It Requires Much Capital
‘and Many Assistauts,
Thomis-A<-Edison has very definite
Jdeas+auat inventing as a profession.
When asked to describe the personal
qualifications and the type of mind nec-
essary for an inventor, Mr. Edison said:
“The point in which I am. different
irom most inventors is that I have, be’
sides the ttsual inventor’s make-up, th
bump of practicality as a sort of -appen=
dix, the sense of the business, nioncy
value of an invention. Oh, no, I didn't
have it naturally, It was pounded into
me_by sonie pretty hard knocks. Most
inventors who have an idea never stup
to think whether their invention will
he salable when they get it: mad¢. Un-
less a man has plenty of money to throw
away, ‘he will find that making inven-
tions is about the costliest amusement he
{can find. Commercial availability is the
| first thing to consider,
“In working’ out an invention,’ the
most important quality ‘is persistence.
Nearly every man who develops a new
idea works it up to ‘a point where ‘it j
looks impossible, and then he gets dis-
‘ couraged. That’s the: place to get in-
terested. Hard work and forever stick-
ing to a thing till it’s done, are the main
things an inventor needs. .1 can't recall
a single problem in my life. of any sort,
| that I ever started on that I didn’t solve,
or prove that I couldn't solve it,
“J never let up until I had done every-
thing that F could think of, no matter
how absurd it might seem as 2 means
(5 he end I was after. Take the prob-
| i] f.the best material for phonogeaph
{ weds. We started out using wax.
‘that was too soft, Then we tried every
kind of wax that is made, and every
possible mixture of wax with hardening
tsubstances, We invented new waxes.
There - was something , objectionable
about: all of them, Then, somebody said
something about soap. - .So we tried
every -kind of soap. That worked bet-
ter, but it wasn’t what we .wanted. I
had seven men scouring India, China,
| Africa, everywhere, for new vegetable
bases. for new soaps. After five years
we, got what we wanted, and, worked
out the records that. are in use to-day.
They are made of soap—too, hard to
wash with and unlike any other in use,
but soap just the same, “Uo |.
The: second quality of an inventor is
imagination, because invention is 2 leap
of the imagination from what is known
ta-what hac never heen hefore. .
!
imuch harder for him ‘than they would
do on their own ideas, Sea
The, results of Mr. Edisén’s profes-
sional activity as an invertor are about
80 patents allowed, him by the govern-
ment? He takes out, an average of one
patent every two weeks, A present he
is working out experiments with the
chemicals used in batteries, improve-
ments on his Portland cement, improve-
ments on his storage battery, and a num-
her of ideas that are not yet far enough |;
developed ‘to be published.—French i
Sfrother; in The World's Wor's. H
Breen es S Fi
i
Faery
“The third essentiai Ls logical mind
aat sees analogies. No! not
‘aathematical. "No man of 2 mathe-
tatical habit of mind ever invented
nything that amounted to’ much. " He
asn't the imagination to do it. He
ticks too close to the rules and to the
nings he vis mathematically, sure he
nows, to create anything new. T don’t
mow, anything about mathematics;
‘an't eves do proportion, “But Tf can
tire all the good mathematicians IT need
for $15 a week.”
In the practice of his profession Mr.
Edison has to save time. There is a
pretty well developed suspicion among
his assistants that his deafness is large-
ly aruse to avoid hearing things that
he docs not care to pay any attention to, |
When Mr. Edison sat for the Proto--
graph at the front of this magazine, in
one of the poses his eyes were dropped,
looking at his hands, It was a time ex
posure, and the instant the shutter of
the camera closed with a click he looked
up and exclaimed “Over-exposed.” » His
attorney shouted to him: :
“Did you hear that click?”
“En?”
“xyqw did you know that he had fin-
jshed that exposure?”
“Oh, [ had an intwition.”
Where a man in the profession of law
or of medicine.has 2 suite of offices, Mr.
Edison's profession requires a great
building containing many laboratories.
In this building are many roonts set
apart for different kinds of experiments...
Tn one, an assistant who came to him vA,
1889 from the laboratory of the Germar
scientist, Helmholtz, works alone, al
with fis sttb-assistants, on phonograpl
improvements. _ Mr, Edison may not see
hint for two weeks at a stretch, but
when he does come he is full of enough
ideas to keep that reont busy for a
month. In another’ room is his chiei
imself an‘ inventor of proved
meri rking out’ Mr.. Edison's, ideas
on some tiew chemical compound, Across
the hall; ia room filled with batteries
cach of a difrerent composition, two men
and a boy are-taking records of how the
hatteries workszJn another room, int-
provements are ‘being worked ont for
Mr, Edison's new storage battery, There
are often ’a dozen ‘inventions under way
at once, each requiring the work of ani
expert; and through the great laboratory
Mr, Edison moves front room to room,
keeping check on the progress of each,
suggesting radical changes in the work,
alway's full of ideas, and impressing so
profoundly ‘on his men “his own mental
" euriosity, ‘and -eagerness, and energy
that ‘they, as they say themselves, work
|
re i
: ae i! me.
=}
[PHOTOCOPY]
fae : Met
‘mbnths after laboratory Investigations
ceased |'" 2 NS
{What haye you under way now? Do
you belleve," ho was asked, “that oye
shall'be able to talk around tlie world
ope of there days?" if
‘f'No," answered the wizard, ‘ ao
not look for developments in that Ine,
Ohne ‘can't articulate clearly cnough. to
bo heard thounands of miles away. Yo
récall that people predicted tha tele
Braph would, bo superseded by the tele
nhone, And-ono New. York dally tried
to do this. Buti at the end of threo
anya tho telegraph instruments came
elk, %
"Tho wonderful thing that will. bo
ore and moro developed In wireless
\ telegraphy. ‘Maroon! is all right, and
ur }js bound sooner or Inter to parfect his
a Sere, ar |iaystoni +
w ‘ti; “Ho han Just been married, and ts not
Frog ‘stworking as hurd at present as ho did
a a "ha , 3 ty fat frat. But he will come out all right,
Peston MPa oe abe ® fandiwo shall have the oceans bridged
DVD ied ee Re ¥ C wi by wirelonn telegraphy., That was a ro-
a Yanrkablo performanco the other day
When the. atenmahip Campanit was
Hever out of communication with one
sido or tho other of tho Atlantic ocean,
shows what we are coming to,
* “Cabien will not bo superseded, Runt-
ness will only bo Incrensed for both
wireless and cable companies, just as
tho telegraph and telephone supplo-
ment.each other),
“Tho Japs are’ making splendid uso
p é | | or. wireless telegraphy® in the present
f “| war with Russia. They are a wonterful
‘ . ' \ ; Mttle people. nnd are up to date In ov.
: erything. They scemed to know every
: *© |} mova of the Russian squadrons, and
i wem always ready to pounce upon
G A
then, at the opportune moment,
“T'had nv munber of the Japs an nse
JUN 2S (905
oor By ‘ ae h sistants In ny” laboratory, wands foun,
rake ™ them to be mary vorlond-
; S21 3 Tato A 4 sean fi AAU
The Famous. Electrici. Working on Many | sro thrown und clear trone eng aa
sistent.
“Don't talc to mo about tho ‘yellow
peril,’ It would be a good thing If inore
people were lito them In being enter-
rising and upto date, Clearly Russin
is no match for them. ‘The Japs never
have thelr eyes glued on tho clock to
stop work on tho minute, and are not
bothered with labor unlons, ‘They start
out to succeed, and they Invariably do
succeed. ‘They will revolutionize things
in the Orlent when the war Is over, and
will spur_on China to be more Ike the
western nations,
“Ludmire the Japs because thoy aro
up to date. Idon't belleve In war, and
ama mnan‘of peace. The only kind of
war that Interests mo Is: ono between
the great captains of Industry, In which
the one with the biggest brains wins
every time,
“The Japs, when once spence Js do-
‘Volarved, will enter: upon an Industrint
campaign, and buy all tio {mproveit
labor-saving machinery they can, ‘Thea
they will ninke things Hvely for us,
“The machine nations will lead the
world. and ects the issucs between
» other countries,” ‘
my hint do you ana by machine na-
8?" was asked, i
toNvhys: replicd the Ward, “those
that use labor-saving nery, dn
the last annlysis,, the three or four
great nations of the world will be those
that are up to date in malig and man.
ufacturing goods cheaper and better
than anyone else, and that aro more in-}
telligent) and widenwaky, Commerce
will be the great thing. after all, which
tlons will strive after.”
eceming back to wireless telegraphs
again,” the interviewer Interrupted,
“cannot the messages , be intercepted
by outsiders?"
‘eThere jy not the least danger from
that,""‘sald tho wizard in reply. “Ans
important message by cable or overland
even now is sent’ by code, and that is
what willbe dono when wireless’ mes-
sages are sent,
“When you forward a cable message
from" New York to London it gore
through the hands of four, of five on
ators, And the way, you \protect your
secret [s by using code words, he
samo thirg can bo done with wireless
mesrages, if
“eho Japs certainly understand this
game to perfection, for they seemad to
c posted of every move of the cuemy
on land or. soa, a
“Electricity is still in its Infancy, ard
you will find that the Japs will omploy
t to atlil grenter uses.”
“Did you notice In the papers that
“Prof. Thompson of Lynn, Maas, had
600,000 volts of electricity passed through
his body ‘witfiout injuring him?" Mr
Edison was asked,
"Yes," suld Mr Edison, “but that's
nothing, It's the amperes that kill, and
not tho volts."
“What about your ore-crushing ma-
chines, and‘experlinents In that line?’
Wan tho next query,
I have stopped the worl," answered
tho man ‘of actence.. “Wo found noth-
ing. butslow grado ores in Now Jersey,
and ‘they wero not profitable enough to
rontlntel ‘operations In ‘pulverizing
hem. 4 ‘
“Do lyon still work os hard as you
used to—that Is, from:16 to 18 hours a
Important Investigations, and Says Wonderful
"Things Are Near at Hand—He.Hopes for Great
Results from Wireless Telegraphy and Radium
pool
pte
fees
5 THOMAS, A. HDISON.
Thomas A, Edison hns been ‘devoting | are bound. to revolutionize certajn lines
his drys for somo thine past /in’a7keen | of commerce in the near future, day?
search for radlun. “Radium 1s very. much a x- “Yes, replled the wizard, “but that's
Hi Mean tor nothing. | Atanyciof tho Wall-st’ mon
He has oxamined thousands of’ spec- raya in ts power tg pas. through varl-
Imena of ore from mincs'und mou ss] ONS substancen, and Ith effects: are ap=
ae ntatnis pirently/ns injurious to investigntora’,
and made no end’ of experiments’ ini a| Ps,
still hunt for this mysterious substance. rayee My Wite te unvilline ontes ana
In reply to questions In regard to/-his| experiment with them any ‘more. One
quest of radium he sald: of my. eyes was drawn out of. focus,
“I have hunted for this new substance fected. 0 tint, I was ‘retlousiy. Incas
fn a thousand places, and chemically ex-| venlenced In my Inboratory/work. Bes
nimined’ no ‘end of spechnens® of ‘ore| sides ‘this, my “ossistant ‘dicd about a
from different’ mines band is, | Year ago from the effects of thelr bane-
ul ud mountains, | fal iniitences nud now Mecbrother, ane
but thus far have not succeeded In fit. othoriassistant, ds) |
ass 5 uttering from
ing Its hiding place. Mexcoloration of the flesh on ite ae
1 have, however, ‘reached soma de-| and arms, /althot he has) not heen
H conclusions oa the subject,” and} nuaking any) X-ray experitnents) fora
i Srent celanr arate dis ii conse af yorr, \
Blanco through hin’ wonderful Inbora. | > “Strange that. the Injury “from ‘tl
‘tory wherejexporlments Qro on foot thut) Ipfuence should only manitest Hsele 13
AP et eee ae, anew a eae manta 2
‘ 3
spend more timo every day than I do,
‘They, aro up by 8 o'clock, rush to get
their S\breakfast * and’ get downtown.
Then comes the whirl of excitement. In
the middle of ithe day, and/tho hurly-
burly!of high finance, futerspersad with
an occastonnt cocktall,
“They have something at night in the
way ot social engagemonta or business
scheming, and ore lucky to get to bed
by 1 or 2 in the morning.
“My Ufo is a very quiet one, and
hence it does not wear on me so. Tam
going on 69, and, you see, ought to do
somo good work yet betore Idle. Dam
still a young; man."
Mr Edlson certainty: looked the ple-
eh neilic gat theret aan! t
~ Ol sorts of labor:
utenall, sy a rato
UY fh cee ceo
[PHOTOCOPY]
oye erator
. The articte to hich’ Mr! Tesla refers 4 From data obtained in a ‘large ‘number’ "of observa-
“ lowing | Vetter “was an intervtero ‘toll ey 7 _ fons of the maxima and minima or theso" waves I
: th te imac
. Edteon, tn which, in reply to The Forté eberter's found ‘thelt iength “to vary anprox mately from
7 e ‘twenty-five to sev enty kilometres,” and th rosults
: Grater “Do vou deeve swith: Testa that, te shail
and theoretical deductions ted me to the -ggheluaton
be able to talk around ‘the ‘world. ate ‘of nae soy? that Waves of this kind may be propogntea
In sit directions, over the slobe, and thigt thoy
gated in alt, ‘directions over the Rlove, and. la they
; may be of att nore “widely aiftering ongtis, the
Marcont ts aut right, and ts bound 400; gf
Mr, Testa's” oa 48.
conducted from ‘thelr origin to the
portions of ane Elshe and had Peep th
The World of ingt Sunday, announcing in|
view that T om rong in my wireless
, Such statements, authorized or not, - are
‘lem ‘was rendered extremely difficult ee
fmmense dimensions of the planot, and consequ inety |
“anormous movement. of Sieetelnsty. ‘or fate ot Ich
@ following passage from « one ‘of my |
“Shion was filed flvo years &go"In the Unita States
” Patent Office and ts descriptive’ ‘of some resulta te
or rates which are manifestly attained 1
| Sa of electrical forces in nature, and.t
xyiseemed at fira unreallzable by
KING
“absence of theso means havo heretofore’ deci
“portant and valuablo ‘purposes, as for Indfen
Sor’ ‘tor ascertnining the rolative position ofa
a fe Polnt, or for determining tho course of a movit
‘yerded ‘by the same or Sts speed; or
my Inbors, which might havé been com- ,
Years ago, In this connection 1 shall
c the efforts of some, unwise enoush
that they can gain an advantage oy
delivery” of electrical” ener
Bs but, as shown in com
we prterees
and Ghessurements,, aotually aurpasain
of Uphining dincharges, and by mea J
progress’ ‘of ‘invention.
Recreate
as or similar to thoae due to such’ discharge:
the knowledge of ‘the phenomena discover.
and the moans at command for accomplishing thee
Tesults I am enabled not onty to carry ‘out many
Operations by the use of known instrument — het
‘Also to offer o solution for many Important =
‘lems involving the operation or control of
devices which for want of this knowledge ai.
y i my ae m the | Contury of June, 1900, and suD-
* sequen pu Hoations in a “technical Journal ‘Elee-
tricat ‘World and Engineer), I have carefully, ‘and
consclentionel: prepsred them for the jmp ding
ravolution, 2 5
T may ada that any expert,’ not a blacksmith or}:
woodchopphr In, electrical experiments’: whoso checks] °
are coverod with horn-back alligator skin, a ‘and who
-
rely impossthle, For example, by the “use ‘of,
"generator of stationary waves and:
wr oceemreses
‘Ithout my permission and ‘public adknow/edsmont, i
can easily enoiigh gird the world ith siireless ;
messages, and in gina idva ‘tomo
ind distinction, J th: theso
marvellous appils ‘of a
inowledge arfp [: va could ‘
throw this pl ‘
herover desired the correct time of an = ais
x, distance of the same with reference to a sive
odject, stich a8 o vesscl at sen, ‘tha distance Ee)
for produiging |! ; ee ing
many other usoful effects at a distance’ dopendent
- on the Intensity, wave length, direction ‘or vetoctiy |
of 1 movement, or other feature or Proponty of ais-|!
turbances of this character,”
A Bit pf Sarcasm.
“Porm me to say on this occasion, that ie thera |.
(exist, to-day, no facilities for wireless ‘telegraphia!
vend hontc communication between hie most}
‘ ‘atstant kountries, it is merely because’ a “nerleg” oth
“Imtstartunes and obstacles havo delayed aad $0
oAe my
CLEAR AROUND THE WORLD.
€
5
Fy
f
H
[PHOTOCOPY]
[From World’s Work, vol. 10 (June 1905)]
IN MR, EDISON'S CHEMICAL LARNORATORY
His chief chemist at work on an experiment
Vhotographe by/A, Radelyffe Dugmore
THE MODERN PROFESSION OF
INVENTING
THE TWO KINDS OF INVENTOR AND THEIR METHODS—HOW MR. EDISON, THE TYPE
OF THE INDEPENDENT EXPERIMENTER, GETS. HIS WONDERFUL RESULTS—THE RISE OF
“INVENTIONS DEPARTMENTS ” IN GREAT INDUSTRIES—HOW THEY CREATE NEW DEVICES
BY
FRENCH STROTHER
i [ NHE complicated machinery of modern appearance and manner, so extraordinary
business has produced two types of in his habits of life and methods of work,
inventor. One is the free-lance: moves among his complicated serics_ of
energetic and ingenious enough to create shops and experiments with such mental
marketable inventions sufficient. to maintain precision and constructive energy, yet ap-
his financial independence. ‘The other is the pearing to do so without any sense of order
“inventions department": the idea factory, or or system—a sort of volcanic intellectual
inventive brain of a great business; made up chaos—that he is the despair of all the men
of a number of unknown units—men who who try to analyze him. But he has no
have enough ingenuity and enough ideas to sentimental notions about an_ invention.
hold a salaried position as part of the creative | When an idea occurs to him his first question
organization of a manufacturing company, is, ‘If it can be done, is it worth anything?"
The best - known example of the inde- If it will not pay, he has no use for it. In-
Pendent inventor is Mr. Thomas A, Edison, venting is his business; the things he invents
This strange man, so simple in personal must be worth money,
——
[PHOTOCOPY]
* 6290 THE MODERN PROFESSION OF INVENTING
Photographed by A. Radclyffe Dugmore
MAKING EXPERIMENTS TO IMPROVE MR. EDISON'S STORAGE BATTERY.
A room in the great series that make up the inventor's workshop
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Photographed by A. Radcly fe Dugmore
AN EXAMPLE OF MR. EDISON’S EXHAUSTIVE METHOD OF EXPERIMENTING
Every one of the battery jars contains a different solution. Constant records of their action are made to show which is the best solution for
his purposes
|
[PHOTOCOPY]
MR. CHARLES P, STEINMETZ, THE CHIEF ENGINEER OF THE GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, AND HIS
aphed hy As Wentworth Sentt
LATEST INVENTION
A model of his Mercury Arc Current Rectifier
The instant he decides that the idea is
worth while, he sets in motion his extra-
ordinary method of developing it. Some
time ago, for example, he needed a chemical
mixture that should have two properties that
are rarely found together in-the same com-
pound, He -might have set a chemist to
work to figure out from the known science of
chemistry what would be most likely to fill
the requirements, and so narrow the problem
——
Pe
[PHOTOCOPY]
6292 THE MODERN PROFESSION OF INVENTING
down to one of: trying a few chemicals. “but when I finished the experiments I knew .
What he did was to take Watts’s Chemical beyond a doubt that those seven were the
Dictionary, in several ponderous volumes, only ones that could be made for that pur-
and have his assistants make every chemical pose.”
BEFORE THE INVENTIONS DEPARTMENT. WORKERS DEVELOPED THE TURBINE
‘The huge reciprocating engines that are necessary to drive a Benerator producing 1,600 h.p.
mixture in it that could even conceivably He became interested in radium. The
serve his purposes, and try every one of the scientists had described certain substances as
thousands, being those in which the presence of radium
“Out of ‘the lot,’I found about seven could be detected by sensitive photographic
compounds that worked,” said Mr. Edison, plates. Mr. Edison was not satisfied. He
ee
——
see § ie
=
[PHOTOCOPY]
7 THE MODERN PROFESSION OF INVENTING 6293
took 7,000 plates, put a sample of fifty
different substances on cach plate, and locked
them up for seven wecks in a dark room,
At the end of that time he had the plates
developed and found that practically every
one of the 350,000 specimens showed traces
of the presence of radium,
This, then, is his method—to take nothing .
for granted, to believe that anything may be
possible, and then to try everything conceiv-
able in the hope of hitting on what he needs,
To see him moving through his great labor-
atories, head bowed, hands in pockets, his face
set in an expression of intense mental preoccu-
pation, his hair carelessly combed whichever
way it may please to fall, his eyes focussed
miles away except when he flashes into some-
one else’s a look of instant understanding,
his whole appearance, except for the cyes
and the humorous yet grim mouth, is that of
a dreamer rather than of a tireless worker.
Yet this is the man who, eating practically
nothing and exercising not at all, works often
for thirty-six hours without sleep, falls un-
conscious from exhaustion on bench or desk,
and wakes to work again, sometimes for a
week without undressing; electrical with men-
tal energy; marvelous in the power of his
inventive imagination, This is the popular
idea of what an inventor is—a.man of dreams
and action in one, possessed by an idea that
harasses him until it be delivered in finished
form.
But inventors of this type form but a small
part of the real profession of inventing. The
great majority of practical inventions are
made by a group of men of whom the public
never hears. These men are members of one
of the most complicated and highly organized
of the modern professions. Every great
manufacturing concern maintains, under one
name or another, an “inventions department,”
employing men who are paid various salaries
simply to develop inventions. They are sup-
plied with every mechanical appliance to
facilitate their work; the bills are paid by the
company, and every invention they make
is assigned to the company ‘‘in consideration
of salary and one dollar.” The General
Electric Company, at Schenectady, N. Y.,
for example, employs about 800 men who
devote much of their time to developing new
ideas. It spends $2,500,000 a year in this
development work. The Westinghouse Com-
panies do the same thing; so does every
progressive manufacturing concern of any
consequence in the United States. And it is
these unknown men, grappling with the every-
day, practical problems of great manufac-
tories, who make most of the inventions of
immediate commercial value.
THOMAS A, EDISON—INDEPENDENT INVENTOR
Mr, Edison has very definite ideas about
inventing as a profession. When asked to
describe the personal qualifications and the
Photographed by A. Wentworth Scott
ONE TYPE OF THE COMPLETED TURBINE
This relatively small, machine produces 4co h.p. more than the engines
shown on the preceding page
type of mind necessary for an inventor, Mr.
Edison said:
“The point in which I am different from
most inventors is that I have, besides the
usual inventor’s make-up, the bump of practi-
cality as a sort of appendix, the sense of the
business, money value of an invention. Oh,
no, I didn’t haveit naturally. It was pounded
into me by some pretty hard knocks. -Most
inventors who have an idea never stop to
think whether their invention will be salable
when they get it made. Unless a man has
[PHOTOCOPY]
sic / ‘
‘ Vhotographed by! A, Radely fe Dugmore
MAKING RECORDS OF ONE OF MR. EDISON'S
EXPERIMENTS
plenty of money to throw away, he will find
that making inventions is about the costliest
MR. EDISON'S BEDROOM IN
Photographed by A. Wentworth Scott
AT WORK ON A DESIGN FOR AN ARC LAMP.
In the model shop of the General Electric Company
amusement he can find. Commercial avail-
ability is the first thing to.consider,
“In working out an invention, the most
important quality is persistence. Nearly
every man who develops a.new idea works it
up to a point where it looks impossible, and
Photographed Ly A; Radelyife Duginore
HIS LABORATORY
Used on rare occasions when an experiment is finished so late at night that he does not wish to d'sturb his family by going home
[PHOTOCOPY]
THE MODERN PROFESSION OF INVENTING
then he gets discouraged. That’s not the
place to get discouraged, that's the place to get
interested, Hard work and forever sticking
to a thing till it's done, are the main things
an.inventor needs. I can’t recall a single
problem in my life, of any sort, that I ever
started on that I didn’t solve, or prove that I
couldn't solve it. I never let up until I had
done everything that I could think of, no
matter how absurd it might seem as a means
to the end I was after. Take the problem
of the best material for phonograph records,
We started out using wax. ‘That was too
soft. Then we tried every kind of wax that
is made, and every possible mixture of wax
with hardening substances. We invented
new waxes, There was something objection-
able about all of them, Then somebody said
something about soap. So. we tried every
kind of soap. That worked better, but it
wasn't what we wanted. I had seven men
scouring India, China, Africa, everywhere,
for new vegetable bases for new soaps. After
five years we got what we wanted, and worked
out the records that are in use to-day. They
are made of soap—too hard to wash with and
unlike any other in use, but soap just the
same, j
“The second quality of an inventor is
imagination, because invention is a leap of
the imagination from what is known to what
has never been before. *
’ “The third essential is a logical mind that
sees analogies. No! No! not mathematical.
No man of a mathematical habit of mind ever
invented anything that amounted to much.
He hasn't the imagination to do it. He
sticks too close to the rules, and to the things
he is mathematically sure he knows, to create
anything new. I don’t know anything about
mathematics; can’t even do proportion. But
I can hire all the good mathematicians I need -
for Sts a week.” .
This last point is illustrated by an incident
that occurred in his laboratory. He needed to
know the exact capacity of a vessel of very
irregular shape. He called in two of his
mathematicians to work it out. They made
innumerable careful measurements with var-
ious finely graduated instruments, and after
an hour's work went. away with a mass of
figures to work out the capacity. As soon as
they had left, Mr. Edison filled the vessel
with water, poured the water out into a
measure, and noted how many cubie inches
‘compound, Across the
filled with batteries, each of a different com-' ~
6295
it held. Two days later the mathematicians
brought in the result of their complicated
figuring, and it tallied exactly with Mr,
Edison's five-minute measurement.
In the practice of his profession-Mr. Edison ,
has to save time. There is a pretty well
developed suspicion among his assistants
that his deafness is largely a ruse to avoid
hearing things that he does not care to pay
attention to, When Mr. Edison sat for the
photograph at the front of this magazine, in
one of the poses his eyes were dropped,
looking at his hands. It was a time exposure,
and the instant the shutter of the camera
closed with a click he looked up and ex-
claimed ‘‘Over-exposed.” His attorney shouted
to him,
“Did you hear that click?”
“Eh?” , .
“How did you know that he had finished
that exposure?”
“Oh, I had an intuition,”
To Mr, Edison, time is so valuable that he
does not waste it-even by taking account of it.
Time to him is only the chance to gét things
done: and no matter how long it takes, they
must be got done, In his office safe there is
carefully locked away a $2,700 Swiss watch,
given him by a European scientific society.
It is never used. He buys a stem-winder
costing a dollar and a‘half, breaks the chain
ring off, squirts oil under the cap of the stem,
thrusts it into his trousers pocket—and never
looks at it. When it gets too clogged with
dirt to run, he lays it on a laboratory table;
hits it with a hammer and buys another,
MR, EDISON AT WORK
Where a man in the profession of law or of
medicine has a suite of offices, Mr. Edison's
profession requires a great building containing
many laboratories. In this building are many
‘rooms set apart for different kinds of experi-
ments, In one, an assistant who came to‘him
in 1889 from the laboratory of the German
scientist, Helmholtz, works alone, or with his
sub-assistants, on phonograph improvements.
Mr. Edison may not see him for two weeks at
a stretch, but when he docs come, he is full
of enough ideas to keep that room busy for a
month, In another room is his chief chemist,
himself an inventor of proved merit, working
out Mr, Edison's ideas on some new chemical
hall, in a room
cA ER coer Sarees etene tes a.
[PHOTOCOPY]
6296 THE MODERN PROFESSION OF INVENTING
position, two men and a boy are taking records
of how the batteries work. In another room,
. improvements are being worked out for Mr.
Edison's new storage battery. There are
often a dozen inventions under way at once,
each requiring the work of an expert; and
through the great Jaboratory Mr, Edison
moves from room to room, keeping check on
the progress of cach, suggesting radical
changes in the work, always full of ideas, and
impressing so profoundly on his men his own
mental curiosity, and eagerness, and energy
that they, as they say themselves, work
much harder for him than they would on
their own ideas,
Mr. Edison's power of ‘rapid assimilation of
the meat in any point discussed is one of the
most valuable parts of his professional
equipment. An instance, chosen from many
of the kind, illustrates how it serves him,
On one occasion he started to study a part of
the mechanism of typewriters.
“Have a model here next Tuesday of every
typewriter made,” he said to one of his as-
sistants. ‘Have each company send an
expert to explain their. machine. And get
me out all the books in the library about this
piece of the mechanism.”
Monday evening the assistant called Mr.
Edison’s attention to a stack of books several
feet high, and reminded him of the appoint-
ment next day.
“Send the books up to the house. I'll
look them over to-night," said Mr, Edison.
The next morning he appeared at the
exhibition, and so thoroughly had he read
the books that he frequently corrected the
experts’ explanation of how their own
machines worked. The assistant, out of
curiosity, tried reading the references that
Mr, Edison had absorbed in one evening, and
it took all his spare hours for eleven days.
The results of Mr. Edison's professional
activity as an inventor are about 800 patents
allowed him by the Government. He takes
out an average of one patent every two weeks.
At present he is working out experiments
with the chemicals used in batteries, improve-
ments on his Portland cement, improvements
on his storage battery, and a number of ideas
that are not yet far enough developed to be
published.
‘INVENTIONS DEPARTMENTS”
The inventions departments, the modern
development of inventing, are maintained
by the great manufacturing concerns, The
National Cash Register Company, the Hoe
Printing Press Company, the United Shoe
Machinery Company, the Bell Telephone Com-
pany, and many others have each a corps of
men who have displayed the inventive faculty,
at work on salary developing the inventions
needed by the companies, In any one of
these departments new devices are being
created that will not be made public for years
‘to come, because they are not yet perfected,
The inventions by the time the public knows
them are always months, and usually years,
old.
The General Electric Company offers a
typical example of the use of the inventions
department. In an establishment employing
20,000 men, a round $2,500,000 is spent each
year in developing patentable inventions.
There are about fifty engineers at the head of
various departments, and each of them is
expected, as a part of his routine duty, to
develop such improvements as are suggested.
by the needs of his department to keep it in a
position to meet competition. Last year
1,412 ideas were carried to the management
by 300 men, as patentable inventions. Of
these 797 were found to be cither impracticable
or not new. The remaining 615 were de-
veloped by the company to such a degree of
perfection that applications for patents were
filed with the Patent Office at Washing-
ton, In round numbers, an average of
goo patents a year are taken out by the
company, every one of them for a device of
immediate commercial value. To handle the
legal end of the company’s patent business,
drawing up applications for patents, carrying
them through the Patent Office, and conduct-
ing suits for infringement, a corps of twelve
lawyers and twenty-cight assistants is main-
tained at Schenectady, besides two lawyers
at Washington and one in Europe. These
figures give some idea of the dignified propor-
tigns of the profession of inventing; for this
company is only one of scores which carry
on similar work on a greater or lesser scale.
Follow one of the 615 inventions patented last
year through all the stages of its development
and consider what an inventions department
means when that work is multiplied by 615.
HOW AN INVENTION IS MADE
Last year, the manager of one of the
departments, for example, had observed a
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——
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[PHOTOCOPY]
THE MODERN PROFESSION OF INVENTING
need for a new type of circuit breaker, which
is simply an electrical switch, made up of a
handle and three copper prongs fitting into
grooves. The objection to the prevailing
type was that when it was opened the effect
of the heavy spark was tapidly to destroy
the copper prongs. The problem was both
to reduce the size of the spark and to replace
with something less costly than copper the
part of the switch that corroded.
The solution of the problem came to the
manager, as ideas frequently come, in a
moment of unaccustomed mental stimulation,
One afternoon, he returned to Schenectady
from a trip, On the train he drank one
cup of coffee beyond his usual allowance,
with the result that when he went to bed
he could not sleep. Tossing about, he
began to think over the problem of the
circuit breaker, At eleven o'clock an idea
occurred to him and by -two in the morning
he had worked out three definite forms.
The next morning, he called in one of his
assistants, explained his third idea to him,
and told him not to report at the works
again until he had made the sketches that
would put it in shape to be explained to the
management, Two days later the assistant
brought in the sketches. The two men
discussed them. Changes, had to be made.
Two more trials were necessary before the
sketches were in shape to show to the tech-
nical director of the works. Then the inven-
tion went through these steps: a conference
with the technical director; an estimate from
the manufacturing department of the cost
of producing the new switch; a conference
with the sales department to determine at
what price the device. must be sold to be
Successful; an appropriation to cover the
development of the device (working drawings
and models); the making of an original set
of working drawings; discussion of the draw-
ings by the management and their approval;
the making of a model by the model shop;
another conference on objections from the
sales department to the form of the device;
tests of the model for practical work; the
correction of the defects shown by the model
in practice; the correction of the drawings to
correspond to the revised model; the design-
ing of models of the device in different sizes;
an appropriation for the manufacturing of the
device in lots of 100 for general sale; the
drawing up and filing of an application for a
6297
patent; the giving of instructions how- to
build it, from the engineering department to
the factory; the inventing and building of the
machinery necessary to manufacture the
device in large lots; and. a test of the first
product, ; ‘
From the manager's idea to the completion
of the first commercial sample took six
months; and from the completion of the
sample to the time when the device was being
manufactured in all sizes as a commercial
product, took two months more. ‘To perfect
the invention and carry it to the point where
the first lots were put on sale, cost the com-
pany $4,000,
It is this matter of organization that makes,
the inventions department a great institution. °
Mr. Charles P. Steinmetz, chief consulting
engineer’ of the General. Electric Company,
whose genius is more forscientific and inventive
work than for business, receives a very high
salary as the chief adviser of the company in
the practical development of inventions, His
position and his financial success are possible
only because he is an essential part of a
great business organization,
A LABORATORY OP INVENTION
In addition to developing practicable in-
ventions, the company has maintained for
five years, at an annual cost of about $75,000,
a laboratory of scientific research, in which
many experiments are carried on that can
have no commercial value for fifteen or twenty
years to come. The dozen expert chemists
who work under the direction of the chief
chemist are all purely scientific men, not
even engineers, They are not restricted in
time, and carry on investigations in the unex-
plored regions of chemistry in the same
spirit as Darwin carried on his investigations
of the origin of species. The only way in
which this laboratory can ever repay the
company for its expense is by discovering such
chemical compounds as are called for to
perfect inventions, and by making discoveries
of which practical use can be made in advance
of other concerns. From a business point: of
view, the maintenance of such a laboratory is
at best an investment in the distant future,
yet so inseparably has pure science come to be
a part of business that the company not only .
does not begrudge the Present expense, but is
constantly enlarging the scope and equipment
of the laboratory, in the belief that it will
[PHOTOCOPY]
6298 += = RUSSELL SAGE—A
ultimately pay for the original investment
‘and be, besides, a source of great business
strength,
HOW THE INVENTORS ARE RECRUITED
In the case of the General Electric Company,
the men are employed as engineers, as depart-
ment heads, or in other positions involving
routine duties; and their inventing, though it
is expected of them, is in addition to their
regular work. In many other companies,
the inventions department is recruited from
the sporadic inventors, They come from
all businesses and professions. Some resign
from the Patent Office to become inven-
tors, One is an ex-newspaperman from the
MAN OF DOLLARS
Middle West. Another was a groceryman :
in a small town in California. Another was
once known as “The Lone Fisherman of
Cape Cod."
The money return to a_ professional
inventor in an inventions department is~
usually not large, but it is likely to be sure.
The salarics paid range from the average
$2,000 up to $10,000 or $12,000 a year.
The inventions are assigned to the company
employing him, though in rare instances a
man receives a royalty in addition to his
salary:
The 30,000 patents taken out annually in
the United States come mainly from the two
‘classes of inventors described here.
RUSSELL SAGE-A MAN OF DOLLARS
TILE STORY OF A LIFE DEVOTED SOLELY ‘TO THE CHILL
SATISVACTION OF MAKING MONEY FOR ITS OWN ‘SAKE
BY
LINDSAY
of the market place. Once it was
T* figure of Russell Sage is fading out
as certain a part of the Wall Street
. picture as the flag on the Custom House, ‘as
the flying messenger boys, as the swarm of
men at the door of the Stock Exchange, in-
coming and departing. No, it was more
certain; for Russell Sage observed no holidays
except Sunday until his body broke down
under the overreaching task set by his cold,
grim hunger for innumerable dollars. But
the pale-blue cyes, though they are keener
than the eyes of most men at any age, have
not the quick and eager light which used to
flash into them in response to the news of a
bargain in prospect or achieved. The seamed
gray face has lost its power of mecting all
appeals for generosity or mercy with complete
lack of expression; irritation and contempt
show through sometimes; they are signs of
the breaking down of the sternest physical
disciplinc—for no real master of the Game,
whether it be played with pennies, between
newsboys on the curbstone, or with banks and
railroads in the markets, willingly allows his
face to register any human emotion. His
DENISON
garments hang about him in austere homely
lines, which have not changed in the memory
of any man. His appearance, his ways, his
stinginess, his great wealth have become
a part of the traditions of his country.
Every village has its skinflint. Sometimes
he lives in a hovel on the outskirts of town,
and tradition whispers that every knot hole
and chink in the timbers of the shack are
stuffed with currency; sometimes he lives in a
fine house on the hill and arrogantly displays
his wealth upon the highways in order to
hide the barren lovelessness which exists in
the place which he calls his home. He is
hated for the things he might do, but does
not; he is pitied for the things he does not .
know and never can have. His hoard re-
ceives from the community a hypocritical
and covetous consideration, which is thereby
automatically subtracted from the sum of
human good-will.
Russell Sage, for two generations, has been
the skinflint of the great Yankee nation. |
Does a drummer (the drummer is the itinerant
minstrel of this degenerate. age) invent a
tale of hardness of heart and tightness of fist
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admire tho Japs because thoy aro up to date.
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kind of war thot interests me 1s ono vetwden
eat ‘captains of Industry,’ in which tho one
the biggest brain wins every time. ‘lhe Japs
once peace ts declared will enter upon an m-
campaign and bur: all the improved tabor-
asld:
“t have hunted for nia new subs!
“Hvely tor us.
rn ‘moshino mations will lead the world ond ,
ae dhe Insuesbotwoen tho other countries.” :
“what do-you niean by machine nations?”
replied tho ‘Wizard, “those that use Inbor-
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at night al
Ee ‘Telegraphers' Association ine
tho ,Untted States Military ‘To! eer
Corps. Tt was the biggest oy a
year, except the Nopublican en Pe
tion at which Presitent Roosevelt spor
"s Birthday.
apie most Interesting feature ne
the remarkable little souvenlr that pate
given to every gucst. It was the one he
‘telegraph inatrument ever manufactur 7
a perfect reproduction, in mainintoree a
the regular instrument used In all offle _
A committeeman said it was to bo —
for a watch charm, and really it wa:
Thomas es Balson;ythe Inventor, sat
near the middle of the guests’ table. Rae
all over the room men and women Pala :
out his gray head and clean-cut free Bi Li
ing In delighted whispars: oi aus
Edwert) Before the dinner was te
over, the ‘autograph fiends made 2 my n
for him, Every woman In reach, an 2
good many who were out of.rench, scram
bled over the feet of Jong-suffering diner
innd pushed thelr programmes across ie
Y the Inventor, -
table toward President of tho
Clarence H, Mackay,
to Company and the
Commercini Cab race a oat
ostn) Telegraph Company,
Balon's right and supplied the Nie
with a fountain pon. He, too, wan “ Me
upon to sign his name dozens ot on ‘
onsthe women's programmes. Both ne
and Mr, Edison took the labor with grea i
good nature, and thelr good nature out-
“Iasted thoir finger muscles. Only when
the speechmaking began and the tou
master commanded sltene® ala the rush
raph fiends stop,
ot tetvitle % Stone, General Manager of
the Associnted Press, won tonstmastor,
‘The first toast was “he President.
‘While all the world Is ringing with his
acclaim,” sald Me, Btono, “1 need offer
no apology: for proposing for the stesk
toast the name of Theodore Roopovelt. hid
Everybody jumped, on Nes foo ene
elit ete Nana'the band played," THe
Fy a anner,” When the ap.
Hines alte, dorsi the eae
his specch. . He p th o
the news of the treaty
ore ott a hundred years BB, to
speed with which news
of the peace of Portsmouth was flashe
bas {ne dle of ‘New Orleans was fought
two weeks after the ‘Treaty ¢
Fn Mr. Stone. “This
lene stor ence was declared, Was the
chief foundation upon which tho. fare of
Andrew, Jackson, e? subsequent, Pres detit
ed. States, ,
dave" age, ta Suen a Bath
co naahed around the entire
‘am - growing 50!
Twit Taaton to Introduce ERatdo it Rob-
cft-c, Clowry. of the Wi
egraph Company." :..
905
Then: there was. more cheering. Mr.
Stone proponed a joint toast to Robert C, wy
Clowry and Clarence H. Mackay, It was
drunk to the accompaniment of wavin;
napkins and fronzied slaying of the band, ‘
“Now,” snid Mr. Stone, "T have tho
pleasure of Introducing Mr, U. N, Betholl ; “
of the New York Pelephone, Company. ee an ‘ E : Te
hilarjous’ Old ‘Timers began to ery, the | “EDISON *: ‘TRICKED’
i : ; ee
“Hello, Contrat! Hello, Central!
Mr, Bethell discussed tho remarkable
growth of the telephone systom in thy
inst few years. Incidentally he spoke of
how. 1._stage used to take ten days to go
from Boston to New York,
aon thera were more neoldonts then
than there are now on tho railroads,” ho
anld, .
“How about ‘automobiles? shouted
some one who cared. not for tha toast-
manter’s gavel, : i : ae
The diners 4cparated carly thia morning,
Outwitted Old, Man and Finally Got
_ The -qualittes of tmagination an -
ence to which Thomas eli atrbutes
| his'success as an™Inventor began to develop
bane rege ueyliond, A story of his own"
@ best evidence
ines ms lenco of the truth of the
uaed to bo a rallroad nowsbo ;
i ‘un from Huron to Cleveland,” anid Air, Eat
ypeon, . "I got very mucty interested in elec-
{triclty trom hanging“around telegraph of-
fies, where my chum and I learned how to
s‘send and take.’ We had a lot of fun with ft
.{n.the spare time wo had when we were off
ithe run, which wasn’t enough, however, to
: sult me. I wanted to stay up at nights mak-
{ng experiments with the batteries and ine
struments, but my father had tho old-fash~
foned. notion about ‘early to bed and early to
tise’ and insisted that E goto bed at 9o'clock,
Wanted to Stay Up With Father,
When Txvould come In evenin .
bunch of the day's newapapers that t hadn't
ssold my father would: start In to read them
A yand at 9 o'clock I had to go to bed, while ho
tasat..up tli 41 reading the news. I couldn't
ffe@. any reason why I should go to bed beforo
the did, but I couldn't convince him, so 1 saw
‘that somo strategy ‘was, necessary If S wero
A eo allowed ta atay up late. ee
ms see tg aia ty ad meng
geet EES BS te Out, dT itved In thio
{house nearest ours, .a short hundred yards
away, with an-apple orchard between; Wo
got & wire clothesline and strung [t on.tho
apple trees from my bedroom to his, and I
do batteries out of some Mason fruit jars:
upply the current. We connected tho
Une up to the instruments and the plot was
eady, Cea toa
Scheme Worked Well,
Tho night after overy thing’ was in shapo
T' didn’t bring any papers home; my ‘chun
ook them all to his house. When I got in:
my futher. wanted a paper. . ‘Dick's got ’em
4 soll, I said. That took him-back a bit, but
‘I dian't tet on until about bedtime, and then
'I-made ‘a suggestion, ‘Dick and I have a
itelegraph line working ‘between our rooms
jnow, Maybe I could call him up and get tho
inews by wire.’. Well, 1 did, and st- worked
ch} all right. I called up Dick and’ he sat on
dis :the: other. end of the. Iino with a paper in
front of him, sending the news, while I took
tha: many prominent. gucs rH [it-on silps:of paper, handing them’ over to.
igsweek:Is;Dhamas 4. :my father to rend as fast os each item was
Tinea {inivhed, “Thero Isat tll after 11 o'clock,
feeding: my father, the news In broken doses
jand: getting a lot of fun and telegraph prac-.
tice’ out of--1t, ‘This went on every night for.
TUL 87,1995,
oe
Thomas J. Edison in Town
Thomas J. Edison, accompanted by his
fib 1 and H, D. Ott, are
stopping at the Hotel Walton, where they
rrived lost night about 8.90 o'clock, hav-
ng’ driven from East Orange, N. J., In
Edison's automobile, Thla morning the
great inventor left the hotel early and had
hot returned at noon, The automobile’
which he came to Philadelphia in attracted |
much tttention, aa it [4 sald to have been
built by Edlson himaclf, The machine 1x"
a large red ono, and several nuto enthue.
slants who looked at it said there wero
party about It that they did not recog-
nize on any of the known mnkes of auto-,
mobiles, :
~ Broklyn,N.Y.-Cittzor
_., DELAWARE WATER
DELAWARE WAT ;
Tho.-Kittatinny proved a popular! ren®} +
vous for many of the week's arrival
Enehre parties and the semi-weekty, dancé
‘are-features of the Iittntinny,. ”
All tho vlaltors urq. interested in tho .fing;
“gondition of the bathing bench this ‘suns)
mer. It is a favorite resort for many of
tha summer guests durlng-this heated term;
“AnZenjoyable event, of, the. week wana
largely. attended eitch¥e” part |
‘the: many guesta of tho Glenw
harm) \and then’l béegan-bringing pape:
lhome’agnin and put my, extra time all
tontay-experlments, tins
“FATHER
~:Permission to'Stay Up‘ Late, -
[PHOTOCOPY]
[From World’s Work, vol. 10 (July 1905)}
AN INTIMATE STORY OF JAPANESE HOME LIFE
N incident in the life of Baron Kentaro
Kaneko, former member of the
Mikado's Cabinet, who is now in this country, '
gives an intimate insight into the relation
between Japan and the United States,
The Baron is a graduate of Harvard Uni-
versity. After he had become one of his
country’s most distinguished statesmén, the
university conferred the honorary degree of
Doctor of Laws upon him. President Eliot’
gave a dinner in honor of the Baron, after
which he said to him:
“Harvard University has conferred on you
its highest honor, We can do no more.
But I understand there is a son in your family.
+ We claim him as a future recipient of the
degree we conferred upon you. I trust he
will come to us and be a worthy successor of
his father.”
“He will come," replied the Baron,
The Baron returned to Japan and told the
Baroness Kaneko about the incident. She
told the little boy that he was to go to Harvard
and receive the degree, and the fact made a
great impression on the child. Whenever he
was naughty, the mother said, ;
“If you are not good, you will not receive
the Harvard degree.” He always became
good. -
Events moved swiftly in the Far East; the
war with Russia came. Baron Kancko,-who
had an important part in national affairs,
prepared to go-to the United States. -A
week before: he started, this conversation
“occurred:
“When do you start?’ asked the Baroness
- Kaneko.
“In a week,” replied the Baron.
Just then the little boy interposed: ‘Where
are you going, papa?”
“To the United States,” he said.
“Then I must go with you and get that ;
. Harvard degree," exclaimed the child.
The boy is now a student at the Nobles’
4 School in Tokio. Upon his graduation. he
will go to Harvard.
EDISON'S EARLY INVENTIVE GENIUS
sistence to which Mr. Thomas A.
Edison attributes ‘his success as an inventor,
began to develop in him in early boyhood.
A story of his own telling is the best evidence
of the truth of the assertion.
“T used to be a railroad newsboy on the
run from Huron to Cleveland,” said Mr.
Edison. “I got very much interested in
electricity from hanging around the telegraph
offices where my chum and IJ learned how to
‘send’ and ‘take.’ We had a lot of fun
with it in ‘the spare time we had when we
were off the run, which wasn't enough, how-
ever, to suit me. I wanted to stay up late
at nights making experiments with the bat-
teries and instruments, but my father had the
old-fashioned notion about ‘early to bed and
early to rise,’ and insisted that I go to bed at
nine o'clock. When I would come in even-
ings with a bunch of the day's newspapers
that I hadn’t sold, my father would start in
to read them, and at nine o'clock I had to go
to bed, while he sat up till eleven reading the
news. I couldn't see any reason why I
should go to bed: before he did, but I couldn't
convince him, so I saw that some strategy
was necessary if I were to be allowed to stay
up late.
“T had an idea how I could fix it, and my
chum and I carried it out. He lived in the
house nearest ours, a short hundred yards
away, with an apple orchard between. We got
a wire clothes linc and strung it on the apple
trees from my bedroom to his, and I made
batteries out of some Mason fruit jars to supply
the current. We connected the line up to the
instruments and the plot was ready.
“The night after everything was in shape,
I didn’t bring any papers home: my chum
took them all to his house. When I got
in my father wanted a paper. ‘Dick's got
‘em all,’ I said. That took him back a bit;
but I didn’t let on until about bedtime, and
then I made a suggestion. ‘Dick and I have
a telegraph line working between our rooms
Ts qualitics of imagination and _per-
i
oo Se acoso eases 2
a ne
[PHOTOCOPY]
”
LAAN
6442 AMONG THE WORLD'S WORKERS ~
now. Maybe I could calf‘him up and get the
news by wire.’ Well, I did, and it worked
all right. “I called up Dick and he sat at the
other end of the line with a Paper in front of
him, sending the news while I took it on slips
of paper, handing them over to my father to
_tead as fast as cach item was finished. There
T sat till after eleven o'clock, feeding my
father the news in broken doses, and getting.
a lot of fun and telegraph Practice out of it.
This went on every night for some time, until
my father was quite persuaded that I could
stay up late without serious harm, and then
I began bringing papers home again and put
my extra ‘time allowance on my experiments,"
THE STORY OF THE WIRE GUN
A CANNON that will throw a projectile
weighing 100 pounds a distance of
thirty miles is now being tested at the Sandy
Hook proving grounds of the United States
Army. How such a weapon resulted from
the defeat of an American team at an inter-
national rifle shooting match at Creedmoor
on Long Island, more than twenty. years ago,
is the story of the unusual ambition of Mr.
John Hamilton Brown,
At the Creedmoor mateh, in 1882, the
American team were defeated by 170 points,
greatly to their own humiliation, .and to the
elation of their British rivals, The leader of
the team was Mr. Brown. Pondering over the
defeat, he became convinced that it was due
to the inferiority of the rifle the team had
used, for he not only knew how to shoot, but
he was also familiar with the details of gun-
making. He speedily decided that at the
return match at Wimbledon, England, the
following year, the American team should be
equipped with rifles at Iéast as good as those
the Englishmen had.
He forthwith designed the Brown Military
Rifle. When the match was shot at Wimble-
don, eight out of the twelve rifles used by
the Americans were of the new type. This
time the Americans won. Both sides attri-
buted the result to the superiority of the arm
used by the American team. If no further
“result than this Success, however, had fol-
lowed Mr. Brown's pique at the Creedmoor
victory of the British team, it would hardly
be worth recalling now, after the lapse of
twenty-three years,
But from his study of small arms, it was
but a step to the investigation of heavy
ordnance; and for more than twenty years
Mr. Brown has been almost constantly at
work on-high power cannon for protecting the
Sea coast and for arming the Navy, The
result of these years of labor is the Brown wire
gun—an efficient and terrible engine of war.
The most efficient heavy guns made in
England are wire-wound. But whereas the
inner tube of the English gun is a solid
forging, the tube of the American gtin con-
sists of a number of steel sheets, cach one-
seventh of an inch thick. Around these is
wound twenty-one miles of square steel wire,
One-seventh of an inch in diameter, The
tension of this wire is so great that the inner
tube is compressed to the point where it
: cannot be overcome by the explosion of gun-
‘powder. The gun is so strong, therefore,
that it cannot be burst by any charge that
can be placed in it—although its powder
chamber is much larger than that of- any
other gun of similar calibre in existence, *
The 6-inch Brown wire gun will throw a shot
weighing 100 pounds for a distance of thirty
miles. A projectile fired from this gun will
penetrate a greater thickness of armor plate
at 4,000 yards than a projectile fired from any.
other gun at a distance of twenty feet. After
flying thirty miles, the projectile will have
enough power left to penctrate six inchés of
steel,
A‘ro-inch gun of the same type has been
designed, but has not yet been built. It is
Mr. Brown's ambition to have one constructed,
The calculations made by Col, John M,
Ingalls, U. S. A., retired, of the power of a
wire gun of this size are startling. It would
use a charge of 360 pounds of smokeless
powder, When fired with an clevation of
45 degrees, it would send a projectile weighing
600 pounds, with a velocity of 3.900' feet a
second, for a distance of more than 59 miles,
The projectile at its highest point would be
almost cighteen miles above the surface of
the earth. To reach a target 59 miles distant,
it'would describe a curved path 71 miles long.
The monster shot, as it left the muzzle, would
have an energy in its blow equal to the lifting
of sixty of the largest freight locomotives ten
feet in the air. A warship lying off the coast
at Atlantic City, if equipped with such guns,
could ‘throw projectiles into the heart of
Philadelphia, New York could be bom-
barded by a hostile fleet which would be out
of sight and out of range of the greatest guns
now at Sandy Hook. . With 12-inch or 16-inch
guns of the same construction, projectiles
weighing a ton could be hurled for a distance
of one hundred miles, and London could be
bombarded by batteries planted on the coast
of France, These are the feats that are
expected of the wire gun. :
If the wire guns of large calibre fulfil the
promise given by the 6-inch guns already
built, the costly and cumbersome armor"
plate of the modern battleship will no longer
afford protection,
ated
TTYSBURG: #4
Inventor, on Auto Tour of Sonth,!
Vinltn Famous BattloeMelds
i (Speelal to The World.) me
’ GETTYSBURG, Pa., Aug. 1—Th C7
‘Ay Edivop tn his large white touring car,
accompanied by hls son Charles, Frea-
erick Ott and John V, Milter, came to
Gettysburg to-day on a wandering tour.
through the South for recreation. MPF.”
Edison said he thought tho battle-felt:
of Gettysburg was the finest “lie” hadt
ever seen, and that the fine avennéal
compare favorably with “tae famous
French military roads, Fram here ‘be’
went to Yori, thon switched off: ad)
took the toad to Halthmoroe,from whien.
‘elty he will make a tour of the Southerh’
Stater. He told The World reprasentic¢:
tive that ho was not In a hurry and ne
was out for i Food tine ‘and was going:
to cnioy himeclf, This ts tho: frat ume
uy
tr, Edison has heen to this ‘citys
© sald he -was ' surprised ‘that.
Gottyaburg, whioh ‘of -ali- cities .is..so0
well) known, . should. .not. have. grown
more aince the war, Sage Th RN ERE
i ¢ Stirn Inventarn,
LLENTOWN, Pa.,’ Aug. 22,--Investors
ari npeoutators are making .o quist tour,
of the Lehigh Mountains, Inspecting vur-;
fous ‘propertice which are sald to ba rich,
in rock ore, which differs both from the,
hematite and the magnetic ore that it,
resembles, but lacks: {ts magnetic ‘quall-§
dea. This-activity in property lying along,
‘tho *barren slopes of the, Lehigh Moyn-!
tains is duc’ to the visit of ‘Tgguaserr
me weeks ago, who also. ine:
vestigated some of the abandoned ‘ore!
mines along the mountain, Mr, Edison,
Is ‘porfecting a combination of a crusher:
and magnot. The former crushes the ore,
ond the Intter attracts the pure iron ore,:
‘The magnets, It is snid, are in shape: of;
eylinders, and a series of brushes romove,
the oro from, these .cylindors,. If.it should)
be. a commercial miccess it would prove!
a-blg boom for this county. ; Lehigh has?
rocks. -{f. nnvthinw | Pee tere Bemwae
WORCESTER COUNTY NEWS,
TEMPLETON,
y Ohns. Searles, who has been spending
two weeks with his mother, Mrs, Mary
«J, Searlus, returned to Wilmington, Del,
with his wile and daughter, Saturday,
~ Kugene Mersey, of the south part of
sthe town, had a cow stray away on Wea-
nesday of last week, fle found the cow
Sunday not far from the house.
_ Men working for the town have been
kept busy of late repairing roads after
recent washo:
Thomas A, 1, electrician and tn-
vento party with their auto cars
agapped at Templeton Inn Friday night,
While passing over Indder hill they got
stalied in the mud,
“WA catload of coal arrived at the Pefh-
Pleton station, B, & A. i. RB, fast week,
and was delivered nt Jay A, Stanley's
greenhouse by Arthur Clark, :
‘Andrew Sargeant and family Shave
(a3
—,
=e
AUG 12 1905"
». OFF FORA DAY'S FUN.
‘Bison's Employes and Crescent
Jeneflelal Awsoctation Among Thore
Who Went on Exourstons,
'To tho music of: brass band two boat-
Joads of excurstonists, numbering, it was
.¢@atimated, more than 2500 people,’ da-
Parted from Ripley's dock this morning
om the fifth annual excurston held under
t he auspices of tho Edison Works Fire
J epartment, the feat nation being North
-* Beach, Long Island, It wasn youns) nace
ple'a Sutinge and the Breuter part ot the
employes of the works took part in the
trip to the seaside, To. accommodate the
crowd the steamor Isabel and tho three-
@ecked barge Empiro wero engaged for
the occaaton, wae is ,
, For nearly an, hour,prior to doparture
the ‘middle, deck jof the barge. was given
over to dancing, and the participants
sWwetd'so numerous -that-they found difM-
culty in proporly executing the stops, A
large crowd ‘of onlookérs thronged tho
docks und yiewed the proceedings with
interest, pe: .
Owing, to tho odntinued arrival of ex:
cureloniats {t was nearly 10 o'clock before
the boats wero gotten under way, The
barge wae attached by Ilnca to the steams
or and towed down the river,
’ The committeo tn chargo had tts hands
ful) in attending to the dotalls of the
.trip.and in looking aftor tho many: chil-
Gren who accompanied thoir eldors on the
outing. Thero wore no mishaps, however,
‘The committes comprised Christopher
Miller, chalrman; Thomas Shoridan,
‘Charles Johnson, Edward: Burns, ‘Charles
‘Braymler. and John Fagan. Tho flour
‘Managors were Join Fagen and Joseph
Simpson.
About .600 persons, nearly all residents
of Roseville, loft trom the Broad Street
Station of thy Central Railroad at 9390
O'alock this morning on the twonty-first
annua! exoursion of the Croscont Bone-
flotat and Soctal Assoctation. Thoy will
spond 'tho day at Asbury Park and Ocean
Grove, returning from the shore at 7:80
o'clock this ovening. Sweot's band ao-
compnived tho excursionists and a feature
of tho-day’s outing will be tho danoing
‘at the Asbury Park suditorium, .
The committee In chargo of the excur=
sion follows: Jncob C, Steinbrenner,
iehairmon; Alfred Fonwick, F. J, Ritter,
iW. sd. Small, Hdward Wober, Henry
:Hafoer, Murtin. Kratt, John Cullerton,
‘Jacob Brower, Benjamia Yarnold, David
Franklin, Frederick Volz, Augyint Boucke,
John D, Fenwick and James Clark, Tha
jsoclety 18 composed of watch caso. mak-
(OFBe 4
Tho Saturday _halt-holi¢ay oxcuralor ~
7of the Franklin Street Epworth League
jattracted on. unusually largo patronage
jto-day on-account of the heat. The ox-
‘Ourefonists lett the Brond et Station
lof “the Centrat allroad of
jand. will ‘lea
‘to-night...
Riess Snares
AK KS F e r ‘ a5 a
PEHIGH'S ROGRSTHERE 1R0N.
at
if
po a Dee Fegan oan
Pmaiic of Edison's Visit and of a New Sort!
ey - of Ofe,> - .
Festors and speculators are making
a aul tour,"of thie Lehigh Mountains,
‘inspepting various propertics which. arg
‘aaitt to be rich in rock ove, which differs
both from the hematite and the magnetio
ore that it resembles, but lneks its mage
‘netic qualifies. i
bet haere in property lying along
the burren slopes of the SJwhigh Moun-
‘tainsiis due to the visit a ‘Thomas. A,
Biison some weeks nyo, who 4 .
‘ita oui. of the abandoned ore mines
Fthe mountain
mated Biivon is perfecting a combination
‘of acerusher and magnet, ‘The former
ferushes the ore nnd the latter attracts
the, pure iron ore. ‘The magnets, it 14
‘anid; ‘are in shape of eylinders, and a ser-
ies of brushes remove the ore from these
sae e howld prove a commercial ste
Gews it would prove a big boon for Lyd
fibelamanntartan
EDISONTAPPARATUS. IS
iry NOT FOR GENERAL
Herenfter Silvor
that ancorder had been Issued to:the con-
‘corn's watchman’ not to -allow, the con-|
pany's fire. Apparatus to be -taken from ,
tho. premises ‘in Cuture, «At) the \two- re”
cont flres in Silver Lake the Edison aps
Paratus was used by realdonts of the: to:
enllty. Upon the occasion’ of tha:
blaze, thd totter ‘states, the hose * car.
riage was. wrecked and had to be replaced’
with anew one, and at the second. fir
the company's hone, recontly purchased,
was badly damaged, os
* The communication® saya that It ts, not
about the fossa the company sustains
through -such damages that complaint {ts
made, but ft la the danger of a fire break-
ing.out In the concern’s plant while: the
apparatus fs away, or out of working or-
der, It is ‘urged that steps be taken. by,
residents of Silver Lake to secure fire-
fighting facllitles. Tho company prorlass
to’ald In tho-purchfise of. apparatus for,
‘
'
the jsection, 7+ 3.
EStopsshave already ber
le: of 8
; Seunigee Ho Kept, in Ron. enn
otwithetanding the, ingenu
‘homas A. Halabb, he Ady Saunble fo
8 serious predica-'
nt in which he found. Swimeelt (8 Sunday .
‘at an inn in“the Pocono Mountains. : ..,-
aMy. Edison was a guest at the hotel,
tho party of friends. While out in,
é-hills he met with an accident aid’
.trougera* were’ so .badly torn that
aeing no; others, he .was unable: to:
sppear dn,the dining room for any. of.
@ineald. There are no stores at thet,
resort, and the inventor Jeft.on the drat’:
traln Monday morning vig a shome: in!
without: ;-havin;
dient problem, ae Mos
“Brown arid vigorous from: fits-vutom bile
‘tip through southeastern New York.and
‘a corner of Connecticut, Th
sa sue hurd at work in hig {nboratory in’
ewellyn Park, having roturtied yentar-,
lay afternoon with his family and-‘some,
“friends, He sald they had had a, fino
‘dime, ‘
{In tho party’ with Mr, and Mrs, Ed
swwere | Chase Edison, Miss Edison, J.‘
'atitter and tho’ Misses Miller, , all ot ©
ange, t
- Jn, two huge’ ‘stenin touring. cnra. the’
party reached’. Danbury, Conn,,. Monday
afternoon, having been camparatively, {reo
‘from mishaps since leaving Pawling, Ne!
LY. A stop was mado for dinner, and ‘after;
treplenishing .tha’ gasoline tanks. of ‘thelr
cars started for South ‘Norwalk, expeot-
‘fog to reach thera. !n an hour,
Shortly. after 8 o'clock Mrs. Edison's i
js car steamed back to.Danbury, again.
‘towing tho other car, which hud bozome
‘disabled on’ tha road. Tho party had gone
as far. as’ Branchville when somothing,
happened to the mechanism of ono of tha,
cars, and fb. could not.be mado to t budge
under Its own power.
+The ‘chauffeurs worked over tho machiue
‘for some time and the wizard ‘himself ox-
famined tho, broken machinery ond made
AARES ‘gestlons: aa to ‘how tt might be: -ro-
red.. But even an Edison ‘could not
Pemedy the break, and st was decided that
tho: broken car should be towed. dvack t9,
‘Danbury. After the cars had beon safely!
housed tn n garage Mr, Edison and: his\
iparty went, to tho: Mairfleld Hous
is esi for the night,
arly, yesterday ‘morning Mr. x son,
hwas atthe garage with the chauffeurs;
jto look over the ‘broken -machine. Let
elimbed up into one of tho :cars and. sot)
‘there for an hour or more, apparently, an|
meditation. “Then thers ome @¢
iim upon the telephone, “It was on: wis}
rye, who desired _him to come te | i
‘fas
rcAfter breakfast Mr, Edleon walked i
40 the garage, and, seating himself com
fortably in-an old wagon that. stood In. a
peorper ¢ of the yard, wag soon nbsorbed .in
‘av boo He took -a, apin -through + tne
tinge Swen tho disabled ca
; nto shape agi
Bit fle: this sintement ‘about isin TOW,
lmotors hinyo’ 180,000. of them In operas
futon in Now, York, city... “They, aroano
a made~for. city. purposes onlyand
to,
You mny-sny that "is Battery: Ja jall:read:
dnd -it is ory
aro; working: entire. “Tait cena
tinios
toibe putin rond: curs,
hat one .of then “bal
ftonnenu earwill
Paneer: ‘charging.
analls WOH A
ete
bene
minted Ags, i \
Ast gueat, Seay in}
person at ‘homes 7 As Ralsén,
World” fany us) Inve jor, An: im
Dito. stvitha : “dottttied, Mr. Eadluon’ nd!
ny fitoivin ‘jy Cts, ‘eltye : .
dyhisspi
i ie, enféute: tor® New aigiree
werd Mr. and. Mré.- Edison,
De Balt, ste G,. Miller, | Mins:
er, Charles Edison and J. M
tek aul ‘or. Orange, Node: “he!
Areéampanteit ‘hy two chauffeurs,
eee stopycd | nt’ the: Falrneld Hotise;
‘Sdininer and ‘atter replentshing: the’
jgagolina. tatiks: of tholr cars started
Feoutn Nori die by way.of tho Sugar
1.» Thoy, sot- “away nnoit!
KE dnd It Was ‘thelr expbeta-;
that’ ihey would.’ reach Norwalk
“an hour at'the: longest.’ *
Shortly after elyht o'clock the # mo
\6 ening Myr. Edison's bls car stcamed
{
Inte town again, towlig behind it), the
potjier car, whieh had: become disabled
fon. ‘the road and was timable to pi
{without ‘repilrs.” Phe “party had 4gdnig
las?far as Brinchiiile when something
jhappened* to thé mechunism of on ‘ot
ithe’ curs and St could not, be mad
‘piidze” under 1th own bowor, * i;
The . “chauffeurs “worked | over" the}
imunhitie for.dame time’ and the Wize
Jord himself: examined the broken’ Uae
‘might:, be reptired,. But:
neould not remedy the by
fndsartor it hid tieon decided: thift t bie
ould hal be mended with tie ape,
it hun’ maid “that it. would
ry. to’ send’ to“ New
ee
rabiton Ceaciite Tolar
Birthplace “Within: a.
<*, Month
ht ee es ey oe
OLD FRIENDS PLANNING |) |
: ‘ 2 :
foka RA BORATE RECHETION
ed J
thie: Under distract ions!
The Inhalitiants of Milan are makin
3 Ful preparations for whet will ba pe: ‘
hopd the greatest, day. in. the lown'k:
inistory: Though the Hittle, town’ “Ie!
Hl atifally lait out—it is not tao con :
Hrified—and has many aristocratic
‘dente, there {3 nothing about H Unat the:
ople can ‘hoast of—only that ft was,
tins tho: Uttle: brik dwelling: whieh,
stands on the hillside Jat the northis;
tremity that ‘Phonmas A, EMisai,!
Fini reat. American t RUly TPate eee
‘tho light of day, And: ttie’ enthusiasm;
and pride over this fact, which has veel
epregnant in the hearts of tha inhahl-
SeAntS 101 sumie (tug Lie re Baprecralny
(of Che fulfilment. of Mr. Edlson’s pron;
idee: to ylalt the place soon, will Sogn
biirst forth, for the wizard: expects ww!
Fody his fret visit there for many yer
{in’abont a monthe.
io, Though it-is but natural: tha:
tehould wish to visit his birthplace 3 1h
Mheet old-time - friends and | boyhood
[eee of and enjoy the reminis-?
-eences of his carly. Ife, theré are’ yoy
other things which: have much “to-do;
¥withi his coming. visit... Dame Rumor}
ines tt among tthe folks*that Mr. Edi;
gon-ia about to give the tewn-a free, -
pwblic Ubrary ° in: regular. Andrew,
Carnegie style, ‘and. this {s not without;
‘foundation, for..Mr., Edison ~has SI
stritcted.a relative ‘to locate ‘a-site fn
‘the-Whbrary, and It isy Wkely that one}
‘wilishe bullt:on the‘old Edison estdte
nijolning house wherein; : he Wi
8
Ae
cot hl is, to : ‘ot.
the tittle: two-storys brick house whi¢}i
bhe-tet the Ediaon’ possessions wileh|
) iv
therfamilysremo |
abe twhenwehe
years old. | Many people may’
perhaps Imagine, that the inventon was
torn) jn’ an unbdratentious. halldingy
‘pow about to crumble, as were many)
‘or'men now prominent and wealthy,
Shut who vere not raised in aftenee’and|
huxury: Such {8 not the cage, howgver.
use 1s quite a pt hes ark
onstraction, WW. Iwo, ator
a “roots y fing gard
aw
vai nilcdé” of MMi lor 43}
focautttully furnished, but tho thingy
that takes khe visitor's eye more md
aything elge on.entering the house '{s
mingnificent, oil . painting~ whieli,
‘adorns the front-parlor, showlng *
‘zon's estate and taborutories at Oran
o dhe house has changed ‘ownership
aeveral timcs since the Edison famlly:
eft Milan and removed to Port Huron.
‘Several years aga Mr. Edison purchasers
fthe property and gave it to a sister,
Mrs, Belle Page. On Mrs, Page's death
‘the property reverled to Mrs, Ristine,+
from whoni Edison will again purchase)
Hit, 2 Hah
focth may he that Mr, EMison, will utilize,
Tyho house for a Winary, as tt woulthe
feniinently fitted for this purpose, ;
ha The visitor to. Milan cannot help but
find’ ove or moje of Edison's poy hoa)
seampanions. Like every oiler hoy. fn,
tthe town In that period the wizard hath:
‘his nlelkname anti iC: was “Sooty”.
Whether, bls youthful experiments»
feolled hig contenanee to such 'a degre,
‘18 10 warrant such a liek cognonient ta}
not known, but at any. _ritle thats i,
DISON. IN- THE CITY. st
./Thomas, A. Edlson!-was in the -clty
last’ d¥erewiehertParty. of friends.con-
‘sisting: of: Charles > Edison,. John “Mil-
ler: and, William, Howe.on an automo-
‘Dile.grin.from: Orange; N,-J., to Pougn:
keepsle, -N. :Y., in tha White Steamer
which’ Mr. Edlgon recently purchased.
They registerod at the Central auto-
mobile station. and at the. New Amer-
dean. Among other recent registrations
‘are’ Percival W. Clemont ‘of ‘Rutland,
‘Vt, en route from New York to, Rut:
Jand ‘in n 40° horse ‘power, Apperson
car, ‘Arthur Warren of New. York tour:
ing in a Mercedes cor anu E. B. Pago’
7Sprin )
ot
Had Two Machines and One Towed
the Other Into Danbury,
Danbury, August 30.Thomas' AST
json, the well-known inventor, and o
party composed of his
frionds came .in. here, Sunday after
noon from Branchville, «where. thel
automobile broke down’ on a trip fat
thls city to Pawllng, .N.
‘enme here all right fram Pawting, bhi
onthe, return trip the aulo refused t+
work .and. velthar. the Inventor
this chauffeur could do anything wit
\ The party had lwo wachines, 8
one towed the other hack here for rs
Th the party wero Mr. ary
Mra. Edison, Charles Edfson,’ J. i
‘Miller, Misa Miller and Miss G, Mile
all of” Orange, aN. J.-:Mry) Bdlson
friends” here’ Jok
——
oe
ee
j
Sie Waa aikr ont
CAVGUST 1405]
. An Interview With Mr. Edison...
The New York Sun’ of ‘Sunday, May’ 14, co
four-column article, under ‘the heading, «,
Peaceful,” which article represents. the’ resu! n
terview with the famous inventor. The: article is ilus-
trated with three hand sketches, showing.’Mr.. Edisom’ in.
as many different attitudes, ©
_ In answer to 2 question as to the ‘progress of h
on his storage battery Mr. Edison said: -\“My idea*is to’
make it possible for a tonneau car for four persons to’go
for a hundred miles on one charge: We-can: do that
now with heavy trucks, but the battery is too heavy’ for"
the auto for traveling. The practical limit at present is
fifty miles for the tonneau.” . Pieegt ;
'"Very often I am asked what I am working‘'on and
how long it takes me to complete an invention.: Neither,
of these questions is an easy one to answer. ‘To-day. I
am still at work on things which I commenced fifteen years
ago, and are still uncompleted, Some of: these are. on
the market, and I am making improvements, some of them
the public know nothing about. I have been working away
‘four years on this storage battery, I worked’ steadily far -
¢ American. Many ‘engin
is more brittle and less
‘standing’. strains ‘than:.the ‘same timber. befor
treated with! creosote.
results of tests om treated sticks’ with: resultson un-
reated sticks. :In many. instances. these, turied! out .in
javor: of the-untreated timber. Teasa :
tests are'unfair to the.preservative is that inthe process
of preservation two factors enter? : (1) ° ‘1h al pro:
‘ges6 of impregnation: with a preserving ‘su
eight years on the incandescent light; and I have worked - ; /
thirty-five years on the phonograph, A great deal’ of my:
time at present is directed toward the perfection of the
phonograph.” ge pe cagA Ms SE tah GRAD
*_ In reply to other questions, Mr. Edison said:
Tongest ttime I ever worked continuously. was . five, days:
and five nights without: sleep. ‘That was‘ during some
the lighting experiments. Once I worked four days ‘and
four nights—that was just .before the opening’. of. the.
Pearl street station, the first central: electric station ever
established. We did not know’ what ‘was: going to: hap
pen; we expected something: would explode when we
“tumed on the current.” Everybody said it’ was going to,
be a failure. When we turmed’on the current, however,
it. started all right, without a hitch, and ran: for’ eight
7) years,
“Insomnia? I have to laugh when people talle- about,
t. A man came to me once—couldn’t sleep, was troubled _
‘with insomnia, and was terribly worried.: I said, ‘I'll cure’
you.” I put him to work on a mercury pump, kept him
at'it, told him he must finish it at a certain time, and as’
he couldn't sleep there was no excuse for. his stopping.
At the end of the third day we found the pump all broken
to pieces and the victim of insomnia sound asleep on the
tuins, Sleep is only an inheritance; if the sun should
keep on, shining people would get over the habit of sleep
in_time,”” me
Mr, Edison, though happily married himself, evidently
shares Mr. Tesla’s views on the question of the marriage ©
of scientific investigators. In reply to an’ inquiry as to
whether, in his opinion, wireless telegraphy would become
perfected, he said: “I surely do, I think the greatest set-
back it has ever had was the recent mariage of Marconi,
but he will get over that in time and go on with his ex-
periment. It is doubtful if he will be able tto overcome
the interference of other messages absolutely.” :
Mr. Edison seems to be satisfied with the earth as the
Scene of this investigation. The problem of communicat-
ing with other planets, he admits,.is beyond his reach, “I
limit my scientific researches below the apex of: the
Himalaya Mountains,” he’ continued, “and let Mr. Tesla
have all the space above that—that is his field, the field
of astronomical electrics. J should say, however, that
Question would be settled by the telescopic lens rather than
y the wireless telegraphy.”
_ Mr. Edison then told a little of the process of inven-
tion, “Tt is a great lesson in the eternal law of develop.
ment. My own experience, as well as that of other in- -
Yentors I have talked to, is that if you get something for
nothing you may be sure you are on'the wrong road. . If.
You get the result without strenuous effort, there is only
one rule, apparently, to follow, and'that is to cast it aside
and begin all over again, for you are on the wrong path.”
~ Electrical World and Engineer. mG a .
‘est
fault: of th
mber preservation divides itself: broadly.
First, the: preliminary. preparatior
reservative process; ‘- and,’ thire
imber following: preservation.
influenced. material ;
The: Bureatt ‘of: Forestry erected
nthe grounds.of the: St.. Louis. Expo:
ing ona Series: of investigations ‘of ‘the, ¢
preserving timber, and of the influence:various prese
tive processes have’ upon’ the strength of.:the’ timb
These investigations have been: organized ‘and ‘outli
y Drs. Von Schrenk and. Hatt, of the Bureau: of’ Fo
This getiéral: plan ‘was pursued dyring”
months at:the,timber treating and testing stati
Louis in accordance with the following outliné:
4. To'determinte the effect of preliminary process
‘such as stedming, on the mechanical: properti th
timber; (2) To determine the effect of preservatives'ont:
the strength’ of timber, eliminatiag’ the effect’, of: th
preliminary.processes, - -. ~
In order to determine, the effect of ‘these factors,”
programme was divided into two. parts—part 1, “th
effect of the’ preliminary. process, and pur 2, the effect?
of preservatives. The effects’ of the pre! pre
cess were determined only on: Ioblolly:, pin y
green and: seasoned .timber was.used in, determinin
effect of the. preservatives. . The preservative, fluids | ix
vestigated included only creosote and. zinc chloride... :;::.
In making comparative strength tests of treated’
untreated timbers, it is necessary to eliminate as’
possible the variations due to the great differences:
quality of individual pieces of wood. This, was
complished.in this case only by ‘using ‘eleven: » ti
bers cut at the same time from one forest site.:,In test-
ing the influence of preliminary processes of ‘seaSonin
a three-foot section was cut from one end of each tim:
ber and sawed up into test pieces, which furnished: 2
basis of comparison between (1) the results of tests o
these “control” pieces, and (2) the results on test pieces”
taken “from the remaii eight-foot section after th
latter ‘had been subjected to the various’ preliminary.
seasoning processes in the treating cylinder, :
: In testing the effect of preservatives themselves th
entire eleven-foot timber was subjected to the pri
liminary seasoning processes, after which a three-foo!
section was cut, frome the end of each timber. Th
three-foot section thus having been subjected ’.to ‘the
preliminary seasoning processes formed a basis of com:
"parison with the remaining eight-foot section, whit
the ‘el
vaintances,
eConivelly a
eunton, Bir. Williams,
8 oiet oe tho Hargest jand
“most isuecesstul ‘gather- |.
ssociatioh had ever-held. |.
a Waldorf-Astoria, -
era were “laid: for
lends and Busts
Ut iwas‘ only, surpass¢
at dtepresigent Roosevelt,
‘by ‘the -Republican -Club |
Among -the.:men..of note,
the iplatfarm.. nd, del. ;
x oer Bs ne,
were: .iMelville:: Berens:
Cc. ‘Clowly,’
agquaintance
sgether with ‘Harry W.
ght:manager of the Asso-
:: holds ‘the distinction of
2 10"employes of the ‘com-
beén “connected ‘with {t
were leased -back in April,
» veterans will be remem-
‘mes who,” more than 18
Associated -Press, -was ‘so
“feat that he asked,
y eyarrchage: ‘for :them
ly: by: tho wind, |
*Eatier ly dificult to re- 4
sages. ‘Willlams © re- |
-elty-ti te last . night,
i ued, his “Journey. to “Louls-
{
ie
“HIGH OLD TINE
[Edison and Mackay the ‘Stars
Se
‘Or elagrap...ers’ Banquet -
at Waldorf-Astoria.
| Hundreds of hands once familiar. i
‘tho clattering telegraph ‘key | were
Wondrous busy last night with knife |
and fork in the great ball-rdom -of
the Waldorf-Astoria, ‘It was”:
nual banquet of ‘the Old-Time by
Telegruphers' Association, and 700 dele-
gates, representing every section. of ‘the }
ountry, surrounded the meee
ables, .
‘This was not the H
uet where the men
‘te women are &en-rously permitted ito
t surperles3s In‘ the gallery and tisten dt
» the speeches. Not only did the
‘omen do thelr full share of feasting | tu
tst night, but they sane ‘“Tam-l-nee™ | ‘tC
nd every other classle ventured by the; bt
agi, and between courses swarmed],
rund the great table coaxing auto. jlo:
faphs out of Thomas A, Edlson and Aa)
Jarence Muckay, eo Bean be
These two g-atleman were the stars {St
t tne evening, accupying tke “honar |_ 3
i
t
4
usual sort of ban-
eat the dianer and|A
fats side by side, flanked by Toast: Po,
aster Melville E. Stone and Col.-Roo:| Du
lowry. President of the Western {dis
nion Telegraph Company, oo Pinel
There were lusty checrs for President |as:
foosevelt when his health was pledged | on
1 the first ‘tonst of the evening; but | fc
che real enthuslasm developed when | a:
‘jal. Clowry arose to address the “old 'sk
mera,’*
The specch was a2 brief re-, tt
““eow of the achlevements of telegraphy, fur
nd was applauded to the echo. te
Among the other spenkers were U, N,
tethell, of telephone fame: Thomas F.
‘lars, PF, W. Goulding, He x D. Esta-
‘rook and Col, Wiliam 3, Wilson, of|{?
he United States Milltary Telegraph a
Torps. ra ¥d
A tiny telezrash ‘key, the smallest a
ver manufactrred yet absolutely per- nt
‘ect In every dotall, was the souvenir in
wf the evening, Miniature telegraph
doles were served with the ices. amt a
tust of Samuel F. B, Morse followed
the coffee. | ;
rte
SCENTED NOTE SET
: [PHOTOCOPY]
i
{ 9: aah Calta
“The ‘twenty-fifth vanniia! r ‘
bone Time Telegtaphers - and ° Historical
“Association, and’ thé:Socieby of the‘ United,
‘States Military -Telégtaph Corps ;was. held |
‘last nighé.at the Waldorf-Astoria..;'Among.
the guests wero-Thomas—\. Edison, .Col-+
Robert G Clowry, ClirénceMacray, T. Ww. |
‘Goulding NG. H. Usher, Col, William B. Wil-.
son, Thomas T, Clark and U. N, Bethel. ... | |,
‘The souvenir of the night was.a minia-
‘ture! telegraph ‘key in perfect
poreey auc maby re the mess
‘from table to’ table "re
N as ‘telegraph’ key. 20 Mo:
& Molville 1 Stone was" Ghe tosatiinatar.
3 é ere made by Mesars. ‘Clark,
Clowry and John.C. Barclay,:prosi-
dent. .of the .association, all, dealing awith |
the development ‘of Ee s telegraph ‘and
telephone. .Toasts -wére ‘drunk’
Clowry, Mr. Mackay and Mr..1
Col.
a
’
ee eee
a
;
EoYSLIUEEY ow
From a 7
gronldyn N.¥.-Citizer
sey 2B Wu,
waste
‘ Inventor Ed} ut with his family
i on a “Connecticut tour in two automo- :
biles, had to return to Danbury and geti
a-now one because one of the two broke,
down: afew miles out. Incidentally, .
{t.. werd, M -Edigon remarked - that |
*naE*180,000 oe: ni: ‘new motors in opera’.
‘lon ‘in New York city, and ‘that {ho {
battery. which will drive-a tonneau 100
‘miles without recharging Is ready... to be
,put Ja‘ road ‘cars, Without hinting | ti]:
the propriety of a writ “de Anqutrend
tho curlous would ‘ke to. know W
went touring. in: two cars, both
by ‘gasoitne, whon he might he
cegtaage
—-
+ Some Marvels in-Edison’s Museum.
a continuous Imining sound heard in the
. this being broken into the dots and. dashes
system by means of the key. The roofs of: the!
i and: the
s and’ the,
| connceted together to the instruments,
were connected to the earth through the car whe
and inexpen: :
) tir space-of' 600 fect i
EEE EEE EEE HE EEE HEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EEE EE FH EE EEL
ANY visitors to the Edison. Jaborator¥ at Orange, 2 diaphragm, ic ite centre.of which he attached a brasg rod:
va y galvanoincler; roontmoresinter=- "carrying. a steel pawl, ; vat
N, J » find the ns a aaiginsst t vy This pawl acted on a ratehet wheel with very fine teeth,!
esting than any,,athers section of Uy mauinted ‘on’ a shaftycarrzing 2 flywheol“and ,deiving. a.colored
“on necuunt oF tt het pemnod N lise by. meang of a tord? Then when you spoke or sang into
inventions which: eEdisoneevdlved in: his':..the.mouthpiece the vibrations of thy voice caused the pawl to
air days, Soe HA Hveions are Hl. pgs ow the ee of the eatcet wheal, and this prod
: me é ed a ri ‘ f the flyw ‘ : om
tle known to the unscientific public, though they may be, and continuous sound gave tie Hywheel such momentum that there
probably are, in dveryeday use among scientific men, says a- was considerable force needed to slop it. On the word of no
writer in Tit-Bits, Pati eae : ay authority than the inventor himself-there is na difi-’
. te . u ant HT Q o Q 2) uf v vite
- This galvanometer room, apart from what it contains, is flty a boring yl thrausla hoard oF sawing wood with:
a somewhat remarkable apartment, having, been constructed FeW. readers, eth is, -have heard ‘of the “grasshopper.
without a speck of iron, all the fittings, nails, keys and. locks. telegraph, one of Mr, Edison's earliest inventions, the modef}
of doors, window latehes, ete, being made éntirely of brass, oh whieh iy also, pres i ed in que Aalvanameter Foom, ‘ meee
Mrs: o. me cae taaas is hardly entered into Fasshopper” telegraph made it possible to hold’ communica-:
he ue - OU See WS great, hat “ hardly hie kee Uo between telegraph stations and moving trains, and! the!
Mr, Edison's mind, for the object he had in view was to keep remarkable feature of the invention was the absence of any
away all magnetic influence, The models’ of the different special wire between ur along the railway tracks, Induction:
inventions are ranged ‘along the sides of the room in glass alone sorted to {rmstes. the Surreits Horm tie aprarniy f8 33;
q " Ay cy are i U ie. Writer would hou oO We Ord ary ATO! Fe wires i fel 851 ce c ick, indy
aid how adany, they are in number-Fire : 53 the” currents thas indeed in the wites, did not in any ways
y care Lo say, . : interfere with the ordin business carried on over them,::
is in this room we find the models of the duplex, quad- _ The apparatus on the train and at the stations alon
ruples, multiplex and phonoplex telegraphs, the Edison dyna- {ites conslater of un ordinary batters. au jniuetion coil it
5 eo PYro-mtia . S fl re So . i . avabra y 2 Morse key a « a parr of tele; ie Te vers. ‘
Mos, the pyromagnetic motors unl Be Ae tea means of the induction coil the current from the battery was
the clectric pen, the, Edison-Sims torpedo, the diferent tele- transformed into it rapidly alternating, highly penetrative cure;
phone transmitters, the megaphone. and’ the magnetic ore rent capable of producing a similar current’ in neighboring
Separator, most of which, perhaps, are too ae known or tog) Wir The aad ‘ i -_
scientific for description here, — : { phonetic faculty cn
tre are, however, other thodels whieh gannot be passed of the Mor
tt, There is, for instance, Mr, Edison's first invention—the
on vote recorder, This interesting ivention comprises
a system by which each member of a legislative body can, "hy track, By imeans of this
moving i i to right or left, register his name sages could be transmitted ncros
ona sheet of paper under the “ayes” or “nays”; vag WeHing between the wires and the cars, ‘ vee
; ile paper was elena ly drepared, tind when Af creat Au interesting model is that of the “tasimeter.” Tits
Wiis lose an van rol er Hn eC our ane Pal he eas ved consists of a strip of hard rubber with pointed ends resting
passing throngh te ehemieally prepared paper caused che eave Peapendicuarly on a platinum plate, benealt whch js carbon
: 4 vered pi stUISe sutton and. benes his another: platinum plate, ie.
coloration wherever the type came in contact. with it, and the plates and the carbon button form part of .an electric circuit!
name. was accordingly printed on the, paper, At the same — containing a battery and a galvanometer, - ‘The hard rubber;
tine the vote was counted by a dial indiedior which Wis js exceedingly eto heat; the slightest degree of warmth’
operated by the same current, It was a lingernous and reliable imparted to it causes if to expand; thus increasing the pressure’
voter"—in fact, too reliable to meet with pul blic Tavor, on the. carbon button and producing a variation: in the resisted
es Then, there _is the model of the plonomotor, or voual “ance of the circuit which is, of course, immediately registered;
engine, This was one of the most remarkable of all Mr.” by the galvanomicter.. The instrument isso sensitive that avith!
Edison's Scientific “toys,” and- was evolved in ‘the course of a delicate galvanometer. the warmth of ‘a person’s, hand, atva}
his experiments with the telephone and the phonograph, White di fects ityvery-congi rLnyastronpiiti~’
cugaged in these-acoustic-researches;¥ ison, fgund.that then Ane ticcessfully, Onkoties
human‘ voice was: c7 ct : indshe'there:! 77.0 rom-therstitr Arcturua
fore}constructed outhniece: and/ erste, Arcturua
—
tee A ote au ety
W- Chronicty " »
chicago,
gua tb (90
'
enna!
VOL. XI--NO! M27
DEATH
Tobacco ‘Used, in
IN PUFFS
Cigarettes
Is Fatalysays‘tnomas™
A, Jidison, \
i a
‘turning Paper Makes Poison
That Kills and Drives to
Insanity, —*
Great Inventor Takes Issue With
Noted Physicians Who-Bos_
fend Habit.
' Declares, Howover, That Wecd Used
in Ordinary Form Acts as
Bonefloial Stimulant,
Country Is Food Drunk, Peo-
ple Slowly Eating Them- *
selves to Death,
i
ny
n
t
a
Average Man Aleo, He Holds, Sleeps So.t°
Much That He Becomes Habit-
: ually Stupid.
(Special Telegram.)
New Yon, Oct. 16.—Thonins A. Edison, tha
great Inventor, disngreosembbbnakinn Wictchor
and other noted physicians who have been
defendiuy the clgaretic, He states ems
phatleally that tubacco used in that form Iz
dendly, not becnuszo of the tobacco but be~
enuyo of a polsonous substance called acro-
Jeln produced by the burting paper.
“Smoking tobacco is a pretty good work
stimulant,” ho saya, "I tnd it much better
than drink of any kind. Alcohul seems 1a
scatter the thoughts, It’s a poor thing 4
work on, But tobacco helps and I don’t ba-
Neve It does much harm, although excesalve
smnoklug is ikely to affect. the heart, Per-
sonally, 1 flnd that good old Pittsburg stogles
are the Uilng.
Ciynrcttés Are Deadly,’
“But clgurettes!"—Mr. Ldlson raised his
hands and shook his hend="they're deadly.
It ie not the tobacco; It's the acrofein pra
duced by the burning of the paper that docs
the harm, and let me tell you"—his volee bo-
trayed some feellng and his fuce grew graver
~'ncrolein Ig one, 0 r
‘de {ts offect™on the hima body, 7" *
: “The burning of ordinary cigarette paper
: always produces acroleln, That iy what
inekes the sinoke.so Irritutlig, I really be.
Neve ‘that It often makes boys Insane, We |
sometines develop acrolein in thls Inburntery
Mn cur experiments with glycerin, One white
of {t from the oven drove onc of my assistants
out of the buliding the other day, ae
“Loan hardly exaggerate the dangerous na- |
tureof acrojein, and yet that fs whng.a man
or a'boy is deallng.with every time he rmokes
an ordinary ciguratte.” oe fy :
The above statement was made at tho end
of an interview to which the Inventor sub-
mitted at hig worksh{p and In which he dealt
porticulurly with the subjects of.eating and
4 sleeping. ~ .
4 Country In Foud-Druntic,
q “Yen, It's true, the country is foud-drunk,"
{ sald Mr, Idlson as he emerged ‘from the
groy-biue vapor of lily chemient laboratory
and sat hy the bare corner where he docs hls
hardest thinking. “Im not su much interested
dn the economic alde of ovcreathigy at a thine
when the cost of living fs increasing, but t
have Jnvestigated the subject enough to
know that a man can't do goud, clear, logical
braln work with dis stomach full of undl-
1 pested foo"
f tho most terrible druga "
he
oni
ae |
’
i
HT.
bi
|
:
|
[as had livedia life of exceas until now
i
!
1 lavay of iving. She prinelpal change he mad
| Heenme prighter and more
lived to ho 100 yonrs old.
1
i
ft
‘> you, 1 had heen working Juat am hard as be-
My grandfather ive
; eBse AML were disciples of C.
ounces of food a duy [wae inkl
cle.
tory much or
Tha grent laventor sprawled sidewise In hia
chalr, one arm restlag on the uapalnted
Wworking-heach at hls side, a pleture’ of men
dul and phyaleal vigor,
“The fact Is," mud Mr, Edlson, “that people
eat too much, sleop tuo much and dun't work
enough, ‘Che average man would be much
better of€ and ‘would do very much better i
work (¢ he would cut down hls food and Bleep
ond Inbor a little harder, Men cnt and sleep }
themselves stupld, Somalimes they eat and
slucp Lhemsclven Ito the grave,
“The tale about working too hard 4 ahso- ;
Jute nonsense, Generatly apenklng, a man !
ean's work too hard. It does him good, '
“Why, I’vo worked for flve days and nights
without sloep aud with very Httle food, and
did as gocd work In those conditions ag 1
over dit ln my life, “hat was when I was
‘| Working out the Incandescent Mght idea,
It's all a matter of habit.”
Vella Hin Own Expertonee,
{ Ma, Bdlson shaded fis oyes with his hand
\
‘nt {. and sont deeper Into hla ehate, dle gave
‘a swift glance into the laboratory, ag if to
keep track of what was solng on there,
+ “Bome tle ago my stomach troubled me,”
he continued, “lL didn’t know what wan the
matter, but 2 imagine now that it was the
X-riy that caused some Internal constrie-
tlon, It also drew my left eye out of focus,
although that trouble hog since disappeared,
You know that the X-ray go affected one of
my tasistinta that the dogtors hid to nme
putato one Hin’ after another, Chey Mtore
ally cut hi to pleces and ho iinatly died.
Ia brathor, who ta out ki the Inboratury
there, was atso affected by the X-ray,
“However, when my trouble was acute 1
began to experiment with my sight, to sce
J what woukl come of It, I had always been
a Nght enter, but I decided to cut down my
food stilt more, %
“Por two months I lved on four cunces of
» food for euch .meal, hat mado twelve
+ ounces of food uduy. Of course, 1 varied my
food. 1 would (nke a teaspoonful of pens, a
smal) pleee of tonst nnd cavinr, n tiny sand-
wieb, a Ite bit of tam, a fragment of rye
bread with Swiss cheese and Ao o1,
“What waa tho result? At the end of two
‘months of this dict 1 welghed just as much as
whon I began, exactly 185 pounds. ee
. * Mhrlves on Meager | Diet,
. “E found that living on twelve ounces of
food a dpy for four weeks had made me
“mentally brighter and had aclther Ula lt «
ished my atrongth normy welght, And, mind
fore L cut down tho sizo of my meals, “
“You know about Louls Cornaro, the Veno-
tlan, who‘wrote'n book on how to live Jong 7-
nearly 40 years old, “Ho wan weak, tnelan-
choly and could accomplish nothing. His
doctors told him he was on the atralght road
to death, “fhen he decided to change his
an
AE eens preter meen
cheerful und ho
ved to be 94 senrs old
“Now, my fant Oe OS eeold.
yer Hved to bo 101 years
srout-mrandfatl ornare and flved
iy .
recording to his ideas,
“or course, whilo [ was living an twelve
no exer
beon walling about ny tnborit-
icine if 1 had been Kolng Up and
ood dent L would vo A
ur or five ounces more of foad a an
nuke up for the waste tlanucs, Paes
can bo no doubt that twelve ounces <r ti
w day is cnough for a man who tike:
physlent exercise. *
“pollers Need Much Food, :
“A Dlg enter lins got to nie exerelic— no
aoubt ubout that; we an beret neces
y iy masses of men 4 ;
toll Brea plenty eat tige shunts because they
5 exercine.
ain plenty, iment a hodearrier, , for ae
atanee, requires three or four pounds of fue
day. ‘Tho atealn upon lls body duo to io
carrying of heavy: welshta tp long in tera
eatin for extra food, Wut the ayer ae
chilat cats 80 or 19 per cont too niuel. ike
would bo a stronger, brighter und happy
TE Nhe that Is‘another prevailing
form of intemparance, Peopic alecp tos ee
rhey drug themsclves with sleep, T oe ,
is that this vice of‘oversleeping is oe fii
“tf acmnan will only try to Bet along wa
less sleop ho will be surprised to Caren tid
fittlo ‘he really needs and he will a if
fuoulties very much Inproved by the effo Hes
“It Is not so much the quantity ag tlie
quality of sleep that counts, ‘fhe man A
Hies elght or nino hours In bed, tosaivi a ates
from time to time, docs not got anyth! ae
ne much rest og the man who slecps #0 ly
urs.
fon Nid tht i had worked on the Hnennigen
eent-Hght problem for five aise ai et
Lights without sleep, W oll, after ae
“slept for twenty hours. But it was eet
deep, refreshing sleep. Aficr E got up t
at my worl: ag strong snd Keen as over. q
down stirs a 6
een
@
THINKS EDISON !S WRONG,
Boctor Snya Le In Nleotl
roteln That In 1
ally,
{S8peclal Velegram.]
New York, Oct. 16,—-Wlint ls neroleiu, the
“drug Senet sanaer ven lant lelleves afte:
delves boy“elgurette ambkers Insane?
enn hardly exaggerate the dangerous uature |
of aeroletn," says the cleetriea) wignrd, “and
yet that (s.what aman or a boy by dealing
with every the he sinokes an ordinary cly-
arettes’
Acroleln ‘is a new nama In the “terror
Unt Probably nut one amoker in 10,000 has
ever heard of i. Che ‘d nenns, Mterally,
Kharpeemelling—from dl, Khaep, and alea,
to.smel, Acroletn laa colorless Uquid, with
un titense, dizagreratle puagent odor
cinteally, tt da represented by the plana
(-H4-0, meaning. hve parts af earbon,
four of hydrogens and one of oxygen,
: Qlycerth Caused Product,
f
Acrolein ts produced by the burning or de- |
structive dlstItation of glycerin to whlet
phogphorle acld has been added. The drug
is used to-determino the presence uf yly-
cerin. U
Ax to the effect of acrolein on the smoker,
Mr, Balson and tho doctors seem to differ,
Whatever the effect, it fa not contined to
elgaretto smokers, Inammuch as acrotein Is
fn nearly ott amokiig tobacco, as glycerin
fa used to keep bt molt,
Health Commissioner Dartington sald:
“Acroleln has a rasplug, irritating effect on
the thront and nasal passages, thereby eaus-
ing a cough, It will aggravate a tendency to
gronchitls ar eatarch, hut otherwise [do not
see how It cnn have a very deadly effect.
"Nicotine dg the real Uttlo black minn,
Whoever Inhules smoke from a clgarette,
pipe or clgar causes the absorption of uleas
tine Into the lungs and affecta the heart,
Nicotine lowers tho heart beats. Inballag
tobneco anioke algo nffects the nerves,
At tho Hudson Street hospltat the surgeon
anid that, while acroleln would produce a
cough, It was not to be compared With nlgo-
fine la te offect on thesmoker, |”
Cavhon Conts the Lungs,
"An nutopsy:on a miner, sald the sure
xeon, “showa that tis lungs are black from
the coal dust and smoke lo hasinhaled., The
lungs of a’man tying fon smoky nelgabor-
hood aro dark or show dark patehes, ‘Tho
slungs of: a contrmed fnhater of tobaceo
amoke wlll show black patches,
' @Lho patehos ava due to the condensation
pot carbon. ‘ho carbon Is not a polson, but
, the lungs often have thel? functions wronged
) by we condng of curbon. Ud rarely disappears,
A man-with curbonlzed lungs can nut breathe
rlgist.
“The quantity of acrolein ts xo small that
only excessive smokers nre ikely to have
sorlous throat trouble: Che nicotine does
the real harm, a8 a actlye polson, by lower.
Ing tho vitality of the heart and affecting the
nerves."
[PHOTOCOPY]
and Not Ace 4
A bieisclateest
—
a
oy
ie
ington, i, = Wily, Tidings,
Wygke
TO ENLARGE PLANT
lpia Company Will Bulld Two More
Largo Roasters,
At present two ronstera 150 fect long
are, cach turning out thirty-five barrels
of cement every hour at’ the Filison
coment: plant at New Village, When
Thomas A, Edison, the wizard of Menlo
Park; wrving 1 roaster 150 feet
Jong the other cement manufacturers
scoffed at him. In other mills the
roasters are only about ‘fifty feet
long, and only ‘ronst from ten to
twelve barrels per hour, But Edison's
plans wert found to he a great success
and instead of being’ too long, they can
be successfully operated at a greater
length and plans are being drawn for the
erection of two nore buildings, each
200 feet long, They will be located on
the hillside, south of the present ronst-
er buildings. All of the machinery at
the plant is meeting the expectations of
the promoters, But last week the gen-
erator at the crusher became damaged
by. an accident and it was neeessary to
have a new one ina hurry. A temporary
arrangement was made by robbing one
of the other departments. Orders were
placed with a company in Michigan and
a three-ton generator went through
Washington by express Monday, It oc-
cupied a car by itself and the expreasage
paid by the company was $195, But cost
was nothing to the cement people,
A novelty was seen at the quarries
where the inventor's brain devised a moy
ing roof in order that the employes might
continue at work in all kinds of weather
The roof §s of steel and is connected with
a railway on top of the quarry-hole. Ae
the men desire to move from one part of
the quarry to another they can move
the roof with them. It is also equipped
with electric lights and work can be car-
ried onday and night. The stockhold-
ers of the company are enthusiastic over
the success of the plant, and_while the
market: ja’ dull at present, the prospects
are bright for a big demand for cement
next spring.
(eee WOre Thetleing — Menera’ "
—-
new
meee Seg eee Be ee
eMyOR Kany
0. ee wee
VWel7
weg 2
VAPOR pos pee
brothers and
sisters ia the
moving
ay aloes
are aha Tyo!
peken play t
ets ie
to some extent az
F companies from meme
profession wha have had +
ou pamominie,
couatyy the { experiimesst
; de recently by the
sutaetariy ew Compiay, of
eture business is a
theatre is in the ]
ap
“There
use often
G sets oF Uo plays |
&
B
z
83
a
a
;
“nests the nece:
se “toc Cor
. et
ity which |.
The),
age work f
much as |,
°
phed by
we only.
aaa n made in the
s the players to
donot, as is the
members of their pro-
ually in sleeping cars
makes i :
incuistry raore 1h h
and this the non-p: 7
never think of, is that it :
opportunity to see thes fy
referred to the work as ‘
ing for the regty ‘
you come to realize,” suid he,
« ty effect you are expected fo
ra5s te the audienee mnt be by
an und a, that those who .
ce hear never a Fa
¢ to your mean. fy
th fe
2 Oppcsed to t
rs
I
if
‘
’
‘
‘
‘ ‘
oY t
fauie hefore het :
Madame But-
1
sock SORT: One inte ty
who witnessed some of ‘
vas sivack by the
yegular pertormers |"
oxin’s work, :
‘This inte: reciprocal, for the }
tomiiniist show a Hvely interest in . '
in structing the ss in some of the
ine of # suovatnthigs Tu her
ands this cig not altogether facial :
expression and action, It partakes of
ithe art of sug sfestion, Chis will he wa-
"derstood by those who have seen er in}
(he famous scene in “Maaame Thuter-
* Ay" where the Japanese girl waits ap-
parently ail wight for the return of her
tov ;
During that scene night falls, the little
sleepy, the nurse puts it
by becom
to hed, lanterns ive lighted sand extin-
quished, the child wakes up and daylight { *
The audience felt that hours had
The whole scene really tikes
and during most of that
Purtterfly is standing #10-
ree out of Mie window with
ators. By her art
st of time and
op
seven minutes
Unie Mads
ae j 5 lou!
a
her buck to the sect
she sugyests th
tes you feel t eat hours have passed.
vers work only
bly only in
She moving picture pla
y daylight and prefe
riaht suntight. ‘Therefore the hours or
\e the minutes when the sun is shine!
iG on otherwise cloudy days ere made
he niost of. Ta
b
bri
results in the 2
ayers being made wy a ad
soon after their arrival ia
thle and remaining
aS of the pt
eenete ub
fas pos
he mt
\
also rehearse made ups
ys rehourse y
Sometimes if a
the action Is so
so all day.
The players
and in casinme
hh full scenic ¢
t
'
it suggests itself to the
Fy
«| players prom nily, the stage manages
ridinds that afte: running the peaple
although tie scene only two or three r light, the play
‘ 3 cone is never more than fers are isi in the siaeate withour 2
© ve of three tisvutes lone—they are ex s nis eaten inside the theatre.
[PHOTOCOPY]
woe BA eee ee
—_
W. BE, GILMORY,
PROM. AND
SCI
, Maan, ) FP RANDOLPH,
HI : y EDGAR W, DENNISON,
COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT
NATIONAL PHONOGRAPH CoO.
: ORANGE, N. Je
MANUPACTURING AND INSTALLING
APPLIANCES FOR THK
EDISON COMMERCIAL SYSTEM Canta ADNAN
MOTIC, NEW YORK"
MUCKETARY,
TRADE MARK
OQ Edinon. TUSIN
CONDUCTRD wrrit Tun
o PHONOGRAPH NEW YORK OPricK,
ot UNION SQUARE
Pw York,
——_—~-
The Edison Commercial Phonograph. :
Tho" Mellor Suelo Store, the popular | THE BUSINESS PHONOGRAPH
‘ musie dealers of Pittsburg, has installed
ae a ee ee ernie eho: | Edison’s Remarkable Invention Will
der nd ’ . 7
eerern te. Phonograpne, manutactured Be Used I Mele oe
urpones, vari
features connected “with ti whieh, make . ness Department,
it especially adapted for. speedy commer-
clal work and has all the latest inven: The Edison commercial system, con-
tions and skillful machanisms invented nected with the business phonograph, tho
by that groat electrician, Mr. Edison. latest and one of the most remarkablo
This Phonograph Js handled by tho Na- venti of Thomas A. Edison, waa
yonet tl ese neh oirie on Pluabure = yesterday’ {nstalled in tho business de-
‘4 v" nm i.
how ee geese ne e partment of the C. C, Mellor Company
at 519-321 Fifth avenue, The first an-
nouncemont mado of this latest invention
erences aa gees as we was_on July 1, and Pittsburg and
STAI KIEAa BLANAR tho Mellor store have the distinction of
NEW BUSINESS PHONOGRAPH, giving the new system Sts Introduction to
the business world, Tho system consists
. , : ‘ “ of the {mproved business Phonograph,
ve B : js practica m y
The C.-C. Mellor Co, First to Install whieh ast Aan Le
o*4ne' Edison Commercial System. nary for dictating and transcribing busl-
A private demonstration was given yess ness letters, és f i.
terday of Edison's Intest Improved bust- abe Etlton, commerce ae ear aye one
ness phonograph at the Mellor Music ontay hold bi the Natfonal Phonograph
Stores, Fifth avenue, Messrs. Hibbard Company. ‘Tho machines will shortly bo
and Durand, of the National Phonograph put on tho market. N. & Durand, man:
company, showed by practierl demon- of th ne any, adlbbard, n Nitaburg.
stration the advantages of the new de- 9 ca =
vices, consisting of an improvement in the
uutomatic recorder und, reproducer. by
Which tha person dictating can Instantly
mitt DI 'S NE ;
fontenten nnd worda “repeated,” Another EDISON’S NEW
nnov see repent 6 ’
ea eset etotmn“ine| BUSINESS PHONOGRAPH,
“re eH ' pastes
cylinder instantly. There ‘are but a few The Wleat Onen ty Vittaburg Pure
of tho new features that have been per- chaned by C. C. Metior oy WI
fected and make the Edison Business - The ni Ea Sore: Mle
_ Phonograph tho neceasity that is recog- t ow Edison business Phonograph
nized by great as well as small commer- . i* now -perfected and the compuny will
celal houses. As a means of quick and shortly open an office tie Pliteburg. ‘he
effective disposition of a large volumo of C. CG, Mellor Co., Ltd., have Just Installed
correspondence in short tlmo it Is unsur- five of the pertected’ mach nes and the
passed. improvementa that have been added to
Several large local manufacturing con- |; It make dt almost indiapenyablo in a buay
cerns are placing orders for machines, }' office, Tho simpllelty of the machine
which have only been on the murket {j makes it posalble to operate (ttt onec.
sineq July 1 ‘ talowue and full in formation. will be
- sah <i orwarded on request to Natlonal Phono.
rane pea, Commerciat Department,
WN. dey Ue . New York:
SL Union squar York-Ontteo, {
. ‘TRKAKUNER,
TERUIPRN, '
_—
[PHOTOCOPY]
Ss
i Subwav, According to Thomas
Is Not Guarded Against Explosions
SLbiss
EE ee
CT
Bae eee
tees
ape acai iy /
ss maf Phere CoryRiant™ *& 2 5 caer
Thottas AEDIson Be ra cnn es ey TCOLA:TESLA: porepers
a Fj iS i . OveR Ninoy
ey
; BY THOMAS A. EDISON. —-
yeah ates
danger in the presence of sewer
_ and illuminating gas in the tun-
nel. I am not prepared to say whether i ; Y
the Subway walls are sufficiently airtight if we" are to Place | th in’ f
to prevent such gases flowing into the forecasts of, Com ner: kley, whe
tunnel, but if water can seep in, and i ought to know, ‘floa may be expected
current reports are to be felied upon, ites to happen frequent! luis deplorable
is certainly ‘possible for gas from a leak- = — that such an import pioneering \enter-
ing main to find a passage into the Sub- prise should have ‘bed treated with su
way. iia eae espa te gross neglect in a mi
é ital feature, No’ 5,
Should ‘sufficient city or sewer gas”
“is neither air nor. y
opportunity was gif} the men <who
F * : = should f
SD Conair ee ie Ey ? sone! n *practicabl retenling of ‘such
mate ,
to cause an explosion,” the, a would * This exlamity Lest the po
z d “iy This “calamity lies} the possibility of |
probably extend over five hundred or a," generaliig an explo formation’ by de-”
Q “line composition and thihermic dissociati PY zag ig Des
tnuind yards Folwing he Tee gt wae tough tet cornu ney Photograph Showing Section of the
jeast resi: aa 4 4 Bs A.
L e force would «*" "in operation. \Whatk effect of such Sl Subway il a ; ee
simply blow up the street and everything caplerion might he propery ind life if. Subway racks Laid on ‘Rock. >:
that happened to'be on ine atinr ate, :
is not agreeable to:aemp! <cof course dealing with pure hypothesis."
Pence waite be al Fa wea “What, In your opinion, should be done —~.0 ("=
§ New York's new Subway, Which has. gest -{mprovementaor: the system.” Mr, ¢ forestall such a possible calamity 2"
“been proclaimed the ‘Kreatest’ eN- Edison “spoke sldy “and “emphatically. “T have not gone into the matter suffi-
t2 Gy gineering. performance of (the 85¢ “Thera is undoudtiy a possible danger in ciently,” he replied, “to venture a preven-
‘a volcano masking death end destriction the presence of s¢> dnd Mluininative gas tive other than the obvious. ones. sor
“of a wholesale and terrible nature? Will in the tunnel," Fcontinued..““I-am not course, the Subway cannot be watched too
New York be shaken some dsy—4ny, mo- prepared to eay xther the Subway ‘walls closely for the formation. of Ras pock-
ment in fact—by an explosion ‘bestde which are sufficiently tight) to ‘prevent ‘such ets. Then, and here also Is a simple remedy.
~;the accumulated horrors of centurles my gaseroy.(ring Inthe tunnel, but it water for the deficient circulation of ale now be-
pale Into comparative {nsignificance?Is ‘can‘ep in -and4turrent reports are to be Ing complained of; it should be oa’ stmple
‘astor?..-co & isea forming a picket ad:
Following the » alarming prediction ofno {tunnel ‘alr In:tuch a ¥
Nikola’ Testa that the recent flooding of tra” very’ ‘conslderablj explosion
2 + enhwav -aa_a_calamity_apt to be repeat ploston, Jn fart. aa xq -79d abont as occur-
ould ‘be ‘concrete. 3
Should Be‘Better Atr Circulation.
It, In other words, trae that our twenty- rel! upon, its entalnly posstble for a8 matter to Install fans and alr) circulators S
one ‘miles “of underground railway. arc as. tres leaking malnito S a a*passage into such as are successfully sed In mines. But, §
0 hotbed where 200,000,000 lives are sbelng -t)Subway. dpe Sener ees to my’ mind, the, most serlous defect In the RY =
annually shepherded ‘towant imminent dis- There ‘aleo ts che -Mk bway to-day 1s (the, { S1t Sys
tho; gravel | Qoorh
¥)
aes. >
iS RS
=
{ 7
rents now used in operating cars, !s lable
to occur, no less an authority than Thomas
Alva Edison declares the possibility, even
probability, of such a catastrophe occurring
from other causes. y
Much Room for Improvement.
Seated in the handsome drawing room of
his New Jersey residence. the Sage of
Liwellyn Park prefaced his statement by
» saying that the men who bullt the Subway
certalnly Improved on many features of
both the London and Paris underground
railways. *
“But,” he continued, “there {s perhaps
a great deal of room for Improvement still.
I’ might also add that, In an enterprise
which s0 vitally concerns and touches
such o vast number of people as docs the
underground rapid translit system of New.
York, it is only to be expected that they
who own and run the system should do
everything within reason to contribute to
the safety, no ‘ess than the convenlence,
of !ts patrons. :
“While it Is true that hydrogen has a
peculiar capacity for exploding when mixed
‘with a comparatively large volume of alr,
{t bardly seems reasonable, as has been stat.
ed, that so much as 100,000 cuble fcet of
explosive can be formed—from that source
—before the danger might be discovered, re-
ported and presentive measures taken. Rut,
of course, the bare possibility of such a
calamity canuot be denled—to which ex.
tent we may safely agree With the author
of the statement (Nikola Tesla) that the
erect such an explosion would have on
fe and property would not be pleasant
to contemplate.”
“Do you, then, ste no special danger of
fn gaseous formation in the Subway of such
volume and quality as to cause an explo-
sion?" : . ¢
“Yes, emphatically, “and It ts pecullar
that no mention has been made of it by
those who are prone 0 criticise and sug-
[PHOTOCOPY]
siderably to the (anger. besides bel
a de
5 wuatter between co)
menace to the healt of Subway patrons. there {sg at present no possible way of eras-
“Would such apfexplosion as you men. Ing or eradicating {t."_
tion be A repetitios\—in effect—ot the Park
Avenue tunnel tragtly?” was asked.
‘As for the alr?”
“It ‘Is, of course, disagrecably . warm,
“Not exactly," wis bis reply, “though on largely owlng to the greater molsture un-
much’ the same orde}, The Park avenue ex- derground—humldity, as we say. But, with
plosion was, of cotrse, duc to dynamite, a flooring that could be flushed. dally,
Dynamite {ts a’far thore concantrated force thereby stifling the spread of germs, the
than would be expfosive gas, for instance. present atmospheric conditions are’ not
Should suffictent city or sewer gas creep necessarily unhealthful, In my opinion. It
into the Subway and so amalgamate with requires three or four days for a change
atmospheric conditions there as to cause an above ground to be communicated under-
explosion, the area ‘would probably extend ground, but even then there Is only four or
over five hundred or a thousand yards—five sl¢ degrees difference in temperature.
“On the other hand,” concluded the
sclentists, “the Subway’ can never be Ilke a
“While the gas people are rather careful cellar or cave, because of the enormous con-
hundred or a thousand yards of scorching
and rending fame, of course. ~
‘View Showing Large Spaces at Subway Stations.
about leakages Jn the mains, since the loss
of such gas {s‘abtolute, It cannot be denled
that there Js a great and constant leakage,
particularly Jn tye lower part of the city,
And I ought’to know, for J'ye spent days
and nights dowa there wrestiing with the
problem. .~ “* : ‘
“A great many chanses and removals of
the mains and wire ducts were made as the
Subway was balldiog, and unless the tunnel
walls are absolutely airtight there !s, to re.
peat, every Jdkelihood of such outside gas
penetrating {3to the tunnel.” 5
“Would such &n explosion be powerful
enough to ugdermine downtown. skyscrapers
bordering the Subway?" ;
“Only at actual exploston could thor-
oughly determine that: but, in my opinion, » p
the explosive force would travel up and
down the tunne] from 200 to 500 yards each
way, snd then, folluwing the Mne of least
Teststance, Would simply blow up the street
and everything that happened to be on It.
In other words, the explosive agency would
rise rather than spread out, and that would
probably prevent a catastrophe such 8
would” be terrible ‘to contemplate, ‘albelt
quite disastrous enough, But, aa vat. ma am
EEN WT US RENAE NG TURDS AE GREK
5 = ons x
* Photograph Showing How the Gas and Water PipetVere Laid in the Subw:
AS caer. . ED
Here alton
mint
it Me
ASIST
1
centzation of motrve-etectrical Power there
7h Dower which constantly generntes heat.
.et us only hope that the movement of the
= trains will suffice to keep the alr sufficiently
in clrcufation to prevent 2
sae ts ings and that, fa Mie rreenntlinn
desta a tiny ath taken to remedy such
cola Tesla, when seen b: b
tive of the Hearst papers.” relterates bla
Bnd septate cee prenent conditions, floods
probate, were not only Possible, bug
[sls
Clippings
1906
- First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885.
Now...
seaeeeneoneee
From the
frets
[he c@
a i. Y Pabare
EB 2 *906 \
Engineer, Formerly with Edison,
. Says He Flew,
{By Telegraph to The Tribune.}. -
Allentown, Penn, Feb. L—Calvin T. Fried, for
many years.a mechanical-enginees_with-Fhomes
;A. Edison, and o resident of this place, has
ted<a flying machine Which he operated -
| Succosstully to-day at a private test several ;
miles from here. !
Mr. Fried says he had his machine under per- ;
fect control. In going against the wind, he!
i thinks, the trial was especially satisfactory, *
: The flyer is an aeroplane, turbines running the.
! Propellers, Mr. Fried says he has obtained ab- F
i Solute inertia in the afr, and that the waste of:
Power applied Js less than the seventh decimal :
of 1 per cent. :
———
ee
i leas = Roe sat
STILL ANOTHER FLYER.
he
[ea Tol he measure
First, Best and Larges
| INCORPORATED ‘1885,
No....cessesee
Bop sissvissoressicssevtet davies
From the
joe es
i WEsTBaoapway
NEWYORK CITY
rate (gy
uurecs®!
From
1 Y american.
S Fee 2 1908
AIRSHIP BUILT LKE
~ABIRD REALLY FLIES
Former Co-Worker with Edison’.
Tests Flying Machine...
ai Allentown,
—_—_—
Allentown, Pa, Feb. dein t prellutnars
experiment bere today a new fsfnug ma.
‘ehine, tutte by Calvin f. Mrled, proved
j fuecessfun, Mev Fried moved, here ‘Inst
rafter a serview of fifteen Tears as
thanleat engineer with ‘Thomas A. Eadie
fegn ut tas Grange, No Land nce tay |
‘given ble ontire Mention to the perfeetion
fat nly muehine, a ,
Por the testlug of a machine that wi;
Fears two wen, Mr. Fried rigged a plate
“form nety here, The muchive ty easily eo: .
'trotled, Oylng against the wind 4s, steadily!
us from It. er 1
' “The acromane ls 48 toot Jong. It devel. }
Oped a Mftlng power of 509 pounds und de-j
veloped iw oxpecd of 14 feet per secoud, ‘or’
TRearly ten niles an hour," sald Mr Fried, |
[dt behaved Ike what It wus deslzued tor—
iw perfectly constructed mechaulesl bird:
“It worke best when the planes reachec
‘Ab itnele of 21 degrees, when there wug o
Tperfeer equltlrlum, It made several miles
PWith perfeet vase and returned to the start
Ung point. as destred, 1 will make g Dubtic.
[test tu about tiftceu days," Pat teen
} The machlue ts in etreutar Aeroplane, '
Utialne the turbine principle without thet’
waxte of an lots of energy. Centritugal.
jforee ts employed und the whole mez
chonism hay been developed te such “art
exient that absolute tnertls dn ole buf
1 uttained. The waste of power appline
dbs the seventy deci
of 2 per cent,
|
“INCORPORATED, (885,
i © Nosccseseee
From the |.
ont Pg @
cits
“NEWYORK (ITY.
JN: YY, Tribune:
ARR Be A906. . '
ae is
ee ‘oRdtson, and} threo Sphonosraphtey
‘pa ten selfs nie Inven ta ‘will soon’: the” ‘eatlegla
ito’ Augtgre “John +A toes hi coma
United ‘on trout’ Ce
a
jomna A. Edinon, the dlaon: 1 Phono:
any. the Edtron Phonagraph:
wand’: the, ier nat Phonograph Company. Therotis
nrplveaprababiy: $6,000,000 or $8,000,000,,""The grounda’
‘au ee infringement,” trespai nd Curae
of itho plaintitt's right *25 URI
Re Haeel,"in the! "Onitea' Baton
iGourytdveiagd. in tayor’ of ‘the’ ‘nlalntttt, Sat
United state Clreult’,Cour!
any: ‘ago‘vanfirmon the deciafo;
te The! eftent, f\tho‘ sult Is. that | nelth
nor? hhy ater are: ‘permitted ’
rite. State, ‘ands
Ht
New ‘York Phonograph?Compafi paid?
; $250, 000 sole rights! of. the: machine! in’ Ne |
[xork Seta\giin thors days. it:ts' sald!!thel Edison
[coer rpi receiving part. of/;tholr: hwpkeptiiny
stock’ in “phonograph venture.” But‘the’ Hine
i ’ ind pitty
alleged ‘thing; the Ldtson’ company, ‘despite /its
Feract,' entered ‘the fleld of the. plaintitt..;'r
lea Jd" that 'the ‘terms ofthe: agree
0:
straining them, rer poly
or auppllpa te 1M. On
Facets to the nuit there have. bee pen nba, ida
‘thtas and. other ditlen-, oft ‘thi Atala! nya ida iiee
{ peinystn tho; slot ;chéabilahmnenth \wehere :thbip!
harapha.are cused, The proprietors!or*t enn | DIAG
fare ‘also, afvocted by tho dectston of the’cotrt:, and
‘muat’ forthwith Day, a Icenso fée, for: 'parmisatoat
‘Mo-continue the tise of the phonographs’ not pti
io from the ‘Now York Rlonogenph. . Company}
por discontinuo. thelr uno, { ay
jon to Impose a tax on every ‘machine used’, tor’ |:
Lbublic entertainment.” It dn catimated that; there}
1ate nhout olght thousand: fn -use ‘In, the automatic!
theatres in: this state, Mrs Hyman has “sont ‘by!
( repintered’ mail (othe propriators of thonsu’ ostab-:
idishments caples of the court's order, and ‘they,|'
“wilt be ‘compelled either to pay tho Iicense fee’ or j
quit: bueiness.. Mr, Hymnan's income: from’: thie | H
{,wource. will-reach nenrty $100,000 0 year,‘ *
—
|
Systemic teh,
THE MANHATTAN
Press Clipping Bureau
ARTHUR CASSOT, Proprietor
2 West 14th Strect, N. Y.
NEW YORK PARIS LONDON
Paper ‘riba ne
Oity ‘Tt eat York ;
Date State N Y
‘Th Faison : and ‘threo. soho api
pila invention: will soon ‘ba’ aeciee
Le “hy ' tha’ Ne
nyfagatiiad
ane ‘ aly BOEcEr neni
ved ri bably’ $6,000,000 or. $8,000,600,,
f mn uithoZaule were’ Intringemont, trespass: Law!
i ah inyaston tthe. ‘plaintitt’ ‘rights, 4 is
Judge\Jobp “R.' Hagel,’ in-ithe United! Bta’
Suits Court tdeotded,"in. favor: a ae
¢,
Nad the: dectalon.’ re ay sh
ited! Staten Clreutt! Cotirt-
Hagoteont
‘ult Is that nolther: breharey
Tare permitted. Alreatlys ae
fs) manteh?
s:
In thoso days, it ta ‘ani Moral
A ero. ‘ recelving part ‘of thelr: ‘wages, ny
‘iatook : inithoephonograph venture: But’ ithe: ‘pl 0D
; sraph’ beoame populnr,: the ‘sales arew,
,olexod.ithat* the. Edinon company,’ tlenplta\ tte ‘¢
tract, ,ontercd : thos fleld of “the” -plalnttet, the Sd
it tendants’ sald that: tho * terme fof the” ‘ngreema!
“dudge,t nat, however, innued a writ of, ‘Ingun
Laue ind ddrandants, restrainiiz: them rom
iin’ or Heaning? mactil iN
oy the making. of ‘the contract hetwai
gtworpartios to the Ault: there have: heal: opened: In
iat dad, other.-citlén of, tile, .btate * Alinfireds dee
in tho Alot ‘establishments’ where “the in
hs: ard dised. | The * propriotors ot’ thene’'p! laces,
‘Affected by the decision ‘of the’ court,’ anal
yi ‘forthwith payin Ucerian’ ten ‘for bermisalon:
ito ‘éontinue the use of tho, phonographs! noti pure,
‘chased'from tho’ New: York Phonograph: Company, }
bor? dlscontinin thelri use. t
{Thay tattoy; company has given to Samuel Mi Hye.
lawyer, at? No. 903 Broadway, tho “conceded
“Impose. a, tax'on every machine nga “to
fpub le “atiterthininent.: It ts .eatimated ‘theres
Free fabpyt ‘aint, thousand Jn use tn ‘the somnatios
pene gn ithig ‘atnte.), Mr. “Hyman: Ans aent ‘by!
mall tothe proprietors ‘oft these -entab-;
* tha, court's “order,” ‘and they’
‘compelled elthor toi pay'thol license’ tee or
elnens, “Mr! Hyman's“1ncomo from: this
Taauree’ “wil: reach nenrly $100,000 a venr, ,’
i
i
|
i
Ry
ty
14 yp. Pie Drip
Cs rere s
“NEW EDISON POWER PLANT
Rapldly Approaching Completion—Covers 18
Acres of Ground—Regarding the Equipment.
The work of erecting new concrete buildings
for tho entire Edison works at Orange, N. J., has
been golng on steadily for some time past. It Is
now about finished, and the long Hne of white
walls spread out over more than elgliteen acres
of ground presents an appearance not unlike
that of some great fortress.
One of the last buildings to be completed was
the voller house. This is 85x69 ft. and fs a
model in design and equipment, Three Climax
{tubular boilers have recently been put In—two
of 750 h.p, and one of 500 hp. This makes
seven boilers altogether, with a total capacity of
3400 hep. :
In the engine house, which adjoins the holler
house, a new 1,500-h.p, Allis-Chalmers vertical
cross compound Corliss engine has just been in-
stalled. A special feature of this remarkable
plece of machinery {fs a threewlre generator,
which produces 4,000 amperes of 250 volts in
one side and 125 in the other, The entire on-
gine, which weighs in the nelghborhood of 100
tons, rests upon a foundation of solid concrete.
Added to the previous equipment of ono Alls,
one French and one Arrington & Sims engine,
this brings the capacity of the power plant up to
2,860 h.p., and places it in the front rank of the
world’s great manufactories, Powor ig here gen-
erated for the entire Edison interests, which
take up fourteen acres of floor space and In-
chide the Edison Phonograph Works, the Na-
tlonal Phonograph Record Works, Edison Jabora-
tory, Edison Kinetoscope and Film Works, Ed-
ison Storage Battery Plant, Bates Numbering
Machine Works and the office buildings and elec:
tric light, elevator and pumping systems.
Dp
ito b
“Wo. fag .- Alen,"
” PROMINENT EDISON OFFICIAL DEAD.
Wm. 8. Logue, who had been identifled with the
Edison interests In varior7 capacities for twenty
years, died at Chicago, whire at na time he was
manager of the National Phonograph Co.’s branch
office, Wednesday week, aged fifty-five years. He
was buried in Baltimore, Md.. Saturday last, with
fasonic honors, the aeceased having been an
Alpe meer of tirat order and (he Lika. Ady: ‘s
ek
those present at the funeral were F. K, Dolbeer,
manager credit department ot the National Pho-
nogtaph Co,, Edison Mfg. Co., and the Bates Mtg.
Co.; C, H. Wilson, manager of sales; Wm. Pelzer,
of the legal department, and W, C. Patrick, of the
Chicago office of the National Phonograph Co,
Mr, Logue was formerly manager of the Edison
Phonoplex telegraph system at the Orange, N. J.,,
works, subsequently In charge of the National,
Phonograph Co.'s Chicago branch, then manager}
of the Edison Mfg. Co.'s battery department, and
tate manager of the Bates Mfg. Co,, and was con: |
aldered a business man of extraordinary ability |
and_force of character.
eee
ore,
[PHOTOCOPY]
THOMAS A, EDISON AUTOMOBILING TO THE cOUTH,
{t is undoubtedly true that the average person
evinces ag great an Interest In the private Ives and
doings of prominent men as in their publle labors and
Successes. For, naturally enungh, aw knowledge of
the more intimate personal characteristics and a closer.
view of the life at home, at work, or at letsure appears
to bring the celebrity closer to us and to make his
achievements appeal the more strongly to the indi:
vidual.
The accompanying photographs of Thomas A, Edison
show the dean of the Inventors of
America, {€ not of the world, in sit:
uations that are as Interesting as
they ure unconventional, ‘They
were taken during a yacation trip
planned some time ago and carried
out recently, Lt is not strictly cor.
rect to Mite this automobile
fon, for the word ya-
cation’ is almost unknown to the
great “electriciin whose working
dys often last for elghteen or twen-
ty hours, And even In this instance
the vacation tour was undertaken
with a view to study and investiga-
tlon, and the causes that gave rise
to it were these: For the last few
years Edison has been working
steadily and enthusiastically at his
alkaline storage battery, and while
he has succeeded in developing a
cell that is decidedly superior to
the lead accumulator for many pur:
buses, &@ great deal still remains to
ye accomplished before his success:
am be called complete. In the
Course of his investigations Edison
bas employed and tested a Great va-
rely of different. metals, and among
these recently was cobalt. As this
Inetal is comparatively rare, and
consequently expensive, the Inven-
tor has been on the lookout for pos-
sible sources of cobalt-bearing min-
crals which woul make it. better
available for his purposes,
It was reported that cobalt ex-
Isted in considerable quantities in
the neighborhood of Charlotte, N.
C., and thereupon Edison dispatch.
ed three prospectors to search
through this region for the metal,
Favorable reports having been re-
ceived from these investigators,
Edison determined to see for him-
self whether or not the reports.were
Warranted, and so undertook this
trip. For several years past the in-
yentor has been an enthusiastic wutomobilist, iit he
decided to make the journey from his home in Orange
to Charlotte by means of his two White steam cars
with which he last year accomplished the Glidden
tour, though in a reverse direction from that taken by
the various contestants. He strongly favors the steam
thine for‘long and rough trips, and declares that it
fs far superior to the gasoline car for such purposes,
The * cotisisted of Edison, his son Chi
a Mr. Miller, tn/one ear, and two lhiboratory assistants
incthe second car, ‘The machine driven by Edison was
in the usual condition for touring with tonneau and
Cape cart top. The tonneau of the second machine,
however, was removed and replaced by a box-like struc.
ture in which was packed a complete camping outfit,
a
‘The Press Photo Co,
‘The Press Photo Co, The Socond Car Carrying the Luggage.
baggaue, movisious, fee at ptraddl amount of laboratory
Apparatus for use in mineralogical Investigations,
Needless to say, provision was made for the repair of
almost all possible injury to mechanism or tires, The
tourists, of course, encountered tire troubles, but there
were practically no difficulties with the engines, That
the trip was rather strenuous will be understood by
all chose familiae with the roads In that section of the
South traversed by the tourists, The departure from
Orange was made on May 16 and from there the route
lay through Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington,
Copyright 1906 by the Press Phata Co,
Mr. Edison Taking a Nap Durmg a Noon Halt.
860-4) - °
Br rn coc inty
De err
Leaving Washington by the Chain Bridge
through the Shenanduvah Vittey, over the mountains
across Virginia, into North Carolina to Charlotte. The
Shenandoah Valley and mountain trip ig one that is
hot often undertaken, for the roads are usually un-
speakable. Edison, however, revels in a tour of this
Kind and thoroughly enjoyed even the most dificult
portions of the journey, Fortunately the weather was
uniformly good, and rain and inud were not ‘added
diMeulties. Gasoline was easily procurable along the
route, and no trouble was encountered in supplying ‘the
engines with the water avatlable,
Edison ts Unquestionably one of the most tinassume-
ing and democratic of our Breat men and he makes
a splendid companion for such a trip. He sturdily ob-
jects to posing for pictures however, and the accom-
AWE: se) see eT gear e set : i
THOMAS A, EDISON AUTOMOBILING TO THE SOUTH,
[From Scientific American, vol. 94 (June 2, 1906)]
PAUSINS phelograpa us iuy : i
during a noon rest near Leesburg, Va. tt ix Ved
the first of, Edison taken under such clrem
The {dea appeals to us as rather novel; our cont
of Edison are usually of the inventor us Very
awake" Wherever necessary the tourists
alongslile the road and only availed themsy hing
tels or inns where such were reached Without 4,
Tt is not the intent of the party fo retiuyn in thy
manner, The machines will be shipped nes
after a stay of several weeks in the reston y
. Charlotte the party vill Bley
rail,
A‘Stop Near Loesbarg, Va.
—=—
[PHOTOCOPY]
igs
ag
tp
Copyright by the Press Photograph
Mr, Edison utilizing his Camp Cot for a Wayside Nap near Leesburg, Virginia =
. Q
Edison and his Party on the Chain Bridge leaving Washington for Lecsburg, Virginia; Mr. Egison is in the Centre; on his
= Right is his son Charles; on his Left, his tico Laboratory Assistants
EDISON’S QUEST AND HIS TRAVELLING LABORATORY
Thomas_A..Edison has gone to Charlotte, North Carolina, to investigate some reputed discorcrics of cobalt, the mincral achich,
it ia suid, ix essential to the perfecting of the new storage battery which Mr. Edison has been acorking upon for so long, and
thich, it is expected, will revolutionize the commercial ise of electricity, Mr. Edison travelled from his home in Orange, New
Jersey, to North Carolina by automobile, His party, consiating of his son Charles and tico of his laboratory assistauits, made
the journey in tico steam automobiles, onc of tchich twas supplied iith a fully cyuipped laboratory in charge of capert chemists
——
=
igh:
in iin Way to Polk’ County,
Special to The News, ohn
: -Rutherfordton, June 122Mg, Thomas
‘Ad Baison, the great In vcrvbaaipaalelilaggt
Sremmnrnierpeycoompantet by q party
‘composed Nis son Charles: Hdlson;
‘son-Indaw, Mr. John Muller, ayd twa
fother “s itTeyhen, ho hanes “of Ww
wo failed to get, pissed’ through Tun:
orfordton Saturday eventng en rpute to
Polk county, where he will make’ a
thorough search for the mineral, .co-,
belt. He comes here from Gaston and:
‘Lincoln counties, whero he has been,
ifor the past week or ten days ‘on tho;
“samo mission, After spending; a fow
“days fi Polk county, ho will make an
‘extensivo trip through Henderson, Bun
comhe,; Mitchell and other counties in
‘the wertorn part of the State, ind then
ft. Kentucky and Tennessee before re-
turning to, his home.’ {se
Pa At was nol until noon that the people
hid town knew that Mri Edison
and party would pass through here: He
came by way of Henrietta, andjat that
point he phoned Mr. Robt. Haynes, of
the Haynes Bottling Works, for a Bttp
‘Ipy of &asolino for his two Intge auto:
ne ee ‘which the party wag travel
ing, Thatpeople thus hearing the news
that thiy distinguished: eltizon: was to
pass through, crowded the streets in
large numbers, At 2 o'clock tho party
arrived, and’ after: spending an hour
‘or mory taking on fuel for tho large
touring {cars and chatting with citizens,
the party resumed thelr journey. Mr.
Edigon [s a pleasant ‘and most agreea-
ble * geneman -and~ our -people ‘fecl
honored by. having’ such a disfinguish-
ed visitor in our midst, even for so
short a timo,
STAN
Fe thig week. Presidcat D. M,
{Campbell of the. Standard Consolidated
‘Mines company, imparted tho highly
important Information that a contract
jhad | been closed between the company
and Prof. Thomas. A, Edison, the
fworld's great Inventor, for the cobolt
output: of the mine, Mr, Campbell.
stated ‘the, contract was for-as great:
a quantity as the company cared to’
deliver, thus assuring a provision for:
‘the cobalt output as long ay the com-,
pinyfdestres, 7
iin ‘the letter Mr. Campbell also said
tho, ‘direck for the first car of copper.
‘concentrates shipped to the Sumpter,
‘ametter. had:., been received and was
ivery satisfactory,
ro-the following ‘from an: eastern pas
iner- “WH show. that “tho output of: tha
Standard. will be:in’ gsrent demand ‘and
cits future success Is virtually uzsured,
‘au finding a near. and profitable market
forthe cobalt product’ was the De. do-
aidoratum:
Ashgyliie, N. c—ithomas AL Baléon;
who iPhore on & prospecting tour, says’
he has made some wonderful discover-
jes of cobalt, and says: “E whl reduce.
the welght of storage battorics in auto-:
moblles 50 per. cent, and the cost of
traffic In citics 65 por cent. There‘ig a
strenk- of cobalt In thls state which I
have found... My discovery ‘means a:
revolution in the cleetric ‘world. ‘Tho,
electric “vehicles havo, been undor a
great handicap hecauss.of the < very
heavy, storage batteries, When Ijcan
equip: an-automodilo propetied by: the
cobalt system the welght will be pno-
halt, thereby glving the new machina
an enviable advantage over the ones.
dn use, and whon tho price is reduced
80. asito place them within the reach:
‘of ‘overybody it’ meanstat the “horse.
ia a thing of tho:past, I am fully con-
fident What, Ihave found ‘here will en: |
DARD CONSHLDATED ISTO:
SUPPLY EDISON WITH COBALT
able, ma to start out on tho work ‘of
new “Vehioles propelicd by cobalt bat-
terles, ‘Most of tho, cobalt now-known
to ‘the sclentists of the world ts found
in France and Australia, and American
Industries are hampored bocause.of the
Alitdnee it {a from: tho manufictorios,"
ecenereeniinte eee ae
timpter, Ore. July 9—In a letter to
(Fob Ore Mitkeg
Easton, Pa, - Wkly, Call
* Edtso, Fihds Key to Cheaper Autos,
| eee ia ag thick ‘und an. rich in,
North Carolina as 7 beti
the weight of storage latteries im: amto-,
mobiles fifty per cent and? the cost at
traffic in cities fifty-five per conte}. s.,
thomas AV Kdison,.thy ard afer
trick’, inventiotis;
ft hot ni
Ne is ae naa sta
Yoented enongh of “the mineral. to. at arilé
the ‘electrien) world, “Te says tlint" ‘he
knew that the valuable ore existed ‘in
thege mountains, but he did not. expeet
to find it in anh large quantities or
80.qich in quality.
“There is,” isnid he, “a streak of ‘cor
balt running from a point just east: of.
Nashville, ‘Teun, into this ‘state, and
of the richest beds I have found
peen in North Carolina,
am pleased with the South, ‘and 17
believe the discovery of cobalt will mean
additional prosperity>to its people.
Mr. Edison, Frederick Ott, John Mil-
ler, Lwo experts on minerals, from the
Orange, N. 1, luboratory, and | John
Morris, a battery expert, lefts New York
‘city,-May 10, in two, large White Sten:
Asheville, NG. - ~ Gazette
co bk Oy
to eauanat Toxaway ao
ispeciat to the Cinzette-News. ;
Toxaway ‘Inn, Lake Toxaway, N.'C.,
Hune’ &.—Thomas fA, Edison and purty”
tare at 'Toxrway Ton,
¢ Me idigan and party made the jour-
ney from Mr. allson's home in Gimnge,
Nwd, hy automobile and have bean In
the exstern part of North Carolina ‘pros.
peeting for cobalt.
fylends with him are charmed with tho
Mr, Edison and nis’
beauties of ‘the Beautiful Sapphire’
Country,
Judge White, United States Supreme
court Judge,, and “Mra. White: arg, nt
Toxaway ‘Inn, ; ‘
8
er nutomoabiles, and eame direct lo.
“Western “North Carolina, They. were
‘equipped vith. cl g-ontfit. and ase
anypra appratua ated have been In: the’
‘rural distr’ lets alce their arrival here. *,
TUN Ta pbs
‘LOOK PART IN) FHI’
GHT; STANDING, 1s MIS,
Writes 1a! iSong ‘for: Dance lat
Oak Place. Private: School
; and Then Publicly. Dances
to Music, i
“As You Like It” was repeated sate
lurdny afternoon’ at! Oak’ Place pri+
Yate'school, /'Tho school is conduct=
ed by Miss Grace Miller and! Miss
{Grace C. Waymouth. Miss Miller, ig
a/slstor of Thos.) A, . - Edison, the
famous inventor. Miss Madeleine
| Edison, a daughter, of Edison, gradu-
jated from the’school last week, ‘One
fof) her. Presents’ was: a! $5000 cheelt
{trom ‘her father, 9 |
re ‘At ‘tho graduating exercises» last
twee the ‘play. was’ “Presented pri:
jyately.) It'was received = with BC
| much’ favor that: it! was {decide
repeat it'for the benefit’ of. th
Ne; 'The play was given\on| the) bead |
titul grotinds of. theihome | ofithejntt
Tho}tall- aires,
grant! flowors Jani
“DANCH OR iHi9! FLOWERS, ate) SECOND.
S MADELEIND EDISON, DAUGH'
BOrVOminy! seen
Were) claborate,’
The
Imogona® Conner!
rand usurper,
: oburn)) Muyeser,
) Joo-Iohnston.
Jagitos,: lord argarat ‘Alten
(Oliver; son ‘of Sir) Rowland! do Boys. yy
scpburn Musser,
fAdam} sor
\Touchstone, a? clown, re
8h cr pMartext, O° priost
‘atts, been:
pWili {amy a country
me EP
hi erto
[Phobeyia aghior ta
(ANdroy, Qvcountry
Pages; SiveeMorgatete Mai Bes! Kilo.
} |) Av charming *featuro of ) the! pro-
jgram Was the) ‘Danco’ ofitho Flow-!
jars.) The ‘characters. in’ the dance)
fwere|ns follows:!) Tho Princess)! Mise!
}Loulse:P; Greene; the Prince; Miss:
Daffodil; Mia!
Misa Helen’
ety
VAL EDISON,. |
Gonner; Swook, Pea, Miss" Harriot
Loomis; | Thly,, Migs \Margarét(Grog-
ory; the aed Su Miss-Plizabeth
Robinson; Fairy , Queen, , ties
Priscilla ‘Maen, * f
a MISS EDISON'S POEM.
“The, Dance’of' the Flowers" wag:
written by Miss Edigon and was set,
to’ music! for. this special’ Sceaslon:
ithe: song follows: ©”
ifs SL bor at thoend of ithe Tain-
5
About the ‘ale Driticens
‘ov
Adsnolt! Swhich unbreakable Boctis,
‘ana poe whio would win her MUL off
E Tints n Better than alli hor dreains,
Rifteanus:
[th ; Initrath 7 /
Binew the: Drincess) lived Lin ithe Rainbow,
——
ereentand wing a as
’ Andytho- princers's namo. waa
Nil adn ithrgradiates fal Vai
5 mihi iFahaTWellesiéy. women's: col
leges and into’ the Univ eraity of Chi-
withont . ‘examinations, Miss
Mavolelrio Batson “WIN onter Bryn
Mawr colloge,’ and Miss Fllzaboth
Robinson : will: enter ‘Wellesley this
fall! A partial Ust of graduates from
ener Ork:Plnco school who havo entered
“Down on & moss-bank lay. we ‘}well known collegos follows: Har-
Ho slept and tho f Itying bind | Y6Y Musser, jr., eon of Atty, Harvoy
gaa aad the fay queen ai ; = Mpgser, “Mohegan Lako Tnilitary
ER ara ee. .[schaol, on’ tho Hudion; Miss Bessie
Coats'at Vasaar, and Carl Loliman at
bh 3 daftaalt
Thanet ‘wuleh “owed "sat hia} St. Faul's setioo!
He eo:
{ane floworets three ot royal ‘hue,
t the prince ried bin offers:
out."
'
But pena dayra stranger came into tho ‘war
“And aot’ the mald'a toot bent, his
“Tam secking tho treasure that
tho Rainbow
¥ seo I havo found it,”? said sha,
“Indeed thous mistakest," the Indy mada
‘ anny
"And scorqtully danced Away, °
‘and ths ineltiont prince at length dishoart.
1 Aad y of gllatening
were ebt' hb
Pitt Ratice Piindbés shook her'head, ee
[x4 stately imngnifcouce tempted. hor: Dot,
th im he brought her @ rove. thas was,
‘Then\ullently gave her hand,
V And ae red, red rose whose name’ In
uve"
Lod thy way to a fairor lang,“ S
1. GOING 210 BRYN MAWH. :
1 Certificates trom Oak Plecé school
(ag tho prlngess looked at Lim yiotdiagty!
— Great: Inventor ‘Discusses
coi iyHickman Cobalt’
IS PLEASED WITH PROSPECT.
i . , FS Phy Os hie
Quality. of Mineral Good ‘and Indicatio: 3
Point to Sufficient. Quantity—-Declares
‘That State Needs.Good Roads and In.
F Proved ‘Methods. of Farming, : :
NE eH Re RL pe cr, yn
Thomas A. Edison, tho greatest Inventor
that the United atates hing known. during
j the -pust. two. deenden, spent. ‘Wednesday:
{ night: in. Nashvitie, Mr, Edlson,- accom-
;Panted by his brother-in-law; J, Vi: Mitler;t
Of Oranges No“. arr! ved in the ‘city - st!
8: o'clock" Wednesday night’ from Hick-:
man‘ County, “where he has, been: for ithe:
“past .three or four | days cinvestigating:
cobalt deposits, and’ he. will ‘eave’ this:
; Morning at 7:60 o'clock for New York: by
Way of: the Loutaville & Nashville Rail-
road to'Cinctnnatl, ©... + ea)
Like all truly great men, Mr. Edison Is:
one of.the most approachable and agree."
‘able of persons, simpte In hla habits,
Jannors nnd conversntion.: Ho fa s res,
sfreshingly frank, direct and courteous ‘in
conversation. He Gresses very plainly and
‘his entire manner Is absolutely free from
the slightest suggestion at ostentation,
‘and to all outward appearances Mr. Edl~
-8on 18 wholly obilvious to tho fact that
whe fs one’ of the most famous.men of the
world, the greatest ‘Inventor. of, electrical
devices that the world has over Known, a,
min who is known, by reputation through-
‘out 'the length and ‘breadth of the ‘elvilized
Blobe, - as oR Sg
. One: of -the ‘crew of the train-.upon
‘which Mr. Edison arrived In Nashyitle,' in!
response to x request from the representa-
(ve of The American: for ‘na description
of.the noted Inventor that he might the
better“ fdentity him, replied: “You wil,
find tim wearing a 16-cent straw hat, well
‘tanned; a kindly ‘faced ‘old man; in ‘a
Word, ‘the last man that you Would e¢x-.
‘pect. ‘to be! one of the’ world's most’ re-
‘nowned charactors.” A fairly. accurdta
degeription of the: wizard of the wire.
The representatlva of The American found
‘Mr. Edison a ‘few Moments after his. ar-
rival leaning ‘against the ticket ‘otfice of
the Unton Station intently studying: the
Mghting arrangement, . He wag clad in
a palr. of, dark-cotorca . trousers which
savo'evidence of having scen Good sery-
fee, a Ugnt alpaca. ‘coat, 2 white. shirt’ oft
soft ‘goods,- with a rather old-fashioned
string tle. His massive head “was-covered
with a large hat of, foxible straw, s"
Tocca sa ‘FATHERLY FACE, Pere)
i Mr,. Edison has a very kindly, face,’ his
hair-ts almost: whito, and _.straigh but
he ‘dots not look a mah of 60 years, Aan
result’ of soverni Ways spent’ tn the, open
alc: his face was well, tanned, - Except ‘for
avaltght defect In-his: hearing, Mr. Edison
Jo-a8 ‘ell’ preserved:.na-the average ‘man
itwenty:- years’ his Juntor, - Being accosted
by the’ jTepresentative’of this: Papers Mr.
‘Edlson ‘vary *promp Iyiddm
+ difterpnt,!’s hei, continued,” with “a
fob
" “what” you- had, when. was, hore
BESLE, ast TY ate NL
though, that | R ' foe bullding
was painted such. a dark co OF. guage
been finished. in white with e
to ratleve the monot
yellow, Just enough : tho monot-
yn would boat lena eo
much tight, from the: same amount ‘of
electricity now used.'"), a Me ted
‘COBALT: BEDS, ee a
e6'nbout his visit to’ Tennessea,. Mr.
pain ie ra tee eae at
“of I ‘
“BE ree cert a ae
himself as being Vv 8
his investigation, Mr.
Westoseed a ies ee ote
abate tn 3a 2 :
dapasits “extending over “a largo Brea.
Howover; before masing any ievenrsienta
. “Ravo. .
tanker wether ‘Investigatlona, . In "> ort
Carolina: Mr. Falaan found. richer Hlepon i
EE ae ae aly deine Re
ye rte. took further Into the cobalt fe:
Moaits: At that. time ‘It-ta probante tha
wii make arrangements for obtain! ng
the mineral, . ainaralta! avanls
. 5 . of the- miners fn
Oey atts in exteneted by a slow Sud
vary gommuenteg sty at RE ect
i cul ] ~
peg ie obtaining te ante apart of
: «County de}
ant Hexion nowiin ‘one of quantity, and
"ae a ated, Mr. 'Edlson has little doubt t uA
the quantity Will -be -sutfictent for-practl-
ae Baal eet) 1 “wsodt ‘tor storing :elec-
t faty. “ar. dlegn 1s now devotin, smont
Orne time and talent to the. perfec a
cot an electrical storage battery webioh wilt
Fovelutionize motor power on automat
_y (Continued YF Second Page) —
; ay Se
* continued f
eaio'
_ Nashville Teun Banna
AUN a
_o INTENNESSEE
f ‘
Whos; A. Edis
Nene Ia NGS)
woo
Believes. He Hos Found Paying
Quantities of Valuable Mineral -
7a Hickman County. 7
{
TRANSPORTATION FAOILITIES. i
: 2 Edis: the groat.e)ec-.
| triclan and inventor, spent last night. at,
‘the Duncan Hote),.in this. city, ascompa-
“nied by ‘his ‘brothor-in-law, Mr.'J. V.
Miller, of Orange, N. J. ‘Those gontlomen
reached the city on tie 8:55 o'clock traln
last night, coming from Hickman County,
where Mr, Bdison has boen prospecting
for cobalt. They went immediately to the
Duncan Hotel, engaged rooms and then
went to a fashionablo uptown restaurant
for supper. They left Nashville at 7:60
‘o'clock this morning for New York. Mr,
‘Edison expressed himself as belng well:
pleased with the results of his trip South.
Mr, Edison recelved a roportor for the
Bannor in a most cordial manner and
talked freely concerning his Ipyentions
and plang. He was plainly attired jn an
ordinary looking businesy sult with @
negligeo shirt and straw hat. Tho gregt’
“nvontor was sombwhat tanned as the re-
sult.of much pxposurc during tho past
tow weeks, He ip a mon of pleasant and
suming address and ‘nolthey his ap-
‘pedkance or actions ‘indicato that he is’
:Opo df the. most celebrated mon of the.
“progent day, a man whose wonderful work
‘hag made his nomg a hopschold ord,
throughout the habitable world, Hoe Js an,
.entertaining conversatiqnalist and, white|
entirely freo from all ostentation, imme:
diately impresses ono with tho fact tha’
ho’ has In. that large head of his a vast:
store of, unctul jnformation which ja ‘as:
yariod ap jt Is extensive. The ‘Wizard!
vean talk farming as well as S1ogtelel ys:
ipod evidently takos a deep Interost in the
“development of this country ‘along agri-_
; sultural 6 well o8 mworcant{ic Jines., — *
2"). Worked {n Nashville... +;
¥ WW people axe familiar with the fact,
that: Mr, Edison was for a short time e
‘gitixen of Nashville, He sald Inst nipot
‘that: he came to this ‘place forty-two
“years ago wearlng a- linen fufter: and
.easrying with him noarly al} of his
ly possessions, ‘When he roached
Olty:befound Jt full of woldle: v
en barraskh. -Ho was aiiployed here 't
whore: tioe,.a week or: morp;:ae° military
P ‘Bre Mateig ="
tolagraph.operater, pnd remembers little!
of tho town except the. state capitol, the”
architecture of which wos Indolibly im-
pressed upon his mind,.ang the fact that:
“thero was @ small river near the town,”
Mr, Edison talked aa if ho worn
somewhat . chilled physically whep
ho reuched Nashville, for when be:
arrived,” wearing his “linon duster,
“Re found two Inches of ico. on the:
und. After spending a short whilo in’
hip city, ha wont to Loulavilla, where he;
remained “for sonia weoks ‘dolng, duty ae)
press dispatch operator, . ' a
Lot ..% Finds ‘What Ho -Wanta: °'
Or, Edison stated lagt nlsht that ho, bas
been away from homo about a: month;.
raveling through Virginia, North Carov
ina and some sections of Tannessco pros
peating for cobalt, Ho traveled over tho
Blua Ridge Mountaing and aver other
fis of his route in a ftoam automor
flo, and. .talked entortainingly of. his
rip. Ho stated’ that ho, had discavernd
cobalt in North Caroling, but had not
apan evjdonce. of such abundance of thin:
yajuabh ‘mineral until ha reached Hick: |
man County, Tonn., He disaovered. thera
a fino quality of cobalt, and stated that
.thora aro evidences that it existe thero’
in great quantities, Ho has experts at
wark prospecting, and if tho deposits
provo ng extensive asx he belloves ho wit),
go to work mining on a largo scale. Mr,
Edison stated further that his mo! wil
investigate ag far west us the Teyngsaca
ire and south Into - Alabama, solos
bickward-and forward, zigezag, honlug ta,
find other deposits of this minoral, +
‘Mr, Edison exprassed himgolf og heing
woll pleased with the rosult of hig ine
yestigationa Jn Hickman Coynuty. «Mit
the dopogita of cohujt there prove to he
‘aa oxtenaivo ag Indicated,” romarkad the
great Inventor, “I will ba able to ravojye
tloniza the question of transportation in
the large clties.” Mr, Hdlgon propases
‘to uso tho cobalt in the manufacture of
storngo batlorloy, and says that: thia will
reduco tho welght of theso batterics at
Jeast 60 por cent, It will sot lowsen ‘tha
cout of storagg battoried, be ways, for
cobalt {sa very oxpopalve jastal. He says
that tho great firms in the metropolitan:
entres, somo. of who! ey, \
utomoblie ' yang. for “hauling” freight ‘of
spl. descriptions, do not step for the cost
iff tholr:npparatue, but are.nnxioud. to. se-,
7furo’ fachitios” that will- enable them "to:
janul aa much freight at p load and within
given time ag’ possible, and consequen!
ly & roduotion:in tho we)ght of'the stor-:
ago batterlen used will give these havl-:
ing vans. greater ‘spedd and enable them
to carry larger loads, .
‘Use on Stroet Cars.
Rogarding the use of atorage hattories
on atraat garg, Mr, Ndison said that clecs
tric care conatitute a very small per cont,
of the transportation facilittes::of, tha
cities, and ‘tho. traction companies; bav=,
Ing already Invosted thelr capital in tho
establishment of trolley jines, it fs not:
probeble that they would bo inctinod to
; change -to, the storage: battory system
for thair cors, In extending olactric car
Ines, however, tho uso of tho storage.
jbatteries-In which cobalt, is used would
‘materially leason tha cost of equipping
j thasa ‘naw. Nao! bag 4 Be sa
ii.Me.Hdieon. gays that’ this ‘seotlon; of
‘the United States ta not abreast of the
times inthe agrloultural methods bsod,
and expressos tho hellef that the adop-
'tlon of the systom in vogue th low; and
cather states to tho north. would ragule in
“a: materially inctenagd productlon to tho
‘neta, Ho ls an advocate of agricultural,
jeducation and oxporiment- stations: and:
fomphasized- the necessity. for good roads
‘as: fooders for. tho, Jarge cities and as:
jai materldl —bonoftt to th agelouliurat”
‘intercut ‘of ‘evory “atale.
axrlcultural dovolopment
Speaking ..ot
in, Iowa, Mr.
operate wit
Sate aid that tho ratjroads thoro co
eae to etate authorities, for
tho Cormor roallzo that by Incroasing tho
output of the farms they wilt thereby
necure an additional amount of freight to
paul over tholr lines,
Br. Edison has somo acquaintances Sn
Nashville, among thom being Mr. J. B.
Watt, the Assoctated Press operator in tha
ofice-of the-Banner, Mr. Watt anys tbat
ha worked In. the Kame office with Mr.
Halson in Cinelnnat! avout 1863, Mr. Edl>
aon having gona to that city from Loufs-
Vilte, At that timo the futuro groat ine
vontor, Mr, Watt says, spent a proat deal
of his timo experimenting and was con~
sidered to be gomawhat of a crank ulong
thia }ine. Mr, Edison then was without
means and spent most of tho salary ho
earned for purchasing ‘matorials with
whioh to carry on his varled oxperimenta,
Meo Watt ‘ways that ‘ho iw cortain ‘ho
‘would koow Mr. Iidison oven now ehould
he moet him, se . .
. Cobalt and Its Use
Much hag pacn sald of lato conceraing
t ee of cobalt for storing eloctricity.
nly about 2 per cent, of the motal. Is
araiiable for thls purpose and this Js ‘exe
tracted by a glow ond rather complicnted
process, Tho ont question that now pre-
sents fteclf to Mr, Edison concerns tho
quantity of the Hickman County do-
posits. =~ ce tina
Cobatt { a tough, lustrous, raddivh-
-white metal of the jron group, not easily
fusible and somawhat magnatic, It odours
jn naturo in combination with ardouic,
“sulphur and oxygen and Js obtained fro
Ata ores, smattlte; cobalttte and ashojtita,
‘etc, Its oxldo colors glans or any fivx, AA
‘borax, a fing biuo and {a used In the man-
‘pfacture of amalt... It Ja frequently ageocl>
ated, with nickel, and both aro charucter~
“Yatio Ingredients of moteorte fron, Cobalt
‘Ja also tho commercial name for a crude
varsenic used ap Sy polaop. :
——
M0
sriddl port be GEN
UIT OP zen
21S KELL
BY AL
oy ab West Orange
‘DIED IN HOSPITAL,
-uWJohn ‘A, Degnan,.a well
Hocat mason, was fatally: injured. Sat:
jurday morning’ by falling severar
|atories.to tho sidewntk.from a seat,
folding upon which he was workin
jon. tho now ‘five story: concrete ‘stru
‘tureiat the Edison Manufacturing/c¢
iat" West O fe J. Degnan and
Jusyfellow worker, Michael Cuoc2zxo;
of. Glen Ridge, who fellyovith hing
(werd: hurried to the Orange. Memorial
thospital, and both.died | soon
helr. arrival'at the institution,
Cause of Accident Unknow
Just how the ‘ necident occurred
iwill “never be known, and tho oMulale
fthe company aro'at a loss: f
engon. «Ten . minutes “before thoy,
started work on .the ‘scaffold;. Deg:
an,} Who was assistant foreman,, nnd;
dls" cousin, “Michaol Bicasington, ‘thol
foreman, Inspected the scaffold. Tho,
jWwalked ‘over it, and the’ examination}
fcemod ‘to’ Indicate that “It. was. sata,
Leaves: Two. Sisters Tiere. | 3
gan was 25. years of age;
asia very large and stout man. {Hal
frraa tnjured Internally. by: the fail!
nd-hiever roguined conegrousness, Ha}
Joaves. two aslstora in thie ‘elty, Mrs
Ponnis Sullivan:of) 1041", Hancock:
Avenue, -and Mra,- John Doherty,. Bust;
Balm , Streat,. with: of Jack" .Doherty,:
ormer | sccond” baseman for. ° the’
aridgeport -basoball nine. +.
zANosfunoral witl be held. tox :
pow | m rningttom=the undertaking:
riors:-ofsCullinan:’ &) Mullingysand:
from: s ; eter’ ohurchss/The AT
“nt Wein BM Ichneltaacamidtéry:tid
V: Avid#igaia
WN. 14 $368
; eh and mining. clecles: Yowntown
yesterday: were somewhat surpytyed: -but
(nore, Atmged, ovor ‘a statomont atteibated
Mother papers to” Thomas. A. Udlsou, “In
powhleh” Mee ison faa
annonvchee that he’ his
Wi th ly mineral
Taboratory* tar,
jorthe Carolina,:
/ WMoted. te: anylng:;,
a" f..revolution (h-the eled-
ifelea) world? Tt cain be iieens very ready’
ythat more iitonobiles aud’ electrieat vehi.;
Selon will Iw bulte because the cost- BU bas
splheed: within the reach Of - nny * people;
‘Who. cannot afford.to own them now. 4
tho fact of tho matter is that Mr, wat}
son was: {upprised - some time ago: that
large, quantltfes of cobalt .had been found
in oregon and particularly he the Stunpter.
dlatrlet. It las beea dgcovered «In. large,
eHough, guantitles and of stich a quality:
that tio large haportations of cobalt-trant
Australia and France would .be seriously;
cut tnto. s Ae
» Wha. largest” discovery ot
cobalt ta (the!
Sunipter district’ is” that 6 thie.” Cotisoll-*
fdated Mines Company, of -Graut ‘County,
Ore. nnd sufficient, juna alreaily ect,
amined to supply ox" large “a” nuin
battertes ts Mr. Edlson can butld withla,
the next yeur, 7 ie
toate. G. 1, Graham, who Js {ntorested tn
the Standard Mincg, sald. yestorday: “Mr.
Rison’ las been in ‘possession of this fact
for.some time ang hag had Gainples:: of,
the cubnit nent to hin for analysis. He
‘hus spoken In favor of It and the ‘company,
plas prepared Itself to fuentsh upon bis
demand large quuntitles of ft. eat
“While “thia ly in uo way Intended to
deter Mr. Edison from Dominating atthe
operations Jn North Carolina, {t~ woul
secmn that the electric automobilista could
‘be? very -much he! el and’ the manufac
turers aided If Mx. “Tdison would coneluda
to. use the catput of not only, tho Standard
but of soverai other mines without waiting.
for pew Operations to: begin ju North
aroling, ° _ . 05
fChe Standard mine can furnish’ fr!
Edison. at once with Jarge quantities of
cobalt, and his experiments in lessening
the welghts of the battorles and therefore
the welghts of the muchinos, which autos
mobillsts bave watted for with. much pas
tlence ean ‘be accomplished. almost at-one
£:Ehe. dlscovory of tho Strodard” mt
has ‘provon ta mining men In tho vWe
Alniost conclusively that this cel
rodiuco~-plenty -of~ cobalt-of--the-- qui
eatin to Tha tf furnisnet iby foreign
trlen, and ne‘acyery much Tess, expor
D “Weer Orange vat - Menoral”
——
EDISON TAKES A SOUTHERN MOTOR TRIP
The tact that.Thomas A. Edison tours with a steam
automobile does not signify that he has abandoned the
idea of an electric motor equal to long-distance traveling,
T had a chat recently with Mr, Edison, in his labora-
tory at Orange, N. J., and he declared that he would -
build an electric storage battery that would supplant the.
gasolene engine for the automobile. “I came down from
Boston in any electric car,” he said, “and was only obliged
to charge it twice, I will say, however, that my ambition
lies less in the field of high-speed motor cars than in the
purpose of making a battery that will serve commercial
purposes, J want to perfect an electric vehicle that will
give the poor cart-horse a rest.”
Mr. Edison’s fecent automobile tour through North
Carolina was for’ the Purpose ot investigating the cobalt
fiells in the vicinity of Charlotte. In the course of recent
experiments Mr. Edison has employed cobalt instead of
lead as an accumblator and it was in the hopes of finding
deposits of this metal, which is quite expensive, that. the
_ tour south was miade,
THOMAS A. EDISON
=
‘Ddtrolt. Mek ctatiansy
+ MEL Aki 966
Thomas A, Edison, ‘jr,"stn of ‘the
famous inyentor,. was..maortied in
Trenton, N. J. to MiasBeatrico BM.
Heyzer of Manhattan, Edison's first
wifo was Mario Tuohey, an actress,
Thoy wero married in 1899, and lived
together about 18 months, when thoy
separated, This wedding created a
atir ‘fn tho: Edison family,..and, tho
inventor refused to acknowledgo elthiag
er his: son or tho latter's wife, She
dled Feb, 18 last. . a oer
1 fle = Paty. Paap
AMM AD i ga6
,Young Edison’s Brand New Bride
Hopes to Effect Recon- ‘
‘M, Hoyser, Montgomery will, it 1a. sald,
(affect a reconciliation between the young
jman:.and his ‘father, the great: inventor.’
ioWhen Thomas A.:Edison refused to per-"
imit. his son to uring his actress-bride
rhome soveral: years ago an catrangement
{followed, und there never have been any.
idlrect: overtures of peace, even aftor the
‘the’ first Mra. Edison, who wos Marto
‘rouley on tho stage, died....Mra,-Hoyser,
iMra;}Edldon’s' mother,, saya: that. thore is
‘no ‘doubt, that the Inventor: and. his son
iwill become recancited. Ce |
1906
“Edessa TA, =F :
~ Remat Q., Sn,"
ed
A eg ©
gul 14) ie
iO, lll. - Phraftale :
_ dh 18. i905
license:stated, Miss Beatrico Matilda Hoyze
will resiilt, ‘the bride's: relatives: say pos
park," The bride isa tralned nurse and haa
shad ‘the care ‘of young | Mr. Edlson. for ‘the
greater part of ‘two: years.
‘Thomas A. Edison, dre
years: ago,.when the young:
enreer: of sonic excitement iin’ this. clty: and
elsewliere, eloped with Marlo Touhy, ir
tiful’ chorus, Fee on pct dia not: Wwe
come ithe actress’ ‘to, the Tamily. cirele; and
_Avhen there. ‘wasn weparation after: leas than
\two: yeara of’ married life he made her an
altowanco’ of $23" week “on:;the | condition |
‘that ‘she -remaln ‘Inside: the; states ot" ‘New!
York’ ‘and Now Jersey and never use hier mai
She pared five month
‘wo years;agd- young Mr. Edison, sprained
his‘ankic’ soverely and was Mlldn.a’ hotel at,
Lakewood,” NvJ, The services of n.tramed
nurse were ‘required and: Mrs, i Montgome:
took” the’ case... Her. mothers,- who lives nt.903
Sixth’ “avenues sald: today, that’ the daughter:
“had Deen titiruing Mr, Jsdivon qulte conatantly” |
ever. since, and: that. three months ago. she,
was summoned from’ Staten: Istand to: g0 to
Burlingtonand: had. been at. Mro Edlson'
house: up to'the time of the wedding, :!
*. ‘Tho marriage license taken out-at Trenton
stated that.the-bride swas-24 and liad never.
“been'married;:but:-her niother says tis must
i have‘been:a- mlatake ‘of, the.clerk.who made
-the ‘document.'The former Miss 'Heyzer.
js- the‘ widow. of* Thomas’ Montgomery, ‘who.
‘was omployed in the box office of the Madiaon
Square; theater,
marries M
Yt" was'alova'niatch ‘puro and. almple. -M:
: daughter, nursed. Mr,, Edison.jback. to- health:
=when- he ; Was In avery wei
two" years,ago"at- Lakewood, At:that,
time It was belleved he was. golng to dle, ari
his-physiclan‘sent:tor a good nurse?!
‘brought him back.to health.and
j--| may have begun :theri::
“Thie marriage will effect a.compl
soneliiation between: ‘Edison: an
he-was.on the stag
ut*ho is very fond ofiBeatrice:*. 0!
.has> met: her ‘often’:
The: anvente ayant thea aa
soreae in‘his neratery One’of theo!
et didn’
til- chrom cle
Sera toga 9792, UY
Sara fog 1an
Sul 13,
Saratoga Spye, NP.-Saritng
FUL k8_ yyy
ie i tleyare ves
Van
a" wnenen det ene
2 thomas ‘A. Balgon, Jr, son of the fa-
‘nous in ‘entor, is the latest participant
jin a “quiet wedding.” The: fact that
‘\he didn't: ‘go about, it howling, out nis |
raiment tin
cannon | crackers in the front parlor, ‘Is
_Feassurlng, Wo hopo ‘elncorely, that
tho, custom of “quiet” weddings will
grow, Wo'are opposed to, “tho nolsy
ond: lsorderly. sort in the city as well’
las "the rural press.
——
ade 14 few
ENISON: GETS FAMILY FARM, |
RK NORWALK, “O,, “July “by the pay
Ment of ${ Thomas A. Edlgon, the investor
‘and ‘clectrictart Doasscssion’-of,
the ‘farm at Milan, Eric County, upon®
which ihe was barn and rearal, ‘The dood
stranstorring the Property to tim. was give: ,
iby thé nddaughter ‘of: ‘nls’ aster, sand}
wi filed“ yeatorday With the recorder af}
Norwalk: County, -It:ts Toportinl that’ Mr.+
Edison ‘will, transtorm:; the - estate - Int.
Ane country’home hee
f
D
an
tadded
Cleveland, O.-Leader
MR
EUVISON BUYS: BIRTH
Inventor Vay, ‘ Pd a
; AM Une
: —Sistor’y
"BY for the’
mM Which He
Grandduughte
Or
© Decdn 1¢
_
won GP Dlspatoh to the res
mene POE O., duty dae pa:
ment of, one dolar, Thomas A, Eh tha
‘nventor nnd *olectrictt y
erty. to tht
TERT 2h sews g emer nee
howrng Ledison: tha worl
as bevtome’ the owner o;
Zdison home at Milan where he
Titten at
ed that.
Atel
——
i
|
A AUPATGN BY S BY, ee OROGEARE:
Cr captain Coney. to Be
a bres Minneapolts, Rounlon. :
HN July 21. —The friends of Cap
tain P. H. Coney, department: commend ae
of the G. A. R,, are planning a phones
and button campaign to have ae oe a
national commander of the G. cauit
ro aes ag an, Milwaukee
has two 1
cae ‘are in the phonogran mee _ ;
reed to he .
ores i this city. hae composed a eae
telling of Coney's life Be ered papiran
The song has been transf ta oe abe
records as sung by so! .
tat he Seo ERR
ced in the s
pen enn headquarters of the ye
diers, and Bane iHie nea aing the
es will be kept
Linea the Kansas commander, ‘aia
Five thousand buttons bearing apa
Coney’s pictures have been ordere! ae ane
are to be distributed to ee Fhe the
d every Kansas ¥
state aeapolls will wear the buttons. he
Flambeau club to be taken with the dele-
‘gation will ap pp ear as sand
pig pictures 0
dwich men, wit
Coney on front and back.
EDISON ants JSOBBERS.
Sellers of His Phonograph Tavention
Vistt West Orange Plant—Gifts
to the Inventor and Pres-
ident of Company. |
Nearly 300 of the jobbers who sell
the Edison phonograph -for the Na-
HOND peony Company, in all
parts.of North America, have been In
New York this week, as “guests of the
company. Wednesday morning, un-
der the guidance of I. K. Dotbeer,
ehairman of the entertainment com-
mittee, they left the headquarters in
the - Waldorf-Astoria in a - number
of automobiles, and took ‘9 special
Erle train for West Orange. On ar-
riving at the plant they shook hands
with Mr. Edison; who stood in Ine
nearly two hours, Ofiiclals of the
company divided them in groups and
showed them through alt the depart-
ments of the wonderful’ plant. It oc-
cupies ten acres of land, and in the
various bulidings, where everything
connected with a phonograph {fs made,
even to the packing bexes, which are
nailed, together. by. an.automatic pro-
cogs, they apent several hours,
Peter Weber, superintendent of thai
plant, said that the dafly output-of
D rs sa
\Fok Phew. ~ Lew.
machines 1s 1,000 and that’, 100,000
records dally are. produced,’ Within!
five or six weeks, when ‘séveral new |
bulldings which are now/being erected
of relnforced concrete, ‘nre comploted,
the output of machines will be Ine
Vereased to 1,600 a day and of records
; to 1,000,000 « week, The murvelous
Increase In the company's business de-
mands this increased output,
Following the inspection tour
{luncheon was served. Afterward in
an appropriate speech, W. D. An-
drews, of Syracuse, on behatt of the
Jobbers, presented Ldlxon with a solld
gold record mounted In a aon
gold and silver frame, designed and
wrought by Tiffany, It was placed in
a& phonograph .and.producod-a-grace-
ful spoken tribute to the Inventor's
‘genius, Tdlson declined to make a
apecch, but bowed hls thanks to the
visitors, To W. BP, Gilmore, president
of the company, and “Edison's right-
hand man,” an Immense loving cup of
silver was given by George Ilsen, of
Cincinnatl, representing the jobbera,,
Speaking of the new storage bat-
tery he fs working on, Edlson sald he
had found large quantities of cobalt
in Tennessee which he expects to utfl-
ize, He said much cobalt of a good
quality Js found in Cannoda, but that
it Js much more expensive to obtain It
there than in the South. Two persons
who came from abrond to join in the
Jollification are J, MR. Schermerhorn,
assistant general manager, who also
is manuger of the business in London,
and Thomas Graf, the Berlin man-
ager. Returning to New York late in
the afternoon the party ‘dined Jn the
Waldorf-Astoria and -spant the ‘even-
tog at the New ‘Amsterdam ‘Roof Gar-
jen,
——
E JEC
TO DRY-UP THE EAST RIVER,
Inventor Avera. That It Is Only Solution
of New: York's Traffic: Problem—
iti °.°, Would’ Cast 500,000,060
i: The piunping out of eight sq miles
of-river ‘and illing itp with rock’ and
earth is the engineering fert that may be
Wodertakén,in New York in the nest fu
ture, ‘ThistwaCoria rtlintsis<threatened
hyith.“extindlipntiaethe-aat River!
" Hong Tala nd.{rom}Ma}
va)tvanas RAEAIGR. te te
Oe mid ream; cand? Gorn.
mitts grasned:the'Nenfat, oneerdnd are
discuasing Ith neces ity Hs Yeoat! ail they
qiiestion: whether ‘the ‘undertakiig” woul’)
pleld “the ‘elty proper returns ‘upon’ tus
vestinent, Sa ren!
The “ever-present problem with. New
York is Tratie. Ita ever-increasing poy
‘ulation and the way to. ennble’ New
'Yorkera to: get-to and’ from their homes
fand still live within the, confines of the
city make" this. trafic question one of
continual importance, e
Tt was thought that when the’ Wil-
Hamsburg Bridge was opened the crash at
ithe Maniitittan: end of the Brooklyn
Bridge would be relieved, but it was not,
Coincident with the opening of this new
bridge theve sprang up another avmy to
journ to Long Islind when the day's
work was-done, and the crush at the old
Ividge continues just the seme.
.,, Before the subways were put in opera.
ston it was thought they would relieve
the strain on the elevated roads and aur
face lines, At the time the subways
were opened the clevated lines carried
500,000 passengers daily and now the sub:
waya-nre carrying 475,000 daily and yet
there is no deercase in the trailie on the
surfnee and elevated dines.
The additional ferries to Brooklyn and
the new bridge are not sufficient’ to do
the passenger business that is required,
It is believed that?the six bores, beneath
the Enst River, which are under-construc-
tion, and the addition’ of several bridges,
will not be ample to handle the immense
traifie. :
The city is figuring on a 50 per cent,
inerease in population in the next fifteen
Years, and to handle this it will be nec-
eranry to inake large increases in the
traMic facilities... “.5..
“Chere are many business men-and en-
gincers who believe that the inaking of
dvy land: out’ of the’ East’ River is not
only feasible, but-necessnry.
sit issaid that it will require tlie con:
atruction of dams and coffer dams, the
pumping out of the eight square miles of
water and Alling th ith rock and earth
so. that.the trafiie lines may connect Man:
hattan with. the,citios.of Long-Island by
Nrface and elevated lines," "+> !
ish: thisundertaking would
':To xecompli
‘mean the’renioval of gient docks, ware;
oe "Chis ne Oe:
horises, WME VES, piera, “buBinesaToitses, |
the tranaportatio wuilions’ of enbic |
yards: of “dirt, and’ the ;expenditure, of}
$3500,000,000, or" indvé tlitit Lhe coat of the
Panama Cinal, eee
It would be the greatest enginedring
feat of the century," eee
It is presumed that the Federal govern: |
ment would insist upon leaving aufticient
waterway from the Brooklyn Navy Yard.
to enable the biggest war vessels to go-tot
and fro, i
And the question arises, what vould;
become of the great bridges that now |
span this river? ‘his question lis ie
pe
anet with the suggestion that they |
traneformed into: nerial purdons for the
people, even if no longer needed for
tratlic, " rey ar
——
rey
bHEAT
5
:
cae oa
Ads . oon
. ‘or énergy. Now, tho way concrete
constructions ‘are put up is ‘this: ‘Firat,
* Sin Jo, cost is made for tha walls, say four
ee ‘tebe high,
RArcrenbarh Mali : Sigh, ‘Cho ‘concrete !s poured into
eating i nee and, Bre ou and {a allowed to harden, Then
hat. the total cost will be 00 1 house,
tho cast 1s simply moved up ,another
yith; probable lower prices when the in-| four fect and that much more ot the
tention’ is! developed. ,
wall {a added. ‘This system {s. rapid
{Dehver’ then who. know all, there ts to’
enough for anybody but.a. man like
‘ thes : ‘Corey, - Of courso, these fast’ fellows
now. about. concrete at progant claim might want. Edison's builder, But thoy
at.Mr, Edison's scheme {# not feasible.
{8.G, Shaw, head of the concrete mn-
wouldn't want’to Hvo in. a concrete
noise, prays and 8 Working man_ u
F : | Msually’ willing to a fow
hinery company at 1721 Arapahoe, said: who wo ta want Raleon's machinat” :
donot: think it cn, be.done. Of | “shust thine ce tho results. A thou-
ourae, the name of Edison carries) great
folght, and we have seen him.dety overy-
ting .we ‘thought a ‘natural law with
sand working men alt living with thelr
thousands of children -and wives in
liccesa so often thatano man can safoly
ay ‘such and such @ thing cannot bo
thousand Nttle concrete houses, all wit
one,
tho’ samo-sized kitchen, the same kt
of a porch, identical roofs, etc, ‘The
But I can seo no reason for Edison's
tanting to:cast houses in ono: casting,
Notony would be owful."’ e
‘Miller Henry, who bullt many co; °
‘he price of $500 isn’t any lower than the
fosent coat for a small housa
walls, sold: ‘This {dea te one of tha -,
Today concrete houses are built out
sanitles of genius, Edison is 3
wouldn't be-a great inventor {f he were
f cement blocks, Just ike brick or stone,
Vhy..shotildia man want to cast a house
hot, But this thing.te the limit, rade
mit.concrete has only come Into use dur:
ne oat ten years, Prot now uses are be-~
6 nit can bo bullt piece by ptece | nw discovered for it every day. Bor ine’
tthe baum © price? But, then, as I sald, | stance, little whilo ago, 1¢ was learned’
fdlson can achieve the impossible, and | that..concrete incorporates itsele. with
io may perfect machinery that will give
48 a. house that’ js entire, all at one ‘fell
iwoop.; But-what execrablo taste! You
call. up the ‘Edison Wholo-House com:
pany’ on:the telophone and say ‘to the
clerk;: “This is A.B. Smith, I. ama
hard-working laboring man and I want n’
sconerete house at once, Build me one im-
pmediately. Tit call for 'It-at-4- o'slcolk,%:
pho 'clerk asks whether you want one:
Mke'class’ A, No. 6, or. stylo-C,- pattern: 8:
‘Ofcourse, they only have’ to’ shitt ithe
casting to change the position ,of. the
‘parlor, make an extra bedroom, : attach
-moro closets, etc., and’ there you. are,
concrete; house, modern, bath, plumbing;
‘Mreplace,; a brass doorknob and & dog
+house besides, all’ ready by 4 o'clock. All
tyou have to‘do ts to send for the 6:
pressman-and.moveIn-betore sihaers
pH... Herbert: Toogood, manager: ofthe
iCotorado) Concrete; Mix ir. company, 'aald:;
“i can't neo,where Hdlsoncan:aave cost]
‘when Jt hardens the concreto will not
untll tho steot itself breaks., Cone;
crete flooring will stand 000 ‘pounds ‘pres-
bure.to the square foot, and this bents
anything but solld stone. But as for Eadt-
son's idea it maysbe dono sometime, 4
‘A man Who.can solve tha automobile
Question with cobalt batteries tor. electria
Machines can do almost -anything—elee.
T expect to’ neo concrete used in building
shouses.a great deal more.in the future
than it'ls at present, It; wears for ever,
and. can ‘be made to look very? pretty,
Conorete can be mado to imitate any. kind
of stone, and no one ‘but an expert can
tell_the-ditrerence: between ‘n.- concrete
houso and ‘a genuine brown front, granite
or marble, eye i of
stTtsEdlaon does pertect a.mashine fot
;castiig concrete houses whole in:a single
edsting, it will Jbo_a-great*boon to the
rand" will-stimulatée home bulld
att? will; mean? that ‘ooncrete
12: then: 1 / bullt“wherever It {:
‘transport , cam: ent in 100-poun¢
Re Deel oat irre
-—
ad
TILOS, A. EDSON HERE, .
Passes Through
> party and. they traveled...
ior, ‘the par
ried. In ‘the gther cnr:
Rdson Jett his sinminer hoi
j orn New,
alles ont. a, rear spring ‘supnorter on,
yone,of the sieamers brake and the centr.
part to he tawed “by one ‘of the othors,
tte SNowburgh ‘where’ the party gapent
he nth and where: the necogsary rez
hein, mounting, Rong ‘to Stamford “and
e the” ‘antamedties were
walked, ‘with a sry | step, ca
ielgar and: appeared to he having..on ‘prekent; plans of “his! party are ethat
ae Pee ne Personal
A‘ ahort ‘time go’ Mrs ots vane
Jnounced that: if He’ could’ got’ sufficient!
{quantities of cobalt, at a cheap ‘flgure,
‘He! would revolutionize nutomobiling,
‘because he could equip them with stor.)
‘age batteries. that .would contain: on,
ough electricity to ennble them to; (fur:
nish .power. to’ run the’ machines ‘aev-
eral hundred nifles farther without re-{
aa charging than, Js. posible under, the
i, pregeht system, * If hid acheme evarjty~
ated! succosafutly, then: tha:use: ofthe
offensively-smeliing sisolliie . would -be:
done away with. -Automobillsts would |
welcome ‘the change us. electricity on-'
ables n machine to-run with vory Httle;
vibration and has nono of the disagree-|
able characteristics of. gasdiinc, .
Accordingly Mr, Edison, with a nim-"
der.of members of the staff that he
{has ;ongaged with, him iv his labora-.
tories, went. to. North Carolina, where
he owns extonsive mineral properties,
{]|to look for cobalt, - nts
The Herald, belng: aware ‘ot his re-
’Heearches, asked him: the following:
\ WR & Ou t a) !
ils City With Party
as on Automobile T if questions:
hee A foniobites Bound ‘vor, een 2 e Trip Through 1 can" you use cobalt successfully: for
oranio, : , Canada’ <i{automoblling purposes?
: : | ? carol you {Ind enough cdbult In; North
s omnes es oe a ‘arolina’.to answer. your needs? a
Thomas A. . Bdson, the elentriea?| fin $4 a¢ cobalt can be used-as you “say,
genius, passed, Uhronigh this ely Wer, TALKS ABOUT: COBAL LT fwhy not get your supplies ut Cobalt, |
7 typo, were bunds eee ot Ged are sald |
at rp te be thrown on the dumps
adie hs chatter. there. wa. Would Uso it for Automobilé Pur ose! ea These questions were wricttn ‘and
1 ve P
handed to Mr. Edison, and he. wrote
“HE He Could Get. it Choap Enough {i 1
> out’ the following reply to them:
antomnplios; two. (of then :ber, : = Minets ‘Have Up 8 “Found cobalt'in North Carolina, but:
Ine White. Steniers, cand the third Price Hef &* ‘not, in great quantity, I. already own
a" Grout: “gasolene env, The: party .are : bids t. tf, nd operate’ o cobalt min near Cobalt,
y here pout “noon and’ hae bah in the Tomiskaming district. Have
iG . aA “s mares! found very Iittle cobalt there so far,
Mnngheon'- ont: Rmith’s. “The inembere Tontreal’s most prominent visitor.-to. o~\% Itisnot correct that cabalt is thrown
vir tinvelted dn: the” ftiwe ‘day’ is'Mr, Thomas A. Eglgon, the tarist nthe dumps un In tae Fosion. The
itlle ne. Haga Sat a inven SE FORA Rs “Dna) Bonn reas gh hat ent
zane nfford to ‘buy ‘it. It ts. ont hen’ I
certain: ‘prea: hut. tr
Mr, Edison is. on a” pleasure trip” ey
tet a year's hard work In his: lab ¢ sgfot teat
ais | is: labore: ins :
Ter s0Y. raoxday mo ning. tories, With h are Mra, Edison ‘and can™utiizestit? shave “inany’ ‘exporl-|
al gotten ‘about tewnly ee
+ Wal Rol Y thelr three childten' ‘and Mr, and Mra, stitute Go that: Sr ‘shalt oon aw
John .B.. Miller. Mr. Miller, ds a br atvall,
ther of Mrs, Edison, Mr? Edison!wasthérn in’ Milan: Erle,
‘There’ are, ‘elght in’ the ‘party ‘an county, ;Ohio,-In 1847.) He ‘Is .of. Diten!
‘th y are travelling In three big eat Scotch.
tng? automobiles, ‘They left: Mr. Batt {becamo:
escent..on {his:, mbther's.: +. He}
a. telegraphtoperator: and, ator;
inalrs were made, to the car.” "The gon’s home at Oraiige, \N. uporlntendentzof «the, Laws Gold dindt-|
lnarly expected to cross the ‘river at ry iN “| feaitor’ Co. g: hugiinvented = tho-.olss
le tant inon: benvarke Ale Cute do! and’ came by easy stuges to Moi ‘and: Stock Pri ney dlegraph,-the-sys-|
ateilt and th raverse, the Teal, coming by way of : , Albany, tem for Quadriplexfand Sextupla; Tele:
Braphic Transmissto arbor) Tel
Phone Transmitter, the’ Microtacimater}
for dotection: of, slight’ variations = "int
temperature, .the Acrophone and Mega-1
phona! for ‘amplitylig and. magnitying
goundg, HG TBI Was',-5- Kineto-.
nenndéscent: ght
Champiain’, and Ri us08 Point:
ali
sie, ot, fifty
son and his party it
flea), yesterday. saben
ney leay ils oven
; or. "Quel eC.
puffed p awit. go on heaving “quebes,’ but
,they’ shall spend three ‘weeks’ more’
touring Eastern Canada: and: -Now Eng;
and. .:, *
‘Mie. Edison looked: hate . and hearty,
Square-shouldered and’ woll-tarined; - he’
;Sppeared.’to be ‘holding’ his fitty-ning
years with the vigor of-a"man twenty,
years: younger, Curlous eyes watched:
Mr; Edison ‘as’ho'sat‘in ‘the rotunda of
Windsor.. Hotel this morning. a, He
dressed ‘in a gray: tweed sult ana
an. automobile , cap.) Apparently:
un ware that:he was the cynosure:o!
‘all eyes, ho -read. -his newspaper, and:
‘cigar with n halance. (7
“Kind ‘edough: to Ans Wet veome
—
Steves ort
VOL. XVI
7-36 o
_ PEARSON'S MAGAZINE
NO.
to
AUGUST, 1906
THE CRY FOR “BRAINS”
BY JAMES _CREELMAN
In this character sketch of. Thomas A. Edison, Mr. Creelman introduces a re-
markatle talk with the most brilliant constructive man of the age, who declares that
* great private fortunes and mighty corporations are necessary to general progress and
prosperity, and asserts, in the teeth of pessimism, that he would rather begin life *
in poverty to-day than to go back even twenty years. Everything is working toward
the uplift of the workingman, “We are groping on the verge of another great epoch
in the world’s history.”
of American prosperity to the men
who have made it possible, one thinks
of Thomas Alva Edison. His is “the honest
life, the useful life, the friendly life’ that
deserves earnest attention in this astonishing
year of moral incendiarism. :
No American name is more widely known.
Tos from the sweep and glitter
No living man has contributed more to the
advancement of the human race. Millions of
men and billions of dollars are employed in
enterprises made possible by his genius and
industry; and his works have extended them-
selves to the ends of the earth. .
So great is Mr. Edison’s renown, and so *
secure his place among the few immortals
Copyright, 1906, by the Pearson Publishing Company, All rights reserved,
\
é
*
,
i
4
d
:
Bs
:
i
sd Satine oe Wht Oe BE a5
112 THE CRY FOR “BRAINS”
who have modified civilization without
bloodshed that we are apt to forget that he is
not an illustrious abstraction, but a vigorous
American citizen, still working night and day
at the central problems of applied science,
and pausing occasionally to wonder what in
the world has happened to his countrymen
that they should listen to croakings of despair
in the midst of success,
It is something to sit beside this really great
man, whose name is a glory as well as a
romance in the history of the continent, and
to hear him speak words of soberness and
truth about the outlook of the country; for
Mr. Edison is not only a scientific investigator
and inventor, but a business man, a million-
aire, a manufacturer employing a great force
of men anda merchant. And he is a man of
rare candor, :
“T can’t for the life of me understand why
‘ any oncin thé United States should think that
«the poor man’s chance for success is less than
. it used to be,’’ he said as we sat in the great
library of his laboratory at Llewellyn Park.
-“Tt’s just the other way; no doubt of it.”
The strong arms were folded across the
deep chest and the big gray eyes looked
steadily through the window at a brawny
workman hammering away on a new electric
storage-battery factory. A whistling boy
danced under a white-blossomed fruit tree.
“T would rather begin now as a poor boy,””
he continued, “than to start again in the
conditions which surrounded my early life.
The opportunities for a poor boy or a poor
man are greater to-day than they were then;
make no mistake about that,
“Great organizing minds have massed
capital, systematized business, eliminated
waste of materials and labor, and concen- ,
trated the forces of production along lines
that grow more intelligent and humane year
by year.
{ “The world is crying for men of intelli-
‘ gence, It is searching for them everywhere.
The door of opportunity is open, as it has
' never been open before, for men who have
minds even a fraction above what is necessary
{for a routine muscular task. It doesn’t
‘ matter whether a man be poor or rich, or
; what his color or creed or origin, he has a
; better chance now than if he lived a genera~
+ tion ago; that is, if he can bring intelligence
i to his work.
“This is the golden age for men of brains,
even a little brains, and I'd rather, much
rather, take my chances now, without a
friend or a dollar in my pocket, than to go
back even twenty years,
“ The world is growing better and stronger
all the time, and the invitation to think is
becoming almost irresistible in every branch
of human effort. That is raising the race
higher and higher. ‘
“ As science is applied to industry more and
more the rewards of intelligence grow greater,
and to-day there are in thousands of factories
‘suggestion boxes’ into which workmen are
urged to drop any ideas that may occur to
them—so hungry are those who direct busi-
ness to advance men capable of advance-
ment.”
Mr. Edison had just come from the gray
vapors of his chemical laboratory, where,
among mysterious glass tubes, bulbs and
jars, gleaming ovens, small pans, sizzling and
sputtering above little devil-dancing flames
of pink and violet, he had been studying the
results of endurance tests of his new electric
storage battery, which is presently to revolu-
tionize the wheeled traffic of cities. But the
rosy, unwrinkled face and the smooth, splen-
did brow gave no hint of the mental struggle
through which he had passed in the effort to
better his latest gift to mankind.
Mr. Edison is probably the hardest worker
alive. But for his ability to toil for five days
and nights at a stretch without sleep, the
incandescent electric light might still be a
laboratory toy. The phonograph, the kincto-
scope, the quadruplex telegraph, the electric
railroad, the telephone transmitter, the
megaphone and all the marvelous contribu-
tions which his brain has given to civilization,
are the result of almost incredible working
powers and an equally wonderful indifference
to food.
Living in the threshold of the future he has
visions of things to come which make him
jealous of everything that takes his time.
He appreciates the shortness of life and the
almost unspeakable wonders that science is
about to reveal to man. And, at the age of
fifty-nine, he works night and day with a
quiet joy that sometimes breaks into fierce
enthusiasm—moving forward, forward, for-
ward, into the darkness that is slowly chang-
ing to light.
“We are groping on the verge of another
great epoch in the world’s history,” he said to
me not long ago. “It would not surprise me
any morning to wake up and learn that some
one, or some group, of the three hundred
thousand scientific: men who are investiga-
AT WORK ON THE NEW EDISON STORAGE BATTERY
ting all over the earth has seized the secret of
electricity by direct process, and begun
another practical revolution of human affairs.
It can be done. It will be done. I expect to
see it before I dic.
“A man will discover one fact in one part of
the world, and that will set some fellow at
work on another fact in some other part of
the world, and presently a lot of men will be
working on the true path; and one day it will
be announced to the world that electric
power can be produced directly from coal.
When that discovery is made the steam engine
and boiler will be driven out of use. It will
then be possible to haveair-ships. I expect to
[PHOTOCOPY]
sec air-ships flying before my death. Such a
discovery will make it possible to drive ships
across the sea by electricity at a rate of forty
or fifty miles an hour—three days across the
Atlantic from shore to shore.
‘The human race may well look forward
with hope to the day in which that discovery
will be announced, for, after that, the world
will be greatly transformed.”
With this thrilling idea of the immediate
future in his mind, the great inventor looks
upon the amassing of immense private
fortunes and the concentration of industry
and commerce into giant combinations as
inevitable incidents in the development of
~=—
MR. EDISON TESTING THE PHONOGRAPI
the race, necessary, instrumentalities in the
working out of “the great plan.”
There is nothing gaunt or hollow-cyed
about this protagonist of the wonderful
present and prophet of the yet more wonder-
ful future.
He has a thick-set body, deep in the chest
and somewhat fat in the girth, a figure of
vitality and power that thrives upon what
the poorest-paid workingman would regard
as a scanty diet. Work that consumes
nights and days, ‘without pause for sleep,
cannot waste that magnificent hulk of a
man. The long concentrations of all his
powers, the breathing of chemical vapors,
[PHOTOCOPY]
the nerve-racking disappointments, the slow,
patient pursuit from fact to fact to delirious
victory, leave him erect and full of red blood.
The head is big, wide and symmetrical, with
wispy, iron-gray hair that whitens over the
noble forehead. The face is broad and full,
without puckers or wrinkles, but extremely
sensitive and full of gentle humor. The
wide, expressive mouth droops at the cor-
ners, but it is a smiling mouth and a courage-
ous one. The handsome gray eves are deep
and full of power, yet there is a never-absent
sincerity and sunny friendliness about them.
His is a personality big, simple and ab-
solutely devoid of vanity. It is a singular
\o
116 THE CRY FOR “BRAINS”
compound of profound experience and
equally profound innocence, And the cen-
tral, dominating quality is what the world
calls “heart.”
As he sat there in the vast library hall he
seemed to be a part of the place. The
Stretches of shelved alcoves rising, gallery
above gallery, and packed with forty thou-
sand volumes representing the labors of the
scientific men of all ages; the tiers of cases
crowded with rare and precious mincrals,
soils and fibers—but a fraction of the more
than a hundred thousand substances ‘gath-
ered from every part of the earth and as-
sembled together under that same roof—
the odd instruments representing the various
stages of electrical Progress; the framed
diplomas telling of honors showered upon
the master of the hall; the poetic white mar-
ble statue of “The Genius of Light’? brought
from the Paris Exposition; the rude bed in
the corner where fragments of ‘sleep are
snatched between experiments; the prim
geraniums on the window sill—all these
are cloquent of his many-sided life and
world-wide coritact.
As he leans forward intently, his large,
strong hand hollowed behind his ear, one
is reminded of the fact that the man who
perfected the telephone, who invented the
phonograph, and who even produced and
classified musical sounds caused by the con-
traction of molecules of matter, has been
half-deaf since his boyhood. Yet that
affliction has never soured his philosophy nor
. discouraged him in his work.
“D’ve been through the mill myself,” he
said with a laughing shake of the head,
“and when I say that a man has a better
chance to rise from the ranks to-day than
he has ever had before, I think I know what
I’m talking about.”
The mingled strains of Scotch and Dutch
blood which are combined in Mr, Edison,
perhaps the shrewdest combination possi-
ble, fail to furnish his countenance with the
keen worldliness that one would naturally
look for, And as he spoke of his early life
he looked for all the world like a great,
quiet, imaginative boy. In fact, he rubbed
his shin and chuckled.
“I may be a rich man now; but I started
as a newsboy on a train running between
Detroit and Port Huron. I wasn’t con-
. tented with that, and so I started two small
stores in Port Huron, one for the sale of
newspapers and the other for the sale of
vegetables, butter, eggs, berries and so on.
Tt was a small trade, but I was able to carry
my merchandise free in the United States
mail cars, and that counted,
“In time I had two other newsboys work-
ing for me. They couldn't slecp very well
at night, so I bought a bottle of paregoric
and gave cach of them two teaspoonfuls a
day. That was the first time I combined
business and science, and it turned out to
be a success,
“Till tell you how I happened to get into
telegraphing first: When the battle of
Pittsburg Landing was fought, the first
report which reached Detroit announced
that there were sixty thousand killed and
wounded,”
Mr, Edison rocked back in his chair and
stroked the back of his head as he recalled
the situation,
“T knew that there would bea tremendous
demand for the Detroit Free Press con-
taining that report, if I could only get word
to the various railway stations before my
train arrived. I said ‘to myself, ‘Gracious!
if T could only get the people to know about
it? So I went to the telegraph operator
at the Detroit station and told him that if
he would wire the main facts of the battle
along the line, so that announcements could
be put up on the station bulletin boards, I
would give Hurper's Weekly to him for six
months free of cost.
“Well, the operator agreed to do his part,
and he did it well. ‘I used to sell about
forty newspapers on the trip, but this time
I made up my mind that I ought to take a
thousand. But, when I counted my money,
T found I had only enough to buy four hun-
dred. Then it occurred to me that if I could
get to Wilbur F. Story, the proprietor of
the Detroit Free Press, J might be able
to work out of my difficulty. Mr, Story
was a man of austere, some used to say
savage, haughtiness. Most people were
afraid to approach him. But my situation
was desperate, and I wasn’t going to let my
plans fail for the lack of a Jittle pluck; and so
I climbed up the stairs to his Office, pre-
sented myself and said, ‘Mr. Story, I have
only got money enough to buy four hun-
dred papers and I want six hundred more.
I thought .I might get trusted for them.
I'm a newsboy.’ I got my thousand papers
all right.”
The inventor rubbed his hands softly
together and moistened his lips with his
paenenee
A CRITICAL MOMENT
tongue. He seemed to grow younger each
instant. His gray eyes sparkled. The boy
under the blooming fruit tree beyond the
window began to whistle again. The rat-
tat-tat of workmen’s hammers came through
the stillness of the spring air.
“That was a great day for me. At the
first station the crowd was so big that I
thought it was an excursion crowd. But,
no; when the people caught sight of me they
began to yell for papers. And what did I
do? Why, I just doubled the price on the
spot and charged ten cents instead of five
cents a copy. At the next station the
crowd was even greater, and you ought to
have seen them dig their hands down into
their pockets when I shouted out the price.
f [PHOTOCOPY]
—
So it went all along the line. The message
from the telegraph operator had done its
work well, and everybody was excited and
crazy to get papers. When I got to the last
station I jumped the price up to twenty-
five cents a copy, and sold all I had left.
I made seventy-five or a hundred dollars
in that one trip, and I tell you I felt mighty
good.
“Now,” said Mr. Edison, folding his
arms, “that called my attention to what a
telegraph operator could do. I thought ‘to
myself that telegraphing was simply great.
I made up my mind to become an operator
as soon as possible. You know that you
can learn a great deal in a very short time
if you will only put your mind to it. I
MR. EDISON EXPLAINING MATTERS TO A VISITOR
worked twenty hours a day, and in four
months I was a telegraph operator.
“T worked as a Western Union operator
in Detroit, Memphis, Louisville and Boston,
and all the time I studied and experimented
with electricity. The first serious thing I
invented was an electrical machine to count
votes in Congress. I had been handling
press reports as an operator, and I noticed
it took a long time to count the votes after
each roll call. My machine would show
{ [PHOTOCOPY]
the total vote a few seconas after the end of
the roll call. I thought the device’ was a
good one, and I think'so now. But when I
went to Washington and showed it to the
chairman of a committee, he said, ‘Young
man, that works all right, but it’s the last
thing on carth we want here. Filibustering
anda delay in the count of the vote are
often the only means we have for defeating
bad legislation.’ I was sorry; but I ought
to have thought of that before.
wee
MR. AND MRS, EDISON
“My next practical invention was the
quadruplex telegraph. I started in to work
it on the Atlantic and Pacific telegraph line
between Rochester and New York. But
there was a chump at the other end of the
wire and the demonstration ended in a
fizzle. It was years before the quadruplex
was adopted. ;
“That landed me in New York without
acent in my pocket. I went to an operator
and managed to borrow a dollar. I lived
on that for a week, but I had to ‘park it?’a
[PHOTOCOPY]
little, that is, I slept outdoors. Oh, I
didn’t mind it much, and I never. did care
much about eating anyhow.
“Then I hustled for something to do. I
could have got a job as an operator at
ninety dollars a month, but I wanted a
. chance to do something better. I happened
one day into the office of a ‘gold ticker?
company which had about five hundred
subscribers. Those were the days of gold
speculations in New York, and the ticker
was an important factor, for it supplied
er ———
\9
eee rere
——
_—
JAMES CREELMAN
news to all the offices, I studied out the
machine in the central office and thought
I saw how it could be improved. One
afternoon about one o'clock I was standing
beside the apparatus, when it gave a terrific
rip-roar and suddenly stopped. Ina few
minutes hundreds of messenger boys blocked
up the doorway and yelled for some one to
fix the tickers in their offices, The man in
charge of the place was simply flabbergasted,
ONE
ALTE |
G
EASE IN
Ss
ES
y
TEEN
BAL ERNE oN EET
Tar
to wonder how much money I would get.
I was pretty raw and knew nothing about
business, but I hoped that I might get five
thousand dollars. I dreamed of what I
could do with big money like that, of the
tools and other things I could buy to work
out inventions, But I knew Wall Street to
be a pretty bad place; and had a general
suspicion that a man was apt to get beat
out of his money there. So I tried to keep
ENN
FETE,
7
AE
C83 TESS
Ng
LIENS
THOMAS A, RDISON AT THE AGE OF FOURTEEN YEARS
I stepped up to him and said, ‘I think I
know what's the matter.’ He asked me to
fix it, and I did so. I simply had to remove
a loose contact spring which had fallen be-
tween the wheels. The result was that I
was employed to take charge of the service
at three hundred dollars a month, I almost
fainted when I heard how much salary I
was to get. ‘
“Then I joined hands with a man named
Callahan and we got up several improved
‘types of stock-tickers, These improvements
Were a success. When the day of settle-
ment for my inventions approached I began
my hopes down; but the thought of five
thousand dollars kept rising in my mind.
“Well, one day I was sent for by the presi-
dent of the Gold and Stock Telegraph Com-
pany to talk about a settlement for my im-
provements. He was General Marshal Lef-
ferts, colonel of the Seventh Regiment. I
tell you, I was trembling all over with em-
barrassment, and when I got in his presence
my vision of five thousand dollars began to
vanish, When he asked me how much I
wanted I was afraid to speak. I feared that
if I mentioned five thousand dollars I might
get nothing at all. That was one of the most
dt
122 THE CRY FOR “BRAINS”
TERE
4
ME
SEA
MRS, NANCY EDISON, KDISON'S MOTHER
painful and exciting moments of my life.
My, how I beat my brains to know what to
say! Finally, I said, ‘Suppose you make me
an offer!’
“By that time I was scared; I was more
than scared, I was paralyzed,
“*How would forty thousand dollars do??
asked General Lefferts. :
“It was all I could do to keep my face
straight and my knees from giving way.
was afraid he would hear my heart beat.
With a great effort I said as calmly as I could,
‘I guess that will be all right,’
“He said that he would have the contract
drawn up in a couple of days and that I
could come back and sign it. Yet the thing
: didn’t seem to be-real. It was too big. Be-
sides, I had my opinion of Wall Street. T
couldn't sleep. But, when I went back,
there was the contract. I signed it in a hurry
without reading it. I don’t know even now
what was in that contract. Then a check for
forty thousand dollars was handed to me.
“T went to the bank on which the check
was drawn as quick as my feet could get me
Ee EPR A
there. Even then the thing
didn’t seem real. It was
the first time I was ever in
boys in front of the paying
teller’s counter, and when
my turn came I handed in
the check. Cfcourse I had
not endorsed it. The teller
looked at the check, pushed
it back to me and roared
ESS
PORES TIES
33
could not understand, be-
ing partly deaf. My heart
sank and my legs trembled.
I handed the check back to
him, but again he pushed
it back with the same un-
intelligible explosion of
words.
“That settled it. I went
out of the bank feeling mis-
erable. Iwas the victim of
another Wall Street ‘skin
game.’ I never felt worse
in my life. I went around
to the brother of the treas-
urer who had drawn the
check and said, ‘I’m
skinned, all right? When
Ttold him my story he burst
out laughing, and when he
went into the treasurer’s office to explain
matters there was a loud roar of laughter at
my expense. They sent somebody to the
bank with me, and the bank officials thought
itso great a joke that they played a trick on
me by paying the whole forty thousand dol-
Jars in ten, twenty and fifty dollar bills.
“Tt made an enormous pile of money. I
stuffed the bills in my inside pockets and out-
side pockets, my trousers pockets and every-
where I could put them. Then I started for
my home in Newark. I wouldn’t sit on a
seat with anybody else on the train and I
would let nobody approach me. I clasped
my arms across my body and sat in that way,
suspicious and alert, all the way home, And
when I got to my room there was so much
money that I couldn't sleep that night for
fear of being robbed; so the next day I took it
allback to General Lefferts and told him that
I didn’t know where to keep it. He had it
placed ina bank to my credit. That was my
first bank account. : :
“With that money I opened a new shop
and worked out apparatus for the Western
VM:
BES
abank. I got in a line of
out something which I-
Union Telegraph Com-
pany. My automatic tele-
graph, which handled a
thousand words-a minute
between New York and
Washington, was bought
out by Jay Gould and the
Western Union Company.
It is in litigation yet.
“Then the quadruplex
was installed. I sold that
to Jay Gould and the West-
ern Union Company for
JAMES CREELMAN 123
SENNESETS
I
8)
\ thirty thousand dollars. f (| |
e The next invention was the \ N
mimegraph, a copying N i
machine, Fe
“When Bell got out his Rite
P telephone the transmitter ) y
and receiver were one, Pro- Ke (
fessor Orton, of the Western
Union Company, asked me
to do something to make
the telephone a commercial I
success. I tackled it and Fed
got up the present trans- y
es
o>
mitter. The Western Union (|
Company eventually made Bed
millions of dollars out of it. Z
I got a hundred thousand
dollars for it.
* “At last President Orton
sent for me and said, ‘Young man, how
much do you want in full payment for all
the inventions you have given to the Western
Union Company ??
“Thad forty thousand dollars in my mind,
but my tongue wouldn’t move. I hadn‘t the
nerve to name such a sum.
“Make me an offer,’ I ventured.
“*How would a hundred thousand dollars
seem to you?’ he asked.
a “T almost fell over. It made me dizzy.
But I kept my face and answered, with as
much coolness as I could muster, that the
offer appeared to bea fair one. Then another
© thought occurred to me, and I said that I
would accept a hundred thousand dollars, if
the company would keep it and pay me in
seventeen yearly instalments. I knew that
if I got it all at once it would soon go in ex-
periments. It took me seventeen years to get
: that money, and it was one. of the wisest
things I ever did. By putting a check on my
extravagance I always had funds.”
Mr. Edison paused for a moment and
thrust his hands in his pockets. An intense
Sete ee ee ee
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FENNEL ia
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ES
SAMUEL EDISON, EDISON'S FATHER
look came into his face. His eyes seemed to
be looking at something a mile away. $o I
had scen him in the midst of his electric stor-
age-battery experiments—the world suddenly
shut out; his mind turned in on itself.
“Tt is not true that the strain of life is
wearing out the brightness ud originality of
‘the American people,” he said stowly. “I
believe that competition and hard work,
above.all, hard mental work, is making the
American mind keener and more fertile than
ever. Weare making rapid progress in every
direction.
“These great corporations and enormous
fortunes that people talk so much about—
why, they are blessings, The more big
organizations we have and the more rich
people we have, the better off the country
will be.
“Tt is the grand scale of work made possi-
ble by this concentrated wealth and organiza-
tion that has produced the present systematic
application of science to industry, and the
ceaseless demands and greater rewards for
higher intelligence among workingmen, This
$ret
en . an
124 THE CRY FOR “BRAINS”
isthe best time in all history for a man to
livein. Successisno longera matter of brute
strength, but a question of brains. Isn't that
a great gain for humanity? The school-
house is the door to success,
“The country going backward? Stuff!
What we need is an honest enforcement of
our laws, more schools, more people in them,
more ‘trusts’ and more millionaires, yes,
billionaires,
“Of the things that are yet to be known
we don’t knowa hundred-millioneth part now,
and we need massed billions of money and
mighty, waste-climinating organizations, di-
rected by Rockefellers and Carnegies and
Schwabs and Baers, to move the productive
powers of the world to a higher plane and
make things easier and better for everybody.
“I have never known anything like the
present demand for intelligent men in every
line of work. With the rapid cheapening of
power, and the certainty that it will become
very much cheaper, the value of mere phys-
ical strength is becoming less important, and
the value of knowledge and thinking qualities
advances. The idea expressed in ‘A Message
to Garcia’ becomes truer every day. - The
eyes of the great capitalists and organizers
are strained for signs of intelligence above:
the dead line that divides raw labor from
ingenious labor.
Scene ee Wea og Edd ely se ese Ae
“One of the most significant evidences of
the tendencies of the age is the fact that
while the hours of muscular work are becom-
ing shorter, the hours of brain work are
growing longer. Science is making the execu-
tive problems of production more involved
and, at the same time, it-is simplifying and
lightening the burdens of mere animal effort,
“Go to the Bethlehem Steel Works and
see young men of twenty-five and thirty years
in charge of the big hammers and machines.
Why? Because they are graduates of’ the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, If
there were ten such schools in Boston their
MOUSE IN WHICH MR, BDISON WAS BORN, AT MILAN, O10
graduates would be gobbled up as fast as they
came out,
“Go to the General Electric Company’s
works and see the crowd of inventors devel-
oped from the ranks, all being liberally paid
for their ideas,
“Go to any of the great industrial centers
and see how large capital and concentrated,
systematized methods of business have devel-
oped and rewarded poor men who bring intel-
ligence to their tasks. If that isn’t a good
sign for the present and the future, then my
experience and observation go for nothing.
“In my, judgment the great organizers,
such men as John D. Rockefeller and
Andrew Carnegie, have actually done more
for the country, more for the masses, than
Pe rr ne any
Ie
——
JAMES CREELMAN 125
‘any other men, with the possible exception of
the inventors. Of course I do not approve of
the advantage secured by Mr. Rockefeller
through secret railroad rebates. Yet, that °
was not his fault so much as the fault of dur
laws or our administration of the laws. They
were all the same game, He simply played
it better and on a larger scale. Human nature
is not perfect and, so long as we leave such
opportunities to business men, we must ex-
pect them to take advantages where they can.
“Tf Mr. Rockefeller were born to-day, he
could, I believe, do pretty nearly as well as he
has done. The opportunities for success of
all kinds are just as great, greater, I think,
than when he started in as a poor boy.
“As I look at it, Mr. Rockefeller has never
been able to draw his wages for what he has
done for the world. He hasn’t been even half
paid for his work. What has he got out of it?
A lot of tin boxes full of bonds that are of no
use to him or to anybody else.
“If the Standard Oil Company were to be ;
divided up into a hundred different pro-
prictorships and managements to-day, re-
fined oil would be selling for twenty-five per
Cent. more within ten years, I have bought
lubricating oil for $21 a ton and, with all my
knowledge of the technique, I cannot see how
it can be made at that price, ‘
“T believe that if all the manufacturing
businesses that have been merged into great
central systems should be forced back into
their original units of organization, most of
the products of industry would cost twenty
Per cent. more actually to make than we can
buy them for now. :
“Take two large manufacturing works
competing with each other. One is managed
by a man who is a. logical thinker, the other
by a man who is not. Now, if competition
is close, the thinker improves his methods,
while the other man simply cuts down
Wages or gocs out of business,”
It is hard to describe Mr. Edison in
moments of enthusiasm. He is so strong
and quiet and the shine in his eyes is so soft
in moods of mental or spiritual exaltation
that one gets orily a sense of tranquil cheer-
fulness. Then comes an eye-flash, a raising
of the brows and. relaxation of the mouth,
and his face has instantly the glow and
glory of inspiration. It was so at that
moment. And the sun, shining across the
little row of geraniums in the window, made
a very striking picture of him,
“Pessimism is out of place in this coun-
try,” he said. '“We are all advancing to-
gether, and there is every reason for hope
and confidence. The improyement in rapid
transit facilities will enable working-men to
move out into the green country, away from
congested centers of population where a poor
man has to live in a sort of sarcophagus,
with a sewer under it, Every man who
works ought to have a bit of garden, That
will come through rapid transit, in the near
future, The improvement in methods of
production will also make it possible soon
to build workmen’s houses for half what it
costs now. These houses can be built away
from the city, for the day is not far off when
we shall have networks of suburban electric
railroads, with trains running at different
tates of speed up to fifty miles an hour.
“The cost of living is going down and
wages are going up, that is, the wages for
intelligent work. Practically everything a
Poor man uses, except food, is cheaper. The
demand for food is limited, but the demand
-for everything else is practically unlimited,
Look back over the last twenty years, and
you will at once see how scientific methods
and genius for organization have lowered
the cost of nearly everything except food.
“The price of food will come down, too,
Look at what that great man Luther Bur-
bank is doing to improve the foods : pro-
duced by the earth. He has started a new
epoch in experimental agriculture, and prob-
ably in a few years the results of his work
will be shown in better food and infinitely
cheaper prices. Mr. Burbank is really: a
Very greatman, He plants a. thousand things
of one kind and, as they grow, his cagle eye
detects the variations; then he works on
the variations to reach a higher plane. That
is my own method of work. The Govern-
ment will in time take up that work, and
we shall have thousands of men all over
~
\n
the country spreading knowledge of and .
applying the new methods. That means
better and cheaper food.
“There are a number of men working on
the problem of a nitrogenous fertilizer taken
from the air by electricity. They are mak-
ing distinct progress. The salient product
is cyanamide. That one discovery will in
time double the value of agricultural land,
or cut the price of agricultural food products
in..two, The government experimenters
have found a feldspar, which can be had in
great quantities, and which, when ground
sufficiently fine, will give up potash to plant
126 ; THE CRY FOR “BRAINS"
life. These two improvements will probably
enable a farmer to grow fifty bushels where
he can grow only twenty bushels now.
“Professor Fisher has actually produced
albumen from inorganic material. It is a
peptone. If that sort of thing keeps on we
shall soon be able to make eggs for break-
fast out of air, water and stone, minus the
organic principle of life.‘
“TI mention things like these merely to
call attention to the fact that we are moving
toward better times, and that life is growing
easier, not harder, As I see it, the con-
dition of the man who rises above the dead
line of mental mediocrity or inertia has
greatly improved, and improves every year.”
“But how about the man below that dead
line?” I asked, :
Mr. Edison leaned his head on his hand
and blinked his eyes. :
“His only hope is to be found in the
schoolhouse,” he said, with great’ earnest-
ness. “That is to be his salvation, We
must protect him by good laws, honestly
enforced, and see that the means of edu-
cation are open to him. Beyond: that no
one can help him but himself. But the
whole tendency of the age, which is calling
for increased knowledge and intelligence, is
to draw him up out of the rut. :
“The labor unions could do much to ad-
vance the.working-man if they did not insist
on pulling good men down to the level of
inferior men. The trouble is that, as a
rule, they don’t employ their best men to
manage their business, as employers do.
They ignore their wisest men and follow
the biggest blow-hards. Under the leader-
ship of such men as Mr. Arthur, the late’
chief of the Brotherhood of Locomotive
Engineers, the labor unions might become
a great power for good.
“Looking over the whole country, I have
come .to the conclusion that the greatest
factor in our progress has been the news-
Paper press. Russia is much bigger than
this country in every way. She has a tre-
mendous population and immense natural
resources, Yet she is fifty times ‘slower.
Why? Because she lacks the power of a
free press, She cannot unite or harmonize
her forces, But when we want to do any-
thing in America the newspapers take it
up. Everybody reads the newspapers, every-
body knows the situation, and we all act to-
gether. Thatis another way in which our en-
ergies are being centralized and systematized.”
That sincere _tribute to the practical +
value of newspapers from the master worker
of the busiest age in history recalls the fact
‘that Mr, Edison was himself an editor. It
was in his early days, when he emerged from
his newsboy carcer. He managed to get
some worn type and other damaged printer’s
apparatus, * With these he’ fitted up an old
car on the Grand Trunk Railway and issued .
The Grand Trunk Herald, a small sheet
bearing his name as editor. At the ‘same
time he carried on scientific experiments in
the car, He even attracted the attention of
the great engineer Stephenson and won a trib-
ute from the London Times. This stirred
his boyish heart and impelled him to fresh
experiments as his car moved up and down
the line, In a luckless moment a bottle of
phosphorus became uncorked and set fire to
the car, The conductor of the train threw
him and his apparatus‘ out of the car, after
boxing his ears, That boxing resulted in the
deafness which has been an impediment in
his work ever since.
In spite of that little tragedy, he threw
himself into the work of experimentation with
greater vigor than ever. It is said that his
telegraph line consisted of stovepipe wire
strung between two houses and insulated with
bottles, the magnets wound with wire and
wrapped in rags, and a, piece of spring brass
serving as the key. ‘This system was con-
nected with two cats, whose backs were vio-
lently rubbed by the young inventor; and, in
spite of their clawing and yowling, he man-
aged to develop a local current, but not of a
kind to work the line. oP as
After becoming a telegraph operator young
Edison gave an extraordinary illustration of
what ready intelligence can do even with
primitive means. The electric cable con-
necting Port Huron with Sarnia, its neighbor
city in Canada, was broken by the ice in the
Saint Clair River. All communication be-
tween the cities was completely stopped.
Leaping on a locomotive at Port Huron, Ed-
ison began to’ sound a message on the whistle,
using the dots and dashes of the Morse
telegraphic alphabet, “Hello, Sarnia! Do
you hear, Sarnia?’ For some time there
was no response across the mile and a half
of drifting ice. .But at last a locomotive
whistle in Sarnia answered. The signal had
attracted the attention of the Canadian
telegraph operator. From that time on the
cities were in communication. .
Tt is a far cry from these crude triumphs to
\e
—-
2
JAMES CREELMAN 127
the long struggles that ended in the incandes-
cent clectric light and the phonograph, yet,
all through these eventful years of alternate
disappointment and success, one can sce how
large organization and large capital were
necessary to the magnificent outcome of Mr.
Edison’s intelligent and neyer-ceasing toil,
One of Mr. Edison’s assistants has re-
corded the fact that, in working out the
phonograph, the inventor has spent from fif-
teen to twenty hours a day, for six or seven
months at a. stretch, shouting the word
“Spezia” against the wax cylinders, in his
effort to have the sibilants distinctly repro-
duced. The intense and prolonged Jabor
which has resulted in the new business-man's
phonograph can scarcely be realized. But it
took immense capital and a widespread or-
ganization to place the million or more pho-
nographs of all kinds now in use.
We are stirred by the story of Mr. Edison's
agonizing brain-concentration in the days and
nights when he sought to find a carbon fila-
ment of sufficient resisting power to obtain a
proper subdivision of incandescent light, of
how one filament after another was de-
stroyed, at the moment of apparent victory, by
delicate breaths of air, and of how he kept on,
without sleep, almost without food, while his
companions and assistants grew haggard and
faint, until at last his memory of what the
great Humboldt had written about the quali-
ties of a bamboo growing on the banks of the
Amazon suddenly solved the problem. We
remember that story, but we forget that Mr.
Edison was backed by a corporation with
ample capital. It was not enough to produce
one or a dozen or a hundred incandescent
lamps. To bring the invention within reach
of mankind generally it became necessary to
search the whole world for the right kind of
bamboo fiber. William Moore was sent to
search China and Japan. Frank McGowan
followed the course of the Amazon for twenty-
three hundred’ miles, investigating South
America from the Atlantic to the Pacific,
penetrating sections roamed by wild beasts
and hostile Indians, and finally, after great suf-
fering, completely disappearing. No trace of
him has since been found. Mr. Ricalton ex-
plored the jungles of Pondiclierry, Bangalore,
Madras, Bombay and Delhi, ascended the
Himalayas to an altitude of six thousand
feet, followed the Ganges to its mouth, inves-
tigated the thickets of the Irrawaddy as far as
- Mandalay and searched the Malay peninsula
and Ceylon. While Mr. Edison sat in the
stillness of his New Jersey laboratory study-
ing variations so delicate as to be scarcely ex-
pressible, his agents were to be found in the
remotest parts of the carth, braving dangers
and hardships in a search for a sufficicnt
supply of the right kind of bamboo fiber to
make the incandescent light a permanent
addition to the practical wealth of civilization,
The closer we study the record of Mr.
Edison’s achievements the more we are re-
minded of what Buckle wrote in his “His-
tory of Civilization in England”;
Of all the results which are produced among
a people by their climate, food, and soil, the
accumulation of wealth is the earliest, and in
many respects the most important. For, al-
though the rogress of knowledge eventually
accelerates: the increase of wealth, it is never-
theless certain that, in the first formation of
socicty, the wealth must accumulate before the
knowledge can begin. As long as every man
is engaged in collecting the materials necessary
for his own subsistence, there will be neither
leisure nor taste for higher pursuits; no science
can possibly be created, and the utmost that
can be effected will be an attempt to economize
labor by the contrivance of such rude and im-
perfect instruments as even the most barbarous
People are able to invent.
It what a people consume is always exactly
equal to what they possess, there will be no
residue, and, therefore, no capital being accu-
mulated, there will be no means by ‘iwhich the
unemployed classes may be maintained, But
if the produce is greater than the consump-
tion, an overplus arises, which, according to
well-known principles, increases itself, and
eventually becomes a fund out of which, im-
mediately or remotely, every one is supported
who does not create the wealth upon which he
lives, And now it is that the existence of an
intellectual class first becomes Possible, be-
cause for the first time there exists a previous
accumulation, by means of which men can use
what they did not produce, and are thus ene
abled to devote themselves to subjects for
which at an earlier period the Presstire of their
daily wants would have left them no time.
Thus it is that of all the great social im-
provements the accumulation of wealth must
be the first, because without it there can be
neither taste nor leisure for that acquisition of
knowledge on which, as I shall hereafter Prove,
the progress of civilization depends.
“The man who believes that the growth
of great private fortunes and the concentra-
tion of corporate systems make against the
real progress of the country and the better-
ment of general conditions of life, doesn't
know on which side his bread is buttered,”
said Mr. Edison, ;
Wagart, We J.—hivermaet.
an, Ley
OCT 18 186
“.¢Your La are known throughout
“] the world, t .
es, ‘sf _
ust tell ue ‘ot 'a “taw.
“Phonograph, Incandescent ‘ight, | auad-
tuplex telegraphy, telephone , transmitter,
1| furoscope, mimeograph, kinetoucope, mng-
| metic concentration of ore, phonoplex sya:
tem of telegraph, «nickel fron’ atorago bat- Uv
"answered the wizard, Peet ‘
sin bs I don't want 8 arn on Sy ore be
eaty, but your name Js protty. Wall known | 77
and wort agood deal tory 2
commending It
aioe of all aches and Palen was
shown he witness, n
paras
it drove!
an lta
fur! ing Company, a’ ay SLY |
King that the La dom. ,
ono Tho ‘witness gatd he knew ‘the medicine
t is | was being mankfactured ‘frat ti Boston [4s
1 | by the Bento Company, but after warning H
ors, | the concern he. beard nothing of the} a
rere preparation - puntll the - Edison 'Polyform
fore | Company -put {ton the market, That hi
tlon | company Was’ capitalized at $600,000, and
-out | tssued%0,000 shares ‘of stock at $10 each, v
tho | Tha ;atock, controled by’ Bi of
*: fowns | 4,998- to
ton | vIn ‘opentis’.the mult dar. ncCurtor sald th
cut | that, his clicnt, ‘white suffering from pains
. of | andiches “invented “the ..polyform, ’ It {
F @ morchantable “article, , he satd, ast:
tho materials used wero too expensive tole:
put on the. market, and In selling it to Mr, |!
ff Lawis oo personal agreenient :was, made,
of | which “was ‘to be alent 80 ‘far’ ‘na the | U2
In- { formula went. |. tr
ng | Mr. BfeCarter said tho formula used by
.. [the Polyform concern was different from
1," | tho ono used. by Mr. Edison,
mt
ey TAFT NOT ‘A CANDIDATE, HE SAYS, or
ent RICHMOND, Va. Mae se
™M fhe the ose"
be
J. > Molter, ‘of }
HIM, ‘of New. ‘Yor!
Seicare, and J,
He organized +a
= SS pee
4 of tte 8 by’ the company’s Inwyer to
‘mn- , tha’ fo entor ‘It anya: “We -have Jcoretully
ho papera held - by: our Tilent
you™ that ho’ ts’ rightfully
his iirc “t re, 0
} “pdison“dented thit h8 had % ‘over ‘gold he
¢ the formuta, to’ ‘Lewis/for the purpose of| +
> Were] putting it on the market” in the way of an] to!
ide by | assignment,-as he“ sald 1t* "had been agreed | tg i
would | not to do that. z d
.| bury July 4,4
~ | at Bunbury. 1
[PHOTOCOPY]
Te
The first direct current Edison dyna.
mM operated ju the United States yas,
ted by Thoins, b Eaganent' | Sun-
. “The central station Bt
“Ot 19 1996
EDISO vis AN KILLER.
‘to Mayo Its Manufaote
te a "\pxcontinued.
idison, tho inventor, figure
t Thora Nira ult in: tho Court of
Ghancory hofore Vice-Chancellor Biever ;
in Nowark yestorday, in whiolt nls ea ae
was Attornoy-Gonoral Haber! socariee
‘Now ‘Jersey. Mr. Kdiro the
se ws enjoin a patent. sonsticinn. cae
: ange ‘orgiilied under the laws of Now,
Tereoy. from continuing the manufacture
sand sale-of a pain killer, of which, Edison
igdmitted ho was tho inventor. .
‘ ‘The defendant company was the Edison |
Polyform and Manufacturing Company
‘and consists of Wilbur L, Beatty and Goores,
J. Moler of Chicago and Tracy Horton of ,
Newark. Mr. Qdison'’s bit averrod that
the ‘company has been using his photo-~
raph and, an alleged cortificate from a
which ho repudiated, attesting to his bet
nventor of the drug. 7 fy
pire further alleged in the bill of fhe
‘complainant that “tho action of the: do-
fondant company in olan Out ith prepara
tion as an invention of Th Ay Edina
‘ coive and defraud the publig
lene gronuy injre the complainant ¢ repute
tion as an inventor by p. on the
i iment and other medic!
pate fvuntion and manufacture of, the
complainant.” dieaa cal
. vitness stand, Mr. Ediso
mivtnd ‘that in 1879, while he had his labors
tory at Menlo Park, ho dovised a formula
fora pain raliover and that he had sold
the formula to three men, 0 LAL enti
ther with the right to
Protire aad coll the compound, Ho denied
that ett dowato_athore ‘but, insisted
the formula down to PY Hstod
ebasion was a personal one.
i that aloe Be Hill, coun) for, he dofenda
j tended fn
Ped neht as assignee of the concern
«which Mr. Edison sold his’ formula to ur
it-and- manufacture and sell the propat
jon with the use of.the inventor’s hame 5
f@r hoaring.tho testimony and. arg ;
nt the Court reserved decision: a
y anil Sato
fob
AN.COMMERCINY
MOT: 19.1986
{ EDISON SUES MEDICINE Co, .
Says His Photograph and Certificate Are
u Used by Drug Manufacturers,
Thomas A, Edison, the inventor, Agured
complainant in a suts in the court of
wpuuncery before View-Chanvellor Stevens, i
ewark, yesterday, in which lus counsel
vag Attorney-General Rohert Il MeCars
“ter of New Jersey, Mr, Mdison asked the
court to enjoin a patent medicine com.
pany from continuing the nianufacture
nad sale of a “pain killer * of which di
sou admitted he was the inventor, <
«Fhe defendant company was the Edjson
-Polyform & Manufacturing: Co, and cone,
sista of Wilbur UL, Beatty and George J.
Meler of Chicago. ard Traey Horton, of
Newark. Mr. Mdlson's bi ‘avorred ‘chat
the company has heen using his photo-
graph and an alloged certificate from him,
which ‘he repudiated, attesting to lls be:
ing the Inventor of the drug.
u xD) tt
"Sr York Times
OF 19 1998
EDISON SUES FOR FORMULA.
Inventor Saya a Remedy He Com.
pounded ts Sold Wegally, :
:
Thomas A. Edison was a witness beforo ;
Vicahancenorstayons in Newark yes-;
terday tn a suit ho has brought to re-{
strain the Edison Polyform and Manuface+
turing Company fiom using his ‘photo-
¢mph tind name on the labels of a patent
lintment manufactured and sold by’ It.
He also asks for the income and profits
wWleged to have been’ unlawfully derived
oy the use of hia name.
Mr. Edison testified that while suffer-
ng from neuralgin at Mento Park in 1870
ye mixed @ preparation which gave him
‘ollef, Ho recommended tt to Charjes H,
uewls, a frlend,-of Camden, Me, who
Mfered to buy the formula for $5,000,
.On May. 18, 1003, necording to the com-
Mainant’s bil, Wilbur L. Beaty, George J,
Meler of Chicago, and J, ‘Tracy Morton
a¢ Nowark organized tho defendant core
yoration to ‘enrry on the manufacture
ind sale of the Iniment, The defendant
toncern, in Its answer, says It recelved
in assignmont of the formula from Lewts
ind produced a certificate stating, that
the formula was devised by the: com.
yiainant. ‘
“Mr. Edison disclaims nithorshtp of the’
tertificate, and he satd that ho had rec~
ammended It to Lewis with the tnder=
itanding that it was not te bo put upon
she market. Ho applied for 1 patent, but
ind never recelved one. The complafnant
so naserts that the matoriala used in
the formula are too expesive to be put
an the market, and‘he charges the de-
fendant_ with deception sand raid. -
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
[PHOTOCOPY]
For the wesck of
SUNDAY, OGTOBER 21. 1906.
(Copstight, 1908, by the Press Publishing
" Company, New York World.)
| omas Gh Edvoon.
(Cons Igoe.
The Great Inventor’s New Battery that is to
Put. Both the Trolley and the Horse Cut of
Business, and Fis Cement Process, by Which
an Entire House is to be Cast in Gne Piece.
Sipe mecemai bcos PR eee eae ae tA Yemen Nas Bite eas Dian tein HEN ees
LSON“AND HIS AUTOMOBILE IN WHICH
ee 15.A SET OF NEW EDISON BATTERIES
By J. H: Adams.
HAVE found the metal!” safd Thomas
A. Edison, “and the problem has
been solved.”
The great inventor was speaking
tined to revolutionize transit facilities and drive
horses off the streets of all large cities,
Running the gantlet of the high fence about the
laboratory, the guard at the wicket gate and the
numerous Sentinels in the form of workmen who are
always on guard to keep the intruder from en-
croaching on the time of the busiest Inventor in the
world, the writer bearded the lion in his den up on
‘the second floor of the great laboratory at West
Orange, N. J., and after persuading him that the
world was anxious to learn of his latest discoveries,
especially in the line of storage batteries and cement,
Mr. Edison talked with great’ freedom. Baap
“Singularly enough,” said Mr. Edison, speaking
of the battery, “after years of study and hard [a-
bor, to say nothing of the enormous expense, it
all came out right one day and now it is an ac-
complished fact. 1 have found the metal; that
solves the problem.”
"Mr. Edison was speaking of his new cokalt Pro.
cess, which has produced a metallic compound
that revolutionizes the making of electric Storage
batteries.“ It was to find the necessary cobalt
especially in. the South, R ;
* “See that new factory going up ‘over. thera}:
SPATE PR ee
i Sa ena esas aro
N.HIS TIACHINE, SHOP
teries in. We will turn out 1,000 a day at first;
to me of his wonderful new battery which is des- -.
* that Mr. Edison made his recent extensive Journeys,
he continued, pinting out the window, “well, that).
huge building 1 am putting’up, to make the bats’:
[PHOTOCOPY]
then, as the demand Increases, the force will be en-
Jarged to cope with the business, and from pres-
ent prospects the business will be larger than we
shall be able to handle without building new
factories.”
Perhaps few people Brasp the full meaning of
this new battery, its significance to traffic in great
cities and its future in economies.
For the present just figure it out this way: It
means that every ‘electric engine, automobile and
trolley will be as out of date as is a Stage-coach
to-day. It means the rapid exile of the horse from
city streets and the removal of every trolley wire.
"When asked how long he had been working on
this battery, Mr. Edison replied that it had been
the work of years.
“No one has any conception of the vast amount ;
of Search and research that has been necessary in
order to arrive where 1 have arrived to-day, and
now that it is in hand and tangible, it makes me
feel foolish to find how easy it is when you only
know how. 5
“But Iam very well satistied with results, and
next spring the electric automobiles will have the
new batteries, for we are working on them now.
“This battery problem has been athard one to
Solve, but with the Proper conductor added to
iron and nickel, | found a way in which it could
be made absolutely operative and Permanent.
“By this I mean that the result is so far su-
perior to the old lead battery as to place it-in a
class by itself. For instance, a lead Fattery, weigh-
ing 100 pounds, was capable of doing work for
something under two years; then it became useless, .
This new battery, weighing thirty pounds, will do
the same work and last from three to six times as.
‘long. It has a completely reorganized construction :
with new active ‘materials and will not Slop over.
4s 4 sulphuric acid battery is bound to do if
tipped; and at the same time it is devoid of the
noxious fumes that make (ie sulphuric acid -bat-
tery 3 disagreeable thing to ride with.”
TT What of the old batteries, Mr. Edison?” :
“We made something like 25,000 of them; the
Adams Express Co., Tiffany, Gorham and other
+ concerns used them and are still using them with
good results, But we have stopped making them, ..
The new ones will be so far superior that nothing
can approach them. ° ” :
“It was necessary’to produce a battery within
the reach of everybody, which could do its work
at a lower cost than horses could do it. There
Is nothing dangerous about the electric car; it
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
runs smoothly and noislessly; there is no Kick to
it and it will not vibrate and shake everything
loose as a gasolene car will do in time. Any man
instruction, gam handle ay elec
with a few minutes
tric vehicle with perfect safety, while it takes an
experienced man to become master of a gasolene
or steam truck.”
“Do you’ consider the present battery absolutely
perfect and complete?”
“No,” replied the inventor, “It is away ahead of
anything yet produced and jt is fully up to my
expectations and will work wonders in propulsion,
but It would be foolish for me to say it is perfect.
Nothing is perfect in this workt—that is of man's
invention. I have men out all over the country
searching—some in the South, some in the West
and occasionally [ take a flying trip to dig up
some information that may lead to more light.”
“What about the battery for high speed?”
“If you had gone out to the course on Friday
before the Vanderbilt Cup race, you would have
seen something to open your eyes as regards
speed. We took an Adams Express truck carrying
fifty batteries, and on the floor of the truck we
placed 130 more new model batteries. The truck
crossed the Thirty-fourth street ferry to Long Island
City and struck the road for Mineola. It crawled
along at comparatively slow speed and retarded the
procession of autos that followed. People in these
tired of being held back and all sorts of verbal
volleys were hurled at the chauffeur. Suddenly,
power was turned on and the heavy, lumbering
truck shot ahead at the rate of sixty miles an
hour, to the astonishment of the on-lookers. Then
it slacked speed and waited for the procession.
These spurts of speed were repeated several times
and many people were curious to know what the
tremendous power was that could Propel a heavy
truck like that at such a speed. They were sur-
prised to_know that the new Edison battery was
the cause.” *
“Is the battery the only important thing you are
working on now, Mr. Edison?”
“No,” replied the wizard with a merry twinkle in
his eye, “there are other things, lots of them,
but the world must wait, it will get the benefit
in time. We are on the eve of a new revelation,
As soon as electricity is generated direct from
fuel without the aid of the steam engine and
boiler, great changes will take place in the econom-
ical construction of business, transportation and
living.
“Are you working on the problem, Mr. Edison?”
“Wait until I get this battery off my hands, then
. we will see about Senerating the ‘Juice’ to charge
“them with.”
“What have you done with radium?” Mr. Edison
was asked.
“We got pretty close to the stuff,” Mr. Edison
replied, “and perhaps if we had progressed as fae
vorably as we were doing we should have been
close to the mark to-day, but we produced enough
to have a very bad eifect on some of the men.
There Mrs. Edison stepped in and said 1 must stop.
It affected me, too, and 3 man has a good deal
of respect for his wife, at feast he ought to have,
so | gave it up. 1 was sorry, too, for it was a
fascinating search.”
“And what about the cement proposition; is that
a success?”
“Yes, indeed, it is a booming enterprise. We have
y Easton,
of the
1 plant at Stewartsville, Ne Ju, just &:
that will soon be turning out 10,000 t
finest grade of Portland hydraulic cement daily.
tien; it
Amine mitertal For cor
Supersedes stone and is vastly cheaper to use than’
any other material, fs
“This cement mixed with gravel, sand and
water makes a concrete that when hard will defy
dynamite. If the buildings of San Francisco had
been of hydraulic concrete, nine-tenths of them
would he standing to-day.
“Il inave in mind a complete portable mould for
a house of moderate size and design, the plans to
be drawn by some prominent architect. This
mould could be set up and within a day or twa
the concrete poured in and tamped down and in
4 week or so the moulds could be removed. Thus
a complete cast stone house would be made, in-
cluding casing, interior divisions, fireplaces, chim-
neys; everything but plastering, decorating, the
windows and furniture.
“These houses would be for workmen near
large manufacturing plants; they would be warm
in winter, cool in summer, far cheaper than the
average house built to-day, and would last for
a hundred years.”
When asked if he had done anything with the
air ship, Mr. Edison was reluctant to talk.
“I believe,” he answered, “that aerial torpedo
ships would furnish us with protection from
hostile war .vessels, but I have’ not had time to
take the matter up. Its results would be too ter-
rible; the fearful destruction wrought by the drop-
ping of high explosives would soon be a menace
that could not be tolerated. The schoolhouse and
The Hague Tribunal will solve the question of
warfare.”
“Will you continue to electrify the world with
new inventions?"
“When the things.1 have under way are perfected
and completed I shall give up industrial and econom-
ical inventing and take up the investigation of
natural phenomena; the cause of electricity, what
it is and how it works; the cause of disease, par-
ticularly the afflictions which Seem to be incur-
able; cancer, leprosy, consumption.
“TL have been deeply ‘interested in Burtank's
methods of horticulture, the development of plant
life by natural Selection, and in this there is a
Great future.
“When in Paris 1 asked the eminent scientist Du-
bois what makes my finger go when I move it?
What force telegraphs from my brain to my toe
when I move it? He looked at me and said frank-
ly: ‘Monsieur Edison, 1 have been Working for
thirty years on that question ‘and it ts still une
answered,’
“These and other things interest me deeply and
soon I hope to take them: up. The phonograph,
battery, cement Works and other things will make
the path easier, and then I-shall ride my hobby of
Sclence. When the question of electricity was
taken up, as you know, all the experiments were
all made here at the laboratory. Many things that
Occurred then are still fresh in my mind, and
while the result was evident the cause was vague
“Are we far advanced? you ask. No, no; we are
living on the Tagged edge of knowledge; we dre
still very low down; we do not know one one- -
thousandth part Of one per cent. as yet, but ye
are learning.”
(sen rition in’ Eating as 2 Promoter | {
" “of Buoyant Health aud Work -
i Ia Stimulna to Great Ac--
‘ : OO sas .
pseian tho Wizard of Monto Park}.
talks tor “publication” ho has something to
say, that fs worth saying and, thoughtful
people} sit up and Msten. In a talk with}.
fcarrgsnondent of the Now York World,
the’ ot
don't; worle enough.” In, support, of, this
Jaweep rd decluration tho wizard sald:
oa “The faverago_: mi
‘oft! and would do. very. much better |"
dt fapor“u™ Mttle* hiirder:?: Monn!
Would .be_much_bet- |:
ho would, cut‘ down' his; food’and |!
teak
dwich, a little bit of ham, a trag-
x frye: bread with Swiss cheeso and:
‘Ho" Gus.
ea That vas tho result? At tho ond of two
13 of this dldt I welghed just as much
hon I began, exactly 185 pounds,
found that Iving on twelve ounces of
ya day for four weeks had made mo
.Mejtally” brighter and had_nelther dimin-
et. Iny strength nor my welght, And
“mint you, I had been working just as hard’
bay Jetore I cut down tho size of my meals,
‘=“fou: know about Louls Cornaro, , the
* -complishments, \ | vou tin, who wrote a,book on how to live
tele agi had ‘lived a Ife of oxcess, until”
“a8
early forty years old. Ho was
well) inplancholy and could. accomplish
notting; Mis doctors told him he was on
the’utratght rond to death. Then ha do-
e!
pr
Ipy}:change he mado was to eat tess.
er day, nm declared that bs 4:
‘people (“eat $60 much, ‘sleop too.much and a grewistrong, his mind becamo brighter
smore cheerful and ho lived. to a. hun-
ar I .yeara old.
he sare ad twor (yeara rota. © My. “g
and’ sleep themselves: stupid: Sometimes Log—pats- cold. ‘All three wero disciples: of
: they. eat, and sleep “themaclves* into “the
' That Is, absolute) nonsense. Generally
| aoc he f man can't work too hard.’ I¢ |:
docs him good.
|) why,’ I’'va worked for “flve anys and
tights § without sleep and with very little
}food, and did as good work In those condl-+
\tlons as I over did in my life. ‘That was
twhon-I! was working out the incandescent |:
Aight Adea, It's all o matter of habit.
: Short: Nations as n Cure,
sho ‘continued. “I didn't know what was
ithe “matter, -but I imagine’ now that tt
vas the X-ray that caused some:internal |
jeountriction. It also drow. my ‘lett - cya,
'
ee” disappearcd.
bs begun! to experiment with my dict to sce!
;what, would come of ft. I hud always been’
‘s toed ca but I decided’ to cut down,
Of ‘courso:T. o.'T. varied
CAimebcde
a
Hy grave, - +! They ‘talk about working too hard. }-’
7 ome time ago. my stomach troubled me," ©
of: focus, although that. trouble has:
"However, when my trouble was acute’ tai ¢ jrequires threo or four pounds of
Corar and: lived aeconiing’to his idens.”
food a day I was taking no exer-
had been walking ahout my lab-
py down stairs n good deal, T would have
ay four or fiva ounces more of. food a
| to Tako up for tho waste tissue. But
"can be no doubt that twelve ounces
nO physical exercise.
‘blg eater Ins got to’ take exeretso—
oubt nbout that; J. 1s an absolute ne-
Biity. . iThe great masges ‘or ten engaged
“ink fanual toll need plenty of food simply |:
because: they have, , Plenty of bodily exer-
my sudgment, a hod-eartier, for Ine
ippler man on pet
_ appalling “to kno
would taxo a feaapgontul of;
mall piece of toastjand) caviar, at
“to change his way of tying... The,
es trgth “Is that™ this
ther Hved"- to bo: a - “hundred” and |:
pt mien “and” othors who do. Utlls
physica) work’ stuff sthemsejves..- There -fs
ho sonse in It. It means ‘dullness, disease
and carly death, It is an extraordinary,
thing to observe how great business ‘men;
tho lawyers, doctors ‘and clergymen of
New York, men who show the highest,
intelligehce in ordinary matters,. ‘continue
inst nature by overeating, |
Mghtest practical investigation of
tho evifenco on the subject would' prove’
to.them that they are ologged up with’
undigested ‘food. A short trial’ of a
scantion dlet would improva’ tholr' mental
and physical condition and mato work’ ao
Pleasur¢ to thom, ‘Yet they go right’ on
Mlng themselves up simply to (Braalty an
appetite born of habit,
“A’ man, after all,’ is. almply an engine
‘and bis stomach is.a.furnnce. if you put
too much’ coal in a furnace tho Srate bars
will be clogged up and you will get worse’
Instead of better work out of tho engine,
-Habit of Overslecping,
“As for sicep, that ts another prevailing,
form of intemperance. - People ‘sleep: toa!
much, } Thoy. drug themselves with sleep.
vice’ of ‘Oversleeping
abit. ; } ‘
¢-nltman:qwill only, Ary, to, get along with
jess, sleep"ha' will’ be “surprin dlacnver
how little: he:'really--noeds.- “And! he“ will:
find his faculties: _very -much * Improved, by
the offort. F
“It In not so much ‘the. quantity as. the:
quality of sleep that counts. Tho’ men; who:
Hes elght. or nine. hours .in ‘bed, to: 5
about from tlme:to. time, doesn't got any-
thing Hike an much: rest-as tho man-who
sleeps'soundly for five hours, vs
“T guid that I had worked on, the. ins
candescent light problem for five days ‘and.
dee nights without sleop. Well, after’ that:
I slept. twenty. hours. But ‘it. wan a. fine,
deep, refreshing sleep. - After I’ ga
“Went at my work’ aa strong ond Ix
over. ;
“Wo nro slaves to sleep," he sald.
for hhistance, « ‘should we go-to sleep. at:
“night?, Tho only alfterenco between; night
and day {s,that the sin goes. down in.one‘
case. nnd comes up'in the other. \Whatj
difference’ ‘should that’ make?” L suppor
‘is‘almply hablt- acquired’ through thousands:
of years of ancestry. We have become like |
——
Sy vince epee tog ag yearn Ron cea en omen me tnt
\hard ‘work “as* injurious, “You gee, | Mr.
‘This-and-That-and-the-Other-Follow | an-
-nouncing that ho has been working very
hdrd/and must go off to Europo for u rest,
‘Bosh!’ ‘He has been cating’ and drinking
ted much and hasn't worked half enough.
“Tho henithy man-can’t work too hard or
too much, When his work tires him out he
Swill. Ko to sleep and will get tho right kind
of sleep. - Not only I but my assistants work
‘frequently for days and days with practic-
Ally no sleep, or very little, and we all feel
hatter off for it. It makes us brighter and
it'makes us feel better. * va
*- “Work, hard work, simply puts an edge
on ®& man for moro hard work. If he fs diit!'|
ond ‘can't sleep, Iet him work a Ilttle more.
It'that doesn't help matters, let ‘him work
still-moro and still harder, In the ond he
will come out all right. .
«Nor does hard work shorten a mun’s life,
Took at Gladstone and Bismarck. Look at,
Chevroul, tho greut French ‘chemist, lece!
turing in Paris at tho age of 100 years, Look
atthe tremendous workers In all countries:
who -have lived. to be very old men. ‘They
lived temperately, didn’t overcat ‘or over-"
sleep /and, I. believe, ‘actually, prolonged’
their lives by the wholesome stimulation of:
rd work. ; ° ® i" #568
ome men thlak,that after-n good day's
work] they can best stimulate themselves by
taking’ a Uttle whisky or veer Or wine. ‘In!
my. Gwyn. caso'I find that the best way to”
sultinte myself after a day's work ‘Is to.
work, gt night. That's fine, . . =
% "a ye.1 am, &® man approaching years,
and seo how strong and active I am.’ The:
grea e6t pleasure in my tlfe is work. I get’
out Ofibed at 6 o'clock In the morning,’ take
® WOlle out among tho trees and birds and
{elt Jarouna, Teading the’ newspapers until:
tho:-folks. get up, which ia ut about 420°
ology” Then I: take my brenkfast avith:
them “and ‘go’ to work. “1 keep at my! task
unt! out 6 o'clock in the afternoon. ‘Then!
ne to'dinner, Igenerally ge! to the!
when’ the dessert Js being served, and!
through’ my meal as soon as: the:
: Tseldom waste more than five-ml
ho’ table, ‘Then I get out‘my not
books cand work until 11 or 12° o'clock: at.
night ‘Preparing for the next day. After!
thats é4 and’ a ‘ne sleep.“ That's ‘the way:
You” hope - to’ accomplish ‘an:
4
seep batcae nutter, 2" ities
tert epee rece Anes
that my stomach..can.take care‘of: it.an
how, It's the man wiio:over-eats, the man}
who stuffs himself who must, be| careful,
about how ho eats, Vi? 5
“I say that a man can't work too. hard,
and I mean it. But, of course, I ‘refer ‘to
the work’ that-a man Ilkes—work that ,tn-
terosta his mind and {s suitable \to his’
strength, I admit thet a man can\ injure’
himself by working hard at anything|that ts
distasteful to him. It's the worry, ‘the frot-"
ting, that hurts. A man can work tod hard
in any gambling kind of business. Look at-
the mon In Wall street!” That Ifo. {s\sim-:
ply awful, I don't mean that kind of thing
when I. say tho harder a man works| the:
better off and happler and brighter ho iss eo
mean legitimate work in-which a” an ac:
complishes something real, produce: “some-{
thing of value.””." ~ ES ee
on
‘ees ; mre is F
‘e.What ts sald ta be the ‘at carga’
Uinor"S of ‘cobalt over may In, ha:
mited States In soqn to be sent) to?
homas A, Edison’ from the Standard’
onfolidated mine -In tho Quartzburg!
strict, Grant county, Oregon, .
' Saylor, formerly superintend.
ef.the Spokana high schoal, who guar!
Sengstully flnanged the Standard {n the
east, pradj & Breat: future for . tha:
yoporty,:: oii Raa
“itNVO had.a@ 60. ton: mtly Installed iat:
the mino list Aprii,!" stated Mr, Saylor.
fre! was ‘deolded Inj August to double
jthe capacity of the machinery. and ‘on
December 13 a'100 ton’: plant . began’.
hyericing at the ming, .- ' ath ay
fovtPho ‘property: isa cobalt-gold-qop-.
}Per proposition and {8 the only’ realy
cobalt ‘ming ‘in the United States, ' Wea;
Thayo 440 ‘nores'of ground and 10 big!
ledges on tho property. We have coins-;
pleted arrangemonta to ship two cars,
loads of cobalt concentrates .a month
fto;Thomag-A. Edison, ‘Tho first ship-*
»ment js to, bo mado:this month and?
SWI beothe frat carload of cobalt ever:
[Uhtpped from any mine in tho. United :
Staten. Oth ona 2S SP tat
PAMr, Edison will ywso the cobalt: tn
his; blg manufacturing plant: tor .
new storage battertes,” . -. |
“7: 8inco the Btandard has’ been: succeay,
fully financed, Mr, ‘Baylor is now
‘financing. the, Gold Issue ‘mine, ” ad-’
Joining the Standard. . Ho hog resigned,
{his position 48 regent of the statesunty
ES a8 much. of his! time. wilt
taken up in. tho cast for the next
And‘ho foola-that he cannot ‘devotes
much’ time’ .to the ‘important matters ||
now.coming up in :connectlon iwith the):
ublversity. as 2 regent shquld give.’
sien Saylor wit Jeaye on January:
fer eLincoln, Nebraska, where she wilt;
establish “hig headquarters: for. a Jagge
Part¢,of the coming: year,.-He plang.t
EDISON'S. REPRE
k [TBPELOOKING
Ba ae
TATIVES
SENTATIVES :
ui
1,
Pepresenting
‘the: oxport-
r Mre Thomas A,
Orange, N. J., was h to visit‘
bla: good friend:Gen, J, D. Lewis, He has;
Row, gono to East Tenncsaseo, where ho,
Will" Join: Henry ©, Lowis, who iy prog!
Peoting in that section. Henry ©, Lewls
Js also‘a representative of Mr, Thomaa
A. Edison and ts.a hustling young man, ,
Ho: has-been working In the futorest of |
Mr.-Edinon in searching tor cobalt about
fourteon months and has beon vory sues,
ing...tho..mingral. Mr,
of ils; Mme for
inde: Volto’ ea
irouuymciuse lnG und or ine Seta
icAns of general’ conveyance’ nde
(Wbstitution ‘or: this, power, -Accordittig
published-reports'Mr,-Edteott' ho is
d that io will: be able to sell’at
ost of: $10, a cell a storage batt ry
Ut: 1g almost Indestructible. ‘Those nz
fon in automobiles: will. be greatly,
ei
created, to- learn. that it will ‘travel
000-miles before it is worn out; Bet
predicted. Twenty. cells wit do for 7
i bow t or brougham, and 60 cells
ua Ment for the largest and hed :
He used. “Foi $200’ one Will be
with tive ‘power, that wit
nowal for ‘18 years,» It app
e'battery. will be put,on the:
Cis RPP aN tess 7,
mo tine next’ spring. *” .
» frenton,
Graphophone’ Company ~
Chancery: Court: fora - Fecelv
Sdteou “Phonograph | Works of “or
Nandolph, William F,- Gilmore, .
Phonograph ‘and the National” Pho
Company, “bo ordered to‘ahow' the. astets. ‘and
protits of, tle :Edlson Phonograph ‘worked
alleged in, “the Bill to bei wrongful Agerted|
288 0 ORO ot aT tee
to the Edlaon’ Manufacti
wolvency’, is ot alteged.
ownn: 1,440 shares ot: the Ealeo “arhonégraph
Works, cand the bill ‘charges: that}this-com+
pany and Edison: in-1890 agreed to form-the
Viton +United Phonograph ‘Company,, which
ag to’ have close bysincas. relations with
the ‘stiteon Raped raph Works-nnd: to, hand)
honograpba “made “the latte! eomnany:
tis peso “charged that in’
soluces ‘Compa ia its Toned aby
hers and | Is atten:
Mbete otha eis
papasees
=a sean
te
——
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
000 E
ARI
MS tes:
ERS
af
FS to
A ee
SISA
rs)
pe
( Nine
“Presto! change!” the
fand a mystical movement offnls magic
~wand the magician of ,our, youthful
eading ‘gonverted pumpkins into,
aches and, reared palaces on barren
shiountains. It fs a sterile youth which
¥has not thrilled over the wonders of
‘the old tales of Eastern magic while
‘halt dreaming near the cozy flreaide.
Today. far greater Wonder a
‘Imaginary ones are. being performed
eevery day in the shops that lie,at the
foot ‘of Orange Mountain, in’ West
Orange. No my ‘ i
no magle word is” epoken, but tron,’
‘brass, wood, shellac, wax and other
things are brought together and “made
to speals, sing, pluy all sorts of music,
at the simple touch of a child's finger.
Nothing in‘the old tales is more Wwon-
derful, yet we have become so ‘nccus-
tomed to the operation of modern
magic under the prosaje name of busl-
negs, little thought fs given to the sub-
Sect slenmryasieyee Vie
It was more than twenty years ago
that Thomis A. Edison was dubbert
“the Wizard of Menlo Park." ‘That was
when he was shocking the conservatism
of foreign scientific societics and ‘asso-
elutions by doling things the most prom-
inent European scientists declared; to
be hmpossible. After he hid yighted
New York and other phices with the
divided “electric current by his fncan-
descent amps, hls, cognomen | was
seized upon by these sane scientists a8
giving some exphination of his ability
to do, What th deemed contrary to
established law. teoae 3
Wonderful Early lnventloy
But these early) inventions, g;
they ‘are, do not contain the ejey
wonder to they degree found jy ons
+phonograph. When'that Invention was
perfected “and announcement nade of
its possibililtes,{forelgn sclentists again
laughed, t1t was 0 good falry story, all
Heht, but, by Jove, you know, yer can't
mitke metal talk, doncher know,
2 Ju amrnee
Th Great Workshops of a Modern.»
.,.Magician Whose Wand, Is
" : ae Sea Year ea
Norm thun/a dozen chemists wereyin’ tie
than ‘these |.
laboratory swiththe, wizard working que)
some problem un which nis inind Is ft pres-
sent! centred. He never speak of werk he
may havo in hand, 7 EB
enn as bis Mr. Eilison.2"
Very interestihg xperlment.
he responded, with Its
eyes twin
Mr. .Edlson
Kept sto ote: famiiaré with bly
habit of wearlug: clothing shov i
stalns and marks ef telds and alkalles, Hix
face Jy smpoth, ani his’ ¢ye as cclear and
Kludl: son young bo, His complexton
Cota MAM tvexcellent lealth,
ae D ACPanntag, Reference,
“But you should cee ny
he salt when askel if h> v
it mitle,"*
fot prowl
of thé biz phonosraph plant. 2) 5
“They are acintle lens amt the cen.ent
the rati-
Bice ‘xyoes In ut one end fro
reat ears and fa loalet ax coms
We at the ote end withont having
wo hundied white te pasa) through the
varlous proeeases, The plane fs. entire
mathe snd whe, only worknren emplo:
wthose Who Icok after the nias
Slxon, do you take more pride in
your success ax au inventor or ag at mann:
facturer?”" Nei
Av Inventor, He Says, 1
“Oh, Taman Investor. Into manu
facturer, Mr. Webber, here, and the other
fellows, thoy are the manufacturers. ‘They
do all that To tmerely etek tosmy. pot
and kettles. in) tiOI aud batteries
They Wo the. real work’ Aud again his
twinkled. . rags. {
Ne hieless, every member of: his ex U
tlve stam is hv constant eommunication
With the Wizard and while lie may be ab-
sorbed In the study of sone dimeult
Jem he Isat all mes necesstpte' to ith
THE WONDERFUL PHONGGRAPH |. .
AND ITS PERFECT MECHANISM
rob. |
|
H
l
Two Thousand Operations Re|
fson Wax Taken by a Stat Photographer
ro0#
die sinkers and toolmakers’ department,
where all the stamping and punching dics
and most of the small tools uged in the
plant are nade, : 4
All the screws, stamped pieces, blanks,
etc, are carried from the muchine ‘shop
to the blg stock room, where they are
stored away in bins or, boxes to awalt
requisition orders from the | distributing:
clerks, } Nae ;
All the castings,* bases and frames are
at the preset made tinder contract by bis
foundry concerns, These ‘are received in
tho drill-presy room, where machines dvill
as many 8 twenty-one holes at one time.
All castligs go through the tumbling
boxes, fling and grinding room before
golng to the drill presses, From the Int-
ter they go to the japanning department,
where ‘they get thelr first coat of japan.
'Each casting Is phiced on the shelt of a
metal rack os It fs +japanned, and the
rack is then wheeled Into the baking oven,
{After remaining In the oven a) sultable
tlme the racks are removed to the deco-
rating room, where gstch’ decorations as
Hare to be applicd are put on. | Decilco-
mania transfers are used almost entirely
for thls work, which Is preserved by the
copal varnish cout which Js fhumediately
applied and baked,
~ eo
An Interesting Department.
The assembling buildings contain, the
most interesting departments in the mann
facture of the wonderfil Httle shacht
jand in thts Mnitding for the feat time the
purely meeliunfeal gives way to pre
thar are strange and uufamlllar. Tore ts
located the lipldaries’® room, where the
gapphires are gromul aud potlzhed fir tie
fine ‘points which travel on the allsht
groove in the avax revord aml carry t
vibrations 9 ty the dlaphragm —wileh
inakes the phonograph reproduce the sons,
talk or must. “Here also Is the tezting |
room, where sreproducer
through (ie hats of un expert
eur fs so tritlnod le edn detect th
est imperfectlon,
The assembling of themachine parts, the
gears and neuidye! on which the record fs
proved, takes pla 1 lower foorg. The
recomlers ant reproducers are put together
on an upper floor by workmen who are
not only, skilled artisans, but experts In
thelr particular business, They handic the
diiphragme, the lever arm and other delt-
cate mechanisin of the “spealcer,'” us it
fs called li shop phrageslogy, with appar:
ent Inattention, but every Mnger Is trated
as are the fiipers of a blind) person, “The
sense of touch is~aliioat ‘as vimportint in
GbEen! | ¢osteht
ists, “ikstrumontalists, full military or-
chestra \bands, etc. The original records
made at|the Now York studlos are heavily
n them are made mother records
in the yeame {manner The ‘mether rece
ords, ‘therefore, are gold cylinders con-
talning Jin enduring form the record as
It reach{us the consumer, and’ from these
mother}records the gold moulds or nmias-
ter ree6rds are made, which in turn pro-
duce ‘(he\ record? of commerce.
Coatlug (the Gold Mould With Wax.
It Is with these master records that the
150,000 a day are’ mate. They are -very
carefully preserved and are never out of
the ‘sight of a responsible foreman, :
The process of makiug the records {3
simple. The wax composition Is a sccret
of the business, and the formula fs in the
custody of trusted employees. The mix-
tro fs made In n locked department, tn
wich no ordinary: employee Js allowed to
enter, After mixture the secret ingredients
aro.added to great caldrons of heated wax
standing in batterics up and down ong of
the upper floors of the record building.
Over these kettles runs a ght line of
shutting. and above cach kettle of hot wax
{s a cylindrival, box-like frame, Into whieh
the master record fits snugly like a core.
When a battery is equipped with the nis-
ter records the cylndersholders are cone
nected
{th the light shafting, and at ace *
yo timed fitervals: the fuder and
nts are plunged into the hot wax,
" osurface of the mast scord,
thus receiving a cont of wax, When the
cperation Js complete the master record ts
removed from the cylinder box and, with
{ts still hot wax core Is placed in a lathe
and renined out and then carefully Ist on
a coollug frame... where the wax shortly.
shrinks just enough to free itself from the
gold mould, ¥
* Careful Inspes
tlon at Each Ste. =;
The partly le record Js then allowed
to become perfeetly cool on the box shelf
o€ 0 rack, whlelt is rolled, when filed, to
the InspeQors, ‘all of whom are young
women, and one of them haying a) con-
partment at egch window In the room. | 5
The record at this stage of its mann-
facture Nas at rough Inner rim at the top
and bottom and the imprint containing
{{s number and title inthe upper outside
edge. After Inspection these rough edges
are smoothed off with special tools, and
the Imprint receives its white enamel to
make the same Teglble. In- all) these
operations the records are continued In the
ug racks Into which they were
Heed sal that ie th fe ton
‘AS hine
fiat\would, permit you like
‘moving pictures ‘and hear the” "music | o'
or words spoken by those repreyented
sin the moving pictures at the/same
“Stime. Mr. Edison, -It appeared, was
quite sangulncy ‘about this, Ags acter
‘The: inant ‘Everybody has
one,” At least ‘twenty million records
have been ‘shipped from*the Edison
works thus ‘far this year, No ‘one
knows how many millions of them have
been made, They declaim, talk, sing,
Pe.
(
Ge
a Nerewenitkiox Mrepines,
. . oer
Cdiscureion aroxe, he entered te debate
+ and declared It his bellef reat Ina
1 short time people might both! hear’ and
“see sreat operas or plays while sitting
2) iby. their own flresides.
Was anothel laugh.
today that’Mr Eal-
years ahead of the
— Tien there
Ieveryone knows
«on Was only a few
* fact. i
YO the Late of dhe W onder or
Surrounded by retorts, eva aporat! ae beste
écfuming acids and the smell Orne isthe
of a chemical Inborator: St Bai0 ne the
* great plant recelved AEE PRANG
STAN represer ay i L
this Industrial story: wis ob tal ¥ Mr
“Eatson Is aetive, anid ate Lot Is xt
tot year stilt retains the Watltainy of j
his youth for favestigution aud ex?" ‘Miuente
: 3
Depurtnient.
pilpy waltz music, marching tunes, give
orchestral selcetions from the operas
or classical composers, in every city,
town ‘and hamlet In the world. It is
ry to say what the phono-
graph It has become a h tisehold
fixture everywhere,
But how fs it made? what magic
werds are used to produce the won-
{dertut ttle box? The answer fs sim-
Hard work, brains; the Chergy of
00 workmen and womens the ma-
hinery’ of a plant extendins over ten
unnee
Jacres of ground, and an executive es-
ablishment that looks after the least
details of manufacture, | IN place: of
magic, is work directed bs the best
thought of the exceutive staf In plice
2
whe Meture Shows About Oneequarter of One 5:
UL He AEE T Uhee
press, automatic athe,
punching machines,
’
System and Order Firat Ennentlal.
System, nccuracy, ae more ac.
and meta °
curacy and a Ittle nyore system, are thy
‘predominate principlts of the -Edlzon
or ste
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
[PHOTOCOPY]
wool, nleket,. ald, “and, finally,
Preclous, stone '»,, re,
To begin with, ‘all qastings, elther of tron
aro made.outside under: contract,
That es for nctual raw material to be
worked up the sheet}brass and steel used
for ithe working parts ‘of the phonograph,
the
Kesey
nan
ar He
Phonograph Works. These principles apply.
both to the nmmufacture of the plows:
graph as a machine ind ito the makliz
the wax records whiel § veonvert the Ret
chine Into a marvel,
These two Mrauches of the manufacture
are widely different. In one—the mak'ng
of the machine—practleaily every senployee
fs no skilful workman, Jn the other--the
making of the reeor je—miany women ns
well as meu aresouployed.
Both departments are hiterest! ny.
of them fs eaulpped with) the latest des
vices for facilitathi: production. Many
myehines are I use that bave been) spo-
clally “des ro work. Others are
famillax ts’ hines Jmpoved @
that they= perform the work of
On alt: sides! le wvine vot the wwatel ful
eve of the executive
“An the SLT
Each
{
srhese Da are received by the carlond
tIn sizes ‘and gauges’ sultable for the work.
‘The system iy peration sends all this
,, metal to lone recelving . department, It
foes into’ one'doorjor this Breat shop and
jfmmediutely ? Iproctdaa down.the Iine and
peomes out the lower jo iall shupes and
" forms. The" PCE] ving shop .jig/.also | the
spunehing ‘shop Gy) fast jas, the inetal
‘arrives It Is curfled fo the hundreds of
punching machiats and ts. punched into
} blanks, from which © all the parts of any
‘ phonograph are "gade, i
Rapld Consumption of Raw Stock,
Steel blanks for sear wheels; brass sex
for the end of thg record holder; pieces out
of which the recorders and every other part
fire inde, tumble Into great boxes from
{ the
each puuching machine. In another por-
tlon of the ‘same building, forming presses
take the blanksinnd bend them Into the
forin they sare’to renin. In still another
section, small punchlug machines stamp
out the holes for screws und bolt :
Another division of the secetying shop
Gikes all the bat aud rods. ‘These go to
rrew-making machines and are quicke
jy ent into thumb screws, binding posts,
Mea of the, Serew-miikiony | oraliary screws and bolts, and Inst but not
least. the 2-1000th threaded rot whleh
causes the reproducer to travel along the
Mnperceptible ebaunet tn the ow recor,
Axun ausitlary) to this departiient there
Is wv large, room sepitrate: from the mali
shop for grinding. polishing, tumbling amt
tng the rough sealing Used for bitses aid
frames,
The Daehine
In the machine shop th
matte and ‘hanit yomnakiing mi
Shortly there wh halta hundred mo
AN of these machines require ekiled work-
v8.7 ‘The micrometer is te be found
everywhere, for every part of the plono-
graph Js Intere and fs made to
Haitze tothe od) of nit tuch. ‘rhs
rule fs not to trustto the automitic meen-
antsn, bit ta menzure the work, not once:
or occastonally, Int conatant!
Thus, on the,stanilardized taches on whist
the Fecord) travellig rod is threaded, and
re are IT ants
whieh Is ‘used (lO move the ‘reproducer ¢ Conneeted With the machine shop {5 the, eu of prima donnas, vaudeville art
Ones. |
ulerometer must, be in’ hand always, |, for
somctimes the ‘composition of the; steel ‘in
the rod will not be uniform throughout Its
six to elght jnches—and the varlant in the
cutting would make a differenca that woul!
throw the .reproducer out of allgnment.
The thread on this, rod 3 1751CQ) of an
as deep and 10-1000 to the {neh} along the
Convertluys Ttoiln’ ‘nto. Small Parts,
The automatic machines, in this depart.
ment ave fed at one end with a rod as
{t comes from the rolling mill, When’ It
enters the grip of the machine it Is forced
ahead against: cutters, which form) and
[stot the head, cnt and threiid the’ shatt,
fund, finwlly, polish it, Jets of oll are
foreed against the entting tools constant.
Wy und, as the cutter head revolves around,
the fluished serew drops below into a box,
ready to be carrled away to the nickel
platers or stock room
One of the Interesting machines in. this
department ts the “hobbing’? gear cutting
nuchine devised by one of the staff, On this
a large number ‘pf flat gears may be cut
at one time by a traveling cutting. tool,
which cuts Into the gear blanks as they
revolve solidly together on a lower ceutre,
‘The cutter isa heavy cylindrical shaped
tuol, the « tthig edge on the periphery
of the eylder “resembling a heavy. splral
thread the ‘size of the gear to) be cut.
This machine produces gear wheels of
Perfect allgnment of an exactitude that
runs to the 10,00th part of an Inch.
Dellente Muchines,
All of these machines are constantly
drenched with ofl, thut Is, the cutting and
working parts, ‘This ofl carries with. ft
the brass, steel or iron cuttings which
settle by gravity: in a vesshl resting on
the floor, At: frequent “in vals appren-
tlees carry these filled vessels to a spe-
elut department, equipped with centrifue
zal muchines, Percolators anil" sercen Ml
ters, where the ofl {9 réeclatmed ! to ‘fhe
last drup, and used over and over agaln,
The bravs and other metal shavings, fl-
ings anil cuttings come from the centri-
fugal machine perfectly dry, rind it Is
put in the screen’ fraties “and; altted to
prove all slzes_andstored ‘away fn” bar-
rels, Many of, the scréw Me thshary Sanses ane ton ma-
fs allowed to drop into the oll with the
brass cutungs. ‘The finshed’ screw. iis
carried withthe off and waste product
to the screening machine, and there re-
covered by boys taking them from the
sereen as they aeoumiulate.”
‘rool Making Department.
i
ee make sciwws go small “the serew
same olg building care half n’ hundred lapl-
duriga’ boring. and ;grinding. the ‘sapphire
points, Each workman has a high power
microscope ‘at: his eye and polgyted at the
sapphire, which {fs held fast In a brass
socket attnchei to a Jeweler's luthe, Thy
grinding ts done ‘with dimond dust, tho
sapphire belug the burdest preclous stone
next to the Qamond., Bach sapphire polnt
Is formed Uke vn dumbbell broken tu hale
Nt the centre of the handle, The bulb-lke
end travels In the 10-100)th Inch track In the
Wax record and inust be perfectly siicoth
yo that It will not scratch or mar the rec-
ord. It must be hard and enduring to
withstand the abrasive action of the wn
composition used for making tie recor
There ts 2 ralled off section where a i
safes are located, In there safes the pro-
clous stock of sapphires {9 kept. both the
erude ‘stone and the fulshed points. Ony
ounce of the Anished polnts could be cure
rlod In the vest pocket without showing,
and the value thereof would be a king's
rangom:
HOW TALKING RECORDS ARE”
MADE BY BY THE MILLION} °
The Care Taken with Master
Records and How They —
‘Are Obtained.
Adjoining the “assembly, bullding Is the
cabinet) shop, “where phonograph boxes
of all grades’ are, made, stained, | var-
nished and, decorated. They are carried
to the assembly bullding on smooth
chutes, and the’ final process of assembly
sees the winding device, the buze anid
mandrel, and other parts put Jn place, and
the’ phpnegraph Is finished. “Agatn, the
chate fs brought Into requisition, and the
Auished inachine « Bves to the CUI EUT
room,
vhe most, faniniated buildings In the Bis
plant, are those dovoted to the manufac-
ture of rofords. More thin 150,00 of these
are, madi each .working day, and a Nery
large ae of tifls work is done by
Mighly. fc Workinen,
Th thf branch of th
step fy,,of Course, to get the songs, decla-
Mates; orchestra ar whatever gotid Is to
be teprodtierd, on what Are known as the
Nother Weords. ‘Tile Work {¢ curled on
M the Edlean Studion iNew York. whe
she company has accommodations for Uy
usiness the first
Scupe: briteh of the Dustness,
ral adjustable sites through whith the
rom ‘the cnameler the tecords 5 50 ‘to
th girls who place them In ‘the® famittay él
cartons, and they are then placed in. trays
containing 100 cach and the trays ‘shot’
down'a smooth incline to the stock room «/
on the lower floor. .
More than a million records are’ in the
1,100 compartments of the stock room con="
stantly, | Each compartment has its own
number, and) from these compartments
girls and men are constantly Mllng orders
which arrive by every mail from selling
agents in every nook and corner of the |
world, ' '
“| MOVING PICTURE MACHINES
| THAT GIVE SCENES FROM LIFE
Printing and Developing the Long
. Kinetoscope Filmse-Where
They Come From. |
By way of fulfilling the Wizard's early
prophecy the company has cqulpped one
et Its buildings for the manufacture of
son's projecting kinetoscope machines
ea the long rihpon nims which produce
the moving pletures. The studio in New
York [3 so constructed that many life-
lke scenes may be used for the back-
ground of such action as is to be photo-
Sraplied on the rapidly moving films,
The studio, however, Js only an auxiliary.
in tho production of the films. The come
pany has expert photographers all over
the workt securing photographs of actual
linppenings. | Stuff men travel to places.
nearer by, and ofter eccuring “suitable
backgrounds for. holil-tps, train wrecks,
stage robberies, ete, they earry out the
drama they want to photograph with the
fervor of netuality.. Most of the men pho-
togragied fn these make-belleve events ara
actors/of goo standing, who arc well paid
by thp company for thelr open air per-
formayce.
The [Nm of photographs once obtained
the wo} < of reproduction ‘3 begun iby. mak-
’ sitive Mim, ‘The photographs are
ue inch=by three quarters. of an inch
cach jn size, and there are sixteen photo-)
Braphs to cach fovt.” The printing ~ma-
chess oa epechit machine fuvented | In.
Partoby Mr. Waleou aid vy ate, Di ‘On,
Who wis for years I: charge of the kinat :
}
It hits xev =|
Clippings
1907
ee fe"
_-pist™
ome) 1SIBURE ie
tye
rs <a sah aoe
provision bo recommended to Congress.
i ith 9 . i
LECTURE 10. STUDENTS
WIZARD EDISON TO RESCUB
"OF 'HIS OLD HOME SCHOOL
JTeane" Gane ‘tectured on Friday
advanced pupils of Waod's College, His |:
‘theme was “Why Somo Men Have
Bucceeded.”.:.
“The subject was handled Lee
i d proved sufficiently Interest-
fut ey, one the plaudits of his large
audience, ‘Mr, Gans referred in his lec-
ture to the humble beginnings und aftor
success of auch mien a9 Marshall Field,
([Jonn., Wanamaker, ‘Andrew Carnegie,
George W. Childs, A, T. Stewart,’ Cecil
Rhodes, . Thom: / Henry Sicgel,
and “Bakes ‘showed how these]:
iestingly we ee
’ neve man was the foundation of .every
community, :that jhe” was awholly Indla-
pensable, in tima.of peace As ‘well-as.
-|Wwar, That the:businesa man found hls
‘place very edally Jn the devolopment of
‘| a "community, 2 ee ate
® At:the ‘close ‘of. thin very ‘Interesting
i}iecture ‘he ‘was “presented with a hand-
H some net of law books by rot, pace: " rei ;
The: pupils, expressing 0 « 0: '° Birth meee -
5 Vy--and iindividcally’ | congratulate ‘. place of Tho WERE :
Abst Gane. on jhe brilliant “ofaet Ae || NORWALK, 0, Jou pce A. Edison at Milan, 0. y
;|singly. before him qd were fg Sdison ny . 2e a :
?| duced by Prof, Wood. eas deal t Nila notfied the school wats notified th ss appeal to Mr. Edison. He
wee ap vas born, that he will here, where he | make out a list of wie’) Gh Sehools:td
ubora is Will equip the physical Bt What he wanted y
oratory of the high school with a Gai to a cost of $500 and he would do ue
test, The instruments in the open mar
a ket would have ‘cost
ind tt oer ing from the eat one ete a cahiiethe for es
ne Village ‘3 it ; i ‘
ither thing nae folie nae expecting many | Mr, Elbe. nee par aty pee
Tha aac ie x session of the li ein whee
Fis for! the hight ios more appar mat Born, dst hat use hint i
teen discussed for moi by the eet | hae not. dic iH athe ee °
jes nths by ‘the, Village has not, divul wed to whi ie bee jhe
ibataat eee see fick of funds wag rt tat age. ie lig toma oweres
med insurmountable, It ome. purpore: ds to improve the Placo for
rea ” 3 : :
oe pos!
‘Iete get of j
i 14 instruments at a cos! $500,
The gift comes in the nature” f a New
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Pe
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[PHOTOCOPY]
“WPHAT IS FAME? |
At one time when Napoteon was congratulated on the
fame which he had acquired by reason of th. great victo-
ries won’ in Italy, he replied that, after all,they wouldn't
sive him more than. three lines in a universal history.
* The annual biographical dictionary’ publ shed in Lon-
‘don"under. the title-e£-'Whots-Whs. for=1002!"--ondertales
to give'an necount’of allt @ people of Prothinence In all
parts of the world. It is a valuable book of kéférence: It
is valuable also to an American because it ehables him to
obtain a foreign view of the comparative fame of noted
Americans, _It seems fair to apply the rule that the num-
ber of lines devoted by this biographical dic ionary to an’
individual is a measure of his importance in the world, :
Applying this tule to a number of leadinit a
industry in the: United States, some curious‘ results are
obtained, results which may modify in some degree our
own estimates. .For instance, John’ D, Rockefeller is re-:
garded in America as our richest and most powerful capi-
talist. Surely there is no other person in''the United
States better known than he is, and yet this publication as-
signs him only 344 lines and it does not everi mention his
brother William or even H. H. Rogers who (is so closely
associated with them in the control of the vast Standard
Oil interest. There are 17% lines given to-J. P, Morgan
but no mention whatever is made of Jacob H, Schiff or of
William K. Vanderbilt, George J. Gould is mentioned to
the extent of 10% lines, but E. H. Harriman, our powerful
railroad king, does. not receive even the distinction of one
line. Next to Mr. Morgan it would appear. that this publi.
cation considers that J. J. Hill is the leading - American!
business man for they give to him'16% lines. ‘They assign |
fourth place to Andrew Carnegie with 14% lines, ‘and fifth
place is held by Henry W. Cannon of the Pacific Coast
Company. Henry C. Frick and Charles M. Schwab come
next. Our foremost retail merchant, ‘Mr. “Wanamaker,
has the honor of 514 ‘lines, ‘but there is no mention what-
ever of James Stillman, the president of our gréatest bank
or of George F. Baker, ’nor-is there any mention of M, K.
Jesup, president-of the ‘chamber of commerce ‘and one of
our most noted philanthropists.” ‘For the sake of compari-!
son the record is giveri in tab’ form us follows:
: - LINES 0. LINES
J.P. Morga ITE Win, Rocker 20
Jd. Hill .oc....c.5 16% H. OH. Rogers'..2... 0 i
Andrew Carnegie .... 1448 J. H. Schiff .2....... 0. |
' Henry W. Cannon.... 14 . W.K. Vanderdilt ... 0
George J. Gould .... 10% James Stillman... . 0
H.C. Frick .. oo 8 Geo. F. Baker'...... 0
C. M. Schwab .,.... 7% > BE. H. Harriman awe 0
John Wanamaker... 516 0
“MM. K, Jessup .
John D. Rockofeller. . 3%
Some curious results are also revealed in a compari-
son of the space devoted to the leading American states.
men. It would appear that from the English point of
view the foremost American is our ombuassador ‘to the
Court of St. James, Whitelaw Reid, for 56 lines are given
to the record of his life, Secretary Taft appears in second
place with 47 lines, while our world-famous President
comes third, with only 34 lines, being only a short distance
uhead of Senator Depew, who has 29 lines. Even Poultney
Bigelow gets more space than Roosevelt. -Our only
living ex-president, Mr, Cleveland, figures for only 8
lines, while our secretary of state, Mr. Root, has only 6
lines, and Chief Justice Fuller of the supreme court, for
18 years the head of our judiciary, has only 2% lines,
Vice-President Fairbanks, Speaker Cannon and Senator
Aldrich aye ignored altogether. W. J. Bryan has 13 lines
assigned to him, but Judge Parker, the last: Democratic
candidate for President, does not figure in the book at all.
The political record is suinmed up as follows: -
LINES s ,
Whitelaw Reid ...... 58 Grover Cleveland
Secretary Taft ...... 4 . Seth Low’,.
President Roosevelt... 34; Elihu Root ts :
Senator Depew... .. 290077 Chief Justice Fuller. 2
Mayor McClellan 23 _Vice-Pres. Fairbanks. 0
Richard Olney... 20 Speaker Canno 0
W. J. Bryan oe econ A. B. Parker a
Shaw .. Senator Aldrich... ,.. 0
Outside of business and “polities: other intd resting re-
sults are to be noted. The inventor of the teldphorie gets
80 lines, while Edison of electric light fame, ha. 14% lin
Our greatest naval” hero, according to,this fqreign esti-
mate, is Schley, with 284 lines, more than double the Space |
assigned to the conqucrer of Manila: Among he literary
men, J. T. Trowbridge receives 37 lines and Mark Twain 23 |
and Winston Churchill 18, _ President Eliot as dn educator
is ‘one point ahead of Henry Watterson the journalist, but
Prof. Payne of Michigan, with 22 lines, outranks both of
them. Cora Potter, the actress, to whom is given 26 lines,
has 6 lines more than her relative, Bishop Péter. The
vecord stands as follows: eed
LINES
i T. Trowbridge.... 37
a
a
: i LINES
H.M, Alden ...§.... 18
President Eliot ..... 21
Henry Watterson ... 20
Joseph Pulitzer ; . 1944
Prof, Payne of Mich. 22
Alexander Bell. . . . 30
IW. A. Edison ...0.00+ 1%
fi ira wae cpeeer tr
i ewey .... 12
Rack twain y oa 8 Bishop Potter . - 20°
“Winston Churchill... 18 Cora Potter .. .4.... 26 -
If it be proper to estimate the fame of a man by the
number of lines it takes to record the events of his life in
this London publication, then the fourteen most famous
Americans, according to. this foreign estimate, ‘are “as
follows: ;
Whitelaw Reid 7
Sesretary Taft
President Roosevelt
J. T. Trowbridge
Alexander Bell
Senator Depew
. Admiral Schley
Cora Potter
Mark Twain
Mayor McClellan
Prof. Payne
President Eliot
“ Menry Watterson”.
.Bishop Potter
OUR NATIONAL.HIQHWAVe
|
|
}
i
{
i
!
i
2h oreeeeneeeaee Y SS
a.
4
[PHOTOCOPY]
Haverville,myss
Tauris Jand gents’ cafe
ink OnE bdoicbibbinn ebtasanten en ie: Ore tTeor rt itr i rit ry
THE RECORD OF DEATHS: °
fenestesenasanennenensesnoensert ish See ete
Joseph T. Murray, a veteran electrician, i aid one of the best seated
en In-AVorcenter county, die
ne Thomas A, Edison working for at hia penn here Sunday, geca a8
PACKCI: founding: the. | apa er Daily.
sLmorged.-it with th
PRaw re
FRESE RK:
{a tne ater cain, th
sthepreat tn’
Lof hits Bianghters Mist as j" Alurray, a
fohiaunrae nh gation A
rtiers i eater iny-r12, 23804
parae sand one cht
‘ath ines Murray... wns 2 report dre) tonid” Lu... DeRibas, e Who was robably
ei the ‘hited Stare ‘genate’ the time? of nee beat-known ‘ ‘active’ ou.
<} the: war <6 Lurray ate brethren in Ame! om
1612., -Joseph ;
pended Telco! far a few.-y ‘and when |’
‘in ‘hia teens: became-Imbued: with a. desire
to become a sailor. He ehipped.on a mer-.
chantman ‘for Zanzibar, and at Zanzitbi
, {saw Livingston, who, was about to make
trip to: the interior sof Africa, Returning
4 Ocean :street, -Doreheatel
yeveerans ua ‘ihorning, in-his pith: ‘yearwafte
rk thort liiness, Death- was due to the’ ins
wits. of ‘age. * The funeral “services
bo held at the chapel in Mt. Hoy .20 5
a
pH jatary,
‘Wednesday - afternoon ‘at-.3
ad alljto the United States, he entered Phillips: o'clock, :
veel Andover academy, from’ which he ‘was ey, Alexander Gitenristy D. D acerte” toe
‘ to +Jexpelled by Prof. Stowe, hiisband of Har-| tary vaf-the homo migulon bonrd’ of tha .. °) >
j| rlet Beecher Stowe. Mr. Murray learned
the machintsts's trade, For two yonors ha
waa postmaster at Danvers. In 1648 he
became an abolitionist and participated
in mane, of tho stirring incidents of tho]:
time. ‘With John Greenleat .WAktier and
exe-Mayor Buffum of Lynn, ho formed a
Unk In “tho underground raiiway.” He fahermen, died Sunday at Portsmanth,
was arrested by United States Marshal} aged & years, Ho was born at Gosport
Devens on ‘the charge of smuggling a Toisp of Shoals and from a Ind had fole
negro through ta Boston. Ho served in | lowed tho gon, ;
tho ‘Sith Sigeanchusetts regiment in the! Deputy Master Ransom Willard of tha
felvil-war, In 180 with.George Harring. | Eae¢ Cambridge house of corroation dled Sues
“{ton, who had been secretary of the trean- gt the Massachusotts General hospital at ay
“i, ury' under Lincoln, he controlled an auto. | 2:0 Sunday morning, Mr, Willurd hod
fi mnatic‘telegraph aystem, Harrington sold bean Nl at the hoapltal for two wecka,
A put to Jay Gould, who, It fs alleged, tied Georgo PF, Arnotd, 66 yenta old, 0 retl
“up both Ser, Murray and the tnvention, pane manufacturer, whoae home was in
ri Up bet thle time he met Edison, who was Derby, Ct, died suddenly In a enb in -*
then a atruggiiny :tolegrapher, The firin New: Kork. Sunday, The ‘coroner decided | weet
gfot Edluon & Murray waa formed: for the thant dente wae Bue to eae FULTS tbe
urpose of ‘making telegraph machinery, ames ulllvan, a welleltnown ships
mo firm brovght.out tho system of tele- broker of Boston, waa fatally stricken
ith heart disenae yesterday morning
graph rinting used in the tlelter service |W)
ef the adel exchanges, “At ae, time Borcnetann = mass at St, Leo's church,
ee eens dc ands o bel Rey, Jolin Maraholl Maraters died at
Warth $1,600,000, Ho made and loat several tiie home, Frout street, Cambridge, Bune
a fortunes, At the time of his death he was ‘dry morning, For a ‘att century Mr,
<4|workingon an indestructible -Inmpwick| sursters had boen a familine figure In thé
| Made ‘of ciny. which he claimed would | fits of Cambridge, He was tho son of
Outiast half @ mite, of ordinary. woven, Andrew and Lucy (\Woodbury)
lampwick material, and was born th Manchester, 7
“tJohin By. Magner, associate ‘editor of the 1827, His father died while ha -
In=] AtarsChronicie,. dled suddenly of henior-| way’ gt ita chitd, He and hia brother and
es of. the stomaoh, -He wae porn inlatster became etudents Im Hampton Falla
ule in 1055, Air. Manger ie credited, ~Ho was algo fora stort time
qywithelving the firat™ intimation “to” Clee, fn New,
aie aeorney Folk, now Gov, Folk, rthat |;
el amombers -0 ‘of the “house of delegates
Hp oe * pris in eanunection With certain
ractlon ncohisa : measurops, * joann
farioun . poodle, Teruaatte.- followed,” :
ay Gate agnor wae managing editor: of the
rl Wa «Post.Digpatch, Rad. 44-1893 bes
i waie eur of -the ~Bt,-Loula Atar, © In,
JRE the: S tar find ‘Chronicle wware combi:
Bd-fe-becn 0 Lk peat
United. “Presbyterian denomination, and
one’ of the most prominent figures of tho
ehtirch, dled at Pittsburg,:Ja., Sunday, :
DrivGilehriat was born at West Hebron, *
N.Y, in 1§58, He served og moderator .
of the second synod In 1694, :
Joneph O, Caswell, one of tho old-time °
foward
smed 66
al eere
won at
avited,,
ungton
Fund:
‘Hopton academy;-"-Ho wa
graduated + at Harvard ae valed(étorian at
the ojaag of 1847, the salutntorian af the
same, class .‘helng .Rev,..Chartes
2 } Whore ir. Maria: Afr.” Mars i)
I, Ti n
ngalat nt + a preeny wateta “of the Charlee
Dan! sminaglins, died last evening at his’
residchce, Ol Choeles -street,” ayret Ends ‘
ter an Mneew of aevernt- hsp
i-bréakdown, *
sar
of ci
1] on ‘state’ oc:
+} from the top of the bowl to the amber
‘i mouthnlena .. with : diamonds,
[PHOTOCOPY]
cn es fe
¢
wwe
FooalsTDAT. Hows, Va. Escal
=
A Hy hymtcanit: ‘ :
Ahng that over ‘ono who
pumps two_buckets of
ank*o nthe root, 2
The popo-hus‘consented to have hi
portrait painted by William Edward
Cook, ‘of, Independence, Ia, Mr. Coo
will, be /the frat ‘American to pal
a -portral Present pope,
incrusted
rubles
“nan Aan
‘PD-ISOLATED (Peary
cheintendence, “and
cating vingtallations,
‘7 Sour. |
nea,
Feb. -2—An “Atlantic
City dispat to YewTribune *says
‘oman anaes of East ‘Orange,
the entor and electrician,
Was brought’ t6é that elty' ina’ speclal
car yesterday and taken to the Hotel
Chalfonte. ©" , 4 x
He had to be carried from the sta-
tion to the hotel on a cot, and after
he was taken to hls room in the hotel
‘orders ‘were given by his physicians
that he was not to be disturbed under
any consideration, * Bou dha
The fact of the Inventor's Iilness
and presence in the resort was not
Giscovered until tate.
‘placed on the “hotel Tegister by the
Physician -was written . so that it
looked ke “Ellison,” and it was not|t
discovered that it was “Edison” un-
tl _aglance at the letter file showed|t
for whom’ the reservation ~ of -- the
rooms was’ made.
It‘ is reported that Mr.
suffering from: paralysis,
rey rerramry ar,
Edlson is
Fsccre o
\f Aca. endeavoring to secure a@Vaubsidy
| for. the alleged Purposo’ of {Increasing |:
{; Our merchant marine ‘would be found {i
|] Sighting equals. A
WO re ti es,
Fe att ang sbamennener
may seem, the fdentical mterests tise.
dagainst‘a bill that
Us to increase tt without
lent'sof @ penny “ stibaidy,
reason’ the “/Sielanone “and
other jorattunow 2 badly
coastwisé servieg are: un-
although the grag:
bsldy..ts ‘as lou
2) +) (Philadelphia Inquirer.) e .
Medical sclerice declares that prac-
Ucally seven-elghts of our ills are due
to overfeeding, ‘Colds in the head are
often due to eating too much. ° -
“It may be clalmed that our own well-
spread boards are meagre compared to
those of our ancestors. Probably, but
our ancestors were hardy and able to
throw. off the effects of a heaty meal,
‘great difference between thelr Hfe and
i
i
}
H
!
t
q
t
:
1
4
\
, We do not take into consideration the :
i
Tr
8
t
f
t
c
ours, As It is, we eat altogether too
much food for our health and comfort,
and the ‘fashionable remedy for most
ailments Ja semi-starvation for b ne-
riod of varying length, te
The “great. Edwewennys that he has
not only. become convinced that mor-
tals sleep too much, but that they eat
many times more than they should. He
1s proving ‘his belfef by personal ex-
Derlments and says that his power to
Work and endure fatigue han increased’
to an amazing degree, * s
Caste in Diplomacy,
Se eral
Newark, N.J.- News”
Feb@ Wh |
THOMAS A, EDISON, INVENTOR, SETS -
[7 AT REST REPORTS THAT HE IS ILL.
Weteuth - haport: van All workin
I
C Hie vy = Chroniote
FES Bg :
CUt asia Ue cre eens Ieee Meet proRapecetcR
in, ‘The Nre wos. xtinguished. Mrg,
Lingl aken to the ollice of a pirysi-
» where her tnjurles were dressed,
CARRY EDISO
ak
Ory OOP
VATLANTIC CaTyy N,
aunposed to, be; Thomas A,
ventor, of Orange, 'N. Jy “DIGUEHt to this
city today ‘bya ‘special train and tdken_ toa.
beach front’hotel, He was carrled'from the
train to a’couch on Btretcher and was moved
from the coach to'his hotel {n the same inan-.
ner, At the hotel the clifef clerk sald that he
had orders not to cisturb the patient, but
that he belluved It was Mr. Edison,
| oe
cone
The above note sent to the NEWS from: various companies occupying him in the
Thomas A. Edison, the inventor, contra-
J diets the dispatches from Atlante City
Jast Week that the "Wizard" was stricken
In that city, Mr, Edison, with his family,
+] Will efve in a few days on a trip to Flor-
+ | Ida, where he has a place at Fort Meyers,
# | He will make the Journey in a special car,
-| The Inventor way sumewhiut amused
+] at the report ment out from Atlantic City
that he had been’ carried Into hotel
there on a stretcher, All day Saturday
he way. busy In his laboratory, an im-
portrint conference with the heads of the t ing, Edison.”
morning, At such tines the door to the
brary fs lovked and no inessages’ are
Yecelved by the inventor, He was busy
att the afternoon, but at night he re-,
cetved @ reporter for the NEWS, The
luyentor was sitting In a big workroom |
on the second floor of the laboratory,
puming away at a etgar.
“{ don’t see where that story started,’
he aald. “'X’'m feeltng in splendid health.”
To set at rest any further talk of his
iiness, “Mr. Edison wrote on ‘a slip of
paper: “No truth In report; am still work-
ecaematnd
——
jonograph Dealets’ of State ;
~ hit, hard by this Ruling,
yt go :
aw. York, July’ 6° (A.P.).--Supreme
iftt Tustico Martin J, Keogh of West-
eator.county rendered a decision yous
day ‘barring ‘all dealofs tn this state
‘OM Rolling ‘or handling ‘the Thamasrdter
HOTT re rd or-guppliés swithout per-
imlasiontof£ tho;New ‘York “Phonograph
'Company:.::1 Magdh whe de 2°
The dentors throughout the ‘state, of
jubleh thore are some 940, are ordered to
sive an accounting of all records sold
forthe last ton’ years." It th estimated
that-about.$32,000,000 Is Invglved in: the
33
HA phonog
qnograph: war hgs been waged in
fen Grartastor sieny. seary sae
be Bhat I
‘ee
Washineton.N 0 prep
Shae : nrg "
wUL 4 Jeg
au, Queen “Talkeo™“into Phonograph.
Bir Johp—for Harrington wrymintghted
threpy ie by King Edward and, Ine
vestd w a commandership of the Vic+
‘tort r—is8 the only person who ever
succecdad Mh Inducing the Inte Queen Vic-
‘torla to talk into a phonograph, and sho ~
did thls very reluctantly, only consentlniy
hecause ho explained to her the jinmenae
jwWelght that a message from her to the
‘Emperor of Abyssinla conveyed in ‘thas
‘fashion would have upon the monarch of
‘Ethiopia, Queen Victoria, however, stipu-
‘inted that. once ‘her message had. beon
‘delivered to the Negus the record should
be destroyed and ‘pledged Harrington to
seo to this in person. Emperor Monelik
Was po delighted-at hearing, the Queen's
voice that he promptly demanded that the
wecord shoutd be handed over to him, But
Sir John naturally was obliged to defer to
the commands of Ifa roya) mistress, and,
taking hold of tho record, he stamped it
to _picecs,
Bir! John’s Jegation in the Abysstninn
capital lias always been open to Amerl-
can travelers, sportsmen, and explorers,
who have found there not only a hos-
Pitable welcome, but have Ukow!se been
able to obtain through hhn all the neces-
‘sary: facilities from the Abyssinian au-
horifles, In fact, he lus many American
friends, who will doubtless do much to
smnke his stay In thig country agreeable.
‘Menelik ig very fond of him, trusts Mim
jentirely, and frequently invites him to
take part {n his sporting expeditions. For
ithe Negus, In spite of his age, Is passion
‘ately fond of the chase, and many of the
(gifts: presented to him by tho British mon-
arch, and government: through Sir John
Harrington havo related to this pastime.
‘Thus, Sir John has been charged to de-
liver, to him all sorts of high-bred gport-
Ing Goga of one kind and another, racing
dromedarics, and Jast, but not lenst, o
superb and porfectly trained Indian ele-
nt. . ‘
Let me add that Sir John {s a2 Roman
Catiiolic, 1s a graduate of the great Ro-
man: Cutholle Cotlege of Stoncyburst, and
figitho son of a country doctor, In Ton-
don jhe belongs ‘to the Marlborough Club,
to.%which he was elected prior to the
actesajon-of. King Edward on the tatter’s
own|,nominatl “Ha! fs the. only. m
Hher ofthat, ultrasmart Institution’ who can
pout of} risen’ from the, ranks -of
KL
1 Ce ee
TOOK PHONOGRAPH.IN |
TEU OF-GROCERY BILL.
en and’ When Told
iistress. Was Out He Grabbed_
‘
te
17,80. cen UL
srocer;*Flerman’ Gru
West Forty second ‘utreet,, called’ tos
\boyt.his bill, Tho colored matd, Clare
fagon, :told him that “Mra. Holme}
"t atshamei oe ook
AIM just take that honographe’ salc
Herman to’Clara, taking the machine
value $20. When Detective Fitzpatrick
f the: Wost “Sorty-raventh street sta
lon, wont around to tho grocery. hit
found the mathine wailing, “Whon Yor
Ain’t;Got No M ghey Why You Needn’
fAydutid.”? 2) o
arrested Hermar
larceny and most of the men in the
jon were Kept awake Iatening, te
fe ‘eral hundrod encores until morning
Lewy didn't. you: walk in and take ¢
Glamond * demanded Magistrate Wahl
in {thes WestSide ‘Court as ‘he changec
the ‘charge to; disorderly, conduct and
\y) ‘ grocer) tinddy ‘$100 -bond to Keep
je. peace, but not.the.phonogravh.
9. COMMERCIAL
U0 ai
OTT OMEAN an TUSPANA-ASIERE
SATS ACHE cha Naliey Road, Ore
‘CANA ne yto manusacture gpitocrants, talk:
oe sagan, APH Svagnid td
toes Joon ae NNO, 76. Broad Birt
i, Soebnabeninennetenaansa nieces: gage
CES DEPOSITED IN A VAULT
inf Machines WI Sine. for
+ Gagidtences a Century Hence, *
! PARIS,,, Dec. 4.—There, was most
funtaiin ceremony this afternoon In the sub-
tterranean passages of the.Opera House.
{It eqnslsted of depositing Jn a_ specially
prepared vyault a talicns.-machine “and
imate ‘beuring records of the, voices of ‘the
Sgreatest singers of the twentieth century,
‘Tamagno, Caruso, Scottl, Plancon, Do
iLuela, Patti, Melba, Calve and othors are
frepresented In the selection. ae:
Lethe. disks are in double boxes, each sep-
Yarate from the other. Nelther light nor
jair can penotrate the coverings, and it Is
jbelleved that. they can be thus preserved
{fora century. At the end of a hupdred
is they will be opened, and the people
at age will have the opportun-ty-of
volces of thi era-us'well as reeing
fliing ‘machine as‘manufactured to-,
a. a |
fRoosevna! 70 BE HEARD
egtident’s “squaro, Deal’. Speech to
‘Bo Produced on, Graphophono
at Business Show... --, .
. President Roosevelt will be heard jn his!
famous speech on the “Square Deat” at
he ‘Coliscum ° during the week of the’
ational business show, which will be
pened March 16, A’ graphophone with
gigut reproducers will be used. Another
interesting exhibit will -be.the frat grapho-.
phone ‘Thomas A, Vdison made, and'a short
talk‘by..th HH be run’ ff,
Beaten es fis
—-
Peg aK GOT
r i : :
he wale of tickets refunded... >.
= Peg. “eng
-. EDISON SIXTY TO-DAY. ;
| GREAT BLECTRICIAN WILL GIVE,
yo UP COMMERCIAL LIFE.
“ Newark, N, j,,, Feb: 11.—Thom
_Alvp Edison ate or, says en.
pee "al t
was 59 "years. old-on-Baturday, and he
says when a man arrives at thut age “it
is time to knock off work and play
awhile.". Wor forty-five ‘years Mr. Edl-
son has been muking experiments with
electricity, and he says he will spend
his “play timo” In hia laboratory, work-"
Ing pureiy ag a sclentist and not for’
commercial ends. ;
v
t ! oe
- Thomas. Alva Edison, the Inventor
'
2 vet =k ixty it.1s .time to
khock off work and play a while. Mr.
Bdison {s sixty to-day and. hia. play
time begins. : ;
“For forty-five years I have heen |-
experimenting with electricity,”, he |.
‘said, “but all these years I have
bean turning these experiments to
commercial value so fast that I have
not had a, chance to play with elec- |!
tricity forthe fun of It, and to. see
how ‘much I can find out about it.
: “Brom to-day. on Tam going to give
up the ‘commercial end of it and work
{n my Iaboratory a8 a sclentist. . That
will be a’ pleasure I have long been
promising myself. ‘ Fae ae
“During all tha years that I have
been putting my discoveries to com- |
a
smehostar, N,N. — Union
mercial use I have run across phen- ; : ‘
cmena that Invited attention, but I! i FEB a 's 7
@id not havo time to turn aside from : & wy
the work at hand. . I have- several | erene sm mnazy
notebooks filled with these clues to: {FOTATINE Mcrae Tren eens
possible new discoveries, Now I am. pear ivperin mucceedad in freeitiic!
going back over ese notes ind work petre— Seon, {No sleigh and started off
out at my leisure the experiments a mene TE eee ee no was Pf dhe |
toward Rocke Rirainon,
they suggest.” : Ph
ane | Inventor Edison Not Ill. {
Sons NEW YORK, Feb. 2—Inquiry ‘
~. — : j home of Theres A. ‘Saron. in Stanwe:
$
- FromN. Ys EVE.JOURNAL, Boyde fae Mae tsote pe eat
FEE Z1 1907
It ‘vag also denied that he kad
[a lantic City. Beene, i
Oe” TT woe — eet
¢
4
Btate of New wage
. . York,
E; ye * On the East BI
dison Is 59 To-day, "! “s
today, ang jet tty
by work
tory in
ness, bh.
and: -he ta Is Aftty-ning 3
foe as hard ag prine!patty
We
‘eat Orange,’ N. jal ie Bis labora
1 deat.
e. ds in excellent health,
“Fort Seat Kan-Tribune, | hee
aE MOLT | barep, Bb, |
Edison May Bo ill.
tiantio’, City,” “Feb, ro eed se sete bot
x feb, 2.—A~
sep tt ro Feb, 2 =i perton | ane Edison wag guest at an
entor, “was” are he : oF :
i ata was brouaTE “te nae jl night in tat eccaeser cisttoctam:
by 6 eck ia ae ee In Newark; given by -the heads, of, .
i tae hotel. -Hoe “was--c departments. of- mae
‘te | Ee copie nts_ of his West, 0:
om ‘tho ycoach “to hi . facturing” cetbilahments "Not
ch was made. -Mr., Edison. declined:
¢ his future plans in|
rorerereers
-that.hé' ha
-patient, : "EL eqine gut for’ a.” z
Mr, Ediso 3 did’ yout ne edia. Seanad (
. . d.'* “NO
~ 2 cut | out *speddtimdktn a ; i
Pe edeote HM vert i
epiieuas. 2
+l
; esses varices GeerEs oo \
Sn ee Se
+
=
[PHOTOCOPY]
: Prom antes, Wie Santina]
"Fk AB. 1907
jver, better lock “the stable before the
lorge: fs stolen, :
_ EDISON AND TINE AIRSIUIP,
Judging from Mr. wisdhemig recent
birthday manifesto his friends should
labor with him earnestly on the Bub.
j Ject of alrshins, To those who have
faith In the unimpaired powers of the
; modern wizard and take no stock in the |’
; notion that he has shot his belt as a
worker of marvels it would appear that
| all that fs necde insure.the speedy
' advent..of.'the ‘lon med
; Aerial travel is to convince Mr. Edison
; of the utility of starting Iti’:
‘Mr. Edison waa 60 years old Inst Mon-
day.. In the. course’ef some occasional
; remarks on his own career and his plans
tor.the future he Incdentatly expressed
his ‘bellet-that in time we shall have
alrships sailing forty “feet or so above
Sround along the lInes of our ronda,
avolding conflicts in the alr-in this way.
“If added the inventor musingly, “I
could convince myself that the airship
would Drove uséful, I would have a try
at dt myself." nen at 7
Mr. Edison, who, we ist, has not
yot. struck ‘twelve a8 an inventor, cer-
“try at it.
t} arle f.the-arrival of
tha ‘dirlgtblo“alr P08 “a” fashionable
and pfactical mearis ‘of pt asure and lo-
comotion. for’ instance, the advent of a
teal ‘alrship’ craze must at ‘once elim-
nate, from Automobdiling. (to the great
advantage of the sport, the trade, and
‘he Innocent bystanders) that dangerous
‘lass of scorchers and fcatherbrains gen-
srally,who ‘would eagerly betake them-
selves to the now fad as something par.
"ne exclusive, and spectac-
Adar Nea
By transferring thelr
2vatlons fromthe public highways ta the
umbieht alr a great source’ of vexation
ind peril for others would be removed,
‘et Mr. Edison go ahead, and make somo
4mends for the musical phonograph,
breakneck ‘op: j
@reamed -of.-era. of |
‘doubt’ whatever |.
V
yongersyY Starearen?
feo a eT
es EDISON AND THE AIRSHIP. J
3s ve ret
Edi Y trust, huis not yet
Mr. Edison, who, y ; ie ne
“struck 12” as an inventor, certainly should
“have a try at building an ee a
the Milwaukee Sentinel. There show! Ct :
no doubt whatever of the varied utility a
the dirigible airship as a fashionable ee ‘
practical means of pleasure and locamo 4 a
For instance, the advent of , real ye
, Himinate from a on
sraze nist ut once ¢
biling—to ‘the great advantage of the ade |
the trade, and the innocent bystan
that dangerous class: of pats He
featherbraing generally, who wou ld bape
betake themselves to the new ne - a
thing particularly noyel, exclusive. 1
spectacular.” ae
By transferring their b :
tions front the pudlie highways jo aa
ambient nir a great source of ven tion on
perit for others would be removed.
Mr. Edigon go ahead.
————_——
breakneck opera
tc
Wh eS A et
i} i
res “It Ia a drat rate thing,” no said, “but it
F Woa LD
MAM TO 170?
STERN Wome See ren rin Seren vente ein =
-/ELECTANG MOTORS
“AINE, RIS EDI
Development of ‘Traction Vehicle
Leads All Recent Achieve.
“meus, He Declires,
STORAGE BATTERY PERFECT
epee
Asserts That Truck Kquipped with Such
Power Is Only Walt as Costly as
‘" Horse Drawn Velitele,
; an ee
Glanclng backward over the achtere-
: ments of tho Inst quirter of a century. in
tha rent. of eleetrlelty, Thomas a,, Hale
aon, In the current number een itimo-
trtetl™ review, KYA hat cleatrle sonlele
traction and the X-rays are tho twd devel.
opments which promiye to bring the grent.
_ st beneht to civilization, oe
jn enumerating the electrical discoveries
of tho Inst twentyeilye yours ho elfminates
i the telephone, clectriy Nght system, anu
: tho storngo battery, ns they wero alt
drought out Ina primitive way more than
twenty-five yeary N80; antl niumos the
electric ratlroad, Wireless telesraphy, long
‘distance power transmilstion, tho XNerays
‘and vehicle tractlon as among tho mont
: dniportant of recent discov. ries,
“Concerning electrio veilele’ traction, he
®AYEi—"We do not yet reallzo how Impors
tune itis going to peome. 4 have tigures
‘showlng conclualvely’ taut & Storage bute
tery truck cun be veperatea and Tepe in
' ' Bod condition for ouly ‘aute what it costs
to maintain w horse drawn vehicle, ew
dio then doscribes the complex dimcul-
tles encountured in Dortecting his storage
battery, ithe ehtet une being tha necessary
inpso ofiony' year to teat o battery after a
dulect’has been discovered and alterations
Trade, © 449 Uxpressus great contidence In
the commercial success of the storage
battery he now hus ond says that one ux-
dis equipments in {th vohicles, — Aj1 tola,
1o Ya, MOTE Chan 20 of tha ddison velit
lo butcorlys ara dolag good servico In this
olty, Ho stca hia oompuny ts’
i Vory derre: plant oxeiusly
é Manutogture.uf storage bat anlea,
‘' bellevos that'n tew Yeura |
go battery ‘and the al
' Work inarvollous cllanzes “everywhere,
. When asked what he thonane of tilo prea.
ent activity In aloctrie railway develop.
anent, he ald:
“Lhe electric’ motor Is bound to become
“supreme, What Is the Scuse fn running 2
+ fiteam train between New York and Phila.
dolphin? -T think the direct Instead of the
usternating current wilt be used, ns the
direct current motor has sultablo charac-
‘ teristics nnd does not Introduce certain
disndvantages which Accompany the high
! Noltiige alternating currpat syste, lo
lous!
Asked for ‘his views of the future devel-
(pment of wireless telegraphy, ho replied,
“That Is great, It Ja Browlss and ia Bolng
to be a very big thing,” ’
What nbout wireless telephony?” hie
asked,
t docs not’exist." ho replied,
‘Ho disensaad nt fonio length tha subject
Of electric lighting and expressed great
loudt about tho commercial success of the
+ mMotaliiecfament lamp,
‘yas somo’ commercia} Gisadvantages. We
‘innat fnprove tha elicieney of the incan.
1.) descent lamp:- we must bring it down to
, One watt. "Tho metallic filament, as at
‘ resent inade, js sultabia only for large
concentration. What wo munt have isa
den to’ stxteon candle power untt,'*
Ho sald he believed the solution of the
talllc one. Mr. Edison sald tio regarded
tha introduction of the Incandoscent light:
(Ing system his Grenteost achievement, ancl.
remarked that very few persons ave,
would know what dtMeutticn and
jor wero Involved In perfecting tha:
covery,
%
teen tf
[PHOTOCOPY]
if yore Fa tet -
RP a
anon gg) ore tne maneme: .
Mr, Edison's Liberality. 1
(Fort Myers Press.)
The Press representative met Pro
fessor Thomas A. Edison yesterday
and In a SOhrererthorrreteh thew le |,
ard” learned that he wished to make
an offer to the Town Council that ts
gO Uberal that St will at once adpeal to
the elty fathers, as well as all the citt
zens of the town, Mr. Edlson Informed
us that he would plant royal palar| ©
trees on the avenue runnlog from
Hendry Street for a mile along River.
side Avenue to the Travers place, just i!
beyond his awn home. He proposes to
plane the trees, built « protecting box} B
around eneh tree, and fertilize and)"
care for the trees for one year, if the, &
town will agree to care for the trees] fc
after that. This ig a most Iberal] Dp
offer as it will be quite an expensive] T
‘Y.[ undertaking to secure the royal palm| t:
aby trees and plart and care for them a]
(nj year, and an offer of this kind ts sure
lta be readliy accepted by the Town
‘
Tr
t} Council, It will be the making of the} t
aTmost beautiful avenue in the State of] t
1
¢
PAG ee wee,
i ene See
eo
SRE BO
a,"
fi
Florida, ouvvivaling the famous cocon-
nut palm aventte at Palm Beach, for
the royal palm fs by far the hand-|°
gomest. of the palms that grow In this
section, and when once these trees
nttain a faw years’ growth, the alght
wit be one of the prettlest and most
tropicn! In the entire State. The mal
ter will be brought up at the meeting
dlof the Couneil tomorrow night.
n{| Mr. Edison called attention to the
tl waste of the thousands of grapefruit:
sland oranges that were not shipped to
i market thiy season, He says the
growers ought to put In a machine for
saeting the oll from the peel, its Tt
aellg for a good prices. and he is
amaged that such an tram for ercating
a ovevenne for the arange growers
should be allowed co 29 unteveloped.
He has sent sapiples ot the upper
ioosahatchee r water and water
‘pom arrestin and alse samples
Hommek to hls luboratory in New Jer:
sey to have them analyzed by bis
het chemist, and has attered to give
he Press a copy of these analyses
vhen recelved.
My, Edison fs a great velfever in the
virtue of muel, and says all the thit-
yoods soils will produce well, if
reated to a good coating of muck. He
3 showlis his faith In muck, as he
nas given orders to have four thou-
gand loads hauled on the tropical gar
Jen he Is laying out on the lot across
the road trom his residence. He will
also have another artesian well pyt ——
PVT TY ake g
8
&
od
|
“4
[PHOTOCOPY]
a CLIGENUES From “eanons , ; Soom S27
Pua Wack oe Cg De
ber a7 1407 |Perwo nes: Cty
: ; wrmonakcebn DF = be
PEC ew wesees
——— er MASISINLADS
and fall.~ Roney et sealed PLACE FOR ROoSErELp, in WLVIUY
EE pepereememnvameesennerereteee : In a Parin Content ¢ s 7 ” ba . a . H
.WORTHY OF EDISON. ‘| Amertonis Are Not steht aeetghiiten oe een
a (Sane ¢ ‘ we fy . }
: Hite Pate eee ry Pants, April 28—An evening newspa-| iw : i
A.°Q, Leonard's Patent Marvelously per “is conductinz-a contest aniche neler ' , ee ie
cos." | Bilecessful, readers to deter; Bits] ec, : ; ”,
NEW _UTORK, April 24.—The press of
this clty and throughout the world have
recontly drawn attention to an antiseptle
‘nvialble ear drum, resembling o minta-
cure megaphone, for deafness, head nolses
ind Kindred affections. - Not a day passes
vithout the inatant relief of cases whict:
iave heretofore found no help. ‘Mr. eons
‘rd for more than 9 years wan a very
‘caf man... Instead of giving up when
| Dr. Roux, direct
Pasteur institute, heads the Ines ot the
toy Sarah ‘Bernbredt te tS sist followed
or and Wife Are Towed
ithe American inventor is roetsicgn, a Inventor ca
ee 4 a close third; | 4) ore
[eit a pear miot, fourth, while Roose! Seaward Half a Mile Bef ;
no Englishman and no German contains ' : Tired “Monster Gives Up the
“a y Struggle. a AEBS cabs
ye etme
| Marry Thaw'a Sister to Europe,
: New York, April 28.—Sailin,
; : IK ON the : = |
peclalists and varlous devices had fulled _ American ling ‘steamship — Philade! ¢ (pceieerene ervice, . :: 7
> ald him, ‘he,.succeeded In developing igsterday for Southampton i lphia } | The Times Spectat 5 se April, 18.00 |,
: + ae 7 NO Pane pton were Mr. and SEW YORK, “Thursday, a '
iis “marvel Uttle drum, with which vel. Carnegie, Mrs, Carnegie | © Fas of Mr, and Mrs, Homas A. Eth: 4
¢ can ‘now’ hear diatinotly. . ‘He put the end arg Ble ra ‘at % ast Orange, No ne neve dine
rums ‘on ‘th arket four weeks ago, feesntor has a SATE ne ‘Gaventuro
set woek every palr-had been sold, 80 cussing the coup! hark which they
aK every. palr {th a shovelenosed ghar Joridst
reat has been tho success of the inven- caught with hool: and pine ae just
on, “Saturday ho received another con- 4 a0 i - ‘ waters, | Nows 0} +) thern © ace
gament, ‘which is being rapidly © ex- ‘ j AN Wis Syuinaed been recelved: by thelr | Nor tena
usted, but before another week passes Pema is) i quain {son's winter home is'n
» hopes to have'an ample eupply, PS, 2a : ae: Piet sfround. and he, spend
Information fa gtadly given to alt whe mes # < ' many aya a Bout.” ‘One day last
rite to him at his office, 1171 Broadway - Lda ™ fighting fs Hot ie oRilson had walted
Ute 160, New York City, and mor 7, OUt. But then we... three hours for & tarpon strike, and incite
arching tnvestigation welcomed. Ther al aide, has made no progress in ayy they decided to suse taking in her lino
no invisible device which can show tl of thi §e.cannot be compared with Mra, Edison al be an to whirr and the
Ie If ti . J when her reo! it so fast sho was al-
‘sults of this invention, i t ling was pulled ow 30 pate
Two Mineré Killed She Meant a Mantle. . most drogged from
‘wo Miners, ed. .
wife's assistance
andctor 2 rig four he played the fish
Thomas A. Edt; was v ts
Atlantion as discussing at ae eae rotting sight of the captive, In-
‘artous devices fo: *
greasing fhe briltance and diminishing the "
: ot. : : tha fis!
oe oe we “Many of these ‘devices have f Ca Te
Ke Sin Cy No ‘ay ® mantle” he said. “Yon fave what a the ted to ary tant ete itt be-
: Py Se hie : See thy Aun wad tired OUL, “At last the
APR Ly 19G7 fore the fish wad
mantlo looks like? ‘Then you'll appr
SR cpomarie I overheard R oO hardwese
‘or’s, 7
g vithin
: fee, managed. to reel the fish w
inttt young woman entered the Shop and inventer of the boat, and he sow ene tee.
: H . : ® shar! be-
. . “ ‘Have you got those things for tm« fongthY tate plano-wiro, lender had
UO tas kteaiota een Proving @ ‘gas Ign? ey a lenge caged
etween ity teeth, thus
making ie, tmpossinye for tho fish to
Ore tne ine, prother was walting on
pug iat and grea Dr a TO
a a
Kiedione foarernett taxidarmist pnd wilt
de’ brought back, ‘with other trop! exh
when the Edfgons return to thelr summ:
home next month. . an
‘{{s_~ complete fot, nes ie chins rere
. : ee Bias savin jet, fittings, mney an
ice mes caenaeeeeaaty | aig
! . ps ay
Boutain, and Garris Stewar¢ against David
vart, c :
BRIEF BITS OF N EWS.
maesabae Bilis nm, who fa back In Now
vane from. forida, much «Improved in
nln;
| y for—
| h, I don't want the set,’ said tho
fhe’ Shinemen one’ fet Hoyo Part and
ts busted. It's only of oof thon t astitt
Sa eee ed
no of them I want.’
; But No Sparkle. ‘
A reporter asked Senator Tillmal
————————ee
maliciously what he thought EEE PEE EEE EE EEE EE EEL
health, will, beginning today, devote the | pponent’s speech, Deven’ of; @ certain er ee eS <*
rest of his activo years -to the purely “Naw hoy,” said tho sonator, “it wag Miko
sctentific side of electrical. research, Somnnone,*
Energetic action against white servan
tA _ See era CEnOG
: for\the organization
engaged in-aogitation ny S
of unions a to,be,inken, Pl the Frenen abe
aa “Worf Va. Pydet
i APR OG 1907 |
Soir
i
mR tha
@lnsalz mentale en
{g, favorit
3 for
z.
z
Paar,
e &
ice BME So SO as | ed z
nc) ta £
ie eh te a aca td
[PHOTOCOPY]
', ,RUESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1910,
og Pads
'
1
1
{
i
| Eis FORT NeW Poucy,
=k VORS NEW POLICY. .~
2 eves in Munietpar Ownervhip Ads
: Veecated In Mines
. a tukee,
Heuer es Aug. 2.—"My message .'
Tits that It has a great a oe
he (ih, these words ‘Thomn, Pres
peptor sa nmed ue mde
ong . policy of w ut .
i oral Pane and dwoninerunleipal a by
ere tlist adtalnistration ion erd
Ng city can buy the net Peubaiens
alr. Editon was | Be ae
Thomas: Mis, “specist wees, :
i aUko ey endustrial, enterpri
Pens Melted ‘him to-nisht
\AWASHINGTO
-| ern end: ofe Watts
‘“eceds ‘in his ‘present task, » a
First, Best and Largest
d ‘t INCORPORATED 1885,
No...
For,
“To. .BTOBYDUST. NUISANCE. .
OBR ee
d to, Have Dovised a Remedy .
Edteon.8
on 8
it, Ww r
plagued? by:. thos srcak’ cloud ‘ot, fine; pen
tracing dust. ison cement work
at New= Villagelif"Thiman 4 Eidison:s
+ Ever_nlnce the establishment of the works
five years ‘ago a pall of dust has hung over.
ithe’ surrounding cotntry, biighting crops
and pasture.Innds, even sitting ‘into houses *
‘and destroying clothes and furniture, At
almost any time Jn dry weather !t 1s posst-
ble to write one’s name on a house porch
six miles away from’ the works, With @
favorable wind the duat 1s sometimes car
tlea twice this distance, —. ets eet =
Thia dust cloud means a great loss to the
nitnufacturera; it Ia sold that one-quarter
of the product goes to waste in this way, .
The Edison cement works have spent
‘thousands of dollars in experimental efforts
ito catch up this eacaping cement. It is sald -
Ithat Mr.” Edison recently. devised a new
‘scheme, but the diregtors. of the company 7
‘refused to put. up the necessary $50,000...
Edison then sald he would supply the cash
himself. It is said that the success of the
$4,000,000 plant depends on overcoming this
Sust handicap. der a oon
| A representative of Mr. Edison sald over |
the telephone lost night that Mr. Edison
hag been at New Village a number of times
recently to atudy. tha dust problem and that
he: has devised an apparatus, which ts now
delng Installed, which“he !s confident: will.
ereatly abate the nuisance. ‘
|
Peete |
p
al
[PHOTOCOPY]
rune
si nena only
a her
reed feland daugt
Mae
tfeaty about,
‘a8 tha ttaces“thake hecho
osbpond this dedlmihg Yyed,
Id frien gwd, 39
Fal
sd cae teeta gonase
[PHOTOCOPY]
“Fgretle, Ont.- Wat eee
Kon 16,1407
electrical current by burning carbon
and Chilfan saltpetre together in an
alectroiite, although at an expense
AIR 1 PERTILIZE ‘hich made the process a commercial
DEPLETED EARTH. Pattee gs
“Imagine what will be the conse-
quences, Then locomotives will be
os : coven "Tl Hpawn into the scrap heap, All trains
| Eaison Reveals Plan to Force wi be run by electricity. No longer
1 : the cltles, but there will be great pow- ,
t
|
i
or plants established at the mouth
pf the mines, from which the electricity *
me fe oe ; wll coal be laboriously transported tu *
Nitrogen Into the Soil. : .
WIHT be sent out over the country by!
~ wire. 3
STEAM 70 BE SUPPLANTED : “There will be no homes tn the
Loe T es F . .| streets, no stables, no files. Wagons
wh RUA Seuss Ge ach
: : will be lighted entirely by electricity,
Eleetricity Derived Dieeet From | tor it will be so cheap {tt can bo used
Coal at Pit's Month WII Soon iby, ane Be tonement dwellers b
? . b . i" Ships will no longer be driven by
: he Comunervial Moontbunty. fteam, -Blectricity will be thelr motive
A : ~. tpower, And then it wilt be possible to
! ; _., | ross the Atlantic in three days.
1, New York, June 14.—Thomag A, Edl- {At the prosent timo nine-tenths of
“aon, In an Interview yesttraxypstarea™ he power sbielned fom goal is lost
+ that?o cane [by the use of boilers, wheels and dyna~
‘AHE"tor the rest of his Hfe he In- |o swith the ‘direct generation of
‘tends to devote all his attentlon to |the | electrical currant, therefore, the
selentific problems without a thought [yworld will have ten times more energy
of W foul ‘than now.”
_of whether or not thefr solution would than WIS been sald, Mr. Edison, you
_ bring financial gain, Mr. Edison made Intended to take up the study of spon-
the prediction that before tong science | taneous Ife."
would enable the farmer to enrich his ate will leave ene for air. Burl.
y : i the }\was the prompt reply. “That ts too
nee By "means: of ‘nitrogen fae mysterious for me, and yet, for that
ate 2 + timatter, It is no more strange than 30.-
“The element necessary for making | ‘900 other things a man nay observe."
land fertlle” he said, ‘is nitrogen, |)"Here the speaker paused, and Ift-
which exists in almost Inexhaustlble | ing a bit of paper from the table, he
tet St drop.
quantities In the atmosphere. Until tere ae ear explain why that paper
reoontly, however, the utilization of ! faites,” he sald. “You may call tt grave ;
atmospheric nitrogen was regarded as Ata put then £ TRE gravl- :
F . ; _|tation?’ No one can tell why the mag-
Ree a porary i Ltd caent ons et attracts Iron or steel. We are still:
usiness men sal could never be }enorant of the true character of elec- {
obtained cheap cnough to acl. to the Pears Indeed, to me, after all the}
qurmec as tertiizer, aa an i years I have spent in studying elec |
"But the day Is Just ahout to dawn __ttHelty, It In More a mystery now en
when the alr will ‘be made to give its 49°C" -
nitrogen to ‘the earth, and to make jf. - Selentist vw. Inventor,
it yleld more abundant harvests and “Sclentific Investigation Is far dif:
fatter herds of cattle. “In Norway i -: erent from the experimental work of ,
plant has been established which has ‘|@: mere inventor. The latter almply
been conducted with such good results [takes certain natural forces, us they
that T expect to see atmospheric fer- te, and seeks to «ultilize then in a:
tizer on the market | athis country . ractical way. The former takes these
‘ithin the next ten years, -pame forces and seeks to explain why
‘ That such: a product ‘will goon .be 7 fand how they act. Ihe scientist tries
impratively’ necessary there 13 ‘no fo Jook Into the beyond.
doubt. Every shiplond ‘of wheat and .| ‘That ts why scientists differ to such
_ corn which goes ‘abroad leaves the pf Steat ilegree along the same Mnes
‘ United Stutey so much poorer, nat In “pf research. Take. for example, the
} gold, but in nitrogen.” 2 they ubject of ether—that element which
1 Prediction of n Famine. -} Js supnosed to pervade all space, and
| © Sir Wittlam Crookes, when he was y means of which Nght vibrations tra-
: el to us from the most distant stars.
president of the British Association for -Eome haye held that ether is of almost
the Advancement of Sctence, pruphe- - 3 . ¥
Iu that in another quarter of a cen= ineatetiaae rarity. So we get tite
j alt the earth would be drained Of J"uBut the latest theory I have heard
nitforen ta much @ degree that there Aavanced concerning. the consialara
ithe world, He may have taken too f ether ts that it is 35.000 times more
‘discouraging a vlew of the subject, Jense than stect.”” As he, uttered thls
‘but nevertheless hls statement had a fentence the speaker burst | Into a
| true basis of fact. erry jaugh “Just think Oe ints We
Heart t alt are swimm!ng around here in some-
At the present tlme the bulk of the Bs ‘
world's supply of nitrogen comes from ieplng vat {nx 34.000 see fore compact
the saltpetre beds of South America, an the Hardest steel tall. but: ne
Dut these are belng dug up so fast it
will not be very long. before they will a
be exhausted.” H
“Another scientific discovery which ,
T expect to see before I die." continued |
[tHe man whose own Inventions have |
*much as It pervades all our tissues, we
“don't notice ft"
yi -
dene so much to revolutionize modern f
life, “Is the direct generation of. elec- |
tricity from ‘coal. ‘This “has ‘already 4;
been achieved-in an: experimental was. |
I have heard of ‘several ‘men who have
done It. 1 myself have generated an
Tue rt, 907
Bress And UMItea tutes Gesusvsnemeee °
ie
‘.
delegates ex-otticto, The r
+ ‘ailronds an-
nounce low rates for those attending
ete the greatest Interest in
_—_
THOMAS EDISON PROPOSE.
FERTILIZATION FROM AIR.
NEW YORK, June 144.—Tho
adiveuenta.quoted In an Interview to-
day a8 predicting that before long
Niceeaa enable the farmer to enrich
usa lands y ine
a 2 aneaing of nitrogen trom i
“Until recently the util:
:Mmospherfe nitrogen was aes aa
_ merely a laboratory demonstration,
: Business men said tt would never be
jobtained cheaply enough to sell to the
farmer as a fertilizer. In Norway 2
Plant has been estabilshed which has
been conducted with auch good results
that I expect to see atmospheric fer-
tillzer on the market {n this country
within the next ten years,
‘That such a product will soon be (m-
Peratively necessary there fs no doubt.
Every shipload of whert ‘and corn
ay goes aeroed leaves the United
8 80 Much poo
inaleenens poorer, not In gold, but
ve Edison continued:
_ Another acientife discov
T'expect to see before-I die ‘e the ain
rect generation of electricity from coal.
This haa already been achleved in an
experimental way. I have heard of
several men who have done It. Im+
agine what will be the consequences,
At the present time nine-tenths of the 1
power obtained from coal is lost by
the use of bollers, wheels and dynamos,
With the direct generation of the elec-
trical current, therefore, the world will
have ten times more energy than now."
Dawerful
wes,
“1?
CA
JUNE BY 1407, :
Nikola Tesla on’ His-Wireles
for the ‘Trans '
To'the Editor, of The'New York ety
You have balled “mo” ant jnyentor::of '
babies
ies?
xomo useful splesea “of, oloctriculappn-!
rotus.” ‘It'ia not quite ‘upgtoumyesptra~;
a
tlons_byit. I, nwuat. real: nasvente:
rroenta fato.., +I canna
feht.
"to. th
48 tho'thousandn of mililtons of dollat
vorted\in enterprises! o “which Att |
foundation. i
Inventions, :
havo: since anpounced, - fo:
invented: what" Immediate ‘necossity? sug
Rested, but what I found os most desirable
to-invent,-Irreapactiveof—timer4 Lot ma}
toll, you only’ of one—m:
trananiitter,” a: machina:with;'which 1
have passed a current.of one)hundred:am-|
jeres arqund’thgigiobs, ,withi which: ean:
barge Dak
atotcally’ bore:the pain tha! ‘ae hi
‘Ar fundamontal ‘discove'
vention} 1s alway:
{moro thanv'that.
and philorophers: to“ whom?
And “this:t
u : ton tn a
S armature, ymean:quite as.
say that? my:
“than ‘ay! usetul:
ratug "7! a
| make” the wholo:,oarth-. layd{y
Noarly “four mtu x
watorfalls hro harnessed /by.zmy ,altornat-'
Ing clrront yystem-ofitranamtanlon;.whieh
ls ko snylng that one hundred million men
untiring, consuming! nothing, “rope
no ‘pay—aro’ laboring - to:'providg fo :
wants, incldentally saving; tho;waste Noe
one hundred million: tong‘of coal ‘annually.
Inithia great city’ tha elevated ‘ronds,\ the
subways, and, atreot, railways ‘nro’ oper-"}
ated by my) ayatem,2and “the ‘lamps’ and
other electrical} appliances” get” the’ curs
rent throughSmnchinory’ of: my’ tnvention.
And as Jn Now York eo alt the'warld over,
‘whore electricity 1s Introduced,’ . The
telephone and tho Incandescont:lamp fl)
specific and’ minor demands, electric, pow-
or mects the many gonpral and sterner,
necossltles of Ife. Yes, I niust ‘admit,
howaver reluctantly, the truth -of) your
unflattoring contentlon,” Rati
But the greater commercial
of this Invention of mine is not the ‘only
advantnge I have over’ my ‘celebrated
predecessors In tho realm of: tho .useful,
who havo given us the telephong and tho.
Incandoncent Inmp, Permit mo te remind |
you tint I dtd not have, Mice Bell, ‘such
help as tho Rois .tolophone,
which reproduced music‘ and, only needed
a deft turn of an adjusting screw to re-
poat the huntan volea; lor mueh—rigurour})
nsalatance as Edlson found tn’ the. Incan-
dercent Ininpasaresemg and Starr, .which
only needed to bo mado of high roaist-
ances Not at all. I had to cut tho'path j5
myself, and my hands are still ‘sore, All|)
the army of my opponents and detractors }
was over ablo to drum up againsat'mo, in fi
fa fanatic contest haa: alminored downto |!
a short article by, an-Itallan~Prof,'Fer-|:
raris—dealing with on ‘absiract“and phys-,
feally. meantnglens Idea of a rotating mag-
netie ‘polo and published yoars;atter(my.
discovery, montha even! atter./my coms
Plete disclosure of the':wholo: practically.
developed system In. all tts:
Wvernally adopted featuren,
cation, peaslmistic ‘and, discouraging,:,.tle-
vold of the‘ discovoreris virilityiand!.force,
devold .of, results, utterly t wanting: In(tho
faith ‘and devotion of the'inventor,: ado
foctlve and bolated record’ of
feoblo. man ‘whosa only“ reapons
whole-soujed t:, brathar fx greoting)
‘plaintive: eryot. Prlorit:
at, yo
Pat?
spowery
Dene ees wees eae
importance
‘
]
t
)
a]
1
1
i
ontlal unis
tle a publl-,
‘orYoriginat:1n-
softy), but! “it Istotten
sThote ares
truot ot}-allsmnys ‘Mlacovortes,
4 ‘gotentitio’reaultaiwhich I
‘I-have {nevor
£ ean? to
otliing Tore
ontoenn on this far one
[PHOTOCO
mal
iW fool*-thats.thoy
4+ New) York: able! ¢
ontality, of :this-Icorresponden: ¢
mo to onic: you’ just one or two.aue
of
~ ease
Y
v
albiiities,, bu
PY]
Sicascleced loses oi eksasceas one
0 be eon paifed by tact}
to’ dwall.on*fmy «own,
‘delicate: sen-
‘your 'herole
‘TL ‘obaerve
Jiand juincenaipg!fetforts ; in’ praiping “your;
paper;;while, yoursalatingul
afoontreyen
Intainzonstayinerls:
BYU)
sat
regard: to’a .work: which’.I: began’ in
J) 4H02, inspired. by's high tribute’ from Lord
Raylelgh at the Royal Institution,’ mont
difficult Jabor’ which! I” have: carried: on
‘lfor years, encournged by ‘the’ sympathetic
{ntorest, and approval of Holmholtz,: Lord
Kolvin, ‘and my great friends,’ Bir Wijliam
Crookes and Bir Jamen Dewar, ridiculed
hy the ‘small men whose names I have
seen displayed’ in vulgar, and deceptlve
advertisements. 1 refer low my :A7eher
wireless transminsion of energy.
The principles which, it‘ involves org
eternal, Wo are on & conducting ‘bodyy,
nulated In space, ‘of definite and un
, 1
changeable dimensions and properties, It
ov mover “be possible to: transmit {olec
trical. energy economically through this
body and its environment excopt hy 35
thous,
ontiaily ‘the ame means and, mo!
srhlch I have, dlscovered,/and tho system,
18 “Bo” porteot now -that.it. admita: of ‘but,
ttle Improvement. — Since I have nccopt=
a) as ‘true your opinion, which ;1 ‘hops,
will not’ be shared by ponterlty, ‘would,
ou mind telling a renson why this ad-,
ance Bhould not stand worthily hestde,
1| tho discoveries of Copernicus? ; Wil you:
r 3)
tate why it should not bo over. 20 muc!
i ore Important and valuable;to the proge
a ‘and welfare of man?: Woke
We could-still ‘bellevo in the's:
i .
yr) theory and yet: advance virtually;;as° we
a
;!
5
s}mate'nature:of. things. :
{'} perse! {ons-are accurate..our log!
do, 7 The work of the ‘astronomer. would
«| puffer, for somo of his deductions -would:
at on; erroncous * assumptions...” ‘But,
: ‘wo: shall never; knowthe intl.
fttor..all,“wo: shal gee bet ml
;No:ono-can. estimate, to:
oxtent the ‘great! knowledge ‘he"convoyed
o|has;boen natrumental ‘ins developing ithe
4] the, sam:
| tuiure, -when, the'-wated power:
wer of our minds and furtherlng discov:
try-and invéntion, 7; Yet,‘ ith
Y,
‘loft all'thy
tin,
bn
cs
8;
Lye
qaeryenh 3
agility gto dley tha yPong
Canal.as oopferata’ the Siberian sRallw
_ orto irrigate andfortilize the Sahara.:The
‘Anl lo-gaxon" race? he
co; has"at great past and
present, but ‘its "real:
in, the
controls shall up.
entire world,
As -to.untverss
ing. In :the order. lc
war Indispensable to:’the “snfo"and ‘sang
progress.of man, ‘if that’ utopian ‘exlatonco,
{a ntéall; possible, iit! can be! only, attained
of/nature !which (mates
through thlia very ‘moans, -for. all: Interna:
tional’ frlotion ‘can) be {trace
cnuse—tho: tmmonso,’ extenaion
| planet. My ‘system of.wiroless transmie
sion completely annthitates. distance! a
departmenta of: human: activity."
I¢ this does not appeal:,tot you'suff
elently. to recognize ‘ini mo.'a discovere,
of principles, do “m
BaP MSETS ao ih a eee
titul pieces pf electric wieO ie:
* New, York, Juno 34, 1
Sat: least,’ soy beat
!
|
[PHOTOCOPY]
~EuUNT oe Freeporr ill i
From fat. Mich. — Jourcns "From ee
Thi of |
a. @ ue Bate ot [Yo |
We ft
“1907 ’ Greece agtacd with Houaa’s vi
FIGHT OVER PHONOGRAPHS
Ivo Companies at War About the
Righe to Sell the Machines
.° in New York, é
New York, July 5.—Supreme’ Cour:
Tustice,. Martin J, Keogh, of West
UI Oy wa ngiemres mene nate dunes sean
‘ As
Thomas A, Edison and the various
Dhorwameponiianles tn w
interested “Were dele nm Which he 13
At A severe blow |
esti : : ° i
yesterd ear aereme Court Tustice Chester county, rendered a deesston 4
farilp : , dered a decision Sarring ;
are All_dealera in” New York-state | & wring all dealers In, thls state. fram
ell
ng “orchandiing Edigon rece
plies without the pennies
‘ork. Phonograph company.
tha more than $25,600 *
AU . 7
selling or handling the Thon
som records or supplies without the
‘parmbulou..of the New York Phono-
graph company. "The dealers through-
out the state, of which there are somu’
40, are ordered to give.an account:
. ing of all records gokt for the lust ten
\ Fears. It 1s dstlmnted thut about $32,-.
000,000 is involved In the suit 4S!
eu l Lnecomeeeres | | 7°, Th6'> phonograph war bis been
“Hieepropodition Ws states! waged through the courts for muny
fed with Hotlund’s vlew.: years,’ It Is alleged that although the
Srnec eee Natlonal Phonograph company, one of
IGHT OVER 'PHONOGRAPH: the Fdlson concerns, was ordered by
ot - ey the court not to sell the phonogvaphs
Mctal
Leen
oh eae
Souw
d Coluinbla, Pera, ~ Hews
h er supplles in this state the dealers
wf were encournged to do..s0. ‘The New
MUL G. sep 8
Oh. ra .
Be aig retereneseetsnces sees ten tones eneenece
“must Tromise to obey the Man ~oye.. |
Thorhton emegevooms by adj:
ais that he requires “
‘uniise i: obedience, ‘Squire, Nathar !
York Phonograph company mitinta‘na
) that [t purchased the sole right to sell
{ Edison machines in this state,
i
is
rendered a deetsla}:
binring an déaiers’ hy this state toon
selling ov handling the ‘Tomas A, Edis
= ; ‘ i sontrecords or supplies wit the
arta teed couplp.just any | ugSion “of the New: York Phono-|,
scary} * ne giaph:-company. “The dealers throigh-
:000,009 Phonograph Suit.~-- | oft the state, of which there are somu
ork, July 6—Supreme Court DLO, are ordered to give an, aceount-],
Martin J. Keogh. rendered ¢ its of all records sold for the Inst ten
barring all dealers in’ this pars. tT Is estimated that ahout $32,
selling or handling the ,000 Is Involved in the su't. . .
. Edison records of supplies a sPhonograph war . has been
i . e ‘of the ‘New aged through the courts for many
York ;Phonograph’ company.” The 94C Sears: ‘Jt-is’altoged ‘that althoug’ the
’ lealers ‘thro ghout the st:te are or. National Phonograph company, one of
gi ecounting of all the Hdison conegins, wag ordered by
‘Jast 10 years, It { the coi rt not to sell the phonog. a:
rdted wout $32,000,000 ts In- f pplies “In this state the cedlers
in the sult, ” K were encouraged to.do $9... ‘he New
" - York Phonograph vompiduy malnta‘na
that it purchased the sole rigit to sell
‘ Bilisan tigehines in thig gints. .
ca
tne
ords"ar supplies without permis.
Geinnany. te New York Phonograph
_. Uy © Phe"dealers threughout } ‘ f
which there aro some BHO, ato orate
givo an accounting of all records
2 old for the last 10 years. It is eatl-
a ted that about $32,000,000 tg Involved f
A phonograph war hay been waged |
‘
}
5
. | in’the courts for many years.
wW
Lad)
Feo patios, TO Mirae = eeelél
UL 1908
Silaseseatsosoomreoereonees
Type Rane
N his sixtieth bi
was Feb, 11 last, Thomas A.
Edison’ announced that he
had abandoned tho caregr of a
money making inventor and had 4dopt-
ed that of a scientific investigatbr on
original lines, The only Inference to be
drawn from such a@ statement-war that
the Wizard had arrived at that stage
of financlal Independence tn whith he
might afford to pursue scientific re-
search merely for the love of it and on
account of the service he would be able
to render mankind. — That. is‘ thq' way
in which it was interpreted by the pub-
lic, and It seems to have been pe-fectly
correct, . : Z
Now he admits that he has been hard
at work at o problem the solving of
which will’ confer’ Inestimable benefit
on future generations. When he |was
president of the British Assoclation For
the Advancement of Sclence, Sir Wil-
Mam Crookes’ prophesied that in’ an-
other quarter of a century the earth
would be so drained of nitrogen that
famine would be certain to follow. in
many of the older ‘parts of the globe.
The eminent, scientist’ declared that
nitrogen is being driven from the soll
With such rapidity that) no means
known to man will suffice to supply in
sufficient quantities to restore fertility.
to the earth. :
Essential to Fertility. "
“It was established’ long ago thatxihe
elément essential to tho fertility of the
soll 1s nitrogen. «It {s also well’ under-
stood that nitrogen exists In practically
._inexhaustible quantities in the atmos-
> phere. Not until recently, however, has
it occurred to anybody that this huge
store of the precious fertillzer in the
alr could be drawn upon and utilized.
It) has always -been the opinion of
«,8clentists that {ts extraction’ from the
atmosphere would be entirely too costly
to make it available for commercial
Purposes,
Now Mr, Edison predicts that science
Will be able ere long to teach the farm-
er how he can enrich his’ crop worn
fields with nitrogen from the air. He
says that the day is just about to dawn
when the alr will be made to give its
nitrogen to the earth, to make it yleld
more ‘abundant harvests and fatter
herds. “A beginning has been made in
this direction, and a plant’ has been
established in Norway which has yleld-|:
ed’ such. encouraging results that’ it is
entirely ‘possible that within the next
decade an: abundance of ‘atmospheric
fertilizer may be’ obtained in the mar-|
kets of the world, mn #
[26 Thomas
\40%
yee
Edison
has devoted a good deal of attention to, experlence I had with my wife.
was in tho habit of sleeping from elicht
to nine hours every-day. f
could get along with fivo or six’ hours'
the Investigation of dietetic reform and
has arrived at the conclusion that we
eat and sleep altogether too much,
Quite recently he committed himself as
follows:
“Let me impress one all important
thing upon your mind—that fs, that
you observe most rigidly the rule of
hygiene regarding careful and mod-
erate eating. Fully 80 per cent of tho
illness ‘of mankind comes from eating
improper food or too much food, Peo-
ple are Inclined to overindulge them-
selves in this respect when they are
spending their holidays, I haye al-
Ways been a light eater, and I fully ap-
preciate the fact that the sole purposa
of food is to preserve the chemical
energies and keep the human machine
going,
“Where there is no drain on the sys-
tem the minimum amount of food will
do. Even the Italian laborers aro able
to preserve their muscular tissue on a
small amount of bread and cheese, and
they certainly work hard,
“Then why {is it necessary for the
business man to eat great quantities of
food.when there fs no drain on his sys-
tem? Elaborate dinners are a. curse,
Many business men eat enough food ta
supply a regiment, They are cloggligy
up thelr boilers: by doing so and wil!
lve to regret‘it.
“Another important rule to observe l¥
this: Get out of bed as soon as you
open your eyes:in the morning,’ Don't
Ne In bed and walt: to see if you can-
not go to sleep again. That is a fool-
ish thing to do, “Jump out of bed and
do something, anything. Be active and
alert, get your blood in circulation, leap
right Into the activities of life the first
thing and you will soon see that your
brain works better.
“There Is absolutely no reason why
we should sleep, except that our pre-
historic ancestors got into the habit of
sleeping, and we haye never broken
ourselves of It. There {s no need of
sleep now.. We can turn the darkness
of night into the light of day by our
electric Nghts, so why should people
slecp? I belleve that if we had -per-
petual sunlight we would, in’ a few
gencrations, get over this bad habit of
sleeping,
Beware of. Much Sleep.
“Sleep dulls the intellect. If people
would not sleep so long we would de-
velop into a stronger and more intel-
lectual race, It is well) known that the
ant, one of the most intelligent of in-
sects, does not sleep,
eget
ie
os
st as
benefit by thg
that she could
but finally cq
Sho now sled
“The best proot of what I Bay,
Sha
Ttuid (ane
ir
ti
SWS pT EAL TT
‘<dison and ‘His R
ell and that she would
change, Sho protested
not do with less sleep,
sented to try my. plan.| slcep,
s only five and a half
ecent Investig
ours, feels stronger, {s healthier and] but the quality, I go to sleep as soon
her mind ts more active,
| “People say they need elght hours’| dreamed in my life.
but they don't. It is not the] move after I go to sleep, AS soon as
quantity of sleep you get that counts,
as I get in bed, and I have never
I very. seldom
my cyes are open in the morning I
spring out of bed and get dressed, for
I know that when my eyes open havo
had sufficient sleep,”
And the Wizard practices what he
preaches, Every morning he rises at
half past'5, reads until breakfast time
and is at work in 1.ls laboratory at 8,
There he remains until 7 in the evening.
After his dinner he reads or studies un-
til midnight. “Like the late Russell
Sage he is not a believer in summer
vacations, but he admits ‘that it {Is'a
habit to be acquired easjly, That he
is a mild yictim {s apparent from the
fact that he spends a few weeks in tho
early spring of each year. in ‘Florida,
but his wife declares that It°ls really
no vacation at all, for Mr. Edison
works as hard as ever when he js tak-
ing It.
Firm In His Resolve,
He still adheres to his Intention to re-
main aloof from commercialism and to
devote his remaining years to discov-
erles that aro for the world’s benefit
alone. This Is the way he!puts Itt
“In my forty-flye years’ work as an
oo
ations 3©-
verfler noted certain phenomena tn
the} movements of the known? planets
in’ our solar system that Jed, him to
believe that there wasian undiscovered
planet having the sun for {ts center.
From what he was able to observe of
these phenomena he made a series of
mathematical calculations from which
he told just where this unknown planet’
Was, to be found, He gave its exuct
size and weight, its distance from the
sun and calculated the absolute line
of its orbit. “Other astronomers took
up the calculations of Leverrier, looked
for'the planet where it Was’ said to be,
and thus Neptune, the outermost planet
dn our’system, was discovered in exact
conformity with the French astrono-
Mmer’s description. I count that as per-
haps the most. remarkable © Instance
that we have of a pure mental effort
inthe conquest’ of science. The dis-
covery. of Kepler's laws, the result ‘of
nineteen years' continuous “investiga-
tion, {sa similar Instance.
“I have taken out, I suppose, about
a thousand patents, representing varl-
ous Inventions, during my career as an
inventor, I don’t expect to take out
another patent In this new fleld of dis-
covery that I have chosen, but it may.
be that I will find things that will bring
'the necessity of patents.to many an In-
inventor I have run across many qucer| Ventor who comes after me.”
things that seemed to lead off. into un-
discovered worlds of (thought.
I'am going back to pick up the threads
that I left on the: way and see where
they will take me. There is:no end of|
possibilities for the man who starts out!
on this road and who {fs entirely indif-
ferent’ to the monetary value of his
work. . I calculate that we know one-
seven-billlonth of 1 per cent about
anything, so I have given myself a
good margin to work on. Iam going to
give nature a show,. and if I don't
strike something new it won't be my
fault, f
“There $s a great difference between
discovery and inyention. The latter 1s)
Generally attained by a process of puro’
cold reasoning from’ ascertained laws 0
science. A discovery, on the other hand!
{s often the result of pure accident. Itf
Wasan accident, for instance, ‘that
ave us the Roentgen ray. Another act!
revealed radium to Becquerel while he
Was working out a) problem: in fluor-
escence. But there is another kind of
discovery that “is the result) of pro-
determined effort, starting from cortain
observed facts and<aiming at a defin-
ite object. “Let me give: you the best
instance of this that we have in scl-
ence, ¥
“Sixty. years ago the astronomer. Lo-
C.-Y. LOOMIS,
SEAN RAT A aie UE MIE
Now } x er ~
[PHOTOCOPY]
5 ny ree P
Gale tne 5 ) :
i i
I és
: ee, i
i Pe i
{ i
i i
: 7 |
= ——— EEE
i }° BEAUTIFUL, HDISON GROUNDS, | 3%
i ‘ ncaa: ut
x i
H [ Visiior to Llewellyn Park De: Be 1s
' i: What He Saw at the Home of the & ' : the houge Male DOsKORHEH HO speelale
H i ent Lnventor. 2 i ane erat architeuturay fonturens i
4 8 ! cH ons potes '
! ‘The atieation of visiturs lo Elewellyn | 8p ; ihrawgh lige niahaitas Ma ined ilo
Park bas always bean attracted to the] ge 1 Us getting nme tite nie Wt
srotinds oof ‘homus, vy lsun, but
t nore partlenlucly shige the recent gare
den fele noven by him. Edison Sor
atrobbery ie whieh resin ts \
" ! 2 is peculiar
cherny he grounds Nave jal tien
laled out entirely for splay, nor ote
i al OTe LL , When tho entive plies] 4a they thaunt Llisnvtohiear. L
| Warne ater acd neat (actt, (@ uther does sor the een au aa
i The place aaed for by almost ail) 4s ‘ Hereby, It ig by stidy ator mal tiie
Vindle to Llewellyn Park ta My. didi | ; henuties are felt, nna im ie ese
Mt ail Olticer daha Boner, “And | any other from ‘the Shihiee tliat
then?” suid his iterlueutur, “On, then |3 MOUSE ENUIE, frome when At the
i They ask where the wonderful ight ts[ vt the shrubbery must be coe ms :
fi Ret up that appears nightly and rene ¢ Apprechited, ‘the rlindodendent to be j
: tins at night the park as tight ast heen partleularly fine thin Bel have :
* The tetion has been elreuliuted 2 . tielr brittiant colori: Hel Torthen “und ;
and cannot be downed that Mr, Mdisun | % uaulen and iahnlas frre ri WIth the, !
lights Llewellyn Park fn a most won- g ‘ boautiful hose hana en ay most
derful way entirely at lis own ex} 4 vas lo see this seene Mt a wile it i
pense and by mens of an Invention of ¥ ‘weds of electria Maghts ni iy Dene
his that ds gent ap by a balloon or sone ry thing tome to be romembort 1 oma
mysterlous agent of bis devising, aud | 3 the genevosily of thelr iioaiie What i
uppears as it bright star in the drma- | epreelated wag alain ue ry wwnin
ent, and they expect lo see the en-| ¢ tevelpts for the Wwanthe A Ihe cast
Hire lawar covered with mechanical ape] ¢ ehteh dt was designed iY DUTpOXe for
Dilinees, all of Mr, Hdison'sa devising. { Disappolutuent is Ex [URMed ia
‘The faterest of the lwo centres nowy . Mey tern the het if hea t Whee
: however, ln anything of this kind, but) * metity ti aind about the anal ndivid=
H te the beauty and rarily of tha nue Lat to digeorn the inuitatntanteng en
merous trees and shrubs whieh cover
Its row! expunses, from the bloom
dus af the magnottis this place isan
epitome to the student of hortien)ture,
The vartety of weeplng trees—Jdapane
ese fowerlng cherry (Cerasus Japon
Jen pendulay will be remembored for
Mis Menuly this springs it stands close
{0 the house on the west alde and its
Yeholders ask voluntarily “What Is
H ir" Phe weephig dogwood (Cornus
é Movida pendula) comes next, and isa
j renarkably thie specluen of Us tree,
and the Miropean weeplag birehes and
Deeches, dnd of he beeehes the copper
or puepte beech belay particularly io-
Heenble; nnd then the naples—the dap.
tiesxe WOX Ineples, the blovd maple, x0
ented from its vivid coloring, and the
cut fenved maples, silver, Oregon aut
Norway, ‘he Whose sweet
us oat ts
CF we enttivated taste fd ct dike rientiente
een le Gur better Dorpose (ae that or]
xcrvite tattation ow that RIVOrS Of
the atop, he hueikedpe woedk of the
wlitce ik performed by Penk Drews
: fd 2 corps af ay My amneor the ate
Hon oof Mra, Wont. Ma Daas
hough a yous man, Delonge tod
‘Hon his worl a tratttog guined Hpon
Hudson River estate, ind close study
oC his aets de epeelal ere hag been to
hreserve the ortginal scheme of the
as fest Intd out by competent
crtists, and go snly wanting tn ther
bordona of tteww Dari. where,
with the Japse at Ce, vistay have
boon y MItted Co close Wap guart lee
Mterate to mare FOU, Man view
trom each window {ka Dielure, and
whether it he that of the CUstaint lawns
¥ woodland scenes, or Up oN of |
sPe rte OF 00 ata ae ate ate ote oF ake hele ala ata wie aly oe in ate alae
veered dita; Statliag rons a yetey a
Preseney lon are We revel ly with the Inndseape mania ie ae ace
JQ) purple tresses, (IL the abe with a ‘hese Intact and hrevent the IRL ; :
rather heavy pertame, Heronchinent of tree growth the 4
“How Is It that the onk trees keep] t Heesent perfection of many. at tl sai t
green so lung up the Edison lawn?" ts] é Ms and ehrubs is due te Sudleine h
Trequently asked, 11s because of the], vrinfog, and etimination calte: fay ‘a i
1 Vauglish oule (Quercus Robur), and wy, haneh “Judgment sue orlistat tly su fi
differs from the Amerieni sister in die routine erudition, ae
fongd of Gls leat and ds ure tpeised;
th keep thelr verdire unidll (he frost
le Then fo Ue dale audi, and
t contrast beneditully with die pla tau
i ether vierlodies, whlet turn al vivid
seared. he avenie of lime oe Amert-
vay Teneteas Jat neetde of Clie ab
Among the reeeut Howertng shrubs
she agnten AnwWON, WIth ths rosy pure
oe Howers, the first of ita fuintly to
floom Jn the Sprlag. | Avalon tolls
(Contluued on Page 4.)
Beant!
srounds,
(Continued ty le Lge fe
hybrid Pontica, th its “beh i path
flowers, and Indien, of pure white. Th!
rhododendrong havo attained @ helghi
of fifteen feet and have attracted man,
visitors during the past season, man
of them procurlng vehicles at tho ata |
tlon to vialt thia truly berutiful coun i
try seat, and the pleasures In store fo
the summer and autumn will be th
lily of the valley shrub (Andromedar
j
i
fhe puortioutar pride of Me.
statlanmed al Parkway nnd fouki
H through Hs arebimg boughe of this
large heart-shaped feafed tree to the
distunt town beyond, the vista is quite
Dleasing.
The collecUon of conifers Is partlen-
larly Cult and worthy of special note
Some of these evergreen trees hay
splral branches, twisted mad curled,
and ascribed by the uninitiated (othe
gvaftlig upside down of these branch
on ‘Phe benuilful markligs of sume
of (hese will bear a eloge Inspection. |,
The double balsam fir (Abies Prasertty
i (A. Nordine), a beauticut speel-
men tree from the Crimean Mom.
tins; Norway spruce (Ficin ox.
tIsa inverta), the black spruce (Plein
Nigray, atid the pines (Pines Austri-
floribunda); tho althea or rose of Sha.
ron of varloug colors; the Tapanenc
snowballs, or viburnams, ‘Tamnrin
Africana, with Ita fenthery foliage and
small delicate flawers that bloom sc
profuxely along the banks of the Jor-
dan River in Patestine, and Inter the
hydrangen randifiora, with great
heads of white flowers, whieh finatty
eas, aantide whl rine | (Pina fitrn to pepe und hofere ihe frost
Monticaa. and the weeployg aad Alpe Ibs AH end to att otttalide Norat blo,
Sp Teetten Troe
an
ee es
i
‘doe! he sult of Thomas A, Edigon } .
sea re fe Weatsoneopanptorin= andy
wew esos
4 Vice Chancellur Stevens, of Nowark,
© Bepmmestown, Pa. RepUblisan.
wh 27, ER
attest EEE wen
‘y ino. steamsnipy HiverUrae Tee
WAN'S FACE 18 Hig PROPERTY | |
4 * 2
‘Dourt Holds That’ It is as Sacred as
Pre His Name
N. J, hn fled’ an opinion tn Chan-
Manufacturing Company, enjoining .
the. defendanta from using’ the .UMke-{”
nega of the face of Mr. Edison on tts],
outfit, which is attended with, af
\certificate alleged to havo,heon aigned |:
by. Edison recommending the use ot
the compound. Vieo Chancellor Stey-
eng,..who holds that a man’s face ts).
as much his property 28 his “name,
-SOY8! a
“If the mere exhibition of one’s
face to oné's friends and to others
on the public streets be. a publigation
for all purposes, then tho lina of cases
of which Pollard agalost Photographic
Company fs an example, wes wrongly
decided, for there could be no tmpiled
contract of cértiNente to wep that
privato’ hich was already; publle
propert ee gee
-, The: opinion reclton that Mr. Ee
{4 a than of electrical. things of, wortd
wide repute, When a young man” he
prepared & compoiind for medjcal pur
“poses, particularly for the rollef ‘of
neuralgle pains, by external applica-
tion, hi 3897°a My. Lowls and at Mr,
Jacobs visited the Edison laboratory,
and ho told them he had a compound
which he called a polyform, which
was death to patn, The two men final-!
ly bought the preparation for $5000. |
Boome 30. Ein? 70. -
SUL @ Je
BIG ELECTRICAL SHOW.
New York Will Have
Display.
ONS
Magnificen
New York, July 9—"The blsges
electrical show yet held" js the plar
for the exhibitlon which opens If
Madison Square garden on Sept. 30
Almost every known olectrie: «
ance willbe shown, ieee
Madison Square garden. will be talé
out ona new plan,- Phere will . b¢
three avenues, Kdison, Westinghouse
and Franklin, ru ast and west
with threo cross strecta running north
and-south. The interior will be decked
with 300,000 clectric. Nghts, rivalling
Dreamland Jn its glory. At each cor-
ner goose neck lamp posta: will mark
the intersection and a big blazing
arch is to mark the main entrance,
TA
a
Bangor, Me.-Commerolal
UNL 29 Igy, °
DISON'S FACE.NOT
“os” .LEGALLY USED
Chancery Court In Newark, N. 3
. Enjoins Patent: Médicine Company
* «From Putting It.on Ite Bottles. °
* New York,” July 20That a (man’s
‘face.aa well ag his name Is his exclusive
property, aud may not be used: by oth.
ers against his consent, was a polit of
equity law laid downo at Newark, N. J,
by Vice Chancellor Stevens, 6 4
“The face in dispute
was that of :
im Ree © Ne ee
‘P01 aaa © “Wizard of | |
Llewellyn Park.” He objected to the use | -
of his likeness by. Bscollcery known aa
the Edison’ Polyforin aud’ Manufactur-
ing company, and. he applied. for an in-
junction restraluing Jt from . publishing
on. lts. products a picture of him, ac-
companied ‘by a certificate purporting
to- have been signed “by him, recom:
mending the:use of the compound, ‘The
vice cliuncellur granted, the jujunction,
Polyform was described In the pro-
ceedings as a neiiralgsa cure... Mr, Wdl-
yon compounded * the” preparation Ip
1879, before he became os famous as he
now is, Mr. Edison sold the formula to
Lewis aud Jacoba, ‘Chey formed ‘2 com-
pany, which wus Jater succeeded by a
Maine: corporation, and {t-in turn was
absorbed by ‘a “New. York corporation,
and finally the concern’ that was made
defendant in this action . secured: the
righe to maanufacture the compound,
‘The members of: this company: are resi-
denta of Chicago. -~ ° 3
It was claimed ‘that thé present for-
inula Js not the snine as that prepared
,by Mr. Edison, as ft does vot contaln
morphine, “which was-one of the In-
geedients he used...
Mr. Edison also declared: that he never
aintborized the use of his. pluture, aod
that he had never.made or authorized
the certifivate purporting to--be signed
by Lim. .He testitied that on the con-
trary; he objected.-to' any ‘une whatever
of elther bis name. or. his, picture.,
PuiLaveremia PA Recond
Pay :
Piste at
‘
UR BEE
ceannnrenenhOOM ONT IATAE NSTI
EDISON
aT . ; . 4
$ Thomas A. Edison grows ‘older ‘he “becomes
more reserved,” Time was, and not so anadiy
ago, when he was fegitiinate prey for every
rome utterance
TOTS
years
interviewer, About once a week
from him appeared in the new
was nol so much from Mr, Edisor
$ from his good nature and kindliness of sp
He was deeply interested in his work and ready at
all times to talk about it. '
Whenever a new scientific idea was proposed from
any quarter of the globe, the reporters flocked ty
Mr, Lidison, When the X ray was brought sharply
ty the world’s notice, for example, the New x rk
papers were flooded with stories of what Edison
was doing with the X ray. One would have thought
that he had had more to do with this scientitic cis
covery than Roéntgen. In fact, nut even RoOntgen
discovered the mysterious ray} but he made an
application of-it to the human hand which caught
the popular faney; and promptly it: was heralded
to the world as the Roéntgen ray. When Routgen’s
photograph of the bones of the hand was described
in the cnble despatches, Edison, having a livety
interest in every seientifid discovery, began to re-
produce the experiments; and straightway) the
American. press was’ filled with what Edison was
doing with the X ray.
Nowadays the newspapers do not send to Mr,
Edison so often as they once did.
One reason for this lies in certain abuses of Mr.
Edison which have appeared in foreign papers. The
foreign correspondents in New York not infrequently
write up to their editors’ conceptions of Americans.
ae
Now the foreign notion of us is not wholly compli-
.
[PHOTOCOPY]
AND THE’
mentary, The pictorial press of Paris clamors for
freals pictures from the United States. It will pub-
lish nothing about us except the abnormal, The
Germans and Engi
hare not very different from
the French in, their estimate of us. DE sat beside a
traveled English girl at at
ris table d'hot
one of her first remarks was, ° You Amerie
very extraordinary, When you have a railroad ¢
dent
you kill thousands: ‘tL you?™ As for
extravagances ike H
upon with joy by the foreign corresponden
and qroted to all Eurepe as being typical ef our sogia
ee ‘i
It must have been a French journalist who pub-
ished the most recent extravagance about Mr,
Edison. In Paris one is not permitted to forget
that an American was the inventor of celluloid col-
Jars and cuits, To be sure these are seldom seen in
New York; but on the Rue de Rivoli the traveling
American is greeted with the announcement of
“Linge Amerteain’ over a shop which deals in
nothing but these almost forgotten abominations,
No dowtht the ingenious journalist had this in mind
when he published broadeast through Europe the
story of the Edison Cellutoid Shirt. This shirt, he
said, which had just been patented by the ubiquitous
Edison, was made of three lundred Inyers of cellu-
foid, When one’s shirt became soiled, he.peeled off
a layer of celluloid and cast it as the snake does its
skin, Of course if one was disposed to be squeamish
he would peel off an inner layer also, But only ex-
tremists or reckless plutecrats would wear out
shirts so fast as that. Allowing two days fora layer
to becdme soiled, the celluloid shirt-should last the
FAKERS ©—
owner from two to four years, And one shirt would
answer all the requirements of the weather for-that
period of time, OF course, no one sige: ed wash
Ing the celluloid; that would be like spoiling the
u
3 2
never got into the American papers.
No Am aditor would have accepted it except
as a bit of extravagant humor. Brit the foreign
sploited it far and wide; and the foreign
readers epted it as true. OM fdison's first
knowledge of it came with a fetter from abroad
ordering a quantity of the new shirts for consump-
tion in Germany, “Then came orders and inquiries
from all over the world, Eventually six thou-
sand dollars had to be returned to eredulous mer.
chants who had believed the story of the Edison
shirt, i
This is only one of many expericnees Me. Edison
has had with foreign papers, Not but that the dig-
nified and peetable journals abroad have treated
him with every kindness. Not long ago a story
W papers that Mr, Edison
went the rounds of for
was perfecting a battery which would cost ten cents
to muke, with which a house could be lighted and
heated. Another story about him described a won-
derful apparatus into which one could feed the house-
hold garbage and take out electricity.
So it happens that the “ Wizard "not of Mente
but of Llewellyn Park now—has surrounded his
factory with barbed wire and high fences and put
around him a cordon of private sceretaries. ang
representatives through whont it is very dificult to
reach the laboratory where the ‘mati of tireléss
energy still works night and day over his inventions.:
AY
Pet pentbeth I. Soaraal
| MUL 25 1802
MANS FACELKE
‘MS SIGNATURE
° a)
PECUNIARY VALUE BELONGS
‘TO OWNER ALONE,
njurradian' For Edison to Provent the
_. + Uso of His Piotura.
«Trenton, Jitly 25.—That a man’s face
as well as‘his nume is his own property |
fs the gist of a decision handed down by
Vice-Chancallor ‘Stevens, enjoining the
Edison Polyform Manufacturing Com-
} pany from publishing on its products a
* picture of Thom; Edison, xccom-
panied hy a“cortificate purportt he
signed by him recommending the use of
the compound. ‘The Vice-Chancellor
sy Gord oe
“If a man’s name be his own property,
as no less ‘an authority than the United
Stato Supreme Court says it is, it is diffi-
cult to understand why the peculiar cast
of one’s features is not also one’s prop-
erty, find why its pecuniary value, if it
has’ one, dees not belong to its owner
rather than to the person seeking to make
-an untuthorized use of it, -If-the mere
exhibition of one’s face to one’s friends
and fo others on the public streets be a
piliceon for all ptirposes, then that
ine of cates of which Pollard against
Photographic Company is ‘an example,
was wrongly decided, for there- could be
no implied contract or confidence to keep
that private which was already public
: property,” ene ‘ %
<Enrly in his career Mr. Edison com-
pounded nx medicinal preparation intend |
ed to relieve neuralgic pains by external
application. This was firat made for the
personal use of Mr. Edison and his as-
sistants, and not for sale, In 1879 a Mr.
Lewis and a°Mr, Jucobs visited Mr. Edi-
ton’s lnbratory in Menlo, Park to ex-
amine his inventions. Mr. Edison hap: |
ened to mention the fact that he had
een a sufferer from facial neuralgia and
that he had made « preparation which he
had called polyform that he had found tof.
be a good pain-killer.. Lewis and Jacobs
were soeimpressed with its merits thit
they asked him to sell it, and Mr. Edi-
son finally agreed to dispose of his rights '
for $5,000. ‘The business changed hands ,
several times till it came to be called the;
Editon Polyform Company on its bottles,
The Edison Polyform Company had the
: - fallowi abel accompanied by Edison's
¢ pletures “eee es
‘+ “Edison’s Polyform.4 1 certify. that
, this preparation is: compounded according,
to the formula devised and used by my-
self," Thomas A, Edison.” “"* :
“7 AMrs Edison: testified ‘that he had never
:, authorized-the use. of hia picture and that
he tad n made ‘nér authotized the
: vertifieate ‘purporting’ to be “Signed® by’
Vere. 2 --
[PHOTOCOPY]
Bighoken,N.J.- Odor
QOL. 25 MOR
¢
' . 7 ee one
| [Hpectal to The Observer. }
| Trenton,” July | 25,—Vice Chancellor
iStevens has filed an opinion In Chan-
icery In the sult of Thomas A, Edison
against tho, Edison Polyform and
; Manufacturing Company enjoining the
defendants from using a Hiceness of the
Htact of “The Wizard. on’ its output
twhich is attendé® with a certificate
| alleged to have been algned by Edison
‘and recommending the use of the com-
/pound. . ay oe
{ ¥ice Chancellor Stevens held that a
'man's face {s as much,his property os
his name $s and in ‘his discussion of
this novel legal point he says: .
“If a man's name be his own pmp-
erty, as no less an authority then the
United States Supreme Court says it
fa, it ts difficult to understand why
the pecullar cast of one’s features js
not also one’s property, and why Its
pecuniary value, !f it has‘one, does not}
belong to Its owner rather than to the
person seeking to make“an unauthor-
ized use of it. é oe .
“If the mero exhfbition of one’s face
to one’s friends and to others on the
public strebts be a publication for all
purposes, then the Ilne of cases of
which Potlard against Photographic
Company is an example, was wrongly
decided, for there could bo ‘no !m-
Piied contract or confidence to keep
Gap
Su cy 36,13
ca |
Chancellor]:. --
zie
nde nranae
inel
je
Penton
MAN'S FACE.IS HIS PROPERTY
A.
’
od
Pucludgar
i2,
Pagel
che shot.”
july 25.—Vice
FEWARK; J
y
His Name.
the one who fir!
u
al) TELEOMAy to PUBLIC LeDoER.)
the Edison Polyf:
‘facturing Company, enjoining | the”
the sult of Tho
'
Pilladelpht
Nv
Court Holds That It.ts as’ Sacred as
Stevens today filed an opinion jn Chan-
‘against
wane smi
cery in
|
IZARD EDISON THE
OWNER OF HIS FACE
Chancery Court Restrains a Proprietar"* as ‘Yer e
Concern From Using the Likenes
+. Inventor Without Permissio,
fendants from using the Ikeness
that private which was already public
property,”
he opinion recites that Mr. Edison
i# a manufacturer of electrical things
of world-wide repute. When o young
man he prepared o compound for medi-
cinal purposes, particularly for the re-
Nef of neulargic pains, by external
application, In 1870 2 Mr. Lewis and
a Mr, Jacobs vistted Edison's labora-||
tory at Mento Park and he told them
ho had a compound which he called a
polyform which was death to pain.
ee ee ee i
[The two men finally bought the pro-
paration for $5,000, ‘
The Menlo Park Manufacturing
Company began‘to make the stuff and
to sell it, This concern failed and the
Edison Polyform Manufacturing Com-
pany took up the preparation for
manufacture, This company was final-
ly succeeded by a New York concern,
which also fatled, Then polyform
manufacturing went to Chicago, the
home city of the defendants, bi
On each bottle of the preparation
the manufacturing company uses these
words: “Eidlson’s Polyform. I certity
this’ preparation {s compounded ac-
cording to the formula devised and
used by myself. Thomas A. Edison,”
On the bottle Ber. edly paeterdliconess
also; appears, Edis ho never
authorized thet uso of his picturo and
name ‘and the court -holds that_the
Edison Polyform Manufacturing Com-
Pany has not the right to uso them,
—_
= an oy obo
par-
for. there
could be-no Implted contract or certificate
6 sailed a polyform,
ain. The two men
he told them he ha
ay
which
jeath to pi
finally bought the preparation for $5000,
d
hat private which was already’
Was d
public property.”
ing the use of the compound. Vice Chan-
‘eellor Stevens, who holds that a man’s
S
to keep, t
attended with a certificate alleged to
have been-signed by Edison recommend-
“If the mere exhibition of one’s face to
one’s friends and to others on the pubile
Tre opinion recites that Mr. Edison is
& man;of electrical things of world wide
streets be a publication for all purposes,
then the line of cases of which Pollar
cesof Mr. Edison on its output,
reputess When a young man he prepared a
Lewis and a-Mr. Jacobs visited the Edl.
ticularly for the rellef of neuralgic pains,
by~external .application.,, In 15397 a Mr.
against Photographic Company is an ex-
ample,.was wrongly decided,
compound, for medicinal purpases,
son laboratory, an
& compound
gays:
which
; face !s as much his property as hls nome,
‘
r]
ry
‘
From Pontiac, Mich. Press
i ‘
ieatieeceesds AUG Ath lec
card froin.” '
are
relative
EDISON ASKS INJUNCTION. |:
eannk di
een uae He OW
Rutter and appear, propared to furnish
Caimi “Tin” Patent” Klaetozraphte ‘4
= oumeres ‘In Infrlnged. od pond, =e
Washington, "Aug." 24-Thomas A. tos
« | galson, ‘the ‘Inventor, has*MCIMr™pettr EDISON FILES suIT. |
r HMtho supremo court of tho D! 2 cn ae ee .
‘trict’ of ‘Columbia, for an. Aes {nyenifor, Charges Thomas Moore with In- :
‘against ‘Thomas Moore, of this city,’ wd fringement of His Patent.
enjoining him from manufacturing 2 ior ,
certain improvement “in Seqnnection: Thomas A. Edison, the inventor, of
‘with Kinstographic cameras. |. oa Liéwellyn Park, N. J. onterday filed
tf Mr, Ed ton claims that Moore {a In-/ in de District supremo "court manaamus
fringing. ee a atone for proceedings against ‘Thomas Moore, of
“189%, which wi Jasued December in, pled hard poorer Tater ig infringe-
‘suing ‘on Injuhetion’ IY, ‘Edison, in his bill of complaint, i
1903, --- 4
'“"In addition to
pending the determination of the suit, which {s filed by Attorneys Church &
Church, avers that ho was the original
Mr./ Edison .claims damages to tho ex,
tent Of $20,090.” at Zz Pa Inventor of certain new and useful im-
mi bbe! smeata cme. ama eee eS if provements in Kinetographic cameras, not
Imown or used by others tn this or any
forelgn country. Letters patent, dated
‘August 21, 1897, and numbered 559,168, wore
#ranted to him, he says, whereby he
was given the exclusive right to uso and
vend hig Invention throughout the United
Stntes and Sts territories for a perlod of
seventeen years,
Ho ateges that for the purpose of de-
oriving him of his right to the enjoy-
ment of the patent, Mr. Moore has
vreated and maintained o regular place
Green Bay: Wis. Garett. P of business In Washington, and Is making
. Pam . and gelling apparatus embodying his In-
AYU pe Te \Go ‘ vention, all of which, hoe alleges, consti. :
ec eweewes sharaee Ue satire T | { tutes an infringement on his letters :
es patent. He seeks to obtain an account-
verment at Allouez, jing, in order that he may recover daim-
lages sustained through the alleged in-
| tringe! it.
ee emer
The’ Finest ‘Ever Witnessed. «- :
The Thomas A. Edison moving ble
cures exiibiemeteehewOity, Hall Jast
night wag most excellent, From every
side one could liear the remar'! “it |
was better -Uhan’ we expect’
over.two hours one picture after” ‘an-
other “was thrown” upon the “canvas
In. thelr. natural colors, every .nunl-
ber receiving hearty “applause, * fre
quently mighty cheers from the whole
er es Fre ee
audferice,, 0 te
‘Aslitabula Beacon Record, Ashta-
pula, 0. oo. >
Sec (apd
The .niost’ magnificent display of
moving. yigtires ever seen here were
shown in Rosedale Opera House last;
night to :. very large and enthustastic:
audience... * * ty ah SL .
_ Public Opinion, Chamberaburg. |
é ‘ At the’Green Bay theater for three ;
i nights, commencing Monday, ms 5
2, Fw. : ae
i
Soo eee
sara Ann't mann 18 orn ome ate Oe
a ee eee ee ay estate Ne a WE
ae ene ee
ere dS
“4 cea eles ete a ileal to
i
i
H
4
Pultlo, MY, Enqulror
pre AUG ‘ge. fQae 1907
—
“THOMAS A. EDSON
HERE, AND IVES AN
(CELL
INTERVIEW ,
¢
Celebrated Wizard Game to Town Last Evening—
Talks of Telegraphers’ Strike, Falls Power,
' Aerial Navigation and Electri¢ Light—
Perfecting a Storage Battery.
—_
IOMAS A. ISDIAON, renowned as
ond“at*theswerld'a: sreateat in-
! ventors, the man who mado it
Possible for cities to he lighted by elec-
tricity, the man who produced ‘tho
voice !n tho phonograph and tho ma
who created a great many .othor In-
ventinn#, all of which have paused the
sclentific world to recognize him as one
of tho greatest genluses of tho present
time, arrived in Buffalo Inst evening
find rogiatared at, the Iroquois Floto)
Ho Is on his way to Akron, 0. where
he will meet Mra, Edison, They will
roturn to New York by utomobile,
makliy: tho trip mostly through tho
Rie atid nountatas. :
Asko when lia arrived in tho ‘elty,
Mr, Ediaon said:
“I rot in inst evening, I don't rido
on Putlmans at wight, I'm not Jn auch
> hurry as some people might think.”
. “You're not hero to narness Ningara
Falta?" Mr. Edisgn wes aalted.
"You've got It pretty woll harnessed
now, havon't’ you?" was his return
query, :
“What do you think of the much dis-
cussed question of putting a stop to
tho taking of wator for powar purposes
at Niagara?”
“Tsay It's nil right to uso the water
so long ne tho scente beauty of the
Falls ts not destroyed. As Jong as tho
public ‘can't tell the difference, nobody
Will be harmed and commorciniism wilt
he greatly benefited, Lot tho wator
be taken to that point where tho rocks
can't be aeen through tho entaract, and
the scenic benuty wll bo ratnined,’””
“Do you think aerial navigation for
commercial purpoxes Is coming?”
“Oh, yes, it Is sure to come, but it
will not be parfected by. tho uno of
Dalloons, Something js incking at
present, but tomorrow morning ‘somo
man inay discover that miseing tink,
Tho right principlo has not yet been
found, ‘Thore‘ Is not auficiont powor
ut hand to proporly propel tho alrahtps,
I believe a@ commercial motor ‘skipping
, along just’ above the trees will provo
dost for commerctal -uacs. Somobady
WH aotve the prablom, but it will not
bo me, for I keop my mind juat a fow
fect below the mountain tops.”-
» Mr, Edison satd he consldored his
-clectric motor ono of tha greatest In-
ventions from a commercial stand-
polnt. He han succoeded tn manufact-
uring 2 storage battery that furnishos
forty-flve pounds horse-powor an hour,
_ tnd sald he would before long solve the
Prohiom of a battery that would be
iractically porpetual,
“From a commercial atandpoint, the
electric storage battery has solved tho
question of carrying frolght cheaply
ond In quicker time,” he sald. “With
ne electric battery freight can bo car-
vied 40 por cent. cheaper than with
horses, Just figure It out. With an
» ¢leetrie truck Ina congested streot you
volvtve hal¢-tho tength, twiea: the apecd
fd carry twiee as much as the truck
. buted by horses. I now havo batter-
fes -thint will stand test for flve yenrs,
+ At firat, howover, my battertes would
Inst but one year, Then I stopped make
«Ing ‘then and tried to locate the do-
fect. When I discovered It, I bogan
tho manufacture of them again.”
Mr, Edison sald ho considered tho
electric ght his grentest invention,
beenuse harder work was Involved.
“When olectric Ught was perfected
ft was done after years of strenuous
effort.”. ho anid, “In those days wo
had to mako. discoveries whero now
the inventor handling electricity has
had the way paved to him.
—_——___..
WIZARD IS HERE,
PICLURE SHOWS THOMAS A, EDI-«
60n whois In Buffalo today,
ee
Ot oe
SS ee
In dlacussing tho present tetegraph-
era’ atriko Mr. Edison sald he feared
tho mon would loso thelr flaht becauso
they had gone about ft wrong,
» The boya did not strike right,” ho
stanld.’” “Thoy haven't minded thelr au-
* perlor officers and there appeara no
hend to the situation.” .
Asked if he was working on any big
inventions, Mr, Edison said ho had
quit working with «a view of making
money, but that for the’ past soyeral
months ho had been: trying to” find
something new to occupy ita timo just
for the plenauro of the work,
“I'm gotting ta’ be an old man,” ho
remarked, smiling. “You seo I'm 60
years old and that's pretty well atong.
Just now Iam going back over note I
‘took down many yeara ago and I find
‘many things that prove very Intorest-
ing. From those notes I have started
to run down half a dozen things.”
Somobody sald not long ago that Mr.
Edison was % hard man to Interview
and that ho was gruff In. his talk, The
threo Ruffalo newspapermon found tho
great inventor one of the most do-
Nehtful men to talk with they had over
“met. He-wasg.ever ready to answer any
queatton and . advanced many points
that would have been ovorlonked, He ts
“lampered- somowhat by deafness and
while listening to anothor person talk-
- Ing, Invarinbly ralses his hand to his
ear, He left Buffalo at 1:20 o'clocle
this aftarnoon,
er
nAewoNAna
sae
&
o
ist
}
4
_al
4 es
[PHOTOCOPY]
ae WY. Worms,
GEP Og 1965
LAY IN. WAIT FOR MRS. EDISON ~
Sheriff Sprang from Roneside to
Serve Papees on Inventor's Wife,
een Special to The World.)
AL Ri nOe Sept, 4—Mrs, Thomas A,
son Wis cone tote by i. But ou
y Sherif and servo,
(immense ta the Inst o¢ 400 Garondants;
‘The process servers have been camp ne ;
on the trail of the wife of the Wiza :
: week,
partcaeer Mirae Bilson: were board
utomoblle tot
poe on Grange, N, J.sSovertand, Dep
y Corry spring from behing= at i
V served thé notice that Mrs. Edis
yuty
| ‘haa been sued under the Btoelsholders
| Llnbittty lnw_ to protect the creditors
'ot Aultma’, Miller & Co., which
| for $1,500,000, Bd
plea
ELOPER SHOT IN HIS CELL
] PRARKLIN A gene om
Washington, ne
SEF 7 wi
i
se 23s
UIE UE erg teense wees e's.
3
{driving an automobile or~
_ Never apply the brakes stiddeniy,” ‘There
js always grave danger. of stiipping the
tires from the wheels or of stratning the
moto: Lie ae
W, L," Ediso
ventor, Thomas
ventor of a
bile business,’
son of ‘the fanious tn-
19 8N atitometiny .
accident tp Germany, nineteen-yeur-old
Emil Jerothe Sloan, « New York college
sophomore, wag . acntenced§ to, three
months In fall, arth P
wit de-| D. F. Levy, the New Yori broker, who |i
Easter: next year,’ @ season wher.
ar
Edison, himsel¢ an in. 3
d ‘the automo-
Pah Y. THU Ne
6... joy,
a tia! ic
SERVED PAPERS ON XmRs, EDISON,
Yhio Deputy Sheriff After Much Ado Reads
Documents in Buckeye Caze,
(By Telegraph to The Tridvune.]
Akron, Ohio, Bept. 4—-A deputy sheriff who has
heen camping on the lawn of the Lowls Miller
some here since Mr, and PRE XIE
irrived a week ago, succeeded ‘to-day In“serving
+ summons on Mrs, Edison. Deputy Sherift James
Corry, hearing of the Eidisons’ arrival, went to
the houge a week ago but was not admitted, Ho
wished to serve .papera “in the sutt to determing
the stockholders’ “lability 1 tho failure of the
Buckeye company in which Mrs. Edison ts said
to hold’ $0,000 shares, : a
The deputy telephoned for help, and’ two other
deputies Joined him. He stayed in a tent on tho
lawn, and the others sunrded the gates, As the
Edlsons were boarding thetr automoodile for tho
trip East to-da7 Corry stepped from behind somo f°
bushes near the porte-cochére and began reading
the papers. Mra Edison Was vexed for a moment,
but soon regained her Bood nature and laughed |'
Aeartll tho- episode, . —~
From
MZ, Eve, Wong,
! ake © 19,
easaqacecaqncqnecenceacs
Porettor tetera
LAY IN WAIT FOR MRS. EDIson
ern FORM
: ful Deputy Sheri
4 Pury eri and servo,
Dapmons ax the Inst of 409 defendant .
c/opsale teil SF te eee been ae
of Elset tettss for a Waele He Wieard:
6 Mr and Mrs, Edlson we:
i
wer, « tj recently took fourafelends “with him ies |
age than | Chicago ,and back In itv *tanadenret Tire 1, Dep.
wWoas It] expense at $93.79, or five mills per mile .Balsos
tot have Per passenger, _ alee
(ce, The! go sucessful was the recent . Atlantic failed
thin cot City carnival and show that aren, .
- Before | 2%e “under way for a similar“ ¢ wet
lpr
————-}-- a eee a NS oat
My: ‘thoughts, Mrhad t any, wero ’In-
Vtorrupted “DP a loud HSlwe Tike" ‘that of
stampeding horses, and: tha next mor
ment the exceedingly‘actlve figura of
(Theodore Edison, age 8, dashod wildly
past the library door into the ‘dining
“Tyas: being” ee vey’
“thomas A, Edison: oath 1 CADE
Liewellyn Park’ ~
chad}:
had a vague notion that a milk wagon
‘was not the most digaified conveyance
in the world in which to approach: tho
greatest of Inventors In search of tho
ever elusive interview, The © milk
‘wagon was not'a matter of choice—it
, Was a necessity, There was no other
ivehicle at.tho little ‘station: at: West
Q@rango; the day was,hot, the roads
dusty; tho writer ‘round of: sirth—so
jthero you are,
. A-broad driveway led up -acaslight
knoll to a large, compact, modern
jeountry: resldence, half. prick. and chalt,
“to move, so sat’ thero awaiting. further
, developments with an eye on the open
window.
»A voice from, somewhere above
sate and sane jn {ts tonc—announced:
that a visitor was awaiting the. head |,
of the family in tho lbrary.
~ There was a firm tread in my direct
ion; the door banged open, ‘and’
Thomas A, Edison was greeting ‘tha;
visitor tn 2 hand-clasp that «would: do:
credit‘to.a Préstdentin! candidate, ; He:
waar. sizing mo-up and I remembered)
ithe book on physlognomy.. fr;
“How-de-doo,” said the wlascat with,
a smile, winning In Its broadnesi
voice was pleasant and teep, an
tenIng to it, I had ume to tako i
' god, white of hair, stendy of, oy
‘ot mouth, stalwart of frame and
ing* almost 6 feet, he looked¥
iy.
‘years younger than ‘the 60, yours. had:
;elaims, There was: a boyish ‘lig
*his' gray oyes and he seemed bii
with boyish good nature.
i fo” you overs play ‘gamer
quefiod, expecting one of his yo
‘spirits to talk earnestly... Of: bal
and other sports, sa ea
“Tabor sane
pn ied the eres
sebiinkle
“dommarided tho’
driver to stop, that I might alight.
tts. ie abt RATS
‘no" 3 pleasantly: and Virginin: cree
masked the sharp corners of the ea
ing. -There were windows every here.
looking in ‘every “direction, as. tf ‘te
architect was uncertain as to -the,/dl-
rections: in which the sun ‘would. ‘Tigo |
and set. Just to throw in a few. ‘moro
windows ‘there Is a conservatory: dt-the
loft wing. The sun has a hard] time
getting away from the Edison hojne. ,
At tho. push -of a -button’; 2a smiling
man ‘servant ushered me: into :the"ll-
brary to’ amuse myself as best.1 Gould,
A book on physiognomy held:a-prom-
Inent: place on a table. It was;:well
thumbed; evidently. Mr.. Edisoni:goes
by ‘Bret Unpreselons. ais aA ye ee
‘ q
ae
Ward’ une ‘door a*ahdwer toca7eali
hyes, he. does, ein sarpaitrian
fidentially,” wh came -to ; take:
her's place. “He plays ‘Parch
+ “Any thing ‘lse?”".1 asked, in
same confidential whisper, t
““Naw,”"
tennls net If fathor over playe
he.added in a disgusted tone:
can't rin,
him run ‘was after a tratn,
Dad: was funny,
a step and bumped his head. ~-. is
He regarded me with a haughty
tbut the spell passed and he took
ia friend again. +
“But dad canght the’ trz
cadded., :
This was hardly nows, ‘as
son. generally
‘starts out for. *
--Theodore now
influence his own.
ot: ae
Vth Pel grr
said Theodore, “I'd havo:
hit he
The only time I ever.say
Oh, my!
Ho looked Ike* ‘thia.! '
Whereupon Theodore gave n “perfect
, imitation of a Inme crane, tripped|ovet
1 asked him if his fnthor did that
catches “anything: “hi
Inforiied zmie! ‘how
-well ‘he could run an automobile.!- He
| proferred gasoline ‘to clectric;: he tgatd
i—which shows that the. younger, son
does: not permit’ his father’ 's opinion to)
““We have elght reer ho. ani
room, demanding :to know, in a voice
of ‘unmistakablo “authority, if’ lund
wap ready. Tlien-all was:silence. ‘The-'
0° doubt, had ‘heen, assure :
~Feading up ih ibyslognom
now. ‘and trying io recall my -impre
ey
chug-chug of-an auto sounded, [ braced.”
up. Tsconld gece tt was the grert- ins
yentor,
The hall door dashed open; ‘ho |
stamped nolsily and slammed Histhat<
down on a stand, at the same- tine
emitting a loud “who-e-e.” “T ‘Sumiped
a foot and: began to wipe beads of:cold
perspiration from, my high brows? -
To'my further amazement, from ‘all
parts-of the house, ike an echo in
some :great cavern, canio answering
“who-e.o's” in different keys. ‘I began
.to have-the impression that I lad on-
2 fered tho: wrong Dlace.
Iwas afrald,
several minutes:he was back, running
an clectric runabout’ at-breakneck pace,
in my direction. Having showed mo ~-
NS skit to his own intense satisfac:
tion, the boy chauffeur of Llewellyn
“Park whizzed {t back. Now he pol t.
ed out to me two miniature cannon he
Nad placed on ench side of the main;
door to guard the entrance. A caretul
father had withdrawn the charges for
his own safoty and Theodore, had been.
shamefully deccived into the bellef!
that thoy were still loaded. , ot
“ Now I was introduced to Charies, a
‘reticent youth of, 19, and Madeline,
; who has. reached the delicatessen age
| ct 16,and bears a striking resemblanco
to her gractous mother. One céuld see
fat a glance that Mrs, Edison was the
playmate and confidante of her chil:
dren ‘and that the hand with which she,
governed them was 2 gentle hand that’
made ruling easy. -
Mri. Edison was in his study, work-
ling’ even during his lunch time. ~ For
45 years ho has worked unceasingly,
every day and a large part of every
night, but his force of brain and sinew
have: been expended with no unneces:
‘sary waste of tissue, and standing: on
the.threshold of old age, his vitality Js
‘a thing. to cause’ wonder in younger
'men:}: His working. hours: closely,’ ap
roach .18 per day, year in and year
ut; ihe. takes very lit d ralesiat
P jeans frida ‘that; Ave ae ner,
Taaiens tiie Saniysre
aed
‘poratory, whero he remaina until seven
din the evening, haying taken’ but-a
jfow minutes for a slmplo lunch. Aftor
dinner ho retires to the Hbrary, where
fhe, works until midnight. Edison’s
grentost pleasure is keeping busy, and
he'certainly onjoys himself, if we are
to.judgo by the number of hts working
hours, ‘And thia fs the man who began
his career as a train nowsboy and has,
written his Hfe and achlevementa’ in
tho history of the century.
He has announced his retirement
- from active commercial inventing and
{s golng to dovote tho remainder of his
‘life to. the solution of such problems)
vas he has In mind for years.
“On my OOth birthday,” ho sald, "I:
made up my mind that I had enotigh!
of business and that I would give up
trying to make money and devote ms-
solf entirely to doing what I havo al-
ways wanted to do but never before
‘have had timo to take up, It fs alt
‘science, pure sclence, no ‘commercial:
ism with mo henceforth, and I am
‘working harder than ever in this ene H
and chosen field.
“As an Inventor I was always en-}
gaged In the application of sclence to
Indpstry. Bvery investigation and ox.}
‘perlment hed a commercial end: in;
view, It did not deal primarily with:
fundamental, sclentific laws, but with
‘concrete things that had a definite
;commercial value in the market today,
Now I am-in an entirety different line
of endeavor ani I care Nttlo whether
it. brings’ money ‘or, not, 80 long. ag ‘It;
wadds ta: tha sum!iotal’ af. umAR knowl-;
vedge cand: n
maniind.”
‘Perhaps all of the: siabienin whitch’
Mr,’ Falson will attempt to solve ts tho,
fiepletion of the coal territory. Ho re
garda: this as one, of the most sérlous:
conditions which we will hava to‘fave’
‘in, thoy future.) Ag showns'by ‘offictat.
statistics, wo’ use - 600,000, 000 tons of
coal annually; at this ‘rate, and increas:
ing in the same proportion as. it: has’
during the greater part of a. century,
our coal supply wilt bo exhausted with-'
in 100 years, and unless science finds
a substitute: for coal, our descendants
aut be In a sorry piight.for heat and
| "White T had ‘been talking to. tho,
lgreat Inventor, Theodore had disap-
peared and now dashed up in a run:
about.
“ “Come on in—the running’ 8 fine,” ho
called as ho slowed up,
“A ride of.a half mile brought us to
‘thegreat factories stretching out over
acres ‘of grounds, all: full ‘of. the; din’
and whilr of activity. Then wo entered:
‘the huge, sombre. laboratory. -I- walled:
‘along ‘vast’ glaomy: corridors and up,
‘Mght -atter: (Might of stairs, catclilng
‘glimpees “as ‘I pnssed . of rooms ‘filled
with every concelvable apparatus ‘and
thronging with: men engaged at. thelr
many. tasks. * :
“The rounds :had beon mai
as J. stood in: the -plain»
Mr.. Edison, Theodore,..w:
‘watching the clock, spoke
“Let's go to the station, now,
‘gald. “Your, train Jadu
; And: a course: F bw
——
{
i
|
i
<0 atmo een ateceer aren
'
~TVASANITARIC
“Examined by Cornwail Phy:
_ eedaty, testified before Judge-A. H. FP,
2 fexer that Mr, Bennington was irra-
_ in New York he had less than $20 for
“combination was dazzling In its pe:
, had-re;
EX-TURE PLUNGER!
Ww. N+ Bennington Commit.
"ted on Wife's Petition
wae, id
SEPT. 20,1707
‘BY CO. JUDGE SEEGER
— ee
RES PETA OP Me tte Ete te ee
sicians—Foreclosure of His
Orr’s Mills Farm |
the Realization Stakes for him in the many racetrack followers waited until
early summer, Mr. Bennington admit: } his money was in the ring *'* then
ted that be had-lost a good deal of | followed him Diindly, In. . their
money, but said he owed none and} wagers as he had. :
ore wie OELULG UU, ALLANTA, GA,
+. W. Newton Bennington, one of the
celebrities of the turt, known in Wall
Street and in the rea! eatnte world, ig
now an inmte of Dr, Cumbes' sani-
starlum at Corona, near Flushing, in
the borough of Queens, Mr, Benning:
ton’ was committed to the institution
on Aug. 28, All information as to his
mental or physical condition was te
fused ‘at the sanitarium yesterday
when'a reporter made inquiries, Mr,
‘Bennington’s commitment {s on record
in’ the office of the’ State Lunacy Com-
misston at Albany. .
The examining physicians, Drs. Win-
ter’and Baird of Cornwall, Orange
He added: : residence in Bensonhurst, and in tha
“My quitting the racing game was development of that section he, took
not altogethér because I could not |'a conspicuous part. He was also In-
keep my end up. My summing up of} terested {n the development of other
the racing situation is that it’s a great | residence sections, apparently with
sport but a poor business, Anybody profit. Indeed ft fs rather a
who lacks the inoney to stay in it as| how he cauld have lost the great
& sport had better keep out. sunts of money that he is credited with
“It Is becoming the home of crooks, having accumulated out of his three
The tracks are getting to be too much | Hnes of ‘enterprise—Wall street, the
Uke crooked gambling houses.” turf and realty
His Farm Foreclosed. Fraud Order Against Company.
Mr. Bonnington had bought a farm! Ahont two years ago the Post-Office
at Orr's Mills, near Cornwall, with a! Department put out a “fraud ordes'
handsome mansion and facilities fori -ilat (ae a ein: Jr.,
raising horses. dogs and other fancy-|.Chomical Company;"oPNew York, in
bred pets. ‘This was largely for the} Which Bennington was a director,
pleasure of Mrs. Bennington, ‘who|Thomas A. Edison, “The Wizard,"
had a fancy for dogs. They gave up! brought the Proceedings which put
the place and it was sold under fore-|.thts company under the ban. “The
closure, Mrs. Bennington explaining | Edison, jr, concern had for sale a
Bregating $9,400,. had been entdred that this was done because her hus. |-“Magnoelectrie vitallzer,” which was
against the once ‘rich turfman and|band did not find it ensy to make the |alleged to have wonderful curative |
apeculator. Two years ago Benning- trip from his New York offices to the} Properties, ; oe
ton's check for a quarter of a million farm, : \, Mr. Bennington’s present condition
would have been honored almost any-| At the time of the foreclosure Mr. its sald to be such that’ while he I ra
Where, for although when he arrived {and Mrs. Bonnington were stopping at |tlonal at times his thoughts are dis
the Palatine, this elty. oes. _feoanected and he is unable to concen
Mr. Bennington lately underwent two|trate his mind on any given subjec’
Sérious surgical operations, and his itl-|for any length of time,
‘health was aggravated by a complica |; [ee a ee
. /WA The proceedings were brought
On ‘the petition of the patient's wife,
herself a noted breeder of dogs,. *
‘ It 1s lesa than a month since some
Surprise was occasioned by the an-
noyncement that two judgments, ag
all his capital, hé found means to gain
sudden riches, Although he did not
appear in brokerage and banking bus,
‘{neas he became the silent backér of | tion of ailments. He has been seen |}
several immensely profitable con- but little of late ‘among turf men and
cerns, in the Wall street district. In his best
Quit Racing a Year Ago. days he was'a atriling figure, tall,
He retired trom racing about a year) lank, dreased Ilke a “‘probperous coun- |:
ago after a long career that was be-{try jawspr, with a conspicuous wide-':
Neved by many turfmdn to have been brimmed slouch het. He had such a
highly profitable. ‘He had formed a reputation as o money bettor that
partnership with Fred Burlew. in one ‘
period of four years this partnership |
showed profits of almost $500,000 in
stake winnings. Mr, Bennington had
at one time an arrangement under
which he racéd the pick of the young *
horses from J. B, Haggins’ stock
farm. - He also’bought the great mare,
Beldame :from August: Belmont. He)
controlled the’ ..services. of Frank’
O'Neill, who was for Seasons one of
the moat ‘fortunate of jockeys. ‘ This
cunfary resulta. _ Bennington won a{
fortune in purses with the great colt
De Mund before he sold him for $40,
000 to Paul-J. Rainey.; a eae
As ‘lately as lost July Mr; Benning
ton talked freely ‘about rumors that
resented Him: ga being “down,
and out” with all hjs money gone. Ha
had sold practically.ail hig horse, Al-
though Panmonok, hia’ colt, had won;
that he was financially responatble. Mr. Bennington had‘ a” handsome ‘
i
i
!
Begri: aLACOR,
trom Idee Pete”
: ‘errand, Pa, — Wkly-Aea
ULT 23 1388 ja d7
VevUNELY Bree 5 Fee) é
cule Woes meat” Jeu, Sod Se.
RESCH Ny Lowania, Pa,
—
ws4..OCT, 23, 1907,
se ee 7 . i
wit arene Marco on th
8 ane. “He sayg' j
pte Will be able to send a bee
baa onde 2 minute over hia wireless
fe ota thot | Somebody to
Ousand word:
ute, Fy ed taiek’
tte, Edison ts an experlenced ie
r and knows
Some one hag ars “H
Plants a tree doeg well; ‘he who fe
It and saws it int
‘0
he who makes Q benan es fe os Wel
reste ad who, siting mene the f
than the regi (cl) docs better};
Aditaa tee e8t" But might w o-+
" Nawark, Ndi= Mawes |
eT BB iso7
. .
. le mane onsen
unuugit yunn's, Wickott, of this city, in
which st admits the allegations of in-
solvency set up by Robert R, Haydocit,
who applied for tha recelvers, ote Py
patti mes
EDISON UELPS TELEGRAPHERS,
+ ends 8150) to
Famous --Inventor
Strikers In New Yort. ;
NEW. YORK, Oct. 25. RUDI ede
son, who Js still a member of the Peleg’,
nton, hag sent $150 to the stril-
ers. . Mr, Edison's name was cheered.
A committee from the Milwaukea con-
vention of telegraphers will arrive in
; New York this morning and will make
an effort to acttle tne strike. They will
| frst call on Vice-President Nally, of the
‘Postal, and then on Superintendent
{ Brooks, of the Western Union,
Ge. — Mews
en Bonet PIE
_—— ee
ME Egigons propheey that Sig. Mar-
foni’a apparatns will ultimately: * ho
able to send a thousand words a min:
ute is quite sanguine, but strictly un.
Ash and ‘finpéraonal. Tt,
Arewwerint+ctecinmne, A
[PHOTOCOPY]
4] Honat* pubtications,
MONE 9008 0N08 & 6008 HONE BOL ONON DENA were
eee oe” UU LEMS” Ld “UG IUITT te
ahjiou he admitting
j that there was chanco qr huprovement,
j| POSSIBILITIES OF ‘WIRELESS,’ |
Nikola Testa Says Dist ance Forms No
Obstacle to Transmission of Energy.
To the Editor of The New York Times;
An your issué“of the 10th Inst., Edison ;
; Makes statements which cannot fatl to
Serente erroneous impressfony, oe
{ There fa is a vast sitfarence between
stl * =
ue
Lorlovitien ‘2 : .
jteable to but a fow miles, and the great
+art of wireless transmission of energy
! which enables an expert to transmit, to
any distance, hot only algnaly, but power
(in unllmited amounts, and of which the
[oxperfments across the Atlantic aro al.
;erude applileatfon, .The planta’ are quite
jinefticlent; unsultadle for finer work, anc
:fatally doomed to an effect Jess than 1
' per cent, of that I attained in my tests In
, 1809, ‘
} EQMOW" thinks that Str Hiram Maxini |
:{s blowing hot alr. The fact fa my Long f
{Island plant will transmit atmost its on-|:
{tire onergy to the: antipodes, if desircd.
; As to Martin’s communication I can only
isay, that I shalt be nble to attain a‘were |’
i netivity of 800,000,000 horse power and a
Simple calculation wilt show, that the in-
phabltants of that planet, {f there be any,
tnecd not have a Lord Ralefgh to detect
‘the disturbance, i
| Referring to your editorial comment of
joven date tho question of wireless inter-
ference {9 puzzling only because of Ita
novelty, The underlying principle ts old,
and It hag presented Itself tor considera-
Uon In numerous forms, Just how it
appears in the novel aspects of acrint}'
navigation and wireless trangmisston. }
hinvery human effort must of necessity,
create a disturbance. What difference is
there In essence, between the commotion
produced by any: révolutfonary {dea or
improvement and that of a wireless trans-
mitter? The spectre ‘of Interference hag
been conjured by Hertzwave—or radio~
tulegraphy In which attunoment ts' abso-
_{lutely tmposslble, simply because the éf-
-]fect diminishes rapidly with distance.
But In my system of energy transmission,
based on the uso of impulses not sensibly
alminishing with dfstance, perfect attune- q
ment and the higher artifice of {ndividu-{\
alization are practicable. Ag over, tho|!
shest will vanish with the wireless dawn, |'
NIXOLA TESLA. |'
Now York, Oct. 21, 1907, t
Calandar and Salar Adinetwant—
treet
Brom i) You Ti iaes
OCT 26 ivi/
‘W804 anne 90087 eNO anne aNNECNE ee
Bian 2. |
EDISON HELPS TELEGRAPHERS
Senda $180 for Strike Fund—Moré Set-
tlement Talk.
Tho striking telegraphers held a most-
{ng at Clinton Hall yesterday, at which It
was announced that Thomas’ A. Edison,
who ta stills mombor {fi good standing of
Local No,‘4¢;"had sent a check for $160 to
the strike ‘find’ throigh A. BR, Bradshay, |
‘whom he had known when they wera tel-
euraphora together, years ‘ago, . The an-
nouncament was recofved with chears,
President Joseph F, Ahearn gonounced
that Danie) L. Russell, Chairman of the
Board of Strategy, is now in Chicago,
_ Stricken with pneumonia, Russell was the
{moat popular and forceful of the strike
readers, with the exception, perhaps,
ercy Thomas, Russell had been eepecte
ed to arrive here to-day, when the com-
mitteo appointed to try and settle the
strike will come from “Milwaukee, The
committee will try to see the Postal Com-
uany’s officials first, in the beltef that the
‘ostal might bo willing to settle. i
a\t tho meeting of the Central Fedorated
Union yesterday about a dozen or more
unions reported, through their delegates,
that thelr organizations had contributed
sums ranging from $10 to $45 each to the
atrikg fund. The Sifarmakers’ Union wilt
sive $40 a week. All the money collected
will be turned tnto the strike fund to-day,
It was announced by the Western Union
yosterday that eleyen more strikers had
applied for reinstatement jn this city on
Saturday night, Those of them who are
not objectionable to the company will be
put to work to-day.
om
Special to The New York Times,
CHICAGO. Oct. S7.~Tho Western Union
and Postal Telegraph Companies have re-
opened their branch offices in Chicago.
Eee of the strikers have retumed to
01
A
i
|
- First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885, .
¢
From the
isonet Pris
b vestBrpuy
. > NEWYORK CTY -
tae |\
Meurer’
+ Sepetoane HI, - Wi.Bulst
- OCT 224, GOT
|400 4 100
OORT OT
“Received by Mr. and Mrs, Edison-
‘Party Shown’ Th
. ra yor:
Plant Erifiay A: 4
>" * Bpeciutrain’ Usea. ae
* That ThopRioedeaTOis a the famou
“Wizard Of Llewellyn, Is one of th
most genial of hosts was demon
strated Friday afternoon when mo.
than 200 sclentists visited the labora
torles in West Orange. . All of thy
guests were of course Impressed wit!
the cnormous plant and marvelous In
ventions and discoveries to, be seen a
the laboratories and phonograph works
The. delegation was composed of th:
sclentists: who are attending the an-
nual ‘convention’ sof: the America:
Electrochemical Soclety, which Is be-
ing held In ‘New York. Many of the
delegates were accompanied hy thelr
wives, .and . the whole party proved
to be & very pleasant, one:-
Elaborate arrangements had peen
made for the reception of the visitors,
and when ‘the special train arrived
from, New York shortly after 38
o'clock there was o long Hne of auto-
mobiles and carrlages waiting at the
Orange station to convey the party to
the Edison plant. Fifty automobiles
were used.to convey the guéats: and
when the big machines Iined up at the
station platform
thatthe auto
honored | hac’
guests to West, Orange.
Heading the delegation of visitors
were \C. F, Burgess, “of the University
of Wisconsin, “awho fs president of the
American Electrochemical Soclety, ane
‘| Witlam J. Bammer,’ tamoiis- for in.
trpducing electric lighting into’ mos:
of the. largest cities in the’ world. Iver
i] the’ fifty- automobiles togetli¢r “with at
[the haeks in Orange-wereé not: sufficl
vent to carry ‘all: the’ visitors, “and
{many of the delegates had “to reach
West Orange by trolley cara.- :
When the party arrived at the plant
Mr. and Mrs.3dison received thelr
‘guests in th brary, Mr.. Hammer
Presented all the delegates, but not be-
fore he himself had recelved a hearty
&reeting from Mr, Edison.’ ‘This grect-
ing was the renewal of an‘ old friend-
ship, for several years ago Mr, Ham-
mer wag one‘pt the “boys who helped
to spread thg fame of the great "sage,"
when electric Ughting was beginning
to be recognized as an important de-
vélopinent. Mr Hammer’ worked with
Mr. Edison, and later toured Europe
In tho interests of the “wizard's" pat-
entk. Through the efforts of Mr. Ham-
mer electric Ighting was introduced
in Paris, ta Aa
FotlowIng the brief reception all the
delegates Inspected the laboratories
dnd other pares of the big plant. Mra.
Apdison personally escorted many of the
ladles, and the grent inventor took
especial delight In ‘exhibiting his well,
equpped. chemical ‘laboratory. Not a
Nttle Interest was‘also taken In the ex-
tenslve store room where may be found.
everything for the chemist from an or-
dinary test tube to an Intriente Dlece
of machinery far electrochemical ex-,
derlrrental work, .
After the -Inepection of -the laborn-
tories, the guests were taken to the
s*honograph works, and there many of
‘hem saw for the first time the making
x these wonderful instruments for re-
aroducing sound, So Impressed were
he visitors with all the remarkaMe
tclentific inventions whjch they saw.
het many of them ‘took sma'l pleces
‘f fron and wood ngs souvenirs,
The delecatlon was the greatest num-
er of electro chemists that ever vistted |
trange, and Included: many: .of the
ost prominent representatives of thie
ranch o” science. One of the most
+ Yoteworthy: guests was Hudson. Max-,
m, who Is undohtedly the hest-author-.
ty on smoketess gun powder . tn
America. Mr. Edison -had a: tiost cor.
Mat Brpeting for ‘this distinguished
yuest, et
Besides President Burgess -the -other
-WMeers of the Electrnchemica! Society
vho were present yesterday afternoon
xere as follows: Past President, Cart
Hering, ‘of Philadelphin:. vice prest-
lents, C. B. Acker, of. New Tork, and
4. H, Cowles, of. Cleveland: dtrectora |
iw, R. Whitney, of Schenectafy; S.A, :
Pucker, of Columbia University; FP, o
J. Fitzgerald, E, G, Acheson, and F, J. :
Tone, of Nineara Falls; Dr. E. F. Roe- |
der, and H, N. Potter, of New York,
The folowing New’ York’ representa-
ves of the Soclety were also In the
the party: ‘L, Addicks, L. Baekeland,
2. Raskerville, WW. Bowman, C. S.
Bradley, A. A, Breneman, W. H.
Srowne, Jr, C. F, Chandler, H. B.
Zoho, BE, A. Colby, FP. B. Crocker, C.
A. Doremus, W. Dreyrus, G. Drobegg,
W. 8. Howell, W. R. Ingalls, W. Me-
Murtrle, C. O, Malltoux, J. T. Mtore-
yend, W. H. Nichols, ‘H, Philipp. H. N,
s, Potter, A. J. Rossi, G. P, Scholl, c, 1
fon Tsakovics, W, D, Weaver, E. Wes-
‘on, F, G. Wlechmann,
After a formal thanks had been ex-
ended Mr, Edtson the visitors left Or-
inge for New York on a special train.
3peyers. M. Toch, R. von Poregger, |
|
[PHOTOCOPY]
heen 8
First,i stand Largest.
INCO’2PORATED 1885,
Nowsensnsnooeeser
a
Bor. seaeecceeressneseseesenenesestvenensasnnnos
i From the
‘aes
Nev ORK CTY
Berar
Brom : :
York City,Pa.-Dispatch
OLT 21 1907
e oe Sci 3S
A. HOUSE-MAKING, INVENTON :
1. Thegas edison" struck joy to the
hearts rets-Of. citizens -In
«America avhen he, declared in’ fie pres-
ence of a‘ delegation of chemists that
he could bulld fine three story house,:
..threq’ families, in a day
Builtablo ‘for thre
and at a cost*of not “more thin ono
ig -nient Js to be poured hag the ring of
truth. 3 idison would not ba.doubt-
ed anytiow.. ‘The house will be bulit
“next” spring,” The bedt’of it $s its
cheapness and. its durabilitys It, will
‘be almost Indestructahle... Children
H
|
|
"WHI not be able to chop it down: with
an axe. Its. floors and its bath tub,
everything except the stoop awilt bo
of cenient, That ft will ‘be clegant as
other houses he gives assurance, ©
The man who carns & dollar and a
half a day can build a house in the
future. Not only will the Edison houso
be Indestructable, modern, even beau-
} titut, but tt Wil need Nttle or no ro-
'
patra, The invention may in time hurt
the carpenter and the bullder. It with
, Curtall the business of the fron. and
i the. brict imanufactures, Tt may hurt
1 the insuranee”’compantes but its beno-
} ats wilt be so universal ag to oycr-
f come -any opposition,
1 The moulds wilt cost Mr. Edisson
} about $30,090 but avith them he’ can
| construct 30,000 houses. They can bo
| taken npart and fotded up, in fact
1 can be Conveyed nerosy the country,
theusand dollars, Hig proposition to do|’
pHtaby-meana of moulds into avhich co-}
fm aa ero A
. T 7 pens Rae ee aay
[PHOTOCOPY]
ieee
BE MOAN etd:
BS
YY FRIEND; IE. You TAKE
FIRE. IMSURANCE, dio
PoLie OUR Cone,
EY
OURSS
[PHOTOCOPY]
CONCRETE
DWELLINGS
Molding of Houses vy the Edison
Method: ‘'”:aah Palaces Rent+
Ing for About Ten Dollars: +
~ ‘a Month.”
Me, ‘Thomas A, Mdison’s statement,
some days ago, respecting the molding
of cement houses fas led te misquota-
Honk of his remarks,
Stx ond ao half years nge, te June,
TOOT, Mer. Edison gave an exclusive
Juterylow lo, Lnauranee Bagincering In
which was. ft asted the modeling of
concrete tonser, Tn bis butest states
ment he repeats, in substance, what
he sid doa vepresentative of ‘le
Insurance Press xix and a half
years age, with the difference that the
Gest molds are saon te he reuly for
the use of contenetors, Ae the gront
inventor xntd, the contractors: “will
simply go ont and pour a beuse,”
Mr. Edison's Written Statement.
tn further reference to the liter
view a few days sige, Mr Edison sent
ont this let lost week from his
laboratory fi Orange:
“Pam in receipt of siny letters re-
xovdinge newspaper artioles, deseribing
ae coment house whieh fam about to
ereet. The writers of most af the let
ters have misread the articles: and 1
toke (his ovenston to explain gust what
1 propose to do,
“1 now have a model, one-fourth the
slay af the louse, designed hy the
New York architects,
“This winter [shall construct: the
iron molds oat devise mnehinery,
whereby a fullesized house can be enst
in twelve hours, after the molds are
in position, At the end of six days,
the iron molds are removed and the
Touse wlll obo complete, ineluding
stiles, partitions, mantels, hath, ele,
aud after drying six days will prob-
Apaney,
tae for one thane
sam dallurs, i $8 essential Gliat it he
on randy soils, as Che material
oxeavated for the collar is att that Is
vequived to build the house, except, of
the coment,
rad of tlie
naldss will be
about AK, Che vost oof the other
miveliin about Wi, deom: Chis
outtit an unlimited nmuber of heures
ean he erected,
“Ht is prohalile that computes wilt
te formed, who will have | several
tats, eneh of a diferent design, and
wilt go netively inte business,
“LT tinve not gone inte this with the
fden of unking money from it, and will
he glad to Heonse repuintle parties to
Innke noble aud ereot houses without
Any payments on seeount of patents,
the anty restriction being that the de-
sien of the houses he solisfactory to
meoonud that they shall use goat ma-
torial.”
Mr, Edison’s Talk Six Years Ago.
‘The conversation a representative of
Tue Txsunance Press lind with Mr,
ddison tis 100, pabliahed tn Jaauranice
gineering for Tune, TWHOL, ts reproe
duced below as heing tnteresting to
recent at (he moment:
Q. bs it your opinion that comont
is to he the busking material of the
A. Yoa, Uhat and alool, Phat
", coment combined with steel.
Q. WILL yon elle rome examples of
present bullding materiats whieh, ft
your opinion, will be displaced by
coment? A, My impression fa that
the time will come when every con:
tractor will have standard forma of
houses, 20 or 30 varieties ud forms
i cortrae-
“will be made of wood, one
tor using one of the standard shapes
will simply go out and “pour? a house,
There will probuhly he finndreds of
designs, ‘The vontanetors will put up
thelr conerete mixer, and hnve thelr
beams and forms dy. hey will
pour the form for (he teat story; com
plofe thats then pour the second story 3
aml soon. ‘Vo do that all they will
require will he common Jabor—na Cow
men, aud one hos, ‘Chat is what 0
Uiink will be done oventunlly, Add
stich a houge enn be made very cheap:
ty, It seems to me there will not be
much use fer carpenters then, Chere
Will he cabinet: makers, te he sure.
Why even the floors and stairs will
he made of concrete,
4. WHE Portland cement be cheap
enough for generat use? oA. Yer,
think se, When the 7 Ygetk la be
one dollar i Tnrret ar n dollars n
(on, aid people knew they enn get Tt
for that, there will he enormous quan
Lilies af it used,
Q. What do yor recommend for use
tn the nixtuve af concrete? A. Ou
mart of coment, three parts af sand,
five patie of broken stone,
Q. You think beakenw stone better
(hie broken belek? AL Yex, Ashes
tay be oased, Tut they ave not Ko
xtiong., Broken belek would dos Inst
xo long as the gravel Is well crnshed,
Wt ts all right,
Q. ave you seen any account of
the ehureh tu Brookivi, on the corner
of Lafayette aveune and St dam
Wace, Dntlt up seetion hy section pre-e
olsely ag you have described? Ay Noy
Mat that is the way ta do i. Tlonser
Dui Th that naaner can he rented
protitubly ‘for, say, seven ar eight dat.
Inrs A month, will be ax cheap
we that, And a houxe ean be put up
amd completed tna few days, ‘She!
avehitects wilt have a fine time, for
they can pour statuary and all sorts
of arnamentation white Whey are com:
Weting the wallkxy ‘This, we will lave
ami) palnees renting for about ton
dollars aomonth, Tf the contractors
have the proper mots, Chere will not
he ony diticulty ino making the most
bonutifal houses wonderfully eheap,
Q. WHE the ure of cement modify
the constraetion of high luildings?
vo, in what way? A. ALE those hatld-
figs will be of steot construction, wilt
Cortland cemer
Q. Do you enn that the oulstide
of the buildings wilt he of coment tn
Mend of brick or Lorre colta as now,
and the Joatde stroctuval steel work
inensed ti went? oA. Yes, that) is
the ten exuetty,
Q. What do you think of the article
by Frank 0, Abbott fie the April nium:
her of fiaaranece Hagineering, in whieh
he recommends applying the concrete
ain y to the cleaned steel without
the steot beta painted?” A, That is
alt right. You doen't want auythiig’
on the fron, Portland coment. is an
wkal, and iron uever rusts in the
presence of an alkali,
Q. What. in your opinion, will he
the effort of conerete consteaction an
five hazards in cities? A. Some of
the fire insurance ywople will go out
of husinoss, sa far as building risks
fre concerned, or write rixks on the
Ialanee of what will then be obsatete
longes, ‘That, af course, ts something
thot will came way along hy the fue
tare, Tt Is the element of cheapness
ty fhe houses to be constructed hy
this method that will prove very at-
trnetive to the masses of people,
Q. Mow thick do yeu think the
walls onght fo be made in the ordi-
tary workman's house? A, The hot-
fom course ought to he of Portland
coment twelve iuehes up fo the first
story, and eleht inches above the first
story.
Q. And the roofs will be ninde of
coment nlsot A. Yea, the whole
Uhing—nll poured coment construction
“Comments and Criticisms,
Te inst he rdmiticd that the ensting
of houses I coment. would: revolution:
ize the building business, but it would
hea boon. Suburban dwellings would
no Jonger be bieet to the dreaded
contlagra ‘ements, alt
rural build. fe vay
public fire dt ait veiw the
r
sain tinminity, tony Vike
Olt Orchard, Con Islnd; Rockaway
Reach, Long “tanch, and groups of
cottages Tne the sountiing, anywhere,
could be mae safe from fire ata
tuinsiin cost,
To nn exaficial of the Bureau of
Buildings, whe has expressed dis views:
on Mr. Mdlxon’s invention, It seems
fmpracttenble fo mike a cement dwell
lng an absolute unit. ‘That is, ft does
nol seem proeticable to him 7 pour
a dwelling at one operation. Tt xeoms
necessary toad least cast the (loors
amd their horizontal supporta ina
eypmrate operation,
Jun due tine, Mr Kdlson will ne
doubt explatn away any mystery about
the siecessfal operation af hits fder
for Inexpensive and subslantin£ dwell
Tug lhouses,
Ii the menndime, the netonl cane
struction of a east coment house will
be nwalled with undiminished interest,
jot Pag
"WESTBROAD WAY «
Nev yoRK «try
pont
meee ena wn a Rye ee oe
Fi irst, Best and Tareest.
jHINGORRORATED teste
at
Uttrtine.
i
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H
i
I
1
i
Feom Sew York Tim,
Ui “BA 1307
PPRin| ong. Taltrond: Company, Orange
capltal, 80,000, “(construct sad, rate & rat
Oc4 ah, 104 es)
=. ss EA 4 the, = “”
Philanthropist Spends Hours sil
te in “Edison Plan for Work.
: men's Homes. af an
SSED WITH THE IDEA
tie. vs — ra
“Takes Staff of Experts to East Orange and
_., Stes, Saitiple” House “to Cost
“ty 7TOnly $1,000,
y eee en
‘Working together, Thomas A. Edison,
wizard of East Orange, NoOTHad Hen-
Ty Phipps, a. New York milllonnaire, de-
“‘Ueve they can solve the tenement’ house
} lo this by erecting an entire
elty of concrete ‘Houses, Mr. Edison hav-
ing perfected plans recently whereby, ho
says, he can build within tyelve hours
and at o cost of from $1,000 to $1,200 a beau
tiful nino room ‘house, sultable for two
familles, ach apartment ‘ot these double
louse bo mented profttably at $7.60 4
month, according to Mr. Edlaon, thus eav-
ing to the working man ‘now paying $10 2
month for &'two room home In the ten
ments, enough money each month to caver
, hs cartane pxpénses ta #2” zrom his ‘work.
“hot Mr. “Phipps, ‘who “th 1905 “Bave $1,600,000
Saw doreregtion ‘of (Tyodel fenementa in
¢! nt yesterda:
“ih Mr, ‘Edison 1a oratory fe East Grange,
« discussing with him tha “DoksIbiNtlos of
the cement or concrete housc. Tho atee!
‘IS IMPRE
43 Iaboratory which ‘hi made of concrete
d A) onlng on Dinns tor he mould
<> In which’ the till alzed double residences
WHI be created, *The mould will be oast
; this winter- and as S0on @9. the frost js
Out of the ground next spring Mr. Edison
will bulid ono of the ‘houses near his lab-
_oratory, If St -proves . Satisfactory - Mtr,
Phipps and other Wealthy. men expect to.
take hold of the project and erect a large
ae of theso houses near New York
Satta emete
ot Gir. Phipps and hts experts: ng
‘beén here ee oon Investigating ate
cement house," wald ar, Exdison, Mfe~is
seeking, “a8 am I, tovholp t n
Works tn ’tha ditch and who
ferd to pay or $10 a’ month
* “hr, Brlpps 4
< possible to do What Fsay can be done; that
“da, to build a nino room houso, complete,
‘ within twolve hours, entirely out of cement
“and at @ cor of $1,000 to $1,200. When I
‘hava done ,this then I belleve he will do,
‘his share, oy Rother bls plang Bra to fore
ry ration dr to handlo it himse! jon
: now. “Ho fe Just gathering data,* f
“Ws office to’ a frelght elevator, and, Pulling
aM rope, ‘started: It fram ‘the Noor ‘below,
oWhenitt was stile foot below the Noor on
Whiten he gtood fhe Jumped Jn jt with the
apillty of a ’. Cee a ht oa
mts on,” ‘he safd, and ‘the reporter
was forced to mount the rapidly ascending
itt on the jump, , on Se &
“From an architectural viewpoint tt fs a
beautiful ‘home Which Mr. -Edlion ‘purposes
to build, "It ts three atorios\high, with
Dienty of windows, broad yermndag, and
even flower urns atthe entrance,
“Phere isn’ man In ‘tho country who
could build that house out of cut stone for
loss than %0,00),"" Mr, Edison sald. -“The
usa of cement ds thoroughly practical.
Table abort yous monely all theso factory
‘are of concrete, ~ Pree
eulOe courae, we plan to bulld these ho
in places where the soll fa sandy, Ike’ XK ar
Jersey and Staten Island. ‘Then alt’ the
gond needed can bo taken right out of the
excavation made for the basement and all
the bullding materin{ a man has to buy 18
tha cement to mix with the sand to male
the concrete.” o ‘
pends upon me.to make It}:
\
EDIG0N’S SYSTEM OF CONCRETE HOUSES,
The new method of building dwellings of small
cost, recently announced by Mr. ‘Thomas A, Edb-
80h, opens tremendous additlonal possibilities for
the use of concrete. fnustead of the old box-like
concrete structures with which we are all famil-
far, ft will be possthte to have attractive houses
ata much lower cost than was possible tn the
Gret-menttoned type,
When asked in what particulars his {den was
novel, Mr. Edison said: "There ts nothing par.
tleularty novel about my plan; ft atnounts to the
same thing as making a very complicated casting
{in tron, ‘except that the medium is not so fluid.
Some one was bound to do ft, and J thought that
T might as well be the man, that's all.”
The method consists In the use of molils, cost
ing $25,000 the set, made of %-iueh cast iron,
planed, nickel-plated, and potished, ‘The different
Pleces vary in size, some of the interlor parts
being but two feet square. When in position,
the units are held in place by trusses and dowel
Pins. Into the top of these molds concrete Is
pumped continuously by compressed alr, using
two cylinders. The concrete {itself ucts as a pin
ton, and the two cyHnders are alternately fled
and emptied. The delivery of the mixture must
be continuous, for wherever it is stopped a Ine
appears, To secure this rapid and continuous
flow, at the rate of 176 enbic yards per day, a
very efMficlent mixer is required, It has not yet
_ been decided whether a Ransome or a specially
designed machine will be used. No rubbing up
Is necessrry, although a few Haws may be pres:
ent, owing to the difficulty of expelling all alr.
The escape of air is permitted by the specint
design of the house, or, when necessary, by a
temporary plpe, which may he removed tater,
The concrete used ig mixed necording to the
ordinary proportions of one part of cement high
In Hme, three parts of sand, and flve parts of
crushed atone, The cement fs so finely ground
that {t readily takes up the requisite quantity of
water to make {t flow. Another result of the
fine grinding, to which the vosstbllity of repro-
ducing minute details ia due, in the absolute
PO Me eC OO OM CA ETT CERT OS
water-tightness of this material, kines (here are
[PHOTOCOPY]
soe RE rane v—constrnatedaf_vallaw_matal and
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
Novenrurr 16, 1907.
ning In of the conerete requires twelve hours
more, and after seven days the molds are re
nioved, and the next house 1s erected,
According to Mr. Wdlson, tho actual cost of a
dwelling made according to this method would
be one thousand dollars, The wear and tear on
the nolds and the Interest on the outlay, he fg
ures at about tifty dollars a house, This makes
the total cost $1,060 for a house that in the
quarter-size model in) Mr, Edison's Inhoratory
hears every mark of refinement and comfort,
The architects who have designed the house for
Mr. Wdison are Messrs, Manning and Macnellle,
to whom we are indebted for the accompanying
detall view,
a
THE BREDSDORFF STRANDING BUOY,
DY TUK BNOLISI CONUKHTONDENT OF BCIENTIVIC AMKIUICAN,
tn order to facilitate communication between
a stranded shtp and the shore, where conditions
prevent the utilization of the rocket Hle-saving
apparatus and render it impossitte for a Mfe-
boat to be inunched, the novel stranding lnoy
shown fn the iHustration has been devised by
Mr, T. Bredatorff, a director of the Flensburger
Shi{pbullding Company, of Flensburg, Germany,
This device was suggested by the wreck of the
English stenmer “Berlin” off the coast of Hol
Jand a few months ago, when it was found
Impossible to succor the wrecked passengers and
a heavy death roll yvesnlted, The distance was
too great for the rocket to he fired over the ship,
Similar disusters are of frequent occurrenee; and
as in such clrenmstances the wind and sea are
always driving shoreward, this new buoy should
be of great serviee when other methods fall,
since owlng to fs light draft it can be carried
right to the beach, i
As may he seen from the Mlustration, the buoy
resembles in shape a small boat Mtted with a salt
tnd with a Ught rope connected to. the stern,
whieh after fauneliigg is paid oul from a revolv-
ing reel on the deck of the wrecked boat, and
which when pleked up on the shore serves to
enable a heavier cable, capable of carrying the
Ife-saving cradle, to bo hauled shoreward. The
lifesavitns cradle, to le hauled shoreward, i
Dnoy te 3 fect tn lungth by 18 Inches beam. 2
inches deep, and draws 8 Inches of water. fis
gan
is
the
nt
te
ti
ay
Yemen gn
1 add oor
< le beoy
~ i
“designed machine will be used.
\
Scientific American
Novearner 16, 1907.
EDISON'S BYSIEM OF CONCRETE HOUSES. ning In of the conerete requires twelve hotly th
The new method of building dwellings of small! more, and after seven days the molds ara re.
Gost, recently aunounced by Mr, Thomas A, 1dl- moved, and the next: houne fs erected, ii
son, opens tremendous additional possibillties for According to Mr, Tdlson, the actual cost of a e
the use of concrete, Instend of the old box-like dwelling made according to this method would
ha one thousand dolars, ‘The wear and tear on m
concrete structures with whieh we are ali fam{l-
Jor, It will be possible to have attractive houses
ata much lower cost than was possible in the
firat-inentioned type,
When asked in what particulars his {den was
novel, Mr, Edison sald: “Phere is nothing par
tleularly novel about my plan; it amounts to the
sume thing as making a very compllested casting
In fron, ‘except that the medium is not so fuld.
Some one was bound to do it, and J thonght that
I might as well be the man, that’s all."
The method consists in the use of molds, cost-
Ing $25,000 the set, made of %-tneh cast tron,
waned, nickel-plated, and polished, The different
pleces vary {n size, some of the interior parts
being but two fect square, When In position,
the units are held in place by trusses and dowel
pins, Into the top of these molds conerete Is
pumped continuously by compressed alr, using
two cylinders, The concrete [tself nets as a pls
ton, and tho two cylinders are alternately Med
and emptied, The delivery of the mixture must
be continuous, for wherever ft if stopped a line
appears, To sceure this rapa and continuous
flow, at the rate of 176 cubic yards per day, a
very efficient mixer Is required, It has not yet
been dectded whether a Ransome or a specially
No rnbiing up
is necessary, although n few Naws may be pres
ent, owing to the diMentty of expelling all air,
The escape of alr is permitted by the speelal
design of the honse, or, when necessary, by a
temporary plpe, which may be removed later,
The concrete used jx mixed according to the
ordinary proportions of one purt of cement high
In lime, three parts of sand, and five parts of
crushed stone, The cement fs so finely ground
that it readily takes up the requisite quantity of
water to make {t flow, Another result of the
fine grinding, to which the possibility of repro:
ducing minute details a due, Ik the absolute
Ce EE eo oe CCT TE
water-tightness of this material, since (here ave
none of the Intergranular openings that are pres-
ent when coarse Ingredients are used, CQrent
strength {8 assured at the polnts of stress by
DETAIL OF EDISON CONCRETE HOUSE,
the molds and the interest on the outlay, he fs
ures at about fifty dollars a house, Ths makes
the total cost $1,060 for ® house that ino the
quarter-size model in Mr, Edison's laboratory
bears every mark of refinement and comfort,
The architects who have designed the house for
Mr, Edison are Mesars, Manning and Macnellle,
to whom we are indebted for the accompanying
detall view,
ee A
THE BREDSDORFF 8TRANDING BUOY,
BY THK KNGLIH COMRKACONDENT OF ECIRNTIVIC AMRIICAN,
tn order ta faciiitate communtieation between
a stranded ship and the shore, where conditlans
prevent the utilization of the rocket Ife-savink
Apparatus aud render it Impossthte for a Mfe-
boat to be launched, the novel stranding buoy
shown In the Mustration has been devised hy
Mr, T. Rredadorff, a director of the Flensburger
Shipbullding Company, of Flensburg, Germany.
Tia device was suggested by the wreck of the
English steamer “Berlin” off the const of Hol-
Jand a fow months ago, when it was found
Impossible to suecor the wrecked passengers and
a heavy death roll resulted. The distance was
too greut for the rocket to be fired over the ship,
Similar Usasters ave of frequent occurrence; and
ag in stich clreumstances the wind and sea are
always driving shoreward, this new buoy should
be of great service when other methods fail,
since owing to Sts light draft it ean be carried
right to the beach, '
As may be seen from the Mustration, the buoy
resembles fn shape a small boat fitted with a sail
and with a light rope connected to. the stern,
which after launching is paid out from a revolv
ing reel on the deck of the wrecked boat, and
which when picked up on the shore serves to
enable a henvler cable, enpatle of carrying the
Ufe-saviny fo be hauled shorewnrd, The
lifesaving cradle, to be thawed shoreward si
buoy is 3 feet in length by 18 inches beam, i:
inches deep, and draws 8 Inches of water. It»
strongly constructed of yellow metal aud cope
with the ribs or frames of motal, and tin coated
re
LL
seme
od owoat
tee bunny
aruttiar +
Be ter this
edoptert,
della 5
i, aghewiiin »
GB: af the Je!
nod with a rounded deck. There 1s a heavy lead hed”
tapering both fore and aft, so that the bont can alana
maintain an even keel, no matter how rough the ws
or surf, Aft of the mast, whieh is placed well fo
ward, ave two water-tight bulkheads, dividing the [nter
nal space into three water-tight compartments, 1
which a small supply & *
provisions, ships’ payen
or other communications -
ean he placed, and whick
halalinlaze posslitity of the
buoy foundering hy colli
sion = owith «wreckage
rocks. ‘The center com
partment $s fitted wlth s
water-Ught cover 5 Suche
in dinmeter, and stntle
covers at either ond clo
the fore and aft compart
ments, There are four
hand grips placed on the"
outside of the buoy, ote
on elther sida and fon
and aft, which not onty
serve for tha purpose &
making fast the Ilne, or
of bullding ds not eeonomleal for putting up single
houses, owing to the cost of the Initial outlay, although
this outiny js in “ha nature of a permanent Invest-
ment, as the plant. practleally Indestructible, On the
other bund, for constricting, say a Chousaid houses,
in proximity to ench other, it is very suitable, lor
wire reinforcements set In the body of the matertat.
Bath-tubs and slmiar fixtures will be cast in place,
Pipes for the steam heat, conduitr for the electric wir-
ing, and the fron tublng through whieh the lead pipes
for the plumbing are to be afterward drawn, are all
set In the molds before the cement is run in, ‘The only
wood present will be the
doors, window sashes, and
“perhaps a few strips to
which to attach carpets,
Although any type of
architecture can he = fol-
lowed In making the origi-
nal molds, the first house
of this kind to be built
will be in the style of
Franels 1, richly deco-
tated with designs that
would be prohibitive he.
cause of thelr cost were
they in stone, It will
have a cellar and three
stories, with nine rooms,
The walls are to be 12, 10,
and 6 Inches thick in the
various parts. The Inte-
[PHOTOCOPY]
8 af rior wil! be handsomely Janding the buoy by meats
4 Ku shee oe making no of a boathook, but also af
‘soilogt ot einibag teeta a a urther decoration work ford freilitdes for perros
% necessary after the molds -{n the water to keep aftast,
ods : are removed, If It is de since the buoy will vop }
1 sired to heighten the in- port three people i
; 2 side effect, Unting can be The wast is made of
i : resorted to. In addition to “The Buoy Carrying a Lino From a Wreeked brass plying, farmed at tbe
[FILMED IN SECTIONS} \ ; the enrichments, all of tisnit “ the Shore, ' top fata in Bblane ting, te
j these dwellings will have 7 whieh the sall ia made
i hen seer Sate Male Instanes, suppore fast and stayed, and whieh Ie used for launching and t
a andes he:palinted'te dais (hat fo is destred pileking up the buoy, ‘The sail is of strony waterproot |
i ihesowners: tnt to Iny out an in- canvas mounted with yards of Spanish reed or teh }
ae owing to. ‘he siceiéek piers ieee hone at top and bottom. On the foreside the salt i
i abiatiodceeedel: “both, ie er the post- forms a triangiar bag, by which the buoy {a alwap }
‘ the~ateain’ pies, nad! to tlons of the vari- kept to the whnid. Att of the mast fs a small bell, the :
‘ ike'tacine theminelveu fain ons buildings are sounding of which is useful for locating the buoy ts
‘ tha outslde-eolls futons staked out, a the darkness, The Hyght pilot Hne connected to th
: PO, G large gang of la- ‘uoy fs some 500’yarda fn length, wound up ana red
quarter the coal ordinarily
required is needed to heat
borers digs the
eellars, and the
and placed heside the buoy on the captaln’s rider
heing only connected when the buoy Is about to
eae ee Rd tone mold for a house — launched, : !
dowihae a ia net up the Teste with the apparatus lave shown that when & H
ra closed, they can be The Buoy Ready for Launching. With Sall Set and Life operation taking = 1s thrown overboard ina heavy wind blowing on shore
Hager ca beta coal Line Attuched, about twelve — it travels at a speed ranging from 1 io 14 knate pet
ae : his manner THE BREDSDORFF STRANDING BUOY. hours, The run- hour, and invariably ts enught up by the rollers ext
Me eee
[PHOTOCOPY]
Ff «: :
BERe
Romer an :
‘Fortillzatio; A ot , be
on ty & : aa 5 Y ‘s y in
trogen from ccomplished a : r he j
ithe, South and by a Nashviile man in ic of tho outturn will bo used In Ten- | the pangs of hunger from this cause, un-:
Fes : it | Bepseo “fertilizer ‘factories, “These facts | less other Sources of supply are found
years, the Umit | have come pto Nght since Mr. Edison | than the exlating stores of nitrogenous
ithe’ wizard of | Ae ens ~_tdepoalts, To maintain the food supply tn
seat “ 1, ect to sce atmospheric fertitizer depleted solls, It is necessary to add the
redicted in'an in- | on the market fn this country within the | plant foods taken out by the succession
Ih
t'ten, years, That such a product | of crops, . ve
‘ deed WA a on‘ be. Imporatively necessary thors | © “Three plant ‘foods ‘for a number of |.
This immense ‘question, Involving ‘as; is] no qoubt...Every shipload of wheat | years have constituted plant fertilizer, |
ante aha com’ which goes abroad leaves the | Thoy.are nitrogen, phosphoric and potas-
It does tho food sted ae aye | United States so much Poorer, not in a trogen ay ThO only aianet Source | |
3 with saveral | & id, -but'In ottrogen,” » of nitrogen is In , and js known as
World, has been Rattled with | . Stal “Speaking further on this subject Mr. } Chiltan nitrogen, These deposits are be-
vears by Mr. Frank S. Washburn of tho Edison gala: *. ; : fiestlon’ suk ing xhausted. Tho quantity Cxparted
= or 'sf'Untll recently the wtf zation of at-' ani @ price ‘per ton aro advancing every |!
Mussel Shoals Hydro Blectrle Power, Mmbspheric | nitrogen was ‘vegarded as | year, i at dhs stre 2
‘Fompany, and who fa ‘also President of merely a “laboratory . demonstratlon, “In the United States we dopend for
Ihe American Cyanamid ‘Comp:ny. “The |'Bystness men sald tt would never be ob- | nitrogen on the by-products of packing-
tatter com; will place 4 neration | tained cheaply enough to sell the (armer | houses and cottonseed meal more than on
atter company place in og i fortilizer, «tn Norway a plant haa! Chillan nitrogen, but all of tho nitrog-
\ plant with 20,000 tons Initial capactty , hedon established with sich good reaults enous compounds, or so-called am
‘$ soon ag the Mussel Shoals power j t tI exp at, to ace Fe iaherle ere moniates, ad arts Mataes He baba pay
: , ; Uilzer on ¢ market tn this country |.‘ ennossec js the great repos tory for
Nant is ready for operation. This ree wfthin the ndxt ten years," natusal deposits of Phosphate rock, form-
& Is well Known $s well advanced 22 | SMe.-Bdison fn atating these facts was | ing (he phosphoric contents of fertilizer,
oroceas of construction and, ft may be” ngt-informed that much nearer to himj Germany {5 the great natural depository
sald,that the South Is ready to lay {ta | thin Norway ao strong aggregation of cap-| of potasstc salts, Nitrogen {s the ‘most
iteglshad purchased the exclusive Amert- | fmportant and least In quantity and the
wandon: tho solution of tho greatest [can rights for the manufacture of atmos: most rapidly disappearing. Tho other two
reblem‘‘that confronts agriculture \to- [:PHeric aftrogen and the oxclusive use jn in the scheme of the world exist In sut-
vAterica of the, ‘machinery for. thts Pur- | ficient quantities to make the problem re-
ipdae, atch as Europe has tn practical garding thom purely academic. sé
oyeratian, turning out 40,000 tons of] “Sclentists have been trying for 100 |'
rogen per yoar, with enlargements | yeara to obtain nitrogen from the atmog- }+
lojected to bring the output up to 250,-| phere, and for the past slxtoon yeata
) tons per year, what was belleved to be a serious Imlth-
‘The ‘American company, whose offices | tian of food supply hag Warranted 3
ago“Jn “Nashville, «will form one of the | tensive study and lnvestigation, ‘with
annels through which the unlimited | final restilt that nitrogenous substance,
agraepower of Mussel Shoals will be di- | suitable as fertillzer, has been dovoloyed,
fi als scompany. ie erated owns } Ae seat of production {x matortally ‘fess
i 5 . 4 the “axclualve jrig! or the manufacture { than the Present price of 6ther nitfog-
ywover, was assu' ed before -/ tho this product in the United States, Mus. | enous compounds, Price of other nityog
Shoals.is one of. the few localities thar |’ “In the United States it"ts an aljnost |-
Tt Is difficult to ostimate tho first cos
of putting on the market this nitrog- tn
enous substance which the alr area
in Umitless quantities, and which “has
proved. so elusive of sctenca’s Brash, |
That.the price of the commodity In mar-.
‘xetablé: form wit! be much less than, that |
up-
montates at rdason-
ding with phos' hate,
ye Proguction 7
naont,such as this company-.
use of through’ its contracts.
Mussel’: Shoals Hydro-Blecti F
tovthauy poh AL:
fal iia this fo ese of planet
is “Jabots “arg.! Y; Bias yf, i
fog free oguorid
ap eh eon he
ard, ef. Trade on. this absorbing tonic
At P, Meeting .on..the -27t};
p ty
sich eee,
~
Course” at: the top tae }
mixture over flows tho odif
bo: possible to bulld the =
,| tWelve hours and. in gtx da’
WU have settled and hardened,
.{ tbe ‘absolutely indestructible”
“I have bullt the model v6
house on the basis of alab
fer. setting $1.50, per day:
jing :forms:.are of cast
?1$1,000 the entire;ho
«| This ts-to!-tnelid
“Cincinnati, 0. -.Comm. Tribune .
bd bea
~, Westionable, “it “Wt
| Hven suildren may
4 Sand chop ag Jong’
gl ithout dota: mia rf
ven it My. Buon’ sho
ui n
ar’ 4 we supposed
nearly, completa as ws
before going “there: The bulldings Me
has put up,ace for the most par i Fs
own workshops, model patlding? ‘This
what he-calla th uhding Nd
py 45 -feot, two stories Lig n
Bf by Anicnore concrete. *; :
a
feat Wide and forty” ieép,’ three
stories high,‘and -capable, of %.com-
fortably -housing “three, familles’ for |’
$1,000. ‘Three families ja .a house},
f ; model <will ‘give * oud.
is.
i
B twenty PyaThO ‘mos
#0 Ray think thay f the-patent
A In tere: -upon these, a as a
eproportions of thy/afo
PP OT coat in’ 4
Og 92,0007 B%,
8 “beginnin
raeperte
DB yntel then
edt
Oude
Ys mo
2
[PHOTOCOPY]
Ballston. N.Y Sna-Journal
pen “yg "907"
! cue eoge enon geunoranennrame
ye
.Oasy to see that,
it a few years to come,
The obstacles in the way now
% Wireless —
2) Telegraphy
=? Only In. Its
of Infancy, 2...
TRELESS ielegraphy is in its
Sz
INFANOY yet, Ibis
This young fellow Marconi DOES
NOT KNOW A TENTH PART
POSSIBILITIES OF WIRELESS
in the next ten ye
‘dre LIMITLESS, -
We today -caunot-imagine the things that they will be doing with
can EASILY beo
NOW OF THE
that he will learn
ars.” Tho possibilities of the thing
vercome. ‘Ag for
“a ship getting out in the ocean and taking off the messages from the |
current or another man setting up his apparatus and interfering with |
the connection, these things can be prohibited by law.
ion was nover perfected in less than
ade his discovery he has just begun.
“You know that a great invent
seven yeirs, {When a man has m
Dhen he'hag:té work for years an
" «Where ‘near coinpleted. WE DO Nor
THESE WAVES THAT ‘WE CALL = ELECTRICITY GO
AOROSS THE OCEAN IN THIS way. We
thinly" about it. Tt is contrary to all ‘the
jence. All we know is that thoy do go and that they carry Messages
eh avith them. ‘
d years beforé he h
ais tho thing any-
KNOW WHAT MAKES
don’t Imnow any-
y
known Jaws of nature and
JUST STOP’ AND THINK. WHAT WE WILL BE ABLE To po
WITH” THEM WHEN WE FIND OUT WHAT THEY
LAWS THAT CONTROL THEM! |
LotMENTS ALONG THIS LINE THAT
SANGUINE DREAMER OF TODAY,
id A el
TELL You THIS
ARE AND THE
THING IS ONLY
ARS THERE WILL BE DEVELOP
WILL STARTLE EVEN THE nos
ot
[PHOTOCOPY]
aA iia cee era ete re cay
‘rom
Uncoln, Neb. Sar
TO THE GENIUS OF KELVIN
Success of the World's Gable System °
Due Largaly to British Scientist,
- Says the American.
West Orange, N. J, Dev, 19.—Thom-,
ag A. Edison’ in an Interview express¢
great’ resret™at the death of Lord
Kelvin who had been his frlend fur
35 years,
ster ming in sclence, for the werld
geldom sees such 2 man as he wi A
said Mr. Edison, “First of all, he was
| Sreat as a mathematician and then he
developed Into the greatest of sclent-
ists. I think {t Is safe to say that na
gave more attention to such subjects
| as the power of the tides and the prop-
, [erties of the crust of the earth ‘than
any other man, Kelvin may truly be
sald to have been the life apd soul
of the Atlantic cable and they are still
using the Instruments which he In-
vented many years ago. It is a matter
> ]of history that he was also {dentified
3|with practically all the other great
cables which have been laid.” a
“Lord Kelvin certainly had the mas- *
"yee Kase ote Perley,
DEF 82 4907
No Record from Edison
Inventor Refuses to Talk Into Phonograph and Have
His Remarks Generally Circulated Among Phono-
graph Owners.—Poets Want The'r Effusions
Brought Down to Posterity, via Machine,
The National Phonograph Co, recently took dealers
into their confidence on two subjects which are of perti-
nent interest to thousands. These questions are discussed
by the company as follows:
“One oft repeated request is for a “Message from Edi-
son.” A man from Kansas City says briedly ‘and com-
pellingly, ‘It’s up to Thomas A. Edison to make a record,’
A Vermont lady who is good enough ty relate her family
history in iull and the miuiy and severe illnesses from
which she has recovered, says. in cons usion, “After this
letter I expect Mr, Edison to make a record.’ There are
many similar letters and although we appreciate the in-
terest evinced in the phonograph’s inventor, we must say
there is no likelihood of such a thing happening, No
living American has been made the subject of so many
Newspaper and magazine stories as My: Edison, bat he
prefers to remain in his laboratory and kcep out of the
lime fight. He shrinks from the idea of making a record
to be distributed broadcast. He is not a professional rec
ord maker, but an inventor; and if our friends only think
for a moment, every phonograph is a ‘message from Edi-
son.’
“Another thing frequently demanded is that we m ke rece
ords of verses submitted, on the ground: thar hey wed
‘sell well” A contributor from the M:ddle West wants
us to make a record of a song that was sung a great del
in her young days. She does not call to mind its title or
author, but thinks the first verse opend in this spirited
manner, ‘O little bird, I would I wer thy mate!’ and
there is a line whistled by the little birdis in every one
of the verses. The tune has escaped he- but she says we
could easily find out what it was or cbe ‘compose iresh
music.’ Another writer says that his lite has been a thril-
ling one and a record of it would b? instructive to all.
He enclosed a few details of his younger days commencing
thus,
““The schools that were when [ was young
Did oft my heart annoy;
And so I made a strong resolve
To be a sailor boy,
Yo! Hol ior the briny deep.’
“The few details took seven minutes o read aloud and
as they foreshadowed a life of extreme complexity there
is no telling how many hundred secord: it would take to
do his career justice.”
<9
According to A. A. Winslow, Unitec States consul at
Valparaiso, Chili, the commercial phomgraph is makirg
great strides throughout Chili, The davand for stenog-
raphers made by the large commer: ial Newses is far greater
than the supply and the very decided ircrease in wages
has intluenced to a very great extent the tise of the com-
mercial phonograph and its adopticn is sev almost gen-
p eral,
[PHOTOCOPY]
Phonograph in Ethnology.
Vienna Scientist Takes Machine to Study Languages
and Songs in New Guinea.—Records Placed in
* Archives.
Among the most interesting records for posterity dled in
the Academy of Natural Sciences, Vienna, are some ses
cured in New Gitinea by Dr. Rudolf Poch during his
ethnological researches on that island in 1905 and 1906.
The autives belony to the Bait tribe,
tr Poch spent about two years wandering from one
tie to another, He lived with a dozen ar so tribes in
the German, British and Dureh pos. nus, His records
of the native songs are alt the More importa be
many of them are religions or ceremonial songs and are
the accompaniment of ceremonial dan and both dances
1 songs have been handed down for generations, Many
© songs are not ut all melodious, while others are not
wuplessing, mr .
Tt was diicult to record all of some vel
songs the Yassi-Yassi people, for
ur growing softer and softer to:
they die away omirely, .
twas found better to pose the ; agers i i group before
nachine rather chan to record the songs during ¢
dance Tn many SONgs, Tor instanee, boys have an
parr, bit their position in the danee is at aid
from the other singers and the hates are not so
ecorded. 20 boys and amen are rouped for making
the record, All the whether purely social or having
Yr meaning, are accompanied by singing.
phonograph served many other purpu
records were made of many words, pl sid speech i)
the various lang + Some of these tongtes Ive gut.
. and other peculiarities which are + ty diffienl: for 3
loresgner to reprolvec, but usually they come out very
clearly in the phonographic record.
Tien man records were secured of the sounds evoked
from mu mstruments, By ro other methods could
these sounds be e: weuy reproduced,
oe
Talking Machines Po pularin Smyrna.
Ina report to the Bureau of Manufaetures at Washing-
ton, UL S. Consult Earnest L, Harris, of Sinyrna, mak.s
the following statement in regard to the use of talking-ma-
chines in that country:
“There is scarcely another country which presents -
a good opportunity for phonographs as Turk TI
anpies especially ro the best qual “hi
There has been ‘a tremendous sale of cherp machines dure
ing she past few years, several thousand ha n soled
in Smyrna alone. da the imerior cities of Minor
there are no theatres and concer. | Kot and
the Greek amd Turssish popular have tken sor Lily
to the phonograph that this and simi ar instruments ve
become popular household acquistitons, What is needed
how is a superior instrament for the homes of the better
hisses, Lf catilogtes of high-grade ine ruments, together
With lists of records, are sent in tr te to this: ern.
sulate. I will endeaver to put them in the hands of deal
ers who may be induced to take wp this Hne and push it
onthe Snir merker”
imporrant
xaniple, have
ward the and
the:
Fine
of eltnes
i
taste! A
wee
—
Lae
at
N.Y. Herald, Jersey Buitlon -
aoe eee a in
R
Prore ar
bi Facco
MRS. FREDERICK P OTT.
‘Siu itz ag Peel MEATS
‘ASES AS\PHYSICIANS
po eae
FREDERICH P. OF LL,
Frere We Fa srunso.
Former First Helps to Make Day a Merry One for Poor Chil-
dren of Orange Before Joining Family and Friends
"in Festivities at Home. ey
. Surrounded ‘by thelr children and a Emma Miller, of Newark, were married
score of relative; and: friends, Mr, nrtdjon Christmas ove in 18%, in Newark, Five
Mrs, Frederick P,.Ott,: of No. 64 Valley!
coad, West Orange, Inst aught celebrated
the twonty-f¢th anniversary ‘of their wed-!
ding at thelr home. The house was nt-
actively ‘decorated, the - predominating!
colors-belng the green and red'of tho holl-
dav season. The fenture of ‘the celebra-
Hon was'n dinner tn the evening. Many’
Presents were, recelved by tho couple and
telleltations were extended by many call-
ers, +. et ; pa
Mr. Ott and ~his wife, “who, waa Mba)
years ‘after. thelr wedding the couple
moved to.tho Oranges, after Mr. Ott ob-
tained a confidential position with-wremes
A. Edison ly. tho experimental department
STO TnventTies West Orango factories,
Mr. Ott ts. well ‘known tn tho Oranges,
and fs fdontitled “with “severut ‘secret
socletios, “HO was one ef the men iho
Waa instrumental ti égttln ‘the Orange
Lodge of Liks to cata liehs fas practica of
giving Christmus dinnorg and gifts-to the
poor children of that city, ant yeateniay
ne. Was busy cnring for the ittle folk bs-
fore ho topit un the pleasures of lily own
celebration. Mr. and Mns. Ott have four
children, ‘ ud a>
reas Gosion/
‘)ishers of shoot qausig, and the mak-
‘| productlon“6t-muslo,, For the’ sale
‘}of appearance, the rights .of, cont-
posers, .on. one hand, and’ the Hb-
‘ introduced In both branches of Con-
‘Jelfeally exempts from general copy-
‘\“pirated copies sound records for
‘|phonographs and mausic rolls. for
‘|golf-playing planos, Provision 16
w88,- orald
DE 26 tan (G07
Cw pus.
‘Telty obtains something 2.1 good as tho ¢
3| Des Molnes idea—or better. £
—————
COPYRIGHT AND COMPOSERS.
hg, buttle over the copyright
Hav. on ngain botwoen tho pub-
ors . of rocords, forsmachunical yo-
oral ‘education. and ’. entertainment
of tho people, on the’ other hond,
are supposed to be tho stakes iu the
contest. A copyright bill has beon
gress containing a clause which spe- |;
right and from classification as
mado that 2 composor shall bo ontl-
tled to royaltios if his production ist.
used publicly for profit. Last year |.
‘la bill was reported in tho Senate |,
‘(giving the composer or lis assignec |,
exclualve right to his molody In, any ),
‘‘gystom of notation or any form ott,
rocord, but tha’ House rofusod to],
agreo. Action brought in the courts |y
is still pending a decision from the |:
supreme bench to determine whethor
a perforated roll or a record is an
infringement under tho . present),
copyright lal. In Great Britain and],
genorally in Europe tho record for |r
mechanical reproduction is specif);
cally excluded from the operation of |,
tho copyright law. Public Interest |,
In tho, matter In this country Ings],
hecause of the general bolicf that],
the real benefit to he gained under],
any circumstances has been monop-
ollzed in advance by combinations
of promoters and publishors. It is
claimed that a group of tho:record
manufacturers have made a con-
tract with the music publishers,
who contro! tho greater number of |?
copyrights, by which tho oxclusive |«
use of such musle for purposes of}!
reproduction is secured, if the copy- |)
right is maintained. On tho othor |}
hand, .the only Apparent benefit to/}
ensue from tho exemption of these 1
records from tho copyright law ipfe
to the record manufacturers who {i
would “pirate” the works of. the |)
comporers. ~ eek Sr eeatee |
There 1s, however, no reason
qvhich can appeal to ‘any sana‘man jj;
avhy a composor, entitled to the pro- {
ftoction of-the copyright against, the]y
rpublication, of his product In ‘the |i
form of sheet music, with the notes t
printed In black upon ao scule,
should be at the mercy of ao MAan|¢
who finds some other method of ro-|y
producing that publication, equally, |{
and evon more, intelligible to tha 1
prospective .purchasor. Thore is no |{
reason why the public, which pure }
chases its sheot music or its Mtera- |)
ture, under the copyright law, aud],
pays its royalty, which 1s the ingomo |,
of tho author,. should - proteat |:
agalost paylug asimilar royalty and.
contributing in the same way to the
author's income when It buya: its
inusle or Hleraturo in such form
that’ it may be reproduced for its
enjoyment or education without’ ex-
ertion on Its part. This is the es-
sence of all of the discussion of the
copyright Jaw. The rights of the
author have to be considered, as
well as tho claims of the pubile.
The rivalry of competing, conbinn-
tlons of publishers doos not Inter-
est the people, and ought not to in-
,| terest Congress.
pier et en
Sem orark, He Jx—Adventises,
YEG BU. 1907
co | seater ete
4
EDISON CONDEMNS *
“HIGH VOLTAGES
Tells Passaic Citizens They, ‘Are,
"Dangerous to. Life. .
'
LIMIT. OUGHT TO. .BE: 2,000
Wilanrd Says ‘Cities Bike aasute ani
Paterson Can Be Prontubly Lighted
WYO Direct Curcent, ast
nda Atari on the 20000 Vrelley
Voltage to New Many vay
(By Telegraph to the Start ¢,
PASSAIC, Dee, 29-Thomas Alva ladle
saon, the greatest wizard TOMMY
rviow In his laboratory at the idle
fon works In Clowellyn Vaek to Mayors
lect Frederick mR. Low, Taane We big
Jand, editor at The Dally News, aud dove
seval other Pussala men who were Liters
ested In the controversy caused by Mr.
Englind's protest against tho action of
‘the Publle Sorvice Corporation In) rtring-
ing high voltuse wires fa Central avenue,
Mr Edtgon gave his unequivocal opinion
that Mer, Englind's protest, volced by ue
Koard of ‘Traiv, was a juat ong and that
ithe city could enfovea it withant unreasons
‘able hardshlp lo the Publle Service, -
‘The party vieled the great) Bdisun
works, and. after a fow momonts’ watt-
‘ing, Mr. Moghind succeeded In negotiating
va belof Interview with the wizard blmsclf.
‘The visitors were ushevet Into the dingy
: laboratory where the great Inventor yvortcs,
Ssownettinge fur ilaya and wightss ata
Stretch, and there, aintd rows of tert
tubes and) breathing ,xtrango, pungent
vamelis, they came fico to face wlth the
‘mau who has mado - the whole workt
Marvel, sind were Introducer, Mr Hittl-
aon Will be G1 next Mebruary, but wero ft
not for lls gray hale be would look such
‘younger, He In stightly deat, but he Is
as ert on ever and bls cyes ate wonders
tut, giving you the Impression that the
told back of -them Js leaking straleht
fhrovgh you,’ fis reception of thu Pas-
sale men wos moat cardial.
Mr, (altvon was aeked Its opinion of
high voliage wires, whether it was nifo
to permit the currying of from 6,000 to
18,00 volts of ulternaling current through
‘the beart of cities hy neciu constriction,
“What Is the proposltion?” demanded
the Inventor of electric light,
It wae then explained hy Muayor-ctect
Tow, who js edftor of Power, and Mr.
Kngland that the Board of Trado objected
to the Publle Service Corporation's string-
Sug Ish power wires, all over the clty
for are and incandescent Hght circulte,
“Of course you want the current, and
of course you expect that It- mist bo
‘given you In a way that Is commercially
profitable,” mild Me. Edison... “What, as I
understand ft, you object to is slmply the
passage of wires of high voltage through
the streets of your city, Well, f iny say
,fhat To do not conaliler your objections
Unreasonable.” ‘The suggestion was made
that tho wires really ought to be buried,
“C'do not think that ls possthle,” said
Mr. Idison, mulckly. “Such construction
jy very costly, and I think you might
i breaks then” (meaning tho Public Service.)
“But current of from 6,000 to 15,000 volts
Is dangerous, Is It not, Mr. Edison?"
asked Mt, England, a
“Oh, yes, {Us dangerous,” replied the in-
ventor, “It’s dangerous, So fs 2,000 volta
dangerous, ‘Two, thousands volts wll Icill
ju mian. ‘Phere fa oa chanee, however,
{through poor contuet, of a man’s esczplug
(wlth hia Ife if' he comes in contnet with
$2,000 volis, but if:the current be of higher
valtnge'thls chanco of escape 1s. absolutely;
sttoye away with, No man. could eseane If
he cam tts contact with 30,000. volts, let
Me say, Dut such danger may be: overcome
«by proper seria! construction,
:"But they are not giving ts‘ proper con-
struction.” sald Mr. tugtand. .
We exelalmed’ Mrs Kidlison, “then you
smurt make them +1 have always con
pla a Lea DAR rato at Sr te PRR
Qomued improper handling of alternating
current of high vollage. Up in New ilaven
they are using 20,000 volts on the trolley
cars, und To tell you, gentlemen, they are
kolog to have trouble, there. They have
Idiled soven men already, nnd It is.only
Guestlon of tine when they will bo ‘Iililng
‘] pagsengers,” \ nid
voy, Low naked if at was unreasonable
for: the elty to provide, by ordinance, that
‘no higher: current thin 2.00 volts be care
rled through the strects of Passaic. -
“that is not nreasonable,” sald’ Mr,
Edison, emphatically. {Chey have mids
auch regulations elsewhere. | Tt woul alnie
ply bo a question of erceting a station at
tho elty's outslsirts and stepplug the eure
‘rent down to 2,000 velte, ‘That would nut
bo an unfalr nortan excessive burden,”
Mr, England rewinidedt Mr. Wdleon that
when he. May England, worked as a boy
In the Paterson Edlaon xtation, witeh, by
the waty, was one of the feet atations uahig
Mr, Kidlnon's (hreaswire sygiqn, Che entire
+; {Incandescent system wink supplant by a
4 720-yolt direct, current, nuit that’ this sya
tem wos still In use, .
Y¥os,'* anid Mr, idlson, “eitles tee Pax-
sila ant Paterson ean be profitably Ushted
with nv 22devett direct current, but in
apavacly settled communities where current
tit be sent considerable dixtanecs to aup>
Dy comparatively snill numbers of cone
sumers this would net be commerctally
feasible, ‘he alternating current-of high
voltage Is shuply to save copper, and the
vollago to he used In tetermined Jargely
hy tho diktanes to which tho etrront must
ho carried and ‘tho, revenuy to bo derlyed
from its xalo na compared to tho cost of
construction. “Largo wires which will de-
Iver a large quantity of current at low
voltnge are, of course, more expensive to
Inatnlt tints is thes xmatl wiea over which
tho snme quantity of current enn bo driven
by using ‘a higher voltage ar pressure, If
you goutlonen tnslst that the Nghting com.
pany rhall use nv voltage of 2,000 votty or
Jess within your city Mnilts you wht not,
in my Judgment, bo antslng woythlng, une
Just or unreasonable. f take it that! you
want to bo fair and just with these puo-
ple, and siteh a voliage would, In my Judg-
ment, ba falr to them, would not entail
any hardship from i commorelat stand
polnt, and would go far toward sufegunrd+
Ing the Hven of your citlzens.”” ©.
“AS tho Pascale men left, Mr.‘ Edison |.
shoole each by the hand’ cordially, ‘and
then returned ta lls Inbors, the last
Blimpsn the party bal of him ho was bend:
Ing over Wiy toxt tubes again, obilvious of
everything oxcept the scientific work In
hand. : Moe .
Tha Dassile men wero piloted te anil
from the Inventor's presenvo by IL
Moran, an ofcer.of the Wdlean company,
{
'
i
"ey.
But all the while be was keeping the
aienf ofllee ; ‘busy ou bis wminor inven: |~
‘elegraph'='
elds aria ae z tons ‘Delany, was ‘hard at, work on the
‘gysteri of telegranby adapt-
4
a} ‘ptirposes, which, has. R
perfected to ‘such “point pl
hat it forms: the essential basis of an
atlrely’: “nei: telegraph rene tor’ th !
vhole’ United 8 :
tates,
elany sy’ .c
old line companies | is no
uore anu io less) “of a mystery t ‘than
“to adopt other’ Amprove- |
graphy - owhich have Te: }
reign countries to'n j
nents’ "in te
duced” rates .Jn. fo!
resulted in’ 89 ini
amerleaps | ent
Tho anaes 2” whl
8;
tonal | telegra - Asked why one of tne old sorapanies
bought | his “apparatus, Mr. De- |'
ly that it might sbe
because the patents 1 were never 0! ved |’
tn to them. “Inventors. have know. for |.
: i ig -muching With puuches, magnetical- years, Mr. Delany sald, that there’was
: Bate the saeoeaie: wikaon punches } , no use in trying to dent witha com: |.
ready t rds, which ‘are’ then’ pany that had made & policy of, refus- |-
ly to be fed through the ‘transmit! ing to coriatder ‘all inventions and im- |:
ter to’ the’ wire, (‘The double row .of: provements except when they could be |:
holes in thetape passing through obtiatned ‘ ‘for ‘little ‘or’ nothing.’ “This
tran: gh the:
smitter's contact, fingers’ result in! was the ‘experience of the men -who.de
positive and negative Ampulses, which! - vised the Page. patent,” the duplex” ‘and
on the receiving tape’ are re
ihe sore of “dots _and : Sa tal “What the, Delany system will):
propia ele ry the chemically :
to a "plaitiand on an iron. electrode’ in ‘th fanouncement of the _Telenodt
blue marks that’ ectrode forms clear company that it “will carry twanty-f ve
the Morse alphal any one .who knows. words for’ 25: cents, without regard to
phabet can read, and tra in’ Peers ig son i mh
at destination by mail.
nts ‘tor, fifty, “words,
‘Kt d that “wttelepoats"
Thom telegraphed letters will be largely used
helhied Eilean dsonned tclegraphy for :the ‘purpos¢, ‘of “catching forelgn
e ‘Was ‘an associate ‘of mails, ‘Recelved ‘at New. York es
2 ‘ age .will be. forw yf
any “aeatred ship.
© long ‘distances a big paving
Hi dlgo, be" “possible when delivery
within ‘eight or ten hours 1s all that the
emergency” requires, : tOn a ninety word
telepost, from Boston to San Francisco
IL be 45 cents as against the
.| charge by “the present telegraph com:
({pantes of $0. 0.
: ne
Srpongt s*be!
‘ jatrate ‘of -a
cent‘a we rd is Bo ‘simple thit anybody
ean "understand it. There is f perforat-
In the feweat ouatble’ sword
s, th
the system: "that It has. taken’ pet :
His first: invention to a abd
wide attention ‘was the Aeepdindiioe 4
multiples system < of. telegraphy,’ bought i
| oy the Britlsh government in 1895 and
i argely used on the English “postal ‘
Seals six. fae the .first
is Bys
worked oppaalte® ‘or ry iig eels
The ‘next time Mr. Delany, came into
et eee
Ny
nN
~~
»
5
rg
f
§
2
‘
“ry
rem -Y, Mua
Pp) ‘About Spelthig, putes Gat
foverbubbitng ‘spring water, }
ixethor “Tha. Morry, Widow” ‘waltt,: tho
fester, heating tine” with ay
tolgav,/the'Tated, with
iWizard twith<a y
(heads tho rod tion of Scatlaid danced liei
itlalily opshis yellow)feldtoisee
fant Te
‘plropt, Jnat across :from’ Brydue Park, Jt
j was-Mr, Cérnoglo who gave'tho:bullding if
the engineora und, their dinner was. partly,
Ju, telehration .of ijils apventiont oieaday
aceurring notually Jast“Novembor 26; ey
contont with a ‘faisly’ long ‘speech All his”
own, /he hopped, uy briskly, now anidithen |
‘with! a" few, sido premfrke: whiah his’ pyms |
“Mhomue'Ay Edlson,were the, guests/of honor,
‘nat night ut-the Enginears’.Clih's inaugural
; banquet In ity new' home at'324Voat'Fortlath
i ‘Lt.
omary, ronra) of ‘aught
‘Jolowright's thra‘came, ho jostiad the irov
to cather, things! «Mr
itonod, | Maybp it wi
‘presided ‘atthe dliner,:” Mr,
ey
Willan IT, -Fleteh
Among ‘othdra ps
er 1907 - ae
ere meenrermnnmernemererrnememnennery
ARNEGIE, BDISOW-AND ‘TWAIN
MUGIO TOGHTHE AT Bg
*GINEERS. “CLUB inavaunat
eB ester Tavitted Hine
‘The Latrd, iho Jester and’ the “Wizard /
gang ‘atlitas
oight ‘inch
shana,’ the,
‘Over thelr!
@ b.wt bin’ tw,
‘gdffee.“oup,
quoh golnge’
ay oR
“Andrew Carnegie, | ManterRwatn +
Mr.'Carnogho wassin'gay apirita, dD
pathet|e. audience “greeted, with1ho2euK? |
or! * Hy ‘revengad |
himsalf. neatly ‘upon’, Mark, "Who" thio
mastor niftily, turniog,anany “a quip pic
quirk: of My.’ Carnegie’s celebrated braud
of spolling: but later when Marts, turngd)
2 CaTnonle'A ‘head
dropped “upon his *breht and. h
only a cat
resident, of :
'T. O. Martin, p!
at his tight ‘Mr, Ediagn .at Mr.
‘othe sual fhe ioncpeear|
y
a Mark ‘I'wain?-inthiv: white flannola ‘and,
‘tho inevitable - blaak’ alg: “an'angle Jn.
thé ‘corner ‘of his ‘mouth. ho otberac at,
the, guest. (nble, ward an’ Frits, “Jolin
Pyord, Charles MicDonald;. David y Ata,
ye, Hay. Mitton,
nile
ster
Merlo. Sith,
‘ Meese leas
Ay
BR Ghat
Cruiakah
¥ rain, Robert
"0 , : hank,’ Muriop
De" Vries, “PHIp A. Dodge,- Linnry\"L.
‘Doherty. i 8. ‘Dorainus, V AF Jetatvoy’, {
‘James Gay ley: a, ae
raul
Josep!
no Belknap, |
‘Hanugond, Frauke“ Hedlay, Alogandor 0:
Horplroys * Ohurlen: Teicghtign PE
MoMillon, Thouiss. Martin,
Ohnrles A. Moore, Alfred Noble H
. Flyippe, | Jamies Ce ‘Potler, ;Calvin’:
Klee, Wossiter “W. .Raymond, yy
Sotwab, WJ." William Smith, *
Stono, ‘Jobn 2, . Walla ‘Wontln,
hours and Rdward Ts: Young., 76 4
“In dntroduclng Mr, Cah io, Preside:
“Martin jenthusiastically’ pral Car
liogio’s philanthropy and:sa
engineera regarded him ‘nd “the ‘t
Jronmagter‘of the world but’ ps \uyelmfridnd: +
‘and fellow membor.’ When Mrv Cyrnegio’
Kot up'to speal they gay. jij shina i
and a rip roaring tiger. Pree orb at
Mr. Carnogie congratulated Mhe-olub on’;
the opening of an anngs.tg tho building and:
apoke of the Importance of engineers moot’
ing socially as woll aa‘profesqiqually.., Tuen,
hho aald: 7 Pa BN .
‘This Is the age of fie engineer: « Never‘
befure In the history of the world haa he been
so Stnportant. Perhaps some of you have
read Kipling’s tateal production, “Tha Sona,
cof Mary and Martha,” Upon the iatter (here
hing been thrown the work aud carps of the
world; theirs to (ranafuem conditions, to hue’
. vents plan andiexecute and bring to man all
“the improvemerils that have dellgtited and:
astonished us tn (ils generation, and the loxt,’
beyond all ‘others that lave preceded.- We,
telegraph wlihout wires, and nalthor ander:
nor. upon the ocean, bub (lrough: the alr;
annihilating spage., We fly \with Ahe speed of,
blriis of the ale by a Kpari of gneglepe,” Wes
apeale to each other through the (elephone
‘ond Maten fo'the Snést.tiueld-ta our homes
from the, imprisoned voices of ‘the. greatent,
singers. “Mysterious powerk hoyer‘round Ws
slibinet fo our eal! All thik? would” have}
sronied tilracnlana fo our wrind fathers, 504
{ said.the Kalsor, who is part Soolch bimad
[PHOTOCOPY]
ho” engineers are the trig”
more useful slater nnd ar
{thoy have played a grentpert inthis dean
Tormatton, ‘the sona of Mury ‘nay ‘pel all’
well enough In their place, ‘although I cons}
Teak myself, at a fora Just exuctly to tind a}
place Sor thew, that redonuds aiveh to thelr 4
Jeredit: la thia‘everyday world, Wasean seat
Tite 'ngo for hem aed? caunel, bhelp the
thought arising at the moment’ (hae tb ney
be very mueld with? then as" dosh! Billings
sd about puoaquitoes;-doublless the Lard:
-madé ‘all ‘things well and’ therp swan some:
reuron for. maklig yosquitoes, bul he wished
A turd been wo carrauged hi!
they would only bite those
One feels something of t
he-views the gay; Kportih
of the sons of Mary.
'Thore was more of Kiplicys, Inoluding
quotation from “M' Ander i Sry
thon he’ coneludad: phere # Hymna, and
' . 1 o
1 trast that this efub te to gee nny euoh
happy reunlonsa an we have to-night, There
are very few things tn life inaredestrable,:
more Denetloiad, (han a good Inve. “whe
Mo brightly. OF atl things be ontimlstte,, Jo
vot teawakoat nleht troubling yourgeltn bo
problomy that have i way ‘ot wolvide théme,
selves, nnd above all things dou't yorry about,
(he republiosbe Ie ai right,” She: by’ the!
Intent and hest of the great natlons, built upby)
the best apecifications, up to date, of the bent,
materlal, the finest grade of Vanadiiun steel,
‘warranted to stand all weathers and to: glya'
4a’ good account of herself’ uuder any? cone
_ ditlons (yal ever can prevail, 7 fee he
i Gentlemen, inay the Intluence of dhis otub
1 Mnon you bested that ta after te idmleda
cans tine fan be yours st Uhlak mysel€ tn notice
“hug etde so happy ts tan soul remembeyrin ‘i
dear friends.” ee TONG ieee
The orchestra tvok a whirl at “Th
Merry Widow" walt ut that’ juctul and
Mr, Carnogio, Mey Mdison and Mark ‘I'wain
formod a trio of their’ own, ‘It was ro-
ported: Inter that what. Mark. really sang
TOAD ite to And the wan who yt
ko to find the wan who wrole ‘Tf
Merry Widow" walt, Uae te Wrele The
After John Fritz, the voleran steolmaler,:
J had talked a. few aninutes and. had pre-;
sented to -Mr.-Carnegio on behalf of the’
Fenginenrs an engrossed certificat ‘mom,
bevahip in the clu, Mr, Carnogi ‘
EAT eiuit, Uncle Jolnst hin!
: right, Unole Jolin;* he sald... “e's
part German and part ‘Soote ie ee.
_can't beat the Scotch part. |The last tInie
Ttaltd to:the German’ Emperer, ho ‘sald
‘Mr., Carnegie, you're a man ‘that? dogan't.
like Kinga. do you?’ ‘And, I'snid ‘No, f
don't, ‘I like the man behind’ tho King.’
J * tHow about King Robert. tho “Bruce
‘of ‘they
blag”
eS ea
i
aaunie th lng whey
felvolouat ives
ee
"There's tt King you like.”
“But Wallace firat!’ Uisaid,
PG, after all” the Kaiser
, after all.) the Kalser eal
Dpating the Hooteh.: Che. Boot
ye
‘tuch' olovoror than the (Gorman
Germana ara tog lon. . 1 pelcarrs
‘onatinasler Martin told’ the ‘engi :
that Mark ‘Twain first cane to: thie’ town’
‘to see. fho world;-in 1863, with $2:or°$3 itt
change in his pockels and‘a ten dojlar. bill?
concealed in the‘lining of his coat,
ntaeihe, wena ‘ALE Sev orks Kal
. Martin, “and’ wo are: stil. if
Pee ll cor iad pneeaine: 4
"VT" did come hera, fifty-four’ years’
.boid Mark, an ho etdoud ip in hia Olirietend
tree olothes, the big ‘cigar waving’ over th
‘audience, “tn' friendiess*qnd. Tsolate oir-
; cumstances, But T haye "prospered since
‘then ang hayen disposition toaquander my.
eae, ; Phe trouble : T can't .get bold ‘of
it, ‘of tiene trust oompanies Ins
ou-taking care of it for me,” "thon: hi ele
iy been bad pone i ndeom
here to-ntgit. Asa matter of fact
1 expected (heim, ‘heyy were gratifying,
Vile $4 tho fant tne | shag appear anywherd
tn New’ York ifter nightfall, |Chorus of
Oh, don't say (hal!) > Bub Lhayen't’egme’
eve tei .
sipyaelt) L know how It feels,
4 rnegie, contided to me that ha’ yas
unbarraaned. “It-is always no whey, one gely
fgmpllinents aud-compliments only. g ”
“Phat man knows (poluting to Mr. Carnegles
hut there Is another side of him which de-
eryea censure.” Why, look at his face, beam.
ne wit hi fictitfous. Innocence. Laughter.)
fou'd think the man had vever committed a
rime fu the world!“ What. about hid pertifer-
Qk siviplitied spelling? > Why, i'A a calamity
Bw -both” alder of “the ocean. -Joryuemady
uly “abed a little blood, but thls-nan Carne-
de hue brought dingater to the human race, |
hiteemueele inne tiaye meant well, but
how thatnobods’ can spell anything,
orrectly, Vdvaliuotred-pur-orttrourachy ent
oe wrong end, "ly went after gle sytpplond
atead of the dicane Itself The reat Uisenae
Y the confounded alphabet. “Ie fnan't a
eal. vowel jn it, or a real couronant, far that
tatler, } mon of definite wvatuen: Jooks ut
ione Inferual gonaonanta,
Consider ‘thes i'q “dietribuled
Lwithoub anything lovaupport ther
deyjl'a the -usp ‘af i
know? (Laughter!
“puquinonia and” a: lot: of ‘other ‘wotds where.
Fidiouloustly out of place,< laughter,
Ws are
thous h
i. Adequadt
In, sherklu, I'd lke to
Vadiniva the Fi
because they} don't tare anything about them:
Tétinues ‘8, fellow’ shiver to thiyk of pbthists,
e 0 reform ‘would furnisti conmonnu!
Sat) h sdethiite pianotlons-to "perform, Wit 4
“tne pleht kind: of-on-alphabet aves wouldyfe
nded to'leatn how. to'ppell ut all, We'd silt.
learn’ the'alohnbet and after: that: we ‘could
ell proud -|
Whal the
Maly,
peared -to
spell any wofd in. the Ianguige. Atter all.
-what Uo.we care about that. ald aillv alpbabot,:
fa ‘wan Jovenled by some old drunken thief. ”
and wa don't, know-whq be was,
' . bhet there awa man here, who could spell
th
her priponer. ay the bai
vhat he'd inake of {t
Meno
“Tian try
but‘din’ privates.cWien ‘hes got
‘und thé chiduoek are ‘that. he
Oe we" had; adequate, copipelent:vowals,'| ;
with a Ayalom of iaccents, ‘giving! t ¢
vowel Its own soul and value, so every’ shade
‘ofthat yowel would be shown iniits accent,
there {a'pol w*word dn any tongue. (at we,
“That would be
(competent, ndegirte," simplified spelling, Uo
‘contrast, fo the elipping, the hale punching, ,
fhe earbupctes.znd the cancers which «o by,
ould not eppell a chyately,
‘the ngane of shnpiiged apelin
what Lo-w apella you ean
‘you tnow whidh tbeoww L
“ite 'a rotten “alphabet,
apelling! alow
aboul KUN sp
qualkehudtth
had: beeutleftial] plone.
vo ‘
aid made” pia
pliment after: compiling!
tg bhin- that tale plited
* but, pke.¢!
av
not fi Tiybllo, [ated near “Sundays |.
{when al} Dlatrionia exhibitions: aro prohibited, |,
: “thravgh we, |
wotildn't know whother It wax reptile or bird, '
¢ {would” give, Jy: :
tusks and’a (rans and’ rake Jb tay eed +
& tell ne’ unless,
mean, and $t is the
‘quimg with r-orw, Deo-r-e, andthe whole family,
of wordd. which werp born out of lawful wed-
lock and don't know thelr'own, oriuin.,
J * appoint Mr.
Carnegls 4o gel after fh and ledve aimplitled
1 * Bluplided apelling brought
3 the Ban kranclico carte
recent “hunitions depression, ;
which wo; would never have had if ppeltlaye
7 “Mead
lione. dU -have nodthedeMr. Carnegle’|
niore copsfortaliie (han he’
would have been had be received only come
at, and-1 wish to Bayt
apeliting 8 all clght,
buapity, you eur curry it too fur,
Iotcher and John Foord also |
Jplezdantyl Tlaht..off the bat unless perhaps
‘ and ‘goodness
Iike to-tear |.
eucly
If Sask you:
ea EA
Clippings
1908
mmeaman Interview tn his laboratory at
{ EDISON CONDEMNS |
1+ great inventor works,’ sometimes for J’
fen fon,
Time 5
1, 190K
P
eB
A
! .
“be given you tn a way that ts commer-
/ (Olight to Be 2,000...
iPASBAIG, Jan,.1—'Thomas Al
son, the greatest wiz:
the Edison ‘Works ‘in Llewellyn Park |):
to Mayor-clect’ Frederick R, Low, Isaac |’:
W. England, editor of Tho Dally News, | .
and, sevoral other, Passaic men - wha]:
were: Interested in_ the controversy
caused by Mr, England's protest
agatnat the Public Service Corporation
in ‘stringing high voltage wires in
Central Avenue, Mr. Edison gave his
unoquivecal opinion that Mr. England's
., protest, volced by the Board of Trade,
War a Just one and that the elty could
enforce tt without unreasonable hard-
ship to the Public Service. ie
The party visited the great Edison
. Werks, and, after.a few moments’ walt-.
"Ing, Mr, England succeeded In tnego-'
, Unting @ brief interview with the. wiz- i
ard himself. The visttors were ushered ||‘
ipto the dingy laboratory: where tho
ays and nights at a stretch, and there,
amld rows of test tuhes and broathing
strange pungent smells, they camo face
to. face with the man who has made
‘the whole world marvel, ‘and wore in-
troduced. Mr, Edison will be 6t next
February, but wore It not for hls gray |.
halr ho would took much younger. He
fs slightly deaf, but he js as alert
ag ever and his eyes are, wonderful,
siving you the impression that the
mind back of them ts looking straight
through you. His reception of the Pas-
rate men was most cordial.
Mr? Edison was asked his opinion of
high voltage wires, whether it was
safe to permit the carrying of from
6,000 to 13,000 volts of alternating cur-
rent through tho heart of cities by
* aerial construction, 7 ‘
.. “What is the proposition?” demanded
. the Inventor of electric lght.
‘It was then explained by Mayor-elect
Low, who ts editor of Power, and Mr.
“england that the Board of Trade ob-
jected to the Public Service Corpora-
tion's stringing high power wires all
. over the city for arc and Incandescent
. Hight cireuits, ie
: “Of course you want the current,
» Aand.of course you expect that it must
(ally .profitabte," sald “Mr, ‘Edison.
i hat, on I understand !t, you object to
{is simply the, passage of wires of high
voltuge through the streets of your
y clty, “Well, 1 may say that I do not
* consider your objections unreasonable.”
The’ suggestion was made that’ the
wires really ought to be buried, « ” ~ ,
“Tt -do not think: that is possible,"
sald Mr, Edison, quickly. “Such con-
struction fs very costly, and 1° think
‘you might break them" (meaning the
“Public Service.) i a
. “But' current of from 6,000 to 13,000
. volta ‘tg dangerous, Is it not, Mr. Edl-
son?” asked Mr. England. |. . _
“Oh, -yes, It’s dangerous,” replied
the inventor. . “It's dangerous, So ‘ts
2,000. volts dangerous, Two thousand
volts wil}, Kill aman, There - ls“ a.
chance; "however, through poor contact,
of a-man’s escaping with his life if. he
i-comes In‘ contact with 2,000 volts, but
“Mf the current’ bo of higher voltage ‘this:
chance of-escnpe js absolutely dono
away with? No man could eseapo. if.
ihe camo .in contact with 10,000 volts,
vlethus say, but such dunger “may,-be:|:
over-ame_ by proper.serial construc-.
etn * . *
haat hey ‘are ‘not’ giving’ us ‘proper
Be
-¢onatruction,” said Mr.’ England... ‘7.
Ahi" exclaimed. Mr,’ .Edison,. “then
Fo aphca bad ey A
p YOU muat-mako. them. I have always
j., condemned Improper handling of. alter-
inating current’/of hixh. vyoltage.: Up’
© injNew, Hayen’ they. aro using 20,000
Vs Volts: on) tho’ troll rc ui ell
ol gentlemen, they tire going to: hh
le? tiere,~:' They. have -killed,-sev
gta and tt f if LaTques:
that her. current
ts be carried - throu,
t is not unreasounble.” said Mtr.
‘emphatleally, Th
uch regulations elsey
been question of :erect-
at the city’s outskirts.
je current «lo
That would not bo
. yNor‘an excessive burden.”
: Mr. England
cthat when he,
+ an boy in the
Ang’ a atation
find stepping th
reniinded Mr,
Mr. Bugland, worked as
Paterson Edison station,
A one of the: frat
dison's three~
Andercent system
‘stations using Mr, 1
» ‘system, the entire ines
'. Was supplied by a 22:
rent, and that’ this systent
Edison, “cities ko
on can be profitably
volt direct current,
ttled communities
be sent constder-
ply compzratively |.
sumers this would
“Yes,” sad. Mr,
Passate and Paters
“lighted with a 290
ebut in sparsely, se
“ where current must
‘able’ distaneas to BUD
smalt numbers ‘of con:
_inot be commercially
iternating current of
to’ rave copper,
“ used is determi
jihe distance to which t
-,be carried and the re
7 iFived from its salto as
cost. of construction,
which will delive:
/ Ourrent at-low vi
more expensive to install ¢
Nigh voltage Is
and the voltage
med largely by
he current must
venue to-be de-~
fompared to the
ro. large quantity ‘ot
o
of current can ‘be
oltage or pri
t that the Nchting
4 yoltage of 2.000
fthin your clty! mite:
my judgment, be ask-
injust or unreasonable.
nt tobe fair-and
. and such a volt.
Judgment, bo falr. to
ny hardship’
) you gentlemen $§
company shall use
Volts. or -Jers “w
» you will not, tn
ing anythtig iu
{I take it that! y.
, dust with these peopio,
{aKe would, in my
them, would not
ifrdm sa commercial’ stan
would ‘Ko far: tow:
Jlves vf your citt
YHE.WAS. MIIRD,
LOR ee
ard safeguarding the
Ot oe
——
feHoTocer”
; RES RS 4 ashy : PENIS.
“that Bee nd, er sites te
a, Was-arr
ts n Weateo'a coin yobs ut
oe isms ae sci
Hotton,
who Ja a' leader In National Guard ‘elr-:
,cles and a social “favorite dn’ Orango,!
‘was meade, by Alphonse’ Westen,” con-!
retary Of ‘Thomas ee
and ,maniiger
ny statément,”
iE. ‘Gilmore, president of
-talned by jtho’ Mhonograoh Com;
burchasa Jand In, Weat Ora
+The" warrant ‘ was
terday afternoon and ‘given ‘to ‘Detects
ives Weymer ‘and {Gadtrey, ‘of the Coun-| «
ty Prosecutor's, ataft, ‘thoy Went to}
pt. “Horton's: office, . but ‘wos nott
hore and thoy had ‘to’ walt until Jate,
at“night until she -roturned. Ball was
furnished by -RobertLeaite, of Four?
Orange, i
eee
te this a1
‘An “American loves. his
‘any love lett over ‘tor
‘herson’ he" generally
btoraay ens, corm
“the? leadership 0
HINGE CO, OF NEW JERS
alking pmachines
etranufacture |
aT Charla
ee Ne Amith,: pe above gs st ne
ih oy
Tihovlon:
fechinctie nic
helr ‘parts ‘through ‘the agency ‘ory
on, tie stage, : controlled tsims
the’ operator of “the ema:
‘erent upart> of: the ‘theatre,
a
ey i
phy Athek. ofthe Hub ‘Theatre on his .
Sast night. . Tb
sty sb
hine,h in mi i ate
ia: the ‘first . time;
that) this: form of entertainment - bas: beer:
used in, thiaicity, and: withthe: oxception:
‘introduction in. New. York? clty,
«Tt, made.'a dec
is. bound.to: become popular in
“his, weok's ,feature’s 1s. ent!
jMAt uthe’ Dehtiit’s,” “and
sercamingly funny, manner the ex
of a French Indy: having
jer
i (thtenda* that: thease’!
hall ‘remain a‘ p
deplets -tn fa
AR ON CANNED HU
CONTINUE CONTEST.
{ip (Boued; fresh: from: another “coliel
£< muslc-loying iBosto
a: wiilreagh’
——
vip she crwht !
fagainst the Apollo”
(rlor advised the dis nta‘tha
bev decided: favorably‘ to “tho musi: )
ters there would bo no need of further, log}a:
‘Nation: to’ protect thom and tho authors.an®
‘composers:. “As a matter of fact this case,
sito. bo argued before the Supramoe Court.
jaa 44, but the composers have: decided to,
ypush.for. thelr loglalhtion. at«once, Jetting
sho “decision of tho Supreme ‘Court, If: at,
pis come along meantime, iat
‘named, aro moving. on, Congress”
from that enigmatic body what
}icve’ to be thelr rights in tho, mal
copyright.’ Officially tho war. wil. ba cou
‘ducted by tho’ ‘Authors’ and Composers’
Copyright “League of: America,‘ of whish
‘Messra, Herbert, Sousa and Do Koven are.
‘respectively prosident, treasurer and, honor
ary, sccrotary, and- practically the com~
osers will havo to’ como here In as large,
‘numbers as thelr purses will permit... ‘Thoy:
‘willimeot tio statcamen fice to face and’.
toll’ thelr own stories; and before they are
through .not 8. mamner of clther branch |
iput,will bo reached, °. eae
eerie ght faa continuation of the aglta~,
‘ion of last: year aguinet tho forces of tho! i
ithis Iotter.. Tho most: noteworthy contest,
‘go-called ‘canned music’? or mechanical » Q
‘player, ‘people. “It le called a “fight ads: ‘nsido from this of tho composera, will coma
: for hundreds of thousan ‘on the. proposition of the playwrights to
yusediy, at. stake, and It Is doubtful ; iiave réincorporafad fn the law tha provi-
‘miro. strenuous worle will be, put in ‘overi wion making [t punishable’ with {mprison:,
‘anyother, measure before Congress this. {rent ‘to steal a play, *. This 1s ‘opposed ‘on
'year,, Tho question did not reach a, vot itho ground that {t would cause innumerable:
tthe-Jast session, although bills_were ine: Mmatours throughout tho country, of hith-
odticed in’ tho Senate py Mr. Kittredgo° jerto.sood’ mornls and stainicss , personal’
“of South: Dakofe-and in ‘the louse -by-’ ats ‘records, -to.pino behind the bars If found
‘Curriergf New Hampahira, the latter aa infringing on the ‘rights of the Clyde’
‘man ‘of: tho. Committees on Patents to wh! ni |Fitches -of tho'day, . ee
‘the, Houso, measure was referred, The eit pe*In~liis-connectton, however, 1¢ may..ba!
‘fayored by tho composers is Introduced, th 5! snoted’ that “another. modern development
y Mr. Barchfleld of Pennsylvan faa] yWhich ‘gives moro -powor to the drms. oft
a member, of the Commilttea”* on
: Br
In: Accordance with thelr” plang; Sonator,
AAittrodge again introduced his‘ bill yestor-;
(day, “whila" , Representative » Barchfield:
Promptly fod ‘his buI"In the House. Bot’
i¢over tha gencral question ‘of’ copyrigh:
And. have some other features of Interest
Wwhich ard not covered by the, discusstoniin
jthe. composers Jn. thelr struggle Is tho *s0=/
icalled automatic. theatre. . Under cxtating
flaw..the author with his‘ books and ‘tho.
Mlaywright. with his plays aro ‘protected!
iigalnst reproduction by publilshors or: by.’
diving. actors, but it. 1s sald that: there’ 1s;
; wa Dilla wero virtually {dentical.. ox:
rant with reapect to tho eclobrated “pai
'graph B" of the Senate bil, Swhich con-.
‘tained, 8 tho other did not, the provision :
“which tha: composers: destro’ 10 neyo a ‘no-protection possible ngainst:-the automatic
‘acted into law. This. paragraph declared, ; Rhoatre, which mechanically” reproduces :
in brief, that the copyright secured by’ tha, ine scones, words and musig of A rodlises
‘act shal} include. the exclusive right (toi opera. ‘These. fasdlnating. entertalnmonts
‘the author and | composer “to. perform ¢ yee ‘aro belng developed al! over tha country,
‘copyrighted work publicly: for profit, ange in. theatres bullt especally for. them, ty i
‘mako any rearrangement of, resptting: of. a dhe financlat-stake Involved may. bo ‘easily
or of..the molody. of st in ‘any system, Oty Mmaginede ==. on aly.
notation ‘or, any.’form of record jin wnt reAWithin: & week ‘iho ‘componers’ lobes
the thought of fin. author may bo, recorded; [itso Jegitimato.a he (eomipeaten Iobby,
‘dnd.:trom which It may .bo read, ‘or roproc} iboats 10d, iil} bo in full swing hore, and.
faucet He Yer ng ‘thevatatosmon’. will -bo tredted to more
He Te timont epeerdes to ceptain that igma’ of ‘music, than they ever heard
imay he almost unnec aia: lovbofore. - Hearings on i
‘thls elauso’ extends ‘to compoaers and a BI the bite wilt
9 :) given; and. both sides will straln thelr’
rotection agalnst the reproduction {ot frosourcesto the utmost to create a pubs 1
thelr works by means of proforated masta} Ne’and congressional: opliilo:
Tolle, as {n the caso of mechanical plano: 3 Hola cates, : opinion favorable
Gregan players, cylinders: or siiac- uae Tho public, which pays the -bills yw!
Ghonographs,.gramophones, ote. This WAS) lover: restrictions," may; : bo: Imposed,
opnosed ‘shy ithe’ manufacturers , a that’). fnuch Interested in/thie’ situation, whether!
a C \, that) knows It:or not; -bit according: to ‘nol
thors, p
|
a
pls. and musle elle ot ground. iH
sed, would ¢ it acdording tt
at, Peering contracte-enteréd,| { eats people. will’ be put to no
nt1902, botweon certain: music publ! :
{nd‘a' manufacturing, concern, ‘glyln:
that corporation, a-monopoly of tho man!
Hacture of, perfornted. music rolls, “and tag
this combination. would povgreatly ‘strength:
Gned by the enactrient-of: such a! provisions
Tn: all ‘fairness, howevel
his; reason.
nA 0 royalties ba:
ordorod Ypaldby;Congr:
hiv, pepredentatlven’ ott
Sfhortorated
lane ra .
tind,7as" tho: company.;retorred:t
aly. perforated: music rolls; whilo.t
‘ot-qvlinders.'and discs 3 s#till 0
ad; isaue.cfs, chowave: i
} mposers; shall! rocol
sedan:
mi
ude: rae 5
atUnited’ Statosrsit
gatiltywaak brought} by,
—-—
i
Si ek
Among the arrivals this morning for the
oyent is Dr. Leo De Forrest, of tho wireless
“ telegraph and telophone company, who has
hat, returned from tho Fast, where"ho in-
stalled the wireless service on some of tho
ships of Admiral Evans's fleet. . :
“Pphis was the’ largest vessel equipment
Laver wnderlook,” declared Mr. De Forrest,.|.
; : . “and. it’ is: a most comprehensive demon-
en Bie 9 a Hite stration of the possiblities of tho wire-|
' fens of Thousands’ of Taint |e a sin te.on
‘ i * (he. De Forrest exhibit is.ond of tho in-
1areie ae Se et f .
Will Tilumine Novelties to teresting features of tho"show, -
, Tho Kahn electrical sign writer wan
‘Be on Display in the ° tried out Inst evening for the benefit of
ae Lee severn] ofliclits of’ the exposition, inelud-
. . Electrical Show. ing President Samuol Insu!, Vice Presi- |:
; Z dont E. 3B. Overshiner, Seerctary Stewart
\ eS oe Spalding and many of the directors, Man- |°
‘ ager” Nicsz also gave the advance’ visitors
; Re n momentary glimpso of his. d ti
EDISON TO PRESS BUTTON | ry it es i ale END imp
. ee ee The’ show will he ‘kept opens every day.
|| for. ty + ceoks: from 10. o'clock in the
41 10:90 at night. 9
et
(Interesting Entertainment I... ; =
ies
. ‘Arranged for Visitors Dur; *
! . ing the Two Weeks of Rael
“the Exhibition. .
oe
ee x is .
When’ the electrical, show opens this
evening at the Coliseum, visitors will tind
many surprises -uside from, the unique
Jighting ‘effects and the ‘tremendous dis-
play~of “electric sign Writers, Frenipou
equipped flats ‘and ‘other indystrial and
houschold. wonders, Jw tho basement. ‘of
the big: building, for. instance, will be a
miniature theater: containing .the Brennan
pyroscope, ' tho {ransinitaphone , and seve
cral electrically “propelled” musical instru-
ments. :
The theater wilt be a kind off sideshow
do the main event, and to the crowds that
are expected on opening night tho “annex”
awilt bo quite an acceptable feature,
Entertainment Plan Is Broad.
‘Manager Homer FB, Kitsz has mado ex-
tensive arrangements for thedpening, and
everything is being done to, convinces the
‘public of the merity .of tha exposition.
Sofivenirs will be distributed to visitors,
At exnetly 7 o'clock: Thomas Ay. Edison
nt Orange, N. J, will t
— whieh -will flood the-Goliseum with light,
“and then the full decorative scheme of the
ghow will be revealed to the public for the
+ first time, Not less than 65,000,000 candle
power will be utilized, and; nearly 50,000
incandescent lamps will-bo in nse, 2
Tho great central dome around which
“ho decorative idea is’ conatractéd carries |.
Ch thousand lights, .and..- twenty-fotir big
Mectroliers are equipped with 60q lamps
cach, Festoons of Inmps stispended from
tho ceiling and around -the booths utilize
thousands of lamps, and the'esterior of tha
building. reqiires more: lights than any-
body ins timo to count. res
Onicago, Tis Vest
\-\3-08
K i
‘ “Demonatration ‘of. the
f the Edison Phonograph
Arlee renee
ing: cons
ucted ; this “week at’ tho ‘store: of ‘Tha
taatern ‘Talking Machine Company,..177
{Tromiont strect,’ by Mr. Brian Dunne,
‘special -representatlvo. of. tho department
jof languages of the International Corre-
‘spondence: Schools of Scranton, who: is
jusing,.an Edison -Repeating . Phonograph
Hin: tenching. French, Spanish, German,
and: )Engsilsh—four languages, ench”. of
‘which ts efnptoyed by more than 50,000,000
‘people’ throughout the world. . - been
#'Che system fs both simpla and unique,
fandithe voice of the “professor” {s. re-,
imarkably clear and distinct, A striking,
{featuro of the ‘phonograph'a work “as | a
Hangunge teacher ‘Is. Its adaptability for,
irepetition—the ‘aceret’ of succeasfut' lan-
iguagé study; by the simple pressure: of
‘axlover tho machino‘can be: made to re-,
jpeat over ‘atid over again: any ret: of
'words | or. phrases; more “than this, a,
yword’ or phrase can’ be. selected at ran-
idam“by the uac.oe a newly dovised Ane;
‘dex: pronauncer and guido book, and that:
word or phrase can'bo made pronounced
just is-though ‘a professor were present.:
This the phonograph not only teaches’
Janguages,: but.” answers . questlons in:
‘them... - Sana, oe
UA-cordlal.-{nyitation :1s° extended ‘to tnd
4
Hie*toshear:a‘snmple lesson,» es
te 1-Maee, - Oitizait .
Tee 21 us
(TOLSTO! Wik, KE
~'-. PHONQGRAPH, RECORD.
*
plas?
\ y i .
to ¥asnayn .Polyana, Russia, ‘Web. 20.
p= Count Led tolsiol has tocalved from
‘Thomas. Ediegn. a phonograph‘ ofthe’
jlectos inost” Improved: patte a
ig With the Instrument: came. n: otter:
‘from. the American {nventor ‘express-:
dng: hls high regara for Count ‘Tolstol
sand requesting’ the.’ Russian authon.
ito-send him a phonographic record 0
hig. own voice. | Consequently Coun
‘Tolstol wilt return a cylinder bearin
several interpretations ‘of. tha’ texts ‘of!
Flo. will”
ste eawon's Git: to’ Tolstoy. }
AXASNAYA™ POLYANA, Rusia, -Febri
ary.:2L—Count: Loa. Tolatoy:. has ‘irecetyg
from Thomas A. Ei phonograph {%
thos lagfest ant most improved” pattori
AWith; the. instrument’ camo. a “otter, troi
18 “Anierican inventor expresalng. lily hig
regard for Count Tolatoy-and requestin
that. tho * Russian © author. send Anim
hovographic -recardof. hia awnvolci
consequently, Count: Poletoy owittet tug
XX
aioylnddy beuringssey nterprotat:
bfstox! aS berehos oy Ha rwilieapen
Enigilah,' 71 of-w he. Recmal
tere. 7253!
Mass.~Tovenay
: ] PAT ky
CHRISTENS IRON MAR
"NO. POLICEMAN
WIT WHSKT =
Landry Is Haying the Time of His
, Life’. Collecting Rubber ‘Tubes
: From Gramophones When Offi-
© cer Bulls =CRS Two Months,
; i
* Industriously slashing off the dangling
rubber tubes’ with tho car pleces from
the gramophones In a ponny in tho stot
amusement parlor in‘Scollay square and
attempting to peddle them as o com:
bination of ear trumpet for tho. deat
nd ‘dtrigibia shower bath for, tho dirty
during a“moment of exhilaration, Frank
Landry of the Bouth End yesterday
Started on a two monthe’ eontence! for
jhispleasures of the day before,
}Landry had wandered“ Into the Place
junder the Influence of Hquor and first
attempted to make a record ‘on the fron
{man? with the punching bag stomach,
{but ‘because tho dlal of the mana face
jretuged to reglater.-he' smashed ‘it in
with’ a whisky bottle and ‘succeeded tn
turning the dial to three Pounds farther.
:fhon: Jeffries ts alleged to have punched:
iH. then started. to collect. the rubber.
tubes with the ald of a sharp knife,
While the officers were scurching for tho
imun-who smashed tho ‘face of the fron
iman. into fragments, and the Jog had
succeeded in collecting about thirty’ feet
‘of rubber tubing bofore Special Ofticer
-William A. Dunn accosted. him and ate
tempted to place him under arrest, 4
; Landry evidently. Inbored undor * the
Ampression thatthe officer was a shin
that needed christening, and, although
‘ho-did not have wine, he liad some-
thing stronger, and he broke tho’ bottle
of whisky upon the. head of the police-
man. ' Rae ue aE ge
{He romarked in court yesterday morn
ng that hé thought ho had been arreat-
ed‘for wasting whisky, but he was aen-
‘tenced to'a month for migchler, a-month
* for-aasault and ‘placed on probution on
the--drugkenness charge. He lias no
permanent: place of residence and*Judge
‘Burke. ordored: hint zsent sto..the stand
to serye hig term, isin
1° HEE RETAE
i rag wl
UK MANA TALKING IGINE”
os: fo: «manufacture: tahoe ner
Ca BELA G + $30,000), + Incorporatore:
jBlackintg: an ki
sGeorgn..C
New Yorkeced
wot wee ves :
{ —The reMtorced concrete warehouse of
ee ‘Victor Talking Machine Company, of
men, NOs 7 Phila-
pIPhi\ architects and engineers, is now
Practically completed, This structure,
which fronts on Linden and Point sta, Is
162 ft. long and 123 ft, wide and .cont jista
of four stories, with provision for ewe
additional, The column, floor and roi
construction ts of reinforced concrete; the
walla are of brick and tho coping and allls
of bluestone. Tho lintels cyor the door
_ and window openings are of concrate,
Tho exposed fronts will be fitted with
wire glass windows, Tho building 1s
equipped with two freight elevators and
boller accommodations, Including wash
rooms and lockers on each floor, The
boller room 1s in tho basement. This fs
one of the many bulldings which Bal-
Unger & Perrot have designed for th;
Victor Talking Machine Company.
Ame
oe) (TAMAMERPIE
‘yA es 8
* own
dl FULL TIME WORRK™
Hpteh t, Conn., Industries Rapidly Re!
cS bovering From Depression. !
i, .Betdgeport, Conn, Jan. 13.—-Industrint;
‘conditions in this city, which felt the. re-
“cent fnunctal, stress probably as carly aa
sany jn the: country, arg:greatly Improved, |
:. The Columbia --Phonograph’: Co... which
employs more than q da, hos, .rosums
ved work: tn.’all departs pats.~Qperations
olther .on'-full; time,or/ atime schedulo
Which fs only allittte short: ‘of + full,-.have
cbeen resumed by "the Sinker. Manufacturing
GO. the American Tubé"& Stamping Co.,
ithe Bullard Machine ToolCo,, tlie Loco-
‘motlve Co., of america, ‘the, Union. Type
Writing Co., and the Salts: Textile Man’
facturing Co. ‘These Industries givo .e
ployment of more.than-10,000 highly. sidlicd
tmen. "Many. small:
yout: material -for.;th
jalso-'resumings: 3 (38/2
ATV MORNIN, TELEGRAPH
17.1908
{ot 357
‘factory vith
Natlo - poche new,
“pietures that ‘will-act :and 4
forge “atid sing, making possible to,
odites, plays’ and. operas. without:
idl: presence, of ‘the. actors and
i som ae an eanibii
aera itepiny: of che picturesplays, aud
(teu pe ising c reer ly etvchbce peice fr
——
the compactness. of "the. apparatus com-
mendg .ft; .The wholo putit, talking mn-
\] chine: and ‘ pleturo | “fauchine, exclusive
ofthe bulky horn, can -be packed in an |.
ordinary sult case If necessary.
vA company hag baen formed jn Nowarlt
to, manufacturo.these moving picture an-
nexeg to fit talking machines, with Mr,
]:Valiquet ag ‘prosident, Otto. Zimmerli os
vico president, Willam Arthur os treas-,|_
Uror and W. Perrier ag secrotary, It is
‘proposed to soll the machines through the |,
‘ngoneleg ‘of,tha talking machine, com-
\Pantes, of which there aro about: 8,000 in
‘this: country... It seems Mkoly ‘that tho
-Janimated“attachment wilt glva a now fm-
potus ~to, the. phonograph-graphophone
business find. atvakon new interest In tho
music. by, Mustrating it. It will give o
'greator ‘Impetus, : ‘however, ‘to tho moving
picture industry, which is:growlng stead-
dly.-; Byen’ now, “thore Ja a: ‘system by
‘which. films are leased for,a dollar n week
ta'tha publi | ‘axhibitors, ;and~ tho . Photo-:
‘phono will undoubtedly. create, ay system
‘] of. household jcircutation, ‘Thera~ fa ‘no
Mmit.to tho moving -pletitre, production’
and the lms do not ‘require experts to
manipulate thom, No, price has beon fixed
‘for ,Photophones thug far” but the proba-
I
cluaive. ot tho tatking part, wili-bo placed
upon the’ market: for $5. ‘Mr. Valiquet
an-expert mechanie.and’.hng “reduced:
no: working. parte” of ‘his: maching, to the
utmoat..simplicity, conslstent..with® practi-
eal work. ;, His ‘perfected machine :.was
: ‘tried. seth success one even)ng this month,
Hjou Theatre, .on Market atrect,
with’ n; number .of Mims of: a: thousand,
‘| feot. in’ lerigth and went. through the noe
fermanen ‘without: tho slightest -hitch..”
‘was:hia dirst chanco to-try it with an are
“ght. a demonstration at his home ort¢
‘Thursdpy. night: was decidedly. satigtac-
‘elsbach gaalight,. a the
‘tory’ *
Janter Ne 3.
The \tompany .1a going ‘on . with’. tho
anual furs. of the photophonea. In Now-
fh oe
4 talking .machino. will be abi¢
jto.run it. in connection swith’ moving plc-
‘My en /..It’-is.. part -of ‘ the” ‘company's
achieiia to put’ ono of these machines in
ery: town; or: city .whero ‘talking ma-
yhines: fre! ‘ald, for demonstration in the
thor Gel in’. machine;
vy rapidly: ‘profected, with ‘appropri ate!
‘ale, After tho .performance iwas yor ;the:
¢,: exclusive :of..tha’ Victor: and its’ |'
eit, te a Ittio ‘marvel, in Sts
: who. \prodiiced the * ‘atso,
talking: Jmachtrie. (tho + szgnophane), sand: | |
Was ‘retained for nine years, tinder salary, “was nattarwird: taken®
iby, the, 'Untversal Talking, ‘Bfadhine: ‘Com- "|: Ati Alsmall’ foller- screen: SO}
pany, , which was sueceéded by;the : ‘ in tripod. elght’ foot: iwelghed - “lens - th:
{athe :inventor of-the “Photophone, --The:| from .the, table, wpan- which . Was” pliced:| Jantorn : “and “the?
instrument:is.an adaptation of:tho ‘mov-;| an‘ordinary Victor. taliting: machine, {The
ing-picture. machIne:to:uny ‘form’ ot. tau! compact little picture ‘machine. waa quick: "
ing’ “machine, one:-worklng dn: congonance ly: connected, to: the talking: apparatus by.
“vith the. othor ‘ ra-turn.of: wee screw. and’ tlie: lantern,
253Tho? siniples iy 4 “Welsbach ight, waa 0
ia tliat anybody ownlng. a, falling maohini
can’. attac! compact’ ‘Uttlo.. projecting: rJecting.. from: thd, rear..of.* the
RENTERS pictures” A‘reel! of lm :plets,
accompaniinent,, of:|:and: when. the mysic * t
Phe? Pictures: « tira erator tired a rank’ ‘ayd ran "oft: 2 themé
i Notas Pit the’ horn‘ ‘or-mogaphone’ | ct - ofta* ‘German:
to: tho: ‘muchine,:! Just? hang, up: 3
‘talking : machina of. ny
‘types ‘ can if
rattaahiment/at
inmonts..‘Tho < Iinter
olectrics lights,
hroughs the. prevailing’ atylés oft
We disp!
jorna,
<ploturesup to ‘twolva: by: fits;
(
-bitliy fa"that the” whole’, apparatus,, ex- |
——
Using Assumed Names.
. Se
Deception by Edison-Bell Representatives Disclosed in
London Trade Agrcement Fight—Sending Outfits
to Greengrocer’s Shop.
In the recent London appeal of the National Phonograph
Co., Ltd, against the Edison-Bell Consolidated Phono-
graph Co., Ltd., for the purpose of protecting the agree-
ments between the National company and their selling rep-
resentatives, the case being decided by the Court of Ap-
peals in favor of the National company, as reported in
Tne Music Trapes recently, some interesting testimony
was given as to the manner in which Edison-Bell repre-
sentatives got Edison machines from the National com-
pany.
he evidence that was given showed that two persons
named Hughes and Leach, connected with the Edison-Bell
company, applied in assumed or fictitious names to whole-
sale dealers in the goods of the plaintiffs, who had en-
tered into agreement with them, and that Hughes and
Leach, after signing the form of retail dealers’ agree-
ments in assumed names, obtained the National Phono-
graph Co.'s goods with the usual trade — discount
and then transferred such goods to those for whom they
were acting, viz., the Edison-Bell or defendant company.
One of the fictitious addresses given was proved at the
trial to be the back entrance of a greengrocer’s shop, in
the vicinity of the residence of Mr. Hough, the managing
director of the Edison-Bell, company. The occupier of
the greengrocer’s shop intimated that his instructions
were to forward all correspondence and refer alt inquiries
for one Austin to the house of Mr. Hough; and witnesses
established the fact that the machines purchased by the
individuals with the fictitious addresses were conveyed
for a distance apparently in the direction of the fictitious
addresses, and then the course altered and all the goods
delivered to the premises of the Edison-Hell company in
Charing Cross road or elsewhere,
The Judge at the original trial held that there was
no actionable or legal wrong, and declinéd to grant an
injunction, This judgment, however, wis unanimously
reversed by the Court of Appeal, and an injlinction granted
against the Edison-Bell company,.together with an in-
quiry as to the damage which the plaintiffs had suffered
by reason of the wrongful acts on the part of the de-
fendants. ;
—++9———
Music Frades, WY.
\-2S~68
eer Joa
weatcatage Taal bs Is not: maintat anaes
the production’ of theatricals of.the Inst
a8 above wenttoned,’ though. such
B..01 ‘thelf
"jucrr: OF PERSONAL PRIVACY.
Thonwa Ae eon the'noted inventor,
8," Edison son = -Palyform Man-
ufacturing “Company, :67: Atlantic -Re-
porter,..292,. Sranted* anInjunction: by
ae = ow-TEerscy”, Court .,of Chancery to
prevent the’ “unauthorized * yge: -of. his},
Ajname: by. another “as'a. part of, its icor-.) °°;
.| porate title, or, in connection ‘with ‘its
T- |business or. advertiements, his? pleture | §
a- 49nd. his ‘pretended certificate indorathg|
> [a remedy which ‘such other fs-engaged |Lo
p- [in manufacturing, : compounding —ac-.| ,
a2 cording to'a formula. devised by Mr.
+ | Edison, though: he Is Hoty, a: -business
‘of :;competttor. ~ .
Lay. :
ALIENATION. Wire o% eo
Tr:
BEGTIONS: Ofemont ie ‘Hike: many, iy
tates, has ¢ stitute: removing:allidisa=
bilities upon, a. wife: which are: not? im=
Camden, NI
Post ~Teleq fowA.
|-27-08
_TPHOTOCOPY]
THE ST. PAUL DAILY NEWS,
) stbtebtebsiobdleteeteltelotoblelte heb bbehteeebetleltettetettort
lof
+ Seven Wonders of Today's World
i Eclipse Old “Seven Wonders” |
hl bebe leldlteitelebiietleleleh delvielelteletellellelebtloblellebtelelele pels
y
LF
y
|
—
_
PSA
SSS
~
- i
ron Ut eu
mally MYT
mah
WN
Pris
TTT ak!
ThA AHO
po/A
ml
a Wil
htt
at
WH AER
ALTA
HERE ARE THE SEVEN WONDERS OF TODAY'S WORLD
This 1 an great age, ave you evor, ‘Nhe new wonders of the lust few]:
stopped to consider $t? Every age | months are: f
has Id Ms wonders; nono greater New Yorl’s 48-story offico huitding.|)
The new 30,000-lon oeean greybound|1
(han those today, Dusttanin. 1
The seven wonders of tho world] ang war alrships being perfectod In]:
were stupendous In tho Alexandrian} pypape, 1
(ines, ‘They stl weigh heavily Inf Marconti's transatianife wireless tol-|1
the balanco, ‘vel they are surpassed by} ography.
the accomplishments of tho Inst few
months,
Present day renlus knows no con
fines. ‘The dreams of the ancients ave
the realitses of today. More than ever
hefore ne man knows what a day muy
bring forth,
Fauey if you caw the leaders of the
works'n affairs of the long dead contur.
fen dropped atpon tie earth tadoy,
What would be (hele Tinpresulons of
aur up-todate methods of travel, com.
munfeation, manufacturing, Mving aud
Ic you will, even thelr one-time favor.
ite pastime , mankilling?
What. would thoy think of ever tho
pyramids compared to the new 48.
story bntlding ug wearing completion
Jn New York?) What of the present
day wonders on overy lind?
The carth’s sovon wonders, ot and
how, were the goods. Tt is no dispar:
agement of the old jo say that the new
are more woulerfil ‘Che new wor
dera adand for so mueh more of mate:
rlat progross,
The powerful electric lacomutive for
rallwaya,
The camera phonoaraph
lllson'’s = $1,010 conerete — liouses,
bull Tre hours,
‘Theso are by no menns tho “seven
modern wouders o fthe world,” they
tro the seven wonders of today. ‘Thoy
exemplify the commercial spirit ott
ihe thnes; are prophetle of future
wonder developments, They certalnly
hol down their side af ‘the scutes
aging the wontors of 907 B,C.
In their peculiar ling Inter creations
have not surpassed the old wonders,
These were;
The alate of Zeus at Olympta,
Tho hanglng gardends at Babylo
Tho colossus at Rhoites,
The Matsojoun ot Mallearnassus.
Tho pyramids of Mgypt.
The walls ob Babylon,
Tho temple of Artemus al Mphers
Of these ancient wonders all th.
rentals are ihe pyramids an dtl
rulng of the walls of Babylon,
ee eee eee
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885, .
Na...
e '
H
H
FOR, ssacesasassussiovasivcatedosacacooesdeniiecsse
From the
\ ji0Nll-PRrs
ie seston :
NEWYORK cIIy
Nis," 82* fo
, “uci
From .: 2 Pau, tine tes
Ws a4 1908
First, Best and Largest
INCORPORATED 1885. “
Now a
Fotssgneser
PTT
From the
| eas
WestBroaDwhy
Newyork (Ty
: Wy es ( _
| [hace i
pn Yay RY eEpTOS
ya 29 4908
Thomas A. Edadn, in letter to the
Chik THBME tays of his Intest in-
ventions “Lam in receipt of many jet-
ters regarding newspnper articles des-
cribing a cement house T am about to
ercet, ‘The, writers of moat of the letters
have misread the articles, and J take
this oceasion to expinin jual what |.
propose to do, T have now a model, ;.
one-fourth the sizeof the house, dealgn-
ed by New York architects. ‘This winter
Lahall construct the iron motida and
devise machinery, whereby a full sized
house can be cast In twelve hours after
the moulds are In position, Atthe end
y
and the house will be complete, Inelud-
Ingatatra, partitions, mantels, nth, ele,
be ready for ocoupmucy, ‘Vo Unltd this
erected on sandy solls, 04 the imuterial
exenvatel for Use collar fs nil that, ls re-
moutds will be about $25,000, Une cost
of the’other machinery about $15,000,
From this outfit an vulimited number
of houaes ean be erected.” .
of six days theiron moulds nreremoved |:
and alter drylug six days will probably |;
house for $1,000 1 is essential that It be).
quired to bulld the house, except, of [-
course, the cement, Nhe cost of Hhélron |:
[PHOTOCOPY]
Coit
ori.
Some mannfaeturers then”
mented with and adopted the Inciined |" First, Best ana 4 argest '
wed A oo
rotary Iilu—n long rotating frebrict):
IIned. cylinder set at, a slight’. angle] };
from the horlzontal, Into the woper 7
end of which was fed' the powdered
raw material which was gradually];
‘worked on to the lower end against].
@ flames of oll which caleined ‘the ma-|'
‘terlat into clinker. But. the! high'.and
Cuctuating price of ofl rendered this:
miechanteally perfect method of doubt:
ful commercial value. Sake age Gee oe
In 1895 ‘and 1896, engineers of. the
‘Atlas Portland Cement Company, do.
vised and put Into successtul: use" ane,
paratua for burning pulverized coal) ©
in rotary kilns, Coal was ‘cheap and’
plontiful, and the ‘cement ‘ Industey: >
was quick to recosnize its ‘opportunt!!
ty. ‘The effect of the. Hurry. and Sen;
man invention was revolutionary, |
ed, The old vertical kilns~ were;:.dts-
mantiednnd made’ over ‘nto’ rotary,
burning ‘inak, “New : plants ‘wents:0
td ; magic all ovar country tral
using ;potary, Idina + pulverize
coal: . F “i a eas RAN
ein 1897 the produ HoeiPortland
cement.in the: «Sfateatamoatint
red ito Cn oe eintene Noman
dayelopmont*haa'boon*eyan, mors
“Id, { they Sutptic“ 1rd B09, mage pALA Ey"
mora;\than.’ 8,000,000 ‘parrelapiands)n}
19007 exceading “,46,000,000/batrela: it
fa: doubttul!'whather? any,sothorsindy BS
thifln}
4
try has-shown 80 ‘ritpideaygpow
this country, The, Hurry. ‘ad 8
Invention ‘was introduced {int
Jand and in other: cotintriés ‘of
with equally’ remarkable iresull
tical kilns belng practically/aba
{ed In favor of: rotary.-Kilng: using,
Mennwhile, Hurry? and ‘Beamal
tained a patent on their inventior
the Atlas Company ‘wndortook’ |
“wert thelr rights therounderFor-y:
‘the industry rosinted’ until" tinall
‘fore, tha) United » States,’) Court
Seranton, Pa. TS sit ah Neate oe ft
“The ense was not .alloweil\to go to
Judgement, however, ‘As: immadiataty.
after'the hearing ©’ numbor ' of. the
most fnportant companies, of the Je-
high region, Including the defendant,
camo'to terms by agreeing to tako‘out i
Heenses” recognizing the Hurry -and.
Senman patent and to pay substantial
voyally. tert at . "
Tho North American. Portland, Co-
nent Company Was organized in the
atter part of 1906, lth: | eaplital
itock. of $10,000,000 Naying among
ts purposes the taking over fram the
Atlas Company of the Hurry and Sea-
nan and other patents and the Ilcens-
ng theromder of Portinnd » cement
nanufacturers. eae vive
“Another marked advance in tho co:
nont Industry. waB due to Thonings A.
Eidison,. who devised’ new burning
aling, together with several ¢ unique
methods of fuel consumption.” In
particular, he designed «and: had pat-
ented a rotary Kiln-160.fest' long, ‘and
f to 8 feot in diametor, -Laving “a daily,
capacity of from 700 to'1,000 barrels
of cement, Until, that. time, tho‘larg-
ost kilns iu use ; were 60 to’ 80 feet:
Jong, '6 and G feat in diameter, with!
a enpaelty of but 200 barrels’ a! day."
Hidison’s long kiln was universally!
“rt the oldor manufacturers. ;
But its success soon proved. thel
criticlam to be: unwarranted. Olce
suvare of = its posslbilities, cement
manufacturers proceeded = to avall
themselves of the Tong IdIn—without
Mr, Edigon’s consent. More than ‘one,
halt of tho . Portalnd coment now
mado In this country da produced 4
idling ofthe Edison type. + Me
During the next few years’ the growth os P.0.Box
of. vie trade wee phenomenal. On tl lf 1847 0 ;
abandoned as fuel,‘and’ cont substiinte L nC Peaee
| Peet’
a " Allentown, Pa-—ltem.
INCORPORATED 1835.
No.....
From the
jours
WesTBROADWhy :
NEWYORK (Ty
@ 7
“WAN 2B i
DahosMans
9 ast
TT ATnouncomentswis’ mide, ,
ak tha arganantan' ot te a) oe
huainutactorersot ithe! jcounts Wnge)
the # jut pe
aT HE
tho" nama of "the “Assuclatld)
consed’ Coment - Manufacturo)
cludes: the ‘ NorthyAmorican!sPgrtlandg)
Cement* Company, ‘The ‘ Atlaa;y Alpha}
Anterlcan,' Lehigh, ‘Lawrenco fand"-Vul-
canite. Cement companies and othon
Amportant concerns ‘in tho Bast'and
‘West. The assocfation wlll control all
ithe! patents owned by the Indlytdual,
concerns, including the’ liprry’ and
Scaman kilns for -substituling :pulvers!
Jzed ‘coat for ‘oll: as fuel, The Hurry
and Seaman patents, ‘heretofore: con!
ttrolted by -the Alpha company, have
jbeen the subject of #lx y ns! Hilgas
Hon among’ the cement manufactur:
TAIL oxisting and properly equipped
feement plants wilt be namiltied io
amombership ‘tn; the assvelation, ‘tho
officers are: A. ly Gersell, Vice Presl-
‘dent and General Manager of the Af-
‘pha Portland Cement Company, res:
iident; Conrad) Miller, President of
‘the Doxter, Portland Cement Com
pany, Vice President, nud Alfonso De
peat qe Prosidonts of the Alpha
ement Compary, tt
and General Manager. 2 Becreey
Nearly 70 per cent of the outpul of.
the‘ Portland cement Industry In Unis)
country. {8 already represented hy the
agsociation, this being double the an-
nual production in Great Britain, tho
ploneer Portland cement manufactur:
ing country, equal to the combined
output of England and France, ‘and in
excess of that of Germany. = * ‘
1 In the ‘80's, n fow far-sighted’ Amor-
dean“ manufacturers undertook to
Manufacturo Portland cement on a
lnrge scale, employing the vertical or
bottle kiln method then in” use oma
Burope. This method’ was: so obvions-
ly imperfect mechanically, however,
that the growth of the Industry was
very slow. In;1890, the production of;
Portland cement In the United Stntes,;
Was legs than 400,000 barreta, ‘nearly
arora pement consimed in this
» about 2 Ang
Patt 500,000 barrels, bens;
. Mr, Edison promises to mold, with concrete, three-story, two=
Sas Tnaaeaa re
woe "7 Wit voree -
JANUARY
z290 8
VOLUME Xo = on
NUMBERIG4A
Mz, Edison and his family on the porch of their home at
Llewellyn Park,.N. J. ‘His daughter, Miss Madeline,
isstanding. Theodore, the younger son, is seated by his
mother, and Charles, the elder, is at his father’s right
ps
Fromm ateveonraph. Copyrighted, 1907, g She
by Uniderwood & Uniterscowd, NY. Ge ay Ditka
ay
THOMAS A. EDISON IN 1908
“All Newspaper Reports of My New Plans Have Been Misleading,’”’ Says the Great Inventor. ‘‘I
Want SUCCESS ‘MAGAZINE, in This Article, to Set Them Aright.”” Mr. Edison Will Revolutionize Ns
Flouse Building by Erecting Homes That Will Rent for
$7.50 amonth. . He Hopes to Abolish Squalid Tenements
will be more nearly a miracle
By ROBERT D.. HEINL
than any that has thus far ‘ : :
made him famous. The dean of American inventors says he has been dis-
tressingly misquoted and misrepresented, especially about his latest
invention, and uses this opportunity in Success MAGAZINE,
exclusively, to correct erroneous representations of his plans,
nomas A. Ebptson, the
indefatigable, will ac.
complish, in 1908, i feat that
not far from New York and
Philadelphia, as an experi-
ment in finding a solution of
the problem of relieving the
congestion in great cities,
Under the Edison plan, building homes will be little more annoying or
complicated than the expressing of a wish. It will be almost a mere
matter of waving a magic wand. . :
o + The owner chdoses ‘a’ park on ‘which he °°’ ’
is to build his houses—for they are ‘to be
~ family dwellings, everything but the kitchen ranges, with
‘give an uibiased opinion, have examined Mr.
the same case that a pound cake ig shaped, - It will take
only twelve hours to “pour” such a fiouse. A thousand
dollars will cover the cost, and $7.50 a month rent, per
family, will pay the owner a profit on his investment.
This achievement, it is hoped, will sound the death’
knell of squalid tenements. - With the aid of ever-extend-
ing trolley lines the man of small income will be able to
live in a veritable suburban mansion at less expense than
the rent of two miserable rooms in a crowded,
noisy city.
Henry Phipps, the philanthropist, and
firchitects and builders employed by him to
Edison's invention, and have pronounced
it practical, It is Mr. Phipps's intention
to build colonies of, say, 1,500 houses each, ~
A model of the new house that Mr. Edison will build from a mold with concrete,
fr can be etected in twelve hours, he says, at a cost of only $1,000
manufactured in large numbers, exact dup-
licates—and then selects the kind of houses’
he wants poured from models exhibited,
The builder has the houses erected. on the
lot next morning, that is if- he’ can ‘be-in-
duced to work over night: ‘ Some bolting
together of iron frames (later to be removed),
some mixing of concrete with ‘sand taken r
from the cellar excavation, some pouring of’
the muddy mass into the mold, and_presto,,
the. trick is done. OE eat
Astounding as this achievement seems,
the most wonderful of American originators
explains it all. . :
“Thave constructed a model for a Queen
Anne cottage, and next spring I intend to .
build a house of this. pattern,” says Mr.
Fa
ao
Aan ee
ERTS
From a nteseupinphs Copyrighted, $007, dy Emterveed ot wal,
“The Wizard" in the ceclusion of his private laboratory
perenne ot ae ay =
‘
Edison, coatless and hair tousled, at his laboratory in Llewellyn Park, N. J;
‘| 'm going to put her up in twelve hours, or try to do it—don’t forget that!
The expensive part of concrete construction, to-day, is the erection of °
Ley wooden frames that can’t be used again.
5
i
i
‘
With the aid of molds, it is
possible for any contractor to build a house of solid concrete, 25 feet
wide, 45 feet deep, 3 stories high, capable of housing two families, for
$1,000, with plenty of room.
“The most important feature lies in the molds which are of iron,
for the concrete is anybody’s, Wooden framed concrete structures are
built section upon section, after each section has been allowed time to
solidify, This takes an annoying lot of time, varying, according to the
size of the building. Concrete in the iron frame can be stripped in six
days, and the forms erected on another lot.
“ By pouring in concrete, which is to be hoisted to the top of the
house and dumped in from there, until the mixture fills the mold, it will
; be possible to complete the structure in twelve hours, Are you on?
; “The forms are of cast iron and for $1,000 the entire house can be
i built. This includes heating pipes of concrete, ‘staircases of concrete,
i mantels of the same, roofs of concrete that won’t leak, plumbing, wire
conduits, and even bath tubs of concrete,” he said, speaking vigorously.
“Such a house will stand forever, ‘The houses which withstood
the San Francisco disaster were concrete, Fire insurance will be a thing
of the past with the new dwellings, Children may play with axes, but,
chop as much as they like, they can’t injure the structure,
be no'need for repairs. ---
“But here | must show you the ‘model—you™ haven't seen the?
model,” the inventor broke off suddenly.
The Inventor and the Model
Then he hurried out of the room, almost on a run. “The Wizard"
is sixty-one years old, but you would n’t think it,.to see him ascending
the steep stairs to the floor above, ‘The writer, a young man who thinks
he is tight on his feet, took two steps at a time, but Mr, Edison kept his
‘lead, and had time to take a.key from a secret corner under the stairs,
Nand | to unlock the door of the room where the guarded treasure is kept,
‘before the follower’ arrived.
. Sure enough, there was the cottage, and a beauty, too, “tt stood in
the middle of the room with a background of several crude wooden
phonograph horns, a grand piano, some batteries, a dust-covered auto-
2 matic piano player, and stacks of. phonograph record boxes. 7
Mr. Edison smiled, and said: «Is n’t she a dandy?”
“It surcly is,” was the answer—and my honest opinion,
“1 worked this out with the man in mind who gets a dollar and a
There will °
SUCCESS ‘ MAGAZINE
half a day," continued Mr. Edison, his face still animated, “In New
York, Chicago, or any of the other big cities, a man isn’t able to get
much of a flat, for nine dollars a month, say, and at that price he is
usually in a pretty disagreeable neighborhood, Deduct ten cents a day
car fare that he ‘d have to pay if he lived in the suburbs—it leaves,
roughly, seven dollars and a half, ['’m aiming to build the new house,
so cheaply that it will be possible for it to be rented at that price, :
“The man formerly cooped up in the city can, without paying,
more, have a delightful country home, with plenty of fresh air, light, a
garden, and lots of room for his children to romp in. Such structures
would do the growing country an immense amount of good and not
harm the cities. Jt would be a healthy move and everybody concerned
would be benefited,
“Tt will cost the contractor $25,000 to get the molds with which to
build the house, but he will be able to build an unlimited number of houses
with one set of molds.” These eventually will be of all sorts and shapes,
We will aim to make them more and more artistic. This, of course, is a
detail te be worked out. For instance, in the present model we have
‘arranged, that, if it is so desired, there will be no upper balcony, That
part may be detached before the dwelling is ‘poured,’ in case it is to bea
one-family house. You see in this house each family is to have access
toa veranda,
“Don't get the idea that I'm going to build these houses. My
task is working out the problem of constructing what may be called the
foundation house, I'm simply going to show that it may be practically
done, and will erect a house here, as | say, within the next few months,
But, judging from the numerous queries, and the many persons who
have visited me to talk about "the new idea, means will not be wanting
to make the plana reality. “Already | am able to convince the most
skeptical that [ know what I am talking about.”
, Mr. Edison's Versatility
elt is a far cry from phonographs and storage batteries to cement
houses, but it shows the versatility of the inventor. Oddly enough the
cement house idea was worked out by Mr, Edison as a diversion, at least
he announced on his last birthday, several months ago, that he was going
to knock off work and have a little fun experimenting, This is the first
word heard from the playground, except that he has so far perfected his
storage battery that it will live long enough to stand charges to carry a
truck over fifty thousand miles. ‘The perfected battery will pull twice the
load of the ordinary truck, will have double the speed, and only take up
half the space. It will modify, to an extent hardly appreciated, the
congestion of the down-town streets, for an electric truck equipped with
the batteries will be half as long as the present, unwieldy wagons, . Being
twice as fast, there will be only one eighth of the present congestion in
the streets under the new system of speedy motor trucks.
But Mr. Edison is n’t talking much about storage batteries these days.
In fact, although volumes are printed about him, he is always reticent.
Writers become so worked up when describing his plans as to,displease
him with their enthusiasm. © He says they seldom get things straight.
“T have been repeatedly misquoted, ‘The editors never send technical
men to talk to me. No wonder artictes get in upside down,” he ‘says.
“Folks are too impatient. | predict a thing, and if it does n’t happen
the next day the public is disappointed and thinks | don’t know what
I'm talking about.”
Ten-Thousand-Dollar Men Needed °
Thus it is becoming harder and harder to get,an interview with
him, and woe be unto the cub reporter who approaches the’ inventor,
especially if he comes forward with paper and pencil in hand to take notes.
“Don’t do it, don’t do it!” the inventor cries, an expression of
agony crossing‘his face. “The man who takes so many notes is: the one
who gets things balled up—and I notice little of his stuff sees daylight.”
Mr. Edison, however, takes a deep interest in young men and offers
them much. encouragement. ‘To-day is youth's zenith in this great
country,” is the way he cheers them on. -
* The’ United States is starving for ten- ‘thousand-dollar men. Cor-
« porations are actually, clamoring for-them ; and the, younger the better,
But the man to-day must be technically “educated. Modern industrial,
“financial, and: commercial-conditions . are.more complicated . than ever
“before and:it takes a trained mind and: a level head to “Bet to. the front, :
“In the technical world we could stand, a. dozen more institutions
like the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Great concerns such’as
‘the United States Steel Corporation gobble up the graduates as fast as
they are turned out. [had my name.on the college's waiting, tist for a
time, and ‘so it goes..." :-
“The demand for. educated mien; chaps that have -brains, exceeds
anything that I have ever-known., They re doing the work; too; _that’s
why more.are wanted. So now is the time for the man who is going to
make something of himself to get busy. If he, is any good he won’t be
out of a job long; not-much, There is entirely” too ‘much work and tag,
ne of the right kind’of persons, to do it. ; |. ;
“HF ‘you don’t believe it,, take a peep into the” gigantic sant a
concern like the’ Bethlehem: Steel ‘Company.’ : Yes, sir, we are .starvi
for brains—or ten-thousand-dollar men, if that way of putting it appeals
more strongly to the young American instinct.”
And Thomas A. Edison, although he says he is playing, would be a
\
es —
January, 1908
pretty good example for the young man to pattern after. | It is doubtful
if many could stand his pace, even to-day, but the training would improve
their wind, P
“The Wizard” is in his taboratory every working day in the week, and
is so deeply occupied, that oftentimes even his assistants hesitate about
disturbing him, ‘There are no frills about the place and few persons get
even a peep at the mysterious interior. Allowing that they get into-the
little guard-house sort of an office, at the entrance to the stockade, this
sign does-not give them much encouragement:
Thomas A. Edison Laboratory
No permits will be issued to ANYONE
under ANY circumstances to go through
this laboratory.
You can’t even see the man who calls to you through a cubbyhole
asking your business: “Have you an appointment with Mr. Edison,
and if so when did you make it?" z
Once you have satisfied that individual as to your identity, after
carefully trying the lock on the door between you and ‘him, he disappears,
but is back in a minute. 5
If Mr. Edison is going to see you he does not keep you waiting—
and as he sees and cross-examines everyone personally that comes into
his sanctum he has a job that would keep some men busy.
‘ His Long Look into the Future
If you are to be received, you are ushered to the second floor of
what appears to be a good-sized factory building, and, in a large front
room, bending over a rough table, figuring with a lead pencil on scraps
of yellow paper, the greatest inventor of the hour is discovered. He
appears exactly as his pictures depict him, and this makes one feel
acquainted at once, ,
If you happen to be an interviewer you should be prepared to be in-
terviewed, for he puts you through the pace and asks you to answer questions
that make it necessary to unlimber the thinking gear ina hurry, Elis kindly
face is made more picturesque by the storm-tossed iron-gray hair. He
wears his glasses on the very end of his nose and looks over them when’
talking. , His eye is piercing and his gaze steady.
He has grown very deaf, but he makes a brave effort not to lose a
word and lets little get by him, His audiences are not always short but
they are distinctly to the point. He does most of the talking and indi-
cates the finish by turning abruptly away. Here his wonderful power of
concentration is made apparent, for, the next instant, he is just as deeply
occupied with another person about a subject far removed from his late
line of thought.
He is not the dreamer he is often represented to be but a far seer.
Ata recent convention of war-time telegraphers (for Thomas A. Edison
manned a key in those trying days), one of his bunkies told how far the
inventor used to look ahead. :
Turned Theories into Realities
“Tom would lie awake nights thinking how he could make the bed
fold.up,” said the man who told the story. “Then he complained of
the kerosene light. Finally the boss fired’ him for trying to send and
receive a message on one wire at the same time.” :
Fromea dteveogruphs Copyrighted, 1907, by Uuideruud & Undeveoet, Xe Vs
Mr. Edison watching his stenographer taking a letter from his new phonograph, which had
been previously dictated
Ay
Front stercograph. Copyrighted, 1907, by Underwood i Unilerieood,
Mr. Edison and his ton, Theodore, on the driveway of their home ae
Edison kept constantly at work making realities out of his theories
and devised the duplex system by Which four men, two sending and two
receiving, may work over the same wire.
Then followed his quadrupléx and sextuplex transmission instru.
ments, the carbon telegraph transmitter, printing telegraph, the micro-
tasimeter, for detecting small changes in the temperature, the megaphone,
to magnify sound, the phonograph, the aéroplane, the incandescent lamp
and light system, the kinetoscope, and scores of other marvels. Once he
sent 5,000 words a minute by telegraph between New York and Phila-
delphia with the aid of one of his machines. :
For acontrivance, devised early in his life, after sleeping in New York
parks fora week and living on a borrowed dollar, he received $40,000 _
in cold cash, That’s what happened to the poor telegraph operator
who lay awake nights exercising his brain. And when one thinks of
his wonderful concrete house, it appears that “The Wizard” is wt
losing ground, : :
Mr, Edison’s simplicity is impressive. That is because he is
natural and sincere, He has a way of saying, “don’t” that is
the key to the determination that has marked his career. ‘This
tireless worker accents the negative softly and with a firmness that
is n't mistakable, :
He seems to be master of everything but that great, all-
enveloping mind of his. ' Notwithstanding the wonderful contral
he exercises over his brain, it often breaks through the, restraint.
Once fully under way it does riot let his body stop for food or sleep.
Hours run into days, and days into weeks; thus it goes on until
the problem is solved.
Mr. Edison is in splendid health, judging by his appearance,
and by the eagerness with which he grasps things that come to his
notice, Although he walks and moves rapidly, the inventor speaks
slowly, and seems tosearch for the word to express his meaning most
clearly. He stops quite frequently and asks the listener if he
understands. t
Mr, Edison predicts marvelous progress for the wireless tele-
graph during the new year, He regards Marconi as the man equal:
to the occasion. He does not think much of the possibilities, éf
the wireless telephone. A
He is much interested in.the recently announced invention
which makes possible signaling from ‘ship to ship or from shore to
ship under the waves. . He said that he had made experiments in
the transmission of sound through water, ‘and that the devel-_
opment of the new idea of water telegraph would occupy his
mind in the} future, .
|
21a Reena Se A,
ace
Pe
we @ bd
i Far
| DAUGHTER OF EDISON. ~
b__INVENTS auToisT’s map|
oe rr
MISS MADELINE EDIgON.”. °
Just turned 21, both winsome ang In-
tellectual, ts following ‘tho inventive
footsteps .of Thomas A. Edison, her
distinguished father: in hes
for years ‘past been: the inaplrattonal |,
comrade of her father tn his magical
experfmonts in the fled . of ‘electricity.
Now, In conjunction with her brother,
“Billy. Edison, she has. invented: an
Ingenlous sautomoblile road * map for
autoing. 5 t “sr es
An enthualastic autol » she. hag been
a familiar ‘figure’ inher hig 46-horse-
power Hotchklas ‘ speeding ‘along ..tho
smooth roads about-the Orgy igeg..: Thin
road map, ike the compass’ of ‘a ‘ship,:
ota on the steering column in a dust!
‘and rain ‘proof case, and ts'lHghted by
glectricity at night." « .
‘ond lald out In. the tour, being..taken
A eyelotietor attachment records tho
le inileg, and. a tiny -black steel bar :indl-
time, : i
» fur. $20,000 ‘from, her, father‘as, a. grad-
When a car fs speeding ‘along tho.
: cates the: location of. the car; at, tha
(a vg o, WD» forlrn
[feh)} 2, 19087
iMisn Edison was gr ya nat year,
Ane ted “Un pene
- from Bryn. Mawr ‘cal’
underwent ‘a thorough couse... elece
tricity,. chemlatry and the applied aci-
ences, She wag noted in collega for.
her intollectuat powers and took high:
honora’ in chemistry, Throughout her
course sho recelved the ald of hor
father with whom sho has always boon
a favorite. . to
"Of a quiet and atudious disposition
she has been much with her father in
his experimenta at LiowHyn’ Park,. in
Orange, Persons admitted to tho “Wiz.
ard’a" ‘laboratory havo .often been
pleasantly surprised to find Miss wdl-
son alding her father in: experiments
that have worked wonders in the clec-
trleal world. . : .
Miss Edison mado hor social debut
last June at a large lawn, party at Glens
mount, her parenta’. home In Liowol-
lyn: Park, and has recolved: much. at»
tentlon, | Miss Edison. has displayed
dramatic talent of. note. + Sho has beon
selected as one of. the principal char-
acters in tho Yuletide pageant to -be
given by Mias;Margaact Jorolaman in
tha’ Bijou: theatre for the. benefit of tho
Orange Memorlat hospital on Saturday
acternoon and.ovening of Nov. 21, . +}
» When Miss Edison-was graduated In
1606 ‘from the Oak place private school
at Akron, Ohio,’ sho. recelved.a cheek
uation. gitt, - sf P23 :
Godd ‘Gough - Medicine for Children an
S bul as
n and
Grown -Folka,. Tod, oes
cova hadi da without Cham
Biklyn, WY Fagle
?) 4, Oe
e
Geb ?
Te yas
i
daughter -of -ty7
tnvented an Ingentous 4
torists, For some yen
ind-loves to rin, Jt.+
‘ PPEMAL BD yp pe
VE CEASE
| ARE DOING
Miss Madeline, Edlson, the ‘L year ola
nior, has: just
‘oad map for mo-
TS -sho has! been
intorested inher father’s eloctrical ox-
Porlmonts ara” has been “able to. hotp|
‘Bled to hts) wort, Bho owns a, big ‘auto]
-—
ee
, wiihiNeryriny-
a 4 tier Mstening’ to delegations” from “the
Sijvor: “Luke: section ‘of Bellovitle. Towne
‘shipiahd oMelals of the townyhip’ on the
pespienition to. suinex Silver Lake to.New-
it deterred action for three, cwweeke,
Wil. . Boylan, counsel for Beljovitte’
neeting, of the Township Sottiioes
ij. “motion , by. - “Connntasfonor. opie
ald. ‘overs: ATO,’ gail
already haa, enotgh’: “tern! iy
ine! "needed ; Improveinents, and ‘anleas
Siverr Lake could : mate. equitable | ar,
Se for, aumexatton ’ he: old, ‘nat,
impraventent °. ‘awsoclation,. and “James
sbplham, .agcretary, favored the ane
ation,. claiming. -the ‘section. wen -un-*
oO Ret the Improvements . it aliould,
‘Mr. Berry. Insleted . that the” ime
ment association had-‘time ‘and, again
ted more Nghts, better roads “and
Iks,: but. was «never able ¢ tou.get
jaatlefaction, The people, he declared;
fited’ io be annexed to Newark #6:'the
mprgveinents could: be secured, and ‘the
emiasority ‘oC property owners were ° in
coe eases on one
il or- Newark onthe other side, to ge!
ie (RUAN cto Nobjections hy: the m1
oinpany to. annexation, he siid'
{about the Edison people? ‘They
farera“blg corporation, but I don’t “think
they: employ ‘more than ten. men and
they{come from Bloomfeld.. We want the
5 jongrof; being part of Newark. We. want
iNéwark te take us away from Belle-
ile
‘Boylan. ‘sald that ihe people “who
wanted Sliver Lake annexed to’ Newark
lywere: a.ismall proportion and that there
‘was’ no: ovidence ‘that. thoy represented
“property owners {n the district,
oho and Silver Lake people can have
4the: Improvements they want," ihe
€ontinued, “It they wlil stand the assegse
ment. -It's- unfair for. Newark to anriex
astat section, Belleville has done much
forthe district: for years, and now! when
‘Its ratables ‘get: to. be something it's not
Fight..that it. should be annexed to.some
othér:clty and | BelleviHe~ deprived or
thaibencits,”*
Representing. the “ddisan
Sliver: Late valued, .he ‘sald, at $100,000,
erhert Ws: iaeiinesties declared that h
ow, thatthe majority: of: people.
elite oonel nanezaton and
——
‘
t
1
’
‘First, Best and Largest.”
INCORPORATED 1885,
From the
3 A i
hs :
NEWYORK CITY
WesTBRoDWAy
. 1847 of A()
[tea 3
i‘ 4:
; Becre~
tary, and’ treasurer.of the’ compaty,
land’ several. other men interested, ir
{tho development ofthe company.~\'1.
‘was thought,‘when Mr. Edison's pres
|ence “here was learned, that he: migh:
jbe in Springfleld'on some ‘mattet con-
, nected with the establishment.here o;
;one of the. numerous companies. ir
; Which his father is interested, but Mr
Edison denied to a Union. reporter. that
; Such was the case, "> +
Mr. Edison’ said that’ ho and. hie
, associates had come here to. consult
‘with George W., McIntosh of the frm
of Mcintosh & Fullor, thia city, in
regard to, the sale of stock ‘in the Na-
tional Cement company, :.A’ number of
/ capitalists jn Springfield and Its yicin-
ity were seon with gratifying success,
it fa sald, |. ote
. Mr. Edgon said: that the. condition
of hfs father, Who was operated; on
; about 10-deys, ago for a” mastoid “‘ab-
* scess, ‘Was very much improved
.recent . Invention,. the:
time the house Js, "pour
and
that he. was now out of danger, and
would’ probably take’ ao
shortly to recuperate.: «
When_asked about Mr. dls
workingman's house, Mr." Edison, ‘sald
that the, molds. for. the’ house, were
now being constructed and that’a'sarnr~
ple house wae to “be erected: in’ West
Orange, N.'J., during April’ and. that
it would be ‘open for exhibition In May.:.
Mr. Edison's Invention {a designed
fill. a long-felt- want: and
workingman to construct ao’
a sum iin the neighborhood;. 90 e
Iron molds, the’ exact. design: of the.
Proposed house). are’ constructed and.
-aet pip in. the place, where It Ite desired
. Tarecho d
low and wher In; place liquid siment ta
molds
Piping i;
. Mr. Edlson,‘and party:
PS caed shortly af! id:
Lr
abe,
[PHOTOCOPY]
tase perc ion
i A writer in Engineering News is in
ellned to poke fun at Edison’s projec
1 for casting a cement house in a singl
} , mold, Following up the idea of cast
| ing plumbing Oxtures and pipes ir
i place, he suggests that dishes may be
t edst on the dining-room table and ar,
| ranged with flushing-rims and waste
Yke the plumbing fixtures and _the
trouble of dish-washing be done away
with forever. He concludes by saying
that "If the householder’s sensibilities
ure 80 blunted as to make him willing
to occupy a cement dwelling which fs
precisely lJke thirty thousand others,
presumably in the same town, he
would almost be ready to consider
cement napkins and cement bedding.”
eRe '
INCORPORATED 1885, ‘
NOs ssessonsecsees :
Far PATONG OS
From the .
pions :
WEsTBRowwAy 7
NEWYORK ({Ty <7
P.0.Box
hued
indept.
—
oa
what I propose to do.” 1 now’ hay
model, one-fourth the size of the house,
designed by the New York architects,
This winter T shall construct the fron
molds and ‘devise machinery whereby
a full sized house can’ be cast “in
twelve hours after the molds are in!
Position, At the end of six days the!
fron molds are removed and thé house’!
Will be complete, including states, par-{
tittons, mantels, bath, ete, and after!
drying six day$ will Probably be ready ;
for occupancy, y ‘To bufid this house for:
$1,000 tt ts esséntial that it be erected
on gandy soll; ‘us thé material’ exca-
vated for thé cellar.fa all that fs re-
“ured: to bufid the house, ‘except, of
arse, the‘ cement, , The cost'of the
1 molds wit!’ be about $25,000, the
of the othor machinery ahour $15,-
From, this outdt an unlimited
der of houses can be erected."
ela
se yoows
got woes i
et 0 OF . "
nto rR gS
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"ci 9 1508
From
DuLfalo Comrter—
2-95-98
| MOVING: PICTURES FORM A
GIANT COMBINATION AND IS .
‘THREAT ENED WITH WAR!
; Manufacturers. and Retailers from All Parts of Coun
wuy in Setapact Ont T niceten Trade «
“S.war in. the moving-picture ‘neta’
Which may affect not, only Am2rleail
exhibitors, renters, and manufacturers
‘of films, but .also those, of: Europe,
threatens, usa result of a. convention
inthe Lafayette hotel, yesterday, when
members. of the United “Film Renters’
Nattonal .Protectlve Axsoclation” met
the manufacturers’ association .to dis-
cuss ways tind meuns ‘to regtilute the
trade,- A common ‘ground was “reached
‘Ina secret ineeting, and a combligtion
formed to. regulate prices, ‘by athe: two
associations, A general advanceor 2%
per cent lu the prite of rental’ of-titms
to exhibitors was agreed upon; "um the
-manufacturers' body pledged, Itself to
sel! only to: members of tho Renters’
asyociation, which, on-tts part, agreed
to uphold the standard of the exhibits
and maintain, the prices agreed upon
” Italian Firm Outside,
The first rumblq of the approachtig
storm! ‘was ‘heerd, however, _ when the
4nterests of the Soclety ‘Italian Cine, fi
manufacturers, of Rome, Italy; cwere
seen to clash. with: the Intartsls of
Pathe Freres, who, with the patronage i
of tho Edison Manulacturing Company |
Log Orange, N, J., are .the. largest .ox-
porters of.. undeveloped films: to the
United Stateg..The rivalry between, tho
two companics, , in Eurdpe, has’ been a
matter ‘of several. months. It to gald
pyrotechnics ‘were in order “when” the
representatives of the ItaHan company
wore ignored on the floorof the conven~
.tion. ” Matters reached & climax, when
the'name ofthe Itallan ‘company was
-Jomltted from-the roster of those favor-
jyeble to the project for the uplift of the
Pu ness. ” “The Williams, : "Browne, , &
‘| GRIEVANCE COMMITTFE..
Zarle Company .. of". phttadetphila, j
‘porters, algo were omitted. The Amer!
ein: Blograph “Company, °
tought the Edison people in the courts,
tthe meeting.
“We mean. tight,” anid: LW. Ullman,
representative for the Society Italian
“The American Blograph Com-
pany Jy in a position to* increase , is
Js manufacturing *
spite of the efforts.of the Hutson
We. may, Join ‘forces
*, Renters Have Trouble.
, similar « friction 1s sald’ to‘ have ‘peen
experienced when the Renters’) Asso- |
elation recently. was organized.
tl membership roll of 120, but several
members are puld to be in revolt, and
not‘ only “refuse to‘givo thelr exclusive
trade to the allled Edison interests,
put openty to bave joined: forces with
the disaffected’ manufacturors, °
t the. credentials of some ‘ot
gates to." yesterday's conven-
tlon, wera’ rejected, ..
"We ure prepared to cast jn our tot.
with the Amrican Blograph: people, if
freedom of purchase ls denied us," said
iW, H. Goodfellow, -of:the Detrolt’ iim
“We aro not in sympathy
ith-any ‘treeze out.”
+ James) B, Clark, ¢
output, and it
‘of; the * Pittebirg
.Calclum .Light Company, is president
lof the organization, and’ D: MeDonald;:
attorney, “Is | secretary.
Representatives from'-many amuse-
ment journals in the country, Includ-
ing C. H,.Allhouse, of the Cleveland
Clipper and the Film ‘Exhibitor; War-
ren A... Patrick, of the, Chicago : Shaw {4
Rubinatein of «the,
‘iim Index, ond ‘a -repre-,
ftha, New: York ‘Billboard;
a endanco at the. convention,
a Now Yorls
——
ng Tepe er NON ES
wh manufacturer,
i vot .moving-
+ of, 000 combination o rom ‘royalties
toca
entimal a &
ian AIT recolve ever
Thomas 7 000K 0. - o “ds
te “ase ‘ot Ws patente a ie tee a. |
ye) ty
nt :
4 Mr, Edison said ti
al ‘ot the money. ¥
so ere ait
: oq would bave.
mania of eee deal of It.
—_—_——_
eerenemrretct nt |
kijown. yestorday through’ an announce j con fro) which tho Edison people will ex-
ment that the moving picturo manufacture orelke over ali the moving-pleture con-
‘tha present tho connect«
ing Interests-and the concerns which rent | certs will be for
machines have combined with the dison | {ng ; link. . :
Company to- readjust the conditions, under Sng: result of this combination will be.
which the business 108 bean conducted, | it ‘ts sald, 0 cleaning up of the lower
The. combination represents upward of}clays | of movirg-plottrs shows In. this
$10,000,000). of capital invested and several and} ‘other cities. ‘The Edison Interests aro,
tifousand places where moving -pictures } said to be determined to force the isgue
afo on exhibition. casi on thig tine, Tho manafacturert arg willy
: ‘o ‘Thomas -A. ‘adeon:the abandonment | {ng |to ald in this, for the limination of
of all opposition to his patents means anit cheaper class of moving-picturs shows
LON Lincomp..patimster para eae nravent..the Use of worn-out films
A Fomor f year, Tho Presidont gf one of Arid WMT SVS MITES: PaET
the largeat moving-picturo manu facturing the better clags shows and lead
concerns in the country sald yeaterday | thei to buy, otter equinment,
that $1,000,000. would bo a conservative pe, manufacturing firms in the com-
estimate of the Annual return ‘to: Mr. | binjitlon are the ‘Thomas A. Edison. Come
Fidlson on the moving-picture patents, NOW | pa y of Orange, N, +. the American Vitae
tt at his rights aro conceded. | * gra h Company ‘of this city, Belle & Co..
i Xonrs REO befora tha moving-plctura | and, Kalen. & Co, of, Chiengo, Patho &
Wusiness had’ grown to anything like ita | Mejiiers, French manufacturers, and. B
sresent proportions, BomC manufacturers | Lyspin of Philadelphia. Ma :
‘cgan to contest the Edison patents, first) The renting men hopa for jottor, prices
those on tho camera, with which tho piot- [unger tho now arrangement, 4
ures are taken and later those on tho} ‘Tfhomas A. Faluon was the ucst “fn
yarlous parte’ of the machine, put all of} tergiger, Auditorium at a dinner of his ome
the patents wore uphold. : ea in Newark, In honor of his sixtye
That put opposition out of the qucse | firs birthday. About forty persone word
tjon, and tast “Saturday, and Sunday. ‘a| sentted, around 1 tablo bullt in the shape
cpnvontion was hold in Buffalo, at Wwhteh of) large, 13. In_placo ot after-dinner
the ‘manufacturing and the renting men | spe;
‘ e
Opposition-to the Hdison patents covor-} o eed to o joint submission, There is no Po eprinte i tho cccasion, Mr. Edison was
de “Inito organtna tn and it wns <said ly guest. ‘
Ing the production of mmauing pictures in Mite orga there ts not likely to bo o the only Bee
every dotall i y
'y all is at an end. This became ce ‘gation of manufacturing firms. Tho =
wo ation of manufacturing Hm lie el
Enids' in Favor ‘of the”
een Inventor.,
$50,000,000 “1S ‘INVESTED
i . = :
Manufacturers Yield to Edison and
: Cheaper. Grads, of , Picturea--
Will Bo Eliminated.
ere were moving ploturcs ap--
a en
F. RANDOLPH, TREASURER —
THE EDISON |
END TO LIFE BY
“Just: walt, please.” Mr, 1 int “I am convinced that hly mad ‘act
n . Randoip! Was due’ to inherited Snsunity., His
. if i poe isatd to the chauffour. “T will be with 8
~~ ‘ on os brother died several months ago inthe | £ a ar est.
. ee he ae ; 7 i Stato Aaylun for tho Insane at ‘ren- —- First, Bes Ty g
: Pe ae E close ne door, went into Eton, where he was on inmate. Tecan | ED 1885,
? bis) smoking den, secured a double | recall that on ene eccasion Mr. Ran- INCORPORATED ;
- } j . 9 barreled shotgum, which he has often |dolph absented himself for two weeks
wged as a member of the Mountainside | from hs business, with no'explanntion. | Doc. .sscosseseseees
Tnvestigation revented the fact that
£ ¥ pa re Gug Club, and- walked down to the mane : i ‘
Lf cine or Page ERT MN 2h acura cansccconas
Fae . There he took 4 peker from near the The brother referred to by Mr. uai4 ‘
ee : furnace and entercd vcoal bin, Place [son was Gtorge F. Randolph, of Me- |, From the
; ic =d {ng the barral‘ends.ovér tig -heurt and |tuchen, who died at tho State Hos-
oe, ae fi : i
“—-"“Tusing the poker to es ie pital for the Insane, at ‘Trenton; on
? Lee oe |aibstega bai etn eM Say at last Seater ethos gee ae ONAL Pap
j ~ : : sens . : ; ; ; a : i -e” .. | trotnendous'rehort and Mra, Randolph, estes el earn ray Ene 26: the 25 5
| WEST ORANGE MAN WHO COMMITTED SUICIDE ToDAY. | Wealthy West: Orange - Resident. Takes Double: |sic't-Secroi caves ee, oetaent. | Rast on recommlttad. threo’ or fone vesrBraovly
| a mt re Tig Ws ; SY cral servants rushed into the collar. | times later, ‘suffering from recurrent :
Dr. Randolph was found lying in the | attacks of insanity. NeW ORK aly
jeoal bin, weltering in: hla own blood, At tho time of the suicide, Vivian,
Peath ‘hed been Instantaneous. Mrs, } the W-yeat-old daughter of Mr. Ran- : Lh P.0.Box
~. Barreled Gin’ to’ .Coal Bin and’ With Poker
~3, Pallls the Trigger--Found by Wife.
- :
: sy
‘Randolph fainted and it was neces. ,dolph, had started for the West Orange 1847 ct 0
<a aeons , High School, A servant was sent after
Sary {o call & pliySlelan to réStore her ‘hor and she was brought back to. the Lu GEN
fo. consclousness,” abet tee home, where her father Iny dead,
-; Deputy County Physician Mute and H Mr. Randolph ‘was treasurer of the
[NEVER DID ANYTHING CROOKED,” HE WROTE,
‘v z Dr. William M. Brien wero at once ap- -Edlson Phonograph Company, the Na- |...
hee NSANITY. BLAMED FOR SHOCKING TRAGEDY _ | prised of the tragedy ond rushed to the sonal phi ety rsa company. Edlaon erm ;
ie, este ighn te = - Ceara maet ye ee, 7 PHouse: The former ut once pronouncea } Mtnufacturing: company’, 3 hg i .
. Jj F. RANDOLPH, treasurer of the Ealleon co) meet nen of mod- | Mri Irandotph deud and gave his optn- Portland, Goatent Cohn he dadlson “torarh " A.— i tvernhser.
crate wealth and a close ‘business and personal associate of Thomas A, } ion that. it was a case ‘ot sulede, , ° Pheen thirty years tn Edison's emptoy,
Edlzon for many years, today whot and -instantiy’ ‘kiNed himself {it the Thomas A. Edison, when told ofthe fand was one of the ten oldest men in - FES i ¢ 19.8
cellar; of his’ home at 73 Valley. way West Orange, Inherited insanity 13 | @8cds was deoply affected. He made | polnt of pervice in the employ of the rr
baa $ Peay . : 4} the following statement:to an EVEN- [| wizard of electricity. “
given as the Probable cause of his sulcide by Mr. Edieon, ‘ < ING ‘STAR reporter:" *: : Boridex acting na treasurer to ths
A number of Ietters, among which Was one directed to his wife, and which " +.
’ . 4... “John, F. Randolph was’ ne. ny |} Edison companics, Mr. Randolph was
was written last night, indicato that Randolph's act was premeditated. Inthe 4 best.'trlends, and one with who fies laigo private secretary to Mrs. ‘Thomas
letter to-his wife, which was examined by Deputy County Physician 8. A. beon “identified ever since the Mento fi. Edison. One of the letters he wrote
Muta, was the following romarkable declaration! mec
" Park days. He started work with me |i last night was’ addressed to Mra. Edt.
“. “I never did anything in my Ife that was crooked. I have alwe ys been
as on office boy, and through hits [j)50n. Among the other lotters wero sov-
. ‘| honest. Any property that I leave belongs absolutely to you and to our chile ability worked his way into the treag- eral addressed to the heads of depart-
dren) °°" : paniet : :
urership of all tho Jdleon_ companies. monts of the varlous Edison companies
Randolph planned his death with 2 grim determination that brooked no
“His accounts are ht ubsolutely sound |} None of those who recetved theye let-
> pessibility of a fluke: He personally answered the door-bell ring of Patricis
condition nnd he has ohvayx manipp- ters cared to discuss their contents to-
: ; . lated the’ finances of our com en dn |} day. é ‘
Brady, 2 chauffeur of one of the Edlson automobiles, who’ called for the a thoroughly business Iiive pinpenies a Mr. Randolph Was ftteen years old
, treasurer at 8 o'clock this morning it his residence, ae : St was one of the men’ I most highly |] when he started work for Edison. He
- —_— 4 J prized, both for his business abfity ard {| was forty-fve years old at the time of
= a ee ‘Jpersonal qualleles, afi a So Stes his death, - ae
t |), Denials were officially made today
q ij from the Edison offices that the sulclde
f iwas caused as o result of overwork.
\
It was stated that Mr. Rendtolph had
jevery possible aggletance in wis dutivs.
‘ y 4 i38 ke ad
Newark Advertiser
as ae:
2 1RMING RAM, ALA» yews
Usemiqchan Ua,
~ News
FEB AY jag
W reported in a eritical condition
lS
TREASURER ‘OF EDISON:
COMPANY KILLS HIMSELF
JOHN Ff. "'-RANDOLPH, - CLOSE
FRIEND OF FAMOUS INVENTOR,
‘SHOOTS -HIMSELF THROUGH’
HEAD, CAUSE UNKNOWN.
WEST ‘ORANGE, N.'J., Fob. 17.—
John F,. Randolph, ..treasurer of the
Edison - Manufacturing company, of
which Thomas ‘A, Edison ‘is .president,
.| committ@arpaeomemayeienc cellar of
his residence on Now Valley way by
shooting himself'in the head. It {s
beloved: that Mr. Randolph was tem-
Pporarily insane as neither in his busi-'
-[ness nor his family affairs was there
s}any known cause for such an act. ‘This
bellef was given further credence’ by.
tho knowledge’ that a near relative
became mentally. unbalanced a few
years ago. or . ® a
Mr. Randolph was private ‘secretary’
to Thomas A. Edison, and Mr. Edison
i] was one of the first to reach his house’
after his death was known, : “a
- Spring eld B.- News
FEE 17 1908
Mi :
‘ALLS HEL
‘por ‘issootarea rness} = |
WN. 3., Feb, 17%.—
Johi-F. Randolph, treasurer of the Edl-
son Manufacturing Company, of whieh
‘Thomas A. Edison Js president, commit-
tex aturtcenfithe Cellar of his residence
on New Vatley Way today, by ‘shooting :
hinisel€ In the head. It Is belfeved* that
Mr. Randolph was temporarily insane,
as nelther in his. business nor ‘his fam-
fly affairs, Was there any known excuse
for sucht an act. This bojiet was given
further credence by the Knowledge that
a near relative became mentally unbal-
ced a few yoara ago.
oe Aiphonse Woat, secretary of -the Edl-
| pon ‘Manufacturing Company, sald today
that Mr. Randolph’s accounts were ab-
solutely straight. ‘
Mr. Randolpk was private secretary to
Thomas A. Edison aud Mr. Edison was:
one of the first to reach his house after,
is death was Known, eed
[PHOTOCOPY]
MT, VERVON,O -REPuAL ican
Thomas A.ciubison: was’ threatened
with pneumonia, he could get noth-
ing to“relicvo’ his - suffering, At
length he tried" Ajax Cold Cure and
it cured the Cold at once, He al-
ways his “Ajax’ tow.“ 13
.
MommovtH . Tee. PE pve,
. Attias
romptly glyen,
EDISON'S SECRETARY DEAD
i
1
‘John Randolph Suleldes—Was Fam-
ous Inventor’s Financlal Man— -
‘
Books Not Examined,
West Orange, N. Y., Feb. 17.—(Spe-
cial)—John F, Randolph, ‘treasurer of
the “Edison Phonograph company anid
, Private Secretary ‘to Thomas A. Eul-
; 80, shot and killed -hitiself tovay fn’
iuieCeliar of his home in ‘this city,
jteday In the; collar of his home.
ELMIRA, KY GAZETTE
|
From e> C8 te
F, Randolph, treasurer of the Edison
Manufacturing |Company’ of ~ which
Thomas A: Edison is president, com-
mittedsuicideIn:the cellar of his resi-
dence on New’ Valley Way today, by
shooting himself in the head. . -
‘ItvIs belleved Mr. Randolph was
temporarily insane. It fs sald that Mr.
Randoiph’s- accounts. were absolutely
2orrect and that there was no known
rouble “in ‘either hls business or his
‘amily. “Mr. Randolph, was private
ecretary to Thomas A. Edison.
EDISON PREVENTS SERIOUS -
{°° TRAGEDY.
That Mrs, Randolph did net follow
er-hugband to death was-due to the
ograph ks :a€ West .0;
N. J. and -Private’secretary to Thome
as A. Edison shot and killed himself
made.
SECRETARY.
promptiand determined - action of Mr.
Edison.’ When he‘.reached the house
Mrs, Randolph was hysterical, ‘crying
out that. she would kill herself... _
..He_came upon her.as she was about
to throw herself from an upper -win-
dow,, selzed her und .after ‘a hard
strugle suéceeded in pulling “her back
to a.place. of eafety. 5 Sle 2s,
«Several letters left by Mr..Randolpi
showed {he suicide to have been de-
Nberately). planned. ..In one, addressed
to Mrs. Handoiph, he assured . her, that
provision had been made. whereby all
his property would go to her, The let- ;
ter declared that every dollar of which
he was possesséd” had been* gained
honestly and by “hard work,” <A
———————————————————
a
on a og a
Randolph had charge,of most of Edi- |;
son's financlal interests. No inspec-
hon of bis books has. as yet been
[PHOTOCOPY]
tele %
‘First, Best ano Largest.
“INCORPORATED 1638.
_. From the
Nye <
WEsTBRouowly
S MEWYORK CTY
- [Meare 7
Feom Atlanta, GaConstituyte,.
FER ‘18 1998 2 , safety, .
! Edison,
din’ Pra Seorelaty Goes
Into Cellar to Suicide’ |
.WIFE WAS SAVED BY EDISON
i . : :
. en
Inventor Selsed, Hyatertonl
Randolph aw She Was Abou t
any known? cause. for..such ct. |
This dellef wag given further credence
y the knowledge that .& Rear. relative:
became~ mentally. unbalanced -a few.
Years agos, =). * Sys eth :
‘to-Thomas A. E
was ofe of-t!
anda and c:
'y Savoral letters left
‘showed the: pulelde to
jiborately ‘plinned,
Addressed to Mra,
fured her that pra:
“{Mmpgde whereb:
&0 to her.
he first to reac
Biter his death was known
7, That, Mrs. Randolph
{her husba
] prompt a
| Edison, Whén
Mrs. Randolph,
ing her. hi
Would. kiN horaelt,
;| ed Mra. Randolph’ to’ ¢
Mr,
by
[SMe Ratidolph “waa” private ‘decretiry |
dison, and Mr, -Fdlson*
h his house
aid not. follow
nd to death was due to the
nd determined action. of Str,
ho reached the, hause
wag ‘hysterical, wring-
rying out that sho
Edison follow.
he second
And camo. upon her fs she was about
.to throw herself from ao Recond-st
rWindow, He solzed. the frenzied w.
;2n and, after a°hard struggle, aulceged.
od ‘in. pulling her back to a:
soe an
Mr. -Randolph
haye been de-
In‘one, which was
Randolph, .he as-
vision - had been
y, ail his property would
“The. letter declares that
every dollar of which he was posse:
had been gained hon.
estly and by hard
work, - Amon,
i other letters was on:
for Mr, Edison, and alga one for Ars.
7 HO sy, Je ulyorelsas
FEB 19 iWus,
QUSON PLANT I<
“STILLED OURING.
~-AANDOLPH BURIAL
Body ‘of Late, Treasurer, -Who
"Killed Himself, Interred in
: Rosedale ‘Cemetery. aaa
BORNE TO THEGRAVE .
BY FORMER ASSOCIATES
Friends Insist. That Insanity
* Caused His Act—Strange
‘Actions Recently.
eo
+
With many of the workmen of the
Edison factories paying the last tribute
of respect by attending the obsequics,
the body of John F, Randolph, tho ‘late
treashrer of the Edison concerns ayho
Killed, himself at-his homo In. Valley
way, West Orange, on Monday," was
Jald In tho.grave at Nosedalo Ceinetery,
Orange, this afternoon.’ Out of respect
the Dig industriat hive at Lakeskte
avenue, Valley road and contiguous
Blreels was silent this afternoon at.the
direction of ‘Thomas A, Edison, ‘and the
busy facturles Peet predictive
capacities at noon. Mr.’ Randolph's
former axgsociates: carried tiils* body to
the cemetery grave after services had.
been conducted by” tho’ Rev.’ Robert 8.
Steen, paster vf the Hillside. Presby=
terlan Churelh, . Sqre eee pte
Tho services were at, 2:50,. o’clovle
The pall bearers chosen this mornings
were: obert Bachman, » Alphonse |
Wextee, Peter Weber, Harry. Miller;
Vred Olt, W. 11. Mazon, Willium Bea
and C,H, Wilson. All the men are de-
partinent heads and prominent ‘oifcins
at tho works, and were intlmate friends
of the dead man, os she
Kidbson Stiugera at: Munerl, -%
A feature of tha service at the house
was tho, roidilon of selectlons by a
quartet “of professionals singers front’
the Edison Phonograph “Works, -whv,
raulered several numbers, Inchidtuy
“Nearer My God to Thee! and “Lea,
Kindly .Light.”| The quartet included
Messra. Bens, James HH. { Harrison,
Murry Anthony and Reed Miller...‘
Robert Bachman, former associate of
Mr. Randolph ut tho Edison Labora:
tory for many years, Is positive that
Susanity fnpelleedt the , suicide of his.
aggociate, For severil years Mr. Ran-
deiph hud been acting a Hitle strange-
Ty about ‘tha taclory, and within they
Inst week ho-liad been especially: ne-,
cullar, : wy
On one occasion he grasped the hand:
of Mr, Bachman and asked if ho could
not say good-by to him. Mr. Bachman,
surprised, . siniled, (stnd’ unsweretl:
“Why, certainly you can if -any one
can.” Mr, Randolph then appeared to
bo sattsficd, * .
The letter sent Mr. Bachman by the
sulcide -contained a reference appa-
rently to the widow of Mr. Iandolph,
but thé distracted husband, before he
sealed the envelope, crascd he words
and by slanting a Nght upon tho paper |
tho words “to her” were dlacernable, but ‘
‘the remalnder of the sentence was un-
decipherable, ” Lekeceg t |
“Genlous for Hie Ieputation,
‘The lotter to Mr. Bachman was siinl-
lar Lo others sent certain of the Edleon
People, - including boys in Max: Ran
Jolph’s office, nil the recipients being
Assured of tha honesty: of the man who,
{planning his death, did not''deslre his
memory smirched with any suggestion
of dishonesty... 24 ot ae
; “the letter’ to. M.
C ‘Bachman was as
1follows:’.’. Vea are ee
{, “Dear. Bachman: No matter’ whal
happens $o mo or what J. do remenwer
lone, thing, I am -not'cruoked and have
mot jtaken ono: cert Unt does. not he-
Jong to'me.’ J. He Randolph.
tr,“ Uandotph . got “the statidnery
whieh he used in welting tho letters to
his ,aesociates and ‘friends! on ‘hurs-
dny of Inst week, and evidently planned
Ia death then. Wo had yald many
strange things to Mr. Bachman, anid
among them was a referdnco to’ the
approach of the full moon, which was
at the zenilh: on Sunday, “Lhis Js at
Use when the insanéd reach {ho Ihnit
of their malady, and he avidently had
this. in mind when. he addressed hls
(lend... | ae oe
.? (Family Well Provided’ or,
Mr. Randolph teft his. family, his
widow and two childron—woll provided
for, His investments wero in first-
clnss mortgages, and ‘for’ the threo
weeks before his’ deathha' made no:de-
posits In the bants of his. own private
money. He kept tho funda‘in hid sato
at the'house, and to tho repeated urg-
ing of his wife that-ho put tho ‘money
in bank, hereplicd: — : iy
* “Oh, TN send the’money down some
day. It will be all right.”, Pe ie oT
‘Tho vellef grows stronger, and tho
sdison ‘people ure satisfed that in-
sanity was the reason for tho man’s
rash deed, -Jt.wes denled by Mr.
AWesteo and Mr, Bachman tlint the
lawault was worrying the former trens-
rer, but w remark was mado by n
Prominent man at‘ the works that
‘worry of his testiinony In u law sult
had adaed to the burden of hts worry.
‘This not doubt so weukened his nina
he decided upon suicide.’ At the works
it was stated the concern would not
discuss the-case In the future, as they
felt Aatisfied the renl reanon for the
;Sulclde was the man's weakened min
|
!
|
i
|
Mphons Westec, Once an OMtce Boy, Snes
. ceeds J, F. Randolph, a Satelde.
Onanuk, N.J., Feb. 18,—Following a com-
plete audit of the accounts of John F. Ran-
doiph, treasurer of the Edison companies,
‘it Wis announced to-day by Alphons Wes-
tee, secrotary and auditor of the companies,
that every cent entrusted to Mr. Randolph's
: charge was accounted for. Mr. Westee also
declared that Mr. Randolph was in no way
invoived in the suits brought by the Natiorial
: Phonograph Company against Capt. Nathan
; C..Hortoa, the attorney who was supposed
! to have bought land for the company snd
; Who'ls under indictment for embezzlement,
: Mr, Westee also took occasion to deny a
story that Mr. Randolph committed suicide
“because he was to have been called as a
| Witness in a petition in hankruptey for the
iNew Jersey and Pennsylvania Concen-
trating Company. This caso is to come up
on Monday on the petition of James DeW,
Cutting of Now York Personally and va_
| pantes of the. Cutting ae aoe gem
aun 8 & subsidia one an is uwON
} hotds most of the stook, aya
{ Mr. Westee bas been elected. ‘treasurer ‘+
of all tho Edison companies in addition to
his other duties. Upton Wee
The funeral of the suicide will be held ¢
to-morrow afternoon at his late residence *
in Valley Way, West Orange. The officiat-
ing clergyman will be the Rev. Robert Ser-
vice Steen, pastor of Hillside Presb erian
Church, Orange. Tho interment will be in
Rosedale Cometery, Orange. oes
The death of his private secretary and
treasurer .will not alter the plans of. Mr. *.
Edison to Jeave with Mrs. Edfson and their
children for their winter placa at Fort
“Myers, Fin.; next Tuesday. . os ~
Mr. Weatee, the new treasurer, wvas born
in Brooklyn in 1865 and entored Mr. Edison's
smploy as an office boy in Now York.when
he was 17. Ho been the auditor of the .
“companies for about fourteen years,
Rae. oblate»
Ge. F
Satwmt, Neiees
[PHOTOCOPY]
=>
~ —.FOst
Hue FA ae ;-.~ FEB AA M08
2 the off, mmreeecerenmennerercneencene. |
Edison’s Secretary =
_ Who Committed Suicide
Y 7 CARR p NR Tra Oe A CLE,
NERS S one lense BRERA oo ee Sa, .
NS = Dae yA
Ss “
~
sep UN
iG
e/ Cnonon? i : =
“John F. Randolph, one time ‘the secretary to Thomas A, Edison and officer ic
a number of the Edison companies, who recentif?*eseinHRUrsemente. IL ir
thought that overwork, which brought on “nervous Prostration, was the cause oj -
the tragic act. -'Ibe uecompanying picture is from a photograph of Pordolphy: ~
and in the panel below is a picture of his home iu Orange, New Jer ra
cere a Sons
|
fe WFamily
Hiceat luyehtor Submits to’ Secs
ond. ‘Surgical Operation to |
” Relieve ‘Mastoid’ ells. ;
ae
SURGEON'S BULLETIN
"SHOWS CASE IS. GRAVE
Wo “Expected” Erysed and “Poss
~ sible” Substiluted in Message
to Concerning ‘the Recovery,
——+
FAMILY PHYSICIAN Is CALLED
Dr. Arthur B, Duel is in Charge of the!
! Patient and Performs Operation After
tmportant Consultation,
oT
_ Thomas A. Edison is in a critical con
dition at the Mamattan Kye, Ear and
‘Whront- Hospital, No. 210 ast Sixty-
| fourth street. i '
"A second operation on his ear, ‘ toltow-!
Sng the'‘one of last Sunduy, was ‘per-;
formed nt four o'clock yesterday’ after-;
Noon to refleve an infection of ithe inner,
‘wall of the (mastoid cells, ‘I'he pena
was performed by Dr. Arthur 1. uel,!
aud Mr, dison regained consclousness,!
hut his condition was so serious that Inst!
night his wife, ron and daughter, were
ut the hospital, with him. His: family
physician, Dr. J... EL. Bradshaw, “of Ore
wuge, No J, also was. at’ the: hogpitat
{hroughout the night.
7 "Aftor the mastoidul operation had been
Performed yesterday Dr. Duel issued the
following statement:— :
vey secondjoperation was performed on i
PHeToeorN,
Mr, Edison thia afternoon, owing to the];
fact that an infection had extended back
{nto the old mastoid wound. He was seen! ¢
in\gonsultation by Dr. TP, Met
7 MWe,
Pountble” In Substituied, «| i+
ust! how -‘serlous-"Dr."‘Duol ' cousigers
_ correction in pengll in. the typewritten
notin’ posted ;by ‘him in: the hospital
office. Ag first. written the bulletin rend:
; “his palent's | ense inay he ‘gathered from|‘
“While: Mr. Edison's condition:§a graye, it :
Jn expect pd: Ito ‘will recover.” - ‘he word}.
'
“expected” * wap écratched out and the!’
word “possibte’
written emi ed pen-
lirely, On Wednesday, however,‘ ie. was
found: that* tho patlent was.’ suffering}:
from a secondary infection: of tho mas-)
toldal ‘cells. ‘ho second “operation, en}.
-(aillog cutting through the mastoid’ pro-|"
+ cogs sbeblad the. left, ear, ‘yas ‘deemed’
“threo years mgoM ison: under-},
went a: “sitnllge pporatior ‘the trouble}:
which; mado “itt neces ry had snoyer’ eD4),
“bean “deat for
“Ueeip. abuted,
xnven of eleht tof cou-}
Klant exper Wehts "ray.
; hve been “brotight on by the grip. ‘o}:
‘relieve the, tension caused by the swell-)-
ing Dr. Duel. opened: the abscess; ‘ and}.
Mr. Edison ; apparently” recovered: ‘ene!
NM, y.
eral,
FEB. BY isyy
4 eration, f
eeeececsecnccsccovecsorceveeneveavacenceeee
Ms ‘Onis “mer apenas: - '
“Dr. Duel performed the ‘frst operation!
on Sunday In the hopo of relloving tho
patient and makiug any further treatment
Unnecessary, “When. ho- found nv second
operation would lo necessary he called
other specialists’ into consultation and
‘thoy were Present and assisted: in tho-op-
. “hoe
“Mra. Udison, ‘who bas! "ebm with cher
yaband ‘throughoutsthe weeks, Was at. the
hospital - When : tho: ~operution *: Wis} per-
formed, : ‘ab! wore .the « “80, and’: “daughter,
Yr." Duels.dld ‘not eave until ten’ o'clock
Jast ‘uight. He went home at that’ hone,
_ Waving word: that he. would return carly
in the morning. ._- +
Mr. Edison has been very weak all week,
- but (he recovered: readily from the effect
gt. the ‘Anaesthetic “and, * recognized’ the
thembors of bis family and ‘the physicians
who Were in his room. : Late’ last night it
‘was ‘sald at the: “hospital that she was
+ ( éleeping» ~ mR vie ree
* Before ‘ioe the ai: ‘Dr. ‘Duel
xaid‘the pattenit'accondition, was sorious,
but. he added that * hero, was ‘every: hope
he, would: ‘recover, | “ay
Growth of Trouvle. cae
Al ough Mr. Hdison had been growing
; deat ‘and had been troubled with palus
G in ‘the left ear, it Was not till three years
ago that-he found ‘jt incumbent: on him
. th'subinit. to'a ‘surglealioporation, * ..
fs own 0} Geek at’ that thuo was that
hig conditio had. ‘been “brought bout
dlitongh coustant “experlinent “with: the
_ Violet, ray. Liv oyes ; had ‘been: thrown
I h on puted was able
to" relieve. “woof his assistants, ‘work-
ing with him ‘in ‘tho laboratory, had’ sut-
fered from the violet rays,to-such’ an ex-
fent thut-one had‘'to’ baye. “00 ArIN alMpite
iated, while-'the® other: dad two of. Ils
fingers taken off.’ :
"In an Interview with’ ‘al Heaap reqiarter
ate that time Mr, Edison told of. the'physi-
eal! uatfring: his «work: tind brought upon
i “been partly. bitnded, id he said,
rough’ haviig my eyes thrown ont of,
us, I phy ea lxo from péeullar lamps
“Snany: nUchest, whieh uo physi-
t heen able to diagnose or
“successfully feut. Lattribute:the trouble,
Lowaver, te-tsriestruction of the white
Mood corpuscles, or Phagocytes, id
*: Wvery- ald that~ akied~ surgery! and
* nursing can give hag, been Aftorded ko the
Uistinguished | pittlent.,” Me .jis now an the!
of two special nurses,“ one or whom
Inwayes at Wis bedilde
*. Wdlson ‘has been In Now-York ainen,
hand was taken to the hospital last
= es
[PHOTOCOPY]
Wy rfecol?
FER AP, oS
eaesae ee ;
‘The, latest Nexetenan “that as deen ‘taken of the ‘inventor, ' Y i
Sunday and sho, ‘is now lying in the hos-| daughter wero notified, and thoy: came:
pital so na to bo close at hand ‘in. caso gf] from thelr’ New Jersoy homo to be at thelr,
emergency, vit \ father’s bedside, Dr, Bradshaw, the fam-
Whon'dt was determined, to perform the |ily physiclan, was wlso\summoned, and he
ccond Speration | Mr. Fdison's son and [will remain in constant attendanve,
ATE iB O1S eR
%
bie Seat ;
3
8 Se,
i ‘light
studies .the* uspecialists Haye:
PY ype Of cure, in spite
reco : fact « that experiments “with “2 the
j ope ue ven “tamily S hyeleian: violet rays so’ serlously affected ‘two :
“Bradshaw, of Orange, ‘N, “J! of his assistants that one of them lost, d
was Ww hh the sufferer. all night, + two fingers and another his entire’
| tho ‘latter's wife; son~aid daughter|arm some timé ago, Edison refused.
} :]relleved one Another, in ‘watchi at to give ‘tp his work, .and » will not
: ijhis bedside.- promise his family ‘even now that he.
| s) --Thursday’s peration, | Will abandon it should he be able'to
+|the cutting . through: of .the, ‘mastold. return to his laboratory.) 72“. ali
a nn] Le Se
Head Trouble Caused
‘by Violet Ray Work
New York, Feb. 25.—Thom
sthe fnventor, who und -
sOperation for mastulditis, spent a vomfort-
able night. : 3
The physiclans who atténd. him the
+ Manhattun: Eye, 1 and ‘Throat, hospital:
jannounce that though his condition © lis
beeh serious, he fx in no Jmmadlate.dange!
Mr, Edison's xon niid daughte
awitls wife, were at the he
but:the son and danghte:
to thely homes, Mre, Edison remaulned at:
the hospital with her hysband. ‘ :
A phyastefins’ butictin on MoM: son's
condition Issued toduy announced?) “Es
condition Is favorable, temperat ‘normal,
and -hls chances for recovery ne! Excel *
lent.” nota .
‘GROWTIL OF TROUBLE.
Although Mr. 1dison had Leen? growing
{deat and had, heen, troubled with palns’ in
the left car, It was not (three yerts ago
that he found it Incumbent ow hin-ta sup. !
mit to a surgicel operation, -
Jils’ own: opinion at that thing + that’
his condition had heen brought ‘about:
INTOUKI venctdnt experiment wee tha wa.
let ri Uis-eyes lind ‘been thrown out: of
focus, and she suffered from ‘lumps~in- his,
heat, which he-declared none of -the spe-.
elattsis he Ind consulted was bie to ree:
pldvers a. 2 : So eee Ab
pe Two of his assistants, working with him!
the. Indorators,,. had suffered frém tho’
-Niolet rays to stich an extent that ong kid;
to have an arm amputated, while the other
had two of his fingers taken off, aoet
4. Mr, Edison is G1 years of age and, whil
iit was udmitted that a recurrence of his;
fearller aflment had ‘brought about ‘a graves
‘condition, it, was belleved hy those in ates
;tendance that he would recover {row the}
“serious operition. .
ilson,
?
Mrs. Edison Js With him, -and:-wil] res,
imain at the hospital ‘duping ‘ee
-husband’s!
‘of
satay, whiel
{probably 2.13,
a \mattdr
——
ef o fis
IMR, EDISON AND THE OLD REMING-
: TON MODEL. <> i
Edwin C, @Barnes,\western manager of the
National Phonograph«Company, in an address
: recently before the Business Science Club, of
Chicago, recounted the connection, of Thomas
A. Edison with the original model’ of the Rem-
ingtOW typewriter. The inventor, it will’be re-
called, was G. Latham Sholes, father OF Zal-
mon G. Sholes, inventor: of the. Remington-
Sholes typewriter. The elder Sholes had made,
much progress with the model, The machine
wrote fairly well but refused to “line up.”
oa he took the model to Mr. Edison to per-
ect,
Mr. Barnes, in discussing the incident, said:
“When Mr. Sholes invented the typewriter
he took it to Mr. Edison to perfect. I have
often heard Mr. Edison tell the story of how
fe first became acquainted with this interest-
ing and essential office assistant. He tells how
Mr. Sholes came to him, with an old wooden:
mode! of a machine which he said would write
letters. He tells how he worked on it cease-
“lessly for a long time, and discovered that the
worst feature of the proposition was to get
the letters to line up.
“After perfecting the operation of the wood-
en model, Mr. Edison set to work to make a
metal machine. He built and perfected the
first steel typewriter ever produced. “The cast-
ings were made in his own shop and the parts
turned out in his own laboratory.’ The firot
machine morked and wrote letters, and he
succeeded in securing the alignment that he
sought, but he could not understand what use
the machine would ever be from a business
standpoint.
“In the recounting of this story I have heard
him tell how he would’ask one of his assist-
ants to take a pen and paper and write a
given sentence while he punched it out on the
typewriter. The result was that the penman
wrote the sentence two or three times while
Mr. Edison was writing it once on the type-
writer. This seemed to prove to him that it
-awould not go,
“Notwithstanding this test, he continued to :
build these steel typewriters and the demand
steadily increased. All this time Mr. Edison
was at work on the Business Phonograph, be-
lieving that it was the solution of the detail
of correspondence. After seeing the utility
nnd demand created for the typewriter, he
saw a possibility for a connection between his
machine and the writing machine which would
eventually do away with all of the hamperin
details of .carrying on business correspogg
ence.” :
[PHOTOCOPY]
AN.
likely to
AL season
nlock of
mnewhat
farm te
11S foot
Ho Npitce
Tosive a
to
tons to
me omelt:
ad uspe
in such
if post
or less
© hose
ny one
xe
1, drain
erfectly
nt once
ery rape
on the
anerete,
cmd he
fig, 24
Vetneh
Kind of
red, ius
cntsdiles
hee free
ld Tee
iy
peoeiry
Cnere ye, \q0e2
‘
Mr Emson states that his idea of a cheap concrete
douse fh primarily intended for fauilles living In the
mopested tenoment districts of the large eltics, who
fed ut present a minimum rental of $9 per month
ta}
f OUILIN LIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT No. 1685,
BY E. S. LARNED, C.E.
The photograph published herewith, Fig. 1, shows
tho proposed house, It suggests a bulldlngs more
attractive in appearance than usually occupied by
families for whom It [8 Intended, and while Mr, Kdl-
¥IG. 1,—MODEL OF THK PROPOSKD TWO FAMILY $1,200 CONCRETE HOUSK,
Gee two or three small rooms with poor light, poor
Ur, poor sanitation, accompanied with appalling fire
mhs and generally unattractive and demoralizing sur-
nandings.
In order that the cost of Iving should not be en-
hineetl, It Is necessary, in taking these familles Into
te suburbs or country districts, to fix the rental sufll-
dently low so that the difference between the present
ats and the proposed rate will cover the cost of
rolley transportation to and from the city or place
d employment.
Mr, Mlson claims that the cost of the proposed
Youse Is estininted at $1,200, including plumbing,
rally, and Hghting fixtures, The house is Intended
fr two families, and the rental required on a five
xrecent Investment basis would be sufficient under
tke present conditions to cover more than the expense
transportation of the head of the household.
the Ce
* Reprinted fr nt Age,
¥IG, 2,.—EXPRRIMENTS TO DETERMINE THE FLOW OF CONCRETK IN WOOD
FORMS 1 INCHES SQUAILK IN ChOSS SKCTION,
Acompariton of Figs. 2 and 3 will show that the test of Fig. 8 was much more severe than the previous one,
for this wast that shortly after the concrete had been poured, the pli at this polnt was pulled, with the result that part of the concrete run out before the plug could be replaced,
son recognizes that mods for a less ornate building
could he produced for much less money, he holds that
the small additional expense, representing not over
an annual interest charge of $40 in the cost of tho
forms, Is more than justified by the Improved appear-
ance und the general satisfaction of the occupant and
conmunity at large.
It may be suggested, however, that the design seems
poorly adapted to concrete construction, owing to the
irregularity of outline and amount of detail attempted,
This is a matter of judgment and taste, and, of course,
could be modified at will,
The proposed size of the bullding Is 21 feet by 49
feet, and 36 feet high, not Including the cellar, The
walls will be 12 Inches thick reducing to 8 inches on
the second story, and it ts proposed to make the roof
6 inches thick. The floors and all partitions will be
uniformly 4 inches thick,
Mr, Edison's Idea is to construct these buildings
upon sandy or gravelly areas, furnishing material for
249
HOUSE.
j CONCLUSIONS OF ENGINEERS CONCERNING PRACTICABILITY OF THE PROJECT. THE
; PURPOSE OF THE INVENTOR.
tho conerete from the necessary excavations, Tho
purpose of this, of course, is obvious in reduction of
first cost, provided suitable materials can be found
within the mits of the necessary excavation, but this
limitation, If tinposed, would seriously restrict the
development of this class of buildings, for the reason
.that few areas adapted to cheap construction will be
found furnishing satisfactory material for concrete,
or material in suffictent quantity for construction
within the Hmits of the cellar excavation,
The necessity of having good sand and good gravel
at once suggests the diMeulties experlenced in most
communities to obtain these materials of suitable
quality, and it is flr to presume that in the majority
of instances the sand and gravel or crushed stone
would have to be brought to the work from sources
as near by as possible, ; i
The molds will consist of cast fron plates, but as
yet the detail of dimensions has not been definitely
fixed, Tho exterlor plates for the wall forms will
probably be from % Inch to 7 Inch in thickness; the
interior plates 44 inch in thickness; the underside of
the floor molds and roof molds probably from 3% inch
to % Inch thick, while the upper side will probably be
¥% inch thick, The molds for interior partitions will
probably be '-inch plates, All mold plates are to have
milled edges and faces with flanged joints drilled for
dowel pln and bolt connections,
The Inside faces of the mold plates will be nickel-
plated or faced with brass where Intricate tracery and
detail is attempted In the finish,” come
Tt is expected that two houses per month can be
constructed from one set of forms, and in order to
secure 2 reasonable variety in design it Js proposed
to have six sets of molds, the upproximate cost of the
six sets being about $105,000, but If one set only be
provided, the first cost would be $25,000,
The exterfor and interlor wall plates are connected
and held in relative position by rods in pipe sleeves,
In the use of cast iron for mold plates the proba-
bility of occasional breakage In handling must not be”
overlooked, and the question of time and cost of re-
newals is of the utmost Importance.*
It would naturally be found advantageous to havo
the plates of as large surface area os possible, but
this is Hmited by the use of cast Iron, of the thickness
proposed, and, again, the larger the sizes the greater
the danger of breakage.
Mr. Edison proposes to erect and take down the
forms by means of four sinall electrically-driven der-
ricks, and expects that it will take two days for erec-
tion and two days for removal.
Mr. Edison's preliminary estimate of the approxi-
mate weight of the molds for one house is £80,000
pounds; the writer's estimate amounts to something
over 450,000 pounds. In either case, the question of
transportation of these molds by railroad or team is
not only an item of considerable expense, but sug:
° Mr. Kdlsxon states that this
per cent depreciation, =~
<i
FIG. 3.—THK RESULT OF THE LAST TEST MADK BY THOMAS A, KDISON TO
DETERMINE THK FLOW OF CONCRETK IN THE FORMS FOR HIS
PROPOSKN CONCRETH HOUSK,
Te will be noted that the concrete In the upper right hand corner of the enstiny In
1m Imperfect, ‘The reason.
hid accident, the casting fs
Exe
practleally perfect. A number of plugs were fuserted ut various points [i the form ux shown in Fig. 3, ‘The arrows Indicate the direction of the flow of the concrety from the hopper into which It was poure®
VU EDISON CONCRETE HOUSE,
[PHOTOCOPY]
gests also tho possible necesslly of pratectIng some of
the moro intricate nnd decorntlye molds by erating, In
order to avold breakage, whieh, of course, would add
materially to the expense.*
The reinforcement proposed for the floors and reof,
" and elsewhere where needed, will consist of 14-Inch
and inch rods, It Is not yet definitely determined
whether they will be round rods or some system of
deformed bars, It is proposed to place all of the reln-
forcement in position fn advance of the concrete opera:
tions, and the rods will be held fu thelr relative post
tlons by wiring or spacers,
Pipes for gas, water and all plumbing, atso ducts
for electrical wiring, tire set fn posttlon In the form
fn advance of concreting, and the (ues for chinieys
are formed by thin metal ferns whieh are left In
position.t
It fs proposed to linve 100-horse-power boiler and
engine on trucks furnishing the power to drive mo-
tors connected withthe four small derricks, concrete
mixers, and elevator plant, which will also furnish any
other power required,
It Je also proposed to Install three or four large
“ - mechanical mixers on the ground adjacent to the
building, these mixers so nyranged as to discharge
into a storage hopper, from which the concrete Is con-
veyed by bucket elevator to the distributing hopper
at the top of the bullding, fram whleh the imnteriat ”
flows through pipes into the anolds, A speetle gravity
device Is to be attached te the storage hopper, and
the consistency of the mix carefully watehed sud kept
uniform,
1t is also proposed to use plungers, power driven,
operating from the top fn the molits ag the conctete
rises, to keep the same ngitated, and prevent the seg.
regation of materials, serving alse to expel the con-
fined alr, and seeure a perfectly nolform face, and also
assist In forcing the flow of the material into and
throughout the horizontal passages,
Mr. Edison clatins tint fa his experlinents he finds
thet concrete of the proposed causisteney raid come
position expands in setting avery soitl fraction of
an Inch In the greatest dlameter of the proposed house,
and he belleves that subsequent contraction and ex:
pansion in the walls can safely he neglected in the
relnforcement Introduced,
Mr. Edison proposes to use a mixture of 1 cement,
3 fine sand, and 5 stone or gravel, pusshig the '-ineh
mezh sieve, He realizes that the serlous problem
Involved {8 to prevent sexresation of materials whille
being deposited and distributed, and clalms to have
solved thin difflentty by the addltlon of colloids or
some electrolyte fi sinall quantity, which adds to the
“viscosity of the combined material, faeiliiates the
+, uniform flow and prevents segregation, Mr, Edison
nlgo suggests that colors may be added to the mixture,
1f desired, but clams that he is experimenting with
- -apectatly prepared paint for exterfor application, and
fa seeking with some promise of success, nt palnt Cit
will penetrate and meehanteally combine with the
concrete, This treatment, however, is expected to be
a constdetable ttem of expense, using a preparation
of Dismuth or cobalt, and experlinents are now being
made fn the uxe of barlum, ‘The use of colors or the
cost of painting with such preparation as Mr, Edlson
may develop has been omitted in his preliminary estl-
. mate of $1,200.
This preliminary step is attended with only one
detail of special Interest, and that fx in the exact
leveling of the top of the 12-Inech monolithic cellar
walls to recetve the wall molds,
At the West Orange Inborataries a few experiments
have been made to determine the How of concrete, and
the illustration herein reproduced, Fig. 2, indicates
the method pursued,
The first experiment represented by the two figures
‘ In the center of the pleture consists of 4-Ineh board
molds, set“vertically with two horlzontal connecting
ribs of the same size, The conerete jn ench case was
poured {nto the top of the vertical member and flowed
by gravitS atone Into the horizontal molds and up the
opposite vertical molds, apparently fing the same
perfectly, and without any apenrance on the exterior
of the sexregation of materials,
The Jast and most important test consisted of two
upright members (0 feet in helisht, hod fnehes in
cross section, connected at the baxe by n horizontal
form of the same dimenstons,
As one looks at the pleture, the conerete was poured
‘into the hopper of the left-lhnid vertical mold by
“means of buckets Infermittently emptied, ‘The forms
“ were not jarred during the flaw of the juaterlal, and
* Mr. Edison ents uttent fo the fuet that houses are to
he erected In rows and in lure nuibers af purtlentir local
thes, Iwolnted work Is ae port oof the seleme. benee trans:
portation Ia a small Item per howe,
t Mr. Edixon states dhint he din deehded to pat the ples
outabte af the walla in most cased Whe betel aml eanttary
plumbliag.
TWhile Mr. Edison has ne atlafaeclosy colors at present he
fa convinced Uint this expense with be trifling. Ue adds that
Le haw estimated for staining walle and for ‘red ling color
for rouf, Subsequent experieaia were lo get a varlely ef
color,
SCIEN LIFIC AlWIBINIUAIN OUL dk Litt 8
+ This, of course, affects nat o
aus iudicated in the right-hand vertical form, the
concrete suceeeded fn rising 64 inches above the hase,
At tho time of the wrHer's visit to the laboratory,
the forma were still on this Inst section of concrete
poured, and fit was impossible to Judge of the unt.
formity of the conesate formed, An examination of
the photograph .sug, ta at least a very smooth face
on the side of the con /¢ exposed, nnd revenls an
nddittonal fact of much interest, and that Is the ap:
parent settlement of the conerete fn the right-hand
verdient arm of about 4 Inches In a height. of 64 inches.
Possibly this was oceastoned by leaky molds, whieh,
however, did not appear to be the case, when thoy
were first examined, But sf such settlement oveura in
building operations conducted) fi the manner pro
posed, it is Wkely to offer serlous dificultles,*
It was explalned that tn this experlment It was
impossible to obtain conerete of as wiiform conslal-
ency and composition as with be obtalned in the
netual work of construction,
1 my be granted without question that a system
of iron molds accurately ftted and duly marked for
quick assembling is entirely feasible, Mr. Edison's
estimate of the welght, 280400 pounds, Is net borne
out by a rensonitbly careful estimate, assuming from
Mr. Edison's own statement® Qmt the exterlar wall
plates would be Y-Inch east Tron, the tatertor wall
Plates 14-Inch, plates for the under side of floors and
root ¥%-lnuch, with Y-inelh plates for the apper side,
and Yineh plates for all partition walls,
We thd approximately 200000 square feet. of wall
nat floor aren above the foundations, weighlnig ap.
roximately 450,000) pounds, without taklag inte ac
count the fiages, bolts, and plus,
If $25,000 he a fair estinfnte of the cost of molds
welghing 280,000) ponnds, I, would appear hy shuple
proportion that molds wetghing 440,000 pounds would
cost nbout $40,000, This is on the basls of o cents per
pound, whieh must ivelade planing the faces and
edges of each mold plate, driiting of Manges for pin
comections, and drilling of plates for bolt couneetions,
and ulckel-plating on the side next the convrete, It
whl be noted in the above esthinate of weight that no
allowance whatever has been made for the cellar wall
Inolds, In the detailed esthnate to follow, however,
we Wil assume that $25,000 is the cost ef forms.
Por purposes of fUustration, let us assume chat the
wolds and plant ave detlvered to the town fo. Wnt
ears, and have only to be hauled to the site of the
bullding, ‘The cellar hag heen previously excavated,
and Js ready for concrete operations,
It ix proposed to erect the wolda by meaus of four
smul derricks, one at each corner of the building, and
IL fs apparent dat some assortment must be made
us the molds are delivered from the cars, he order to
put the plates under the derrick which will place the
game In correct position. ”
Mr. Edison allows two days for the erection of the
forma, ineludiing the placing of 21) reinforcement, tho
futroduction of plpes or ducts .for the same and tue
forms, aud it would certainly seem as ff this thne
would be well occupled,
it is nppurent, of course, hat without a xerond #et
of molds for use in building immediately adjacent,
the power and mixing plant must remain idle during
the hardening of the cement, and the force of trained
men which must be required for this operation also
remaing idle, or practically so,
It will probably take os long to remove the forms
tsa to erect them, the chief diteulty being found th
the plates on the fnside of the buildlug, whieh, of
course, cannot be handed by the derricks and must be
taken down by hint,
Without an actual demonstration, it Is useless to
state that the work ennnot. be done jn the thne named;
for this reason an expression of opinion [s reserved,
tf, aus estimated, two buildings per month ean ha
constructed front one set of molds, it ls apparent that
for the grentest economy the molds shontd be used to
thelr fullest capnelty, This at once suggesis the
thme necessarily lost. by stormy weather, and in onr
northern Jntitudes, the disadvantage and expense of
pounther ex; nt lin hewn
‘yo port tx
hile den fiw
Siuve the nbhave was wr
tute aid $C Ia sinted Oy
aMr. Ealbaan states that
Int regarding the ensthygs be
pound and wlth plata ad 4.80 leents per pound,
Peon this polnt Mr, Edlaon repens that bls plan dees not
provide for Ixolated hotser,
On the xabject af molly Mr Larned writes ne follows: °F
note Inoing statenient af the size of Qu Wath that Mr
Kison gives the hefght ag ah feet net bsetuding the celles,
wheress PE anpposed It ld ine With thx car-
recon Ho heeomes necexury
of the twolds amd §
lustend of 150,000) pounds, the:
a errer,
vents per
wht weigh 5:
the cost of the molds hut
the vast of Alou, removal and transpertatian, adding for
reilrout stilpment: for aldltlonat ears,
Loulso desire fo coll nttesthin to tha
bade noe comment upon the facet thy
mmnkes nev provision for ale Toxic
facititnte the erceilon ef ite nls,
wired be er without Glos ie af stn;
duvet snotior efemesst of cost wiileh lane bee
ia wy tures."
faet that Eo linve
ginent they
thie Intro.
frely onltted
awe
2UVes
attempliys work of this unture durlug the month:
of December, January, and February,
T give below a cetalied exthinnte ef tha probable
aininiim cost of the proposed cement house. Ul wilt
he observed that in the allowance for Interest aut
depreciation, [ have assumed that 24 hauses coubt
be buallt from one set of molds per annum, and have
made po rtlowance for general expenses or contin
geneles, ‘Che fixed expense for tabor and organtzatlon
has also been ne ted during the thne helween the
pourlng of the conerete and the removal ef the molds
Mathonted Minkwnm Cost of House.
CeNar exenvation, 250 cuble yards at 80¢...... $75.0
Concrete, 200 eubie yaris, f mixty
Cement—206 barrels at $1.60 (net)....... aOR
Sand—94 cuble yards at $0.00....... G1
Stone—156 cuble yards at $f a ahsee,
Cost of mixing and placing same at fle, ,
Steel relnforcement, 10,000 pounds nt te.,
Forms, erection anid taking down, approxi-
mately 20,000 square feet, 226 tons at $2...
Transportation (short haw by tenm) of molds
r and plant Jneludlag Installatlon of latter,
Phimblng and heating (reported bid).......-
Windows, doors, and wood trim ineluding
patat
Fixtures
Total cost, labor and inaterini.......
Molds and plant estimated cost $40,000) ¢
: son),
Allow 200 por cenk Intecest and depreclation di
vided amongy 24 houses, ....- ec ee cere eee
Total Ost ...eeeeee i
N. B—No allowance made for general expense et
contingencies,
Tt ts-at once apparent that the construction of 4
siugle house by the method proposed would be je
hlbithye fn cost, unless the houses npou completion &
commen! themselves by reason of thedy flreproof qua!
(ites, low cost of maintenance, and practlent int
structibillty, that they would be in) demiuid nuh
than cheaper forms of construction, 4
Ta thls connection, ft is of interest to nole the
extent of the equipment for rattrend transportation
The molds welghlig 450,000 pounds would require t
curs of 221, fons enpnelty cach, the derricks, bole
and englie, and mixing plant would require at leat
4 cars more, making a train ef ft cars, whleh It tre:
ported at a fair average rate of $2 per ton worl:
amount to $600.*
The whole Iden of Mr. Eslisan's proposition Is lied
upon the tow of Haquids, Conerete, of whatever ear
position, can at least only be called a senittlquld, art
ff the medinin be sulictently: fluid to diasnre ts ioe
under gravity atone, it would be, under natural eo:
Qitions, Impossitite to muabitain the aggregates 1
cyiibriniwn or -susponsion. .
This condition ts also aunterfally affected by the
size of the axgrezates used, and the rate of flow ft
Nhkewlse affected by the same elements,
There would seem to be no particular difficulty te
Atti the vertient motds with reasonable certains
by pouring the concrete fram the top of the Infldins
but the flow of tis material through the horizontal
floor forms, Jmpeded by the necessary reinforcement
held fn position by wiring or spacers, with ocensionat
splices, and perhaps crossings, Is the doubtful proy
Tem, and unless segregation of materials be prevented
and the horizontal motds eonpletely Med before the
initdat set of the cement, it would be natural to expe
frregular ant Incomplete results,
Mr. Edlson proposes to faelltate the flow of the
material ant assist in the prevention of segregattos
by the introduetion of a collold, which may be clay
in n very fine state of division, an electrolyte, or pas.
sibly hydrated sillea, auy one of which will serve Q
reduce the mixture to a more or less gelatinous ce:
ation, and by (he viscosity attained hold the aggre
gales In equilibrium or suspension,
in the opinion of the writer, the Introduction of
collolit may assist somewhat white the miatertnl Is ir
Thotion, buf. when Ee ecomes fost rest, ns when the mobls
are completely Aled, 1 wll not prevent sesregationt
The addition of a cottold would also, In the oplnioa
of the writer, returd the harcdentig of the cement to
an extent to serlously delay removal of the forms.t-
it ia entirely unlikely that in sueh a mixture a cop
erete of 1-3-6 proportions fn flat slab constructloa
would he even gelf-supporting at the end of six days
This fs further emphasized by reason of the neeessit.
of using very Ane sand, whith of itself retards the
hardening of cement, particularly in so lean #8 proper
thon as I to 4,
inhle of costes Mr Edlson states: thet
neti construction WHT show how accurate are the tgune
given. As fo the cast of trinsportation, ete, de anya: “Sop
bese several hondred hours: were erected at (hla spat, whit
becomes of the erlilefans on cost of transpartatlon 2
t This coneluston Mr Iwan tresdets Ts wrong.
Mr. ption fo this statement, adding that
there Ja yarlety In colloids,
* Concerns the
The o
the eam
other we
Wee dae
diMentiy
fushte ou
inate se
further +
poses af
no Jolnt
expapsion
The wv.
erete pe
fexture,
terest,
be eee
Ww
Masy
tever In
tee Ita,
thied hy
China i
inno oF
eral wel
Whaat
proof of
SUCCESS «
of Bare
Which «:
the Unt
The
river flrs
other (he
ae mt yn
elvilizatt
Maw fee
We Fone
ether hie
countries
goad des
lak win
The vs
have pa
and apne
are leh
were den
forest sv
hardshly
hen aye
Utes!
oles
oft
ap
Ue
peri
not
The
tal
The
ote
now
fro
fos
in
fan
the:
Pan
wh
Ves
18, 1908,
ug the months
the probable
house, 1 will
wo interest ant
to houses could 4
rat, and hive
uses or contio
nd orgintasitioa
me between the 4
al of the motte
House,
Ley
apprvext
at $2..
VT motds
+ latter,
nehuding
ation dl-
BMH ale)
ver pene of
onstruction of a
do wonkd: be pre
on completion
iy Hreproof qual 4
4 practiony tude
demand rather
ext to note the
a transportation
would require Ve
- derricks, batter
require at) least g
x, whiel $f Crane.
t per ton would q
position ts ised
at whatever ton
“soon egiidl art
qZ other waterproof treatment.
sua 8
mer 9
Won Q
duos)
WHAT FORESTRY HAS DONE.
Qrever been tried until the gov
‘Qitsed by ever,
apoof of what it can accomplish here.
Wevtlization,
[PHOTOCOPY]
Aprin 18, 1908,
The addition of a colloid fs also expected to remler
the concrete tmipermenble wand niake unnecessary any
My. Hdlson also belleves
that heeause of the low conductivity of concrete, no
ditteulty will be experienced rom condensation of the
Insde of the walls, and tt is propased to lenve the
iuside surfaces pradueed by the amold plates without
QW turther trentiment, unless tiiding be desired for pure
toses of decoration, Tt is ate Interesting to pete that
no Joint will be provided fo take up contraction and
einsion,
The use of plingers, power driven, do keep the cone
cete ngiied und assist in its flow, Is a very novel
feature, nnd results wil be observed with much tae
terest, Tt world seem Chat phingers large enough to
tw effective woultt subject the molds to considerable
e
Maxy people tn this country Uunk that forestry had
went began to prac:
tse IC upon the national forests. Yet forestry Is prac.
Avilized country In the world exeept
thing and ‘Turkey. Tt gets remuts whieh can le got
inno other way, tid which are necessary to the gen
a) welfare,
What forestry ‘has done abroad fs) the strongest
The remarkable
mecess Of forest inamegsenment tn the elvit ed countries
a Burope and Asin is the most forcible argument
shich can be brought th support. of wise forest use in
the United States,
The more advanced and progressive countries sr
dye first and go farthest in foresiry, as Uhey do in
aher things. Endeed, we might almost tnke forestry
wa yardstick with which lo mensure the lelght of a
On the one hand, the nations which fol-
ww forestry most widely and systematically would
te found to be the most enlightened mations, On the
dher hind, when we apptled our yardstlel to such
rountries as are without forestry, we could say with &
good deat of assurance, by this test alone, “Here ls a
tackward nition.”
The conniries of Burope and Asia, tiken together,
fave parsed Uhrough all (he stages of forest history
ind applied all the known principles of forestry, They
ae rteh in forest experience, ‘The lessons of forestry
se hreneht home to them by hard kioeks. Their
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT No. 1685, .
strain, and tf the effect ts violent enough to cause
qulek or unusual tmotlon In the concrete, It sujasests
the possiblity of the displacement of relnforeement,
unless the same be very rigidly fixed in position.*
In connection with the proposition to ralse the con-
erele to the top of the building, by nenns of a bucket
elevator, a computation reveals the following interest-
ing Crete, viz, if the huekets he of % euble Toot.
capuelly eneh, they anest discharge al the rate of 8
buckets per ininute to handle 200 cuble yards in ten
hours, If of 4% cuble foot capacity each, they must
discharge at the rate of 6 buckets per minute. In
elther case, this 4 a belt or chaln speed of from
On this polnt Mr. F
ton cunnal extend imore 0
Ikon waters that dhe aren of agus
ty three fevt,
than $4,700,000, though the sum spent on each nere
for management fs over 100 Umes greater than that
spent on the forests of the United States,
France and Germany together have a population of
160,000,000, In round numbers, against our probable
$6,000,000, und state forests of 14,500,000 reves against
our 160,000,000 aeres of national forests; bat France
aud Germany spend on their forests $11,000,000 a year
and get from them in net returius $30,000,000 o year,
while the United States spent on the national forests
last year $1,400,000 und secured n net return of Tess
than $130,000,
in Switzerland, where foot. of agricultural Jane
In of the grentest value, forestry has made it possible
for the people to farm all tind fit for crops, and so has
assisted the country to support a larger population,
tnd one that fs more prosperous, than would be the
ease if the valleys were subjected to destructive foods,
In a country ax small ag. Switzerland, and one which
coutaing go inuny high and rugged mountains, this
is a service the benefits of “teh cannot be mensured
in dollars, It [s in Switzet—al algo, in the Sihtwald,
that forestry demonstrates beyond contradiction how
251~ °
VW/8 to 1/2 more tn euch case, and the loading of. the
buckets by continuous discharge from the hopper sug-
gests the possible waste of some material and the
foullug of the chain or belts to an extent that would
prohably cause sume trouble. It would be impractical
to load the buckets full of such fluid materinl owing
fo wate”
My, Edison has, andoubtedly, taken a botd atep in
the right direetlon, and the new Ideas that are set in
motion by his experiments wilt doubtless evolve a
beheme by which the cost of the forms will be ma-
terinlly reduced, and the time required for construc
ffon Beeally shortened,
e'Thik Mr. Eallxon answers with Ute statement that the
boeketa cnn overilow, ‘The elevator hus a back to permit
spills to How buick to the reservolr.
THE NEED OF THE PRESERVATION OF OUR TIMBER SUPPLY.
certainty secure what wood she needs in the future,
Fourth, when the forest countries are compared as
fo wood Imports and exports, and when {t [s realized
that a number of the countries which practise forestry
fre even nuw on the wood-fmporting lst, the need of
forestry in the export countries is doubly enforced, a
Russin, Sweden, Austria-Hungary, and Canada, Cor
instance, are minking geod the wood deficit of a‘large
part of the workl. Sweden cuts much more weed
(106,000,000 cuble feet) than she produces; Russia, In
spite of her enormous forest resources, has probably
ent J the sume road; and England, the leading !m-
porter of wend, st count more and more on Canada.
Isnl the United States consumes every year from three
to four times the wood which its forests produce, ‘and
in due tine will doubtless take all the wood that Can-°
ada can spare, In other. words, unless the countries
of the western hemisphere apply forestry promptly
and thoroughly, they wlll one day assuredly be held
responsible for a world-wide timber famine,
Firth, in comparison wlth foreign countries, the pros-
nects for forestry in the United States are particularly
bright, for the following reasons: ar ey
1.” We start with the assurance that success, can."
certainty be attatned, SEER LE
2. We have few of the handicaps which have tram-
ticled: other conntrics, We lave no ancient forest
rights ant usages wilt which to contend, or trouble:
We praperty questions to settle,
aaty
[PHOTOCOPY]
First, Best and " argest.
; INCORPORATED 1885,
. First, Best and Largest
a ee ene,
it ls ‘expressly - intended,-.are anxiously ample. ‘ ssibitities of
; wvaitiog f fi ; 1. demonstra- |: ‘Once: aware of the po ent manu- |.
tlon. + peste the wizard’a device the Cf) *' availing |}
1 eaeadin: SESTES 7 \|Faeturers lost no time nit
fas °
“| -EDISON: CONCRETE HOUSE. |
Is Such Building Eractical? Now tho |
-TINCORPORATED 1885,
~ NO cscecceee
NashvilleLeun.-Bauner
APR Bal 1995.
vr Question, :
The first,authentic article on the Edison |:
; Monot fue house, whJcti has excttedesyaiy
j Wide and Varying comment from both the
technical and goneral ‘press, appea ; nt :
the ‘current {ssues of Cement Age ‘trom pea oF te Colne te
tho pen'cf E. S. Larned. © Among ‘othor s industry. : ‘
conclusions drawn from an interview with be ————— H
Mr. Efison Mr. Larned ‘states that tho : H
‘Edison cheap concreto house is primarily
Intended for familles living In the con-
gested tenement districts of the large
icities, who find at ‘present a minimum
:Yontal of $9 por month for two or threa
| rooms with poor Nght, .poor air, poor
sanitation, to be accompanied with ap-
{palling fire’ risks and generally unat-
tractive and demoralizing surroundings.
In order “that the cost, of living should
not be.enhanced, It Is necessary in tak-
ing these famllfes Into tha suburbs or
country districts, to fix the rental sut- !
ficiently low so that the difference be-
tween the prosent rates and the proposed |
rate will cover the cost of trolley trans-;
Pportstion to and from the city or place
of employment. . .: . es
. Mr, Edigon clalms that the cost of the
proposed louse js estimated at $1,200, in- ;
eluding ‘plumblog, heating and Ilghting
fixtures... The house ts‘ intended for two
families, and the rental required on a 5
per cent. invéstment-“basls would be suf-)
Hiclent under the ‘present conditions to |
more than cover the expense of tran-
sportation of the head of the household. }
Cement tn all forms of construction hus
come to-be the subject of geueral ‘knowil-{
edge. and for this reason alone, if for
no other, the public' mind fs inclined to
accept this new idea of house conatruc- |"
tion with confidence In- its possibilities, |
and: those of tha poorer classes, for whom
1 penne AA RE EE AIS
1
‘EDSON KILA WHS
<
*OWCE RIDICULED
Now It Forms the Basis of the Suc-
ee tion In
In describing the recent formatic a,
NewYork of the Association ot
censed Coment Manufacturers, Wi) a
represents nearly seventy per oe 2
the annual output of Leaner oor
and contro! C)
paar weprET ic patents undor- |
q ent industry, | j
lying the Portland cem
Cocent Age cites an interesting pal
of Edison's tar-alghtedness. It. =
that a merked mae? Oe une
try was due to ison 5
Paw ¢ Salotning kilns, together at
feral unique methods of tuel ec
in ed and paty
in pata ne eee toot jong and
diameter, having
~ cement. 7
ern Shane * in use wore et in ain
oighty fect | tong, tiva 0 a at 200
meter, With oo tong ki
a day. Edisons ong
Yersally ridiculed by or “But Its sc
manufacturers, howelr criticism to bo
d ridicule was trans~
unwarranted an tation of Edison's ex-
3 formed Into emu!
i
=|themseives of she. 1008 eer. To-day
Edison's consents, Sortland cement
more than hal
Is produced in
modo in this country
‘are lengthen
pmoticable, and Sar ‘comant plant to-4:
kins
gacturer building
er
uld afford to !ni o
£23, t00 feet in length and upward
CC —————
SPOKANE’S ANNUAL _
4
‘
Ins of the ae their kins wherever J.
2
Du bugue , bewe TiMes
Journe| Sun 3, 1908
Frolsl!!2"F, (0°74 TIES JOURAAL,
“HB 1908
eeacqnaceconeeses
oe
iT Stee HY OL Hi
y sary Custom Iinded Down
ce oe. Prom Ancients, fe
Now York, Juno 2—“Atter all, sleep
‘fa only a. habit; there ig nothing, to
prove that men really need it,”.“Phomug
‘A, Edison said today to an inte
Che—“aTon fratsicarned. to sleep bu-
cause: when -darkness camo. thoy had
nothing .clse. to do, - Through the ager
thotr descendants, ..doing. Nkowise,
made sleep a oustom—a. matter of
‘| course, But, if mon had always lived
as | in a land of Perpetual ight and sun-
4s | ahine, I don’t supposo Wo would sleep,
ag | at all,” = .
The inventor backed up the idea” of
telling of a practical test. It was chis
own ability to live: with ttle sleep,
As Ja well known, Mr, Edlgon ilinita
himsolt to four: or Qvo hours’ sleop
wf} in tho twenty-four, ‘Nor_wwas. it the
n |.caso of his wife, which he -mentioned
1, | incidentally, |: xtra, Edison, he - said,
@ | sleeps only flvo_hours in night, and
o | the habit seems to. agree with her. The
- | -tost ho described luvolved nearly. -10¢
~ | Men of averago Phyatquo In tho labor.
a | atory, * , ;
ry “Tho teat wags mado,” | Mr, Edtson
aj Said, “while I was experimenting with
my assistants at Menlo Park. 1 Mni-
ited cach man to four ‘hours’ sleepin
the twenty-four, They. kept is up for
two years. It did not seem to hurt «
them,” rae ga
“Were they aided -by special dict or
treatment to make up for the loss of
sleep?” was asked, > - pe
“No, except there wore ‘four meals a '
Gay Instead of three. We had break-
fast, dinner and: supper in‘the daytimo,
"as usual, and an oxtra supper at mid- :
night. - There was nothing pecuttar |!
about the food, _ Tie meals coneisted
of the meats, vegetables, bread and the
rest which-ordinary people eat, > -
:] “The sleep habit ‘was’hard to breat4| '
1] But after the first week or go tho’ re-
+} duction in thelr hours of sleep seome
1 [to make no difference in thelr work o
. mental: capacity, , Indeed, thoy. gaincd:
(} in-agiliey, -
t at." '
: ;
1 1
U
moth Mrs. Louls Milter of Akron,
| stew, Riehard Colgate, Mrs, Benjamin
Dotigless, | Mrs, Solomon 11, liowe,
Cagd Hangs) Ms,
Ga dette Tun 1%, /9OX
ee TJ Sarttte,
o
att! 18.1908
Je;
SOCIETY NOTES,
Debut of Miss Mt cline
7 Baughter of Me and M
“yt AL Edison,
Miss Madeline Mdlson, the only
Whter of May and Marg
Adison_ or Glenmont, Llewellyn Pa
wr nMiTodneedt Thurntay atternvon,
the reception fneluding not only the
sovlely leaders of the Oranges, dit
MANY isdoclated In chureh Work with
Mrs. Edison. ‘The wite of the famous
inventor Is the president of the Wons-
an's Guild of the Orange Methodist
Chareh, and the 200 menibers of the
¥ ded the tinetion,
P Krounds were set with tublos
dosenis, ana were otherwise pre-
for the fete, A butter luncheon
ved Vietor Herbert's orelte:
{ra xcrecned in the conservatory played
find 1 ‘ceoivings party were stationed
near the atoors of the conse
Which Is to the lett OF the or
tion halls, ‘The fitles of the setee-
tons were bound in band-printed cove
D Ued with pink satin ribbons nad
rte eneh guest asa xouventr,
Che young debutante Was gowned in
u frock (of white sik, Yo ositaple ter
detail, and she eurried a Downer of
pink Mt, Mins Mdlson ta slender and
te of decked type with a close
blanee to her father, athough
Mr. edison Is extremely fair, Mes,
Kdison wore a dy of green ehitfon.
Among the youtus hulles fexsdst dais
Miss Editon in receiving were M
Carol Daugluss, Miss Barbara
mR, Miss Mrances Stag
“ison, the
s Nhas,
‘l Mist
Balt Burte, Miss Esther Walker of
t
Miss Margaret Miller of}
iH cousin of Miss Rdtson: |
Margaret and Madeline ;
on, the Misses: Margaret nnd Res
Ambrose, Miss Anna loster,
hor Huwkesworth, Miss Julian
mi oof Chleago, Miss Loulse
Vanderbilt, Miss Katherine Rrownbug
itnd Miss Ruth Hente, 28
“A ting Mrs, Kdlson were her
: Albany,
Mrs, Robert A. Franks, Mrs. Albert C.
Walt, Mes. Bernham Yardley, Mrs.
Frederlek 8, Marsh, Mra. | ¢
Wichards, Mrs, ‘tt Newton Poster, Mrs,
tohert Dun Daugings, Mrs, Char! 3 1,
Yardley, Mra, Tassel Colgate, Mrs,
Uarrison ‘1 Ambrose, Mrs, Wlathrop
D. Smith, Mrs. Rebert Hawkesworth,
Mra. John ©. Meald, Mra, Willian
‘Thayer Brown, Mrs, Alfred 13, Jenklng
and Mrs, Chartes Hathaway,
* 8 8 :
—
SLEEP ONLY J HABIT,
| | THOMAS EDISON says
NEEDLESS” custom HANDED.
POWN FROM ANcIENTS,
“WIZARD ASSERTS,
TESTS ON HIS ASSISTANTS
Limited to Four’
four,
tosteesensempeeny
Hours in ‘Twenty-
They Thrive and Retain
Montality,
_—_—.
Si, tacy (Commerctnt-Nows Speeiah,
NEW YORK, Jone 10.—"Atter
sleep ty only x hubit;
10 prave that men
| Thomas Edison sald to an inter-
Viewers: “Mon tirst learnea to sleep be-
cause when darkne:
nothing else ty do,
(heir deseendants,
Made glean a custom—i matter of
;COurse, But ie men bad always lived
fi a land of Perpetual Heht ana suns
Heat t dan't SUDDOLE Wwe Would sleep
at alley
The Inventor backed up the Idea by
teling of a Breeton! test, It Was not
his own ability te tive With little
sleep. . Ag “fx Well known, Mr, Edison
Units hhnsete to four or five hours’
sleepin the twent,
:-four, Nor was it
the case of his wife, wht
toned Incldentally, irs, Rdison, ine
I sata, sleeps only tive hours in a night,
and the habit seems to agree with her,
The test. he deserlhed Involved nearly
00 men of average Physique. in the
laboratory,
Four Hours Proved Enough.
“The test? was made," Mr. Edison
sald, “while 1 wus experimenting With
ny assistants at Menlo Park, ‘I limit-
ed each man to rour hours’, Sleep fy
the twenty-four, : They kept it up for
two searg. It dia not seem to hurt
ther.” 4 :
“Were they alded by special diet or
treatment to muke up for the loss of
sleen?” was asked, :
- “No, exeent there were four mens
a day Instead of three. We had break- |:
fast, dinner, supper In the daytime ‘ay
usual end: aun extra supper at mfd-
night. “ Therg Was nothing peo-
cullar about the food. The ineals con-
sisted of the meuts, vegetables, bread
and the rest which ordinary People
cat.
“ “The sleep habit was hard to break,
But after the first weel
duction in thelr hours of sleen seem-
ed to make no'difter
on mental capacity, Indeed,
Rained -In
agility, . They stemed to bi
‘Hghter-on their fect.”
i:
all,
there ts nothing
really need it,”
8O-TI-%)
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Blecte ical"Problems: Now. To
iss, ord epider
§ | Be PutAsideé
to. :
WEIS GOING TO DEV
,, LEISURE TO OHEMISTRY.
3s
[Hs Ins Long Desired To Pursue
* Such Studies But Business Affairs |
be ‘evented, a
. . :
‘West Orange, N. J., Aug.‘ 6.—
*Wizard" Thomas A. Edison has de-
cided to relinquish his activities as
&n inventor, After a .careor ‘In
which he has taken out more patents
‘than any other Individual who has
pever transacted business with. the
-Uniter States patent office, he is go-'
‘tng to step aside and struggle no
jmore’ fur the emoluments of such
labor, ‘i
:: Mr. Edison has amassed a fortune
of '$25,000,000 which ho thinks 1s
more than enough,
“It was 'varnéd that the man who
shas| achieved so many marvels, ic
‘electricity has a greater love ‘for
chemistry than electricity. Chemis.
try was the first sclence to captivate
;his'|wonderful intellect, but he has
Inever had a chance to dig as deep
{into, its mysteries as he wishes. Now
fhe.-jroposes to*give himself ‘the
ichance. -
Coincident with this change: in
ithe career of the man who has mado
‘posalble so many electrical marvels
jeame‘ the chango..in-the -aftairs of,
jthe:}Edison.'companies, :by" which
i ommissioner, B.-Gilmore, who took
sholdt-of- the Bale ph mare tty
dison'saattalras when © the + *
it-igjenid:\vas.$760,000-in dabt, has
been succeeded by Frank L. Dyer,
linvthe -presidency of all the com-;
«
‘
: Me Edison. is: atixlous to devote:
more tima‘to pure sclenco and less,
time -to. commercial investigation,”>
fsoidsMr. Dyer.: “He plans in futura
tovengage in the kind of. work gone’
by ?Farraday, Clark Maxwell, Helm-‘
oltZ Lord Kelvin and other sclen-:
‘tates: > See: es {
“The change doesn't mean that:
Mi eRe son ie going to stop work..
ts * thrives
‘e’is “he: kind of man He coulanrd|
jana! lives.’ on work.
ptep jworking
es, 5
‘commerolal:.value.
sou, tho swoll-knowi-In-
Wired: thes rty a slittls
PyAb se 0; frout=} alae Sore
St, Joseph, Me. - News .
coe CRE ae
“EDISON WAS “GREASY. TOM.”
Telegraphers Meet In Washs
Military
; ingt
‘ty-sixth, annual ‘session vat“ Washington of!
tho -Soclety of tho Military Telegraph
{Corps put Col: Jo Hanson, superintend-
ent ‘of the Union Depot Company, and a
momber of the society, in a reminiscent
mood this morning.
“The only other St. Joseph man’ who
bolongs to the socloty now is T, E. Raw-
Ins," sald Colonel Hansen to a News-
Press reporter, “but G. M. Hohl, who
once was employed lero as superintendent
of the Kansas City, St. Joseph & Coun-
ell Bluffs railway, ond Co). C, F. Coche
ran's brother, A. Cochran, who {a con-
nected with the unlon depot company at
Atchison, aro members. :
“The military tclegrnph corps in the
Clvil war was a mighty independent body.
Of course we took our orders, but be-
yond orders as to our movements we did
about as we willed. The corps has dwin-
Aled so that’there are not moro than 200
gmombers left, and it has amalgamated
with the Old-Time Tolographers’ and His-
torical Socioty, to which belong Andrew
Carnegie and Thomas A. E> eal I knew
Carnegie when olegraph oper-
+ator for tho Pennsylvania railroad, and
also, knew Edison, who was known in the
early days as ‘‘Greasy Tom,’ he was so
untidy.” eee
Pascertalned, a
° Thomas A. Edison Sells
;Bestdes the. disposnt of: Now 8 BK, si
- me -house “erected “in ‘tits (aie. nor
10 street, which hay been' owned:
(fhe. lativea of the seller—the Rev, Bemus
B.: Jarvis—for ‘over. 160 years, -yesterday’
trading was mado noteworthy roars
soe aX four-sto! Swelling at tho northwes!
“4 Uh eoFe
enue qud Hlguthatceet
[ttre
eo ’:..2.3 N. y,- Press
WN a gue
—- acm
Agury, and Harry Hense}, chief cic
lor ussaoumermnenitor’s office. \
i \
ORANGE OHRONICLE PUYER.,
é :
wittiam F. Gilmore wil organ!
PA as: Company to Conduct the - ‘
mo _Busincss-:
taent’ of, the Essex Press of Newark
manager of the .Essex Press. Tr.
statement 28 ‘to who. Mr. Yankauel
represented was authorized py Mr
| qilmore. . i ‘
‘A report that Mr. Gilmore had re
signed, or intended to resiga, from
the Hdlson interests Was. denied both
spy MriBdison and “Mr/Giimore,
‘ ‘ nO es
TINGY (ACHINES
_—_———
Spruatield, NWT
Press
—_—_——
bo-tl-08
~e
“ing. Until the convention of the Film
sin 7 1900.
CHANGES IN PROSPECT. ..
Questioned aa to present moving
picture trade conditions a “prominent
Neensce of the Edison:Company this week
anid:
“Ag.a_mattor-of- fact thera fa nothing +)
to say just now as to movements in the
moving picture busincss. We are wait-
Service Association, July 11, there will
bo no developments, That is ‘the date
toward which we aro all looking. and I
think ib will bring forth radical changes
in the pre» aystem of doing business.
“yy all, cobability there will be a
change, partial at least, in the personnel
of the association directors. Another thing
that will probably come in for a radical
change is the prevailing minimum rental
seale covering ‘third run’ material.
“Tt is extremely diMeult to divide the
trade fecling on this point sectionally, but
it seems to me that the South and Enst |
are in favor of the entire elimination of \
the schedule, while the West is in favor
of the continuance of the present scale i
of prices a3 established at the Buffalo i
convention,
“gontiment on this point is widely di-
vergent and every degree of opinion is
represented, but I belleve that the sum-
yiary I have given you will turn out to j
be the sense of the convention.” t
Another big New York renter, one of
the largest in the city, declared his opin-
fon that when the nssociation members
assembled they could by proper argument
be brought to see that the perpetuation or
continuance of the present association
directorate and the Buffalo scale of rental
is in the best interests of the business.
In any event the trade generally is
wido awake to the possibilities of the
coming conference and everybody is alive
with interest, to the exclusion of ‘small
quarrels and disputes which have ¢n-
gaged their attention during the past
few months, ae :
}
——$—
j
}
{
i
t
|
\
|
\
|
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|
0
Fp reis
an 87 1908.
yp Rs cite
SNAPPING THE WHIP OVER
FILM RENTAL EXCHANGES
'- Edison Licensees Impose. a,$5,000 Fine Upon a Western
“1741 on the Claim that It Violated Its Agreement.
At a meeting of the Edison Com-
spany and its licensees Inte last week
the ense of a Western film renter, who
was alleged to havo violated his contract
with the manufacturers by selling a reel
of film {an Edison product, according to
+roport), was brought up for discussion.
No definite action was taken at the time,
but it was practically agreed by the con-
ferees that the offense should be pun-
ished by a fine, assessed at the timo at
$5,000.
This amount was practically decided
upon, but was not definitely fixed at the
first meeting. The licensees and the Edi-
gon representative met again ‘Thursday
afternoon at 3 o’clock to make the fine
official or call it off, but no statement
was mado after the meeting.
Tho “Views and Films Index,” gener-
ally accepted as voicing the sentiments
of the Edison licensees, calls the action,
“q master stroke of discipline,” and
goes on through three columns of more
or less discursive matter to oxplain that
it will effectually correct the disposition
of associntion members to break’ away
from their agreements with the Edison
Company iti tho matter of rental schedule,
According to the same publication, the
firm in question sold films to a traveling
picture show and upon evidence being ad-
duced to this effect before the Ediaon
Licensees’ Association, the fine was im-
posed. When this rumor gained currency
several explanations were offered.
. One was that there had been no fine,
but that the item of $5,000 was in dis-
pute in the auditing of the rebate ac-
count between the American Vitngraph
Company and Pathe Freres, manufactur-
ers, and the renting concern, and that the
manufacturers had declined to pay the
rebates due June 1 until the rental firm
had explained certain allegations concern-
ing its suspected sale of films. The
exchange people denied that they had
violnted any provision of the TEdison
agreement and offered to Ict the manu-
facturers go over their books and inspect
their shelves, This offer was not taken
advantage of,
Mr. Berst, general manager in this
country for Pathe Freres, sald, when ques-
tioned on the foregoing reports:
“Whatever has been done in a matter of:
this sort is confidential and I cannot com-
ment upon it in any way.”
“Sow does it happen,” he was asked, ;
“that Edison licensees are able to en- -
force a fine instead of bringing such. o
matter into the courts as a breach of
“contract suit and there have it adjudt-
cated?” :
“That is very simple,” replied Mr.
Borst.’ “If any renter abrogates his con-
tracts with us, we are at liberty to go to
him and declare that we demand damages.
If he sees fit to pay the penalty for
wrong-doing and still hold his business
connection with us, all very well. Tf, on
/ ,
the other hand, he refuses to accept our
terms, we are under no obligation to sell
him goods in the future, I need not say
_ {that this procedure is justified by wide-
! P
:spread business custom.”
‘No information could be gleaned from
jthe Edison headquarters, 10 Fifth Ave-
‘nue, Dr. Dyer, Mr. Gilmour and Mr,
;Moore were away when a VARIETY repre-
‘sentative called and Mr. Dyer’s assistant,
Mr, Hauser, could not give any facts
concerning the matter, He even said that
‘he had had no knowledge of it and was
surprised that the “Index” had given it
publicity. Mr. Berst expressed surprise
‘on the same score.
If the licensees hold to their reported in-
tention this will be the first'case of the
sort-since the Film Service Association was
‘formed. Several members. have been ex-
pelted, but no fine has been imposed and
{eollected up to this time,
emer.
—_
—
"|| THE HOUSE .AND. THE: HOME
. EoonomiéConference Meeting at
Chautauqua.
Canadian Delegates:-Report.
Advances 2h
Miss Anne Barrows Tells of New Household
“Appliances:
Bfocint to the Transcript: wee :
autauqua, N, ¥., July 11—The thirteen
ates auhools havo opencd this wook,
With tho’ enrolment of many pupils; there
aro on unuauol number of people hero thus
early in the season; the annual, spelling |
match has occurred, the prizes delng won
by Kentucky and, Ohio, and stl! the. Home,
Economic Conference 1s tho principal. event
of tho week, > fetes the
© ah variety of topics consldered® during
tho session indicate the far-reaching ‘In
‘Phe first day was largely given ovor {0 |
poner of committees and to a review of
-the ten years of this organization elven by
{ts own chairman, Mrs, Elion H. Richards of
the Massachusetts Instityte of Tochnology,
which review 1s summarized elsewhera in
Tilereattag’ 6h fad tn Canada
“Interesting reports of advance
wore made Sy Miss Mary U. Watson, prin-
celpal of McDonald Inatitute, Guelph, Ont,
Miss .innie ©. Latrd of the Universlty. of
Toronto and the Lillian Massoy School, To-
ronto, and other Canadian teachers, mony
of whom are present. Tho goncral subject
of education was considered on the second
day, the principal speakers being ‘Miss Isn-
pel Bovier, professor of household science
at the University of Ulnols, Bitss Edna D.
Day, ‘professor of’ home economics at the
-{, Untveralty, of: Misaourl, and Miss Ellen C
met wrayer Et Orn Orn. thom
Sean netrane Viren
Besson, MA
Traaserigt
1-11-08
- ALD 6p PTORIUUE Ua teases enbwe ae re,
}.wan:the general subject for the third da:
fluence of such an organization... -....0)
‘|| manufacture and ‘call attention to tmprove-
Tents that might be made, - oe
“among its members Miss Edna D, “Day,-the
‘only woman In_ this country «(probably in
: tho world) who-has taken a doctor’s degree
in 101
College of Milwaukee, Wis, 222° +
In ‘the pbsence of Miss Helen Kinne ef
Toachors' College, Columbia University, the
report of the teaching section ‘of the cofifer-
ence, which holds a mid-winter moating,
wag presented by Mr,: Benjamin R. An-
draws. :
Dr, James Robertson of MacDonald Cot
lege, Quebec, was expected, but was uni
Die to be‘presont. In his place’ Rev, Alfred,
F, Lavell spoke on .“'Tha, Education” o:
Children in Ethics and Religlon.”
Tho efforts of the conference to secure
adequate recognition of the group of topicg
“for which it stands and methods of furthor:
extension, aro’ discused at the sessions of
.| the afternoon which aro practically. con-
fined to members of the conferenco. A com-
mittoo has been chosen to conalder whether
tho tlmo has come for a larger popular or-
ganization to which tho Lake Placid Con-
ference shall bear somewhat tho sama re-
lation as ¢he council! of. superintendents’ to
the National Education Association.
Tho following-named . committeos were
appointed by the chalrman: F
Resolutions—Mr, Le Bosquot, director
American School.of Home Economica, Chi-
cogo; Miss A,, L. Laird, Lillian Massey
School, Toronto; Miss Ruth Wardall, pro-
fessor Wome Economics, Ohlo State Unl-
voralty, : Rea Rhee
+ Nominations—Mrs,. F.C. Caldwell, Mf
chanics’ Institute, Rochester; Miss C,. L,
Hunt, Untversity-of Wisconsin; Miss. Van
Renssalaer, Cornell University, '' oy aay
:-Recommendations—Dr. C, F. Langworthy,
Washington, D.. C.; Miss Holen M, Day,
Bradley, Polytechnic -Xnstitute, Peorla, -Ill.;
Miss-Ieabel Rovior, Univoralty, Iiinols. -
‘The House,’ its Constrpetion- and ‘Care,’!-
Se she -TIvme -Reondnily’ Contes ccs, :
~. Mrs. “Molvil .Dowey,., tbo mainspring of
the Lake Placid -Club, and'tho promoter ‘of
this conference, placed a, high ideal before
the ‘audience’ in -hor~ paper, on “Standards |
in Housekeeping.” ‘Her ‘conclualdns’ were
based on no theorles, but on personal di-
rection of.a club which from a small de-
sinning has in a vory fow yenrs reached
® number equalled by few hotels.. Every
detall of tho daily routine of living has
:boon studled and improved, Mrs, ,Dawey
Presented for the perusal of the mambors
of the conferenco o book in manuscript
form giving many details Imposslblo to do-
scribe in a half hour's report, and also dls-
tributed an admirablo pamphlot of direc-
tions for waitresses, Where more thin ono
hundred helpers aro employed such ‘instruc-
tlons are neccessary to secure offictency,
Tho processes of the household have beon
80 carefully studied that Mrs. Dewey was‘
able to atate definitely tho cost of certain |
itoms of service. For examplo, one extra |
towel for cach gucst daily means an added
expense at the laundry of $200 a month.
The deductions of the Houschold Ald Com-
pany.in Boston wore compared with ob-
-servationa of conditions 1!n ‘tho community
Ufo of a large group. ._ Where Ife in the
home Js irksome that of a community {a
attractive, The! hours of work are long, '
but the tasks are definite and specialized.
Tho qualities demanded In the ‘helpers are
Promptnoss, oxactness and courtesy. Tho
young poopie omployed often aro irrespon-
siblo and wasteful, somo system of pro-
motion alds !n checking theso tendencies. ‘
Mrs. Dowey closed her paper with o call*
to the conference to aid in raising pubile
standards In relation to tips. Nature has
an antidote for avery polson, snd—thera-.
must. bo. some ramedy for this growing ovll. ;
Hats In theatres have ylolded to public do-*
mand and. public opinion once aroused to.
seo that tlpping and gratt aro synonymous
will necompljsh what legisiation could not
effect. i : “y
Miss Anne Barrows made a brief roport
for the committee on houschold appliances,
calling attention. to recont Inventions and’
to-othors. that might yet be. No tool, can‘
surpass tho human hand tn its adaptabitity
to differing conditions, and hands must be.
trained to use. intricate appliances, Too
often tho utensils’ offored for sale are not
gnally kont slean. Many desirable for largo’
‘familles aro quite unsultable for th :
housthold. _ eee : ®, Small
‘<The Home Economies’ Conference. should
use {ts Influenca against bad- methods ‘of
= Tho .conferonce {8 proud.: to.” number
hold administration, :"She:recelved
rom: the University ‘of’ Chicaga-
es
bullding a new house to install piping for
tho. new. methods of vacuum cleaning.
Electric Ighting too often imitates the ar-
Tangomonts more suitable - for. gas, Thera
should be moro portable lamps. We may
soon oxpeot to have refrigerating plants in
houses with apparatus, for lowering the
temperature of the rooma na desired, An
office convenience, the recording telephone.
will soon find its way into private houses.
Thero js ttle change in plumbing, excopt
In the fixtures, but a great advance in
mothodg of heating. For the next ten yeara
the high-prossure hot-water system or the
ateam vacuum plan will bo favorite ways to
heat our houses.- ¢
No famlly should undertako to bulld a
house without devoting severat months to
lanning it with the archltect. : y
| Bater Professor White gave the teachers
f domestic: science an opportunity to con-
jer with him ‘on details
its care, :
ors
of insido finish and
: :
Jon RRA AAA AAMAS
|
.|.@¢ recipe: blindly.» Mr. Edison's’ plan.
Mrs) Alice Pelonbet Norton, formerly of
-Auburndale, Mass.,-daughter of Rev, F. N.
“Polonbot.-is'an active member of the con-
ference, She js connected with “the Unl-
vorsity of Chieago ‘and ‘for soveral-'yearg
has been associated with.the Chautauqua
School of Domestic Science: eR H ah
"The Requirements of the, Modern’
. House,” was the ‘subject of a helpful lec-
ture by James McLaren White, professor
of architecture at tho Univorsity of: Ilil-
NO ee FL ena : :
“Students: of sociology find. many evils”
traced to:the dwellings of the poor, but.nq.'
one ‘knows how_myrhcelotiess "an lscomh-
} geza-ts-Bue to bad construction in: hqusonfot’
“petter grade. ‘Women ‘must.see .to it. ty
‘architects live.up to their: best.: ‘The .buAld.
ing ordinaficed, should set right standé/rds.
our Houses with screoned plazzas.ai
of-door bedrooms, :.
_-There are. new: materials and nop pro-
-cossos of treating old ones boing dlagoverad,
Concrete {s tho. much- discussed: /ou
materlal‘ot the day, but thera ta:
<wadocnot yet know about cement, and- It
-must..be used with, caution.” Many com-
parisons might be mado between .the' mix-
ing “of bread ‘and the, making jof concrete,
nd it will-not do in efther case to' folnow-
not be feasible .
‘7, The :monolithlo floors,’ metal lathe;
ter: board, eto., are: among newer: materials *
+2! ch merit.’ It is: desirable: now,-1n*
ote a
—
State N Y
[PHOTOCOPY]
ee
B-11-68
Date : State NY
ao
EOISOT FARMAN
~~ OW AIRSHIP PLANS
aie Him Diagram of an Aero-
: plane Which’ "Ought to”
[i - Rise “Straight Up."
|
NOT “SURE: “THAT IT* ‘nu
Wit of French Aviator Is Dis-|
|
|
~gusted: with Lack of Amer
ican. Support, ,
THE MANHATTAN
Press Clipping Bureau
ARTHUR CASSOT, Proprictor
CAMBRIDGE BUILDING
Cor. 5th Ave. and 33rd St., N. Y.
NEW YOrIS PARIS LONDON
Paper “jboss, f
City 1:'. i} ‘New York
Dee
EDSON HAS ~
‘WORKED OUT A
FLING MCI
State N Y
ees Seer eee.
ny = B-u oR
& : ; ‘Any one stoning’ outside of '‘Thémas.A,
aNent Edleon’s private voffice. at Orange, me In
ss he. “fest trutt, “of the” rottrement:. “of,
Thomas A-Edlson, the great, Inventor, “haa:
[come -in“‘the apnouncament. that
yesterday when Bo was In ‘close conversa-
tlon with Ienrl- Farman, master of dying
machines, would hardly bave obtalhed‘ news
ot value to sclence.- Both men talked ‘too
rapidly, ‘ ’
, A week ogo Mrs Haleon sent to Me. Far-
imap, through an“agont of the Aeto Club,
‘a poheliled aketch of a thing meant to be
fn‘ machine which Mr. Edison, anid would
Oy. ft wasn congiomersite mass of lincs,
tand each tine ‘conveyed a theory. . -Mr.
jFarinan’s trained eye ran down the ines
and be shouted with ecatany : “Here sts 6
inew theory dealing with the navigation ot
ithe alr i”
When Bir. Farman’ visited ati: Edlgon. at
‘Orange ‘yesterday be expressod bis delight
jtbat tha great Inventor had been so kind
‘as to auggest ‘ta bim an pcepbieany tal
eérialmachines. i)
H
Edison ‘Welcomies Fanny an. -
Uieste,: Farman; F om, ae to!mget you,"
inal Mr, Hdison, as Mr. and Mes. Farman,
jaccompanted by a member of the Acro Club,
who’ ouce worked ‘In Me Edison's sag
arrived,
are “beew Intereatod in fying al
pan 50h wall, 4
tha, nvantnt ya ttin tact. Io | Se fi
Didn't ree Its Exact Type
i ‘Ont Farman, -the, “Aviator,
Saw tn, Plans the: De-
sign ofa Helicopter.
‘
“SPhomas a Batson,” who, as told in
The * World exclusively Jast Tuesdcy, |:
moegns to dovoté the reat of ‘iis Jife to
“pure acience In, many fields Instead of
,@lectrical, Inventions for commerctal] ‘7
purposes, has taken up tho study of
| 8eronautics, and some day tho inventor
may turn out a practical flying machine
Mhat will be as widely in use. as the B
‘ployele, 7
ator, that some years aga?! ier, ssdison
irked a:
isa fying machine that: shoots atraigh
up inta'the alr. It is not steerable ahd
lan’t of much _ ence t para!
{gnuto attaaliment tout the:
ub Dian £0F-8 halloopter. whieh t 1
trian BOE dan Ws A Bingo
aman chipper In 35.000 of tha:
aizendy paid to Mr. Jarman, "sioney
: ‘oup o'
A New ‘offer.
Farman, on his -return ‘t
to’ town,
na a conference with his lawyer, 7Mr. 4
Pago,-and ax a result at.6..P.-at, he”
sorved formal’ notice on ‘the ‘Aeroplane ©:
iCompany that bocause of its ‘failure tale
met eo’ the payments’ agreal upon "the a
act between them was volded, and
eral men of. wea Ith | Sara’ ‘1
sropiant Clin mpaas. he it
Bowman, of St. L
A an, whee
of the Brighten Beach race. track.,
ft men made a an Otter. to to Mr.
It only developed yesterday, ‘yetion ho 1).gont z
wee renerved the right to: aug" f
visited by Henry Farman, the avi- {Ij stay ance fue him fae, the: |
ita president We :
ouls. ond: Its |”
be
t
Wizard Shows’ ‘Plans
to.Farman, and ‘He -
,
"N
JA,
“~ t
[Ffenchman and-His Wie on Visit
to the ‘Laboratory at .
*~ range, Ned.
OC —————— 4 5 Phas
4 ' : 7
Tho.'first fruit. of-the’ retirement’ of
Thomas A-Bdlson, tho great tnvontor, has,
Come -fn"'the announcement that ho has’
Invented & flying machine, which' Henry :
Farman, the French aoroplanist, thinks is‘, /'.,
etter.than tho;machino ho brought ‘from ES
France. So tnteroated was ithe Fronchr
man. that ho, went out: to the Edison |
Iahoratorioa to-day .to talk with the in- ‘
vontor: about: it.” : -
jt. Rdlson ‘has: got!no farther, xo -far,
$han the plans, but that fa tho whole Job
fivitn date, © Ho sont to Mr, Furman you:
j|terday Plans for'a ship that would, not
‘anty," fly, but would ascend from tho
)sround-atraight™up.to the helght at which
dts'ftght'might' begin. “Mr, Farmai's ma:
Shido ds handlcaped ‘by tho” nacosalty ot
ag. with a running ‘atart-on whools. “
\ The ‘French’: neronaut’ was ‘surprisod “’, - 23 on
‘when ho ,recelved the'tplans. -Ho ‘didn’t.
Weed ite ee deeply Intor-) «” ‘
fested. in. the subject, of fyihg machines...
;With the. plans came an invitation to tho | /
aeroplanist and hia wife’ to visit Mr. ca
}Hdison at Orange, | So, -with'his wifo and '
Willlam J, Hammor ‘of tho Aero‘Club, ‘ho,
‘went: out to-day tothe Edison Isbora-
{tortos, 'Thoy wii! spond”tho day with tho
inventor, and will go over tho subject of
'fying machines, ‘
;* ‘Though Mr, Dllison's plans for an alrahip ,
shave not beon finished. jn. tho dotall that
br constructor would require before tho
work: of -building might -begin,’ the rest
of ‘the work-ie more ‘dotall, The innin
principles on which the machine will riso |,
and thonsfly: have bean'settted bystho-In- ‘
ventor.: Hota entisfied that Httle moro
tssloft than to put tho thing together and
start -tho fight, ?
The subject cathe up the other day whon 4
Augustus ‘Rost of the ‘Acro Club who Ys
feleud of Mr, “Farman, wos-calling' on! M
Badleon.“Thoy*talked"of Farman and al
Abips,“and Mr, Edison sat down there and
row a-rough sketch of on alr-
Bip’ which he bellevod would rise: and
would 'fy, Mfr, Post was ‘charmed, and-ho
rought the ‘sketch over to Mr. Farman. «..+
“Why, :that lu*better.than’my machine,%
ho;Frenchman:exclaimed enthuslastically.
Hojreadily.agreod,.to talk over,the subject
with'thoinvontor, ‘+ * ad
\eMr.' Farman’ feels econaldorably put out
p vhis financial experionce in the United.
states. |Hoe thinks it is about tlme that
BeY was pald for somo of his:work, Al-,, ,'
wéady he-has made throo filghta per day. '*
forrfive days for the Acroplane. company, |.
Bnd-has recolved only $1,680 in cash. Mr,
cMechin aatg that $3,000 moro was duo,
‘anda dillihas been rendered. Unless it.
AwIpold by this evening tho, ‘aoronaut will *
nO more business with‘ tho’ company, .
He: was to have $20,000 for all hia work,
and:ho does not like tho poor prospact: of
‘getting the amount.<:- . - aitae os Mh
MeAnyway, If ‘tho company falls to make
‘good: by thia ovoning Mr. Farman will
(Pack his machino and with’ his wifo wil
460. over to Paris, whero: thay havo ¢
‘gagements,
B-11-6Q
Dato ; State N Y
ao}
EDISON TIPS FARNAAN
ON AIRSHIP PLANS
I
Gives Him Diagram of an Aero-
| plane Which “Ought to”
20 Rise “Straight Up."
et : /
NOT ‘SURE THAT IT “WILL
Wifé-of French Aviator Is Dis-|
~gusted-with Lack of Ame
/¢* Joan Support.
| : %
| -
V-Any one Msteaing’ outside of ‘Thomas. A,
Edison's private office, at Oratige, iN.
yesterday when he was !n close conversa-
tlon with Honrl. Farman, mantor of fying
machines, would hardly have obtained nows
of value to aclence. Both men talued ‘too
tapldly, . : '
) A Week ago Mr. Edison sent to Mr, Faee
itaan,, through an‘agont of the Aero zl
|
‘a pobellled sketch of a thing meant to bo
in machine which Mr, Edison, sald would
fy. {ft was A conglomerate mass of Ines,
‘and egch Iino “conveyed o theory, Mr.
jHarman's trained eye tan down the Mnes
‘and be shouted with ecatasy: “Here.ls a
{new theory dealing with the navigation of
ithe ale!" ‘
When Me. Barman’ visited Mr, Edison. at
‘Orange ‘yesterday he cxpressod bla delight
‘that the great Inventor hod, bean so kind
‘qs to auggest ‘to him an Improvomont ty!
j serial machines, as .
{Edison ‘Welcomes Farman. - ;
Use, Parman; Fam glad to/meat you,"
igaid Mx, Edlson, ox Mr, sud Mra. Iurman,
jaccompanied by a member of the Aero Club,
| wo": onc0 worked ‘In Mr, Hdlson'a shop,:
artlyed, . : aa |
“4Y have beow Interested tn dying tine
ebinos,"* anid the inventor, In fact, Psent:
to you my ‘Idea of a machine which woutd|
Net itael’ fron tho. ground aud dyin what-
‘sodver diréctton the operator willed, Un-
derstand, Mr, Farnian, this-té oniy an idea,
T-hava no dreposittyn to bulld a machiag,
netthor havo 1 the the. But it certuinly
cooks well on piper, does it not? dir.
‘Arnian agreed with greut onthuslasm,
“Once upon a‘thme,” continued Edison,
“1 gavo, Ung machices o Krent deal of
thought, ut tny Investigatioh hay heen
along tha Nne of throries, I do not. balieve
in the ditigibls. ballvon. I-hava an idea
that the plaoy pt a helikopteru machine,
which will rise fn a yerticle Nue from the
ground, niust.be a part of the dylug ship
of the futuce, We will tly, all tight, but
ft will be tu the hoavier-thanalr machines
when we come down to a practic) basis.
hYou ga ahead and demonstrate on my
theoplea, and whet you have perfected o
craft that Is perfectly sate 1 will tako a
trip to Ban Francisco with you,"
the Hdlson iden of Wfting an jeroplane
by ‘menny of & horlzontn! propellor on -a
veetlen! shaft, was explalued by another
lnveutoy to je American, hare ire to
r ebay takes “The uylator,
Ja Nis ‘ant, liy merely. ahttting the welyht
of his body to‘any dosirdd angle, muy, It
is matntniaed, change the direction of the
Heroplane at Mite ne borse power, it ty
contended, will ba capable of lieting
thirty-two pounds, and remerknablo apec
ba attained wit! itty hotso powor,
At tho Aator Matej, whither Mr. Farman
returued from hia visit, to Mr. Edison,
there was uncertainty as to the acronaut’s
future course. ‘
Farman Out a Lot of Money.
Mr, Warman anid he would begin action
jagdlost the St, Louln membors of tho Now
York ‘Acroplane Company for something
Ilke $14,000, He recolved $7,000 ou a
part of this‘contrict, and holla that tnns-
nich ashe has fuldlicd the-terma of hie
contract fa Now. York and is willing to'go
on-ag he- agreed, thora is ‘no reason pd
be should not. bo abte to collect. And col-
leat ho will, $f the French Consul will find
timo to push the sult. | *
“lf the Aniericans tere to he trented
to a donkey race, they would have {come
{4 Brighton Beach In great numbers,” sald
re, Barman, “All the Aniericnans watt
2 fun, If Mr. Iarman wera to try’ to
fenk his’ neck, I anppore the multitide
you bo Interested aufficlently to dock
o thé. track, Alt thoy want fs fon, If
it, werd fon" Mr. Farman. were providiiys,
Instead. of giving to Belonén one of Sta
rentost leasour, 1 guess there would havi
een n gent déal of interest tn ale teints. |
“t hate Yost four months of my exnorl-
ental work,” nald Mfr, Farman, aadly, — |
May Fly in Philadelphia.
Mr. MoMeckin, who represents the Bt.
Louls syndicate, sald Inte Inst eventug that
It was possible Mr. Farniau would appear
‘ltw Phitadelphla on Saturday, He sald
“We are fanured that Mr, Farman is
legally able to exblblt his machine under
t]new inghagemarity ood We eamnton, Ine
ne of; nants
‘ iret Tr amole, he figlite 11 tb Unita
‘)stutos, will suave the nvlittor fo tone aH
he [a willing to give éxhibltiany, lt ts
i wonalute Mr, Farmall yt le acen in sey.
‘Jeral big cltlos durlig the next few weoks.
nn
THE MANHATTAN
Press Clipping Bureau
ARTHUR CASSOT, Proprictor
CAMBRIDUR BUILDING
Cor. 5th Ave. and 33rd St., N.Y.
NEW YORK PARIS LONDON
ee se
Paper i jE seg ‘of
Cityt;'. | 1 “New York
Date State N Y
FDISOW HES =
vi
‘WORKED OUT A)
FLING MACHINE
‘Didn't Know. Its Exact ‘Type
nti; Farman, tho, Aviator,
Saw In. Plans the »De-
ee sign of a Helicopter.
8
co Thomas A,. Edison,’ who. as told in
‘Tho World exclusively Jnst Tuosdey,|:
eqns to dovoté tho reat of ‘his Jifo to
“pure acience In many fletds instead of
j.electrical snventlons for gommerctat) i tile :ratura #6 tow
. » ‘ an, 0 wn,
| keronauticn, and some day tne imseatea| (adr coneerenee, with his lewyor Ar
{
dian a result at.G PM. he
May turn out a practical flying machine pore’ ‘ormal ‘notice on tho ‘Aeroplane
Mhat will be as widely in ‘use as the} |. Company, that bocauso of its fallure to
Peyeles - Ly males te iecen them was voldeds and
It only developed yestorday, whan he |tl contract ad ‘ita right to sue" for. the
-wea visited by Honry Farman, the avi-{li'balance due him, 8 wg etn
@tor, that some yoam ago ‘Mr. tdison i Several men of wealthare’ In ‘the
\ oplant Gimpuny, tts president ts
rted_outs Dian fore holleopter,which |i! semuel Bowman, of St, Louis, ‘and ita
ig x Aying machino that shoots atraight |! trewsurer rita gteyneomans | ware
up Into'the air, It is not steerable and |} of the Brig Noney
fan't of much use except with a para-| Tngeman cae Termen.: Semone
ghuto attachment, Witnout the tatter |], 5!h" Rroup of men made on offer to Mr,
4A berten who Kot up in the alr in al) yarman last night, through ‘Mr, Mac:
| heloopter would nave his choice of Buty. ll Meckin, to pay him a certain sum if he
ng there or coming down with @ emash.{*| would tour ‘the country and” make
iv.’ Edison's: intercat in aeronautics Ii| qights in his aerdplane, Mr. Farman
revived "in the pnot rew days, and }}| sot his own price and also the condition
Was eugor to have Mr. barman'’s ex-[l{that ho be pald In full in advande, Nhot
erionced Judgment of the valua of hislt| jy the only condition on which he -wilt,
] ideas. Tho, vislt. of tho aviator to the| navigato American’ alr in future. “-
{pvontor; wan arranged by Augustus i “Lido not expect anything to come of |
ost and Willian; J. Hammer, of thet} thin seoand ofter,’jsald Mr. Farman, to |
i “Acro Club of America. ° i a World roporte: T plan’ 4o/ sali: Cor |
Ki Be :Eagerly Accepts, Fyance In threa.ol , Four days, aad this |
ough upset by the tin new company Mast se vy her
{of tha cohune by wirely ayaa te eae quickly. 1 do nut proposo to stay here
‘nie country and give expibitons in hiv fi] and linggle with them. we fl
Geroplune, str. Matinun auxeriy accepted poms: we
{tho uivitation to viet wir, wdlaon, Ho
) Went along with Mr, Hammer and tovlc!
Bre, farmiun, a.s0 (Wu triends, Ma, and}
Mr. ‘Edison gteetod the party at his |
laboratory In Liewerlyn, N. J. He and!
‘}Atr, Farman at once begin to talk iys
‘ing macmiues. Because ut Mr. Edison's
doafness, Mra. Marman,. whose votce 14
.clegrer and hor enunciation more dis-
tinct than. hor shugband's, repeated
most of Mr. Farman'’s replies and {n-
{ate dtaon to. expl
itr. Edtaon to explain his conception
of a machina that jolt Ay drow a
rough outline of jus plan, Aftor a mo-
[Menta suudv of tho cruge drawing Mr.
Marman recognized in the frurriedly
drawn tings te pian of o helicopter,
Ho told Mr. Edison the name of the
mashing and Mr, Idisin repiled:
jor didn’t sot out tv plan'a huncopter,
an orthoplen, an aeroplane or anything
eee with & name. All E tried-t oda wag ig
(fe,work out soinething that would fly.”
Yess" you can ‘tly in shut,” repiled
Mey aa glad to'hoor it, b ,
{Tam glad to hear it, but I won't,"
anid ‘Mr. Edison, “I am’ willing\to the-
orlz about fying machines, but I draw"
the Une at domonstrating them," °
yMr. Farman expinined to Mr. Edison
the value. of tho aeroplano, and its ad-
vantnges over the holicopter, Mr. ale
aor thought the hollcopter lind ono nd-
Vantago'in that It didn’t roquire wheals
itd start ite Night. Mr, Farman ex-
Pinte at tho wheels ‘on hls aero-
. re: e necessary for Jandln:
than|atarting. Ho explained by onylne
‘thot if his’ aeroplane wore | brought
down to earth while going at a speed of
‘thirty’ miles’ an hour and came. to a
yfull stop the moment it hit the ground
naverything ‘would go‘to smash, *
E “Mr. Edison at ‘once suggested that a
peombfation aeroplane ‘and helicopter
~would bo advantageous, Tho propalier
trigmed'on the vertical siatt could bo
: mantel te
> pert Licerets iain taeihl
hop tho aeroplane propeller ‘could he
Yaet' Jn motion when the desired altl-
etude had bean renched, to‘drive it In
‘anv dlroction the aviator cared to so.
4 Mr, Fartnan told Mr. Edison he hoped’
“he would take hold of the gubfoct with
«tho determination to work out a prac-
ttieal machine, + fea,
F "Te you do,’ sald the Frenchman. :“'T
am mire your wonderful gonlus will be * aeeeteae
of tremendous: yaluo {to the sclence of
aviatlon. asx you witt undoubtedly work ine
out a machine that ja Car ahend of any-
thing we lave in mind to-day.”
The visit, which Included a look
through the Taboratory, insted about
tivo hours. When it wan over Mr. Far-
,man anid:
i “Mr, gdlson would. ako mo no
romine that he would sgain take up:
the atdy of aviation, but I am hope
ful that ho will, Once a man begins to}
study it ho is bound to icontinue, It.
iLeontainn all the obstacles and dificul- -
tios which ‘appeal to an Intellect I1eh |
tar, Edison's, To has a' brain” that! aenie
‘Toves to overconic tho rertingly Inrpor-
‘gible and bring about undroamed of re-!
vguita.””
A New Offer.
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
Fo Thev structural cement’ experiments
now being conducted by Mr. Edison is
likely, tos revolutic ize, the building
Vive. aa ng
a ae
Dui : : ea
bee by ‘tho pouring “
af “chemist “and? su a «this: maryelous man Le) s te}
ef ist‘ and’ superinten- irt3.of...this: maryelous..man) frrigmog AC Edison. clectrician’ at
the’works’ of” the wizzard' of more for the’comfort and safe vantor, who is-visiting. in Gpokati
‘of the human family than’ anything
up to ps
De. Ki ii
Ito ria high eek AP ot fraduate
ind:aled" of
‘ith his wife afl daughter, thus sal
Hig: Jast word. in. the controyors:
Sow hours eho
‘stauide, complete, tat fire, cansot
‘Talvabout*Adladdin’s lampt. Giv
proper. ber sof flasks, and! the™
ind + he Fay uid a
‘Arabian: night's’ to: sham i
‘make’ then hide their diminished h
Out® of: this man’s: brain* ai
rf
has come the escape, from tl alty-
‘of ‘our. depleted forests, for his mntorials:
exiat. ins viper.
ae
iJ
ing unlimited, quantiti Hew;
a Sine
hidden, nnd comp!
4. “SLIULY ou
FeO it, Wa Pret tnfellinanen,
SbP. 12 1909
ee”
‘Noted Inventor Has Given: Up
_ Commercial Side ef
~ + His Work:
DOING. THINGS: HE: 1
Advocates’ Developmient ‘of ‘Water
. Power and Hopes to Find an Eco-
“nomical . Substitute: for Coal to
Furnish Energy for the Future’
x
KES
Ivo. m, at whore magic. °
el s eHT” of ‘alectricity, be--
“come obodlent slaves, fs in Seattle. The
“wizard” ts taking a long deferred va-
cation.and, accompanied by his wife
and. daughter, 'he ts visiting places he’. -
on
: te Bae i rt
Snover. séen Lbefore,- enjoying - lite
“rationally and: working at those.things,
Which ‘are’ a ‘reoreation,
to-hia busy ;brain.: i...
:Mr,- and ‘Mrs,’ Edison
nfarriy
pleasure
Inboratorics, ‘
or St
avery ‘winter with his: family, he, has.
Well: equipped jlaboratory, and:'on this
“thePacific .coaa
‘| ready,,
red by Long. Journey".
it fevening whon. Mr. -Edlson ar-
J -tived= from. the~ north’ he .was weary
from. the tong journey from Luggan,
Alborta, and immediately retired. Al-
though. Mr, Edison has advanced the
theory. that.four-or five hours’ sleep a
day ts sufficient, he told Mrs, Edison
last evoning..that hoe ‘purposed slecping
twolve hours, ad that he did not wish
to be disturbed, °“S.
—. “Mr, Edison ta in the best of. health,”
sald)Mra, Edison last evoning. “Tio
Journey. of twenty-four hours was ta-
-dious and. tiresome -and- he -retired- ut
once. ° pom SD tee
“Our trip to the Pacific const is ono
. that my “husband hes long promised: us.
‘Until: recently. he found it imposstbts
to lenvoe his work. When.we started
for the West he had planned to set
‘everything astde and to enjay-the trip.
“We havo enjoyed it excoadingly, “We
have boen going from place’.to -pince,
‘| stopping for.a day or two aa .the fancy
took us, and went on when’ we were
*
ee : Jotting Down Notes’
“Nave scldom soon Mr, Edison more
cheerful and in bdettor health than he
has -boen since we ‘loft home. “While
he cannot give up his work, even: on w
pleasure trip, what ho docs Is-more in
the naturo of recreation than labor. He
has his-.note book. with him constant-
ly and ho ‘frequently makes notes of
idens that come to him which will be
devoloped whon he returns. home, . At
the proper time ho. will’ arrange: his
-notes systematically and. will-. have
everything in order, Be Ave ey,
I have long wished him to give up
“his hard work in his Jaboratory, but
he ecannot leave tt entirely. In-Florida,
Where wo spend the winter, he has «
laboratory. at our home, where he
sponds a ‘large part.of each day. .
“No, he-has nothing of the. sort on
| this trip," said Mrs. Edison, in response
to a question. -“He is~ doing_no. re-
i search work now, unless, thinking over.
* probloms can bo' called that. One can-
;Not-ceaso to think, and ‘Mr. Edison
, doubtless: has many questions which he
is atriving. to solve, 7 pans
“I do not ‘know -how long we shalt
stay in. Seattle. ‘Perhaps over Sunday.
Wo shall go from here to. Portiand
and return East through Colorado,”
: Tavestigating Water. Power,
‘ peas ’
+ Mr. Edison believes that: the do-
pletion of the world’s ‘storchousos: of
coal is one of the most serious prob-
lems which confronts the sctentists of
today. - One of the things.‘he is en-
deavoring to discover is a substitute
for-coal, which will produce heat, light
and other forma of energy cheaply.. He
has. advocated:the full development of
tho immense water power now golng to
waste, wt ~ ‘ :
(2 many parts of the-country. there
1s “sufficient water going to waste’ to
| take the place of coal,’-At present the
} limit --of” tranamission “of electrical
energy’ for commercial purposes js
about 500 miles, so that the power must ,
origin.” ant 2 ia,
T.:Edison. hay made investigation
into the immense water power in Wash-
ingtop-and tho Pacific Northwest. . -
be used within the area. adjacent to its
o‘hascbeen working for months on
Qn apparatus for the roduction’ ‘of
‘ortland cement. He predicts that con-
rete willtHe the building: matorial of
tho’tuture and that comfortable, health-
tdi. dwellings will bo .bullt in a day
at'a cost that-will make it:easily poast-
ble for ‘the ‘average wage earner to
have his own home. Ho-has already
made thin; Wnt. tile Anentionin
- & wonderful iron. mold that makes
3 crete houses-alt In gno‘piece,! -
areas |
Seattle Feat “Tntel | Igeucel”
q-| Zr oF
cpprere dhe eh ttee oe
‘intateate
thon
Keith sig
oN Se rf
terlstlaxor
, saturin loner ie
vhelahtr ven vy.4180
uy fchal
Any
(3 net surprise t
fauchi: oe eden sel ad
pected 0 Andina’: marswhi 8 r
ion 20 ou A fori. ATEN OF:
6 \wornen’ calli Yay unde’
fol nor} ‘doesnit seomt tothayes 3
fs on mae ere : 4 toy
rerctivae aos de. outsoth A qetaere
<Thatis
ruling Evite ricksSyou'seo,/Then' “theno (formajare!
Es alnceat oe! ee teolientt
| Spothor, ‘une four electro "do: 5: if oollar
Sapp nile to! | ae ie ie ie ms =
mitt na thred yes
nar wie
a.)
ythe
iti ca sei tidealg nasthaty|? nen
lyrornamienta! whic ith eon:
ly S50 ‘and'!a?mouldéd aVintova Uapet
For tbequtitut) fa
The? concrete ‘1s «mixed t very: niqulas Uritoutt
Feeipmmationl) peoplottnink concrete sean't:be' Du
mem) Weroeatonspuoeas oy vabout u9¢
sane yrni=thine conoretonteth 4)
pot: the wall : cae
" G , gre’ delivered, by213" spouts dun!
mee operat se yey SAL are’ evitiely/ filleaia a ovaelom
that! ta! After bere jwe: iri cvenn
Pot" Menlo Dare it: ay oul Yh
ow very" much ‘interested “tn\
ents; with concretes,:“'Tenay
pibre tru kag is
hhansover “alls otra
i Y eh : t al oka mtainate
ti ay a { sh cae thiatjai<a hives algh Esntronis
yi succeed,
‘ thernacesslty?
i ame Ss better" ories for sheulabotln
tho \Leliow who (earn:
pour anges atter,'
thet alumi ‘Newwar: ff
tisk lecree apost rei tal’ for ay “i
oxt3) pains ajumonth:
rite ‘and! peretoll or
fh tor? §1,60a
jetin
ton!
walls ASU inet
ugh’, oupeat Nitbe’ ant:
f jenaivo..t-" Sixt sets YofX molds, erloughr‘ta:
rat Fy oon, Ty Ithayt!
$11
ta Cea
vi
sy; oarr! od feveryaiday: a cpmme: fal arid scientific, w:
astlorithes the bes teriologists ?'4
ssmuch} to: vets SA GPY| ae tay
‘stations: 1
tofsthedunt, enas
Yoondltions' Sy is A Ul
voyaren ‘ eeuppertant invention Welt,;|' aud ‘aad
aie ees to Dik a apy
ure’
mureTefigured ‘that’ 4 that soudd was’
H eee thet rate. pt *30
y pe lS it.
ido tha. ‘tolaphone ‘i
the“talking * ‘end: folie Ball
Me rae :
PEt ta 0,0
pa they:s'cou
ama oy inventlazis
Bardia, tyout inva ste
thyelu
‘ui eyes
“Wall you've got’
peyt':something.* ko", $3
vt mks and other. Bo
and, s, canes su)
rdf him“ verify,’ most: of-them.
;don'txeat!-much: ‘That dinner 1° kepty,
ewaltlngiéh: me fo: co Isted ‘of -avbowl! of
“for lunch, - Peop
{| much‘ élt'ssa: very ‘bad: habit:
.{'s0, ittlevall' these yenrs:that my‘ stomach
“BrOWD' Bo! amall: {t'doasn't‘take*much {,
kag, ofl *ithzF Dating: ‘largely a habit,” ike!s
ve shave ideinking:: whisky Vand playing. poker.““/Bo }
ae ia":(sleaping:! Fout'*hours enough f
‘ont! *.
fiikalyl aa jot, athoy<will’ goto: tha)
ra) in ie akye and? playspoke
nat
a sclence ie A
kota bette and winghy
or ni, I‘ worked: at jit
hie f2¢'tortmora; tha: 26;
‘ongtitution’thatwean't +
“sgund all through.
jzard ‘spoke of the activity of ‘the
‘in’,tho- fold: of ; *invontlo fan
‘that, rom 4
‘gave-mo"his*hand,
boon’:
Like ethelstowndl te
0. ‘30jyears
50."
steer champagne.
‘edi ort fo ors, SAAN y ‘ood thore.!. ‘miasod:ibeing. !
arto *in}| t “the?
fsa atumbled'ton*<the!
t i
segue i to‘hi :
mae 4
i:
'
i
i
[
EDISON PLANS”
ci 10 at
Tho ‘base ‘of ra of
the’ framework . ots
-aittole an
bbe :
“the” ' +
“frame “are .aeen 2
avinpee at the ton, ‘it .
are dight:wheels ‘below ai
“elght abdve, “arranged In two c!
fastened” frvolves | about
tlonagy’ tripdd. +2. 4
Jar “wing: to the tHeht. are’ ‘piano:
forte wired. :Wheit notin ‘action;
5 ithe swyrea | are wound automatically $ At.
“or He “Wheel#—hale., on- the” upper ,
If.on the tower
‘i Re tane. ‘patra, gt whee! ts... The’ Ne tHe.
tle rectangle iit: the’ outer gnds pi
i the Wires: “spteten! “plang. Wh
VELOCITY “IS. NEEDED)
Automatic” ‘Mechariism ‘ “Aust
Eliminate ; as Far as Possible.
Hyman Penne
i
yn. by. the ‘clock springs
els, rest close In bes}
the révols ig frame, ry
‘The mot starts, teentritugal force
. Carles t! planes’. outward ‘as ‘t!
apead in
ithe Blane
Waly at firs bit:more ‘rapidly uni
lanes,are th: only pate ones. sthe ‘yiner’ sing 5 centrifugal,
3 Will not stand’ the anes --pareles 2,
, the “conte
RANEAS CITY, Mo., Sept Methomas
A Edison, Xho, atopped here" ‘an his |
home titer & Vadatton in, the
the acctdent that - ‘Nontroyed “his” aero-
plane, . “‘Kiod his confBanton and seriously
fi, ccd “Tinsel
“But it was
. : “Gxportmmented with re
4 ago In'my shop and
‘ried Out in. this pe of
A rat i jergsula prove a succensful :
The Wrights have had brilliant sijecess’ apabi frat ning “8” volocity . of! m nine, But tym not dn the flying busi-
erably * more: ina imtle A “min- esa myself," Sie the inyentor” emited
iniciplea’‘Of the shellocgptor, | an unmistakroly Mirthtu) smile.
ttied ‘In & model, ma-{ «what Be ‘become, of your efforts to
y “Jamos ‘Gorgon constrict: fight stOrags attery’
ri Herald, ‘They the next q
‘| to ‘answer,
upon ‘the: nan ° 1
too. much humanity and “not-
Ith
a thoughtful ‘Inclination .of chis math
matical head YThe principal Fall
in ‘by! electeical pom
not” ‘adapted to ‘carrying © heavy welgi ry
and are therofnre not commigretally” i
portant, either for warfare’ ‘or traffic, -
“Heltocopter”® is ‘a word ‘cotned' by Mr.
{| Edfacn to déscrite a flying machine that
i Utts itseit by qapldly “revolving: ‘tans{a’ it
4] Which turn on a’ verticat axis. ‘The word
- is” formed from ithe Greek’ “hellx,’*
meaning spiral, !
“"Do you - think * the heliocopter. ' wilt
rovorcoma these’ ‘dlffcultles - you ispeak
oft" he. was dsked. .
4 Woutd, Go “Mite a Minute.
\ - “O, "the? ‘Heltacopter’ in ariother matter. expli ined. + “Velocity and safety
4 The plans of the aeroplane ‘are so large and power, . Here with ‘these piano wires
a[that they are unmanageable Ing storm uncollqd by’ centrittigal- force untlt thesé
a on Uwhir|w! ind. “The “experimenters, pilot {Weele planes deserlba a radius of.100 fest,
tr nianes about the fleld cat oj juat” “think, the -veloatiy’ +}
section boss laying” See’
PS °
plans and siviag. orders” for, the foll
at, my sfactory “In: ‘Orange, || i
a, aré' 180-trattic trucks andy‘
“equipped ‘with’ this ‘pattern.
been in use ‘only a fow weeks
> ntistactary. The: batteries’
aylation,” " Inconte master Patiootry drew gee
“paper two fough “outfines of:the They have
and sre ¢
weigh 4.
a heavy, 20
welgh only
horsepower: ° Thus
jorsepower truck battery will
+0 pounds, which 1s Nght for,
a-battery.’ It ‘will run all
charged at olght.”
ident hellocopter. " .
aclt, is
2» yeirm old,
his life by"
json “o: ce aeas: “Mix,
Boston, Mass, - ~ Traveller
OW. 6 188)
Even-Staid Professor .
“Take Notice.
tA? phonograph on tho stops ot one
(ote ‘Harvard's oldest and most dignified
dormitories has cauaed something ofp
‘werlsation in the college yard. ‘
Tks a priviloge of seniors, on nee
count: of the dignity -they are ordinarily
‘supposed to possess, to act, on occa
nti as frisky as ‘thoy choose, and this
ith reason why the owner of the ma-
‘chine, which Js powerful enough to be
heard’ two blocks off? wound it up Just
xe “tho -bustest time ‘of the noon hour,
and.sot It golng onthe front steps ot
Holworthy ‘hall, the dormitory in. the
fan iee yore. which is: sacred: to seniors.
ess than no time: the bonches In
front of Hotworthy had (led with a
gaping audience, and as tho streanis of
men:poured Into tho yard when the. bell
yang for 1:30 lectures all hends were
noise in search of tho * mysterfous
yar" down tho yard. figures could ba,
‘neon, standing stock:.still, and others:
Sontinuing tho march,” but. busty “rub-'
bering in the directlon of .tha noiso,
.Grave professors stulked out of, tholr
Jeatare rooms -with notebooks undor the:
arm,;,to. qfiear. the minute (they cama. to.
penalty Hop attains. of -n0.
peallng: down thropgh ':the
elms of ‘the: yard." .", aia
rE when any “one came ‘ilong” ti* front!
he steps? where: tho. machino r was!
,buslly worsing, the row of seniors, on!
ing Benches would shout by way of."c
jon:
,o“it'e tho first of the ‘yard: concert
‘Jack,” 1nd, satistied with this oxplana=,
tion of the strango antics, the. ‘mani
would stop and Join the audience, which}
Tasted .18 long.as tho phonograph recs.
‘ords, Business was ‘practically. seo
pended in the yard as long ne t he icon}
certs lasted. Professors. wen
ning, and.. ‘nothing butcthe-d iy
have: i. sala ey
is them 4 from y' May ings to. Joly the
wt They Are and Hove a
sate ee
‘Play Them on Your”
Phonograph
Ay
iednraN ANNOUNCEMENT.
poe tas ; ;
: Wo take great pleasure in announe-
ing ta the thousands of delighted awn- 1
ers of Eq honographs .a) number;
of changes and Improvements in both!
Phonographs and ‘Records, which will’
add much’ to thelr pleasure In the cu
‘ture. ;
. Despite the! great popularity of the”
‘Eadtson Phonograph tr its present for!
and the Edison Records, the result: of
2. series’ of experiments made by. Mr.
Edison and his agsoclates {n his Inbora-
tory-at Orange, adds to what we now:
‘have: to. offer ‘inusic lovers ,the fol-*
‘lowing very Interesting iImprovemen:
1A new Record made of a now.
‘composition, by ‘a new process and
‘playing an average of more than four:
minutes. :
This will -be known as the Edison
Amberol: Record. Its most, important
‘teaturg . 3° a recording: thread of. 200
Anes -to the: Inch, Or twice as fine .as
ithe “present Record: of 100 threads.. By
{this.! means :more' than .twiea the play:
Ing tength 1s, secured. without increas:
hg the length or diameter: of the Rec-
rat Itself.
{/ Since tho! finer. thread + required a
sinalter. reproducing point: it -became,
mecessary! touting a amposition,
Ithat- would successfull the’ wear.
ior: ‘the smaller: reproducar.. «Tho. suc
hei and Recurate moulding: of 0:200-:
thread . Record;' formed>iof asimuch:
htabgher- composition; also :nevessitated,
changes-and retlneménty in°our motitd.!
ane process, * tba ytd
+ More. than two years have heen! spent
fin, experimenting to. secure these re-!
sulté, the work jaf. several experts hee;
ing constantly directed anil; ae
by, Mr: ‘dlaon,
The'-Edison’ ‘Ambator Recor Is the.
”_finiout' wonderful: Production ‘of its’ kind
“ted
- the. world ‘haa neon, -The’ engrave
ound waves’ aro'so.minute that the
foyd: Cannot *foliow™ them, and yet the
iounds -
(clearly, :
“ar6. reproduced ,oven more
mora, naturally. and, moro,
sthe- presont : “Record, At
hoy. dro. whore- y- durable
. The pre
"Phew . — Alen.’
*. Tho. Edison sAniBorol Record. will’ bo |
sold' 0 canta: cach;" making {tthe
Ice Record ‘now: sold, consld-+
coring also-thdt Itiwill play longer thin
any other talking inachine record: now.
efoto’ tha puplie, poe
"Q—K nerles,of attachmonts by whteh
nt sight’. cost,- all. present . Phono-,
teraphs, except. tha, Gem, may be equip.
jped to play. the. longer Record in addi-,
tlon to thio, ‘present: ono; ve
« With a! Rebord! of a Aner. thread it
‘becamon neceasary;. to joffer an’ attach,
herebst.tha new Record can .be.
ori” tha jold Phonograph; ‘80.
4 uy’ aw “Phonegiaph in order to ‘play,
‘tho how ‘Records. ”
“Biyo™ ‘attachments - are required * “to!
irunsform’ ‘old Edison Phonograph!
“that: iy play the. Amberol
Mocorde
“The ‘first is a “altterential gear which
at Is. compilinatively: ensy to attach: to
‘any > Edison” ‘Phonograph, - except the
Gom, and Which, by changing tho?
‘speed of the,arm which carrics tho re-!
‘producer, mikes It possible to. play!
either the two- minute: or four- minute:
‘Records, .
‘The second is a new producer with;
‘a tine enough reproducing point so
ithat it.can be used in the’ finer on-;
(Sraving of new Records,
- Attachments will be sold at the fol,
[towing prices;
For Standard Phonogriphs, - $5. 00.
each; for Home’ and Triumph Phono-:
‘Braphs, $7.50 eneh, «
‘ These attachments aro now on alo!
‘at our store, we will explain also the.
‘method of attaching.
te J—Several.;:new types... of: 'Bduion
‘Phonographs dy which both the prea
ent and the new ‘Record may be play:
ed at the pleasure of the operator, .
Three new, types of Phonographs:
Which tire now for Kalo fér playing. both’
tthe two- minute: ‘Recards and the Am-i
‘berol ‘Records, Will be culled the TE
jHon Standard “Phonagraph . Combina-
‘tlon Type, Edison Home, Phonograph
iCoinbination tyne and the, Edison Tri-'
‘umph ‘Phonograph, ‘Combination Type.
be ‘Tho’. div '’typés"of, Edison’ Phono-
lgraphs will bo sold at: F
yiidlson Standard: Combination “Type: 330,
Edlson Home Combination 'Pype . 340°
Edison Triumph Combination Typo $60
}. We .WIll continue to sell the Gem,
‘Standard, Home- and ‘Triumph Phono-;
igraphs at, the: saino prices as. before, :«
*, Tho Importance, sof thesa limprovo-*
iments cannot, be ovérestimted. * Tyery-:
,one who has ever" had any Intercat’ in
‘the’ Edison Phonograph will dnd that!
interest « greatly’ Increased .and” his:
lamusement : :greatly enhanced :by “hear-:
fing © the! Amberol Records, which 260,
longor,: sweeter, and better. -
i;:All great: Improvements in tho way
at reproducing .sound have been ‘mado!
iby the National Phonograph Company,;
jana thig. last. Ampyovement—that: is, ‘tho,
‘long Record—muakes ' the Edison Phono-|
‘graph unquestionably, the -bost Pho a!
jograph for: pleésuro, ‘or Instruction i
a Let is: adda new “attachinen
ondgraph.” .*
oe
plang tathaolaie agate
cea |
ers™'crosa+compopind ’condond.
sused_ to oy: eruehary is.
1 iéthetitop!
%
at sLalsng ‘ weight
aight tosetantegoteen eee
sizo for; fine grinding. in*teea:thi
Auté,tand ‘caused’ uch tinto:
ong itho- engineors “of.
“¢Tho,dryer*furnieos’ proinext ‘visite
Thesg ‘havo sa‘ capneity3/of%260 "tons ipert
hour,: Tho"'party then‘praceedéd to tha
rock stock house which fine nw eapneity” f
12,000 ‘tons of crushod:‘stone dolivered: {
from-the erusher bys a belt convoyor,.+
dpvith* an’-vnutomatio*eampler.!
© ‘qaimplo< evoryhaninute tof the.
stone depositediin-the |
hhis “insures” n*'porfecs,
ice:
voiding ‘any; possible
Lurotof-tho-raw materia
The party. then ‘prdceeded
grinding: roym: whiel’ contains: Betts
of ‘grinding: rolla, ‘cach. rolf ‘having -#, ens!
ty;.of, 200*tons of ‘crushed ‘stong “por s
fours’ Here! the’ roek* ound, Lo. such! its
Oneness 3° that: .85 2-per MN
| Ubrough?a: 200! mesh jsereo: CECH
which ::las440,000 . oporiings *fporv “squat
inch A? Phils “rocks is gropnd.undeis, uw press}
sure of, 100,000 poids,’ rolls running
at'200 vrevolutions~:
nute.’ Theses
rolla“are ?28inehes? moter” with’
eevee gnere ae z inches; face, ai driven by tone-700 lor
epg ‘Ipowor;vertical' cross-compoung/engine.
Ae: SPECIAL* oes! Sas eer ern
_— Wwhich-’ ten of: the largeat-kilns-in ‘oxist-;
Sidi | Serna
Were Guests of Thomas: Edi
\ ed By Mr.(Mallory: and ‘Mr.
“! Shown? tho' Wonderful; Workings’; of!
the {Extonsive;Plant—Machinory: Do
jJenco*dro.n0w in. operation, }Baoh “kiln ‘in!
160;fect.long snd “tho! capacity sof. this,
' department "3g = 8000 ,-barrel IE . -comont
ays es ak
! Sitho “elinkor fine :grindin
Vis‘equipped avith fivo rolls
those! in ithe: chalk: plant, ‘1
city -of -8000:. barrels “0.
of Lventy- hours, :
thy
\Noxt vera the:
ale pl nd to! tho’ coinent-\'dtools
houges,-one-of which’ is'in gourde'of con-;
struction, and “will*when: completed havo
u-cupucity sof 360,000: barrels: which vill
given total _slurage capacity, of 600,000
barrels cof cement. )'Lbis; ‘stock. hougo: is
Kilt entirely of ‘separately moulded rd-
inforced:conereto ‘meinbors, mado jof-rurt-
of-crusher: tune -without~sand."; Chis is
#' now "form “of ‘construotion} "aud: ong
which vis,recvivingY much’ favor; * ou nes
‘the’ -low. cost compared; with
ne girders, columms‘:and ‘roof
slabs were cast separately: and ‘orected ‘in
tho /sameYmanner: asia ‘steels structure
would: be.- “Lwo’ kiln: buildings ware: con
slructed {i thn sume:manner: Ono'udvan-
luyo of suparately moulded mdmber core
struction ‘is. that' the. coucreto and sroine
forcing can ‘lic Properly inspected. whila
it‘is. boing‘ put ‘in, as: this ‘can ‘bo readily,
dono: whileworking jon‘ tlip’ ground,. and,
in -caso\any ‘of! tlio wombers aro: defective
‘cunt bodiscardgdtand;othora igubsti-,
‘1 "tho !packin; witha capacit:
}12;000! Parrelesper ic day; wus: then'y teas
Nextithe :power “plant, in ‘n:'60-
foot- span: .concrato, building,:icontajning!
three ‘800 “killowatt'cross:compound’ hori-!
zontal’ condensing ‘ enginos}> generating’ a!
current “of ;250: volts -for: power.\purpoacs,}
i". (Continued ‘on'p: eolumn' 2.)
ent’ Manufactory,
hequd Vw
MT appointed’; Delawat
Lackatyunna:-&!;\Vesterns. ‘special. ityain}?
he 2o0.represontative.architeaty, en-, bl
“nud in uildars frou y
‘Brogklyu,"Now=1 Fu
t Softhomas!
Ls thoirh ;
npany’seplanteat: Ne
Wei e- third ‘6;
: f hia seasons
loft" Barclay. nd: Christophey;
‘Now’ ?York; City, viut*21.30'a,-m
; } 45, tulds arrived: ateNow
ihigo fan. Lunch: wasi served!
in-thordining, tar sttached-to tho: special.
At the’ plant, tho’ party was’ received by:
AW. “Su Mallory, “of “Easton,vieo presi! -
| dont\;of Als “Hdison't Portland - Cement:
Company, and AW.<JL. Mason, tof 2 i
\yencral! supori ,
ters:andi a puideé j
ta ith: very; fe ‘SF
t nud operation:
ci iwaalthent ehifted\
eky).onojof the com
J ubtached,;Jand:-t
a) aftunt
”
y acl
“rock
a by
tho rocked:
of, Iodine
vock rently
ite. Tho -washery: attractedsumusual<s
{attoution it-having. but: Jatol ‘ereat~
vs tla “purposo’ of “washing;out“clay':
foreign: tsubstances, which’ inet}
niforny quality andicolor. of e a
tor: one-half :how’s stay,at tlie, 4
rLy, :boarded, hia; specials” |
ais
avolding accidents, incigent}to
Joys “auenpation‘o£ an diler
‘tho quarity? loosens «bbe. ! rock camtil | it
oxchiusively; Uy machines,
{ Ta jcourse
nee.
Mictuded from page 1.). * :
\lre ‘Hghting system, with’ buls:|t
tnd a metor’goncrator’ seb Lo cite’
oltiny BAW, wan ‘eavefully4
45 and -others inter;
entire “plant; Ig:njotor.‘driyay.
atntratiiie ;
Wyfho'bearhigs: Inithegmil
omicclcatigs fone phe en i
therobyattiot only? Having.
sou of tavor: and !tosy: of
iMourd huge tovomotty
) ie waterial (
Weloutyboiud tracks!
Ph + practically nutomatio:
From=tho' time thatthe heavy. bhest; dn
tia tnd tedt
The ‘product:
unfit trovela’ a dis-
abouts, two miles, unlit + is
ivered.; tothe cyackhy, i
‘for’éhipments + Patan
v to-companny Instalted’ “0 comprenigit!
Jair’ upparatius ‘do blow tha-dnst: off the!
AvinitoreTafler their ‘rounds, After ‘this’
|bluw-Ui?, another “one ‘tuk “place “inthe
lie, * where: refreshments provided by
the company were served.toltho punats.
| Comments’ by the visitors were mimer-
ong and complimentary, ive
fulmiay uorclors muchiiory, the? leoks: of
juridecuudientiofaction gu thysdusty fuged
of ‘ghpsmenfin'fehurge“ und Gporiating’ it
pase Ndity with whieh: a lin
the uae He removed’ from “‘t))
niches’ the packing howe,
meri “short time ix eonverle
intosa cement of such fineness Chit th
‘Tindividual: | particles.” are abhenneue
“roused “dyeh wonder nnd udinirution
The plant: is ranning fu enpacity, pres
cut shipments are, hn excess oC anything
that the" company? anticipated | for wes
‘ies. “2 ho we) Se
TE taon accompanied the party or
dhut inspection: trip after whieh: fotlowes
in “informal ‘reception bye the wgreat sink
cntog“apd the departure, of. the guests
(tsar wishes ‘for the fubur
rosperity: and a OF, Iris preutt Ser
srprise. ate
|
|
oie ts EN ee)
;
ms
4 et ings 1
“Uli ad BGs,
wai Teenie acne
Business of Edison. Plant. at |Orange,
; 4,000.People. Night arid
di
tes Retu
-Objects once looked on as
‘:
{and, with that fact in mind, a rotun
of prospority is presaged by’ the fact.;
natat tho Edison factories!
Bhonographs ‘are. boing
i Week and 160,000 records ¢
‘turned out overy day in the week,
* Grasp just a fow moro figures and
i with the
hgratitying veallzation that the country, |
Latter all, Ia not.going to tle dogs, andi
‘that! thre’ ts a Httle’ loosa ‘change in
average American.
In the varlous buildings of
ks thero is a floor spaco,
tho entire
alghteen acres,
playing no important part
ff America’s most,
has * grown
Tn alt
‘tha departments 4,600 people are om.
Ployod, making §t one of tho most tm-
tho well-being of
) the, working ‘people of Orange, New.’
All of,
‘these are now Working overtimo, and '
Jn: the record department ‘the demand:
fa-nuch that. the labor continues avery
night in the week saye Sunday. ‘When
One Considers that this ‘plant ana this
labor. are dovoted te.the mauling. of
' thien: sit comfortably bacis
;
j that! :
ythe’ pockets of tho
1 cltlgon, -
i tho Edlgon wor
“of ‘fourteon. acres, whilo
‘plant, itself occuptes ’
Tho .engine,
sin tho life of-one o}
famous. manufactories,
‘from’ fifty. to 100 horsopower,
portant factors In
ark. and other nearby places,
: Machines Intended only, for pleasure,
one begins to: believe that the people
: are not particularly poverty stricken”
AN INFORMATION BUREAU,
_ To kocp the public In touch with tha
“marvelous output of “tho Wizard's't’
“eration, an almoat Incredtbte amount!
; of printer’s ink ts required,
‘logues to the number of. 3,600,000 copies
are printed every year,
of ‘naw records issued 1
Qgo 24,000,000, Tho public need never
bo without music, “since the
gweorous amount of 2,000,000 records
‘'ds:at all threes kept in stock at Orange,
yy While’ the sapphire 18° not tha’ most
ygostly, of precious stones, whon’ it. 8
considered that more than 10,000 oF
hema are used every. weok in tha
making of phonograph records it wit
bo reallzed that“the bill for this item
Yelonejis not an Inalguificant’ one, tnt
isapphilras must be of absolute amooth?
ness, haying a higher poltsh than, fo!
fe ample, 2. $200. diamond, .
jtoo,:"thet Edison hag outdis
imitators, aN of, whom:
ferent. needio .
record.
Jis~ Oct--10.—Whilo. many
luxuries aro
now! regarded as absoluto necesaltiog,”
the:‘phonograph can scarcely. bo’ con-:
;aldored as haying reached that stugo, *
AIt. must still ba classed as a) luxury, +
Maro beng: ‘WHERE Kintroscorn 38 MADE,
vs Thoy include tho projecting +kipato. :
‘scope and Ita filma, the Bilson pri
battory, which Is adapted: to rallroad |
and almost every neod but that of. tho,
. Gilomoblie, the Bates nuinbering’ ma.:
i ehine, which, while it docs not! béar
» hla name, ts really an “Radlson inven-
“place of lend, use
: battories up to tbe present time,
‘moving pictures thero are studies in
and the Hata!
nnually avers’
talrly’
brdeo-" telegraph -
..Orable clectrical,
trpally, devoted more of jils tims to tt
slhan'to any’ other, ana that, while: ho
Gisposed of hig interest In. armioat:
popular -of his": }
His, laboratory. adjoing the phonograph
wor!
Liwellyn. park, neutting amid the trees
Or.
ptory: bulldlny
YP
3 : (FOB
N. J. Employs
Day—Enormous Demand!
“Ths wage plant “of Orango, the
nituda ‘of “which is tho amazement fot
avory ER ie visits It. for tho first 5
cme, Is not’’entirely dovoted to +t!
AnAnufacture, of tho phonograph. Wit!
ink, (heso concroto,.walls, the butldings”’
‘being separated by lawns of carefully
‘tended grass and pavements, . aro
nade many other products of the
Ceascless Edison Inventhea, H
”
tion, and the Editon storage battery,
. Which Is almost ready for the market
, And uses cobalt, a mineral earth, in
d In most all storage ,
Tor
tho borough of The Bronx, and the
Bronx Zoological park ts largely uned
, 08 a stago setting, the company hay-'!
Ing a long Hat of models drawn from
tho theatrical world, | These pictures
Gro tented In a tiny darkened -room
tn tho Orange factory, tho operator
paying mlaute attention to.every -de-
\tallot the pictures as thoy pnas before
him on the sereen and removing from
the film overy blem{ah or dofect. The
Pletures are constantly Improving.
and the old time filckering, onca such
a strain on the eyes of the Spectator,
has been largely, although not entire.
ly, dene away with. me i"
: But, 23 a matter of fact, all of theso-
thinga oro incidoutat ot Orange. The
overwhelming product fs.-that of
Phonographs, a product probably five:
| | Umes o@ great as that ef all the other
Cata-, +
articles combined.
“EDISON INTERESTED IN IT, ;
ewer ting, too, to note that,
White Mr. Edison unsalt’ possibly doer
: Not look upon tho phonograph ag the’
* greatest of hls Sayentions, which em-
improvements, | ‘en-
ginos, incandescent Jamns and fanam-
appilanecs,. he - lias,
ho other Edison compantes, ‘he fre-
fiths o Ananclal,. personal -and, daily;
eAnferost In the manufacture and ceasey:
‘lose: iraprovemenit
of the. machine that,
idely known and moat
nearly 1,000 Inventiona’,
‘the mest’
hy and his. benutifut. -homa pat
he Oranga..mountaing, “fs -visibta
the factory's supper” windows,’ |
-To..bo. shown through :the. eleven nv
it6 ‘and. five: chemidal tan:
cS)
mary |
Vot the ‘gentus of" rt
¢eatounding . comprehension of tho;
Emeaning of real Induatrial aetivity; :
pand/it may ineldentally be noted that:
‘thoroughly to inspect these bulldings'
frequires’'a walk of something like four. *
yteon miles, Mi. Rdlson once said that
“hig-success og an Inventor bod beon f
‘tho reantt of “2 percent of Inspiration
jahd 98 per cent of bersplration.” Ag |
ono tnkea that fourteen milo walk ho
dn impressed with tho: fact ‘that’ these
men, women, boys and girls engagod
‘Mai tho making ‘of instrumonts that
ibring pleasure’ to milttons of prople,
‘and maling them fn vast, sunlit rooms,
Whoso windows took. out upon beautl-
ful’-mountains® and’ one ‘of tne mus
spleturesque sot--American’ towns, have’
Nttto™ perspiration *to contend « with,
“Wwhile:the machinery everywhera in-.aye
dence seems as if possexsgd of a, hus!
than‘brain; ‘The most minute of parts, |
‘everything connected with the phono-:
graph, oven to tha siiailest screw, 18.
made in. the factory- by modern: ma-'
“chinery that to a Inyman seems to do
ts work by inagie. ee
SKILL IN? GRINDING SAPPHIRES,:
3-¥et thisdoes not mean that the
Workincn ‘are not skilled, Vor |. ex-
ainple, on?exact number ot. vibrations
are necessary. to Produce ‘a certain
sfone, If that number ta not, correct,
{S'Wilt be evident -that a mechanic of.
raro skill will be required to. remedy.
the defect. Aguln, in the makin f
reproducing and recording points,
‘which are sapphires,“ 'twetvo adistinet!
Operations are gone through during:
the transformation of the Tough: stong’
“nto the finished: point, each operation.
:belng done under a powerful micro-
FScope, ‘The sapphires are, ground, by!
ithe use of diamond dust, and. the” ut-
cMost skill Is required in tho work. :
r ‘Tho “bustneas phonograph" ..1g othe:
latest Edlson development. in. thls Par-,
4 tleular field and {t has already Become
Van afd to the prompt, accurate find!
easy transaction of offica business, It
4s, In’ brief, the phonograph known to
lovers of music, but adapted to 2
_WritIng of letters and every form’ of
“Alctation. The cylinders for thls form
:0f machine aro, ‘of course, blank, and}
are longer than thore uso.jn the, Dure- ;
Jy amusement machines, Henco ‘ana|
process, and
in by hand
if
[ When they. are taken out the’
stro allowed to stand for ‘two weeks:
wbefore they are touched. ‘The bore: ts}
:Feamod, the ends are trimmed and the!
cylinder {8 shaved by a machine . 8 !
adjusted as to take “an, exact amoun
off each blank. If the slightest flawhls,
‘found in any blank it Id’ remou ed, 23
- ITS DIVERSIFIED, USE:
ue honograph was organized’ in 1878,” bi
t
today's- perfected: coinmerctal machine ,
:hags been in use only. threo years, Ithis'
“How known _over all"the civilized world.
(Bs a wondertu
amoney anid
ithe old }th
od of rdictating:
stonographey. The. *“yolea” writin
machine hag..a.. repraducer by Wlitch*
any words inay be repeated tn ‘case
the dictator has been Interrupted; ‘an:
indicator showing tho length o}
tated” lettors and an index of corrécs:
tlons or instructions to the transcribe:
jvwath ft one may afernto, at: lofsura!
or with-the utmost rapldity, ‘Tho ma-
chine nover Srows_weary or {mpatient
Nor {g:{t. capable of making a tmlatake
More :than “that, the busy man of- af-
fairs, while he cannot have his sten-:
ographer.* at his homo after, ;ofites.
shours, amay “have his business” phono-+
graph .thero, and dictate to St. there’
ny hour of the night, and, in caso |
of detention at home, can send the:
cylinder to tho-omce, “St
The diversified uses of tho phono; :
avaph are exemplified at the present:
{ time by thelr use In\disseminatirig™-the;
: Speeches of candidates for the’ prest-;
dency, But, aside from the uses‘of tho
. business phonograph, ithe Invention of,
:@ method of reproducing: spund . has
shad its chief utthnate ‘popularity “bo=,
(cause you. enn anywhere placed” the
: music of the world’s greatest ‘singers
{ Sud composers on tiny tubes; that can
be'sent to any part of tle world to de-
Mght millions of People who’ never
would have heard such harmony from
any other source, ‘ ena:
Soon those remarkable factories ‘at
Orango may enter the fold of the com-.
bined moving and apeaking pictures,
but “Just at present they. aro being’
worked to thelr capacity In the produc-
tlon of phonographs. wt .
» ES WAL Nd News
WGN 87 wa,
BADLY BURNED
BY MOLTEN WAX
Workman’s Skin Scalded and
“Seared by Accident in
_., Edison Plant.
TWO STORIES OF THE AFFAIR
} Terribly burned about the head, arms
and shoulders by lelling wax, John
Myeck, n Vole, who resides at 2 Joyca
‘street, ‘West Orange, la tn the Orango
Mamorial Hospital in a precarious condt-
‘tion, ‘The wonderful vitality of the man
fe expected to pull him through, how-:
ever, unless complications nut looked for’
jset In. 7
boMyeck hing been tn this country but
{three months ‘and can speak but Ittle
jEngliish, He hing been employed at he.
iBdlson phonograph works in| West Or-
iMMBov remy all of the thne he hus been
there, and it was his duty to remove the,
‘fresh molded phonograph records from.
ithe molding-roum to another departoient,
pAbout $ v’elock Inst night, necording’ to)
‘hia ‘story, he was carrying sumo of tho,
frecorda past one of the kettles of boiling
‘wax whon another employe throw a box
‘or same ¢ther abject {nto the wax, caus-
dhg tke molten material to splash over the
‘buck of hig hend, his arma and shoulders,
> Theanan gave a-scream of paln and fell
‘to the flour, ‘rolling around tn his agony,
}ils: felow-workmen hastened to the sufy'-
ferer's assistanee and the. Record ambu-
{lance was summoned.’ Before it, arrived;
ithe man, who never lost .consclouanoss, |
‘wag placed In an automoblie and hurrted‘
sto the Memorlal Hospital, where: Dr.
}Freese and Dr. Harris worked over him,:
IMorphine, was ndminiatered to rolieve -him~
of3the “pain, and under ‘its Influence he
‘ypent a fairly restful night. 5
{o'The physiclans found that ‘the halr and
jakin on the back of the man's. head: had,
jbeen scalded off by the. bolling wax, and?
thet. his arms and shoulders were deeply i
seared, despite the fact that his clothes:
:protected -hiin somewhat, - ae:
+ At tho Edison works this morning. a!
idifferent version of the necident was: totd,:
‘Myaek, It was sald, was engaged In carry {
Ing ithe freshly molded records, .and {ne *
{stead of. walting to tke n quantity: that ¢
pwere flnlsbed "in. two loada, ho dragged.
reome-along the floor on the. board o
tawhich the records are phiced, ntd_ cnrried :
idnother fonded board on Ma shoulders The +
}Joada proved: too~much,for-him.to. mannge :
Learetully afd -nome,of, the records, felt .
Aoft-Into, tha kettle, causing the. molten *
}wax:to-aplash over im? oc ¢c54 ett
UN Mess VOU:
ob BS oy
4s Plan To Replace
‘hel Hand-Organ
Actress Secures Patents on
“an Improved Phonograph
“3, "a fansmitter.
ee
Margaret’ Wycherly, wlio te making
her’ only vaudeville appenrance . at
Keith's Thouter thls week, has just re-
colved word from WashIngton’ that the
patent office has granted her applica-
}tlon for patents.on an Improyéd phono-
graph transmitter, — - — “aunemnsnenenennns
Tie fyst~atoy in a long cher-
{shed plan to bring the best and finest
musle within exsy reach of the public
and at the same timo to do away with
one of tho grent nulsances of the pres-
ent-day, the hand-organ,
In speaking of her. plans in this dl-
rection Miss Wycherly, when seen’ iz
her drdssing roonr at Kelth’s yesterday
afternoon, guld earnestly: “1 belleve
aod music lb one of tho grentest fac-
tors tn our modern civilization; wa are
Just ‘waking up to the diro results
, mentally, morally and phystcally of
Qharsh xourlda and unnecessary nolses,
In Now York’ they are passing ordi-
nances forbldding thom, and Mra, Isanc
L, Rico’y soclety for the provention of
sunnecessary noise la growing with won-
derful rapidity, £
“My plan 1s to replaco the hand-organ
with a now. form of phonograph: and
‘transmitter, A. company’ has: already
been formed to take over my. paténts,
which number ‘sixteen and ‘include ‘a
rotary. record .cariaga | which «enables
the: oparatar .to7 Ion the’: phonograph
with mo Jess: Lhanwlxteon records, which
muy be played In- anys order dostred.
“Pitese: records turn, automatically. at
the ‘same speed at wish they ‘wero
taken, with the resul wont whatever
music fs rendered Je playe* enprectly.
Os to time and accentuation.
“Brietly, the plan of the now cop.
prey, ja.to manufacture and rent port.
le machines carrying from eight to
sixteen records. Our frat records will
be. those of several of the greatest
‘singers, Melba, Caruso, Sembrich .and
Eames, .
“Chere are, of course, other uses to
which my‘rotary carringo may be put.
The. biggest phonograph record Is: only
abla to curry. ubout ten minutes of
music, My sixteen record machine will
sive two hours and a haif of uninter-
Tupted musle, [€ anyene can stand that
much. This means, of course, that
almost any grand opera can bo given,
In: its entirety ‘and without break.” |”
“It will be several, months before our
machines” are in the market, and. the
will not. be sold at:any price. We will
rent: them, , but. they.cannot bo .pur-.
Chased.” , ur Le ty tte SP.
>
‘ i ee
: i : ‘Finley
«ture of Thomas A, son that “Finle
... Peter e has painte b ‘American
2 Magazine for November.
i Edison's Inboratory repeatedly, and to talk |,
: a number of times, more or less at length,
- great invertor that Mr. Dunne’)
> the ma
‘about my visit, having quite anot!
: nea in view, but Teame away with a cu-
“tap y
NEW YORK, Oct.
jot tho
2 a J
‘It is tho'splendtdly hurna
is “been” analyzed
v. achivve-
izard” .that
, i ie man, Seven
iously new inipression of the man. 7
or eight years ago I had occasion to visit
vith: the inventor himself. .
bevy that time I was chiefly interested
in the results of Edison’s extrmordinary
activities, for if there ever was a place of |,
marvels, that place was, and is to-day, the
inventor's Tnboratory at Orange. At that
time I missed 2 clear view of the man in
the multitude of his works. .
"In eight years the plant at Orange has
developed new and greater buildings, filled
with even more marvelous marvels; and
yet when I eame out ‘of tho Jittle gate
into the stréct after my .visit the other
+ U - by
lay I found myself strangely unstirred ,
- the new ‘change I had sean. I found my- |,
‘The most wonderful thing
\ er
-snying:
ae is ins wonderful old man.’ 3
“For while he has worked . for . forty
years with retort aid lathe .and dynamo,
the greatest of his inventions, after all, is
a unique human character. -
[PHOTOCOPY]
ietpwd or the
ny man can go
areal business
. in life. Tt Would Kill 'me.”T don’t need
much of anything personally, but I’ve had
to have a lot of money’ 0
~ come, somehow, and_ni
need, and all I want—an
! pg fi
steering “clear
money-making
soon'as I could get
going at them—not’
just to find out thin
lot of things togethe
and see what, the
. greatest fun in the \
“So far, indeed, ‘ni
Edison's life dru cot
no change. He has m oly 1
achievements, «Jn the']
ratory where I awaited
on a Httle bare table in
the remnants’ of ‘his _}
glass of milk and a
‘Picture of a Fin ’ ;
“T parted from him‘a jorway, but
I carried with mo ‘the ‘picture she’. made
standing barcheaded in the ‘sunshine, erect,
white-hdired, in his ‘worn black coat. - His
fine face, with the minute humor-wrinkles
around the cyes, was-unmistakably that of
a contented, peaceful, simple-hearted old
man. - : SES ON) canes
~. “ZT thonght of the manufecturing plants
in every part of civilized creation where |:
wheels turn and belts whir wholly or partly |
because’ this man has lived’and worked.
I thought how life had heen made brighter
and easier and sweeter ‘for ‘hundreds of
millions of human beings through his
mn going 'to put a
take ’em apart
many inventions,”
“And it is clean greatne:
wears by rights the loo!
man. “He has robbed no
no competitors, -sto’
taken no rebates; - ;
he gambled in the st. narkets; nor
employed. children’ and | nat starva-
tion wages; nor awaited, doing nothing |;
“the price of land |?
isoi’s. He
“contented,
8, crushed |-
2 » franchises, :
rich ‘not’ because
himself, for the rise i
or corn 6r cotton,
His.Is‘a Clean ‘Gran.,,
"He is fanious ‘not * cause
‘ated Ant ‘election, ‘/ “4 a legislature: |’
Thero sin er any record |;
of. success » of :devious or
deceitful‘ is, indeéd ‘n°
Greatnes: is
won, and
been in t!
ter world
“Men. who toll ‘al e8. for them:.
selves alone grow. tired; thoy wa t.to atop’
and ‘get, something out of life’. Of course
they do;‘ but they ‘are tired, not of work,
but ‘of their own inadequate and selfish
lives, But a man like Edison docs not get
tired; you see that in the youthful look in
his eyes,
“Surely there is no better or more hope-,
ful model for struggling, limited youth
than this man Edison. Not xthat ‘he has
risen from a Poor boyhood 13 be a rich
and famous inventor, but because by
steady Work through many years ho has
become a fine, ‘simple-hearted, gencrous,
Useful old man.” i
nn. e:
i
peers oe NS
t . a
‘Aibbidi = +l,
(died, ~ aay Awe
devas vio
AMES POWER CHEAP
&
AN ‘omobiles Are to Be Run at,
-‘Trifling, Cost by Means
of His Batiery. ,
‘
i
t
(
WILL TRAVEL.FOR 15 YEARS
Inventor Describes Long Search
‘for Metal Which Solves Im-
"portant Problem.,
°
(sPrcraL To THE
, NEW YORK, Oct. 21.
tom of cheap, newest "
ithe market; cyithin six months a new atoragt
battery: y which “welll enable, avery, man ‘te
travel in his own private ¢ carriage at about:
the coat ,of car fare, Without danger,
without brankdowns, without cost, almost,
A ‘carringe, onco supplied with tho hew
‘power for $200, will travel without repaire
for fifteen years, for 100,000 miles if neces-
sary, says tho wizard. i
Mr. Edison relterates the declaration that
‘he has invented o storage battery which
will solve the problem of congested traimc
‘Jn the big citles of tho world as soon as ho
:ean manufacture enough of the batterles,
.Ho je erecting two largo factory buildings,
now nearly completad, and {s installing .in:
thom now machinery capecially for: the:
Neanglinctue of the motor battery. oa
, SAYS HORSD IS DOOMED.
“In fifteen years from now tho horse will
bea curlosity; we whall be pnying GO cents
to look st him In‘sido shows," sald Mr.
Edison to an interviewer,
“Last year you were suro that you
solved this problem?” he was ramindo
> “Yes, last year I was sure,” roplled Mi
‘Edlgon, “but now I am dead sure, ‘Thero;!
‘a difference between tho two, It's one thir
for Instance, to be Hue. ang anothey/ tht
ita be—Wall street sure.” 19,
For three years 25,000 btorage: batter
shave been constantly at-work:: “in te
‘thops of tho Edison-plant-at7Ov! intine, Ne
“I nover beligved: that-nd
of. resources, éould ‘pro: ea
‘maturial , Ingrediont-<6! tho: bittery,"aat
‘Mpadison, _-yxThave® Atways..found hor
iready any. morgency,- and: t sased “on
itn ool “noo: that,” sho’-haa%nover . be-
\4o3
aayed, 1 communed diligently...with ‘her,
Ono day I discovered that nickel: rust was
‘as good ag lead. “Then I thought-I had ac-
; complished tha task."
‘But he hadn't, to the satisfaction of hia
commercial Instinct. Tha question of. the
welght of tho battery was most {mportant
as ‘was that of ita durabllity,
COMALT SOLYRS nIDpLD,.
Nickol rust falled, othor ‘things ‘falled,
P everything the ingenious Edison, with his
‘trained, asclentific mind, could concelva
falled,
Then 1 tried “cobalt,” ho sald, and pune:
‘tyated the statement with a broad smile, «
“And It worked?!”
_ "It certainly did, but cobalt, belng one
‘of the raro motals, tho problem wag not
solved. I scoured tha country to And cobalt
tn sufilelent quantities to warrant its UB0,
‘and discovered. lots of it In Canada, in
; Wisconsin,.in'-Oregon and jin Kentucky,
Then I know*that . T wag all tight.” :
“What ara you. working ‘at now in Gon-
nection with this phdae- of the discovery?"
“One of the. most, alticult, problema ‘in
metallurgy 1s to” separate ‘cobalt: fi rom ihe
ores with which.it fa Aosaclated: At pe n oot
it in done only at gradt oxpongoanidiag
ex, sitlonths swe, have.been deyisin;
fe, ‘getting. cobalt .out of. ith i!
thin’ a ‘ratio’ of cont are
succinss ' comms’ ‘AT Last...’
And You shave ‘succeeded? , °~-
“Completely, «1 can, posltively . proviine
thiat. the new battery will be on the market
In, the. spring:'*The factory ‘buildings nre
rendy-and the machinery ts boing Inatalled.”
“But, thera: may, bo. some surprise that
nature 18 Holding’ back thac will Interfere?"
é “Absolutely none. I haven't kept 25,000
batteries working for three years - -without
“discounting all chances of failure.”
‘The actual; cost:of recharging the new
Jbattery * is matter ‘ofa few cents, per
col; std: YePentamt -ACHIeyement being’: In
Pian; it Matt, in, weight, dn. eampact shape
ud above plac ‘durable.: -
inew: stérdge’ battery: in not designed
als naitomabiles. * He aes
SeBut( an aot an automobile fnanutac-
Surer,, and: T-liavo: thought only of solving
the’ problem “ot Strect. tramMe, «which {a
‘seridus Invall ‘tho*gre! weltles: ‘of, the ‘world,”
ioe has jist completed’ ane . :
[lgmrsto~revolutionize the problem of trange |
Sportatton will probably be ‘exhibited ‘and |
‘demonstrated for the (rst time at the sccand |
annual electrical show in the Coliseum Jan.
{14°to: 26, Mr, Edison has been invited to ate.
;tend the exposition and hag inthnated that.
the will probably Accept the Invitation, 1f he :
“comes ‘ ‘a special programme and banquet, wilt ‘
ee arranged for Edison day, t ‘
: An’ Mlectrieal Midway. | |
“Sannging Director Niesz ‘announces’ an:
Septectrical Midway". ay one of the featurca *
jfor the coming show, fory which the main !
jlloor'of the Coliseum annex will be divided |
into -four small theaters, One of these wilt |
tbe devoted to new demonstrations with static {
imachinery and high and low frequency, cur-
irent,ishowlng many new and wonderful In- |
ventions along these ines and some imarvel-:
ous results. Another theater will have a new.
‘electrical and mechanien) creation called the’
urorn Borealls,” which will show some
yWwondertul Mehtlng effects Invented and ar-
ranged by Edgar Heuley of Chicago, Ina ‘
‘hird theater will bean electrical musical act. |
yy Thirty thousand square feet of space haye
*been;-sold for general exhibits on the min :
floor: of the Coizeum, but four spaces re- '
maining unsold, Encouraged by the Interest
the: trade and the public took In last year's,
show, the exhibitors as a whole have thia
year, put more:money. and effort in the ar. ;
rangement and installation of their displays. °
Everything thatfe new In tho electrical world >
i Wsbe found, the.200 concerns ‘represented
mpletely covering the electrical field, ‘
3 Svolution in Electric Lights,
iréctor ‘Nicsz Is making an effort toise- ,
Suro-tho William J..Hammier collection of In-
‘candescent lamps, which represents an effort
ftwenty-tive yeurs in Burope and America, -
ainbracing gnecimens of Jamps not only cove
fering. the entire art under Edison, dating)
ftom his {rst commercial lamp. the famous ‘
‘paper: horseshoe" tamp of 1879, his plum- +
{bago, Sraphite, bamboo. and other vege-:
table fliament lamps, but also the work:
Hof Edison's contemporaries het
and abrond from this early.pertod to the pres-:
ent times -Mr,. Hammer started the collection ,
(11879 When, ‘at the beginning of Mr, Edison's :
‘ho had: charge of certain teats In Mr. |
Edison's in lnboratory. at Mento’ Par! ff
——
eA eee’
Ree i iol Pade 0 4
On a hillside near , Webster avenuh,
the Bronx, “‘ShomasAl?: Edlsan | hiks
érected a Unt{WOnenatrayreniicely” ye
ono piece, Hike a rockhewn temple. ‘The
material In cotferete; “with a root of
slags ever the larger portion of the
bullding. This ,addloaking structure
attrants the. qtttention, of vovery pask-
erby, while comments! upan. its probs
ablo ise are varled “and: often -ludl-
crous; Some aro sure’ it’ js an electric
power houre, although tho ‘glass root
is puzzling; others think It is a dyna-
mite factory built t2 avoid danger trom
explosion and _ fire. s 1
Construction*on the bublding com-
menced. In Ue simmer of 1908; 1k cons
crete wills, floors, roofs, cellings and
Window casings, all molded in the soft
nixture which was used thousands of
yenrs rgo by the anclont bullders, were
put tty befare winter set in, An inp
spection of this method of house bufld:
Ing wht conyince any one that Mr.
Bdlson Js right in using conerete for
a photographic studi. vee to mention
economy Incest, cne hardness ix tha
of vock= itself, and tharcnara = nolthe
dampness, frost nor gnawing redents
can affect it. Dust ts minimized an
the. foora and walls can be cleaned.
washed or swept Ike a stone horvac
Agaly, It is hermetleally aly proof ane
cold proof, while in summer the. heag
penetrates slowly. mrt,
AU these consideratlons are of sren
value of photography and the hailing,
ata moving pleture, The bullding ex
tends for 180 feet along Decatur ave:
nie; It is 60 feet wide and 36 feet high
—an impoalng object seen from Web.
ster avenue,
‘This. estudio [é in two parte, distinct
but standing on a common basement
story. On the seuth side stands 1
pluin -oblong offlee building, threg
stories high, containing offices, dress-|
Ing rooms, chemlen! Inboratorics, dark
rooms, tink reains and drying hatls,
with other necessaky compartments,
court. ‘Pheso two
purts are’ connected by a rort of open
hat, or atrium, directly open to the
stage In the studlo,
‘The main entrance ta the officg un
the avenue side opens intg an entrance)
hull or reception’ room “for visitors,
neatly furnished. On the Jeft is tho
door of the loading and chemical wash
room, which can Jn a moment be!
turned into a dark room by simply
switching off the light and shutting
the door, Here a faint red light burns
rnd the photographer can “tond’. the
alght-inch circular boxes “holding ‘the
hinnk fils. Mans other detalls ‘of: the,
work are done here aigso, On the Tiaht
e reception room in door jenda int:
a REST SH MOTE ABO AR
with: tho usual desks :and office
tarnik nd on one Bide fs allibrary!
pe aati tuding.-bistory, 704
shelf of .books, tneluda “talry: tale
mance, advent Feu vsieulat, infotmat
- whiy) ving in!
‘ Tooker Cea Ta eo trueting: ie
fotures, ‘ ees
for valet throught the oe ona: cor
o tho main
foro mentioned, whee? st avhich more
tho -atago 1s obtain: ea int
. do
ALON Opposite the and these are four
in number.
filed np as
stands and
wash basing an
while the windows &
— more, probably, than
theater. ream can
in a theater with make-up
tables, long wal
do even show
ad, ensy ehalre
Y whateyer in
Fusierpiace would
NS een
eriths mal
orseaceny
hat
eke /.
the surrounding branches,
a) ongio’s. neat.” Gn Oi ton of ni
i) giant cll
m1
Ing ron Kuch dressing room is
1 mirrors,
ver baths, |, sagie's nest }
iPhe engle's '
ay Pal Pee
m ;
boast. Every Con ( gueceading cence (3 tho nent, where
. y 8 provided,, X=, sr descending
ee ee che : "for there Is Hata a terrible fish
the Isdison:
: urd
at ‘hin shaby: and {a pulled up 2
se eee mine
,
Moving Pictures
Mebives oh
ever (possible, are the actual, ones te-
quirad by truth und’ exactness
Having, as In the ‘““Magle's Nert’:
sories, arranged the scenes in proper
order and perfected the dotails of Jo-
cation and costuming, the noxt thing
js to obtain the actors, The Edison
Studio does not employ makeshifts,
find .the actors who produce the plays
are not only real professional mon
and “women, but the best oner procur-
able, In the “Eagle's Nest’ they in-
cluded one right off the MetropolXan
eat house stage, © singer of great
‘onise, alrendy doling leading parte.
If professional wrestlers, swimmers or
skatera ure required, they are obtained,
The opening scone of the “Bagle’s
Nest,” shows 2 wood choppers cabin
Ina dumber camp, with a baby play-
ing outside tho door; the mother comes
out and the umberman departs for
the forests. ‘The mother’ kisses her
baby and returns inta the house, Then
an eagle swoops down and curries oft
the scroaming ehfld, while the mother
rushes out with a gun—too late, ‘Phen
khe follows the bird of prey ‘through
the distint sky, with her eyes fixed in
horror,
The second .xeeno..takes us into the
henrt of tlhe vakt forests, among ehltts
and thiékets, Ino this: seano! we? shalt
rhow how the motion picture is netually
produced. The rescue of the child re-,
quires’ four moro scenes, of which tho
firat muy bo called the alarm. *,
The woodsmen are gathered around
a tree, which is about helng felled:~
of course nt site was golected whero the
woodamen 3vere nhout ta do thir, nyt
then tho rectors tools thelr places whera
necessary. Well, the tree, marked
with a white ‘circle, ns usual, is atte
rounded by the men and the moving
pletire camera Ss pointed so ns to take
In the scene most advantageously, No
picture, however, is taken yet, as the
men nnd the mother must rehearse
thotr parta, ‘They have come out with
thelr costumes and dress in a nearby
house, ‘Tho men wear red shirts and
corduroy trousers tucked Into high
Hoots, wlth soft felt slouch hats. The
woman = Impersonating tha mother
weura.1-short brown skirt, gray walst,
with a shawl thrown about her shoul-
ders—all true western castumes,
‘After the rehearsal the signal Is give
en and the wosdsmen begin to chop
down the tree, All Js motion, the wind
waves the branches, the leaves Mutter
down and the gleanilng axes flash,
Noting that the tree Is about to fat,
they step aside and dowg it comes
you can almost hear it crash through
At this moment the mother coming
rom + “eamera, rushes. into
fiom elm oe coer iecepetamtertod
Rn A SUM reer ia it
Meee zo, mune Rt Nhe ant occ
porate poRun ond Leto rt
Peete tinued throuRty & Tee oe the
avhoro-thay /: fre!
NocThion coment For pend far
, ff which: renrs rearing this
forests Lane in eee, MT
r the fi
H Scene Ait War necessa i
‘| tion “explain moro than ; parts
tual discovery nn uae
the bnby. é
ronete, Oe na cllft'a edge. wher ine
father leans over and tole toe ye
y “It is e
te eee ae i eipeated tar down
ho woodsmen
ope. In th
ver tha father by a son the: brat /
t with the huge,
An, finally kiting St. Then,
. he enatches
Para gain. The
aid notion, ‘and
cces,
ferocious ear
tossing It ove
iy ries - is! splen
mole gved, a: reat suc
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
RUCNO Pttinias.
with the usual arrahgements 100 nane
Ing secnery canvases, but with the
palette moving along .the ralling in-
‘stead of the ustial mare or less ine
‘convention way on the floor, This do-
‘vlee of the palette fa unique, Scenes
larger than those on many Hroadway
Atuxea can be reproduced here, with
buekgrounda 20 feet high and fore-
ReoUnds 40 feet deop,
In the scenes of the grent. train rob-
bery there were ensembtes of 20 per.
sons, and ft must not ba imagined
that these are cheap or clap-trip per.
formances, elther, ‘Tho Tadlson [dea—
Mr, Porter's own ambitlon—is to pro-
duce here the vory finest: moving
pleturer obtainable, and thay execed
sven the imported French ones in do-
coil and. magnificence. - :
_ The ‘ucones, painted under Atr,
Stevens’ direction by ‘the scene ar.
dats are in distemper—that Is, they
ase only blacks, browns' and whites,
vith the varying shades of these, as
shotographs do uot take color as color,
aut only suggest ft. Houses or htoclk
scenery are bullt up and the stands
and wings constructed an in a theater,
only with much more attention to de-
tails and naturalness, For the cam-
era, unlike the eye, ennnat early be
decetved. “Stagines is nvolded and
reallam ls In avery case ‘given’ place
over “effect.” Scenes Indoors can he
cohen at any time, now that the now
ond wonderful artificlal daylight has
nbedn Introduced vt the studio,
Much of: tho apparatus for controll-
ing this ight Is tho dovice of Mr. Por-
ter himself,-and tho strength of the
vioiet rays capable of being thrown
from any part of the-stage.on any part
fg jalmost beyond bellef. Equal to. a:
pthouennd of. tha.ardinary are lamps
,the light, concentrated on. th alage: by
qthe Feflectors Is In \‘photodraphte -etreut
‘catculabla at the fottawing intensity:
‘Taking the are street ight at {ts usual
spower. of 1,000 -standard. candles, the
igtadio'Z. Nght equals 1,000,000. chndlo
ipdwers? Such a Hight, In violet rays,
y lan glaring, but fs ke daylight: dif-
Hused."Ny2 o> : ae
The ‘elnetrical ~~ equipment: of: the
Whole’ building -Is perfect and \inter-
‘Changeahle, and especially so: of thera
iMyaterious. stage, lights, An ordinary
‘thent@ switch box, with splder boxes
‘and: tho usual maze of. connections,
fa; uséd. Blectric > motors: of -dlfferent
&lzern.coma handy for: mechanical cf.
feots,.and so theré can be producad
Gny sor) of agena whatevor, oven a
water Keone, 1) --| - ‘
AS water. scone?) Certainly; and the
‘mystery |s-explutned when wo oxam-
Ino (ie floor of the stage. This floor,
GAxah feet, [s;bullt in aquare sectlons,
‘which can be, lifted away, one hy on
Beneath Is discovered n great tank,
the full size of tho. stage and eight
fest deep, Tho floor and beams are so
Arranged nate render the formation
of. acpond, a fountain or a Inke, pr
gyenithe seashore, easy, according to
the number of sections of floar Haken
up. oho
fA fitm soveral hundred feet long
Would hardly go into a photographer's
dereloping tray, except ‘in Brodbing-
nav, the: xlontalcountry: so spect
apjaratul Is: isod- Insdevetunsnent th a
finest equipment probably. in tha whol .
eh lis 9% ho. Ei
AWS SEDER
"eran.
j
nf’
nln
ths
loo
the
tue
ing
biz
ed
ing
4q
Ins
the
un
pa
po
gon -wtudl
inysterious,|‘
te aed Serpent
tody, nnd outsldo’ these rooms Im the
arfing hall, where the films are reoled
{
——
erby, while comments upon Is pratre
ablo use are varied “and ‘often “hidi-
crous; Some aro pure it fs an electric
power house, although the ‘glass root
1s puzzling: otherd think It is a dyna-
Inite Mnctory bultt-tQ aveld danger from
explosion and. fire, :
Construction=an the building cam-
Inenced. in Che summer of 1900; its eon-
ereto Walls, floors, roofs, eellings aul
window casings, al molded in the soft
mixture which was used thousnnda of
years ago by the anelont bullders, were
put up before winter set In, An in-
| spection of this methad of house Init
Ing will convince any eno that Mr.
Edison ts right In using conerete for
a photographic studts . vie to mention
econouyy In West, .oe hardness in that
‘Jat ruck Itaelf, and therefore > nelths:
‘ldampness, frost nor gnawing rodent
H can affect It. Dust is minimized, anc
‘ithe. doors and walls can be cloaned
washed or swept like w stone house
Again, it ix hermetically alr proof ane
cald proof, while In summer the nea
penetraton- slowly. ae meert nets amerrn. ad 44
All these considerations ave of Bret
volue of photography and the hulldin
af a moving pieture. ‘The balling ox:
tends for 180 feet along Decatur ave-
nue; it is 60 feet wide and 3h feet hilgt
—an Imposlng object seen from Web,
stor avento,
_ Mis, studio Is: In two parts, dstinet
but standing on n common basement
ntory. On, .the*-xouth side stands 4
plain gablang. office building, three
stories ‘Tilgh..containing offices, dress
ing rooms, chemlent tnboratorles, dary
rooms, sank rooms and drying halls
with ather necessity compartments]
This faces a glass court, Theso two
perta are connected by a Rort of open
hall, er atrhuim, dlroctly open to the
stage in the studlo,
The malo entranee to the offic, uly
hall or reception’ room = ‘for vinitors;
door of the loading and chemfeal wash)
room, whieh can sn a moment he
the doar, Sere a faint red light burns
and the photographer can “Yond” tho
biank flims., Many other detalls of the,
work are done here also. On the right'
of the reception, rag & Jong dead ints
tho. main i y
room, with! tho .usuat desks and office,
: ‘ibrar:
{ture, and on one sido in abiibrary
ghelt ‘of “pooke, Aneluding eae de Ris
ro,s travel ‘airy: c
mince, adventy } Apa i Brett
tion is gathered for con
far the pictures,
Passing through he off
to the main he
ae Wtsutioned, whenee a full view o
the singe 18 obtained,
Opposite the door:
. nd
ng ranms are gcen, Ut
We number, ach dressing room
ated up aH
stands ane \
wash basins and even showe Both
while the windows give plenty of Tish
more, probably
my can boast.
in a theater W
tnbles, long wall noir
ventence and
veneered, easy eholrs, for there
studiq. A buster
to find,
Down and Dat
a ace
roomarty. room. Yor, there Ia even t
property man here,
Coe at OE te
ps of the wor
Wes avotully taken Ktock of. -Mricl-
Gilroy fs property man,
many interesting features \°
dawn: in the — 60-foot lon proper
mory of other weapons,
togas, fairy costtin
eagles and fo on.
year old, the property
filling up. *
Up stairs on
certain mysterious
initiated persons are -
though it Ix te ba 8
nre far experimental wor
of the trade, On
ever, are some «highly
rooms, the developing — and
chambers, photographic; ¢
chemleal Inboratories,
and superintendent,
ils ingenuity {s_ constant!
Inventivencss and
wall necessary to the building of .mov
Ins] pictures, are at hls finger’ ends.
alght-Inch circular boxes “holding the the surrounding branches.
yanks: Crom, which part eat ne iow.
ica one comes’
aL or atrium yer over the forests below. ty taking
of which more)
tte tunl discovery and planning:
is
ith make-up
yrars,
bathe,
. than many an nett tauver the futher by @ rane. In ny
theater room ceaity 18 provided ox. { succeedtie KCeNeH WO KOO
n a wl
Sa
no lounging a fee Ae ere | ferocious engle, finally killing ft. Then,
Tice w
jer the main ruearatt ee whole series
he ith whiel
The camera with which
for tha NUTONE) tyrag are talken Appears complicated
paraphernalia and necesélsf i comparison with ¢
: gion and muss) 1 has the ustal hox, hood and tripod,
and he has t
show one le is rent to the studlo already pre-
roam, Among other articles are elgh-
teen Springfield rifles and a small ar- f
7 F toys, Roman] eights inches wide aod in 200 foal
ex and lay figures,
Although not yet af ribbon
roam fs already'{ another empty
the second floor, arel cally down behind the
rooms, where un-] shutted.
nat admitted, al-j tha exposures
tossed that they] by fhree-fourt
k and secrets| picture mad
the third floor, how-| wide, t
fasclnating| grapher’s p
drytng| ture,
lark room and]of the baby,
Mr. .E, §. Porter, chlef photographer! fo!
i fs eminently fitted |
2 responsible position he holds.
mae t 7 ly exercised; sminute pictures i
practical method, go]}'the film In 16 or 20 minutes, The :
Before describing the principal part
the building, the atudlo itself, wejof .the shu
shalt start a motion picture om its was }aniomatic shifting the Belatine
to construction ‘and ‘then “follow: tt strip three-fourehs .
4 althrough to the completion of the neag-
her tive. ‘This has’a natural beginning “in
and women, but the best ones procur-
able, In tha “aglo'a Nest" thoy in-
eluded one right off the MetropolXan
ven house stage, & singer of great
Tyomise, already doing jeading parts.
If professional wrestlers, swhnmers or
skaters are required, they are obtained,
The opening sceno af the "Eagle's
Neat," shows & wood choppers cabli
inn limber camp, with rv baby plry-
Ing outside the door; the mother comes
out and the lumberman departs for
the forests, ‘The mother! kisses her
baby and returns into the house, ‘Then
mn engie swoops dawn and carries off
the sereaming child, while the mother
rushes out. with a gun—too late, Then
she follaws the bird of prey /threugh
the distant sky, with her eyes fixed in
horror,
The second .xeeng,.takes ux into the
heart of Hie vast forests, among chifts
and thickets, ‘In: this seana we shall
show how the motion pleture Is aetually
produ Tho reseuv of the child ro-
quivex” four more scenes, of which the:
first may he callod tha alarm.-"\,
Tha woodsmen org gathered around
a_tree, which js about being felled. .
of course i site waa selected where tho
woodamen svero About io do thin, ant
then tho actars took thelr places. where),
necessary. Well, the tree, marked
with a white ‘circle, as usual, la sure
rounded by tho men and the moving
pleture camera is pointed Ro as to inke
in the seene moat ndvantageously, No
picture, however, ix tuken yet, as the
men und thé mother muat rehearse
tholr paris. Thoy have como out with
thelr costumes and dross in a nearby
house, The men wenr red shirts and
cordurey trousers tucked into high
Donts, with soft’ felt slouch hata. The
woman Impersonating the * mother
wours & short brown skirt, gray waist,
with a shaw! thrown about her shoul-
the avenue skty opens Inte an entrance)! gary nll true western costumes,
‘After the rehenrsal the signal ts glv-
neatly furnished, On the left is tho en and the waodamen begin to chop
down the tree, AlAs motion, the wind
waves the branches, the leaver flutter
tirned into a dark room by simply) down and the gleaming axes finkh,
awltchIng off the Ieht and shutting walns that the tree in about to fall,
they step aalde and dowo it comes—-
you can almost hear it erash through
‘At this moment the mother coming
rushes {nto
tug- Anatrriod
. Exeltomonte.ba;
and: tha .-mMene Po nt
nxea and ropes...
in tha. next? seent
1 ,
13 bh ond a wild raving,
nna | Lite eontinued-ITOURGLS wight of the
Wheresthay | firs
ouglo’s. nest.y
Thon comes a scene on
plant cliff, whieh rears its
ton ‘of a]
head far
this
aceno it war necessary to make me-
an over the ne-
tion explain more the STE
resens of the baby. You see them
rush to’ the clift's edge, where the
father leans over and tells the. others
he. sees the baby, and-It is still nlive.
{[Tho eagle's nest ix Incated far down
the precipice. and the woodsmen
}
the brat
nest, where
Ith the huge,
father descending to the
he haa 2 terrible fight w
tossing It over the edge, he catches
iis baby and Is pulled up again. The
is splendid motion, and
ag proved a grent sucerss,
tiene these pies
he ordinary one.
Ue other particuiare ts
vipat It almost o
| ‘fhe negative rih-
La xplendld device,
yared and Is loaded {nto the: round
In ths loading room. This rih-
dd three.
ty
bexes
bon in na gelatine strip one an
lengths, A box holding 200 feet of
is fastened over the camera,
one back of it and the
through, passing vertl-
aperture and
This nporture, through which
are made, Is one-halt
hs of an inch only; the
fo through it ts one Inch
hree-fourths high, or, in photo-
arlance, it In a ixt 3-4 ple-
An average acene, as the resaue
tnkes 10 or 1h minutes for
three different parts or five minutes
ranch picture and us there are 16
of the tiny protographs to one foot of
negative, ne less than f
in may be enptured by:
ribbon string.
shutter is FO erranged as to pass elr-
tn
e cularly over the aperture, making In-
stantancoun exposures, and the click
tter corresponds with the
negative _
{nch,~”. THe “operator by: merely -turn-
10,090 of these,
ing -tho ‘crank: of the camera -machine
fperforms. all. these operations at. orice.
the! rihban, la rewound In thie
: bedn intreduced at the studlo,
SCONO pines
with the usual arrangements 1c ues,
ing Kecnery canvases, but with the
palette meving aleme the rebling in-
pstead of the usual more or tess in-
vonvention way on the floor, This do-
vise of the palette Is unique. Seones
larger than those on many Broadway
atagen can he reproduced here, with
backgrounds 30 feet high and fore-
Breunds 40 feet deep.
Tn the tcenes of the great train rab-
bery there were ensembles of 30 per-
sasns, mud It must net be imagli
that these are cheup or clap-trip per
formances, either, The Edison tdea—
Mr, Porter's own ambition—Is to pro-
duce here the very finest moving
pletures obiainable, and thay exceed
av the tmported French ones in do-
call: and magnificance. -
_,The ‘Beones, palnted under Mr
Stevens’ ‘direction by the scenic ar-
sts are in distomper—that Is, they
iso only blacks, browna’ and whites,
sith tho varying shades of these, 18
dhotographs do uot take color na color,
dut only. suggest (t. Houses or htock
scenery are built up and the atands
and wings constructed as in a therter,
only with much more attention to de-
falls and naturalness, For the cam-
era, anllke the eye, efannot easily bo
deceived. “Staginess" is avelded and
realism {sin avery’ case! given’ place
over “effect.” Scenes indoors can he
E ken at any tle, now that tho now
aml wonderful artiilelal daylight has
‘Much of-tho apparatus for coi -
ing this light Is the dovice of Ste Por
ter himsélf,;and the strength of the
violet: rays capablo of being thrown
from any part of tho-stage.on any part
i+ jalmont. beyond. betief. Equal to. al
| thetennd of.tte..ordinary arc. lamps
ithe ght: concentrated on,th atnge by
‘the reflectors is in ‘ob Atodraphbe erie
caiculable at the roiawing intensity:
Taking the are‘street ght at its usual
power ‘of 1,000 standard candles, the
xttdio + Ught equals £,600,000, chnilo
power.’ Such oa ght, In violet raya,
is not.glaring, but [s like deyllght dif-
tuseds “4.
‘The -elnetrical cqulpment «of. the
whole building Is perfect and \inter-
Changenble, and especlully so of these
ynysterious Ktago, lights, An ordinary
f heat@. switch hox, with spider boxes
Qnd tho usual maze af connections,
Ae usdd. “Blectric moters of ditforent | a;
reg eoina handy - for-mochaniaal_of- ‘ore
Hit ea ther can ho produced | qr,
rater eabin, scene whatever, even a] ip
‘A water xcone?: Certainly; an
izeery is explalned when we Same th
ne Ahe floor of the stage. This floor, | tue
Gixah feet, ix ; built In square sections,
whieh can bo! lifted away, ane hy one,
Beneath fs discovered x great tank, 1
the fult size of the xtage and eight in
ect deep. The flaor and beams are so 4
orrinner as to render the formation | ¢
of n-pond, a fountaln or a Inke, ar Me
een the xeashore, easy, according to ie
WSIS SEEDER
ie uumber of sections of floor ‘taken id
pe
A film soveral hundred feet long
Sweald hardly go Into aw Nntiesarien
deyeloplug tray, oxcent In Brodbing-
nay (ho Rants eountry: so spectat
apoaratuk Is used in devolenment ay al
fineat equipment prabably In the Whole
world Ik here at the Edison studio,
Up on the third floor is a mysterious
room, Which at first glanee looks like |
rome new kind of Turkish bath, thero] §
bene six porcolals tuba ranged down] )
{ts length, These are as large as bath-} 4
tubs, much ike them [In appearance,
but have upparatus around whieh]:
would disconcert anything but a cha-]-
melon. Underneath each is mn gna jet]
series for henting, and at ench end are) )
axles, cranks and motors. ‘The latter’
ure compact little devices which are};
uxed to turn tho axles aforesaid. Now] 1
the’ other aide of the room contains
Roveral huge drums, hollow and open}:
vended, like cylinders. Mr. Porter, who];
himeeif conducts, the important prov
ccas of developing, places one of tha
cylinder druins on tho axles of the
first tank. This.contnins the developer
and the bottom of the drum dips into
tho uid. Then aw negative ts unwound,
all Ught havirig been excluded by
double. curtains at the window and a
red Nght turned on along. the wallr.
Tha several hundred feet of film tn
kept. In motion until the pictures dn
the negative begin to “come up,” The
red: Nght burns «magically, . Mghting
dimly the great rovolving drum, Itke
& null'of-necromangy. The light comes
from curlous. conjenl”dovieos. |
After development tho ‘drum: ia. fl}
ed Into a tank of water, warmer .than
blood heat, and from -there: at once
Ufted over to No, 2 tank, where he
hypo clears the pictures. While {the
first drum is on its way down /the
room from tank to tank a second jand
togy, and outside these rooms ts, tho
ing hall, where the films are reeled
tod /tho. germinating of, the iden. :
that) In the Jithleoft pRamhaverbe
ante saute ved many of the. mbst: success:
r-a]ful motion pictures of .the year; -and;
-lconaidering: that -the building Itself? 1s.
hardly © year’ old yet,. this la highly
creditable to Mr. Porter and hls‘assist-
ants. Among other “screaming” suc-
‘ute cesses may be mentioned “The Mid-
had {night Ride of Paul Ravere,” “THescucd
t from an Englo'a- Nes" “The. Great
teh’ is Heht-lght “by, the-same,
ay ic: machinery. that.:moves the
shutter;: it:da evident that when ‘the
picture ‘lings “been taken the “negative
is: already’ packed for removal to, the
factory-studlo.. 9 4. : :
‘Returplug: tothe studio we witness
the preparations for-n large Indoor
pleture, (Thero are many seener- In
moving picture series that from thelr
third aro started after It, ench be:
many hundreda of tiny "metures The
series of tanks contain: No. 1,-devel-
oper; No, 2,’ warm water; No.3, hypo;
Nos, 4 and 6, water—tha bathing [a
to wash clean the films of hypo—and
No. 6, glycerine !and water, to render
the films pliable In - handling.
‘ Behind the developing room isn a
ting
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
des,
oss, |Train: Robbery.” and “Nellie, the Pret-
und tty. Typewriter.” 7 :
iG: Selection of a proper site for ench
= scene often Involves Journeying about
tho country or even into distant states.
In tho “Paul Revere" series, for ex-
ample, the whole company had to jour-
noy to Boston, where the historical
the places: and -bulldings ure located, . The
lawelte-up is aften condensed from his-
titors\ or fiction, as often made up
: . ;
70u
historlealf or .magleal character, or
their. .being merely comediettas, are
produced Indoors ‘on the stage. . The
glass roofed portion of the Edison
studio we havo alrently mentioned as
‘being « combined nhotographic studlo*
and theater, The/general Moor Man
is the letter T, a’court 30 by [10 feet
opening at right nangies into. anothe
whore dimensions are 49 feet dew
6$ wide, the whole width bein:
\
‘ large chemical dark room and Inbora-
“On gr@al seven-foot hi, Y
ims, which erch hold Gop Toot, at
4. Hero there must bo no dust, as
:t would settle on the pletures ‘and
k Ike pleces of coal.in magnifying
| Reenes on-n xcreon. Sa tho ndvan-
8 of stone Moors, walls and cell-
78 becomes mantfeat. ven’ the toa
sh speeding of “the rollers .ts avold-
7,10. Prevent currents of dust carry-
‘his drylng. is followed hy
pection and brushing off, nad che
1 films are reeted into their boxes
un, rendy for shipment. Llewellyn
rk, where they are doveloped into
altives and prepared for market. -
peal Ler lear need
iJaaraal
‘al letsee
REPUBLICAN CAMPAIGN FUND
REASURER SHELDON rites’ REPORT SHOWING
TOTAL AMOUNT COLLECTED $1,656,000.
{ df, This Amount, $1,085,000 Waa Reccived ‘and Diaburacd
gcabite New York.and Chicago Headquajters—Chas.
+ POTaft the Largest Single Contribytor, His
Total Being $110,000—Andrew Carne-
gie Gave $20,000 — Membera of
- Firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Co.
Contributed $19,000.
Albany—Treasurer George ; : Sheldon, of the Repub-
lican National Committee, has filed with the Secretary
of State the list of contributors to the Republican cam-
paign fund, Tho total amount received was $1,656,518.27,
Of this sum $1,035,868.27 was received and disbursed at
the New York and Chicago headquarters and the remain-
dle, $620,150.00 was collected in the several states, turned
over to the National Committee, and redistributed for use
in those states, ‘
Charles P, Taft, brother of the President-elect, was
the largest single contributor to the fund, the total of his
published contributions reaching $110,000, It is under-
Ste
‘| stood, however, that he gave much more to the expenses of
election through channels other than the, National Com-
mittee, : :
Among those’ who contributed $10,000 or more were
Lars Anderson, $25,000; Andrew Carnegie, $20,000; Alex-
ander Smith Cochran and William Nelson Cromwell, cach
$15,000; J. P. Morgan & Co, $20,000; Edyth Agnes Cor-
bin, M. C, D, Borden, Whitelaw Reid and Frank A, Mun-
sey, each $10,000. ;
Other than individual contributions of $10,000 or in.
excess of that sum’ were made by A. G, Paine, for the
Union League Club of Now York, $34,777; Myron T. Her-
rick, chairman, $25,000; Union League Club of Philadel-
‘| phia, $10,000; E. T. Stotesbury, chairman, $10,000.
The following persons gnve $5,000 in a single con-
tribution; Thomas P. Walsh, B. C. Converse, William
Barbour, Ferdinand Sulzberger, Max J. Sulzberger, Geo.
F, Baker, Jas, Speyer, D, O, Mills, A. Busch, Simon Gug-
‘| genheim, Kountze Bros. M, T. Cox ($7,000), W. P. Clyde,
J..& W. Seligman & Co, A. D. Juillard & Co., Nerman B.
Ream, Ferd. P. Smith, Robert Bacon and D. R, Hanna.
Mr, Converse later increased his contribution by $1,038,
as did a number of other contributors by ditferent amounts,
Besides the gift of $10,000 by the Unicn League Club
of Philadelphia, already’ noted, the club made additivnal
contributions, of which the largest was $5,000.
Among the contributions by women was $1,000 by.
Mrs, Russell Sage, ie oe H
Other contributions to the Republican campaign fund ,
were: Theodore Roogevelt, $1,000, Henry W. Taft, $1,000, ;
Edwin V, Morgan, $3,000, David J. Hill, $2,000, Oscar S.
1 Straugs, $1,000, Cornelius N. Bliss, $4,000, Henry W'iite,
$1,000, H. Clay Evans, $1,000, W. Emlin Roosevelt, $1,000,
H. G. Squiers $2,000, Gifford Pinchot $5,000, Joseph H.
Choate $500, Elihu Root.. $2,500, W. C. Proctor. $2,500,
“Charles S, Francis, $1,000, William Loeb, Jr, $300, G.
von L, Meyer, $2,000, Frank B. Kellogg, $1,000, C, A.
Severance, $1,000, C. G. Goodrich, $500, C. G. Dawes,’$1,-
500, J. A. Patten, $2,000, Henry Lee Higginson, $2,500,
Charles E. Stecle, $2,000, Clarence Mackay, $1,250, Charles
M. Schwab, $2,500, Alva C. Dinkey, $500.
The contributions cf members cf the firm of Kuhn,
Locb & Co, have renched a total of $19,000. IJncob H.
Schiff gave $10,000, Mortimer L. Schiff $5,000, Otto H.
Katn .$3,000 and Louis A. Heinsheimer §3.000. There
were eight contributions from members: of this firm, !
Albany—The New York County Republican Commit- .
tee’s election expense statement shows veccipts of $154,-
613, balance on hand $1,868. The stute committee gave
$60,000, the national committee $14,175, J, P, Morgan &
Co, $2,500, E, H. Gary $2.000, O. T. Bannard, J, S. Speyer
and B, B. Ford’each $1,500; Henry Clews, George W. Per-
kins, John B. Pearson, Lloyd C. Brice, E, C. Brice, ench
$1,000; William R. Willcox, John Jacob Astor, C. M. De-
pew, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and Cornelius N. Bliss each
$300. . - i if
Other contributions to the National campaign fund
were: Cleveland H. Dodge $500, Frank A. Day $1,000,
George A. Draper $4,000, J, F. Dryden $900, W. S. Dickey
$3,000, Thomas A. Edison $500, Estabrook & Co. 91,000,
Fred H. egtonseonesticlise. Fleseumann $1.000, EB. S.
Fowler $500, Harvey Fisk & Sons’ $500, R. Fulton Cut-
ting $500, Henry Clews $1,000, E. C, Converse $5,000,
W. Bayard Cutting -$3,000, John Clailin'$2,000, J, L. Cad-
walder $1,000, Simon Guggenheim $5,000, T. A. Gillespie
$500, W. D. Hoxie $1,000, A. D. Juillard & Co, $5,000,
Kountze Bros. $5000, Keech, Loew & Co, $500, Seth Low
$1,000, Mrs, John Hay $500, ;
os ere eet
“
fi ths bug plo Dispateh
Nov 2%, 19°F
re ane
fal tN Weis
"3" FOR CARNE,
ONCE A TELEGRAPHER
_ 73 From Many
Says Authors’ Olub Probably,Ad-
’ taitted Him on Ground Ho. |
ET
[By clssociated Press to The Dispatch.) ad
/) NEW.YORK, Nov. 27.—The telegraphic
: flasll sign, “73,"" meaning “Regards,” ticki)
scores ‘of timerstonight over the special,
wires to the “Hotel Manhattan banquet
room) where the Old-time Telegraphora’ of
New York entertained Andrew ‘Carnegie
in honor of his birthday, At the*table |:
with him were Thomas A. Edison and: five |'
of the nine fir eracors. regularly em
Ploycd by the United States’ Government,
sent fron the Pennsylvania Railroad ling
in ‘response to a message dated‘ “Wash-|
3 173," or “compliments,” was the ‘sen+
ment with ‘which, “the ald “time: toleg- [J
raphers'of New York, as hosts, greted 1
Andrew Carnegie at a dinner in“honor|+
of ‘his - seventy-third birthday at tho|1
: Hott. Manhattan last. night. ‘Riames t
= ington, April 22, 1861,” and signed by Mr.] 4 Rrra iia telegrapher, was at};
arnegic. . Sern) . :
m Colonel Robert C, Clowry, president of .. Col, Robert C, Clowry, was toastmas- :
ae/the Western Union Telegraph Company, ter. Tho souvenirs were [nmatature tele.
presided ag toastmaster. Colonel David H. graph. sounders of bronze and ebony,
yo| Bates said when the Government refused ind over’ one of then
1c, ] {0 pension the ‘militar: felegraphors Mr, Ineszages wera sent te ee eaplimentary
e 4 + . Mr, son. Not-
re- | Carnegie at once provided life incomes of withstanding ‘his r hearing,
nant {$12 per, month for members of the old able.to under: Dibein e eeee
corps. The souvenirs of the evening were Rich 1 semana them, © 4.2 ‘
nee | Miniature telegraph sounders of ebony and oe alegre 7 ens or pata Pa,, still
TOnZe, eine “r despite his white hatrs,
a “TI believe,” said Mr. Carnegie, “that jtold of incidents ‘of the jenrly GOs, when,
ym-'| When we get to heaven and are challenged iwith Mr. -Carnegle ‘us superintendent, |_
ar | and asked why we prank to fone jn we the,mitltary telegraphers were In charge :
oy eo Ra a er ge ea (et the ederal wire He paid hes
Se signal na ho spoke the numerals. Mr. |’ it piiment| to" Mr. Carnegie as the|.
on Carnegie said: “There is no higher com- * aa of that service, Col. David If,
ag} pliment which can. be paid you than to ates, ono of tho military telegraphers, :
‘as ave the friends of po boyhood days pralsed Mr. Carnegie and sent. him “73" |,
: | the friends of your older days, I would gyer one of the miniature younders In- |}
en{rather have, your certificate of friendship 15 Ste @ Speaking tt. . - =
of} than one signed by all the .priests and 500 GO esle sald he was surprised to |!
in | bishopa in the Jand.” ae &0 Many of his old frienda Present. |:
bid i . of them, he-sald, had achieved amt
tw | Mr. Carnegie humorously referred to the
time he had applied for membership in the
Authors’ Club, enying: “Some of the au-
thors said that no iron master could ever
have written my book; that it had prob-
ably been done by my secretary. At the
Nence, especiatly Edison, who vw,
class by Mmself as an thventor tra ree }
ferred ‘tothe ‘fact. that ho. had ‘been |?
fealted father of the Milltary Telegraph: | ‘
‘Jere’ Corps and anld those days were the
" happlest; daya of his Ute, Pieking_up
one: of tte miniature sounders, Mr,
is te nee hn
sr-|next meeting a gentleman. took in tho Carnegie eltek: wage
be | manuscript Which 4 had written in pencil, “E bellove," fie ‘continued; “that wh
y.|Then another man said they did not want awe get. to"henven and are aejey when
js|any millionoires in. the. club, You know ae Want'to come tn, we will plek up occa
how conceited those authora are. An- of theso little instru:
other writer said T was Probably, all right SE Bae Ae
ag rich man, but that 1 was a fool as an.
author, I suppose it was upon that basis
I- was finally admitted.”
‘WIFE OR SWEETHEART?
Shrinking Fram . Chetan. nee
menta and say”*73,*.*
——
¥,
‘TOT long ago—said the Observer—it was
NJ given out in the daily papers that
“44AN, Edison was about to retire: that he
J ould invent no more. He was quoted as say-
lng that he had been at work now for over forty
bs: years, week-days and holidays,
AThe Rumor besides many nights all night
a
“That Edison time that he took a rest. He
BST yn said he wanted to retire and
sWould have fun.
yin, I suppose that many people
$ Retire who read this paragraph form-
Rag ed a swift mental picture of the
“Inventor, rich in both money and fame, living
-#(f'gome restful country place, or enjoying the
F’. “diversion of a trip around the world in a steam
yacht. 1 had a momentary vision of that sort
agmyself, but it went up in a laugh. I knew it
.-zwas another of Edigon’s little jokes. +:
su] “HE other day I went out to see Mr. Edi-
son at his laboratory in Orange, New
BY s. Jersey. I had not expected to write
“anything about my visit, having quite another
purpose in view, but [ came away with a curi-
tight years ago I had occasion to visit Edison’s
ratory repeatedly, and to talk a number of
. “times, more or less at length, with the inventor
#BRciblmself. At that time [ was chielly interested
“In the results of Edison’s extraordinary, activi-
Mes, for if there ever was a place of maryels,
that place was, and is to-day, the inventor's
Maboratory at Orange. At that time I missed a
selear ‘iew of the man in the multitude of his
Waworks. In eight years the plant at Orange has
‘ssdeveloped new and greater buildings, filled with
yen more marvelous marvels; and yet when L
N.THE INTERPRETER'S HOUSE
seat i
So they drew on towards the house (the house of the Interpreter) and when they
came to the door they heard a great talk in the house.”"—Bunyan's Pilgrin’s Progress
long, and he thought it about -
ously new impression of the man. Seven or’
[PHOTOCOPY] :
came out of the little gate into the street after
my visit the other day I found myself strangely
unstirred by the new things I had seen. I
found myself saying: ‘The most wonderful
thing here is this wonderful old man.” For
while he has worked for forty years with retort
and lathe and dynamo, the greatest of his in-
ventions, after all, is a unique human character.
When we met the other day
Having the [ referred to the newspaper re-
ports I had seen.
Fun of “T thought you bad retired
and that you were looking for
His Life fun.”
“Me?” he answered, “Why,
T have retired, and I’m having the fun of my
life.”
It was one of the hottest days in August, a
time when many men rush away to the hills or
the seashore; but Edison looked as though he
were working harder than ever. He wore an
old, thin, black coat, a good-deal soiled; on his
forehead were-a number of bright green spots
and streaks, reminders of recent activities in
his chemical laboratory, and his white hair was
well rumpled where he had run his fingers
through it in one of his characteristic gestures.
He gave the impression of a singularly sturdy,
able, active man, And as for looking tired or
worn, no man ever looked less so. I have
rarely seen eyes with more of the eternally
youthful in them than Edison's. Youth and
humor, and a sort of accomplished content-
ment, these are all in Edison’s eyes. As for the
exact color of them—a friend has asked me
since I returned—the. other iripressions I
had, the character impressions, are so strong
I can scarcely remember: I should say gray-
blue.
Io1
Pe aera Sasa
: [PHOTOCOPY]
102 ’ The American Magazine
He explained what he meant hy retiring and
resting after forty years of wark.
“Vve retired,” he said, “from nioney-mak-
ing. ‘That's what I have been trying to escape
from. Now I'm free, and I’m going to have
some fun. Money has got me into all the
trouble I’ve ever had. Hf you want lies and en-
tanglements and trouble, just go in for money-
making. If you want to meet rascals and have
friends turn out bad, get into business! No,
I don't like the crowd or the
Has game. I don't sce how any
sman can go in for money-
Retired = making as a real business in
life. It would kill me. I don't
from need much of anything per-
sonally, but I've had to have a
Money- lot of money for my work,
It’s come, somehow, and now
making— I've got all I need, and all I
want—and I've retired.”
That's AH “And you're having fun?”
“Yes, I’m having the fun of
my life~steering clear of anything that has any
money-making connected with it, I'm trying
some chemical experiments. For years I've
been making notes—lve got a lot of books up
there filled with suggestions which I've been
planning to work out as soon as I could get the
time. Now I'm going at them—not to make
money—but just to find out things. I'm go-
ing to put a lot of things together and take ’em
apart and see what the result is, ‘That’s the
Greatest fun in the world.”
Edison's life are concerned, there has been
no change. He has merely retired into
new achievements, In the library of the labo-
ratory where I awaited the inventor I saw, on
a little bare table in one of the
The Cot alcoves, the remnants of his
luncheon: part of a glass of
and the = milk and a crust of bread.
Every day, as he has done for
Lunch —_farly years past, he takes this
simplest. of simple lunches
in the alone in his library. In an.
other alcove I saw’a cot bed.
Laboratory Here, if he is particularly busy,
and fourteen, or sixteen, or
cighteen hours a day in the laboratory is not
enough, the inventor can drop down and sleep
all night. Thus he rests and has fun,
He took me up-stairs to show me his plains
for “pouring” houses. Ina large wark-room
he has had the model of a house constructed,
IL is complete in every particular, doors, win-
dows, roof, chimney and all, but itis only some
So far, indeed, as the outer habits of
ten feet high and fifteen feet long, His idea
has heeii to make a homelike house of archi
tectural beauty, which can be constructed by
his new method of “pouring,” as he calls it, at
avery low expense and in an incomparably
short time, ‘ K
“T wanted to do something,” he said, “to Bi
solve the housing problem in the citics, My
idea is to make a home that will have all the:
modern conveniences, and yet be within the? ik
reach of the workingman,”* ot
Ne has had molds of iron made for a full-dy
size house like the model. ‘They can be set f
up and bolted together in a few days’ time o
the lot where the building is to stand, Int
the completed mold is poured a liquid prepara
tion of ordinary cement, which rushes into and
fills every crack and corner.
“Pouring” It requires only three hours:
zi to do the pouring in other ;
Houses— words to construct the house's
complete, including all orna-
His Present ments, chimneys, and even?
bath-tubs, After being: aleg
Enthusiasm lowed to harden for a day or
two, the molds can be removed
and the house stands practically complete, sa
of- course, for windows, doors, and interior,
work, Mr. Edison calculates that such houses
can be built at absurdly low prices, and being
practically a solid block of cement, they w
not only be indestructible, but will require next
{o no repairs, They will also be water. and
yvermin-proof, ;
“T have been working, off and on, with this,
scheme for a year or more,” said Mr, Edison, 79
“and T think now I’ve got it, Ils more ofay
problem than you imagine. I have to mee
the same difficulties that are found in casting
bronze statue—to make the cement go into the,
Proper channels, expelling the air in sucha way
that every part of the mold is completely filled-%
They told me at first that I couldn't do it, bei
cause the solid parts of the cement combinazg
tion would immediately settle to the bottomg
and that I couldn't properly fill places wher:
the cement had to flow upward. But Treg
proved that I can.” a (-
He took me down-stairs and out of doors’
where he had been conducting a series of a
cement-pouring experiments in large woodeaX
frames. One of these frames was constructed Mam
like a huge letter “U,” with a square boltom;
Into the top of one leg of the “U" he had
poured the cement, and it had risen and filled turing}.
the other leg. Upon drying, part of the fram Ad iton whit:
was removed and I saw the smooth, even te ;
{ure of the solid cement casting. I asked hi
when he was to “pour” his first building. 2
[PHOTOCOPY]
In the Interpreter’s House 193
if “Soon, now,” he said; “the molds are about
rady. ‘They cost $25,000, but can be used for
‘a an innumerable number of
‘Will Take houses. Iam training tivo
young engineers to louk after
the. work. We're going tu
ae pour the first building just
. My sh : over there, oulside of the labo-
all the 3 ratory grounds. It it doesn’t
Hin the! work outéthe first time we'll
\ put a stick of dynamite under
out, and try again.”
; fremarked that it: seemed to me that he
‘IMC ON USER stood a chance of making a good deal of money
Into ‘wat of his invention, whether he wanted it or
woparas 2 4
ulo and 2 “Nota bit,” he said. “Personally, 1 shall
-orner, F ma make accent. ‘This is my contribution to
hours y te housing problem. Of course I shall license
4 other: qatractors under my patents to do the work,
house ‘ofeapes} (fa order to see that it is properly done. They
i. ornas,4 ae will naturally make their profit, but none of it
i even (AGRA will come tome. I believe this system is going
wally w make existence cheaper and better and
lay or-¥4 pheazanter for thousands of men who now have
emoved to five in flats and tenements in the cities.”
“save, : '
interior 4 E walked, around in the sunshine to
houses y WW the door af the chemical laboratory,
* being Pt Inside I could see the long tables
fi, Died with retorts, bottles and glasses and the
Be, all the familiar paraphernalia, and a
wamber of men in long aprons at work.
Edison himself does very little of the actual
experimenting. His is the brain
that directs, so that he can
keep many men at work upon
of Clean = the details of the problem he
. has in hand. 1 parted from
Greatness him there at the doorway, but
. * Tcarried with me the picture
be made standing bareheaded in the sunshine,
fy erect, white-haired, in his worn black coat.
‘His tine face, with the minute humor-wrinkles
around the eyes, was unmistakably that of a_
contented, peaceful, simple-hearted old man.
Aad I thought of his unpropitious boyhood and
7 youth, the lack of education in the sense that
ge: we now understand education, the long hours
Be rand the hard work—then I thought of the great
Bt manufacturing buildings rising all around him
¢
Ryd ul
fipay bere at his Orange laboratory, each the ma-
irncted 3%
acttom,
te had bis fertile brain. I thought of the manufae-
| tilled ZR turing plants in every part of civilized crea-
(rame ! Jb tion where wheels turn and belts whir wholly
“1 exe eo partly because this man has lived and
vd him Bie worked. T thought how life had been made
: beighter and easier and swecter for hundreds of
" By, terial clothing of an idea that had sprang from -
millions of human beings through his many
inventions, If any one remains who is not
convinced of the power of mind over matter,
let this convince him: for these things, alse,
are miracles.
And it is clean preatness—Edison’s, He
wears by rights the look of a contented man,
He has robbed no widows, crushed no com-
petitions, stolen no franchises, taken no re-
bates, He is rich not because he gambled in
the stock markets; nor employed children and
women at starvation wages; nor awaited,
doing nothing himself, for the rise in the price
of Jand or corn or cotton. He is famous not
because he manipulated an election, or bribed
a legislature. There is nowhere in his career
any record of success which came of devious
or deceitful ways. His is indeed a clean great-
ness, He has worked for what he won, and
everything that he has done has been in the di-
rection of making this a better world for man-
kind to dwell in,
Men who toil all their lives for themselves
alone grow tired: they want to stop and “yet
something out of life.” Of course they do;
but they are tired, not of work,
A Man Who but of their own inadequate
and selfish lives. But a man
Does Not like Edison does not get tired:
: you see that in the youthful
Get Tired look in his eyes. Money
doesn’t pay him, His enthusi-
asms are far otherwise, and external to him-
self. He has lived with the abstemiougness
of a monk, having few personal wants, and
the wants he had were gratified with the sim-
plest things. He has never stopped to enjoy
lengthy honors, though honors have been show-
ered upon him from every part of the world,
because he has been so busy all the time with
new concerns, There is nothing, indeed, in
‘this world which keeps a man young, joyous,
simple, like the unselfish pursuit of truth,
Surely there is no better or more hopeful
model for struggling, limited youth than this
man Edison, Not that he bas risen from a
poor boyhood to be a rich and famous inventor,
but because by steady work through many
years he has become a fine, simple-hearted,
gencrous, useful old man.
Edison why he worked so hard and so
steadily. He paused a moment, ap-
parently a tittle puzzled that any one should
ask so curious a question.
“Why, [don't know,” he said. “I have
always felt as though something inside of me
were driving me.” :
A NUMBER of years ago I asked. Mr.
The American Magazine
Mwas a significant reply. Really effective
men are thus driven by something within
themselves which is greater
than themselves, ‘Chere is a
sort of yielding to universal
foree, a unity with fife, in
which the man himself be-
comes, curiously, only the
vehicle of greater inner forces.
Great men are always more or
less “possessed.” ‘They have
heen able to raise themselves
somehow above themselves.
And that is the only trie path to noble achieve-
ments, Samuel Daniel said:
The
Something
Within
That Drives
a Man On
“ Unless above himself he can
Erect himsell, how poor a thing is mao!"
In times past we were accustomed to think
of a man with such powers as a “genius,” and
to lie down in discouragement because we were
not also “yeniuses.” But there is a new
hing abroad in the world (or a new em-
is upon it very old teaching), based upon
the soundest science. It lies in the discovery
Mut any man, the ordinary man, may, if he
will, “erect himself above himself,” surrender
himself to the possession of universal forces.
Professor William James of Harvard Univer-
silty outlined this new thought in his remark-
able article on “The Energies of Men,” in
Thy Asmaican MacaAzine for’ November,
1y07. He said there:
“The phtin fact remains that men the world
over possess amounts of resource, which only
very exceptional individuals push (o their ex-
tremes of use.”
The process by which men delve into, dis-
cover and utilize the deeper hidden energies
within themselves he calls “energizing,” and
he shows that every human being is more or
BY GOYA
. About you,
less capable of thus clevating and improving
his life. Without going further here inta this
absorbingly interesting subject, it may be said
that Edison is a great “energizer,” using to the
utmost the deeper capacities of his nature. He
would deny any special “genius.” As a boy,
indeed, he had a “knack,” just as thousands of
other boys have knacks for this or that thing,
But Edison's success lies rather in the power he
acquired over himself, the ability to use hi
energies through long hours when other men *
were asleep. ‘
HAT is it all for? T remember once
\W asking Edison that question: what he
was aiming at, what was the use, aller
all, of his inventions? He answered quickly
as though he had given that matter a ae
deal of thought.
A Conclusion “1 don't ae what you a ‘andi
are here for, or where we an
going, Do you? Why do Bis
people rush and struggle?.:
Why do you write as thoug!
your life depended on it—
and enjoy it, too? Why do T invent? We w ork ix
Decause in some way it satisfies us. That i
all we know.” 5 ;
Carlyle quotes from the dark-age monks
“Laborare est orare”—to labor is to pray. That,:4
perhaps, is the essence of Edison's religion.
In this inadequate ch T make no
for thus celebrating a living man as a hero:
is well for us occasionally to remember that we:
also dwell in times when great heroisins’ are
possible. ‘Thomas Davidson, the alone
once said:
and an
Apology
ism are in the. ull, Learn 8 Alieeve: princes,
prophets, heroes, and saints among the pany
Be assured they are there.”
A -CONTEMPORARY
EL
PORTRAIT
MENOR
In repose, grim, gaunt, cold-visaged,
Abnost emitting a repulsive force; ©
But at will, from some hidden reservoir within,
Flooding the face with pleasantness,
And for a moment washing out
‘The indomitable wrinkles;
- Then relapsing into skinny granite;
A replica of Justinian in yellow marble,
Or reincarnation of the Borgias’ sire!
; Power Direct from Coal,
teeter . -
.A short time ago a press dispatcl:
” from Denver, Col., printed in one of the
‘daily papers under the heading of
“Power Direct From Coal,” represents’
Mr. Thomas AmEdison, when referring
to-this matter, as sayihgs, :
“If I do not reach it ‘myself I will
live to see the day when power will be;
utilized from coal without the ‘aid of
steam, We are working in that direc-
tion, and some morning the world wilt
be informed that the discovery is a fact.
Electricity is many times more effec-
; tual than steam. In a few years a
steam, railroad will be a novelty.”
Whether or not Mr. Edison used the
words attributed to him is of no great
consequence, It,is very probable that
he has been misquoted, but. the dis-
patch reveals the spirit and desire for
the very novel, and the sudden, which
is characteristic of the daily press of
our day, The desire may or may not
be natural, but the confident expec-
.tation of it has always appeared to us
as unwarrantable,
The history of the development of
the steam engine, the locomotive, the
steamboat, or even the flying machine
has but one lesson for all thinking men.
The history of all these -is the record
pee ee ING
of long, laborious endeavor, marked by
slow progress and many failures, There
is nothing in all the stages set down
on the page of this history which even
remotely. resembles sudden achieve-
ment, The law of evolution is as po-
tent here as it has been in the gradual
uprising of mankind from brute an--
cestors, The lapse of time in the
growth of man’s knowledge and mas-
tery of the forces of nature is small in-
deed compared to the vast period re-
quired for his own development, but
there is present in both cases the order-
ly sequence of events which we call
+. progress, and that there have been
steps is apparent in cach.
“Some years ago attention was at-
tracted to the work of Dr. W. W.
Jacques of Boston, in the production of
electricity direct from coal, His was
a laboratory experiment, and the pro-
duction of the electric current, we are
told by a writer at the time, was
effected by the insertion of a prism of
carbon into a melted mass of caustic
potash, the whole contained in an iron
pot. One wire was given off from the
ot and the other from the carbon
prism. An incandescent lamp on this
circuit proved the flow of current. The
ron pot however, was heated to a tem-
perature of between 400 deg. and 500
degs. Centigrade by means of ofdinary
coal fire beneath it. The caustic soda
was impregnated with air, forced into
it by an air pump, and the oxygen in
the caustic soda combined with the car-
bon prism, and a current of electricity
* was produced,
There is here the burning of fuel in
order to heat the pot and there is the
operation of an air pump, both of which
consumed energy from some outside
source, and it is a question whether the
expression “clectrictiy direct from coal”
when applied to this ingenious and in-
teresting experiment is not somewhat
misleading. No great progress has so
far been made, so far as we know,
in the production of electricity direct
from coal, and certainly nothing ‘has
come to light that can be called a
commercial success.
It is of course unwise to predict from
ene instance of honest endeavor not
wholely successful, that all attempts
will be failures, whether this be in the
production of power from coal or the
development of the airship, but it is
only sane and rational to look to the
future by the light of the past, and in
so doing one will be compelled to ex-
pect attempt followed by failure and
greater knowledge slowly acquired
wherewith to prosecute further . re-
search. The sudden retirement of the
steam engine or the locomotive would
be nothing short of an economic calam-
ity, and the history of the past gives
no hint that such is, or can be, in store
November, 1908,
X
for us. We do not for a moment say
that the present order of things cannot
change, we
change that orderly progress will bring,
and no man can doubt that great and
mighty advances will be made in every
department of human endeavor, as time
goes on, but time is not only one of
the factors in the solution of the prob-
lem, but it is an important and ‘essen-
tial factor,
Herbert Spencer in his “First Prin-
ciples” says that “it is an established
mechanical truth, that if a body mov-
ing at a given velocity, strikes an
equal body at rest in such wise that
the two move on together, their joint
velocity will be but half of that of the
striking body, * * * * A body mov-
ing at velocity 4, cannot by collission,
be reduced to velocity 2 without ‘pass-
ing through all velocities between 4
and 2,"
There is here in this law of contin-
uity, as it is called, the absolute neces-
sity for the conception of an infinite
numbér of velocities or rates of mo-
tion which is gone through by the body
in changing from velocity 4 to veloc-
ity 2. There is no such thing as in-
stantaneous starting or stopping in na-
ture, though the process may appear
rapid to us, and it seems fair to apply
this method of reasoning to the case
before us,
prises for us, but it is never sudden.
“For precept must be -upon precept,
srecept upon precept; line upon line,
ine upon line; here a little and there {
‘Tittle, WA
Vy
Steam vs, Electricity.
The relative merits of steam as‘!
a bnoem many
wm en neem an
Cagineering (ny)
?
confidently expect the
|
i
'
Progress may have sur- |
|
{
|
i
t
!
Nees Se he NEE tae
a.
2
Clippings
1909
ich
ntzRom moana -Carthag a:
By te and the, “bul
{a'earning $10. rex:
oving picture
‘so, ‘perfected that
ai Be not only, move,-bu
id 411, the.
h atage cwil}) be.
the}
sYalthifult
erhaps” fikkea:
Sepending on the. fin:
a Of. country—the
Tae nd bie ‘our main trunk
belo
lmost ‘altogotha:
feof a
Wilh fh
aa
oe housed than the. man of today
cénorles cand effects” of;
raw.
orking classés,
at ‘the \masses
[PHOTOCOPY]
almost unthought of,
swith “great : ‘advantage,
al a.‘for .raliroad
uccesaful . verti
‘established—
ond jw) achle soun:
pus baals, ss
e shall:be able top
ye'd know more,
learn now *to- utilize’ th
s.it Is today,
it “be sald, th
proved machinery:
ane sarllcles ‘ot. confor
ipainst { environment ban)
8 Hel et wil
ae and the: ‘average span of life
wilt yinerense™ by a large ‘perce,
tage.
capeit gerend tight Which"ts Seine
wy
de
ft. F
a by
pny *things “hot «now-under-
iit be* ‘explained. “We, -unfor-"
have ‘only five senses if we
sibilities
goal aupplles * better, ‘and~ wil
so that 90
erjcent of the’ dfficiency ‘will not be.
2 oe in?oriormoua sume;
8 It cost, that all classes |
ie gt our “water power Will be 'uti- |!
lized | by jetectrielty ito on ‘extent »now
al be “used
“4 WesTBrosovhy
NeWyorK (Ty
[tea
~PHON
Washingt) my
premg Cougt ENG ited » “States, “Involving. ‘the
tt
validfty of, Ani at covering the disk sound rec-
ord vy iversally*: made,” the Coturibla: Phono-
graph pany fs fteft in control of the manus,
tactur® of disk sound records for many years to,
come, -
This company had sued Leeds: & Catlin. as ine
fringers,-the latter asking for a writ of certlorart
in the Supreme Court to review a decision obtalned
against them In the Cireult Court of Appeals,’ The
Supreme Court dented the application, ‘The litiga>
tion has been before: ‘the court for many yeard, es
~ Bron’,
,a small cost that all classes will be able to- enjoy the. ' es
jis awaiting which it is sttre‘of seaing- ‘realized. Just: «
[PHOTOCOPY] .
Hoo Krvsurlfe Ky New Een
ie 2, fey
(Newey
ine: 7
: “dy bg
fd
HE next era will: mae thd moat wonderful ‘advance in science | '
‘and invention that the world has ever known ‘or hoped’ for.
So vast will that advance be.that, we can now-hayo scarecly,any .
A conception-of its scope, but already a grtat many’of the inyene +
H tions ofthe future aro assured, It is only of those pnleh 1
regard as practical certainties that I speak here.
Virst.-’ Within the néxt 20 or 30 ycars—and it will chart
within: the next two or three—concrele architecture will take
9 cnormous. strides forward; the art of molding concrete will ba
reduced to.a science of perfection, and, what is equally im. .
portant, of chehpness; there will rise'up a Inrger number of gifted archi-
(ects, and through their efforis citics and towns will” agtlag up in this,
country, fk
Second. Moving-pictura machines will be so sévtiotia that tho chare
acters will not only move, but will speak, and all {he accessories of tha
stage will be faithfully reproduced on the living-picture stage, This, of
course, will not be done as well as on the regular stage, but its standard
will approach very near to that, and the fact that such entertainment w ill
be furnished for five cents, will draw vast numbers of the working classes,
‘Third. In perhaps 15 or 20 yeara—depending on the financial cons
dition of the country—the locomotive will pass almost altogether out of
use, and all our main trunk railways will be operated by ‘electricity. we
Fourth. A new fertilizer will spring into existence, containing @ -
large percentage of nitrogen. ‘This will bo drawn’ from the air by elece
tricity, and will bo used to -inercaso:the arability of the land. Jiven now ;
this is done to # large extent in Sweden, :
Titth, All our water powers will be utilized by clectricity to an
extent now almost unthought of, and will be used with great advantage,
both industrially and for railroads. :
Sixth. .A successful aerial navigation will bo cetabllshed-sperbape:
for mails—and will achieve a sound, practical working basis. 2
Seventh. We shall be able to protect oursclvea against environment
by the use of sorums and things of that sort, so that the general state of
health will improve, and the average span of life will increase by-a large
percentage,
Bighth, A new foree in nature, of some sort or other, will be din
covered by which many things not now understood will be explained. Wa
unfortunately have only five senses; if we had eight we'd know more.
Ninth.” We will realize the possibilities of our coal supplies better, *
and will Jearn how to utilize’ them so that 90 per cent. of the <allicisney:
will not be thrown away, as it is to-day. ‘
Finally, let it be said, hardly any piece of machinery now manufac
{ured ‘is more than 10 per cent. perfect, As tho: years go‘on this will be
improved upon tremendously; more automatic ma-
chincry will be devised, and articles of comfort and
luxury will be produced in enormous numbers at such.
benefits of them.
These are some: of the favoutlets which ie woud:
hoy they’. will’ be. realized is what’ the,’ uventorg: are
si inking’ now to detorinine. : woh
eee
pan
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1883,
. No...
From the
fore PRs
WeSTBROADWAY
NEWYORK (ITY
[hint ;
Nonole Va. Ello
Qa 3 1908
“When Edison Forgot.
-Speaker Ci ustica Ful-,
Court; Judge Greene, of the Supreme
[So of tho United States Supreme
Court of Virginia; District Attorney
Jerome, of New York, and_ex-Presi- |
dent McCosh, of Princeton Univeralty,
are all known to tholr acqualntances
as absent-minded men, but those who
are in o position to know say that
in this falling Thomas A, Edison has
them alt beaten,
Tho great clectrical wizard gocs
about for days carrying in his mind
the details of some Intricate problem
that he ts working out, and, If suddenly
asked a question, comes out of his ins
ner sel{ so quigkly that he does not
know where ho is. It ts related that
at ono timo he had taken his place
in Ino before a bani window ‘and, as
usual, fell to thinking about things
electrical. He was suddenly aroused
by the clerk asking: “What Is your
name, please?"
He leoked blank and embarrassed
and nobody knows what would have
happenet hadn't an acquaintance como
along just at that moment ond, “How
do you do, Mr. Edison?
“Yes, Edison, that's it—pretty well,
thank you—yes, my name's Edlson—
Thomas A. Edison,”
Ho COwmdaaren@fWard that he could
not have told the teller his name at
that instant, to have saved his life—
Washington Post,
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED [888.
No cacsecsssseanses
Peeeerertieecte)
Boe........
From the
joe se
een
NEWYORK ly <*
P.0.Box
1847 0
| [hid
Room! ‘ade Review.
Jan a i909
/ DEATH OF OLD EDISON .EMPLOYE.
/
Peter Brady, one of the oldest employes at the
Edison plant fn Orange, N, J., died suddenly at
Fy his home in West Orange on December 24, For
Fos
Prom
many years he had had charge of the men who
took care of the bulldings, and was popular with
thousands fuslde and outside of the £dlson
works. He was born in [reland sixty-four years
From the
{JONLPRes
b vkstBly |
NEWYORK CT -
iar” fA)
[hited
‘Vex. —- Bost
Ai: THLOD,
“Thor ho famous Inventor,
has m-OaWeiter who, thts eaid, ts fotow-
ing in her father's footsteps. Fer a num-
. ber of years slo has been his comrado
f
in’working out ‘various <{nventions and
experimenting. with olectricity. a
her own Inventions she has put upon tha
Market an automobile map. |
whos i aoe
First, Best and Largest.
INCORPORATED 1885,
No...
From the
Ss
b WEsTBROADWAY
NEW yoRK (Ty
tet
eon
ago. eee
~~ dAN 18 ivag
11, The Same Old Way, © 25
‘Miss Madeline. Edison; daughter of
Thomas A. Ke Is sald to, be f0l-j
oe cencaait er's footsteps ng.nti,
inventor.” For several years she ling
Vbeen his comrade in working: out«ex-")
periments in electricity, “As” her: own
invention she has put on the) market
an automobile map. eee,
——
¢
“aalem. Maas, — Were
WANs 1989
STORAGE BATTERY
FOR STREET.CARS
Edison and Another . Inventor
__ at Work on Scheme to Obvi-
‘Thomas A Wiad Frederick
Ww. Mirldge, Jawyer, and receiver of
the Third avenue raltroud system:
New York, ure in a race to sotve vel
problem of” propelling street cars hy
\9°4
wlll travel with Jt own ‘power, nnd
is not Mependent on a central power
station, whleh niny boxsibly |. break
own at any moment and th Up
hundreds of cars alt over the Una,
“CE think ft Hkely thot If the storage
battery problem is Halved Now" York
street cars will be somewhat amaver,
than at present, atthough Tt have seen
exXperlmental storage Watters’ cars In
pperation In Europe that are about
ax large as those we have tn use In
(his: elty," ee }
. Storage battery eave have bad sey.
frat tvlals In New York, Thelr first
appearance Wak on the’ Madivon and
Fourth avenue Ine, Ut was found..the
big. for the 1
cara were ‘too
pnd” consequently “éould, not’
Med with Gileknens or
{T, By Butler putin a busy week of iG!
;Thore wero more than 1000 auton:
‘In= the line: of ‘commoretat” vohtél
there was no‘diaplay that excelled, thi
; Presented by the Rapid, Atl’ sorts
‘wagons and trucks«wero there, aid}
U- the necossory mon had thelr. hands.
a Hoole utter buslnoss, partloular.:
ly the thro men, and they all report,
that the call for their goods is: very;
100,000 sons visite] the: show ‘since,
tha aonrs were Opored a week age.!
sk, alee ie
r Jt has been estimated that more than:
danlors here during the week, as anowh,
by. the record book, in which. each: ona:
registered, Thiy is a larger. number‘
than was evor ut any show before, |
gertSeigg tha cigeZot is Rent
inerfecting the dotuils foi =
‘Ton ‘and now ity members arg entitted,
: rest. And In ef hours thero ‘will,
the nothing lett but a memory, for to-"
cmMght when the Inst visitor Was out,:
ithe work Pe Atripping the Palaco began, :
{ow oversthing pertaining to the motor
show will havo to.be‘out before Bu! ure!
storage batteries, Each Is working| {day: morning, i ae
atin different lea. : Satara eee aE
¢ Not only wit many millions of dole {Edison's New Battery. ,
iy
fhe announceniont that Edison ad
gbertectud & naw ‘olectria battery canis!
uta; good time to ullow the motor make!
Kers|'to @iscuss the: matter. As most, of:
;them are | gnaoling car -bullders,, ‘thes;
atd."no that the .battery was.
Niitionize : things, “77 5 a
at:
‘golng Head
: MP wana. Reriue becuusg pe whist,
seer rm iutore; hey don't
‘ars be the prigo ef the man who
“Kets there test’ with a practical
liitornne battery, but untold intitions
Whlatsa tow Into the coffers of the
ear, lines, Not only the surface nad
Ls roads nnd subways of New York
«Will hoe driven .to adopt ft, but the
{trunk Ine roads, by common con.
vent, Wil have to put the battery in
Une, At power houses will. ther be
Al these men: have a high opinton
-e
abundoned, 5 + {
Mr. Edlson {8 now at worle ou, an}
:experhinental stove battery cnr;
[which, by agreement with Receiver
[Whitridge, he will operate in the
spring over the ‘Third avenne system,
pinstead of uaslug lead, soft: ant quick
to carrode, he hus taken nickel, which
ds tough and enduring, - Abandoning’
the old storage battery pinn of using,
chemlvals that give an neld reaction.
uecommanled by bad odors, he tx em.
ployIng n chemical combinatton with
an alkall reaction, free from fumes,
The lead storage battery, lasts but a,
year, Mtr, Edison xnys his nickel bate;
tery will Inst tive years or long ty
has already’ heen used with suce
he pol Hout, on many trucks,
Edison Storage: Battery
Ja In general. terms, electrle. ,
Liwyer Whitvidge, jon the other
hand, t having an’ experlmentat
storago battery car designed and des.
veloped that will be on combination,|
so, to speak, of the power agencles ‘ar
kasoline, and electrielty. | Regarding
iG We ways? :
{ “FE cannot say moreat present. of
the details of ‘the experimental and
atorage battery cur being, bullt as the
result of my suggestions. 1 um. no
Jnventor, but T know what is wanted,
and I have made known my ideay on
the aubject to others who are. nel
Yentors nud who will carry them into!
effect. In two or three months the!
experimental car will’ be ready: for’
text operation on the ‘Third avenue
Hner, 1 have giudly. given Mr. Edison
permission to test. his own stornge
battery car on the syatem. “One or
two. other inventors linve applied .for
the same: privilege, hut xo tar f have
Not seen enough. In thelr ldens to:jus-
ufy their trial, ee
One thing T have been convinced of
sver-since I took charge of the Third
ivenuc road, namely, the necesalty
for! a storage battery ‘system of car
proptilaton that > would “do away , with
power houses, shops and all that! sort
of “thing which now ‘render’ traltey
Operation so expensive and uncertain,
The -grent desideratum* tn’ ‘strdet: rall-
roading in'n tongs battery, car sthat
the
More Than 100,000 Peisn
—_——
Makers Not. Dismayed iD
t. ‘Rdigon's Latest Feat.
: ‘NEW YORK, Jan '7~a)! over ‘fo:
‘other your is tho Palace ‘show, and}
every Ona identided with tt 1s happy?
jfor.: thero jvas ‘no question .ns -tosits
jAuccoss. “It, aurpassed all’ tho | shownt
vheld by’ tho AJ AL GC. M.A. Invates
stengance, sales and placing of agencies.
When tho dvors closed ‘tonight it yany
greed that for real business . purposes)
fexhibitions. bring : tho. best F
thi
PALLY Wha! aac enti:
the! 5 pelock: train /this¥attaps
-moraton: thetmidnight~ and. nok’
ware golng.to stay until Sunday.§
has been arranged that' a numbar- of;
thelcars :at‘tha show will: @ -gent » 0.
BoRton,..and thle will. give agante 15]
‘ood ‘chance lo. demonstrate their linos
That: tho foreign sa tn te ti
fa.Wiee thing in going in. filth -the-n oxy,
aeems ‘certain now, after. the way’ thair
core were -examingd~ Tho, Flat: Beppid;
certainly ‘did alot of lusiness, - 1i,: Fad
Hollandor ‘presonted the. largest display;
ot years: and; chassis, y
folwayn surrounded ‘by a t) ret
EfAnother -car: that: wus one “of hei
favorites was ‘tho Lancia.: Although? it
ood -sclicr?:
the . 7
itpight: that tha-.batlery <a ne
00 Or Geen rently condone it. They
Rave . notad the experience of . the
makers of electric vehicles, and have
found that while they have been gradu-
Tally;. being perfectad, yet they . haye
never. been popular. as compared vt
i card, . ‘ a agg §
eee wnalcars Foy tliat there wore two
foults to-ba. found with the cars, ‘onu
the ‘heavy wolgh? of the batteries ‘and
thelnut of distance one might travel
IWMthout recharging, It Js admitted : by.
these nen that dt Mr Edison hue saucy:
eceded in elini! . sure: of
battories giving out quickly, t¢ will
an-Improvement of much -iniportance.
, Avie it fs xtated thet the thrat use of:
Itcwhll be fn streol cars, yet there. isa’
fletd: for-it in commercial wagons; . as:
some concerns’ now uss-otectrio power
ffor. thelr yuns. Ag to.the pleasure veht+
poles, < dn {ime it mung pe Free ed te
.dny, iy Hone 3
Jenemy but.the. day, ‘i che: gins
Ht will mike ‘any ‘Inrcad int
‘Hine eld, ff ever."
Jame; Tr,
Ad's
hozeompan
Beillave discovered.a phenomenal hed p;
1) durable Unttery,. similary
bd to" lite rzbeon di
Bs
a prtg
y cher
——
~e
4
i
. shi, and Film Service Association: Disbands.
When the annual convention of the Film- | feo must sign separate agreement; that
Service Association adjourned at the Hotel ' the whole agreement may be terminated
Imperial, New, York, Sunday ‘night, tho (by the Patents Co. upon giving notice
old body, had ceased to be a, factor in the | two weeks in advance of its intention, or
trade,,.and tho. ‘Motion Mioturo: Patentét plensuf ofthe Patents Co,
Co,, the hohlinjficoncern of:the Edison and | ‘It is noticed that in the lat of manu:
jfacturers incorporated in the document
there ta no’ mention made of Melics, who
has been left out of tho’ Patents Co,
George Kleine, of Chicago, will handle
enly Gaumont and Urban productions as
a Patent Co. member. Kleine is also rep-
resented in the rental division with nino
Biograph Companies, ‘was in solo poases- °
aion of the field. oF Ey
Tho renters as: an organized ‘body no ‘|
longer exista ‘for any practical’ -purpose,
although immediately upon the dissolutions,
of the old association o, new organization:
‘was formed, But this ia largely-a nominal ¢.
- body, and snnounces no.-serfoug! purpose.
Almost at the opening of “the ‘conven:
tion resignations wera recoived from :vari-¢f
+ oua ‘officers of- tho -assaciation, ‘and: whon:)!
thla, trand nf feeling became. annarent-iitt,
‘Jimporter and leasor of films, ‘
“Upon the first reading, objection was
4 its operation may be sitapended at tho”
a)
exchangea, in addition to his function of’
made of the arrangement whereby the’
renters wero required to collect the li-
‘t=Motio, ™cturePatentsCo. Establishes a Dictator-.
[-
a
[PHOTOCOPY]
——_——$—S— re
ASSUME CON=_
here is-going to be a bitter fight for. °
usiness’ among rentors, unless a minimum
rental: acale ‘is,enforced by tho Manufac-
turers": Association. ="! ne eat Tae
f ‘aN numberi renters,” said:a confereo,
hava ‘aleeggva gone. about employing
trol, Le eS tiona? It ia tho bual-
newwtyt tle” Bp Fo. 0 seck out houses
and circuits diqqiltz.-by a competitor, find
out what tho service is costing the exhibi-
| Na aa ee a ‘¢ ; “eh *
| is plain abovp' all’ other ‘things ‘that
_tor, and then making him a, lower price.’
- “If ona man attracts business from o
rival in this way, a third party is bound
{fo come into “thosfiéld’ and underbid ‘tho |
‘second man, Ono can easily Seo to "yitie
‘this syatem‘is going to ledd. “Tt looks as
‘though the exhibitor had it all his own
fray untess something is done to correct
. the present conditions.”
Another renter went even further than
this, declaring that he proposed to quit the
rental busineas entirely except to supply
his own theatrea, 5 number of which ho
had in contemplation. ‘Thia renter be-
Neved that those exchanges which were
not in the best flnancial condition would
go under during the price-cutting war-
ae eee :
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
tive exchanges and will be as fair as pos-
sible to all.” :
‘It becomes at onco apparent’ that the
Patents Co. proposes to regulate the nuzm-
ber of exhibition places a8 well as tho
renters, _Ench exhibitor must of course
apply for machino license, the granting of
which is optional with the manufacturer,
How the Patents people will deal with thie
phase of tho situation is indicated by this
_ Significant line:
| “9 '* © ‘Tho Patenta: Co, will care-
Hfully scrutinize each application for o
license from any new exhibitor. No license
will be, granted for aynaw theatre in any.
diatrict already well provided for.” oy
f
A
semen
’
é
FrMotio,-
metjire -Patents’ Co. Establishes a Dictator-
{ ; . shi, und Film Service ‘Association: Disbands.
When the annual convention of the Film:
Servico Association adjourned at the ‘Hotel
Imperial, New, York, Sunday night, tho ;
old body, had ceased to be o,factor in tho
j fica must sign a separate agreemont; that
the whole agreement may bo torminated
by the Patents Co. upon giving notice
| two weeks in advanco of its intention, or
4 1 its operation may bo sulapended at tho
trade,,.and the. “Motion, Ploturo: Patents. “7 pleasut ofthe Patents ‘Co.
Co,, tho holilinjficoncorn ofthe Edison and
Biograph Companies, ‘was in sole posses
sion of the fold, i
> 16 is noticed that in tho list of manu-
‘;facturers incorporated in the’ document
‘| ihere ia no’ montion made of Melica, who
Tho renters as an organized ‘body no:
has been left -out of tho’ Patents Co.
longer exists ‘for any practical purpose, |Georga Kleine, of Chicago, will handle
although immediately upon the dissolutio:
of the old association « new organization’:
‘waa formed. But this ia ‘largely o nominal -:.
» body, and announces no serious’ purpose, :)
Almost at the opening of ‘the’ conven”
‘tion resignations were recoived from vari
‘) ous ‘oflicera of. tho assqciation,' and’ ‘who
‘\ this, trend of feeling becamo apparent,” it
“was decided to give up the whole organiza-'
tion,’ After all obligations had beon satis- |
* fled thero' remained’ in tho treasury
$17,000. Of this $1,000 was presented to |
Secretary McDonald, and. tho reat.’ was
divided-among the various members. :Her-*
bert Miles and William H,-'Swanson
matched their checks; ' aniliee wou four |
hundred dollars, °
‘Tho new organization was then! atartod,
William Swanson: (Ohicago) ; ia: ‘president;
., Carl, Jaeminlo (Chicalso), vico-progldent; H.,
Liebey,’ (Indianapolis), ‘treasurer; ; Herbert”
~ Miles-+(New “York),! socretary;-and MY Ande
Hl GiNingham (Grand Rapids), Robert Lie
' ver “(Indianapolia), ‘William Fox (New’”
oxecutive committcemen,
« ‘The name: Film Service. Associatio: wil
be ‘continued. ‘Tho Patents Co,
Dusiness a a ‘members’ ‘
|: members, . a
: Tnitintion feo avag a placed’ at $25 an
t first sonvention: svasi cnet foe Atlantio Ci
i July 16, next. its "he
i While: these deliberations: “werd © lng
, ents. Co, immediately, :
A_ preliminary, meeting ;
* wae: cheld :Friday“afternoon\atéwhich’ time:
“the new’ agreament between the’ exchange:
and the holding company’ was submitte Ha
+4 venture,
; and rend by. Mr. Swanson, It: containg
twenty! igtipulations, ‘These required that
the‘rentor deal: only “with, Heensed manus
r ' facturers;: that-his possession - -of ‘all films;
Sain oe Tate Ve has signed the ngreement. .Some of the
only Gaumont and Urban productions og
a Patent Co, momber. Kleine is also rep-
resented in the rental division with nino
exchanges, in addition to his function of
importer and leasor of filma,
Upon the first reading, objection was
rentera wero required to collect tho Si-
conse feo of $2 a week for the use of pro-
jecting machines by exhibitors,’ It was acen
that such a plan would immediately ‘lend
to the general practice of renters paying
machine royaltics for their “clients, as, an
inducament to draw or hold business, A
{ committee of renters put this phase of tho
‘ discussion up to Mr. Dyer . (Edison Co.)
‘and it was agreed that thor Yatenta Co,
should collect ita own royalties,
The renters were not called upon as waa
‘expected ta make an immedinte decision
ag to signing agreements, - Printed agreo-
menta were mailed to them lato this week,
and were not to become operative until
“Jan, 20, after which time no renter may
receive ‘shipments of licensed film until.
renters known to have affiliation swith the
manufacturers declared thoir intention to
i'{ bers of the Chiengo and Western delega-
‘4 tions) had plainly not yet.made up their
minds, and it wae evident would hold off
until the Iast minute.
There was very little “independent” talk
{the nucleus, ‘Melies is now equipping a
a large plant in Chicago, taking over tho
Criterion Theatre thero as a studio and
factory. The house is the’ property of
Lincoln J. Carter, who is intercated in the
Max Lewis, of the Chicago Film
Exchange, is president,
Tresides this there are the forcign firms
, dropped by George Kleine from tho list
‘bo.in-the nature of lease’ and not actual 3 he represented in this country, Theso tn:
‘ownership, and that he return, al) films tor
wiclude among others the Lux, Italin-Rosal,
the. maker ot stated periods: (six, months) 37 4 Clarendon, Raleigh & Roberts, Ambrosio,
“that ‘the renter, shall, pay’ for films the
Radios, Theo, Pathe, Aquila and Walthur-
price list published in a scalo, which may daw. Williams, Brown & Earle, the Eng-
ve changed by the Patents Co. upon duo
notice being given; standing ordera must .
remain in force fourteen consecutive daya;
rentera may not sell or rent licensed film,
to each other; that no “duping” shall be
engaged in or permitted; that renters shall
’not supply films to any exhibitor who has:
used independent films or a projecting ma-
chino not licensed by the: holding com-
pany; that each renter shall order not less
than $2,600 worth of film cach month, and
make payments weekly; each branch’ of-
Heh firm,:could also deliver film in tho
American market as woll as saveral Amer-
ican producers. One member of tho con-
ference declared that he had on his desk
‘Iettera from’ twelve manufacturers ‘abroad:
;and {that in tho event of being’ ‘shut off
: ‘from a supply by the Patents Co., he
“would be without stock only eight days, ‘
it requiring that time for the dispatching
_of a cable.and the shipment of the films
from Tendon, Paria or other European
_
points.
made of tho arrangement whereby the’
around the lobby of the hotel, although it”
Fl was the gossip that if an opposition did
develop, the Melics Company would form .
hore | is ‘going to be o bitter fight for.”
i ‘Tt \e plain above ‘all’ 1° other" things’ that
weiness among renters, unless a minimum
rental: sealo ‘is , enforced by ve Monuface
turers’, * Association, : us
Pa Ns ‘numberof. Srentora,”” sald, a confereo,
hava? jiiee Ve, Fone - about employing’
~ bbre" ape op e
“ting? It is the busi-
neuletdf tke" ip F}. 0 seck out houses
and circuits dq aeby n competitor, find
out what tho service is costing tho exhibi-
tor, and then making him a lower price,’
- “If one man attracts businesa from o
rival in this way, a third party is bound
ito come into“ “thos fiéld ‘and underbid ‘tho | M
‘pecond man, One can ensily Seo to ‘ii district already well provided tor.”
1 this system 'is going to tedd. :
“Tt looke as
though the exhibitor had it all bis own
jvay unless something is done to correct
. the present conditions.”
} Another renter went oven further than
this, declaring that he proposed to quit the
rental buainess entirely except to supply
his own theatres, n number of which ho
had in contemplation. ‘This renter be-
lieved that those exchanges which wera
‘not in tho beat financial condition would
go under during the price-cutting war-
which ia in prospect.
It is inevitable that the new requiromont:
* of $2,600 orders a month will immediately
eliminate a largo number of branch offices
whose «business docs not equal « Has
amount.
i Ono. paragraph which will be of some
importance to renters is that which for--
bids them to ship films out of the United
States except to insular possessions.
This cuts tho American renter from
any possibility ‘of Canadian ‘trade, ‘It is
‘probable that the various manufacturers
‘will rent the Canadian and provincial
“rights to their produvtions on a royalty
basis. Formerly American renters found
an almost open market in the Dominion.
One renter it was reported had frankly
announced his intention of refusing to
sign tho Patents Co, agreement. This was
Lewis, Mr, Lowis’ connection with tho
Melies Co. and his reported refusal to
give up his enterprise aro said to havo
made him highly unpopular with the
{ manufacturers,
Late this week the Patents Co, sent out
+a general statement to rental exchanges
- in which notice was given that tho renters
‘must furnish the company a list of all
theatres served by them, together with
aize, location and details of film service.
Unless these lists are in the hands of the
Patents Co. by January 20 the Patents
people will refuse to grant a license to the
delinquent. Tho statement likewise
serves notice on the renter that he may
not furnish film to any exhibitor until he
(the renter) has ascertained from the
‘Patents Co. whether tho exhibitor has
paid his.machine Heense feo from Febru-
‘ary 1 to March 8 Any exhibitor who has
not secured a license for his projecting
machine by February 1 will be cut off from
supply and the suggestion is made by tho
manufacturers that the renters make sure
An important peragraph states:
“No minimum achedule has been in,
corporated in tho new agreement, althoug)
it is contemplated that auch a sachedu
will in the near futuro bo establish
when the exchanges havo adjusted ther
selves to tho workings of the new cq ,
ditions of license, Such a ochedule will] .
drawn after consultation with represen] ;
their clients aro notificd to this effect. ,
tive exchanges and will be as fuir as pose
aible to all.” —
‘It becomes at onco apparent’ that the
Patents Co, proposes to regulate the nurn-
ber of exhibition places ag well as tho
renters. Ench exhibitor must of course
apply for machine license, the granting of
which is optional with the manufacturer,
How the Patents people will deal with thia
phage of tho situation is indicated by this
_ significant line:
«oe ‘e * ‘The Patents:Co, will care-
\ fully scrutinize cach application for o
license from any new exhibitor. No license
will La. granted for aynaw theatre in any, ;
aA
oe
samen
| [PHOTOCOPY]
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
|
|
|
|
ie
~
[PHOTOCOPY]
THE SIGNIFICANCE:
Se Baebes Di
-Bainting, ‘apd
“Ab
and was fully ‘itlustrated.~ In opening,, Dr,
Huebsch ‘told a story about Edison, which
p sald was given to him By alnter
entioned therein, and had never before
een told ‘inypublic, The grent electrician
nt for his portrait, and after watching
he artist !atrange jnis easel, set? his
palette, etc,, asked: -“WWhy don't you
toring a camera? ‘That's the aclentific
way to make a@ portrait,“after all.” The
painter ‘answered: “I am ‘not golng to
make a sclentific portrait.”
“This led to discussion of the many ways
In ‘which’ portraits may be stddicd, in
i which’ was dlsctosed the fdet that they
“haves inherent ‘sclentific interest that Is
manifest in several different forms, .Some
ofthe finest exaniples of portrait art are
about’:8,000" years old, and underneath
ie reinterest Mes a religious and
‘Interest as well as a ilkencss,
Hin alie colrde ‘vf ‘the lecture Ruskin was
qubtea ds aayMme! “The highest, grentest
thing/In“are' fs Wie portrayal of the human
SOUND sIZH'G 3
noghylevtagett
er
wi
cat ;.the “enetivity i
must be properly ‘etapl:
generator and yiamo tay
ght, “an
000 t:
Aree Te
has done,
‘Methusolah.’* :
. How ‘éld ‘are
standard ? :
“Are you really 20, 307 of’ 4
80 years old? >. PBs s
Perhaps ‘you have. ‘put in‘ enough |!
| Work, ‘say,-at 50 to be Teally 100 ven i
olde and failed. ee ee *t
Well, a man‘js meagurea 1
what ho, has Teally tri do thes BY
what he'has dongs .'2 40 than by
_Phillp James Bi !
whole matter so
be bettered
We.live in
son Is older than
by
In feclings,.'not‘ ngures on ‘a dial, ..
te 0 na dial,
We should ‘ot count time by +,
robs. Hoe mogt lives’.
most feels the navies
Sere a Ry.
I do this
|
sig eee ea
|
|
:
——
|
|
|
=
‘
f
Surthér, C) eagtward ‘ef Nansen’s
Bel, paberhoed of. tha’ pole: Let me offer
. rameter thatf-think will maXe, be:
6 certainty, proyided ¢! th
‘to resist the Ice ‘pi
long enforced ‘yoyage,.”
2. ation discovered to’ chagrin
‘drift mas. aries Ahinffar to one
ft thé pole it will be remembered that
pipanion "xnd "a; “mumber .of
gem bh comfortabl ra and
atrial 2 hele over tho Ico pauk.on hia, momor-.
‘abl désh,\-Knowlng to a ¢érta) at that he”
W never rogala his’ i, t make ©
eat (bo: Fra Land, “he Sas
ir gcbleving the |
conn~
DES. a te eer)
jeph's time the world haa thoved
Yacientifie improvements Wave
e development -of- wipolest «
pe thatthe drift was carryin im que
of the desired direction, to ea abin.
ital ly tied rales for a dash ‘of tw
bundre: Jes and return, and a’
time remain aljyuys tn cormmuntoation. with’
compauions.e He would we have to
ficure.on a augk dash northward and a
long. gouthorn eat, but balng always af
comimunication'y th the ship, bis northward
march could satay be extended ¢oamonth-
EInOFe, 1b
at the ico
facounter ch, sf tt ba, fairly’ gghorent,.
ass,. Of 7c own. wera ira
iy would nok Be" advisable for tho s edging
purty Co equip themselves with’ transmitting
apparatus. owing to ae welght, but it would
be necessary. t O amploy. é eat eee.
white h ‘at ‘least daily
shout]
messages. gould e. oh iD
been medo¥.. ‘Th
telgarenty: eeuld enable Amundsen,.&
igying hor | ee: fedgtng
“speolfying hor location 6.8] ri
wing aot all Hines the | Beogra) itcal peel
ne, of the ship, in this way could reac
Amundaen'expecta | on eae the pack
érasiog te be carried in tho ap
ie
ne Franz, |
i
with as much Fae, as they could a ner- *
marient laid. ulpped int inthls way I-would
peulet ‘for Amundéen a beglute squccass.
hen wo remember that w he Gjoa, a
1 Rory. vad the seeming| yar, ee in 1882, a
jovi ¢ seemingly Impossible, swith
contparatt Fah iy. modern vessel Iike ¢! he rani:
belle for this s Bpecial work and thoropghly-
beioa out, “and with & scleniitically, parfect
fgneahoed of him, £ feel Assured,
|r ne. acoidents, . that, "he. will -reach,. tha
f Rearing’ on: :
esting to recall that the Jeannette oxpedi-
tion was fitted out by Mr. Edison wi ths
special telaphone outfit empl fn uniles
or' fo, of insulated wire 60 that the orplorers
could eave the ship for that radius and
Tea ‘ind holt, ray back. The Jeannette
pas. He RO Pgulan ed with ons Ar the ear liess
! isolated - Edison -‘olectrio aie be’ plants.
DeLao: Long's 8 scheme ‘was identt
igen’ i invelying the entering ‘of the ‘pack
so ns to be osrried across tha polar. sea
with the -drilt, - Unfortunately, . however,
Prien Nan-
{the Icatnatta was too weal, Structurauy. :
to‘renlat-the foe pressure, ‘Nansen‘s’ ¥
i obvious Suny estion that a vesael .sultal 4
‘the poles, won should 60 strangis .bullt :
ice acd pet ie vessel should Fleld was,
fe ity ot poreelver br Del
“Janiary: 3 id
proasiire ts “oncotinzored the |
Une |
this auenestion (& Ib inter-'
‘|
|
or thtes |
the same i
ie
hen wk-eye ;
co
“+ BEATS EDISON.
1 inventor who"
In working
navigatlon, it would be a pr
to the ships that plow’ thé pas, It
Would revolutionize manufacturing and
railroading, and [t would make regions
habltable,, where man has but unwil}-
ingly, ‘taken ‘up his. home at the, pres-
ent timo and where, he has been con-
atantly engaged, in a war ‘with “the
‘trost, king, in which he has Aearcely
held ‘his, own ee
tv ald bea veiltablo + warm n weather
In one’ ‘ship sufficient coal
could ba taken to Labrador to” keep
ifell's charges in' comfort for
yeara, and with one of the new, con-
triyancés’ ‘and, a. gripsack full of coal
‘and ‘pl nty ‘of 'ptovistons, the arctic of
‘plorer could ough the enemy to seorf
fudge away toward the pole, uv
‘Ul dt were reached. Thero would bé
more _ fears of the exhaustion of tl
coal, mines, and the. killing =
tha ‘stoker would cease, If the man'h
La
and incidentally pour ® Bold
Vea into his lap, © =
: Thame Seextht sAagigon ‘believes he © hos 3
solve he problem of, waterproofing “the
+ North
FEdlson Solves Waterproofing Problem.
‘eoment block and a liquid, colorless prep-
aration that may be painted on & ce-
ment wall or bullding with a brush has
just been placed on the market by the
Jersey Paint Company, of --1133
Broadway. The Jersey Wizard believes
in the old adage of “First trying It on the
dog,” and so he will use his new process
on his moulded concrete home across the
ver. .
ase ‘Edison has tested all ‘the water-
proofing prepsrations and methods at
present on the market and says he found
none of them entirely satisfactory.
With the assistance of his chemists, he
has combined a volatile off with other
seeret ingredients which, when painted
on the conerete surface to be waterproof-
ed, penetrates from onc-elghth to one-
quarter of an inch, but does not leave
behind o pigment that will peel or erack
jn damp weather or under great heat.
The North Jersey Paint Company,
which has a factory at Stewartsville, N.
J., claims that this invention Is an en,
urely new departure. The mineral base
1s not ground In Its manufacture, but Is
made soluble at a high temperature by
certain volatile liquids, “The Iquld pen-
etrates into the materlal to a depth of
about 34 to % of an Inch and fills every
pore and yold. The volatile offs having
done thelr work evaporate, leaving the
-base_thoroughly [dentifled with the mass
of the structure to a depth of approxt-
mately 34 Inch,’’
No expert $s necessary to apply the
quid, as it {s put on with a brush like
any paint. Most preparations of thia
kind are absorbed Into the material rap-
idly and two coats seldom cover more
than sixty to elghty square feet to the
gallon, {t {is said, The Edlson people
claim, however, that their preparation
WHl cover from 00 to 135 square feet,
two coat work, per gallon.
Before putting this waterproofing
Preparation on the market it was put to
severe tests. Bricks and briquettes treat-
ed with this preparation were permitted
to remain under water for two and three
days with no resultant Inerense In weight,
neon!
2 SRR hs ARATE
[From Electrical World, vol. 53 (January 28, 1909)]
Edison Returns to Quadruplex Invention.
A patent was issued Jan, 19 to Thomas A, Edison on an
improvement to the quadruplex telegraph system, It is stated
that one of the defects which has always existed in the quad-
ruplex system is that when the armature of a neutral relay
employéd in that system is drawn by the full current strength,
and a reversal of the current takes place, the armature mo- :
mentarily falls away from the front stop witk a likelihood of
producing a “kick” or false signal in the local sounder, While
numerous suggestions have been proposed for overcoming this
defect,.none, it is stated, has in practice and on lines of consid-
erable length been entirely satisfactory. -The invention of the
patent consists in combining with the neutral relay a rectifier,
stich as the aluminum rectifier, by means of which, although
the current on the line may be reversed, the polarity of the
‘current influencing the, neutrat relay will remain unchanged, It
is pointed out that the aluminum rectifier presents a practically
perfect insulation of one polarity without appreciably resisting
_ currents of the opposite polarity, and therefore it becomes pos-
sible to arrange a.number of cells of such rectifier ‘jn such a
manner that a current of reverse polarity will be so commu-
tated as to pass.through the neutral, relay always in the same
direction, é
Casah
[PHOTOCOPY]
eee MEIC E fo 0 SEL ee rarege ey
INYRESSIONS OF AMERICAN INVENTORS.
THOMAS A, EDISON,
As an inventor, Edison's chief characteristic is his
pertinnetty. “Genius is two per cent inspiration and
ninety-eight per cent perapiration,” is an epigram of
his, which has been worn threadbare by much nows-
paper use, dnt which contains the whole story of his
uetlve career, Edison is a utliitarian to
tis finger tips. We never yet invented a machine
that could not bo employed in everyday life, Long
age he made a brief excursion into the field of acrlal
navigation, and although hls experlments were full
af promise, he abandoned the investigation, largely
fweause there was no finmediate prospect of applying
the fying machine to the needs of this world. Even
lus conversation Is that of a man whose Interests are
resentially practical. He would never ramble off, for
exunple, Into a metaphysical discussion on man’s place
in the universe, He 1s a glorified Yankee inventor, a
mechanic of real genius who, by dint of rare patience
und) indomitable energy, hog ralsed himself to an en-
viable position among the most distinguished selentists
of tis time. Despite the exceedingly practleal bent
of his faculties, he is a man of large ideas with a
wonderful gift of what may be termed sclentifie pene-
tration, Jew engineers and physicléts can grasp with
anything Jike his swiftness of perception the meaning
of simple phenomena, often acctdental in their origin.
Vhe phonagraph, for example, which, although not his
nreatest: Invention, is probably the most marvelous in
the eyes of the public, was suggested by experiments
wade with the telephone and automatic recording tele-
nuph, He was working on a machine provided with
dist oy} paper, similar to the present disk talking
tarhine, On the traveling arm was a magnet which
tal an cauossing polnt which embossed or indented
eh ‘dashes on the paper, the platen having a
hoe vohute splral on fits surface. After recording
‘lorse sicnals a contact point swept over the record,
‘unl Che indentations gave movement to the make and
break and reproduced the signals on another line, When
‘0 at high speed, ft would give a humming sound.
Ne knew from the telephone about the movements of
ineenset
We diaphragm, and had caused his yolee to work a
cei, Mle
SAE Inde
- Mite Ie Tuite,
forte Keon hopeless, For all that more experiments
tuchet wheel and toy figure. Then he conceived the
Mea of indenting by the voice, and reproducing the
ound by means of.the indentations. The machine was
F made, but In cylinder form, Then he decided to make
atalking machine—with what success every one knows.
When the first operative machine was produced, he pack-
dup the Instrument and came to the ofee of the Scr
tiie AMERICAN, Without ceremony he placed the ma-
rine on the Editor's desk and turned the crank. ‘The
machine Titerally spake for itself, “Goad morning,” it
ald, “How do you do? How do you Uke the phono-
reap?” And thus the Editors of the Screxrivte
AuenicasS constituted the first public audience that
aver Heteued Co the phonograph,
ff ever at Edison invention was the product. of un-
ftaeging perlinacity it was the electric ineandescent
lamp. Strange to narrate, he began with the metalile
(taments. which now threaten to supplant the carbon
Mament that he finally adopted. Ne abandoned the
metallic filament, not beeause he failed to see its im-
mense possibilities, but beeause the proper metals
could not be obtained cheaply enough until a few
years ago. Indeed, some of them were were laboratory
mritles when he commenced his epoclemaking re-
ararehes, Refare he began, he studied everything
that had been done before him, so that he could
inte up the work where his predecessors had
aeuned, When he finally decided that the filament
tuust be made of carbon, he began a search for
ile proper raw material which may well be con-
alder] a quest for a selentific Holy Grail, Men were
Mapatched to all quarters of the globe to search
for fibers having the requisite properties. One of
thee selentifie crusaders ransacked the Amazon
Junales and tasted no meat for a hundred and sixteen
dive The elghty varleties of bamboo and three thou-
fraud xpeamens of Ahers brought back by these emis-
sates were tested in Edison's laboratory, and all but
th or four rejected. Night after night he and hig
waintiunis slept in the Iahoratory with resistance
len for plows and work benches and tables for beds.
bool war passed in to them through the windows,
eeduess such as this was bound to bring success,
‘The sume story could be told of every one of the
huutreds of inventions that Edison has patented.
The method of Procedure (an object lesson to every
toventary is, always the same, He invariably begins
Wn investigations hy a thorongh course of reading,
Mtly conseiona that he is not the first in the field and
‘bot he tust know where others failed, After a
Nesoned review of the subject he hegins actual work
sw espert, who exrefully avoids covering ground
Shleh has nivendy .been explored and who begins
others avandoned Snvestigation.
Ww the hundred and thousand. Model after
Fallure succeeds failure, until further
Ae inule, and more mmodels built. At Jast an experi-
Cia2
Experiments -
ment 18 conducted or w model constructed Cait SBCOMIS
faintly encouraging, A less. expertenced inventor
would be clated, Edison, however, regards the favor-
able result with suspleton. Not untll the partial suc-
cess has been confirmed by many repetitions of the
experlment is he convinced that something has been
achieved,
TUN MONLY VALUE OF EDISONR INVENTIONS.*
The activities of Mr, Edlson have been of such great
range, and hls conquests in the domains of practical
urts so extensive nnd varied, that it {s somewhat difl-
cult to estimate with any satisfactory degree of accu
racy the money value of his inventions to the world,
First of all, let us mention the ineandescent electric
light and systems of distribution of electric light,
heat, and power, which may justly be considered as
the crowning inventions of Mr, Edison's Ife, ‘Today
there are in the United States more than 41,000,000
of these Jamps, connected to existing central ata
tlon circults, in active operation, At the present
time there are over &,000 central stations in this
country for the distribution of electric current for
Nght, hent, and power, with capital obigatlons amount:
ing to not less than $1,000,000,000, Besides the above-
named 41,000,000 ftneandescent Inmps connected to
their mains, thera are nbont 500,000 arc lamps and
150,000 motors, using 750,000 horse-power, besides
countless fan motors and heating and cooking appli-
ances, The gross earnings of these central stations
approximate the sum of $226,000,000 yearly,
In addition to central stations there are upward
of 100,000 isolated or private plants in mills, factories,
steamships, hotels, theaters, ete, owned by the per-
sons or concerns who operate them, These plants
represent an approximate Investinent of $500,000,000,
nnd the connection of not less than 25,000,000 sInean-
descent lumps, or thelr equivatent.
Then there are the tories where these incnndes
cent Jamps are made, avout forty in number, repre
senting a total investment that may be approximated
at $25,000,000,
The reader wilt naturally be disposed to ask whether
tt Is Intended to elaim that Mr, Edison has brought
about all this magnificent and wonderful growth of the
electric Hghting art, The answer to this is decidedly
{u the negative, for the fact fs that he Jald the founda-
tion and crected a building thereon, and jn the natural
progressive order of things other inventors of more or
Jess fame have udded a wing here and a story there
until the resultent great structure hag attained such
maguificent proportions as to evoke the wonder and
amazement of the beholder; but the old foundation
and the fundamental buildiug sti remain to support
the other parts,
Kdtson was the first man to devise, cunstriet, and
operate from a central station a praetleable, life-size
electric ratlrond, which was capable of transporting
and did transport passengers and freight at: variable
speeds over varying grades, and under complete con.
trol of the operator, While Mr, Kdison’s original broad
ideas are enibodled tn present practice, the perfection
of the moidern electric railway ts also greatly due to
the labors and Inventions of a large number of other;
well-known inventors, H
The statistics of 1908S for American street and ele-:
yated railways show thal within twenty-five years the |
electric railway industry has grown to embrace 38,812
miles of track on streets nnd for elevated railways, |
operated under the ownership of 1,208 separate com.
panies, whose total capitalization amounts to the enor-
mous sum of $4,123,834,598 fn 1908. In the equip.
ments owned by such compantes there are included
68,636 electric cars and 17,668 trailers and others,
making a total of 86,204 of such vehicles, These cars
and equipments earned over $425,000,000 fn 1907,. In
giving the public transportation, at a cost, including
transfers, of a little over 3 cents per passenger, for
whom a 15anile ride would be possible, No cheaper
transportation {s given in the world,
Some mention should also be made of the great
electrical works of the country, in which the dynamos,
motors, and other varied paraphernalia are made for |
electric lighting, electric railway and other purposes.
The productions of the General Electric Company
tone, as shown by average annual sales of over $i,
000,000, are of themselves a colossal [tem, but they
do not comprise the total of the country's manufac-
tures in these linés, which amount to five times aos
much again,
To Alexander Graham Bell 1s due the broad idea
of transmission of speech by means of an electrical
elrevnit. Mr. Isdigon invented and brought out the car.
bon transmitter, which is universally acknowledged to
have been tha needed device that made the telephone
& commercial possibility, and has sinee led to {ts phe: |
nomenaliy rapid adoption and world-wide use. Tis
inventions may be fonnd in every one of the 7,000,000
{elephones employed In the country at the present day.
On a conservative estimate at this writing the invest-
© Ahatracted from the fortheoming ‘ce of Edieou. hy Frank L,
Dyer and T, Commerford Martin, Copyright, 1008, by Harper & Broa, |
[From Scientific American, vol. 100 (February 27, 1909)]
inne eehate asc ace : Fe : t
Jnent iis Deen DE Hiss LT SAUOIOUOE I now exist:
Hing telephone systems, and no fewer thin 10,500,000,000
uae over the lines during the year ths, ‘These fig-
ures relate only to telephone systems, and do not fn-
{clude any detatls regerding the great manufacturing
! ostabllsliments engaged in the constructlon of tele.
‘ phone apparatus, of which there {8 an annual produc:
tion amounting to at least $15,000,000 per annum.
There Is no way fn which any definite computation
can be made of the value of Mr. Edison's contribu
tlons In the art of telegraphy except, perhaps, In the
euse of his quadruplex telegraph, through whieh alone
it Is estimated that there has been saved from $15,
000,000 to $20,000,000 fn the cost of line construction
in this country.
At Orange, N. J, may be found the National Phono:
graph Company, the Edison Business Phonograph Com.
pany, the Edison Phonograph Works, the Edison
Manufacturing Company, the Edison Storage Battery
Company, and the Bates Manufacturing Company. ‘Phe
importance of these Industries will be apparent when
It $s stated that therq are upward of 3,600 people em-
ployed, and an annual payroll of about $2,250,000,
There have been upward of 1,310,000 phonographs
sold during the Inst twenty years, with and for which
there have been made and sold no less than 97,845,000
records of a musical or other character, Phonograpbie
Tecords are now being manufactured at Orange at the |
rate of 75,000 a day, the annual szle of phonographs
and records being approximately $7,000,000, inehuding
business phonographs, The figures glven represent
only about one-half of the entire business of the caun.
try in phonographs, records, cylinders, and supplies,
Taking next his inventions that pertatn to “noving
pictures,” we find that frow the inception of the moy-
jng-pleture business to the present time Edison hag |
made upward of 13,100 projecting machines and many \
milifon feet of film carrying small photographs ef mov. |
Ing objects, Although the moving pleture business is |
SUN in its youth, It calls for the annual production of |
thousands of machines and many million feet of films |
in Mr, Edison's shops, having a stile value of not less :
than $750,000. ‘The annual product of the Edison Man. |
Ufneturing Company in this line is only a fractional |
part of the total that is absorbed by the 10,000 or so!
moving-picture theaters and exhibitions: which are in!
operation in the United States at the! present the, !
and which represent. an investuwnt ot SOIL $40,000,000,
Licensees under Edison patents in this country alone
Produce upward of 60,000,000 feet of films, containing,
more (han t LIion and a half separate photographs,;
Tn niaking a somewhat radical change of gubject,
from moving pictures to cement. we find ourselves in aj
field in which Mr, Kdison has made a most decided im
pression, | His corporation in tive years has grown to
be the fourth Jargest producer fy the United States,
With a stil Increasing capacity, Mis plant. whieh oveu.
nies 40 acres, represents in approximate investment
of $4,000,000 in quarries, railroads, and machinery,
Tho production reaches a grand total of over 4,000,000
barrels of cement up to the present date, having a
value of about $4,500,000, exclusive of package. At
the time of this writing, the rate of production is over
8,000 barrels of cement per day, or say 2,100,000 bar.
rels per year, having an approximate selling value of
a little less than $2,000,000, with prospects of increas
ing in the near future to a dally output of 10,000
barrels,
Condensing the {nformation above given, we have
the following table of Mr, Edison’s industrial netivity:
STATISTICAL IEBUME (APPROXIMATE) OF FOME OF THE INDUSTHINE IN
THE UNITED ATATES DIRECTLY. FOUNDED UPON ON AFFECTED
HY INVENTIONS OF THOMAS A. EDION,
Annual
irons Heve
Number | 4
ane | Atal
Clays of Jndustry, | Investment. [EAM of i
¥ enue pluyees, | #ay Holts,
Central etatlon ight. :
Ing and power... .]31,000,000,000 /3225,000,000 | 50,000 | $10,000,000
Trolated Incandese
at! 500,000,000 — A OO
S200. F8n000,000 | 4000 O00)
8.000.000 | 5.0n.0007 Aone Fo asrnonn
44Q000,000 7 60,000,000, 3°sdun | Sconaong
A,000,000 7 850,000 F Int ON
TT Tit.0N.000 | 140,000 | SnenLort
Polephone apparatis, 20,000,000 | 15,000,000. 12,000, 040),
Thonograph and mov-
Ing pictures, 10,000,000 | 15,000,000) b.000 | 8,000,000
Moving pletnru thea.
LUTE ie wseenaceee 000,000 | 0,000,000] 75,000 | ‘azvoncon
Edison Portland
fan | onan
000,000 100,000 | 30,000,000
$a
On the 110,000-volt transmission tne running from
Grand Raptds to Croton Dam, Mich. triangular steel
towers are used, which are placed 428 feet apart, In
place of the usual pln fusulators, for attaching the
wires to the cross arms, a spectal form of disk tnsula-
tor is used, consisting of a series of five separate disks
of insulating material, which are strung together and
stund 26,000 volts. This system of insulation has
proved entirely satisfactory,
suspended from the end of the cross arm. These disks ‘
are 1M inches in diameter, and each one is rated to ; a |
{
nt si
™, Ruse Greta. Péviow,
y ane
EDISON'S RECIPE FOR SUCCESS,
Hold on’ When Others Get Discouraged—Must
Totl Unremittingly and Face Many Dis-
agreeable Experiences In Order to Reach the
Top—An Insplring Article,
The qucation of success and now to attatn ft ts
always a familiar topic, It makes good copy, no
matter in what calling one may be engaged,
Everyone has aspirations and ideals and what-
ever the statlon of Iffe may be tho American
spirit ts lo look and aim higher up.
Take the career of Thomas A, Edison, the In-
ventor of the phonograph, for instance, Here we
have as an example a man who from a newsboy
haus worked his way up to the very top in the
selentifle world, and a min, too, who has won a
fair share of the world’s goods as a reward for
his ablllty and industry. How great men haye
climbed the ladder of success Is always interest.
ing, and {t fs worth listening to Edison's recipe.
He sald some time ago: “In scfentifle work, as
in all other work, the chief factor of success is
tho power of sticking to one thing. I attribute
all that I have ticcomplished to the fact that I
hold on where most persons get discouraged.”
Stated another way, the reason why most men
fall short of success is that they are unwilling to
pay the price. They are not willing to toll unre.
mittingly in the face of discouragement, Whey
want the frults, but are unwilling to plant and
tend the tree for years.
One goes to a concert by a famous planist or
violinist or singer. One admires and marvels at
the ease with which the artist produces wonder-
ful music, One wonders why the musictan should
recelve a thousand or two thousand dollars for
doing such an casy thing,
But one never stops to think that perhaps for
twenty years tho artist practiced hours every day
to learn to do the thing that seems go easy.
No matter what it fs In which a man or woman
Lecomes pre-eminent, back of it all lie years of
hardest, most discouraging work,
Whether one be a success a a painter, Bculp-
tor, toe dancer or an acrobat, there Is only one
way to reach the top—perseverance, stick-to-It-
iveness,
It has been said that when Edison was engaged
Upon some difficult problem he would lock himself
in the laboratory and work day after day without
flee. His meals were handed In to him through
* window. -
f When he was engaged on the problem of mak-
Ng an Incandescent electric Nght he tested and
carbonized thousands of fibers brought from all
over the world until he found the right one.
an Oona
1404
weincinnati, 0, - Gomm, Tribus
| APR BL. 1909
OVETED MEDAL
From the Royal Acadeiny, Stockholm,
_, Presented To Edison, ;
Btockholm, April 1.—The Royal Academy
‘has presented Thomas A, Edison with the
Adelskiold gold ni ions in
connection with the phonograph and the
‘incandescent ight, This medal Je ‘conferred
only once in 10 years, It waa, handed
yenterday to United States Mintater Graves
for tranamisaton to Mr, Edison,
EISQUSUEST AT AN
LECT UTES
It Was the Thirtieth Anniversary
of His Invention of the In-
candescent Lamp.
The thirtieth anniversary of the birth:
day of the incandescent Jamp was made |
the occasfon fur a banquet Iant night In :
Brlar Clitf Inn at which the guests of
honor wero Thomas jg oEdlison, the
lamp's Inventor, and Mrs. Edison, The
banquet closed, the convention of the
Ansoclation of Edison Illuminating Com-
panies. It was the first. Mr, Edison
had attended $n thirteen years,
Among the 275 guests were Presilent
Vanderlip of the National City Bank;
Anthony N. Brady, President Cortelyou
of tho Consolldated Gas Company; Dr.
Stainwarts of the General Blectria Com-
pany and Gen. George Harries of Wash-
ington. >
The banquet hall was decorated with
more than 6,000 miniature’ electric
bulbs, shining from a wilderness of
American Beauty roses, The Ingenuous
mannor.in which the lights were pinced
waa pralacd by the guests, particularly
Mr. Kdlsoh. ‘This work was.done by
8. @. Rhodes and W._ Weissonberger
of the Edison Etectric Lighting Com-
. pany of this clty. .Featoons of Jaureis
and hemlock drooped from the culling.
the tiny Jamps glistening through the
green leaves,
The.outgoing presldent' of the assocla-
ton, Mr. Freeman, sat nt the head ta-
dle. which was oval shaped, tho tlora!
centre decoration represonting a sunken
garden, Mr. Edison’ was seated at his
right and Mrs. Edison .at-his- left. Mr,
Edison's. struggles and. ‘achievement
“Were the subjects of all the speeche:
The Inventor replied briefly. aes
* The ‘new officers.of the assoclatto;
elected yesterday are Thomas EB, Mu
ray. of New ‘York, President; .C,
‘Hundley of Buffalo, Vice-President; >
T..Witeox of Lowell, Secretary,jand
A, Ferguson of Naw York ‘Trensure’
E,. A. Bally’ of “New=York:was ri
Appointed Assistant Secretaryiand hig!
ly: commended for his'eMcient. work,
Personal"
_—— >|
RING RESTORED.
TO MRS. EDISON
: He ee}
FINDER THOUGHT IT WAS GLASS
‘For six yenra Robert F. McCarthy, of
Mt. Vernon avenue, Orange, hos had in
‘his possession o ring. with a largo white
stone alightly over.'two carats In’ size,
which he thought to be valuotess, While
chestnitling In tho fall, of 1903 in’ Liew-
ellyn Park, West Orange, McCarthy' camo
upon tho ring near the driveway leading
to,Glenmont, tho residence of ‘thomas A,
Edison, Tho boy did not thinlesssemeaiy
ny value owing to the large size
wesechcreta
of the stone, which ho thought, must
bo yinss. -A short timo ago he learned
the value of the ring and searched for the
owner, who proved to be Mra, Edison her
Es ' y
elf, :
When McCarthy found the ring ha
“showed It to soveral friends, but they
onty Jovghed at it. He offered to soll it
for & small sum timo and again; he
loaned it to friends on several occasions,
but he was never able to dispose of It,
However, he'kent it, and o few weeks
ago a friend told McCarthy that it was a
perfect .stone, McCarthy took the ring
to an expert then, who told him that it
was worth $1,100, "
"McCarthy nt onco’ set out to discover
the owner ofthe precious stone, He cone
sulted with several young men who were
with. him at the tlme of the find og.to
the cxact location and théy remembered
.that-It was In front of the Edison drive.
way.. McCarthy then thought that he
would mate a house to houso canvass of
the park, and he called first at the Edison
home. |. sey
Mrs, Edison was as surprised as tho
youth had been when he discovered tho
yalue of>the ring, and sho was equally
surprised to find that no.ono discovered
its value before. Pap at
A few. dnya ago ‘ho received a letter
from Mrs. Edison, telling Iu!m to. call. at
the house, There he was handed a check
for an amount beyond. his expectations aw
o reward, § ies it
McCarthy, who. is a-gradunto. of .St.
John's :Schoo! in tho ‘class of '06,. had
been - out-of. employment. for : several
months and Mr, Edison will give him a
aso ‘d for hia
aituntior
Roneaty. Ty
- Mrs, Edison advertised -the ring, at ‘the
tle but. McCarthy, thinking thatiit was
only. nicheap. trinket, tool ‘steps. tr
inquire‘ as_to the owners! fictre gee
[PHOTOCOPY]
EDISON’ S
[From Scientific American Supplement, vol. 67 (April 3, 1909)
INVENTION S—I
THEIR COMMERCIAL VALUE TO THE WORLD.
BY FRANK L. DYER AND T. COMMERFORD MARTIN.
Ir the world were to take an account of stock, sa to
speak, and proceed in orderly fashion to marshal Its
tangihle assets in relation to dollars and cents, the
natural resources of our globe, from center to elrewn-
ference, would bead the Het, Next would come inven-
tors, whose value to the world as an asset could be
readily estlmated from an inerense of its wealth re-
sulting from the aetual transformations of (hese re
flourees foto Hens of convenience and comfort through
the exercise of their Inventive Ingenulty.
Inventors of practical devices may be brondly divided
Into two classes; first, those who may be sald to have
made two blades of grass grow where only ane grew
before, and, second, great tiventors, who have made
grass) grow plenti{uly oon hitherto unproductive
ground, The vast majority of practleal inventors be-
Jong to and remain in the first of these divisions, but
there lave been, and probally always willl be, a less
number who, by reason of their greater achievements,
are entitled to be included In both classes, Of these
latter, Thomas Alva Edison ig one, but in the pages
of history he stands conspicuously pre-eminent—a com-
manding, towerlng figure, even among giants,
The activities of Mr, Edison have been of such great
range, and his conquests in the domains of practical
arts so extensive and varied, that It Is samewhat dim-
cult to estimate with any satisfactory degree of accu-
racy the nioney value of his inventions to the world
of today, even after making due allowance for the
work of other great Inventors and the propulsive effect
of large amounts of capltal thrown Snto the great en-
terpriges which took root through the productions of
his genius and indefatlgable energies, This diMeuity
will be apparent, for {nstance, when we consider his
telegraph and telephone inventfons. These were ab:
sorbed in enterprises already existing, and were the
Methn of effecting thelr rapid and enormous growth
and expansion, particularly the telephone Industry,
Again, fn considering the fact that Mr. Edison was
the first In the fleld to desigh ant perfect a practical
operative electric railway, the maln features of which
are used in all electrle roads of today, we are cone
fronted with a problem as to what proportion of their
colossal investinent and earnings should be asertbed
to Mr, Edison, who not only blazed the way, but by
his foresight Jaid the foundation for this now ind{s-
pensable conventence, that has done more than any
other one thing toward the opening and settlement of
our country,
Our difficulties are multiplied when we pause for a
moment to think of Mr, Edison’s vast influence on
collateral branches of business, In the public mind
he [8 eredited with the Invention of the ineandescent
electric Jight, the phonograph, and other widely known
devices; but how few realize bis actual influence on
other trades that are not generally thonght of in con-
nection with these things. For Instance, let us see
what a prominent engine builder, Mr. Gardiner C,
Sims, says: “Watt. Corliss, and Porter brought for:
wari steam engines to a high state of proficiency, yet
it remained for Mr, Edison to force better proportions,
workmauship, designs, use of metals, regulation, the
solving of the complex problems of high speed and
enduraice, and the successful development.of the shaft
governor, Mr, Edison fs pre-eminent .in the realm of
engineering.” :
The phenomenal growth of. the copper business was
due to a rapid and ever-increasing demand, owing to
the exploltation of the ‘telephone, electric light, etéc-
trie motor, and electri railway Industries, Without
these there might never hava been the romance of
“Comers” and the rise and fall of countless fortunes,
And although we cannot estimate in definite figures
the extent of Mr, [Edison's Influence in the enormous
Increase of copper preduction, tt Is to be remembered
that his baste inventions constitute a most Important
factor in the demand for the metal. Desides, we must
aulso give him the credit: for having recognized the
necessity for a pure quality of copper for electric can.
ductors, and for his persistence in having competed
the manufacturers of that perlod to introduce new
and additional methods of refinement so as to bring .
* From the fortheoming Life of Edlson.* Copyright, 1904, by Harper
& Bros,
about that result, which Is now n sine qua non,
Still considering lls Influence on other staples and
colateral trades, Jet us enumerate briefly and in a
general manner sone of the more important and addl
tlonal ones that have been not merely stinnated, but
in many cases the business and snes lave been dh.
rectly and enormously increased and new arts estab:
lished through the Inventions of this one man, namely,
fron, steel, brass, alnc, nlekel, platinum ($6 per ounee
in 1878, now $26 an ounce), rubber, ofls, wax, bitumen,
chemleal compounds, belting, boilers, hijectors, struc
tural steel, lron toublug, glass, sifk, cotton, porcvelaln,
wood, slate, marble, eleetrieal measurhyg bistraments,
miscellancous” machinery, coal, wire, paper, bullidhag
Materials, sapphires and many others,
The question before us Is, to what extent haa Mr.
Edfson added to the wealth of North Amerlea by his
Inventions and his indomitable energy soul persever-
wnee? It wll be not from the foregoing that no
categorical answer enn be offered to such a question,
but sufficlent materlat can be gathered from a statis:
tleat review of the commerclal arts directly affected
to afford an approximate Idea of the vast Jnerense In
national wealth that has come Into befng through the
practical application of his Meas,
First of all, aa to inventions capable of fairly defl
nite estimate, let us mention the Incandescent electric
Nght and systems of distribution of electric Might,
heat, and power, which may justly be considered as
the crowning fnventions of Mr, Milson’s Ife, Until
October 2tst, 1879, there was nothing In existence re.
sembllng our modern fnceandescent lamp. On that
date, us we have seen in a previous ebapter, Mr, Ndi-
son's labors culimbuated tn hls Invention of a, prac
theal incandescent clectrle lamp embodying absolutely
all the essentials of (he hunp of today, thus opening
to the world the doors of ® new art and fndustry,
Today there are ta the Unlted States more than
41,000,000 of these lamps, connected to existing cen
tral station circuits in active operation. }
Such clreults necessarily tinply the existence of cen-. -..
tral stations with their equipment, Until the:
ning of 1882, there were only a few are Ighting sta.
tlons in existence for the limited distribution of enr-
rent. At the present time there are over 6,000 central
atations in this country for the distribution of electrle
current for light, heat, and power, with capital obliga+
tlons amountlig to not Jess than $1,000,000,000, Be.
sides the abovenamed 11,000,000 Incandescent: lamps
connected to their inalns, there are ahout 600,000 are
Tamps and 150,000 inetors, using 70,000 horse-power,
hesides countless fan motors and hentiig and cooking
appllanees,
When It is stated that the gross earnings of ‘these
central stations approximate the sum of $225, 000,000
yearly, the stupendous linport of these statisties of
mit art that came so largely from Mr. Edison's Inbora-
tory less than thirty years ago, will undoubtedly appeal
to the thoughtful reader in a forcible manner, ?
But the above are not by any means all the facts
relating to incundescent electric Ighting In the United
States, for in additlon to central stations there ‘are
upward of 100,000 fsolnted or private plants in mills,
factories, stenmships, hotels, theaters, ete, owned by 7!
the persons or concerns who operate them. ‘These
Plants, represent. an approximate investnient of Shu,
000,000, and the connection of not less than 25,000,000
ineandegcent Iamps,,or thelr equivalent,
Then {there are the factories where these- inentites:
cent Infiipia are made, nhout forty in number, repre.
senting a total Investment that may be approximated
at $25,000,000. 1 Is true that miuny of these fnetorins |
are operated by other than the Interests which camer
into control of the Elson patents (General Electric
Company), but the 140,000,000 incandescent electric
Iamps now annually made are broadly covered in
prinelple by Mr. Edison's fundamental ideas and
patents,
Tt, will be noted that these figures are all in round
numbers, but they ure believed to be well within, the
mark, belng primarily founded upon the special re-
ports of the Census: Burean tssued In 1902 and {on7,
with the natural increase fram that tle computed!
by experts: who are a position to obtain the fpete.
aA
t
It would be mantfestly impossible to give exact figures
of such a gigantic and swiftly-moving industry, as the
totala incrense from week to week,
The reader will naturally be disposed to ask whether
{t fa intended to elaim that Mr, dison has brought
about all this magnificent and wonderful grawth of the
electric lightlng art, The auswer to this is dechledly
in the negative, for the fact Is that he Infd some of
the foundation and erected a building thereon, and in
the nntural progressive order of things other luventors
of more or less fame have added a wing bere and a
astlory there untlt the resultant great structure hae al-
tained such mngnificent proportions as to evoke the
wonder and amazement of the beholder; but the old
foundation and the fundamental bullaing still remain
to support other parts, In other words, Mr. Edison ere:
nted the Incandescent electric lamp, and invented cer.
tain broad and fundamental systems of distribution of
errrent, with all the essentint devlees of detall neces>
sary for successful operation, These formed the foun
dation. He also spent great sums of money and de
voted several yerrs of patient labor and assiduous toll
in the early practleal exploitation of the dynamo and
central station and isolated plants, often under adverse
and depressing circumstances, with a dogged determl
nation that ouulved an opposition whlel’ steadily
threntencd defent. ‘These efforts resulted in the fra
commercial establishment of lis system, whieh repre
sents the structure built by lim on the foundation so
well laid, It is true that,many Important lnventlony of
others have a most distinguished place in the urt as ft
fs exploited today, but the fact remains that the broad
essentials, such as the incandescent kimp, systems of
distribution, and seme fmportant details, are not only
universally used, but are as necessary today for sure
:
cessfal commercial practive as they were when Mr.
Edison invented them many years ago,
Tho electric ratlway next clalns our consideration,
but we are immediately confronted by a diftieulty
which seems insurmouitable when we attempt te
formulate any detinite estimate of the value aud tn
fluence which Mr, Edison's pioneer work and inven
tions bear to the vast proportions of this iudustry in
these Inter days, There ig one incontrovertible fact,
namely, that he wns the first man to devise, construct,
and operate from a central station a practicable, Jife
size electric railroad, which was eapable of transport:
ing and dld transport passengers and frelght ut varia
ble speeds over varying grades, and under complete
contro) of the operator, These are the essential ele
ments Jn all electric rallroading of the present day;
and while Mr. Edison's original broad {dens are em }
‘ bodied in present practice. the perfection of the mod
ern electric railway {fs also greatly due to the Inbors
|
and inventions of a Jarge number of other wellknow .
inventors. There was no reason why Mr, Bdison could
not have continued the commercial development’ of
the electric railway after he had helped to show fu
-practleability In 1880, 1881, and 1882, just ns he hat
completed his lighting system, had ft not heew tha
. the financial ‘men of the ‘period Incked falth in the
-posalpilities of electric raflronds, and! therefore jde
4 clined to furnish the money necessary a the pose
of ‘carrying on the work, ped
With these facts In mind, we shall. cage: the reader
_to agsign.to Mr, Edison a due” proportion of credit for
his ploncer and basle work in relation to the pro:
Migtous development of cleetrie rallronding that has
since taken place, The statistics of 1908 for American®
street and elevated rallways show that within kaif
i five yenrs the electric rallway Industry has grown ’
miles of track on streets and for de: :
embrace 38,312
jee vated: railways, operated under the owneralilp of 1,238
i separate companies, whose tatal enpitatization Amount.
ed tothe enormous sum of $1,123,894.598 in 4908, In
the equipments owned hy: suelt companics there are
Included 68,686 cleetrie cars and 17.568 tratlers and
others, making a total of 86.204 of such vehleles, ‘Tiese
cars and equipments earned over $425,000,000 tn 1107,
in glving the public transportation, at a cost, ine uding
transfers, of a Ilttle over 3 cents perv passenger, for
“whom, a tf-mile. ride would be posstlle, No cheaper
transportation is given in the world,
Some mention should also he made of the great
Pees (ame sed
ae
Ei
Apipt. &, 1909,
electrical works of the country, fn which the dynos,
motors, dnd other varied paraphernalia ave made for
electrle Hghting, electric railway and other purposes.
The greatest of these works Is undoubtedly that of
the General Electric Company at Scheneetady, New
York, n continuation and enormous enlargement of the
shops which Mr. Edison established there in 1886,
This plant at the present time entbraces over 275 neres,
of which’ 60 aeres are vovered by 60 large and over
100 small bulldings: besides whieh the company also
owna cther large plants elsewhere, representing a total
Investment approxhuating the sum of $34,850,000 up
to 1908, The productions of the General Electric
Company alone, ns shown by average annual gales of
over $60,000,000, nre of themselves na cologant item,
but they do not comprisa the total ef the country’s
Manufactures In these Ines, which amount to five
limes as much again,
Turning our attention now to the telephone, wa
again meet a condition that calls for thoughtful con-
sideration before we can properly appreciate how much
the wonderful growth of this Industry owes to Mr.
Edison's Inventive geniug, bs another place there has
already Been told the story of the telephone, from
which we have seen that to Alexander Graham Hell Is
due the broad idea of transmission of speech hy means
of an electrical cheult; also that he invented appro:
prelate Instruments and deviees through which he suce
cessfully accomplished this result, although nat. to
that extent which gave promise of any great commer.
cial practicability for the telephone as It then exited.
While the art was in this Inemetent condition, Mr,
Adlson went to work on the subject and in due time,
oa we have already learned, invented and brought ont
the carbon transmitter, whieh Is universally acknowl
edged to have been the needed deviee that give to the
telephone the clement of. practicability that made ita
commercial possibility, and has since ted to its phe-
homenally rapid adoption and world-wide use, It mate
tera not that others were working In the snme direc. -
tlon, Mr. Edison was legally adjudicated to have been
the first to suceced in point of thne, and bls Inven-
tlons were put Into actual use, and miay be found tn
every one of the 7,000,000 telephones whleh are estl
mated to be employed in the country at the present day,
Basing our statements upon facts, shown by the Cen-
sus reports of 1902 and 1907, and adding thereto the
growth of the Industry since that the, we find on a
conservative estininte that at this writing the Invest:
ment has been wot less than $800,000,000 In now exist.
ing telephone systems, and no fewer than 10,500,000,000
talked over the Ines during the year 1908, ‘these fig:
ures relate only to telephone systems, and do not ine
elude any details regarding the great manufacturing
establishments engaged Iu the constructlon of tele-
phone apparatus, of which there is an annual produc.
tion amounting to nt least $15,000,000 per annum,
Surely, iu the face of these figures, superlatives would
be diminutlves in attempting to show further, [f it
were necessary, the finportauce of this partleutar Ine
vention.
Leaving the telephone, let 1s now turn our attention
te the telegraph, and endeavor to show as best we can
some [den of the measure to which It has been affedted
by Mr. Edison’s inventions, Atthough, as we ive
seen in a previous part of this book, his eurliest f
arose from his great practicn) work in telegraphie, the
ventions and Improvements, there {s no way in wlich
any deflnite computation can be made of the yalud of
his contributions in the art exeept, perhaps, in the
case of his quadruplex, (hrough whieh alone it Is
estimated that there has been saved from $15,000,000
to $20,000,000 in the cost of Ine construction In this
country, If this were the only thing that he had ever
accomplished, it would entitle him to consideration
as an inventor of note. The quadruplex, however, has
. other material advantages, but how far they and the
natural growth of the business have contributed to the
: Now gigantic investment and earnings of the telegraph
companies, is beyond practleable computation,
It would, perhaps, .be Interesting to speculate upon
what might have been the growth of the telegraph
and the resultant benefit to the community had (Mr. ;
Edison's automatic telegraph inventions been allowed
to tnke their legitimate place in the art, but we shall
ot allow ourselves to indulge in fights of fancy, as
the value of this chapter rests not upon conjecture,
but only upon a basis of actual fact. Nor shalt we
attempt to offer any statistics regarding Mr. Edlson’s
uumerous {nyentions relating to telegraphs and kin-
dred devices, such as stock tickers, relays, mi:
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT’ No,
‘Turning now to other important arts and industries
whitel! hive been crented by Mr, dison's Inventions,
and 1h which he is at this tine takbig an active per
sonal juterest, let us. make n visit to Orange, N. J.
When his present laboratory was nearing completion
in 1887, he wrote to Mr. J. Hood Wright, a partner
in the firm of Drexel, Morgan & Co: “My ambition is
to bulld vp a great Industrial works In the Orange
Valley, starthig Ina small way and gradually work:
ing up.”
Tn (hls immense plant which represents an in-
vestnent approxiinating the sium of $4,000,000 nre
grouped a number of industrial enterprises, of whieh
Mr. Wdlgon is elther the sole or controlling owner and
the guiding spirtt. These enterprises are the Natlonal
Phonograph Company, the Edison Business Phono-
graph Company, the Edison Phonograph Works, the
Edison Manufacturing Company, the Edison Storage
Battery Company, and the Bates Manufacturing Com-
pany. The importance of these industries will be ap
Parent when it [s stated that in this plant there are
. Upward of 3,600 people employed, and an annual pay-
roll of about $2,250,000,
In considerlng the phonograph in its commerefal
, ABpect, and endeavorlng to arrive at some iden of the
world’s estimate of the value of thls invention, wo
feel the ground more firm under our feet, for Mr, Idi.
son has In later years controled tts manufacture and
sale, It will be retembered that the phonograph lay
dormant, commerelally speakiug, for about ten years
after it came Into belng, and then later Invention re-
duced. ft to a devilee capable of more popwiar utility,
A ‘few yenrs of rather unsatisfactory conmercial ex:
perfence brought about a reorganization, through whieh
Mr, Edison resumed possession of the bustiess, It has
since been continued under his general divectlon and
ownership, and he has made a great many additional
Inventions tending to Luprove the machine In all its
* parts,
magnets, °
theotomes, repeaters, printing telegraplis, messenger |
calls, ete, on which he was so busily occupted ag an
Inventor and manufacturer during the ten years that
commenced with January, 1869. The principtes of
many of these devices are stil] used in the arte, but
have become go incorporated with other devices as to
be Inseparable, and cannot now be dealt with as sep’
arate businesses, To show what they mean, however,
it might be noted that New York elty alone has 3,000
“tickers,” foneuminie 50,000 miles of record tape every
year,
4 : : Bi
so _———— = 1 a ep em mmm a a it ame ee ronnie)
The uses made of the phonograph up to this tine
have been of four Icinds, generally speaklug: first,
and principally, for anvuisement; second, for Instrnetion
in languages; Uhird, for business, In the dletation of
correspondence; and fourth, for sentimental reasons
in preserving the voices’ of friends, No separate fig:
ures are available to show the extent of its employment
in the second and fourth classes, as they are probably
included In machines coming under the first subitivt-
sion, Under this hesd we fluid Uimt there have been
upward of 1,310,000 phonographs sold during the last
twenty yenrs, with and “for which there have been
made and sold no less than 97,845,000 records of a
musical or other charneter, Phonographic records are
now belng manufactured at Orange at the rate of
76,000 a day, the annual sate of phonographs and rec-
ords ibelug approximately $7,000,000, Including bust
ness pbonographs, This does not include blank ree:
ords, of which large mumbers have also been supptled
to the publle.
The adoption of the business phonograph has not
been characterized by the unanimity that obtained in
the case of the ane used merely for amusement, as Its
use involves some -changes (n methods that business
men are slow to adopt until they realize the resulting
convenlence and economy, Although it Is only a fow,
years{since the business phonograph has begun to
makejsome headway, It {s not difficult to appreciate
that Mr. Edison's prediction in 1878 ng to the value
of such an appliance is heing realized, when we find
that up to this time the sales run up to 6,023 in num-
ber, ‘At the present time the annual sales of the
business phonographs and supplies, cylinders, ete., Is
not, less than $120,000,
We ‘must not forget that the basic patent of Mr.
Edison on the phonograph has long since expired,
thus throwing open to the world the wonderful art
of reproducing human speceh and other sounds, ‘The
, World: was not slow to take advantage of the faet,
{ hence}there are $n the fleld numerous other concerns
in thé same business, It is conservatively estimated
j by those who know the trade and are in position to
form an opinion, that the fgures nbove glyen repre-
sent only about one-half of the entire business of the
country tn phonographs, records, cylinders, and sup
__ Biles, The gigantic proportions to which the phono-
graph buainess has attalned jn a comparatively few
years form of themselves a more eloquent. attestation
of the valine of the art created by Mr, Edison than
voltimes of words could express,
Taking next his Inventions that pertain to a more
recently established but rapidly expanding braneh of
business that provides far the amusement of the pub.
Ne, popularly known as “moving pletures," we also
find a universal recognition of the value af the genlus
whieh has been productive of so much of commerelal
srowth, Referring the reader to a previous chapter
for a discussion of Mr, Fdlson’s standing as a ploneer
inventor in this art, let us glance at the commercial
proportions of this young but lusty business, whoso
ramifications extend to all but the most remote and
primitive hamlets of our country,
(Te be conelnded)
[PHOTOCOPY]
1735, 911
INFLUENCE OF OVER-VOLTAGE ON
THE LIFE OF METALLIC-FILA-
MENT LAMPS.
Tur laninoslty of Incandescent electric Inmps. tne
creases allghtly when thoy are first used, and there
afler dhuinishes continually, Jt is customary to cous
sider that a lamp is practically spent when Its candle.
power has fallen to So per cent of the original yalue.
The delermination of the length of Ure of a kunp 18
obviously at economie factor of livportanee,
Now the Ufe of a damp depends greatly on varl-
atlona In the voltage at the leads, and especlally on
any over-vallage that may aceur. It has tong been
known that a lump is the more sensitive to variatlons
In voltage, the smaller {ts specific power consumption
(ov in other words, the greater its luminons efll-
cleney). For this renson the question of over-voltage
ngsumes parlicuiar Importance in the ense of metal
Ve-Mament lamps, whose specitie bower consnmyption
fs much smatler than that of earbon-fitament lamps.
H, Remané has suvestigated the Influence of a cone
stant over-yoltage on the life of osriam lamps. The
resulls obtained by him are shown in the two sub-
joined tables,
Square of Energy
‘Tonston, ‘Towson, Commuied, Luminosity,
1.00 1.00 1.00 1,00
10 1,10 1.08 1.21
1.10 1,21 117 143
WU 1.32 1 + 1,07
1,20 pro Lae 1m
1.25 1.56 Ts 2.21
In these experiments to asram Tampa were used,
fome at the normal tension (put equal to 1.00 in the
nhove table), athers at 6, 10, 15, 20, and 25 per cent
over-voltnge,
Vor an Glanent of constant ole resistance the
electrical energy consumed woutd be proportional to
the square of the teusion; In point of fact. slnee
Metallic Miuments Increase In resistance as the tem:
peratire rises, the energy consumption Inerenses 2
Vite tess rapidly (see the third colimn of the above
table). As for the luminosity, It Inereases vory: rape
f{dly with the tension, sluice it Is more than doubled
hy an over-voltage of 25 per cent; a 2h-candle-power
Vamp constructed for 110 volls gives no less than
50 cundle-power at 134 volts,
Unfortunately, while an excellent Ught is thus ob;
tained at only a small increnge in eurrent expend
tire, the lunp Js very rapldly burnt out. This is:
shown in the second table. i
j Cuamtity of Light.
Unefl Life, fe
Hours, Ue Ashiteary | le Candbete
Tits, Hours,
‘Poneto,
Ta INK)
1. 20
hw Brig 0.
au Ll
xy t,
” Alt
ee Ses
A 100-volt lamp fed with 120 volts will have to be
serapped afier only 126 hours, that is to say after It
has given anly 1% per cent of the amount of light
Quminosity < thne) whieh it Is capable of giving
under normal conditions. ‘The last column of the
second table shows the number of candte-power hours
whieh 32-candle-power osram lamps give wider the
gener voltages.-Cosmos,
EXTRACTION OF POTASH AND SODA.
FROM MINERALS.
Porasic and soda ean be extracted fram porphyry, :
liparite, diorlte, syentte, ete, by mixing the finely:
ground mincrais with quicklime and boiling the mix. ©
ture with water in an open vessel [f the rock ts
alrendy in pracess of decomposition, or under pressure
if the minerals are more stable, ‘The Infusion is de.
canted, filtered under pressure and evaporated to dry. <
hess or to the strength of a commercial lye, A speci.
men of phonolite bolted with lime 12 hours. under :
n pressure of 8 atmospheres yielded all of ita alla- i
lies, consisting of 9.2 per cent of potash and 8 per
cent of soda, while boiling 86 hours in an open ven!
fel extracted not qnite two-thirds of the alkalies,
Oaseine Coment.—According to the patented pro-f
cess, the cnseine to be used is made weakly alkaline
hy means of soda lye or potash lye and then exposed,
for 24 hours, to a temperature of 140 deg. F. The:
usual additions are then made, such as lime and water.)
glass, and finally, to cause quicker resinification, Bul ¢
sianees contalning tannin are added, As such, for
the partinily converted enseine, small aititon—abont |
1 per cent—of gallic acid, catechu, or onk tannic actd §
are employed.
weakly alkaline and with its small percentage of tan- ¢
“nie acid, is used, In the familiar manner, for gluing 4
rool together.
The caseine cement thus produced, ¢4-:
af
230
EDISON’
[PHOTOCOPY]
S
siren enh SANE Sat ee ee te vee
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT: Ne 1736,
IN VEN.
Apum lu, 1909.
TION S—II-
THEIR COMMERCIAL VALUE TO THE WORLD.
BY FRANK L. DYER AND T. ‘COMMERFORD MARTIN. .
Tue manufacture of the projecting inichines and
accessories, together with the reproduction of fli,
ig carried on at the’ Orange Valley plant, and from
the Inception of the movlng-pleture business to the
present time there have been made upward of 13/100
projecting machines and many million feet of Min ens,
rylng sniall photographs of moving objects, Although
the moving-pictne business, as a conmerelal enter:
prise, is stil tn its youth, It fs of suiliclent moment
to call for the aunuat production of thousands of ma-
chines and many milllon fect of films In Mr, Edison's
a4 Uward af 60,000,000. Fe
Concluded from Supplement No, 1735, page 211,
than a billion and nu hall separate photographs, ‘Ia:
what extent the moving-pleture business nny grow
in the not remote future It ts Imposslble to conjecture,
for it has taken a place tn the front rank of raptdly
Inerenging enterprises,
The manufacture and sale of the Edlsou-Lalande
primary battery, conducted by the Edison Manufac-
turing Company at the Orange Valley plant, is a
business of uo mean importanes. Beginning about
twenty years ago with a battery that would furnish
large currents without polarizing, speciatly adapted
‘shops, having ‘a sate value of not tess than $760,000.
‘Fo produce the originnls from which these Edison
films are made, there luve: been established two
“studios,” Uhe kergest of whieh is in the Braix, New
York city, and consists of n large theater practically
all of glass, adjofning whiek is a commodtons four-
alury concrete building containing. aMfeces, dresslig
rouns, and photographic and developing laboratories.
A large corps, colnprising actors, actresses, dancers,
aevobats, scene paluters, scene shifters, property men,
Dholographers, stage managers, and others, is kept
constantly and busity employed at these two stiudtos
every diy tn praducing the negatives of new matton
bietires thal are subsequently reproduced, as post-
Hives, In large mumbers and shipped to all parts of
the vountry,
{ In this, 28 well as int the phonograph huginess, there
j we many other manufacturers tn the fleld.. Indeed,
2 the aunual product of the Hdison Manufacturing Com-
i puny in this line fs only a fractional part of the total
jf (int ts absorbed by the 10,000 or more moving-pleture
i Uhenters and exhibitlons that are in operation in the
: United States at the present tle, and whieh repre-
psent an investment of some $10,000,000, Lteensees
(under Edison patents In thin country alone produce
ret af tints, containing more
“= From the forthcoming * Life of Edlvan,” Copyrights 18, by arper
& Mrog
for gas-engine ignition and other important purposes,”
the business has steadily grown in magnitude until
the present output amounis to nhout 125,000 cells an-
nunlly; the total number of cells put into the hands
of the publle up to date betng approximately 1,500,000,
(t will be readily conceded that to mast men this atono
would be an enterprise of a Hfe-tlme, and suficlent in
Htself to satisfy a moderate ambition. But, although
it has ylelded a constderable profit to Mr. Edison and
Blyes employment to many people, it is only one of
the many smaller enterprises that owes its existence
to bis Inventive ability and commercial aecttyity,
So it also is in regard to the mimeograph, whose
forerunner, the eleetrie pen, was born of Mr. Edison's
brat in t877, Ho liad been tong impressed by the
desivabllity of the rapid praduction of coptes of writ-
ten documents, and, as we have seen by a previous :
chapter, he invented the electric pen tor thls purpose,
ony to Improve upon it Inter with a more desirabla
device which he called the mimeograph, that ts in luge,
fn various forms, at thls time. Although the electric
pen had a large sale and use in its time, the stntlstles
relating to It are not avallable, nor possibly, might it
he desirable to give them If they were, for the present
object. of the writers is to show the commercial value
whleh the. world of today places upon Mr, Edison's
Inventions. ‘The mimeograph, however, is, and has
-been for many years, a standard office appiance, and
{s entitled to consideration, as the total number put
into use up to this time ls approximately 180,000, val-
ued at $3,600,000, white the nunnal output Is In the
nelghborhood of 9,000 machines, sold for about 3150,
000, besides the vast quantity of speelal paper and
supplies which its use entails ln the production of the
many millions of facsimile letters and documents
called into belug annually through its operation, The
extent of production and sale of supplies for the mhne
ograph may be appreciated, when It Is stated that
they bring annually an equivalent of three times the
amount realized from sales of machines, ‘Mie manu
facturo and sale of the mimeograph does not come
within the enterprises conducted under Mr. idlson's
personal direction, as he sold out the whole thing
some yeurs ngo to Mr, A, B. Dick of Chlengo,
In making a somewhat radical change of subject,
from duplicathiygy machines to cement, we find ourselves
fnon field In which Mr, Edison has made a most de
elded Impression, ‘The reader has already learned that
iis entry into this fleld was, i a niaiuner, accldental,
although logically in Hne with prongunced convictlons
of inapy years’ standing, and following up the fund
of knowledge gained In the ningnetic oremilling bust
ness, From q newcomer into the cement business, hls
corporation in five years has grown to be the fourth
lurgest producer in the United States, with a still
increasing capacity, From the tnception of this
business there Ins been a steady and rapld develop
Ment resultlng ta the production of a grand total of
over 6,000,000 hurrels of cement up to the present
date, havlig a value of about $4,500,000, excluslye of
package, At the thne of this writhig, the rate of pro
duction is over 8000) barrels of cement per day, or
say 2,000,000 barrels per year, having an approximate |
selling value of uv little less than $2,000,000, with prog !
pects of Increasing tn the near future to a dilly output
of 10,000 barrels, This enterprise fs carried on by a
corporation called the Edison Portland Cement Com
pany, in whieh he is very largely tnterested, and of
which he Js the actlye head and gulding spirit, <
Had not Mr. Edison suspended the manitfactire and
sale of lls storage buttery a few years ngo because he
Was not satistied with It, there might have been given
here sue surprising Agures of an extensive business,
; for the company's books show an astonishing number
of orders that have been received during that time:
He jing been hnplored for vatteries, but in spite of the!
- fact that good results have been obtained from the!
18,000. or 20,000 cells sold some years ago, nnd still
in use, he has adhered firmly to his determination to
: Perfect then to a sti) higher standard before resuming
and continuing thely manufacture ag a regan cone
modity, ‘The thne is almost at hand when this con
summation will be reached, and then nother Medison
industry will resume where it once Teft off, and wlth:
out donbt will grow into great prominence, ;
Thus far in our statisties we have concerned oure
selves chielly with those tures whieh exhibit: the §
extent of fuvestment and production, but there ts
Another nut humanly important side {hat presents }
itself for consideration, Namely, the employment: of ay
vast Industrial army of men and women, who ean a?
living through thelr connection with seme of the arts
and Industries to which ow narrative has direct ref |
; crence, ‘To this tho reader's attention will now be
drawn,
The following figures are based upon the Speelal
i Reports of the Census Buren, 1992 and 107, with
| additions commuted upon the fucrease that his subse
; quently taken place, [t will be quite sufficient for
j the purposo to give averages only, and those in round
: numbers, as In no business of any magnitude docs the
inumber of employees remain constant. It ts the in
tentlon of the writers, however, to remain well within
the mark In offering these stutistios, as the flenres will
_ thus: be sudiclently extensive without dhe slightost ex.
‘aggeratlon, In the totels following Is inetucted the
compensation paid to salaried officials and clerks, De |
. tails relnthig to telegraph systema are purposely
omitted, for rensons above given,
Taking the electric Heht into consideration first, we
find that iu the central stations of the United States:
there are not less than an average of 45,000 a of
employed, requiring an aggregate Yearly payroll. of,
over $36,000,000, This does not Inelude the 180,000 orf
more isolated electric light plants seattered throughout}. mas
the land, Many of these are quite large, nit at lens}
one-third of them require one addtional hetper, thug
Apri, 19, 1009, _ . SCIE
Paaee
adding, say, (00 employees to the amuober already
mentioned, Lf we assume as low a Wave as $10 por
«Week for cnch of these helpers, we must add to the
foregoing: an atditionat sum of over $17,000,000 paid
annually for wages, almast entirely ta the fsotuted ine
dandescenl elvctriy Vighting tela,
Central stations and isolated mantis consume over
. 150,000,000 Ineandescent etectrle Tamps aiuuially, and
jin the production of these there are engaged about 10
factories, on whose piyrolig appear an average of
. 000 employees, earning an agEregete yearly sum
2 of $8,000,000,
Following the Incandescent lamps we must net for-
set an industry exclusively arising front it aut abso-
Intely dependent upon it, nunely, that of muking fixe
Hy tures for such Junips, the manufacture of whlch gives
q employment to upward of 6,000 persons, who annuilly
Tecelve at least $3,760,000 in compensation,
ing system also contribute a Jarge quota to the coun-
Ro try's wealth in the anlltons of dollars pald out in
4” alaries and wages to Muiny thousands of persons who
are engaged In thelr niunufacture,
, The electrie rallways of our country show even more
astoundlug Agures than the lightlig statlons nnd
plants, as the .
Po persons, whose
jy bess than
en the munutactute of about Ba
éynamos aud oters bubnally, for ot
Po equipment, isolted plants, Ways, aed other’
i barposes, the manufacturers of the country wuploy an
fet RVCTIUBE of not less thin 80,000 people, whose yeurly
2 pay roll amounts to no tess i sum. than 20,000,000,
The growth of the telephone systems of the United
States also furnishes us with statistles ef an wuzing
+ Bature, for we find that the average number of em:
Dloyees engaged fi this tndustry is at least 140,000,
, Whose annual earnings aggregate amid of $7h.
t 400,000; beskles which the manufacturers of telephone
Me apparatus employ over 12,000 persons, to whem is patd-
By annually abort $5,500,000,
i
is
ri
ta
fndustries, such, for Instance, as copper, which is very
sdosely allied with the electrical qurts, dan the great
bulk of whieh Is refined electrically, the intention
“belong not purely statistical, but merely to tidleate in
a general way the growth and present iniportatiee to
ey the world that these erstwiile hutant inventions have
x assumed In less than the perlod of one RKeneration,
y The MLO or so moving-pleture theaters of the
y* country entploy no fewer than 74,000 people, whose
a: aggregate anni iieame wnounts to nut less Uhan the
BG! Gumense sunt of SAT ZOn000,
ite Coming now to the Orange Valley plant, we take a
2 erop from these magnificent figures to the contra
& Urely madest ones whieh Kive Us an nverage of 8,600
: employeos anil calling for an amid pay roll of about
oy $2250 Tt nist be remembered, hawever, that the
meat suing mentioned above represent: ldastries oper
Bar ated by great aggregations of eapltal, while the Oneuge
Fe: Valley plant, as well as the Kdlson Portlind Cement
' 0 em.
Company, with wan average day number of
oyees mud over $400,000 annual pay roll, represent
Dp Ie a large measure an industry that is more in the
iffsature of a closely hetd enterprise and practleally
PABendcr the divection af ane mind
¢. The tnble herewith given summarizes Uwe figures
that have just been presented, and gives an iden
of the sixtntle totals affected by the ‘genius of,
this ono man. ft is well known that many other
“men and many other inventions have been nceted
for the perfection of these arts; but it is equally true
+ (hat, as already noted, some of these industries are
* directly the creation of Edison, while In every one of
“the rest his impress las been deep and signifivant,
"¢ Before he began inventing, only two of them were
known at etl as arts—telegraphy and the manufacture
of cement. Moreover, these figures deal only with the
United States, and take no account of the vast develop-
ment of many of the Edlson inventions in Europe or
of thely ndoption throughout the world at large, Let
Ye SPATISTICAL BEAU (APERONDIATED UF KOMTE OF TI NDC ETHIE Of
- THE UNITED #7 MIRNCTLY FOUNDED UPON Of ATFECTED
BV INVENTIONS OF THOMAS A. EDISON,
Ammual
Claus of Industry, | lavextment, eoeaes
Rules,
Amat
Pay Itolis,
Ung navel poe
Venlated Lie:
Mahtineg
Incandescent. iimps 1.000,000
Electric fixtures 8.000000,
Denamos and TA00g,000
Electric rallwa
Telephone xy
Felephiente rf
naseriip
vie petted 1,000,000 7 1h. dou,0ee hau
Moving pletare thea.
MTs ae
Edivon Po
Aoorion | sogegour] Gaee
avn ions
GIO
The detall devives of the fueandescant elcetrle Mght: .
i
Nitric AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT Nc
{ utiles that dn Anerien alone, the work of Hudlson
vt been one of the most potent factors in bringing
‘Eau existence new Industrles new capitatized at over
“'¥ond,000,000, earning annually over $1,000,000,000, and
ving cmploynient to an arny of mere than. hale a
r iitlon of people, ;
| \ single dlunend, prismnatically flashing from ita
Juy facets The beanties of reflected Mglil, comes well
iWin the limits of comprehension of the huniman mind
da appenls to appreciation by the finer sensibilities;
Ea on viewing an exhibltlon of thousands of these
“tlful gems, the eye and brain are simply bewil-
nad with the’ rleliness of a display which tends. to
nul the intellect until the funetion of analysts comes}
HO PAY aut leads to more adequate appretiension,
So, In mesonting the mass of statistics contained
in this chapter, we fear that the result may have been
the, bewilerment of the reader to somy ¢ Nevers
theless. in writing a ography of Mr. Exison. the
‘man object fs te present the favts as they are, and
leave fC to the tntelligent reader co elas yooupply, aid
andyce them fe sue manner as appeals most forcibly,
. to bls Intellectual provesses, {fin the. foregoing pages
there has appeared to be a tendency to attribute to Mr,
Edison the entire credit for the marvelous state of
Browth to whieh many of the above-named great entey-
prises have in these Jatter days attained, we must espe
clally disclaim any intention of giving rise to such a
deduction, No one who’ has carefully followed the
course of this narrative from its heghining can deny,
COLMANT LWO-CYCLE MOTOR.
‘however, (hat Mr. Kdlson ts the father of some of the
arts and Industrles that bave been mentioned, and that
og to some of the others It was the magle of his touch
that hetped make them practleault. Not only to his
work and lngenulty Is due the present magnitude of
these arts and dudustrics, but also to the splendid work
and numerous contributions of other great inventors,
such as Brush, Bell, Eilhu Thomson, Weston, Sprague,
and many others, as well as the financlers and Inves-
tors, who In the past thirty years have furnished the
vast sunis of money that were necessary to exploit and
push forward these enterprises, that have added so:
enormously to the wealth and progress of the country
and to the comfort and convenience of Its citizens,
"Tho reader may have noticed in a perusal of this,
chapter the lack of autoblographical quotatlons, such
as have appeared in other parts of this narrative, Mr.’
Edison's sense of modesty has allowed us but one re:
mark on the subject. ‘This was made by him to one
of the writers a short (ime ago, when after an inter-
esting indulgence in reminiscences of ott thnes and’
“early inventions, he leaned back In his chair and with!
a amile on his face sald. “Say, I have been mixed. up!
in a whole lot of things, haven't 12” c
The services whleh can be, and to some extent have
been, rendered in war by dogs, in bearching for the
wounded en hbatilefetds, and conveying them to the
ambulances, lave been frequently deserthed, In
. France a soclety, entled the Société Nationale du Chien
Sanitaire, has heen formed for the purpose of intre-
duefng this valuable ausittary Inte tho sanitary service
cof the contr:
[PHOTOCOPY]
thn dance SiS ec ny er
1736. 7 981
A NEW TWO-CYCLE MOTOR,
By our Panis Conunsrosunst, :
Te new Colmuit twoeyele motor was tested roe
cemlly at the laboratory of the Automobite Club of
France, This motor ts charactertzed by the direct
method of cooling the inner watls of the cylinder aud
the piston lead by means of a clremation of ate whlety
{8 produced by a pomp independent of the pump ased
for the charge of fresh gas, and this ti addition to
the, method of cooling by water jacket In the usual
way,vor by analy dratt, ‘The first motor of the kint
which was tested is deseribed Lelow. ‘he {Inlet to the
eylnder Is carried out by a large-diameter camn-oper-
ated yalve placed at the top of the cylinder beslite the
alr-cooling valve, and the exhaust takes place by the
two openings of very large size which are systematle
ally placed at the end of the stroke, he motor hag
but a gmail plant efficleney, whieh is below that of a
four-cyclo motor of the same bore and stroke, 100 x 120
milimeters (38.04x4.7 inches), and fig spéed Is lime
fled to 850 revolutions per amlnute. Ht works in a
regular way and can he cnslly varied by the ignitlon
slitting, but is less easy to control by the gas-liuet
opentngs. ‘The gas inlet from a curbureter of the -
usual kind Is made at A by a cam-operated vatye,
When the main motor piston P rises, it gives a gue
tion fer the next charge of gas in the annular apace
NV. ‘This latter space is between the aiepump cylin
der # having the lower piston 2" and the motor ey).
der, In order to Jower the resisduiees of this suction,
the valve-chamber A communtentes with the spaces V
and V by two openings 1 and 2, amd the piston earries
a set of 10 millimeter (0.39 ineh) holes in the par
of the periphery which corresponds ta the twa opt
ings, When the piston descends it drives this. chr
by the sume two openings Into the valve-ehamb
Whose dbuensions are sneh that the ten
kis does not exceed 0.600 gramme bv
ated valve opens at the Jower dead polut of 7...
and $s closed 17 deg. after the upper dend point. tn
descending, the piston first uncovers the exhaust anid
then the condult 1 of the Intet to the cylinder, and
the admission takes places ag iu all two-cycle motors
of this kind, But here this charge, tnstead of being
obliged to drive the burned and hot gases in front
of lt, meets at this moment only cold wy In the eyiln
der (theoretically) and it expels this ale through the
exist xo us to take its place, What characterizes
the presdut motor fs Uit the lower piston P forms
the piston of an adrepumge aid the ale is driven into
the erank-bux by each comblacd descent: of the we
plutons, these being rigidly connected together, This‘
pure aly coming from the outside has been drawn in
hy the piston 2) at its upper tae The Intter piston
carries a valve which is made very simply of a thin
disk of stecl which ls closed at the descent and opened
ut the rise of the piston, and this without the use of
aospring. ‘The aly follows the paths whieh are tdi
cated by the arrows, nid it is ensy to see that the
tension fs a maxinnan tn the crankcase when the
tnotor piston 2 arrives at shout the lower dead point.
However, the exhaust commences at this thaw with i
strong effect, und it Is ut this perlod that the auto.
Inntle valve S oat the top of the eyliider witl work
under the sole Iufluence of the suetion caused in the
eyNnder by the quick ontrnsh of burned gas, But the
valve & is connected to the crankease by a tube 7
The pressure in CG and the suetion du Ware added,
tind a strong air current arrives from ¢ to MZ, coothig
the sides of the cytlnder and the piston-hend., By its
“force and niso by mixtig it quenches the stil) burning
(or at least very hot) gas and drives it out in order
to take Its place. ‘This mixture ts encountered by the
new eharge and the latter expels [lb altogether bf the
earbureter alr supply gives a whole cylinderful of gas,
or in part if the eyllnder is only partly supplied with
fresh gas. But In either exse at half or at full tond.
the piston 2 [In remounting always finds 2 complele
cylinderful of gas to compress, nnd in the two cares
the motor works at a total compression of 6,800 Kilo-
grammes (12.787 pounds) per square centimeter (A155
squire inch), By closing the inlet we soon redu
the quality of the mixture, which is finally compressed,
but we do not reduce the rate of compression. , This
will -hold good as long as we have not reduced the
Inlet to such point Ciat the two cylinder capacities
(al? pump and gas pump added together) are inferior
to tho volusne given by the plston as far as af,
tis announced from Ottawa that a commisslon has,
nm behalf of the Cnnndinn Tuttie Railway, been in
OU!
-veailentingn che waterqower resoumces of the lRoeky 5
fi ths, ie vawen f th "j
though Inmuuenre |
tricity can be Ww |
the heavy aoe: |
grenter cheapnes:
ihe electric te
will at firat be
fhe Canadian $e
ig avaliable to. |
ssecqueceenoone
THE EDISON AMBEROLA
i een LT ae
1s the Title of an Entirely New Typo of Ma-
chine Which WIII Be Ready for the Market
on or About December 1.
The Edison Amborola {fs the latest product of
the National Phonograph Co., Orange, N. d., the
full description of which, with details as to price,
ete., will be embodied In a special elrcular to
the trade that will be mailed next week. The
Edfson Amberola is an entirely new type of ma-
chine, with new motors, mandrel, ete, and is
adapted to both the Amberol nnd Standard Ed-
{son records, The cabinet, which will provide
storage accommodatons for 120 records, will re-
semble the models already famillar to the trade.
It will be furnished In mahogany and onk, and
will be placed on sale December 1.
IN ¥, Armerisan
ibd 191@
Se nlnammanent
ry Webber, Stenographer, aay:
”
. cae
Miss Rose Webber, a: stenographer,
having her own offices ‘at No. 164 Nassau contest has been arranged_tt
street,” received “Sudgment yesterday, in Of this
the, Municlpal Court” for $80 ‘dtio her by.
Explorer Frederick Cool for ‘elght days’,
Work’ .while he. was. sojouralng: vat, the
£ ‘aldort. ie
‘Miss Webber, decinived she was
many. ‘eredttors’ of “Dr. Cook, | “H
owes, re Lonsdale $500," sho sald,
‘as he: ‘ing so much In tho bank” the:
‘no ronson to do me out of my. money,
jgave: ‘Mim <a reagonublo time: to:
'and. 80 1 brought sult.
rahe os never dfd any work on. the rechids
ot the: "North Pole matter.’ Only. Dry Cook’
jand “Mr, . Lonsdale, whe is also a ate!
now whut nuppered in thay
hundred Jottcrs thut eame to? him
neh day, fram all sorts ot; neople offering records, to be decided as follows:
+ Only, the naeranaary “Rach contestant will be furnished with a cy!
ones'- were’ answered... I segregated | all
Ietters or Ingulries relating “to the Mt. inder containing dictation made at tho rate of
350 words per minute, with the mandrel of the
machine turning 100 revolutions per minute. ‘he
contestants will not be allowed to change this
Ten minutes for transerib-
The contestants will then
hand their typewritten matter to the judges, who
7 will make deductions from the total number of
H words typewritten according to the rules govern-
2 ing the International typewrlting contests. The
greatest net amount of words written in the ten
Molinloy expedition and passed.
qver.:to . Dr. . Cook for reference:
never) answered any of them’ t
knowledge.”
+. Bilas: Webber ‘said. that. Dr. Goole -
colved. $200 minute = for, talking! Int
thot Company phonograph, .“T: J
ime ‘recelved a cable from’ ei
Wyekof, of :Churoht” & » Wyokoff, ("fro
‘soméwhere.in France, : saying. that .thogh
pvero:” ‘ralready a hale million “dollars?
sight “.for,-tho. /
aie ca cae el its cea ber
eWebbors was<crepresen: -
torus AB Oa Wee yas
EDISON TRANSCRIBING CONTEST.
intéresting Event Under Ausplces of the Edi-
son Business Phonograph Co. WII! Take
Place at the Business Show at’ Madison
Square Garden.
At the National Business Show. held annually
: in Madison Square Garden, New York, and which
Ser ae pital asatrec a opens to-day (Saturday), the Edison Business
e jonograpl te t oe: Phonograph Co,, Orange, N. J., will make an
exhibit of their complete\line. A transcribing
ATés, has furnished the
Frconditions, etc: °
ho are transcribing from
graph will. be interest-
ed to learn\ofthe transcribing contest, which
we have arrahged to take place at the National
Business Show, Madison Square Garden, 8 p. m.,
The contestants wiit be
Ilmited: to those actually transcribing from an
Edison business phonograph ns a regular occupa-
tion. This will exclude all professional typlsts.
The awards will consist of three handsome med-
simply-opened the inree, for'or ala In gold, silver and bronze for the three best
September 2%, 1909.
speed of the machine,
Ing will bo allowed,
‘tho:old-ktand.on.Wyon ig -avenue
{vacate for}. ore, central> premises
vec Tt mapa ete
¢adeamen whe are ‘auil ‘work ng:
athe, e premises will, remain’ for afew
lénger... -‘Thelr. fare nd
ben "not ntérfora . with b
ie: mae’ be admitted (thatthe :p
“not. bogin to look’ tke what ‘they:
us ss ‘done;
“ont this roadie
inutes
, as there may be scme
the 20th following.
Ison C, Durand, the
and should not embarrass the contest-
room at Madison Square Garden before a small
of writing. Contestants are urged to make ap-
audience,
ants or call for much effort in the.ten m
ched to this
When entries are received
with the contestant and en-
for the proper typewriter,
will be loaned gratis by the
es if a machine canno
that there will be no expense atta
contest at any time.
we will communicate
aeavor to arrange
minutes, will decide .the’:first award, and follow-
ing the-second and third awards.” We mny state
plication for entry early,
f positions at the
advantage in the selection o
which we feel sure
iven In
typewriter compani
contest, and such preference will be g'
be
et
lica-
the order of the receipt of the written app
supplied otherwise.
tion at Orange, N. J.”
“The contest will take Place in the concert
—
Dee yee te ‘ aes
JCAPSPIOU'RNG-RHONOGRAPH————~
COMBINATION of the phonograph and the siren whose
voied, speaking intelligible words, may be heard for miles,
has been invented in Germany. Says 7he Stlentifie American
(New York, April 24) crediting for its data a recent report sent
from Chepmitz by United States Consul, Hy Norton;
“The methods for recording sound have reached a higher stage
of perfection than those employed for its reproduction, ‘The chief
difficulty encountered in the Fresent systems of reproducing con-
versation, and especially music, from phonographic and sinitar
records, is caused by the friction of the needle resting upon the
surface of the rapidly revolving disk or cylinder. ‘This introduces
@ more or less noticeable buzzing or rumbling sound which inter-
feres ‘materially with the clearness of musical notes or spoken
words. Numerous Attempts have been made to overcome this un-
pleasant accompaniment, In none of the devices hitherto brought
forward has complete success been attained, since all involved the
factor of friction as the fundamental means of transmission,”
The newly patented instrument completely avoids friction by the
substitution of a current of comprest air for the needle or stylus of
: nvention, ‘To quote further:
“Inasiren, openings of various sizes allow the production of all
musical notes with any desired degree of intensity or length. In
the new instrument, perforations in the disk of a siren are replaced
hy tangential incisions on the surface of a large record-cylinder,
A second perfectly smooth cylinder rests close upon the surface of
the first cylinder and revolves in unison with it as the two cylinders
are set in movement. A constantly varying succession of minute
openings between their surfaces is presented, due to the incisi
on the record-cylinder, When a powerful blast of comprest
directed upon the line of contact between the two cylinders, at such
an angle as to be an exact tangent to the surfaces of both, sounds
are evoked identically as in the case of an ordinary siren. It is
possible to comsianicate signals and even words which can be
readily heard miles away,
“It is already evident that a field of usefulness is open to this
new invention as an adjunct to the equipment of sea-going vessels,
Its availability for musical purposes has not yet been tested suffi-
ciently to determine whether it can successfully vie with the
gramophone, phonograph, etc., or even replace them,
“The cylinders thus far employed are about ten times as large
as ordinary phonographic cylinders, and this fact renders the in-
strument necessarily somewhat clumsy. The requirement of a
current of comprest air may also militate against a wide-spread
domestic use, altho such a current can be supplied by a compara-
tively inexpensive attachment to a water-tap where the water-sup-
ply is under considerable pressure,”
J.
26=Thomas A. Edison's most.
(Chrigtmites
: h
; record. mada,
“him ‘by Dr. Wu ‘Ting Fang, ‘retirs
hincke. minister: to . the United:
States.’ Dr. Wu visted tha wizard! ens!
feFday, und ‘atter, lnspectings tho,.tn}
Wentor's plant and asking innumérable
ban
auestio
‘about everything, * hdq“saw
Into one of Mr. Edison's phono
cord ‘he left behind him
fottowas i ae
aN ber 24,1900; Mr. Edladn has
istlanowa me a grent many wonder
fi
fig
yonder;
Ung. He ‘Is, a' great man,* ‘Ihave!
‘a/about. him: for:man: ‘ond!
‘a Wii
=e
VICTOR HERBERT WIT \:
THE NATIONA ne
Famous Composer to Supervise the
Manufacture of Artistic Taldking
Machine Records
An announcement of great importance was that
made last week hy the National Phonograph Co, to
the effect that it had engaged Victor Herbert, the fa-
mous musician, orchestra conductor and composer, to
act in a supervisory ci ity in the making of artis-
tic records and ta lead his celebrated orchestra while
it makes records for the company,
A formal statement of this new conection as
given out by the National Phonograph Co, follows:
“tn getting Mr. Herbert to identify hinsetf with
B Nn organization, the Nationat Phonograph
5 abt ahout one of the most notable
ements in the history of the phonogrs tt
without saying that the advice and ‘assistance
of & man of Mr. Herbert's ability as a musician and
composer will do much to maintain and improve
sent high standard of the Edison product,
sO se those disposed to speak slightingly
Iking machine to Jevise their opinion and
place a new value ‘pon its place in the musical
world. A man of Mr, Herhert's fame would tot
enter into an rangement of this kind without a
careful study of all its phases, He has weighed its
possible effcet upon his name as a composer—a name
today easily ranking as first in this country,
“Mr. Merhe has realized that the arrangement
will give the § on phonograph the tremendous ad-
vantages of exploiting records made byy his are
chestra, the fame of which has taken years at time
and large money expenditure to acquire. Yet he is
willing not only to have his orchestra make recoris,
but to lead his men in person,” ‘
According to statements made by William Pelzer,
vice-president of the National Phonograph Co., and
L. C. MeChesnyy, the advertising director, Mr, Her-
bert will be consulted upon every phase of the work
of making records of the better class of music, and
especially of instrumental music. He will assist in
the selection of suitable music for record-making
purposes and will be consulted as well as the people
who sing or play the better kind of compositions.
It is the intention of Mr. Herhert to frequently
visit the laboratories of the National Phonograph
Co, at Orange, N. J. and supervise and criticise the
work of making records, and his efforts in this
direction will undoubtedly have a great effect. in
improving the class and character of the conipasitions
. . A '
for sale in the tatking machine field, ? :
NATIONAL CO. SECURE INJUNCTION
Restraining Boston Jewish-American from
Selling or Offering for Sale Edison Records
for Which They Have Not Pald Full Price.
In a suit brought by the Now Toreey; Patonta
Co,,and the National Phonograph Co, In the Oir-
cult Court of the United States, district of Massa-
chusetts, in equity, an Injunction was issued
April 27 to prevent the Boston Jowish-American
and its proprietors from selling or offering for
sale Edison records for which they have not paid
full retafi price until further order of the court,
The injunction 1s not to apply to records pur-
chased by the defendants from persons other than
authorized retail dealers who have. pald the full
price for auch recorda; but in this latter case,
defendants, and each of them, are to keop a true
and accurate account of the records so purchased
‘from other than authorized retail, dealers, sald
account to be open to the inspection of counsel
for plaintiffs at all reasonable times, Samuel
Katz and Morris Hoffman, of the same place,
from whom the Boston Jowish-American is al-
leged to have bought the records at less than
agreement prices, were also enjoined at the same
time pending final hearing.
oe
1w, e
\Jo? CHisesis ee enero
¢ the chet” tractions of acle Chieatin,., “
une Oo cat!
a
‘entific wor 1s,that it 18 ‘extremely ant
omat tly qnteresting. A jiterary
econstan
career” often pecomes monotonous,
while: 5C antifia work {8 always ine
i iy way’
ercusing in qntorest. This 8? it i6
shown, for example,
who tolls at one thing all the a
hig keen intercst
manifest
ion tos colors
4 1 : for % rentist 1s hat acade
More epelly. Brasp tho gnys 0 a ot P ning 18 and
pvlencey, BUEAL, REE 8. to aa emnie oF vere8s 5 ith the times.
puroly achiak ‘oat man tO think prac>
waste ot arn fe degne® NY Jor 10
e can le "a easy fOr 8
one Sronce,yand sour, years of active. wie easy Te UHItY, Pfam
and oxperimental work rely be of much get Ainect 18 muna © Yess than
greater value than an equal amount, Door eck and, ° 988 he has learn
‘ot tinge spent in obtaining oa college, ae eink. ror hin: ° ‘and. understan ;
education. 0) 4 re ee Cy ny
[do not mean, jowover, ‘to deprect” his Woront econ oles. uapte not
ate the value of ‘college education A 5 ineer, “0 y
too much, for; it is undoubtedly w dee
airablc foundation to ANY of the pro-
ivpsiung, such a8 Inw, the ministry):
medicine or iteraturc, ror o, scientist
four ‘years of ‘academic work seemfA to’
mo to be o waste of time in spite of
the fact thatccollege mon's minds are
better trained .and thorefore attain:
further learning more easily. ‘
In selentific ‘work, 38 in all other
work, the chief factor of guccens {4 the
power of sticking to a thing. 1: ate
tribute all that T have ‘accomplished
to the fact that {hold on where most
ersons “set discouraged. Anothor
fundamental characteristic for o°.8uc~
ccastul sctentist fg the power. of being
a closa observer, For Instance. while L
am experimenting to find some special
thing by clozo observation I often 8e0
dozens of other things not connected
avith what Tam after, and thus the sci-
entitic field is ono that is constantly
expanding and ‘proadening out pinto
new ficlds. .
‘Unitmited opportunities are offered
in: the sclentific field for good practical
‘sclentists, and the higher positions aro
awalting ‘tho alcilled mens For all the.
$3,000 or $4,000 positions there: are
many capable candidates, put when +\4
comes to the $10,000, $15,000 oF $20,000 |
positions it {x very hard-to find’ tho.
right man, Accordingly, at the pres-)
“ent time, many ‘Important “jgh-sal-
aried poaitlons are vacant ‘for want 0!
jenough capable: scientists. In fact, the
{modern . times are always agmanding
higher intellectual standards for all im,
portant positions, ~ a eee
Wat the country. neods Now, is, the
penctiealy skilled engineer: who ‘{s- cap
able of doing. anything. In 300 or 400
syears when the country fy setticd and
‘commercialism is diminished, there
{with ‘be time.for the Hterary Mm
‘ present: wer ant-onginecrs:. Indu
men, good Rusiness-like: managers and
“In. fact, there ‘a field
meneveryaherss ..
Sade rt
8 off
ea Bt
ed
“ow
“NATIONAL \LEAGUE.—Philadelptin ‘at Broot~
ye tan AL Boston at New York: Pittsburgh.
at. Bt, Loufs; Ctoctnnat! at Chicago,
‘AMERICAN LRAGUF—'
Judge Handy hi ted” Theodore’ 34:
‘att of Tart & she ny Hawyers;. of No.
15 William, ‘Strost,’ ‘recelvor.In. bankruptcy
tor’ the Leeds '& Cattin’o, “manitacturers
of ph
ed that the company had ie:
Interest (on iIts : bond:
rents were’tnpald and thi
céedings’ Ww, hreatened i
, The company bas.a ‘large’ Pply_of man-
ufactured ‘and unmanufactured phonograph
nd other patented devices, “but ‘a decrea
manetniy enjoins tt trom the manufactur of
its inventions and further decreed that the
company had infringed on ‘the rights of th
competing companies, { <4," :
orn anne,
ee
Bae. tpt eens
of/Big’ Phonograph Concer.
- Judke Hand appointed Yesterday Theods
Taft, of the law firm of Tate &°S1
Taft's bond wag fixed at $15,000, nove Ms
It wan stated that the company had. detauite
the Interest on its bonds, Wage
mained unpeld and dispossess Proceedings
threatened for non-payment bf rent. «.
has a Inrge supply of Phonograph ‘a
ented devices, but - these have .lesse
vA decree was recently handed down
States Supreme Courr vneroby the coi
enjoined Permanently from the manufa,
inveations, -which {infringed on the ri
Victor Tatking Machine Company,
mpany
cture
shts ‘o
runtey were not appointed, 4
Edwin FL Leeds, who had béen Presiden:
company since fe was started, dled ‘on
1908 and Henry Leeds, trensurer,, died’ tn
1908, and was Succeeded by-hts fon, Henry Lee
it o
' : i Whee te ET nda datas
| LEEDS & QATLIN EOEIVER NAMED.
. ae he bey
Theotore iM. Tare Wir apple with Troubles
ra
lerman, rece:
for the Leeds & Catlin Company, maj acturers of
“phonographs “ahd “records, .of: No. +Eaat
ry itidletow 5
Mr,
ed-on
Were
The’ company
nd other pat-
ned. in value,
by the United
y Was
of Ita
f the
* Its ‘large real
that |
Muy,
ds,
es Of employes Tes |
ft the Hl
August 11,
; Guitatan
‘Fm FIBUNNs, Pipi
NM BS FOF
A
/
coemanplamntiemaienniaantanntenrinn io)
= ="
RECEIVER FOR CEMENT CO.
hhiladelphta Stockholders “Wi Make ir
"Formal Application in Camden Noxt ,.
se tg Monday, aoe
. | *Twelve atockholders of the Edison Part
si[land Cement’ Company will J
Chancellor Leamtng in“Camden nex:
Ady’ to appoint, zecétverssfor-th
Willlaia 'C French.“an attors
rear Te’ stackhalaera. a “ ;
R he. if |
Swine, ‘gro’ Philadeiphicts “comes because
they have ‘recelved" no dividends from ape
company during the past efght years, Ts 6 |
‘company {s incorporated for 34,000,000." the
"Phe company, wil!’ probably dectare ‘in
its’ defencethat it has been “under tie
, expense of {mprovements to thelr plant a’
High Bridge, N.'J. ina
Px] ‘ :
New York Times
UM BB G09
rit
Boe rae ante ee
jooks for Giris and Hoyme Youre f 4
. Fa Whitehit tune |
THE CIiReLE
A ciy uy
The Vat
Had Led to ‘phe Pe Petition Made to Vices
_Chancetlor—in * Interview Mr. Edie!
‘son ‘Sald_Action ‘Taken Was Sur-|
N “ ‘prise to Company's Officials. a
‘A news dispaten from Philadelphia
states that »Attomey » William C.'
French, of Cainife: en, has given notice to:
Vices Chancellor Leaming that. he:
would present a ‘petition to him next
Monday for the xppolntment of a re
celver for the Edison Portland Cement
Company of New Jersey, which ac:
quired .the. process and . patents. of
“Phomas A. Edison ‘for manufacturing
cement. The company has a capicity
of 3,500 barrels a day, and has plants
located at Stewartsville, near Phililps-
burg, oN, J. It. has o capital of, $12,-
000,000 common stock anid $3,000,000
8. per cent.” cumulative © preferred
stock. ‘The: petitioners ‘aver -that ‘no
dividends on the cumulative preferred
stock have‘heen declared for several
years, ° Sie aaa
Officers of the company are: wit.
juni. HM. Shelmerdinge, president; W. S.
Mallory, vice-president; WW. S. Piling,
_ treasurer? aed
At the offices of’ the company” in
West “Orange, -Thomas -A. Edison, Jn
an interview wlth.a’ Daily Chronicte |,
representative, stated that he had no}:
knowledge of the proceedings further
than he -bad read- -In, the morning pa:
pers, but that such“actlon was abso-
lutely without warrant.” He asserted
that the company was” perfectly ‘sol-
vent and able to meet every obligation
on fifteen’ minutes? ,not{ce; that every
dollar ‘pald for Stock was represented
“py more than corresponding value in
actual assets,-and that the surplus
earnings had been invested steadily
in additions and Improvements to the
plant and property, The ‘threatened
action: las’ not: been, anticipated, . as
there had been no expression of «ils
satisfaction up to this..time.
Mr. Edigon -ascribes the action to
the influence. of jealous ‘competitors, iB
who ‘seek thus “to. damage the’ con-
pany’s credit, ‘and’ says: that -in ‘snite
oe, the low, gmarigal ther company. his,
The Edison process. for ‘manu tur:
ing cement which the’ dnventor. ee in,
operation some time ‘ago’!
velopment “of .the process, ‘aud about
a million dollars is invested-in a ex.
- itenstve plant, “which al
near *- Stewartsville.
‘In Warren and Sussex ‘counties’:
industr? gives ‘-employment * to"
dreds of hands and has ‘been a,
_Uenellt to” the region about
“ville.
“Wall Street, N.Y, Joueital 2°}
V
JUN #4 \70q
The millepernted. rus
ore, The shipments of concentrate: ‘to the smelter
amounted to 18 dry tons,
; ioper ayspand, crushed 11,118 dry tons of
. i
Edison Sues on Stone Crusher,
BuffajowsLhomaneaAs~Edigon, .tho.i wentor, has begun
suits in the U. S, Equity Court neve ganet the Alli
Shalmers Co., the Empire Limestone
nfringement of ao patented stone crushing apparatus,
Mr. Edison also eecks to recover damuges, oe
“daighle, Pa, = Hom: ae
FAQION Aaghtaasicg ORSENT.
in this city In the Edison Porte
teu Cement Co. ear the: have no enowelerige
of the reported intention of Willian
French, a Camaen ly lawyer, to ask for a re-
i for the com, ‘:
“tt is reported that ‘Mr, French'a client,
Caer eee the det thet the ciimpangy
nition on
hes paid uo Qlvidends on. tts, $9,060,000 pre-
ferred stock, which 1s cumulative.
‘A prominent Interest in the company states
that’ the company fa not in defaule io in-| |
terest on ofa’ $1,500,000 bonds sor, on notes | 4
or_current 5
HE COs ANY 18 STATED TO BH OIN
Be ITER CONDITION | TO-DAY THAN q
BER BEFORE, The company has been} 4
recently ehipping over 5,000 barrels of ce-| ™
nent & day and making over 6.000, The|.,
ceat of manufacture, ey ae reduced, it 18] ey
. 0
oe company 18 makisg, a tized ‘charges -
and expenves, and Jn tho present state of
jthe joariee thie ts Soualdered patistactor |
it Stockholdera y
Ne 30 OWN " MOST ore ha a BONDS. For
the reaelat ‘nO prospe: held out ag
__ [gamzencement °o aivideade ‘a the prefe*
stock. ‘
‘Co, and the 'Cus-:
aris Stone Co. to enjoin these compinies from alleged ,
Satie a SAB ee ts ot el
aT
[PHOTOCOPY] | ;
Fees 2 Unoms m ey Sto
SUN 24 tgqg
ekne y, Edgeriont, a,
eRe rMeketvie 140 8. 2th. f *, 600
‘|Batgdg, th
4 fapieetnat ots fs‘n Mexican a8 an abso=
au esfubricat(on, Tt-has ‘always been be-;
t ngeyest, tere that’ ho was born tn Zucn-,
"| tebig: “in= the: year ae of Senora ie +40
nacia de Alva and Tomas a’Son, ant i
thit.on.the flght of hla -parents during 5E 2 E,WAS He Post surg
. nin st 909
the’ American Jnvaslo nd Salem, Ohio,
‘changed his name from that of Tomas
Alva-y. .@'Son to the “niore American
sounding name of Thomag A, Edison.
<The. Assocjated | Press" coresponden'
yds ain interview, - printed =. alm
exlenn Herald, Jiine 7, where 2-
prominent Mexico City lawyer, holding |: -
‘a position in.the Federal district mints~,
terio™ “publico, stated that the elty rege"
Zacatecas showed the birth of
‘A, Edison, only “unger his real
"Son, and that Edison has
latives. there. «When a cargador
toyed ito'Htote” several huge
volumes af the’Encyclopedia_Britunica,
and Encyclopedia International and
Who's Who tn America, in which Edi-
son’s birthplace is given as in Ohio,
and bis mother was named Nancy, the
English forsIgnacts, he only laughed
and sald, “That's ensy" just as Edison
{3 reported to have laughed and to
have said, “That’s Anantiustic,” when 7
he read the telegram. - i
sThe Newark News gives the follow-
Ing ag a trud Intery few with the great
inventor:
“That's nothing but a fake,” declared
Edison today when told of the alleged
digcovery by a Mexican paper that he
was not a native of Oblo, but was in
reality ,n Mexican. “Do I look Mke a
Mex!can?” he queried with a) laugh.
“Why ‘I wags never. in Mexico In my
fe. .The records of my birth in an
Erin county, Ohfo,‘are plain enough, .
have seen the spublle, records and ines |
sides it is in our family Bible, which I
have up at the house, The man that
started’ that yarn must’ be crazy. © I
don’t know: how else he could say any-
thing - 80 ridiculous.” ...
It fs ‘understood that,”
The D
a
q
7 ane: 28a nay
eprosanting twelv
Philadelphia, Bt prahrosanting amottes:
today jto Vice Chancellor. Leaming. th: int
‘h vould cpresent >a spetition’.to Ahim
next Monday forthe appointrhont’ of. a
réceiver,! for’ the ‘Edlson-Partland ‘Ca-|
ment ‘Company, * NY, rk, which
wmequired ‘thi
-Thomaa A. +
8.
ils eelllingneas H
2 Inte lew Jin which, he ‘will deny thie |
story printed In'a Maxico Clty mornitg | -
panish paper, fo the effect that he’ Is,
‘ull-blggda -Aztuc nilaacandnas*"
{
i
'
i
i
H
“An Interview With |
‘“Cincinnatlans ought to take a pe-
.jculfar Interest in the. wizard of elec:
(Fielty, because It wos In this city
that the Great inventor's career wus
Rimost cut off before he had had a
chance to become famous. It was a
year or two before 1870 that Edison,
atill but-a youth, left” the little
Michigan’. town whore his ‘boyhood
Senlus had. spent Itself and where ha
had leatned to “pound the key" In a
fashion that made him one of thé
most expert telegraph operators fn
the world, and came to Cincinnati to
work for the ‘Western Union, Edison
himself tolls the story ‘in thesv
Words: ingen.
“I have been deat from very early
boyhood, It has not been such a
handicap to mo as some would think,
because It alds mo to concentrate my
mind on what tam. doing without
belng disturbed by ‘external sounds.
My deafness came near costing mo
my Hfe in Cinelunati though. I was
Working on « night ‘press’ wire, and
was Kolng home from the office about
3 o'clock In the morning. | had a
satchel Cull of books with me, for t
was reading everything I could get
hold of about electricity In those
days. There was nobobdy In tha
street, and {t was pretty dark. I
was plugging along at a pretty fast
salt, when F thought I heard a faint
sound as if of an explosion, I turned
around, and saw a pollceman run-
ving towards me, waving his revol-
ver, By. shouting at me he made me
understand (hat he bad enlled to me
to stop, and on my falling to respond
had fired at mewthinking [ was a
Jihlet with my booty fn the Dag. 01
Jtook him back to the telegraph office,
i/where they explained who I was, and
thanked my stars that he was such
a poor marksman, I haven't carried
any largo bundles at ulght = singe
| then,”
i
q
SS rr nn
Raison Leaves Cincinnati.
Edison's stay In Cincinnatl was
{ brlef. He went from this city to Bos
}ton, where some of his carller and
#mlnor ‘inventions were developed.
aniong them being a device which has
hover been used jn practice for rez:
latering electrically the yotes of mem
bers of.a City councll, Legislature ‘or
Congress, ; .
The story of Edleon’s success after
arriving “In New York, his’ develap-
ment of the stock ticker In the. form
ft-is used to-day, (or which he re
‘eclved $30,000; the duplex, quadruplex
And multiplex telegraph.‘instruments,
‘the telophone transmitter, the phono-
graph, “the Incandescent ‘electric Nght,
the moving pleture “camera and
enough minor Inventions to ‘muke his
Dame tha’ one most frequently ‘ap
‘pearing In the records of the United
States’ Patent office, “There would be
Ho reason to repeat tho’ ist here, if tt
j.Were not that Edison’s inventive life
pas Spread over so longa ‘perlod—
{fully 40 years—that the younger gen-
eration’ hardly. reniizes ¢the number
‘of’: epoch-marking . discovertes' the
World ‘owes to hig ‘genius; tt fakes
‘8 man well along. in Ife to, remember
the furor with which every new dis-
covery “by “the Wizard <éf “Menlo
| Park" wag greeted orto realize -that
‘the ‘nanmie.of Edison was 4; househotd
Word alt over the world tore than 30
years. ago. 0 on,
Tus Recent Inventions,
{Edlson’s more recent ‘inventlons |!
for “hls ‘inventivo. activity has: kept.
‘up-without ceasing, and he atill gets
halons with four. hours‘, dally sleep—
ithe “one: which Is nearest ‘to his heart
Ja‘the Jmproved storage ‘battery. In
chis;‘later, years Edison: has developed
Wonderful business ‘gontus, Tho
fphonograph, ‘In the hands of -othera
té: whom he-sold the original patents,
; Was almost a fallure.:Ho bought. the
patents back for a tithe of what he
received. for them, and .undertook the
manifacture * tnstrument ona!
commercial. scule, s
(erent Seer an aaa
3
rRreatipinat’ at:
Inventions That Are’ Yet to Make Good, ©’:
es EY
ome of the Things the Wizard, Has Done—-Aind Some of, His
‘phonograph experlméyt.-he resolved,
yenra ago, not-to out his storage: bat,’
tery. on the market until ‘he was cer-
{
jin that It was a success, and then,
O begin {ts mannfacture on a seale
that would insure {ts productlon\at
the minimum of coat'to the user, Ha
conlg not prevent: varlous falso re-
tports about the Invention’ fram ~ be-
coming public, and some. of these j
Were published so Jung ugo that peo-
ple who remember them? and. have
noticed thet the promised revohition !
In trangportation methoda/has not yet
arrived uve inclined to ery “fallure.”,
From Edison's paint of view, howeve
the storage battery is hardly a failure.
“Seo that big ‘bullding?" he asked,
pointing to a five-story concrote fac. |
ory covering an acre or more of
ground, acrozs the street from - hls
Inboratory. “That's whore I'm going
fo make storage batterfes, Doesn't
look Ike-it was a falture when I'm
{
{
j
{
putting that much money Into a’ fac. |
tory, does {t?, The trouble is, I talked .
too much about ‘lt. 1 let too many
age battery .and another to - make
people know what I was working on. :
Now, it's one thing to male tt store |
sure that it will stand up under rough i
and unintelligent use and work eco ¢
nomically, ‘That is what Fam alming i
al. The storngg battery was. per-
fected four years ago, but f couldn't
he sure of It, I knew 1 had some.
Fo made a number of them and put
them into service, They have done
everything | oxpected of them and
more, J stopped Inventing on ft then
—four years back. All I have dono
since then Js to test the’ batteries,
Tho test belng satisfactory, I am
now preparing to make. them, [ sup.
pose people will continua to’ cry
‘failure’ until they sce hundreds of
vehicles In uso with dlson hattertes,
Well, that Umo won't be. far off,
“Hlininating the Horse,
“Theoretically, “1 have eliminated
the horse from Manhattan Island and
the other crowded elties,. With my:
battery, the grocer or butcher who
now can keep but one horse and de-
Nvery wagon will be able, at the sama
first cost, to obtain a delivery vehicle
luat will bo eight times as efficient.
By that I mean that it will occupy
half*the space In street or barn, pers
as much’ to operate, Where every
Inch of streets ‘and ground rent
form twice the service and cost half:
counts, that is a great step forward, .
I have opened the door for this’
provement in urban conditions.”
Mr. Edfson at this tlme exhibited
the first model of his Intest tdea, tha:
one-pleco concrete house, poured in'a
single mold, : “ 4
“What [am atming for herd,” he
Mis |
thing, but If wanted tovtry dt. I cone -
cluded a ‘three-years’ test would do,‘
sald, “is nota dwelling for-the well- |
to-do man ‘or- even :tha. suburbanito |
of moderate means. . Those who‘have }
the taste to appreciate and the means
(o buy or build a house that’ expresses
some tndividuallty,. wilt::not. care for’,
this‘kind of houses. (My. object is to
help to solve the problem of; housing
the very poor. If this invention .re--
Ueves in future years such conges-
tion-ns we have on tho East Side of
New York, I’shall’ be;content, "|,
4. My, idea a. that, great -manufacty
Ing stablishmentay which “are moving
more and more into. the outlying dis.
tricts, ought to be surrounded: by. the
homes of thelr employes. © Many ® ot
thom. are alrenily, but the cost of efcc! .
lig even a very small cottage. by’ ordi.
nary Ineana ‘Is'so'latge that. only-tha
most ‘wealthy corporations ‘undertake
ft'and the average, workingman. ‘Anda.
ntirely beyond ‘his voseible meatis,
ly the use of my system,'a perfect-
ly’ sanitary, absolutely, freproopt and
comfortable .six-room cottage. dra '.be a
bullt;in twelve: hours attet the catlur
's dug.at n cost not to’ exceeell $1,000,
It will never require any; repairs. and
Will last’ through a- dozen yes. “The
fitat expense is. large, It will take’:
$30,000 to ninke: a sol’of moulds for a
single pattern:of house,-but once the
ae
moulds xre made, a" thousand, houses ~;
ean be constructéd with ther
the moulds are Yemoved the:
complete in every detall.::
Baise pines, : furnacé “Nie:
alr’
SAN eg Or
was ‘going, home: from: tha:
4 :
no: 5
books : ith’ mé, for.:1.
was’ reading everything T ‘could’ get
hold of about: electricity » “In” these
“nobobdy in’
de dt’ was pretty. dark, :
was plugelng nore a ee fast
galt; whon’ of gu exo i
on en
“olnétnnatl was
ithig ‘elty.to Bos-
is earlier’ and
a;
¢;1 hig’ ‘develop:
4 tha, form
uséd:- to-day, Corl which:he
‘cdlved’ $30,000; i, tha’ ‘duplox,! qiadruplex
“And sanulttplex ; telegraph, ‘Ynatruments,
the, ‘Aeleéphone ‘ tranamitter, the’: phono
‘graph, “th
the »); moving: picture jc i and
enough. minor: ‘inventions to'mike his
Dame > the? ‘one. mot’ frequontly, ap-
recordg ‘of ithe United
There -would be
no‘reason to: ‘repeat the! Mat here, if-tt
Were not that. Edison's’ Inventlyo life
a8 spread .over’-ra “long a “pertol—
fully:40 yerrs—that the :younger. gen:
oration’ hitdly” reallzeg’, the’, number
of + epoch-inarking discoverie ‘the
world « sowes to his ‘gents; ! kes
a mins well along in Ife to, remember
the furor with avhich’ ‘every. new dls:
‘coyery * by “the: “Wizard -. of,..Menlo
Pabk”, was ;greeted ‘or, to’reallze that
‘the ‘name of: Ediso “was| a household
word all’ qy
years, age
; More. ‘recont ‘Inv ations |!
for -his inventlvo: ‘ACtivity: has kept
Up without: ceasing, and he stil gets
along: ‘with: four. hours! datly, -aloep—
the“one which ‘la’ nearest, to his heart
fs ‘the. Improved. stqraga | battery, in
his. later :years Edison: had ‘developed
tt wonderful’. business igentus, ‘The
phonograph,, ‘In‘ the -handa: of: others
to whom he. sold tha’ orlginal ‘patents,
Was almost a-failure,’ Ha: ‘bought the
patents back .for a.tithe ‘of what’ ho
recelvad. for them, and undertodtc the
mannfacture of- the tnstrument on: a
commercial, ‘scale, , with: what sticcess
every one knows, \ More ‘than hulf
of hls. great’ plant at East. Orange, N.
J.-ls davoteil ‘tos the manufacturo ‘of
plonographs and, onograph” records,
[PHOTOCOPY]
PY UrAdiy ww QIU NL: POURS. WIE, A POT,
od |More. .
: Well, that-tlmo won't’ be
MUgONL Use, ANU
hat’ i what:
a Blarago’ “battery?
fected four years ago,.but ft eoiidn't |
he sure of it, IT knew 1. had some-
thing, but I wanted ‘(o dry it, . 1 cone
eluded a ‘three-yeara’ test’ would do.”
r]f'mado & numbor, of them and put
them: Into service... Thoy: have. done
overything: l.expected oat. them: and,
I stopped Inventing. on {t-then’
four. years back, . All havo: dono
since‘then’ Is to ‘test the’ batteries,
The teat “boing. satisfactory,‘ I Jam:
now preparing to make; thent,: T Bups
neople .: will > ‘to?
‘|Mallure’ until! they “seo hundreds ot’
¥ehicles ‘In: use with ‘Edison “batteries,
-for’ off; «
“EUninating. the, Horse! F; }
‘“Theorétically, 47: havo’, eliminated
he horgg from Manhattan ‘Island and
the’ other: crowded :cltles,”. With my
battery, the: grocer or butcher who
now can keop: but one horse‘and de-
livery wagon will be able, at:tho samo }
first ‘cost, to obtain. a dellvery: veohiclo ‘
that will, bo eight times as efilclent.
By ‘that [mean tint: it’ will’ occupy
t. Thalf ‘the space in street or: sbarn, per
‘(form twice the ‘service and cost halt,
as mitch to. operate, . Where , every
inch of streets ‘and. ground: ; ront
counts, that. is a great stop ‘forward. :
i have opened the door for this im: }
provement In urban conditions,”
Mr., Edison at this time’. oxhibited |
the first madel of. his Intest: idea, the:
one-pleco conercte house, pouretl in a.
singta mold. *
“What loam aiming for’ here," he
sald, “is not n dwelling forthe well: ;
to-do nian ‘or even. the. suburbanite ;
of moderate means, Those who'have |
the taste to appreciate and the means
to buy or’ build a house that expresses
somo’ individuality with not care for
this "Kind of houses, «My object Is to
help to solve tho problem of, housing
the very poor. If this invention re.
Hever In future years such conges-”
tlon-as.we have on the Ensat Side of
New York, I shall bo “content,
1 My, fdea vfs that. great manufactur.
hig, establishments, which ‘are moving
more and more Into the outlying dis-
tricts, ought lo be surrounded: by the
homes of thelr employes, Many of
them are already, but the cost of erect:
ing even'a very smail cottage by ordl-
nary menns ‘ls so large that only the
moat ‘wealthy, corporations ‘undortake
it and the “average, workingnan finds
it. entirely beyond his. possible means,
\¥ sanitary, dusolutely Areprooof and
comfortable .six-room cottage can he :
bullt In twelve hours after tho cellar
{is dug at a cost not to exceced $1,000,
It will never require any repairs and
will Jast through a‘dozen Hves. The
fivat expense fg, large. |,
$90,000 to make a set of moulds for n
single pattern of house,-but onea the
moulds arq made, a thousand houses
can be constructéd with ¢hem., When
the moulds are removed the house ig
complete in every detall, - Drain-plpes,
water pipes, furnace ues, bathtub,
stairs, every thing of that sort is there,
all ono solid plece of concrete, ft will
take, a. couple of weeks after tho con-
crete fs poured, for !t to set su the
nioule can.be removed, but’ after that
there'is nothing to do, but hang the’
doors and windows and movestn. I -
have even, arranged..to have a front
porch cast. in the same*plece. “Fam
how: making the first: set of moulds.
and, will bulld ‘na house, or two wlth |
them, to’ 'seq-that: the “york all right: |
he else ty, ou
OS AW ‘Alin’ “Worth Pu ‘
““T have ‘not’ patented: this: invention, -
but I am offering -it ‘free’ of charge: to!.
any ‘manufacturer, Jand conipany, or.
contractor who waits; to build houses"
for workingmet ‘In {
use of; two_-or- Uireo: salé of moulds,
cohslderable. ariation can ibe’given to
tha: housed ‘In any y -setupment, built, on
this plan,.. In any“event, they effect, will
not be any‘more, monotono' is, than’ any -
block .' of brownstone’ sfronta | In, tho
West Stdo,of, New York,.: ‘This’ is‘ono.
invention that: comes ‘straight from’ tho’
If-I could be sure that it ‘would
{u oven’ one faintly: that now 4
lives 1a! the’ squalor and. congestion of
the , East : Sido « getting. uijchanee to
bring :up ‘its- bables in,- the: country, I
should feel: that’ my Nfe bad ‘not” bee {
in Vain.’ What! direeled: my’ ideng,:lg- |
wards conereto ‘fs. the fact .Uhat 1. aan |
the largest ..cement. w
and have been: stitd,
question: ‘tor“ton. You
cae cee ee eee eet ee te
"By the use of my system, a perfect. +
TL. will take +}
| EDISON’S POURED CEMENT HOUSE HERE |
VERS atom ee eee. wn.
|
{
|
i
}
|
|
ay were
ee)
[FILMED IN SECTIONS]
L
[404
(Photograph copyrighted hy Cemont World.)
One of tho six styles of architecture
plonned by Tedison, Sido und rear view.
Liha sas DSSS AOS
(Special to Tho Evening Press.)
East Ornngo, N. J, duly %—A homo
builder whoso worl will affect vitally
the Inver fe of the next generation—-
thia fa ‘'Homas A. Edison, como to ful-
All the prophecy of Emerson.
‘'Yhe wizard of East Orange will wavo
his ward aud prestos- . "throughout. It will ‘also necure a sur-
A ‘houso complcto, upstales, down-
stairs, basemont, attle, sInlshod even to
decorited Jendings, postals, closets,
bathtubs, chandelicra—aoll ready for
Mr. Groom and hia brido to step into,
Edlson will pour, this) house from
mo}ton cemont—just pour it out with
no more effect that tho fron master
pours rod fluid fron and proluces bara
and pintes, or tho statue maker casts
‘his plaster figures, - ete,
‘Tho poured coment housco—after olght
years of experimenting and two yenrs
of uninterrupted hurd -work,- 1s ready.
Ho will pour hla first building at East
Orango early in August.
Thomas A, Edison,
faco so smooth that fit can bo painted
or frescoed or tinted.
Another objection was that. it would
bo impossiblo to -bufld molds whlch
would make {nner rooms and closots.
This, too, has been overcome, *
SUL nnother-this timo from arecht-)
tecta--wag that all tho houses would be |
nllke, neceasarily;: that people would ¢
not live in thom on- that account, }
But tho’ Edison molds are adapted to
a number ‘of varintions: “With six sota’;
of molds, which tho Inventor. reckons 08 ,
tho right number for. good working or-'!
-tangoment, an immensely wido: variety
‘’Whon Wieard Hdlson'a plan became | of houses can bo- constructed.
‘public. two yeara.ngo a howl of dlabo-
Hef. and ridicule went up, “Imprac-
tienble,” tho contractors sald. .
“A villnge of houses all oxactly alike:
—what nonsense,” exclaimed the archi-
tects. oan a :
But Edison Mado Good, .
And while tho world accepted tho ver-
dict’ of those oxperta Edlion put on lila
ovoralla and went to.work, Ho closed
the doors-of his factory to the world and
Kept them closed till ha. was ready’ to
overwhelm tho erlticlams by a practical
demonstration, H
, Here fs a thumb nail description of tho
house as it will come.frum the mold: - |
. Slzo—Tyenty-flve by. . thirty | ‘foot;
ground plan. 2 a a
a AAs Ble Iyb room and kitchon
Now for a description of an Bdlson
house, ‘Tho one shown in the Hlustra-
tion Is one-family, two-story house,
26x30 fect outalde, to go in a lot 40x60.
“this gives ‘a lawn and small garden
raom. ‘ A
Mns Fivo Large Reoms. Ve
The front or Ilving room {8 large,
14x23 foct, while the Kitchen ‘fs bit
Ahreo. fect narrowor, Tho coillngs arc.
9% fect high.
Tho stairway extends both ways—to
tho Jiving room and the kitchen. Tho
second floor contains the two big bed-
rooms, ono 15 14,,tho other three fect
narrower. Tho. uppor hallway Ja nearly
twonty, feet Iong, lending from tho baele
of the house to the bathroom, which Is
(7% feet square. ; :
wétta tw a7wa2- which with adi |}
i
i
i
ra
OTN BES a7
(Photograph copyrighted by Comont World.)
Ono of tho slx styles of areliltecturo
Planned by Kdlson, Sido and rear view.
0
(Hpoelal ta Tho Ivening Press.)
Fast Orango, N. J, duly f.—A home
bullder whose work will affoct vitally
the inner Wfe of tho next generation-—~
this 1s Miomas A. Edison, come to ful-
lt the prephecy of Emerson.
"ho wiard of Hast Orango wlll wavo
hia witht atid presto" of pin
A housa completo, upstaltes, down
stairs, banemont, attle, dulslhod oven to
decorated landings, postals, closcts,
Dathtubs, chandellers—all rendy for
Mr, Groom and his brido to step into,
Hdfson will pour. this: house from
mojtan comant——junt pour It out with
no moro offect that the tron master
pours red fluld fron and proluces: bara
and plates, or tha stata maker casts
his plaster figures. :
sho poured ‘coment houso—after olght
yoars of exporlmentlng and two yonrd
of uninterrupted hard -work,. 1p rendy,
Ho will pour his frat pulldlng at Haat
Orango early in August. - .
“when Wizard Edison's plan becamo
public, two years nfo a howl of Alsho-
‘Hor. and. ridicule went up. “Imprac-
Yhomna A, Eadlson.
throughout. 1 will also nccire a Rue
fuco #0 Hmooth that it can bo palnted
or frexcocd or tinted.
‘Anothor objection was that it would
bo Impossible to bulld molds which
would) make inner ropma and cloaots.
This, too, haa been overcome. °
SU another-thia time | from archl- 1
tects--was that all the houses would ho {
alike, necessarily; * that People would |
not live in tham on: that necount, i
But tho Edison molds aro adapted to}
fn number of varintions: “With alx sota’,
of molds, which the Inventor. reckons 08 ,
the right number for. a good: working oF-!
rangoment, an Immensoly wide: varloty
of houses can bo-conatructed. :. .
Now for a doscription of an Bdlaon
house, ‘The one shown in the iuatra-
tlesblo,” the contractors sald, tion is 2 ono-family, two-story house,
“* village of houses all oxactly allke:! 36x30 foat outside, to fo in a lot 40x60.
—what nonsense,” exclaimed the archi> |.This gives ao lawn and small gordon
+, | tects. air f {} room, . , if
i | But Kdison Made Good. : Was Vivo Largo Rooms. an
it And whilo the world accapted tho vor- The front or ving room ts lark,
"tT dict’ of those exports Hdlion put on his | 14x23 foot, whllo the Irtchon Is hat
*) | overails and went {o work, Ho closed | three. fect narrower, Tho collings arc.
1! the doora-of hls factory to tho world and | 0% fect Meh.
!. | kept thom closed till ha. was ready‘ ta Tho stairway extonds both ways—to |
tf | overwhelin tho criticisms by a practical | the Mving room and the kitchen, The o
1, | domonatlration. + | second floor contains tho two big bed-
| Hero Jan thumb nall desertption of tho | rooms, ono 1h 14, tho othor throo fact
tf houno aa It will come. from tho molds '] narrower, ‘Tho. uypor hallway Is nearly
de Slac—Twenty-Nve by thirty ‘foot; | twenty, feet tong, leading from tho bacls |!
4 | ground plan, - i} of the house to the bathroom, which is |:
\ Rooms—Rig ving room and Kitchon [7% foct squnro,
; Jon first floor, two big bedrooms, wire Thu‘ uttle ty 37x28, which, avith a ‘al- |
o> Phaliway, closets and bath upstalrs, front } viding partition, would mako: two !
, | and back porch, ->yrooms.' ~ p : Hl
* Cost—About $4,200... i] here are many windwa-—tho downs |; ms
ot | -Material—Light pray re-enforced con | stairs rooms have four cach, nt}
ro | crete, “eld oho matorial throughout ts rolnforeed |:
ja Pine? (67 MOTRSPourteon Mayes 77° OST: paleraté. ‘Tha only “woodwork In: tha "}*
l- Decorattons-Wacades und. ornmnontal fyindaw frames, which males tt Sr2.posr :
To work along porch, carved stono pillara in | gible for fires to break out. 7 ‘
ja | ——: See tmecenenees tet ee pees a ee et {
.
* LIVING “ROOM
ROK
A) sep Poom' - ;
. 14 412 overs
. as
BED ROOM.
1AxI4
eo circumstance will two and two muko 2
three. te
Me, Rdlson’s Huune: ap
Grom tho Syracuse Post-Btandand)
Edison's $1200 waterproof, vermin=
Too MENTOR house,’ annie by pouring.|:
Hoge ,cancreto into..one, big mold, ts Ike:
‘Mr, yBurbaaks's, LMI» ort
poe” oat, thing if! iti/luras aut, well, }
4 \
Phovfret house! lato" be’ cast in.’ sow [4
tote :
SECOND FLOOR PLAN. 3
weeks, and ‘he’ Cement World in Its] 4
‘current Issue has -the most completo dos] ¢
deription of it no far offered to the public. | y
‘Mr, Mdison lays atress upon tha fact],
Mel os FIRST FLOOR PLAN
4 i . Hinnt to bulld such houses for $100 each | 4
I Plans of house shown in accompanylng photograph. . Hate aia tonal, aerate faint ue bl
tJobtained by excavation on the site. At.
i
j
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|
!
Hallways,; window seats and paridted
ors with mythological figuring, gabled
Spcelal Advantages—Flreproot and yer-
min proof; no repairs. ae
Tho peoplo it will benefit particularly
—Tho workingmen, who now often live
in uncomfortable quarters, e
‘Inventor—Thomas A. Edison,
he Edison house, {f.it, accomplished
half what its creator expects, will revo-
lutionize house bullding.
ne’ ble important thing ho lind in
mind wag to make it possible for tho
people of the slums to Ive in houses that
~wguld be clean, hava plenty of light and
afr, and which could be had at a rhod-
grate cost, - ' ee
Tho inventor will not bulld “hotses
himself. He has more Important work
todo, Ho has shown tho world the way
_to do It, and will Icavo it at that,
‘Objections Overcome, ane et
.. Several ‘grent objections which arose
two years ago had to be overcome by
.Edjson In his later plans, Oe ae
*Qne+a practical bullder’s objection—
was that the cement could not be forced
thfough an intricate set of molds and be
ofthe samo consistency and strength
throughout. Also that the surface would
not be smooth. a *
But Edijson has produced a cement of
a consistency almost Ilke water, which
holds the stone and aggregates equally
coal bunkers.
Method of Pourlng. f
The molds are not set up until tho cel-
Inr foundations are dug and gas and
electric: and plumbing pfping ready.
These are then set up with the molds
and all locked together, It takes four
days to sot up tho molds, oot
Then the pouring. Tho cement already
prepared in large mixers is conveyed ‘to
a tank placed on top of the forms. This
tank connects with severul openings In
the roof, so that the’cement rises in all
parts of tho house at once, The pourlng
process Itself takes six hours,
Four days -nre then allowed for the
cement to dry, then the dismantiing can,
be done, Then six days moro aro al-
lowed to give every part of the concrete’
to suttle into {ts rocklike form. . j
Cost of Bullding. |
Edlson's estimate of the cost Is basc¢
on the bullder having. the equipment and
trade to keep six molds busy all the time
and on belng able to use the grave
taken In digging tho foundations, .
One set of molds will cost $25,000, Th
rest of the plant would come to $15,001
Successful operation, Edison ‘figure:
would require six sets of molds kept buss
oli year. Such .an outfit could turn ou!
‘| “The decorations are cast with the rest
of tho house, So’ are all appllances,
such as bath and laundry tubs, steps,
144 houses nf year.
ere nereeens
oY
’
i
+l yeemotda to-keep the men and the ma+
complete set of ,molda will cost $25,001 +
and tho necessary plant $15,000 more. 4
Successful operation will require six sote
shinory constanuy employed,
Evidently a ‘completa revolution in
wuilding methods ts not yet here; bul af a
yougo that won't eatch fire from the otit-
fda and doesn’t noed repairs nor paint
wud affords no chance for rats, mica]
vater. bugs and cockroaches and can bi
wHt complete at whulesate for $1200 out
f pulverized stono and water Is a thing
ghich wlll gat its sharo of attention ag;
oon: as it proves jlself practicable. 7
[PHOTOCOPY]
ITHE MUSIC TRADE REVIEW
ty
23
THE CONVENTION OF TALKING MACHINE JOBBERS
AT ATLANTIC CITY
(Spcelal to Lhe Revlew.) iF
AUautle Cily, N. J, July 7, 1909,
The members of the Natlonal Association of
VTalktug Machine Jobbers, and thele families, be-
kon arriving at Ainntte Cily on ‘Saturday, tn
order to gel the full denetit of dhe twoalay hol
day over July doand 6 Vhe erawd, shawever, did
nob reach bere unlit Pnesday morning and antl
Thursday night, when the: banquol’ was held at
the Shathurne, steaggtorg kopt drifting In,
van he plank of having fonty one meetlog daily,
giving the ni ning, oyer to pure enjoyment, was
Hikedity endorsed’ vy tho conventloners, Aflor
Iatcinst there: was a genernt exodus from the
cntronte | lo tile boardwalk, afoot or In chairs,
to the bench for a dip In the briny, to the inlet
for nl sall out to sen, or to one of the soveral
ners. In short, care was a forgotten factor and
pleasure held fall sway, ‘The presence of n nan
ber of charm Indles, wives and dangliters of
(he members, addled much to the onjoymenl of
mi, and before a day tind) passed tL were as
though one large family had met in rernton,
Messrs. Blackman and Buelin are to he con-
grauulated on the manner fu whieh the com.
mites of arrangements handed the general de-
fails, Svorything ran along as thongh ou datl-
hearings,
Tho presence of a muuber of representatives
of the Dig inanufacturers and Lhe Interest they
tmantfested tn tha proceedings was decidedly
easing to association members, who believe
that the future of the industry, depends to a
arent extent pon perfect larmony belween
manufacturer and Jobber,
Many sections of the country see represented
In the convention and (he feeling Is that even
the good revord of the past year will) be sur.
paissea by the work of (he twelve months to come,
Convention Comes to Order.
The second annual convention af the Natfonal
Assoclation of Talking Machine Jobbers was
eatied to order at the Hole) Chalfonle at 2.30
p.m, on Tuesday by President James Ff, Bowers,
with over half the membership of the erganiza-
tion present. 1
The reports of tho officers was the first busi-
ness taken up and President Bowers led with an
juleresting address, ns follows:
President Bowers’ Report.
“To the ofcers and members of the Nattonal
Association of Talking Machine Jobbers:
“Genlemen;—On this occasion, the second of
our annual gatherings, wo aro to be congratulated
on having reached (iis stago of our Journey, and
it is proper before golug further on our pilgrim
age to como together for instruction, caution
and advice concerning oe bustness ait Ms mony
delails and ramifications. he year just closed,
while pot entirely to our satisfaction, bas been
something better than its predecessor, and the
year opening holds promise of stl) better things.
We have gone through two grueling year and
a helter slate of affatrs wilt he welcomed by all
ofus, ‘The low of componsntion runs through all
{hings and our recent adversity is not an en-
firely unmixed evil, ‘The Association has, to an
extent, been tried by tire aud much of the dross
of the business burned away, There is not now,
nor bas there over been, say sound aud valid ren-
son for the fear of tho fulure of Ute trade, Let
me say to you that Ws future §s all before It,
Read carefully and ponder Choughttlly the ring.
ing ullernnes of the head of the Victor Co., Mr.
Johnson, on Us very topic. ‘There are, as there
always will he, doubling ‘Thomuses, bul we are
made of sterner stuf, Ie who datiles is a
dastard, he who doubts is damped.
“Our membership ts growing satisfactorily,
both In number and usefulness. Wo have brought
shout bettor conditions for the trade, Inrgely
throngh jhe kindly, prompt and encouraging
acquiescence of the great manufacturers In our
recommendations and suggestions, and to Unose
concerns our Uhanks are duc. 1 am satistied Unat
{he manufacturers are of a mind with us in
realizing: (hat ur ioterests ara mutual, and 1 Sure
(her betieva that Juat as Jong as we earry our
Association work along careful, reasoushio and
prudent Hnes, Just so Jong will wo liye the sup-
port and hearty cooperntion of the men whe
head the splendid concerns from whieh we draw
our supplies and much of our inspiration,
“The reports of your secretary, treasurer and
the chalriman of your various committees will
give the vilnl Blalisties of the organization aud
on these | wil) not intrude. [ congratulate you
on the possession of such men os your seeretary,
Mr, Porry B. Whitsit, your treasurer, Mr. Louls
Buehn, and the chateman of your press commit
teo, Mr. J. Neweomb Blackman, ‘le tho efforts
VERRY tt WIRTBIT,
‘The Newly-oteetou, President of Phe Natlonal Assoelation
of ‘Tathing Maching tobbers.
of these men Is lurgely due the position the As-
sociation holds to-day and also the lilgh regard
in which It fs held, f trust the deliberations will
be harmonious nnd satisfactory and result in the
stilt greater good of all concerned. Matters of
serlous moment will come up‘or discussion and
seltloment tnd these should recelve your best
wllention and most conseientlous consideration,”
Presklent Bowers’ remarks were heartily up:
plnuded dy the members,
Committee on Resolutions Report.
As ebatrman of the press committee, J. New-
comb Blackinan referred to thetr functions, and
that Uhe work was carried on with a& view of
interesting the members as well as (he nani
lurers, and to supply the newspapers with proper
(rformation for publication, so as to keep the
trade at large in douch. Ho slated thelr rela
tlous with the faclories were most amtcable,
Also as chalyniun of the resolutions commit-
tee, Mr. Blrelanan submitted quite a lengthy
report, derting malnly with the suggestions nade
fo the inanufachurers on Lokal of the assocta-
tion, the greater number of which were favor-
ably acted upon, He stated they had accom.
plished a good deal, not becauso it was requested,
bul heeause jt was asked for ln a proper way,
and that averylhing wns first carefully consi
ered before submission, Tho Victor Co, was
espectally commended Cor promptly granting the
usun) discount In double-dige records,
Mr. Blackinan then summarized (he results
galued by tho membership committes, and gall
that they had worked bard to make additions and
secure A large ahd representative attendances at
(he convention. ‘The program for tho diferent
days was explatned,
In Ts caminilica of arrangements roporl the
sito genUoman expressed tiueh pleasure ever
tho presence of Thomas A. Edison and We 18
Gihwore, former prestitent of the Natlonal Mhono-
graph Co, who lit been wrged to attend In order
to meet a host of slaneh friends, even If he and
rellred from the fleld, and who recognized In him
the “man who created the Rdlson business.”
Phe expected coming of President Johnson, of
the Victor Co, was Ukowlso mentloned in a
aimlar pleasing yeln, ‘Tho unavoldnble absence
of Emil Berliner, the Inventor, was referred to
with regret. ‘
The Secretary's Report.
Mr, Whitsit stated that a great dent of goad
had been accomplished by the Association during
(hea past year, aonmimber of concessions having.
been galned fron: the manufacturers and much
aceomplished for (he gener) henetit of the inem-
hers, The membership Increased from 11 to
(31 durhig the year Just past. ‘he varlous other
overs made equally pleasing reports, whereupon
tha meellng was continued ander the heading of
new Iusiness,
Sales on Instalments,
Hurlow a. Plevee, of the J. We Jenkins Sons
Munte ¢ Kansas City, Mo, read an interestins
Jeter regarding tbe question of (nerenshig (he
prices of talking intehioe outtty sold apon the
fnstalment plan, The question Involved erealed
considerable discusston mang Chose present and
IL was the general decision that Interest at least
should he charged on goods: sold on Instabnents
and the matter wlll be taken up wilt ihe manu
facturers by the exeentive committees at an early
date,
Record Lists Discussed.
The size of the reroed Usts now lasted was
also a gubjecl of discussion, the feeling helng
that the sts were too Jarge and responsible to a
xrent extent for the Inereassug surplus stock of
hoth Jobbers and denters,
Clearing House for Surplus Records,
it was also strongly suggested Chat seme plan
he devised for providing a clearing house for sur.
plus records by either the manufacturers or the
Association, While tlie members of the Associa.
{lon agree that the manufacturers have been
very Hberal In thelr treatment of the jobbers in
the past, nevertheless, surplus stock wlll accum-
mulnte through faulty Judgment In the selection
of records, Very often a cerliatin record Is ex:
pected lo prove an instantaneous “hii Some.
tines, however, IL proves only a maderato sellor
anit those jobbers who have stocked up slrongly
on a prophecy find practlenlly dead records on
thelr hands, which sell, however, In Just suMeieut
numbers to prevent the faclorles from discon:
tinulng them.
The matter was placed du the bands of the
executive committee that they may seenre data
nn optnions as to the beet sulution of the prob-
tom,
Protecting Outfits from Selzure.
Loulsy Jay Gerson, with Join Wanamaker,
Philadelphia, then read x paper strongly advocat-
Ing some action of the Assocation and its mem-
hers for the protection of kuking mnehine out"
White many .
fils from seizure for rent due, ete,
Slales exempt pianos and other musical instru.
ments from levy, yel oflen the talking machine
Is not fucluded. ,
Anolher short address read by Mr. Uerson dis-
cusseil the various phases of selling machines,
records, ete, on the inatalmont plan. He made
elenr the drawbacks of the syslem, as followed
now, ninklng practleal remedial suggestions,
NY. Music TRADE Review
7/10 fog
24, THE MUSIC TRADE REVIEW
ehlef of which advocated Increasing the price of
goods for the protection of sinall dealers unable
to Invest a great deal of capithl in thelr busines.
New Officers Elected,
Al the Weinesday meeting the following offt-
cers were elected for the ensuing year:
Porry B. Wiutsit, of the Porry B, Whitsit Co.,
Columbus, O., president,
+, Newcomb Blackman, of the Blackman Talk-
Ing uinchine Ca, New York, vleo-presldent.
J, C. Roush, of the Standard Talking: Machine
Co,, Pittsburg, Da, secretary,
Louis Buehn, of Ja Buehn & Bro, Philadelphia,
Pa, treasurer,
Uxecutlve Committee.—-12, b, ‘Taft, of tho Must
orn 'Tallhiug Machhie Co, Boston, Mass. 4. 1%
Bowers, of Lyon & Henly, Clucngo, th; Lawrence
McQreal, Milwaukes, Wis. Rudolph Wurlltzer,
of the Rudolph Wurlitzer Co. Clrelnnatt, 0.3 EL
Vi. Bush, of Uarger & Bish, Des Molues, Ja,
THURSDAY'S OPEN MEETING
Tho finn meeting of the conyentlon was held
on ‘Thursday afternoon, and was, as scheduled,
an opan meeting where those In tho trade, not
Jobbers, might belong up matters for consideration
and discussion, And be Il anid, the iden of an
open meeting was an decided success In every
sonse of the word, and the session was attended
hy over & hiutred assoclation mombors and thelr
friends. ‘Iho aneeting was called to order by
President Bowers, who called upon W, IL An-
drews Lo vel as chateman, Mr. Andrews stated
that first would be heard a number of papers by
PIDEN TD.
association members upon various subjects of
trade tnlerest, und suggested that the manufac:
lurers give thought to the various suggestions
and endeavor to carry them out If possibte.
Important Papers Read.
The trst paper was prepared and read by 3, I.
Tatt, of the astern ‘Calking Machine Co., Bes-
ton, the subject being “Che Value of Records
That Educate.” Mr. U'nft handled his subject in
an excellent manner, pointing out Just how Lal
ing maching records tended to ald both In musl-
ent aid general eduentional work,
W. F. Davison, of the Porry B. Whilsit Co.,
Columbus, 0., bad prepared a lengthy paper upon
“The Value of Stale Organizetions of Dealers,”
but owing to regrettable and unnvoldable clreum-
stances was unable to read {t. The paper will
appear, however, In the July 16 Issue of ‘The
TatkIng Machine World.
4H. Wi. DUsh, of Harger & Dish, Des Molnes,
Ia, followed in reading a paper upon the sub-
Ject, “Are the Interests of the Manufacturer,
Jobbor and Deater Identleal?” Mr, Bish han-
ded his subject in a very broad and able manu-
ner and showed very plotnly Just how the suc:
cess of any ono of the three factors hinged upon
the earnest co-aperntion of the other tivo.
As George C, Mickel, of the Nobraska Cyclo
Co, Omaha, Nob, was compelled to leave for
home before the meeting, his paper was read by
J. Noweomd Blackman, ‘Tho paper discussoid
“Tho Dest Work of a Factory Sutesman” Intell}
ently and at length and gave a clear iden of the
avorage Jobbor's oplulon on the subject.
Tho fast of the papers was prepared and read
by J. Newcomb Blackman, and was entitled
“Tho Future of tho Industry." Mr, Blackman’s
paper reflected the unbowaded aplmism of the
autor and practically stated that the Industry.
was hut In its infaney, Mr. Blackman also
brought up the question of higher prices, or at
Jenst Interest on Tislalment sales.
Frank L. Dyer Speaks,
‘Tho chalrman thon called upon Frank lL. Dyer,
Presldent of the National Phonograph Co, who
Ina short hupromptu address spoko of bis hay
Ing learned to esteem jobbers highly, during his
year as head of the Natlonal Co, the many new
friendships created, and the ald rendered hy the
Jobbers hu maklag lls work & preasure.
Mr, Dyer stated that he and the other officers
of the company wero deeldedly opthiislc re
garding the ontlools, had great faith in the phono.
Braph, were spending over $600,000 yenrly In nd:
vertlalog, rad expected business to Increase fully
f0 per cents daving the yoor ‘the COMPILE
How working on 2 tat of new goods to be pinced
on the murket shortly,
L. F. Gelssler's Remarks.
1. I. Geissler, of (ho Vielor ‘Talking Muchine
Co, then spoke In bohull of Nis concern, ex:
presshig frlendlIness for the jobbers and their
organization, willlngness to carry ont tho asso:
clation's recommendations wherever possible,
fund an earnest bellel In the future of the trade.
Mr, Golssler stated that the Victor Co, were
spending $600,000 fn new additions which would
be needed within a year, possibly by fall, and
dtated Chat there was already a 931% per cent.
Increase fe lnstness this year aver Inst, with
June hreatdug all records except for the same
Month of (07,
George W. Lyle Next Heard From.
Geo, W. Lyle, general omnnger of the Colun-
bin Phonograph Co, was next heard Crom, anil
declared that his company also looked for av
xtrong Increase tn bushiess during the combag
year, Me Lyte stated that there would he ne
changes in the Colunitila Co’ polleles, which
might he contined to three headings, 1.
xetusive territory for the sale of Columbia
Boods,
2. Deereustng the amouul of capital required
by jobbers and ‘dealers by lssulng double dise
records at a low price; and,
3 A 60 per cent. increase In advertising ap.
proprinvion,
The Other Speakers.
Nolson C. Durand, of the Edison Business
Phonograph Co,, and CG. 3. Goodwin, of the Na-
tlonal Phonograph Co. were next called upon
and made a few brief remarks.
OK. Dolbeer, of the same company, spoke
upon the Importance of jobbers getting logather
for tho protection of credits and eliminating dead
heals among the deaters; stated that tho Na
Uonal Phonograph Co. were going to Increngo
tholr advertising, and made a conservative estl-
minte that the severnl big companies had spont
over $1,500,000 in advertising during the year,
Henry C. Brown, advertising manager for the
Victor ‘Talking Machine Co., then gave brit
talk ou the Importance of salesmanship and Its
cullivation. L. CG. McChesney, advertising man-
ager for the Nattonal vhonograph Co., and Geo.
P, Metzger, holding the same position with the
Columbia Co,, also expressed thelr views as ad-
yertising men, Geo. D. Ornstein, sales manuger
for the Victor Co, nddressed the jobbers in
replying to Mr, Mickel’s paper, and stated that
the success of factory salesmen depends in a
Inrge extent on the co-operation of the jobbors
and thelr sales forces,
M. A. Carpell, enstorn representative of tho
Herzog Art Furniture Co, and Clement Beecroft,
of the ‘Ten ‘Tray Co., Newark, N, J., manufactur:
ers of taking ntachine horns, also spoke upon
tho outlook from tho viowpolnt of the supply man.
Other i y
* Before tho MO, Seen
was made to Baue upon ‘ue TCA “pine” “or
poxt year,
Jas. (* Bowers proposed Atlantic Clty as boing
In close proxhnlity to the factorles,
Max Strausburg, of Grinnell Bros. Detroit,
strongly recommended that clly as bolng con-
frally located and convenient for western job-
bars, while Mred G. Graves, of Portland, Ore.,
exlemled a cordial Invitation to make that elly
next convention headquarters,
A tunendment was Uercupen made and enr-
riod to the effect (hat tho seeralary be Instracted
to seeuve the opInton of mombers regarding a
suftable meeting place within thirty days,
All business. belng disposed af, the aincoting
was adjourned, tho membors and friends prepar-
Ing for the banquet at the Hotel Shelburne In
the evening, proveded by a general reception
from 6.30 to 7.30 pan, wilh Thomas A, Hdison
as the piu of the hour,
THE BANQUET THURSDAY NIGHT.
Thomas A. Edison the Gucst of Honor at a De-
Nightful. Banquet at the Shelburne—James
F. Bowers Acts as Toastmaster--L. Fe
Geissler Reads a Paper Prepared by Mr.
dJohnson—Addresses by Paul H. Cromelin,
R. G. Royal, Wm. E. Gilmore and Others.
(Speetat to The Revtow.)
Allantle Cily, N July 8, 1900,
‘The clostug event of tho second annual conyen-
Hon of the Nationat Assoclation of ‘athing Ma-
LOUIS RYE! REABURER,
ching Jobhers was the banquet held this (Thurs
day) eventng fa the beautiful rose garden of the
Ifotel Shelburne, at which Thomas A. 1dison,
without question the leading ght of the bdus-
dry, was guest af honor. Me Edison arrived late
ju the afternoon froin Orange da his autemoblite,
tu held a reception In the parlors of the Shol-
burne front 6.10 to 7.30 o'clock, the banquet com-
anenelag ‘shortly alter, Desplta his well-known
rellrlug disposition, Mr. Edison appeared to
#rently enjoy mecting the Jobbers, thelr families
tnd Uielr friends as they wero presented by
KK. Dolheer, sales manuger of the Natlonal
Phonograph Co.
Over a hundred genticmen and Iadies sat down
fo an excellent dinnor, after which President
James 7. Bowers, who acted as donslmaster, made
a few Introductory remarks in a happy vein and
proposed a toast to Mr, Edison, which was drunte
_ standing amid much enthusiasm, Mr. Edison hav-
ing been clecled an honorary Ifo member of the :
Jobbors' Assoelalion enrlter in tho dny,
Owlng to the unavoldable abscnee of Bkdredge
R. Johnson, president of the Victor Talking Ma-
thine Co, Louls i, Geissler, general manager of
tha company, was entled upon to read na paper
prepared by Mr, Johnson, wherein he spoke of
NY masic TRAGE Kenic) 7)h0
the fiture of the industry fie most opthulstle
vet, and reviewed the past werk of the Vietor
Co. ii tt very (iferesting: manner,
Paul TW. Crometin, vice-president of tle Go.
Jumble Phonograph Co, was the next speaker,
iumd outilned the past rand presont enreor of his
company na denglly and well-balnneed address,
foNowlng the develomment of the Cohunbin mae
chines anit records step by slap.
A Teller brimful of good wihahes and optimism
from Leow ff. Douglas, vice-president of the Vie-
lor Co, whe fs now on the Paciile Coust, was
then rend hy Charles Kk, Undion, followlng whieh
W. 2B, Gitmore, formerly president of the Nas
Uonal Phonograph Co, but now engaged In other
fietds, was entied to his feet, sinkl mach en-
Chaslasn, and made a few pleasant remarks of
remlniscent character,
Branchtig from the representatives. of the
nianiiaeturers, the toastmuster ealled upon Ted-
ward Lyman BU, peblisher of Tho Talking Mia.
ehIne World and he Aluste ‘trade Toevlew, who
iu a short Improniptn address dwelt upon the
value of the lado press to the Industry and
the powor Uint could be exerelsert by tha dobbers'
Association for tha good of the trate hy stand
lox shoulder to shoulder ag a body,
Fotiowing Mr. BI, J. Newcomb Blackman
real a letter addressed py lim to iui) Berliner,
the noted Inventor, and also the happy reply
from Mr. Berliner, expressing lis regrets at
being unable to attend, he at the present tine
being on a Buropean trip, .
R. G. Royal, prestdent of the Universal ‘Tale
ing Machine Co. was next Introduced, and ina
few well chosen words wisned tho association
long life and prospority,
Thos, HW. Macdonald, manager of the Columbia
Phonograph Co.'s factory at Bridgeport, Conn,
(hen ‘addressed the banqueters upon “The Future
of the Talking Machine,” stating that the ruture
is Judged by the past; gave the history of the
talking xinchine slnee 1779, when tho fdea of
such a machine was first mado pablic. Mr
Macdonald's speech was interesting, every line
Of It, and No potnted out tho future In an educa:
tonal and selentifle rather than a commercial *
sonse, In 0 way that added to the courage of :
those vilatly interested, ‘the speaking had natu:
rally consumed considerable time, and when Mr
Macdonald had ftnlshed, the louslinnster pro.
hounced a feeling benediction, and the second
annual convention of the National Association
of Talking Machine Jabbers stood adfourned,
List of Members and Guesta.
Louls Buehn amt pd Buel, bonis Muehi &
Bro., PHVadelphta; W. HM, Royniutis, Moblic, Ala;
Charles 23, Bayloy, of John Pills & Co, Wash-
fugton, D. CG) Lawrence MeGreal, Milwaukeo,
Wis.; I. Davegn, New York; J. . Corloy, Cabie
Piano Company, Richmand, ¥. BR, Kisawlel:
Benjamtuy ', Neal, of Neat, Clark & Neal Co,, But.
Talo; Marks Silveratono, SRverstoue Talking.
Machine Co, St, Louls, Mo. Oo A, Gressing ant
da aA, Cummings, St. Louls Talking Machine
Co, St Louis; mp, Tafl, astern Talktag
Machine Co,, Hioston; J. Miseber, GC, CG. Mettor
Co, Ltd, Pittsburg, Pa; il. F, Mitler, Penn |
Phonograph Co,, Philadelphia; Nip, Grinin, :
Amerlean Phonograph Co,, Gloversyilie; Jt, EL!
Morris, Amerlean Talking Machine Co, Brooklyn;
Wa, A. Misenbrandt, H.R, Bisenbrandt & Sons,
Baltimore; H. Ww, Weymann, It, A, Weyinann &
Son, Phitadetphin; Rudolph
Rudolph = Wurtitzer Co.,
Chicago; Nowton Baehnach, N. Snetlenberg &
Co,, Philadelptla; 4. 1, Swanson, Houston Phono.”
graph Co., Houston, Tex.; W. BP, Davison, Perry:
H. Whitslt Co; Morris J. Peters, of G.
GC. Aschbaeli, Allentown, Pa; James B, Bowers
aud Ll. OG. Wiswell, Lyon & Henly, Chi+,
tengo; 'H. L. Royer, M. Stelnort & Sons Co.,;
Boston; W. 0. Pardee and FE, Sutiman, the!
Pardee-Mltenberger Coy I. a. Roush and GC. Mj
Roush, Standard Talking Machine Co, Pittsburg,
Pay HL Bilsh, Marger & Bush, Dubuque, Ia;
CG. N. Andrews, W. 0. Andrews, Buffalo; W. H.
Andrews, Syracnse, N. Yu ted A, Slemon,
Rudolph Wurlitzer Co., Chicago; H.R. Skelton,
“J, A, Postar Co., Providence, RL; 6, B, Haynes,
Wurlitzer, the .
Cinelnnall, 0. and’
of
GB. Unaynes & Co Richmand, Vay Gea. 1,
Mickel, Nebrasla Gyelo Ca, Omaha, Neb; Perry
8, Whitsll, tho Porry 13, Whitsll Con; Max Straus:
burg, Grinnell Bros, Detroit, Mich; Louls J.
Gerson, Jolin Wannuuaker, Vhiladetphla; Charles
1. Dean, John M, Dean, Lowell, Mnss.; G, W.
IHekok, Whitney & Currter Co., Voledo, O.; HN,
MecMenimen, Shelp & Vatulorgrift, Ine, Phila:
lelphia; Carl A, Droop and Clarence FB. Goro,
13, F°, Droop & Sons Co., Washington, D. G.; WR.
Pulghum, Victor Tatking Machine Co., Camden,
N. 3 GT. Williains, New York Talking Mae
chine Co, New York; Clement Heceroft, the Ten
Tray Co. Newark, Nv op We A. Lawrence,
Slaudard Metal Mfg. Co., Newark, N. 4.3 Nelson
BH. Darand, Edison Business Phonograph Co.,
Oruige, No; Noweomb Ilackanan, IMackiuan
Taling Machine Co. New York; George 2, Orn-
steln, Vietor Latking Machine Co., Cainden, N, J;
WC, Dolbeer, National Phonograph Co,, Orange,
N, 1.3 Mdward Lyman Bul, the Talklug Machine
World, New York; 1 Poinberg, Columbin Co.
New York; LG. McChesney, National Phono.
graph Co, Orange, Noo ds WHIlam Wornor,
Kuslon, Pa; Oliver Jones, Victor ‘Valktugy Ma-
chine Co, Camden, Nod. Fred W. Graves, Graves
Mute Co, Portland, Ore; Lawrence aI, Lucker,
Minnesata: Phonograph Co, Minneapolis, Mian;
1. 1% Vallquet, Newark, N. J,
Among the Ladies Present,
Mrs. Louls Buehn, Mra, Lawrence MeQGreal,
Miss Gortrude F, Gannon, Mrs, HH, ‘att, Mrs,
i. C. Wiswell, Mrs, Fred A, Siemon, Miss Stran-
burg, Mrs, Clement Beecroft, Mra. W. A.
Tawrenee, Mrs, J. Newcomb Blackman, Master
Jack MecGreal was also much In evidence as
“among those present.” ;
rs o
ee,
IPHOTOCOPY]
Reeeewinig
ee
‘7JOBBERS VISIT NATIONAL PHONOGRAPH CO.
Entertalned at Sumptuous Luncheon at Essex County Country Club—Foltowing Convention at
Atlantic Clty—Delighted With Courtesies Extended Them,
A very pleasing finale to the convention. was
” planned by F, KX, Dolbeor, general sales manager
of the National Phonograph Co. A large num-
ber of delegates and thelr wives left Atlantic
Clty on the 9.20 train on Friday morning,
Upon reaching Newark a string of automobiles
met the party at the Pennsylvanin depot and con:
veyed them to the Essex County Country Olub at
Orange, Here a sumptuous luncheon had been
prepared through telegraphic orders from Mr.
Dolbeer.
The Essex County Country Club is known all
tor; Carl H. Wilson, ‘general mannger of tho com: , a
panies, and others,
The guests were Mr. and Mrs. L, C, Wiawoll
and Mr, and Mrs. RA Slemon, Chicago, 111;
Mr. and Mrs. B, F. Taft, Boston, Mass; C. 2.
Haynes, Richmond, -Va.; J. C. Roush and C. M.
Roush, . Pittsburg, Va.; William Pardee, New
Haven; FB, H, Silverman, New Haven; H. R.
Skeldon, Providence, R. F ad B. Ogien, Lynch-
burg, Va; T. H. Towel, Cleveland, 0.; B. J.
Pierce, Kansas Clty, Mo.; CH Droop and C, B.
Gore, Washington, D. C.; James Fletcher, Pitts:
LUNCHEON TENDERED JOUMERS BY NATIONAL PMLONOURALIE CO,
over the country aud a beautiful repast was ar-
ranged, The tables were prettily decorated,
After the luncheon the party was taken to the
Edison. works, where a couple of hours were
passed In Inspecting the plant.
There were & number in the party who had
not previously visited the Edison works, and
they expressed much astonishment at thelr sizo
and equipment.
After a most enjoyable and Instructive tour of
the factorles the guests of Mr. Dolbeer left ‘for
home,
Among those who assisted Mr. Dolbeer in en-
. tertaining were Frank L. Dyer, president of the
National Phonog¥apn Co-2. Alfonzo Westee, audi.
burg, Pa.; Mr. and Mrs, C. N. Andrews, Buffalo,
N.Y.; Mr. and Mrs. J. Gorson, Philadelphia, Pa.;
P. B. Whitsit and W. IF, Davison, Columbus, 0,;
Mr. and Mrs. J. Newcomb Blackman, East
Orange; Isaxe Davega, Jr, New York Clty; Ben-
Jamin Neal, Buffalo, N. Y.; Mr. and Mrs, Law-
rence McGreal, Master Jnck McGreal and Miss
Gertrude Gannon, Milwaukee, Wis.; Mr. and Mrs,
Edwin Buehn, Philadelphia, Pa.; Mark Silver-
“stone, St, Louis, Mo.; C. W. Hickok, Toledo, 0.;
J, N. Swanson, Houston, Tex.; Victor H. Rapke,
New York City; N. D. Griffin, Gloversville, N. Y.
The guests were inuch pleased with the entertain-
ment planned by Mx, /Dolbeer and the admirable
ninnner Inawhlen ti% Program was carried out,
HAWTHORNE & SHEBLE CREDITORS.
Meeting Called for the Purpose of Considering
Some Important Matters.
Joseph Mellors, referee in bankruptey, 628 Wal-
nut street, Philadelphia, Pa., ins sent out the
followlng communication under date of July ¥, to
the creditors of the Hawthorne & Sheble Mfg.
Co.:
“You are further notified that the meeting to
be held at my office on July 20, 1909, at 10.80
a. m,, is called to consider the acceptance of a
Proposition for the purchase of the plant of the
bankrupt at Bridgeport, Conn., to’ consider also
the advisability of authorizing an appeal from
the decree of the United States Cfireult Court
for the Westorn District of Michigan in the case
o’ the Victor Talking Machine Co., et al, agalnat
the Duplex Phonograph Co., and to consider also
n petition for leave to continue the operation of
tho Philadelphia plant by the trustee.”
REVIEW IS READ IN MEXICO.
That The Review is read closely and entire
credence given {tg reports is freshly Mlustrited
by a recent fetter received from the Clty of
Mexico. The ngent of n certain Mine loeated
there, but who deals direct with the European
factory as regarda shipment of stock, prices, etc.,
was disturbed by a statement that a change, ema-
nating from the branch in New York, was con-
templated. Explanations wero requested and
promptly glven and the incident was closed,
Someone got twisted, but not The Review, hence
the demand for more light, as the printed story
was accepted without question as a true presen-
tation of facts,
GEISSLER DISCUSSES CONVENTION.
General Manager of Talking Machine Co., Chi-
cago, Enthuslastic Over Jobbers' Convention.
(Special tothe: Review.)
Chicago, IN, July 12, 1909.
Arthur D. Geissler, general manager of the
Talking Machine Co, of this clty, is the first
of the Chicagoans to return from the jobbers’
convention at Atluntle Clty, In a chat with
‘Tho Review representative he sald:
“The convention was a success, Unfortunately
T was unable to attend any of the business meet-
ings, but I know that things were accomplished
there for the future good of the talking machina
busiiiess, ‘
‘ “Atlantic Clty was tdenl, Everyone made a
vacation of his sojourn. The banquet, of course,
was’ the crowning event of the mecting, I have
never seen such an array of satellites of the
talking machine world.as were gathered at the
ee speakers’ table,
“Tks ‘gust of honer ‘and the star of the eve-
ning was Thomas A. Edisop.—By the way, ho {s
the most sturdy and uifabte wan’ T have ever met,
when you consider the long chain of achteve-
ments he has crowded into his sixty-two years,
With Mr. Edison representing the Natlonal
Company were Mr, Dyer, Mr. Wilson, Mr. Dol-
beer and Mr, Goodwin. On the other side were
Mr, L. F. Geissler, Mr, Haddon, Mr, Royal, Mr.
Cromelin, Mr, MeDonald and Mr, Gilmore.
“Mr, Gilmore's presence at the banquet proved
a very pleasant feature and his rising to answer
the call for a speech cticited the most enthusins-
tie and prolonged applause of the evening.
His speech was characteristic of the men—a big,
broad, natural tatk.
“Mr, Dyer'’s speech and Mr, Johnson's paper,
which was read by Mr. l. F, Geissler, were both
Productive of a great many statements which
showed the cordlallty existing between tho Edl-
son and Victor companies,
“Certainly when you come to think that this
convention was but the second meeting of the
talking machine jobbers, when you studied the
character of the men at the speakers’ table, who
have been responsible for the manufacturing of
the goods, when you looked over the class of
men representing them at the surrounding tables
and the number of them, one could not help but
think what a wonderful industry our business is
and how wonderful fts strides have been, con-
sidering that st is ag yet an jnfant industry,
“The consensus of opinion of those present was
that the future holds much in store for us, that
the Immediate prospects for a general revival
of the business fs good, that the relations be-
tyeen jobher and manufacturer are to-day more
eagant than in ever and co-operation is now some
thing nore then a dream.”
FRANK L. DYER TO EUROPE,
Saturday tagt Frank L. Dyer, president of the
National Phonograph Co., Orange, N. J. sailed
for Burope via the Cunard Line., His family pre-
ceded him a couple of days, Mr. Dyer deferring.
Nila departure so as to be present at the banquet
of the National Association of Talking Machine
Jobbers at Atlantle City, N. J, in the evening
of July 8, he, Thomas A. Rdlsonermni C. H, Wil-
son, general mannger of the company, making
the trip from Orange by automobile, Mr. Dyer
WH be back in’ September, and he goes purely
for’ pleasure and recreation.
The export department of the Columbia Phono-
graph Co., General, has signed two new jobbers
In the Clty of Mexico this week. Of course, they
Will be tributary to the Mexican branch -house.
Ench of tho concerns placed an Initial order of
$3,000.
——
a
et aa
84. a ’
THE MUSIC TRADE REVIEW
There Is a Future For the
2 TalKing Machine Business.
By ELDRIDGE R, JOHNSON, President of the Victor Talking Machine Co.
(Read by Louis F, Geissler at the recent Convention of the National Association of Talking Machine Jobbers.)
There is nothing whatever astonishing In the
development of the talking machine business;
there Ja nothing abnormal in its growth 60 far;
and It has not yet reached its maturity. Thirty:
two strenuous years have passed sluca ‘Thomas
A. Edison first exhibited. tho new-born Infant,
destined to become a now Industry; and because
of the birth of this great art that porfod will
be a Inndmark for future historians when they
write the marvelous account of the goclal, politt-
cal and industrial progress of the age in which
we are now Hving—an age that will shine out In
tho history of a thousand years as the beginning
of the balance of human affatrs,
The Talking Machine’s Great Future.
Heretofore humanity has been too much en-
srossed with {ts more serfous affairs, and wo are
now beginning to learn that we must play us well
as work. People are asking themselves, “To
what purpose do we live?” The trade union ery
of “Bight hours’ work, ‘eight hours’ play, and
elght hours’ sleep” fs no Idle dream; nor is it a
privilege for which people who worlswith thelr
hands are alone contending, The world !s going
to work less and play more; this is the tendency
of tho times. Tho talking machine, therefore, It
it can only help us in our plny—and St can really’
do many other things—has a great future,
It has certainly now reached a stage in its de-
velopment when it can safely be classed ag one
of the greatest of intellectual amusements; - it
now appenls to the Intelligence. Tho talking
machine is a part of the affairs of the human
race—it has a destiny—it has come to stay. No
one can expect unqualified success jn any enter-
prise or undertaking; there will always bo ups
and downs, but I hope that during my life and
business experlonce no depression in the talk-
ing machtne business less dificult to oxplain
than the present depression will occur,
The panic of 1907 and {ts effect on the talking
machine trade must be taken as a matter of
course. It ts nothing but an incident, and is
really, when viewed from the proper standpoint,
most encouraging, indeed. The Victor Co, has
suffered only about as have the well-regulated
standard industries, such as steel and the elec-
trical business. This fs ample proof - without
further reasoning that the talking machine 1s
now n standard commodity, because the world
makes use of panic periods to rid {tself of use-
less fncumbrances. That ix what panics are for.
The {net that the reliable talking machine com-
panics all over the world have passed through
this panic successfully shows that the talking
machine business 1s net marked for elimination.
It proves that talking machines are useful; the
world is not tired of-them, :
Edison's Phonographic Fame Impertshable.
In further support of my asserlfon that the
business has not yet grown up, consider the elec-
trical development during the last forty years,
Franklin 136 years ago called the wor!'s atten-
tion to the possibility of electrical magnetism,
but he gave us far Jess satisfactory material for
the creation of the new industry than Mr. Edison
handed us with his first Instrument.
Both Franklin and Edison did a great thing,
such as does not happen often even when com-
puted In proportion to the history of the human
race—they initiated each a new Industry and
art, Mr. Edison has done many other wonderful
things, but as ihe fnventor of the talking ma-
chine he wil! be identified in the long ages to
come, nnd the talking machine will, ns will his
fnme, endure so long as men inhabit the earth.
The talking machine Is great among the great
inventions—It will last. Id{fson and the talking
machine are inseparable In fame. :
The world waited longer for the infant indus-
try of electricity to find itself than it has waited
for the talking machine business. Blectricat de-
velopment passed through the childhood of toy
estate just ag the talking machine did. It be-
came & half-grown child, most all play but pre-
disposed to serious affairs, as is the talking ma-
chine at this very moment; it passed on and has
gradually grown Into a husky youth with all the
vigor and glorious progpocts of youth, exactly
as the talking machine busines fs golng to Brow
and exactly as the ousiness ia now growing.
The novolly and wonder of the talking ma-
chine, which has heretofore been an important
factor in the matter of gelling, has been losing
force rapidly for the Inst flve years, This per-
fectly natural and healthy change has glven
Mirth to tho question, “Will talking machines go
out of use?” Atl the great arts, when new, have
gone through exactly the same process and
change. P. T. Barnum, about thirty years ago,
billed an olectric are Hight as one of the chief
attractions of his “Greatest Show on Earth.”
Did the business of electric Ighting go out when
Barnum found it no Jongor ay attracts -srovelty?
Read the answer sn the almust Incomrehensible
BLDINDGE hk. JONSON,
figure of total capitalization of electric ght and
power companies.
Passing Out of the Stage of Novelty.
Tho talking machine Is passing out of the
stage of novelty, and, like the electric and other
lines, this will prove a step in advance. They
have a use; they fll a long-felt want; and in the
place of buying for curiosity tho public are now
buying for a purpose. Thia fs aubstaut{ial busi-
ness, This ts where we ber,4o understand that
the business is not o joke. This Is where the
matter of quality assumes its proper proportion.
Don't forget the business Jy young—-very young.
It took the wortd nearly one hundred years to
find a practical use for electricity after Frank-’
lin discovered the elements of {ts control.
‘We are now probably very close to the thresh-
old of important developments in our history,
and¥it Js to the development of the art that we
must look for our future prsperity; we cannot
stand still. There should be no toleration of
the degrading practices of price cutting, nor
will such practlees become more than a passing
incident In the history of the art for many years .
to come. ‘The firm that deals {n quality will
always find a market for its wares, regardless of
the matter of price, providing the price 1s fair;
and the firm that prostitutes its business’ and
sacrifices Its future to the enterprise of price
cutting will find Itself left by the wayside,
stranded by its own foollsh short-sightedness.
Goods should be sold as low ag will yleld a
profit to a progressive, well-paid organization for
manufacturing and selling, wholesale and retall,
all the way through until they reach the hands
of the customer, A successful enterprise must
be a good thing for all who have to do with It.
Tho ontorprigo that tries to “hog” all the profit
is golng to be unpopular, Public opinion will
turn against them, I belleve the improvement
in the art will advance too fast for the infamy
of prico cutting and sweat shop methods to find
a lodgment.. It 1a elenrly the duty and beat
policy that the trade turn its face hard againgl
such firms that show tho black flag of plracy of
patents or the yellow spots of cut prices.
Touching on and Appertaining to Patents.
Patents are a most waeful and the most potent
means of maintaining prices toa fair and whole
some level. They can never be used to do more
untess the holders of the same are short-sighted.
Tho punishment in such cases ustally file the
erlme, as any attempt to hold prices to an un-
reasonable level, through tho means of a patent,
reduces the yolume of trade and the enterprise
is, therefore, strangled In Its Infancy.
The world can generally get along without a
particular patent; the public are good appratsers;
they want the benefit of the new Idea, but they
must have {t at p.reasongble price or they will
refuge to use it ‘In any“great quantity, Neces-
sary commodities can never he controlled by pat-
ents, therefore the public are independent of the
patent question. While they always welcome an
improvement, they are capable of getting along
without it as they did before it came, and they
certainly will if a “hold-up man” comes around
using his patent ns a gun.
Falr prices are a necessity to the healthy con-
dition and progress of any line of trade, and the
trade should fully co-operate in their matnte-
nance. He who destroys this healthy condition
‘for the sake of temporary gain is an enemy to
all who work for the betterment and uplift of
mankind, and the time Is coming when such
selfishness will be recognized as solfishness and
when Jegislation and judicial power will not be
in its favor, as it is to some oxtent at present.
Tt will not always have the sympathy of the
courts,
There are merchants who say, “We could nake
better purchases {if there were more manufac.
turers of talking machine goods; the system of
established and maintained prices in the busl-
ness glves us no chance to reap the benefit of our
genius as buyers, it is all cut and dried for us,”
This 1s true, but this plan of selling goods Is a
square dent and the advantages of selling far
outwelgh the disadvantages of buying. It is cer-
talnly true that if there were a larger number of
manufacturers there would be a larger number
of merchants trying to sell the same kinds of
goods. In other words, the goods would be
easier to buy but harder to sell and profits much
less,
Quality as a Means of Competition.
Patents on talking machines can never be more:
than a reguintor; the talliing nfachine manufac: -
turers should respect @ch other patents; there
{gs always more than one way to do the same
thing. The manufacturers should try to excel
in quality as a means of competition rather than
to devote themselves to 2 war of destructive
prices, The man who says, “Give me a license
or I will destroy your patent” is a hold-up man
just as much as was Jesse James—nn enemy to
all, When people take this position with the
Victor Co. St menns a war to the death; there Is
no other way. r
Quite a number of firms have taken this’ path
of commercial suicide within the Iast four or
flve years. In the matter of disputes on patents
the trade generally know who the Infringers are,
and if they do not it would pay them to geta
good; responslble patent Jawyer to point out the
truth; it will cost far less than to havo their
stock of goods enjoined by the courts, Tho in-
ventor wins out by far the greatest number of
times; at least the Victor Co.'s inventors do;
and manufacturers who Inck thd Initiative to
—_
——
THE MUSIC TRADE REVIEW oe
create and therefore prey upon the works of
others ara never safe people to tie up to.
Tho competition between the Edlgon Co, and
the Victor Co. ling so far been ideal, It hns beon
n question of quality, commercial organization
and falr dealing, and in our efforts to excel cach
other in this respect I am sure we have cone
exch other much good. We have greatly en-
Jarged the Industry; we have Improved tho qual-
ity and:demand for the goods and have created
& prosperous condition for all interested. Cer-
(aitly the trade has been moro greatly bene-
fited during this perfod than at any other time,
and, to a great extent, does the prosperity of the
trade as It 1s now composed, depend upon the
maintenance of this wholesomo and commend-
able relation as between the two companies.
Victor and Edison Companies Genuine Rivals.
There fs no vital question of dise versus cylin-
der. Let tha Victor Co, keep to the dise and
the Edison keep to tho cylinder; one side of the
question !s enough for one manufacturer; there
{is an inexhaustible opportunity to improve both,
such as will absorb the energy of tho respective
organizations 50 long as a single present mem:
ber shall live, no matter if all of us lve to far
exceed the records of human longevity, ‘Tho
little ads, in the daily papers, which offer both
the Victor and the Faison goods by the same
firm, strike me as belng potent winners of bust-
ness. The Victor and Bdlson companies have no
commercial understanding; they haye no con-
tract of alllance, but they are natural allies.
The disc and cylinder trade forces can bo made
to balance each othor In the long run by Indepen-
dont and Hberal management on both sides, 1t
fs not unilkely that the scales of the situation
may from timo to time show an advantage in
favor of one or the other; but so long as the
organizations retain thelr respective Indepen-
dence, ability and fairness, the advantage to
either one or tho other will be but temporary
and only serve ag a spur to cause the loslig one
to make a greater effort to regain ils lost ground,
{ am sure that the Victor Co. will always be
satisfied with the portion of the aise; we shalt
never sell so many, but as they bring more, per-
haps it will average up to a satisfactory figure
in the end.
I do not consider that olther the double-sided
alse record or the doubling of the thread of the
cylinder record will fnerease tho gale of talking
machine goods. No doubt there is a certain
economic advantage In some Instances secured by
the use of tha above devices, but the articles
will not prove themselves as contributing to the
progress of the art, according to my optnion.
The Improvements, if they ean be classed as
such, are purely economic, and whatever advan-
tage they hold, if any, will be absorbed by the
public eventually, with smalt thanks, and the
talking machine manufacturers will be no better
off than they were before their introduction; but
there will be a huge bil for the cost of tha
change to pay,
The Victor's Opinion of Double Discs.
These fiuprovements Have, of course, the ade
vantage of glying the public twice as much of
the same thing for a very little more money,
but I really believe that the public would much
prefer to have the same quantity as they had -
before and pay the same price if they could
get it of a higher quality. You cannot increase
the attendance at the theater simply by lengthen-
Ing the tlme of the play; at least you could not
increase the attendance permanently in this way.
Generally, however, you can depend upon an in-
crease Jn attendance by increasing the quality
of the play staged,
Therefore, 1 conclude that while the public
may to a certain extent tnke advantage of the
bargain of more goods for their money, they
will spend no more money than they did In the
first place. Shoutd we, however, offer them bet-
ter goods for the same money or even for more
money, they would be far more likely to in-
crease their investments In talking machines,
The ultimate success and aAdyancoment of the
talking machine trade depends. as much upon
maintaining a standard of the porsonnel of the
trade to Ligh ideas as it docs upon the power of
the manufacturers. Do not snap at the first
chenp thing that bobs up and down In your range
of vision—there is sure to be a hook in ft.
I have often heard the question asked and dis-
cussed, “Will the talking machine trade meet
tho fate of the bicycle?” ‘The bicycle business Is
today, I believe, fairly prosperous; but the
bicycle did not come into existence ns a naw art,
as did the olectrical business and the talking
machine business; it grew up slowly from the
velocipede of forty or fifty yearg ago. When
ball bearings and pneumatic tires were intro-
duced the bicycle recetved such a tremendous
impetus that it temporarily outgrew = ttselr.
Thore was, I belteve, a short perlod in which it
was considered practically dormant. “It was far
from a dead one, however; [t bobbed up agaln
in the form of the automobile, What really
happened was that the bicycle evolutionized it-
self into the automobile, The panic has not yet
even checked thls youngster; there ts a boom in
automobiles; the good ones are hard to get.
Not a Fad, But a New Art.
Is it not, therefore, plain to all that the talie
mg machine ts not a fad, but a-new art, a now
Industry, just ‘emanging. from ‘Its childhood? It
will eventually take its place among the stand-
ard arts and Industries, just the same as did tho
printing press, the flying shuttle, the steam en-
gino and the electric dynamo, Indead, the talk
ing machine has closely followed the history of .
many of tho Industries from thelr birth all
through the comparative stages of thelr develop-
ment go far as the talking machine has gone.
From ‘the past and its wealth of-Infallible ex-
perlence we must judgo the future, and because
of this, as well as because of the many enconr-
aging signs of the times, the future looks good
to me.
Tho business uiust grow for many, many years
to come. You can pin your falth to it; ft wilt
absorp all the Hves and energies of the men who
are at present engaged In [t, and I have not the
slightest donbt but that our children’s children
will bo busy at the many problems which must
be unraveled before it can be considered as per:
fect, before it can be cnlled grown up or stand:
ardized, A thing Is not Ikely to stop durin?
lus natural growing stage.
Prospects for the coming fall look good; but,
while I expect a rapld and healthy development,
I do not expect a boom, and hopo thero will be
none. It is very ovident, owoever, that the
enterprising jobber or dealer can prepare for the
coming fall and winter with conflaence that for
whatever energy, effort or capital he may Invest
in his talking machine business he will recelye
a substantial roturn, The time has now arrived
when the trade can tall “quality” in the matter
of talking machino goods. It is 30 much more
potent and satisfactory that the mero matter of
price, especially when there Is go little differ.
ence between the cost ot the highest quality
goods and the lowest quallty,
Public, Beginning to Discriminate.
Tho public are beglining to discriminate, and
when they. learn their lessons fully, which will
be soon, quality will be of more Importance, In
talking machine goods than In any other Mne.
Many people sell pianos at a difference in price
of $200 or $300, based entirely on tone quality.
There should, theretore, be very Uttle dliculty
in solling talking machines for $10, $60 or $100
more, or talking machine records for a fow
cents more when the difference is based on a
tone quality that ts far greater than oxists as
between the best piano made and the poorest
one.
My lne of reasoning will stand all the tests
of crossexamination, and the business is all
right, but we can only reach our gon) quickly
through the energy and co-operation of our jJob-
bers and dealers. Give talking machines more
attention; they will repay ail the time devoted
to them. Create the business do not walt for It.
Consider the Insurance business, seo what they
Nave done, ..There is an example of energy and
an example of tho fruits of energy. Some of the
companies do so much business that they havo”
to be stopped by Inw. Yet [t is possible to sell
& talking machine wherever a life or flro insur-
Anee policy is sold. Still statistics show that
only a small portion of those who should do so
carry insurance. Look at the automobile busi-
ness, They say they are going to sell 200,000 this
coming twelve months How many talking ma-
chines would that energy sell, and how much
more profitable and continuously profitable are
talking machines than automobiles.
Mr. Johnson Regrets Belng Absent.
I can safely advise the trade. Realize what
is hefore you and take the great opportunity.
It pays to work intelligently. Astonishing things
me possible, Even the whole world was con-
quered once. Alexander was history's greatest
exaniple of energy and zeal. He even had some
hustle left over when his job was finished,
There Is nothing to worry about. Tho future fs
fut! of cream. Hustle and the world is yours,
In closing, I would express my sincere re-
srets that circumstances do not permit of my
being with you on this occasion, and I would
extend you the hand of good-feuowship with my
sincere thanks for the parts that you have alt
played In the pleasant and rapld advancement
of our industry.
Relations of the Factory to the Jobber.
SSI eee ¢
By FRANK L. DYER, President of the Natlonal Phonograph Co.
{Address delivered ug Mr, Dyer al the recent Convention of the Nostional.Assoc’stion of Talking: Machine Jobbers.).
Mr. President and Gentlemen—The subject
which has been assigned to me thls evening is
“The Relations Between the Factory and the
Jobber.” I presume, of course, that this means
the relations which should exist between them,
and I think, In speaking for the National Pho-
nograph Co. on this subject, that I ant justified
in saying that those relations do, tn fact, exist
between us. Of course, we have had difterences
in the past. Soma of you have done things that
we perhaps have not lHked, and I have no doubt
that we on our part have done things that some
of you have not iiked. It is absolutely and
humanly {mpossibte for two people or two con-
cerns to agree on all things, whatever may be the
relations between them, whether manufacturer
and jobber, employer and employe, parent and
ehikl, or even husband and wife; but when two
people are working together for the common
beneflt of both, whatever may be the honest dit.
ferences of opinion botween them, {t Is always
possible for them to work hand in hand and
shoulder to shoulder in a friendly and loyal
spirit of co-operation. If I were asked to delne
as briefly as possible the ideal relations between
a factory and {ts Jobbers, I should describe them
by the words “co-operation and mutual depend:
ence.” If there be a lack of co-operation or dls-
trust or suspicion between the two interests thera
can be no lasting success on the part of either,
The manufacturer must feel that’ he cannot
eueceed unless the jobber succeeds, and, on the
other hand, the jobber must have for the mann-
facturer the same Intense feeling of loyalty that
he hag for his own business, In a certain senso
all Jobbers of the National Phonograph Co. are
stockholders {n our concern, because they par-
ticlpate In the profits of our product. In another
Sense they nre employes, because they contribute
to our succezs, and in a larger and finer sense
they are our friends, with a friend's privilege
to commend when commondation Is right and
: | CHI
a Sa ee eS,
-_—-
wu THE
MUSIC TRADE REVIEW
to criticize when criticism is needed. A manu-
facturer dealing with jobbers must realize that
the selling of goods ts an expensive thing, and
that the jobber must be allowed liberal discounts;
that he must bo protected, so far as may be rea-
sonnbly posstble; that he must be accommo-
dated and assisted In the handling of hls ac-
counts; and, more important than all, that he
must be supped with goods of honest manu-
facture and readily salable valuc, All of these
things we have done. ‘The discounts which we
have allowed to the jobber and to the denlor
compare favorably with those offered by any
manufacturer of a similar or analogous Nne, and
in the case of Amberol records the discounts are
exceptionally Mberal, as I think all will admit.
in the past we have advortised Mberally, our
expenditures on this item alone exceeding one-
half million dollars per year, and we have no
thought of reducing this expense Jn the future.
We have sought at all times to protect the job-
ber, doing absolutely no retail busines and hav-
Ing no direct relations with the dealer, except
In a fow Isolated cases where dealers have re-
fused to deal through jobbers and have sacrificed
their profits by doing so, and although we hava
recelved numerous applications from large con-
cerns who wished to become jobbers we have in
every case rejected the application when to ac
cept It would conflict with the business of one
or more of our jobbing friends,
We have Improved our Hnes as ragsly ag pos
sible, have made new machines, new horns and
new records, and the future holds out much In
the way of improvement that we intend as rap-
idly as porsible to put bofore you, So far as
our co-operation with you fs concerned, you know
what It has been in the past, and I can assure
you that there will be no change in our attit ov
in the future. We have irled to meet you yor
than half way, and a number of you gent}@men
can testify to the fact that we have helpfd you
out In the matter of your accounts by agcepting
notes, when we might well have pressed for
other terms of payment. On this point I wish
to make a single suggestion, based on the thought
{hat so long ns our goods are sold to you on
open account we have a common Interest with
you in your outstanding accounts receivable, and
as you may be weakened by falling to collect
these accounts wo are necessarily affected. One
of the objects of thls associntion, I understand,
was to protect your membership from dishonest
or incompetent dealers, who, buylng goods from
one jobber and refusing or being unable to pay,
open successive accounts with other jobbers,
treating them all in the rame fashion, It fs
obvious that such a dealer as that is no better
than a pirate, and you certainly have the power
to protect yourselves from his dishonest
‘methods by keeping’ each other informed of all
delinquents and refusing to take on a dealer
until you are satisfied that his relations to his
former jobber wero straight and honorable.
Don’t be so eager to get new accounts that you
cannot take, the trouble to look into the matter
carefully, and by co-operation among yourselves
this very grave menace ought to be completely
removed. I urge upon you most steoxgly..to get
together on this line.
It scems to mo that no better Indication of
the friendly feeling which we entertain for you
can be found thrn in the recent settlement of
the long-pending litigation in New York, by
which we paid $450,000 in cash to protect the
business of the jobbers in New York and else-
where from molestation. All that we ask is the
fame sort of a square deal from you that we
on our part have always endeavored to give.
Our agreement system ts admitted by all to be
one of the most successful features of the busi-
ness, and {f imitation ts the sincerest form of
flattery I think that wo havo good reason to feel +
that we have been flattered. Almost without
exception our jobbers renlize that in the matter
of theese agreements we oro in deadly earnest,
and that a deliberate violation of thelr condi-
tlons menns a quick and summary punishment.
But these agreements should. not be, and I do
not think they are, regarded as a sword of
Damocles held by a halr over your heads, but
FRANK L, DYER.
rather as'a means for protecting the honest and
legitimate jobber from the dopredations of an un-
scrupulous competitor. I feel assured, that it
our policy regarding cthese Vigreenz0 were re-
laxed to the slightest extent the results would
bo deplorable, and I hope all of you gentlemen
will feel that our policies in this respect are
dictated ‘primarily for the purpose of protecting
our jobbers and dewlters, although, of course, wo
are selfish enough to know that the effect of
auch protection will necessarily be holpful to
our own Interests,
No ono can dlsgnise the fact that we have
passed during tho past olghteen months through
a perlod of trinl And tribulation, and although
the clouds are stilt hovering in the sky the sun
is shining throngh them here and thero with
every prospect of thelr being blown away by the
winds of returning prosperity. We must realize
that the talking machine business has not been
alone in its depression, and we must not be dla
cournged if it returns more slowly than we
might hope. Remember that many working:
men are still only partinily employed; that
many have no employment; that others are still
being inadequately paid, nnd do not forget that
there are grocery bills and doctora’ bills and bills
for the children's clothing to be pald before a
surplus of luxuries is obtained. But there can
be no doubt that the pendulum has swung to its
farthermost point and is now returning, and as
the pendulum swings from a state, of rest by
Bradual accelorations business prosperity will
return slowly at firat and then with increased
rapidity. I have an absolutely unfaltering falth
that the talking machine business will not only
return to the pinnacle of Its highest success, but
whl go on’ inereasing, to, unknown heights, be-
cause as long as men and women love music and
entertainment just so long will they continue to
Invest thelr money in the goods that are the
basis of the relations between the factory and the
Jobber.
ae
wa
BUSINESS
POLICIES.
By PAUL H, CROMELIN, Vice-President of the Columbia Phonograph Co.
(Address delivered by Mr. Cromedin at the recent Convention of the National Association of Talking Machine Jobbers-)
Mr. Toastmaster, Ladics and Gentlemen—1
bring you personal grectings from my distin:
guished chief, Edward D. aston, who has asked
me to extend to the officers and members of the
National Association of Talking Machine Jobbers
his felicitatlons and well wishes for n pleasant
and profitable convention and for # coming year
of prosperity, to the members individually and
to your association. It was with great regret
that he found his pans for his annual visit to
Europe were all completed when your kindly
invitation was recelved, so he can only be with
you in spirit. to-night, and las asked me to
represent him; and, og I consider the personnel
of the men who are gathered here in convention
agsemuled, ana contemplate the enormous poten-
tlality and power for good of sucn an associn-
tion as you have organized, nursed and success:
fully launched upon the third year of its carcer,
I begin to realize more fally the wisdom of
some of those “business policies” which bave
-made possible and even necessary such an asso
cjation as yours in the year 1909.
The Trade Beyond Its Infancy.
Those of us who are parents Know how diill-
cult it is to realize that our, babies, when they
are grown up, are really able To shift for them-
seives and perhaps know better than we do what
is best sulted for them. No matter how big and
how strong a man may become, it ls hard for the
mother to look upon him as anything else than
“her big boy,” who still requires her affectionate
and tender care and solicitude. And so algo it
1s hard to realize that the time fs flying and
that our baby industry is really getting past the
“kinderkrankhelten” age, and having had succes-
sively all of the known children’s diseases, is
emerging into young manhood, so strong, so
virile, so active, so determined, 80 pugnaciously
progressive, so confident of the future, so con-
yinced of its proper sphere and position, and so
sure of landing there.
It’seems but as yesterday when I was called
into a little back room in an unimportant office
bullding in the uncommercial Clty of Washing-
ton, D. C., and shown there for the first timo
the graphophone. The front offlee was that of
Johns & Easton, court stenographers; the rear,
the Columbla Phonograph Co. shortly before
organized, I shall nevor forget that demonstra-
tlon of the little wax-conted, pasteboard record
- which I was permitted to hear while Mr, Easton
opernted the trendle of the machine.
It was merely a bit of Irish humor In the best
style of my much-beloved brother, the Into R. F.
Cromelin. How 1 would prize that record if |
had it to-day; but just ag surely as this Indus-
try of ours !s bound to progress and go forward,
making permanent impress upon the Ife, cul
ture and clvillzation of the age, just so surely
do I bellove that the influence of the big, brond,
progressive men who were associated with Mr.
Easton In the successful commercial exploitation
of the talking machine In the early days, build-
ing upon soltd foundations and shaping the busi-
ness policies upon which the Industry stands to-
day, lives and will ever be a perpetual inspira-
tlon to those who will carry forward the work
in tho years to come,
Cromelin Compliments Edison Handsomely.
We have with us to-night a man whose name
fg a household word in every Amerlean family,
the record of whose achievements have gone
forth to the farthest onde of the earth, and
added tuster to American cltizenship. The name
of Thomas A, Edison Js associated with many
of the most Important discoverles of the ago;
Inventions which have given birth to industries,
calling for ‘other men of imagination, initiative,
far-sightedness and capacity for organization, to -
shape their course and to plan their “business
polfcies” so that the broadest possible success
could be achieved in the quickest time, that man-
kind could be the beneficiary and those to whom
personal remuneration was due rewarded In a
befitting manner for their discoveries,
It ig truly wonderful when we pause to realize
how many now Industries: have been brought
into existence, carved out of nothing, so to speak,
during our lifetime; but as we are naturally
interested in particular in the business policies
which are relnted to the talking machine indus-
try, It may be profitable for a while to-night to
consider what it means to bulld a new industry
on a sclentific idea, to create something where
nothing tanglble existed, to do the missionary
—
-e
2 be ee ee
a
nd ploneer work, and to overcome the obstacles
f Ignorance and prejudice, And, as the invita.
lon extended by your worthy chairman indicated
learly that I was expected to conalder the sub-
ect from tho standpoint of the Columbia Co.,
‘ou will pardon, | am sure, tho repeated per-
onal references to our company, our men and
he graphophone. :
OF all the inventions with which humanity
is been blessed, few, if any, have seamed to
Wford such multiplicity of uses as the
sraphophone. [ use that word jn its broadest
jense as embracing all practical modern ma-
thines which elther record or reproduce sound,
Development of the Graphophone.
Thera were so many suggested uses that no
one could predict with any reasonable degree of
certainty just which. way the industry would
shape itself; and, as 1s usual in such cases, there
was lacking In the “bisiness polleies” of those
who were destined to develop the industry a
continuity or permanency of policy, because
from the very nature of things such a course
would have been Smpossible. To illustrate, the
existence of the graphophone fs directly due to
the beneficent, use which Alexander Graham Bell
made of the funds recelved from the French gov-
ernment for his work in connection with the
telephone,
The policy of the men who explolted the tele
phone was te lense, not to sell the Inatrument.
Many of you will perhaps learn with surprise
that this was the plan on which graphephones
were first put out. They were leased for busi:
ness purposes on payment of monthly rentals,
Moreover, they wore leased for use within o re-
stricted territory and could not be removed with-
out the consent of the company. Exporience
has proved that the business policy of renting,
not selling outright, was the correct one in the
case of the telephone, but it did not take very
long to find out that such a policy was far trom
right with the commercial graphophonoe,
It soon became evident to Mr. Easton and
those associated with him in the Columbia Co.
that the fleld which promised the greatest re--
ward and quickest return and disclosed a vista
of world-wide opportunities was the use of the
graphophone for home entertainment, and es
pecially for the reproduction of musical sounds;
and what more natural than to utilize the in-
strumentality most convenient and nearest to
hand? And thus we find the first band records
made by the United States Marine Band, of
Washington, D. C., which, under the able leader-
ship of- John Philip Sousa, was coming into
natlonal prominence, oe
The First Columbia Record Made.
Many of you well remember the first record
with the announcement “Made for the Columbia
Phonograph Co, of Washington, D. ©." Now,
there Is an illustration of “business policy”
which hag perhaps been the subject of as much
heated debate and adverse criticism as any one
thing ever done since the business began. P. ‘I’.
Barnum {8 accredited with saying, “Get the peo-
ple talking about you, better by for if possible to
get them to say something good, but If you can’t,
get them to talk about you even they say
something bad.” woe
Before passing judgment too quickly as to
whether the announcement was good or bad bust-
ness policy, bear In mind these facts:
First—For the first time in the history of the
world there had been brought into existence a
flevice which could actually talk and advertise
Atself,
Second—The records were being made by a
small company with Mmited means, which was
feeling its. way, groping, so to speak, with no
experience and nothing which had ever gone be-
fore to guide the men who were directing its
affairs. res ;
Third—From all over the United States, and
in.course of time from distant forelgn countries,
orders came in with .cash remittances to this
little unknown . company: located, as I say, in
the uncommercial city of Washington, which
orders were only traceable to the fact that each
record out was constantly announcing to all who
had cars the name of the company and Its B60
Braphbleal location. As the business grow you
will remember the announcement was changed
to the “Columbin Phonograph Co. of New York,”
then “Columbian Phonograph Co. of New York
and Paris,” and then tho “Columbia Phonograph
Co, of New York and London.”
It would have cost hundreds of thousands of
dollars expended in ordinary publicity channels
to have made the name so generally mown, and
when the business had so developed that wa wore
sufficiently well established in the great com:
mercial cities, and It had outlived the purpose
for which {t was intended, the announcement,
as you all know, was dropped. Many a time
have I heard the company damned for that old
announcement, Many a man had told me that
he would not buy a record with an advertise-
ment on It; but I speak with sincerlty to-night
when I tel! you that for every individual who
would refuse to buy because of the announce:
ment, I bellove that we sold to nt lenst twenty:
sVAUL I, CHOMELIN, *
five or fifty who bought only because of having
heard the announcement.
Introduction of Coln-Operated Machines,
The coin-operated graphophone brought unlque
business opportunities in the early days, When
it was proposed to plunge and to mova from a
converted residence on a side street to a bulld-
- ing on‘ such a- great thoroughfare as. Pennsyl-
vania avenue, and pay as much as $300 a month
rent, the matter was approached with fear and
hesitancy. The Idea was to make a handsome
display: room, containing coin-operated grapho-
phones where the public could for a nickel! hear
one of these wonderful machines that couid sing
and play and talk, When Mr, Easton was asked
J€ he would be satisfled 1£ the slot machines paid
the rent, so that he would ha*rent frae to sell
goods, he indicated that such a result would be
highly pleasing, “for what other business was
there that could operate rent free?"
Well, the recoipts for the first three days mora
than paid for the first month's rent and the elec.
tric ight bill, and the Jatter was no small item,
for the Columbia Co, was one of the very first
to recognize the value of electric light for adver-
tising purposes and as n means of attracting
attention to its business.
In the course of time the Washington equip-
ment was duplicated In city after clty until the
great commercial centers of thts country and
Burope were covered, Everywhere, handsome
stores and brilliant electric displays, on the most.
expensive thoroughfares, the slot machines usu-
atly paying the rents and light bills, leaving us
free to sell goods without these fixed charges. 1
am safe in saying that this bold polley did more
: <==
Eee
to encourage others to invest In the goods amt
go Into the talking machine business on a broad
scale than anything else that was done.
Naturally, as the number of machines cold
Inerensed the Interest in the slot machines de
creased; but wo had by (hat time established a
broad selling organization over tha world, and
thus'you have the story of the reason for and
-the establishment of the Columbia stores. No
one thing has gone so far in giving the linpres:
sion that tho business wag a big, growing and
permanent one, with Inrge possibilities for protit
for all who would go Into it, than these same
Columbia stores scattered over the country.
- Where the Music Dealers’ Were Dense.
It Is a rather strange commentary on the judg-
mont of the heads of the leading music houses
that they were so long In realizing the Jmport-
ance of the graphophono and that the normal,
natural placo for a prospective customer to go
to buy grayhophones and records was a music
store, On one of my visits to a western city In
the early days [ was almost ordered out of the
house for even suggesting to the proprietor of
one of the elty’s big music stores that an attrac:
tive line of graphophones and records would be
A profitable addition to bis business.
_ It was shortly after this that Lyon & Henly
‘became convinced of the future possibilities of
the Une in connection with the sale of musical
Instruments and became our yalued and Impor-
tant customers, 1t took sme time to bring
them ‘around, but gradually ono after another
tho great concerns engaged in tho sate of musl-
cal instruments have installed tallsing machine
departments, adding dignity and prestige to the
bualness, s
From the very beginning a strong policy of
fixing a. selling prico for all goods sold to job-
bers and dealera and requiring n atrict mainte:
nance of prices estublished at which goods were
to be sold to users was decided upon, and has
been continuously adhered to since. Time after
time attempts have been made by price cutters
to break up this polley, and though they have at
times been temporarily successful, wo have never
been more sure of our position In this regard
than we are as we enter upon the campaign tor
business In the fall of 1909. If there is aver a
change In this policy it will be not because we
cannot keep the dealers and jobbers In line, nor
because such a policy is wrong or not In their
interest, but it will be due to the Kind of com.
petition whic. other manufacturers may in-
dulge In,
Why the Protected Policy Shoutd Continue.
There {fs every possible argument why It should
be continued, and we look to such an association
As yours to use the influence you may command
to see to it that no change takes place in this
regard. The policy of a fixed price for all stand-
ard goods hns become a feature of the business
nolicy of all talking machine manufacturers. [¢
is frequently referred to and polnted out as a
policy to be adopted in other lines. Those who
are familar with. tho affairs of the Plano Manu-
facturers and Dealers and of the Music Publish.
era’ Associations know how often this business
Policy of the falking macttne conipanies ig re.
ferred to with admiration and how ‘unstinted has
been the praiso given to It. :
no Et 18 well for the talking machine industry that
the men whose task it has been to shape its --
“business policies” nave all had unfalling conti
dence in its permanency and future greatness,
It would be more dificult to eriticlze than to
praige them. In their own way each of the big
manitfacturing companies has contributed its full
quota to the greatness of the Industry, We who
compete confess that we have a tender spot in
our hearts for tha Victor dog, and a great deat
of admiration for his various mastors, although
in time we have fought them and will continue
in all honorable ways to do so in the future. In
a ike manner while we have told the trade and
tho public to disregard the injunction that “none
are genuine but those containing the signature
of Thomas A, Edison,” still we betleved Ip our
aed
~~
Ce ee
SA,
mo. Vv ite wy
The Edison Phonograph Line
Puts You in Direct Touch With All of
the People Who Love Music But Can’t
Play—and They Outnumber the People
_ Who Can Play—100 to 1.
You can make this by far the biggest
and best paying end of your business by
installing the Edison line and pushing it.
Consider how comparatively few people
‘have sufficient musical talent to ever ‘start to
learn to play an instrument, and how many
who do start, just drop it in a few months.
Then you lose a customer.
When you sell an Edison Phonograph
Amberol
are the greatest selling feature of the year.
They play longer than any other records
made.
Nobody wants a machine that plays
only the short_records, so nobody wants any-
thing but an Edison.
you make a permanent customer—and _al-
though the instrument is paid for, the sale has
just begun for that customer comes back to
you constantly for new records.
“his friends or neighbors hear it there are more
Every time:
sales on the way. Nothing that you carry in
your store pays such interest on the invest-
ment as the Edison Phonograph can make
for you.
Records
Start now. There may be a sale waiting
this minute and the man across the street
Your nearest jobber will
will beat you to it.
see to stocking you.
NATIONAL PHONOGRAPH COMPANY, ““dzisise 47-3"
JOBBERS WHO HANDLE EDISON PHONOGRAPHS AND RECORDS
Albany, No YouoFineh & Hahn.
Allentown, Pa—G. C. Aschbact,
Astoria, N. ¥.—John Rose. 5
dtlanta, Ga,—Atlanta Phono, Co., Phillips
& Crew Co,
Baltimore-—E, F, Droop & Sona Co,
Bangor, Me,—S, 1. Crosby Co,
Bigninghom, Ala—The Talking Machine
oO.
Roise, Idaho~—Eiters Plano House.
Baston—Woston Cycle & Sundry Co,,
Eastern Talking Machine Co,, Iver John.
son Sporting Goods Co,
Rrooklyn—A, DShtatthews' dons.
Buffalo—W. D, Andrcws, Neal, Clark &
Neal Co,
Burlington, Vti—American Phono. Co,
Canton, O.—Klcin & Heffelman Co.
Chicago—Mabson Bros, James I, Lyons,
Lyon & Weealy The fim Co., Mont-
fomery,, War Co, Rudofph Wur-
itzer ‘Co,
Cincinnati, O.—Dall-Fintze Co., Milner
Musfeal Co,, Rudolph Wurlitzer Co,
ipse Musteal Co,
Columbus, O.—Perry D. Whitsit Co.
Dallas, Tex.—Southern Talking Mach, Co.
Dayton, O.—Nichaus & Dohse,
Denver—Denver D a Text
Musfe Co, PY Goods Cou. Hex
Des Moines, la— _
Kins ene’ dt Harger & Blish, Hop:
Detruit—American Phono, Co,, Grinnell
ros,
Dubuque, la—Harger & Dish.
Easton, Pa.—The Werner Co,
Elmira, Nv Y.—Elmtta Arms Co.
El Paso, Tex,—W, G, Walz Co,
Fitchburg, Mass.—Iver Johnson Sporting
Goods Lo,
Fort Dodge, lowa—Early Music House.
Fert Smith, Arku—R. C, Dollinger Music
On
Fort Worth, Texas--Cummings, Shep
herd & Co,
Gloversville, N. Y.<-American Phono-
graph Co,
Helena, Mont—Frank Buses.
HoustonIouston Phonograph Co,
Hoboken, N. J.—Eclipse Phonograph Co.
Indianapolis—Indiana, Phono, Co., Jtipp-
Link Phonograph Co, «> °
Kansas City—J. W. Jenkins’ Sons’ Music
on'sdlielize Winve Co
Kingston, N. Y.—Forsyth & Davis,
KnosvitleKnoxville | T: it ny
Phono. Co, siete eras
Lincoln, Nebs—Ross P, Curtt oy HL
E. Sidtes ‘Phonograph’ Cont *
Lot Angeles—Southern California Music
0.
Louisville—Montenegro-Riehm Music Co.
Lowell, Mass.—Thos, Wardell,
Manchester, N. H.—John B. Varick Co,
AemphismF, M. Atwood, O, K. Houck
Piano Co,
Milwoukeem-Lawrence McGreal,
Minneapolis—Minnesota Phono. Co,
Mobile, Ala—W, HH, Reynalds,
Montgomery, Ala.—R. L. Penick,
Nashville, O.—M. di Co.,
HMR Bases & Coy Nebo
Newark, N. JA. O. Petit,
Newark, O.—Dall-Fintze Co,
New Bedford, Sass.—Household Furnish:
ing Co,
New Haven~-Pardee-Ellenberger Co., Inc.
New York City—Blackntan Talking Ma-
chine Co. J. F. Blackman _& Son, I.
Davega, Je. Inc. S. B. Davega Co,,
Jacot Music’ Box Co. Victor HT. Rapke,
Siegel-Cooper Co,, John Wanamaker,
New Orleans—William Bailey, Nat. Auto.
Fire Alarm Co,
Oxden, Uteh—Proudfit Sporting Goods
0.
Oklahoma City, Okla—Smith's Phono-
graph Co,
Omaha, Neb.—Nebraska Cycle Co.,..Shultz
‘Bros. 2 *
Oswego, N, Y—Frank E, Bolway,
Paterson, N. J.—James K, O'Dea,
Peoria, Tl—Charles C. Adams & Co.,-
Peoria Phonograph Co,
Philadelphia~Louts Buchn & Bro. C. J.
Hep ee Son, Lit DBros., Penn, Phong:
Reape Co, Jolin Wanamaker, Western
Talking Machine Co,, 1. A. Weymann
& Son,
Pittsburg—Standard Talking Mach, Co,
Portland, Me—W. Tl, Ross & Son.
Portland, Ore.—Graves Music Co.
Providence R. L~J. A. Fost .
Household Furnituse Co., i Samuels
TO.
QuebeomC. Robitaille,
Quiney, Tih—Quincy Phono. Co.
Richmond—C, BB. Haynes & Co.
Rochester—Mackle Pi: F . Co,
Talking Machine Con” O & M. Co,
Sacramento, Cal—A, J. Pommer Co,
Salt Leke City~Clayton-Daynes Musie Co,
Sax Antonio, Tex.—H. C, Rees Optical
0.
,
San Francisco—Peter Bacigalupi & Son:
Pacific Phonograph Co, ware mes
Schenectady, N, Y—Finch Ti
‘M “eiekard & Co, men Habis Joy:
Scranton—Ackerman & Co. Technicat
Supply Co,
Scatile, Wash—The Truce & Brown Co...
Ine, Eiler’s Music Store,
Sharon, Pa—W. C. De Foreest & Son.
Sioux City, lowe—Early Music House.
Spokane, Wash —Spokane Phono. Co.
Springheld, Mass—Flint & Brickett Co..
St John, N. BW. HL. Thorne & Co...
St, Lowis—Koerber-Brenner Music Co.,
Silverstone Talking Machine Co,
St, Pawt—W, J. Dyer & Bros., Koehler S-
Hinrichs, Minnesota Phono, Co,
Syracuse—W, D. Andrews,
Toledo-~Haycs Music Co.
Tyento—l. S. Williams & Sons Co,
Trenton, N. J—Stoll Blank Book and:
Stationery Co, John Sykes,
Troy, Nv ¥.—Finch & Hahn,
Utica—Arthur F. Ferriss, Wm. Harrison.
«Utica Cycle Co,
Vancouver, B. C—M. W. Waitt & Co...
td.
Washington--E. F. Droop & Sons Co.
Waycross, Ga—Youmans Juwelry Co.
Wiltiamsport, Pa—W, A. Myers.
Winwipeg—R, S. Willams & Sons Co.,.
td.
Worecster, Mass.—Iver Johnson Sporting:
Gootls Co,
——
ink
music TRADE REVIEW
heart of hearts, and now bolteve that itis a
-pretty good N&Me to conjure with,
A Broad View Specifically Applied,
Broadly speaking, the policy of the Columbin
Co, Is to give to the public what they are look-
Ing for to the extent that wo are able to do go.
Hf that means that a man wants eylinder ma-
chines and records, wo have with ench advancing
year brought to Che jobbers and denlers a better
product, and the possibilty of handilng that
product a5 tree from unreasonable restraint as
was conshitent for our mutual good, and with
the chines to maKe Buch a profit aa would mako -
it worth ls whilo to take on the tine. And go
to-day {0 cylinder enthusinsts the Columbia
slogan js: “Tonearm cylinder machines, clever:
ly constructed, compact, convenient, built with
care and backed with a Columbla guarantee.
Columbian Indestructible cylinder records, the
beat selling cylinder records over placed upon
the market.”
To those who profer and wish disc goods wo
stake our falth and reputation on the dise that
will eventually supersede all others, the “double.
* dise record.” To those who want grand opera we
offer the opportunity to Nsten to the best that
the world affords from such artists as Boncl,
Campanari, Zenatello, Sammarco, Constantino,
Bispham, nnd many others, the records of whose
yolces can only be procured from the Columbia
, Co.; but because of this we are not unmindful
of the fact that the great majority of peopla pre-
fer—yarntevie “add Tag-ime, and we endeavor
to glve them the best that can be obtained,
Our policy is as an open book, We hay,
so often proclaimed ft that its re
tlon here might seem superfluous. We told ‘it to
you gentlemen two years ago at Buffalo, and it
was repeated to you agaln here last year. Wo
stand in the same position to-night.
Some things it has never been the policy of
the Columbia Co. to do, One of these is to re-
fuse permission to any dealer or jobber who
wishes to do so to sell any other goods for which
he has n legitimate demand and on the sate of
which he can make a profit, If our goods cannot
sell in competition on merit they cannot sell at
all; and we never seek to tle up the dealers or
jobbers so they cannot buy the goods of our com-
petitors If they wish to do so. Nor do we sub-
scribe to such a policy, nor do we betieve that
{¢ fs good for either the manufacturer or the
jobber. If a denter decides that he prefers to
handle our line exclusively, well and good, but
he ts not compelled to do £0, nor put to restraint
nor punished If he does not do go.
The Columbla Excluslve Contract Defined,
The exclusive contract which the Columbia Co,
has to offer fs of a different kind, By Its terms
you can obtain the exclusive sale of Columbia
goods in a given territory upon agreeing to pur
chase goods to an amount commensurate with
the importanco of that territory. One of the
great objects which your association is seeking
to accomplish {8 to prevent tosses by your plan
for limiting credits to dealers who may be un-
worthy of sane.
As I understand, you are organized in thig
regard for mutual self-protection, This is fine,
-but If there was only one jobber for a given line
{n a given territory he would receive every in-
quiry that came from that territory, absolutely
contro) the purchases of all che dealers in that
territory, and they could not get goods olse-
where; and he would have the matter of extend-
ing further creat In his own hands, knowing
that if he refused further extensions, no other
jobber could offer better terms and thus secure
his customers. That fs the kind of exclusive
contract the Columpin Co. la offering to-day,
The industry has reached that point, and ex-
Perlence has trught us so many lessons regard-
ing it, that the polley determined upon: now Is
destined to remain the permanent fixed policy
of. our company for many years to come, Many
- of our stores have been gold to jobbers who have
guarantee! to do ns much business os wo our-
selves could expect to do, and we have similar
propositions Open which wo will be glad to con-
sider, with persons Interested in aequiring exelu-
sive territorIal privileges, We have constantly.
kept before us ‘the deairabllity of cutting down!
the amount of stock which a Jobber must carry -
to tho very minimum, and wo believe that ‘the .
double-disc record has ready. necornplis ed
much tn this regard,
Indestructible Record Against Wax Cylinder:
In the samo MANNcr when we made-up our
minds that the Indestructibte record ‘was to be
the cylindor record of the future we cut out the
wax record so that the jobbers would: not havo
to carry double stocks. Wo told you bofore and
wo ropeat to-night that we holleve In’ the instal-
ment business in connection with the sale of
talking machines. We believe in their ‘broadest ©
possible dlatribution, and that the poor. ‘and thoae
in the middle classes, a8 well as the rich, should
be ‘able to enjoy the entertainment which. thoy
afford, but the instalmont business ° which we.
preach and practice and which we have hereto-
fore asked your -Jobbora’ association to indorse,
“and we ask you: again to- night to do ‘a0, | jaa
“safe and sane” JInstalment business Frith an in-
erensed price on alt" machines and’ substantial
first payment befofo the outhit 1s delivered to the
customer, T! ft. 1s our ‘pot that can be your
policy. Itjeup.to you,“ oan om
That safch an association 8 yours exiats fs the
ben tence that the talk ng ‘Machine business
is Yfday recognized as a ‘permanent, Btable in-
eyes!
dustry by men of large mercantile experience,
who aro In-no way related to.the manufacturers,
angd.that the foundation has been completed and
dustry well launched upon its Seatinod!
iodge for the Present ‘and: Futuré, ;:
6 “pride in the part we ‘have played’ in’
the” paat.. We’ delleve in the company, we’ are:
convinced ot the superiority of the goods, and‘
wo have faith in the Integrity and the ability
of our men. There may bo more loyal, more’
faithful and botter men, but wo have not found:
them; and we intend, to ‘the extent that it is,
In our power, to keep abreast of tha times, heon-
ly intoreated in everything whlch marks: for:
progress, Working ‘always for that which wilt’
be for the betterment of the industry * in the:
Ught* that. Ja glven us to see It, carrying on dni
the fiture, as we have in the past, a vigorous, '
‘nggresatvo advertising campaign which wilt:
aluake’ ‘Columbia graphophones and records: even’
“better known, if possible, all over the country.;
With’ the full knowledge that our policy mty;
not always and perhaps. frequently will not bo;
the samo as that of our competitdrs, we want:
‘you , to believe, realize and understand, that we;
“thoroughly Approve of the aim of your asgocia::
tlon, that we refolee in your successes and want,
‘to the extent that is possible, to co-operate with:
yqu in the future in everything where we can
meet” your wishes and advance your inter ts.
1 thank you. ne 4
Past and ‘Future of the Talking Machine,
By THOMAS H. MACDONALD,
(Address delivered by Mr. Macdonatd. ai the recent ‘Conveniion of the National Association of Talking Mach
Talking machines have been the alm of nu-
merous Inventors at least since, If. not before, the °
year 1779, when the Imperial Academy of St.
Petersburg, Russia, offered a prize for the con-
atructlon of a machine which should be capable,
of 'producing the vowel sounds ag expressed -by.
the human voice. The prize was awarded to
Professor Kratzenstein for. his devices and Jn-
vestigations, which resulted tn “conalacrably
widening the horizon of acoustic science, and
presently thereafter the Abbe Mical, in Paris
(1783), and Von Krompelen, in Vienna 1788),
wero working in the same fiald.
Many ingenious mechanisms were constructed
by these workers and improved upon by’ varlous
successors, of whom Faber, of Vienna, about
1850, produced a very remarkable speech. articu-
lating machine, In 1867, « however, _the atten-
tlon of Inventors was directed toa more promis-
Ing field of etfort, through the jabors of Leon
Scott, who patented the sound: -recording ma-
chine known &s the phonautograph,. in which’ ‘the
principles of acoustic physics were ‘employed to
Praduce an autographic record of the’ human
voice and of other compound sound vibrations.
First Reproduction of Vocal -Sounds.
The optical demonstration of rhythmic’ sound
waves dates back as far as 1787, when Ernst
Chladni published at Lelpzig his epoch: making
discoveries in this field; but, although these de
yelopments~were Taplifed by tho researches ot
Strehlke In 1825; of Young and Wheatsione ‘In
the following decade and by those of Tyndall, :
Helmholz, - Melde And Lissajoux at subsequent
nerlods, the graphic reproduction of vocal sounds
appears to have been first effected by; Scott's
appliance. In that Inatrument | the sonorous, fm
pulses - produced by speech “and other non-
rhythmic ~ ‘tones word graphically recorded
through . the ,vibrations of o tympanum, conalet-
Ing of a flexible. -diaphragm, acting by means oF
a stylus on a revolving cylinder,. and it.1s this
sensitive tympanum and, its attached, atylus, de-
veloped and improved, by: successlve Inventors,
that form the essential elements, jin, the talking
machines of, to-day.
The. phenomena demonstrated by’ Séatt were
analyzed - ‘in relation to vocal sounds, and & ay
pecially with regard to the separate. functions or
the “yoeal organs, by the_! Rreneh L_Lingulstle, So- ;
of the Columbia. Phonograph Co
clety | in 1876, : cand these studies, together
Bell’s Invention of the telephone, in 1876, gave a
new impetus to research In.the direction ot tale
“ing machines,
In the spring of 1877 the Parla Academy of.
Sclenco appears to have received from Ms, Charles.
-Cros a. communication - proposing the ‘production
of Scott's sound records In the form of tracings,
on a transparent surface, and the reproduction
of these tracings by’ a ‘photo. chemical’ etchings
process in the form of sunken lines on ‘the rec:
ord plate. Ing ‘retracing of the record these,
lines were to serve as guides to the stylus, and:
‘thus the Vibrations of the diaphragm, and, coin-
“eldently, tho corresponding: sound waves, , wero,
proposed to be reproduced. .
A method analogous to this, sbut. -avgiding « the
Antervention of photography,. sand producing ‘the’
“yecord directly ona plain’ metallic surface, ‘
subsequently” developed ‘in this country (int
but Cros appears to have gone no further than
to make the communication referred to, whieh:
was not published In tho Comptes Rendus until
some six months later, In September, 1877,
Edisanie, Invention of the Phonograph. a
-In the same year, however, the actual Tepro-'
duction of sound tracings back into perceptible
“gounds was /Scomplished by Thomas A. Hdteon,,
through his invention of the “phonograph. The.
‘,outcemo-of tht 3 ldea was the tin-foll phonograph,
Lith which everyone. is familiar, and which in
_the year-1878 attracted much attention and gave
:, rise to great ‘expectations, a
The, very, property, : however, of the. uin-fo, or
of any. almilar material that afforded tho possi-
bility of its. heing. sufficiently indented through’
ho impulges . of sound . waveg,- proved an Insur-
mountable . obstacle to vite practical application :
‘or - the purpose: in view. °
TA Very few. passages of the tine of minute, in-
_dentations in, contact with the reproducing. atylus
», SuMliced.. to 80 ‘far. ‘level | down. .the spaces between:
3 the Andentattons as to. practically obliterate the
“record, and. though various means of giving per-
manence to. the. record wore devised. and put into
D Practice, such as filling. in with, wax. on, tho, back,
——
(HE MUSic
lrRADEe
<cVice Vv
D IN FRONT OF THE CHALFONTE.
‘ PHOTOGRAPHE
DELEGATES TO THE NATIONAL TALKING MACEINE JOBBERS'CONVED
The failure of the phonograph was 80 pro-
nounced as to discourage effort in the same direc:
tion for a long period of time, From 1879 to
1886 the literature of the art reveals no serious
attempt to accomplish the reproductions ot
sounds, and no advance whateyer was made dur-
Ing that perlod, ‘Those were the seyen years of
famine In the art. In 1886, however, the efforts
of Chichester A, Bell and Sumner Tainter, of
Washington D. G., afforded a solution of the
problem,
Bell & Talnter Patent Solves the Problem.
These associates had labored earnestly from
1881 to 1885, and as the result of thelr labors
made many valuable contributions to sclence.
Foremost among these was the method of record-
ing and reproducing sounds, now in universal
use, by engraving a solid material of amorphous
character, such a8 wax or wax-like compositions.
This system as a whole embodied many discov-
erles and Inyentions which contributed to the de-
sired end and which cannot be referred to in
detail within the limits of our available time.
It will suffice to notice that the engraving
method resulted not only in accurate and recog-
nizable records, but In records that could de re-
moved from the machine, handled and trans-
ported without detriment, and which could be
used scores, indeed hundreds of times. This
last-mentioned characteristic of the new grapho-
phonic sound record js of the very first import-
ance from the industrial point of view. Such
was the graphophone as-paterted by-Dr_Chiches-
ter Bell and Mr, Tainter in 1886.
This historical review of the progress of sound
recording and reproducing mechanisms brings us,
at this point in chronological order, to the con-
sideration of another device for the same pur-
pose, already alluded to, and which also may be
regarded as starting from the phonautograph of
1857, but which, continuing on the lines of that
Instrument to obtain the record on a plane sur-
face, diverged at this point and wrought this flat
record into depressions by chemical means. These
depressions, however, recorded the vibrations of
the sound-recelving diaphragm in sinuositles of
the side walls instead of sinuosities of the hut-
tom of the lines, This was the so-called
“gramophone,’ invented in 1887 by Emile Ber-
liner, also a resident of Washington, D. C., and
which was brought out before the Franklin In-
stitute of Philadelphia, Pa., in May, 1888.
Berliner’s Method a New Discovery.
The principle of Berliner’s procedure differs
radically from those of his predecessors, inas-
much as his record, being effected by a stylus
vibrating In a plane parallel with the receiving
surface, is free from the disturbances resulting
from a varying resistance to its movements.
This latter factor enters inevitably Into the re-
sult when a depression of any surface is effected
by indentation or by cutting, the resistance natu-
rally increasing with the depth of the depression
to be produced, while the latter is directly re-
lated to the amplitude of the vibration which
the depression {s to record.
Berliner’s record was traced In the form of a
spiral line on the surface of a disc of polished
zinc, through a film of extreme tenuity, com-
posed of a fatty acid obtained from a solution
of wax. This film serves as a resistant to an
etching mordant, which effects a depression of
the traced line by erosion of the bared metallic
surface, the etching then being ready for repro-
duction into sound waves by reversing the pro-
cedure.
It may be of interest here to note that these
three methods of recording speech or other
sounds constitute the basic inventions of the
three types of talking machines in common use
to-day. They are, in the order of their inven-
tion, the phonograph, the graphophone and the
gramophone.
The phonograph method consisted in ‘indent-
ing tin-foll, the graphophone method in engray-
ing or cutting In wax or wax-like material, and
the gramophone method in tracing a spiral zig:
zag through a film of wax to the surface of a
\
|
—=—
-—“Fhe Tirade Press as
=o
polished zine plate and of afterward etching, by
means of acid, this spiral into the metal Mate.
As ts perhaps well known to aj) of you, the
phonograph and gramophone methods of orlginal
record making have long since been abandoned,
and today the entire industry rests upon the —
basic discovery of Bell and Tainter that the true
way to make @ record of sound was to cut or
engrave It In wax or a wax-like substance,
Spring Motor ‘Marks a New Era,
I think it wi be conceded by all that the next
most fmportant step In the industry was the in-
“ yention and adaptation of the spring motor to
the talking machine, For this your speaker
humbly clalms credit. I began work on such a
motor in December of 1893, and finished a model
in May, 1894, This model wag first shown to
Mr. Easton and Mr. Crometin in the Traymore
Hotel] in this city in the Jatter part of May, 1894,
and to Mr. Hawthorne in Philadelphia the next
day,
‘fhis model is essentially that In use to-day.
The Importance, of course, Is the method of gov-
erning the speed, In 1898 I discovered that there
1s a critical speed for the surface of a record
which must. be attained to obtain the best re-
sults, This discovery we embodied In the welt
* Known graphophone grand. It was during this
same yenr that I found that a wax record could
be molded from hot wax in an clectrotype mold.
This seemingly simple “find” has become most
important in the cylinder development.
=e
iy
The next stép was the Invention of J. W. Jones,
which consisted in adapting the Bell and
Tainter cutting oF engiaving method to the mak-
ing of a zig-zag record, ‘This discovery, as many
of you well know, revolutionized the disc end of
the industry. But] must hasten, It 1s-said that
the old man always talks of the past, the young”
man of tho fulure. E have been asked to try my
hand at prophecy, to say from an inventive
standpoint what the future holds for our ‘bual-
ness To my mind it {s an ever-unfolding, ever:
Increasing, ever-expanding fleld that lies before.
Mr. Macdonald Indulges” In Prophecy,
The possibilities of the talking machine In Its
adaptation to human uses has hardly yet been
dreamed of,’ The great struggle of man, through
all the ages, has beon to devise a means of re
cording his thoughts and the’ records’ of his
deeds, that his posterity might ‘know of. them.
_4rom the while hieroglyphics of the prehistoric
past’ to the finished Mterature’ of the present,
through these almost unthinkable ages, tlie whole
struggle of man wag to build up a written Jan-
guage that he might learn’ of the deeds of his
fathors and pass on a record of his own to the
future. What then shall we. say of an invention
tiat at ono: stroke gives every. ving hitman 7
being; from tha‘ lowest beggar’ to the proudest
Hight on the throne an absolutely equal oppor-
tunity, and glves to him at one stroke a method -
of recording his own and of learning the thoughts
o. others, unequaled by atything tliat man ha
ever cone. . , tg
an Aid to Indu ry.
. By EDWARD LYMAN BILL,
(From Address delivered by Mr Bilt af the recent Convention of the Nation Auochation of Talking Machine Jobbers,)
Mr, Bill—-Mr. Toastmaster, members of the
Talking Machine Jobbers’ Association, Jadies
and gentlemen—In speaking for the press,
let me gay that the press properly conducted
should always be an aid to Industry, Years ago,
whien trade papers were first founded, they were
started as house organs, backed by one or two
concerns, for the purpose of promoting thelr in-
dividual interests, As industries expanded trade
Journallsm expanded with them, and steadily
advancing trade papers reached the position that
they were enabled to graduate beyond the Influ-
ence of individual concerns, throw off the
shackles and become a powerful and independent
force In the development of all industries,
There wereamong the papers representing the
different trades—a type of Journals which adopted
methods and forms which were not strictly in
harmony. with good business principles. Hap-
pily, however, such journals have been relegated
to obifvion, and the trade press of this country—
the American trade press—stands out as an edu-
cator in the highest and truest sense, and St Is:
with some degree of pride that I may say that
years ago I allied myself with that form of jour-
nalism with the object In view not only of win-
ning a livelihood, but assisting In the development
of industries, Studying the talking machine busi-
ness, I saw that there was an opportunity for
development, and the more I examined that ine.
dustry the more I became convinced that the
time had arrived when..an independent paper
would be a necessary and a useful force tn
helping the expansion of the trade,
T commenced in a modest form by conducting
&. department In my music trade paper, The
Music Trade Review, but I found that that was
not sufficient to reach the hearts of the talking
machine: trade and ineldentally its pocketbook.
I found that to attain the strength and power
which I' desired in the development of this
“'trade, it’ was Necessary for me to put forth a
paper which would be solely devoted to the ex-
ploitation of the talking machine interests. With
that object in view I launched five years ago
The Talking Machine World. When the paper
was first put forth I had the warm support of
the manufacturers, jobbers and the dealers, and
together we have worked hand in hand for flve
years in the development of industry, and Mr.
Toastmaster, I wish to congratulate you upon
the development of the talking machine busines:
and upon the success of your association.
I recollect when the association infant was
born In Buffalo that some predictions were made
as to Its carly demise, Those predictions were
ill-founded, for this organization has grown and -
expanded ‘to such an extent that it exercises a
strength ond power for the. -promotion of the
talking machine business ‘from ‘the Atlantic to
the placid Pacie—from the plains of Texns—to
the wheat flelds of Dakota, Long live the talk
Ing machino industry!’ United you stand to-
gether as a symbol-of strength and as o power
to eliminate evils which unchecked may creep
Into. any industry, and I may say that interested
as I am fn this trade and bound ‘to it’ by the
closest business and professfonal tles, It Is with
much joy that [ have witnessed the fdlrness of
your fellberations while here at Atlantle Clty.
It ds evident that the true feeling. exists between
the manufacturers ond the jobbers. If you will
continue to work together consclentiously and
honestly to develop the trade .along consistent
and logical lines, with that desiré to get together
and do right, as you see right, it will make the
talking machine not merely a. greater power, but
one that will command a greater respect from
cnch department of,trado fe, The Interests of
manufacturers, jobbers nnd dealers are closely
locked; ‘one is dependent _Mpon. the other, If
goods are ihanufactured and not sold they stag-
nate In factories’ and in “warehouses. There
should be no atagnation;. business policles must
be adopted which will cause, these special. prod-
ucts to move along the easiest ‘lines of reslst-
ance untll they reach the consumer. Then in
order to ‘have every department harmonious
there must be good feeling, because good feeling
{g the basls of good business, and I belleve that
your association has been an incubator of good
“feeling, in that ft has brought-men together who
hnve felt that when they looked into each other's
eyes they should be friends and not enemies; that
they were good men and true. “By friendly in-
tercourse competition -has ‘been- blunted ‘some-
what. Men may-be juat ns keen‘in their desire to
win, to develop trade, but the sometimes reckless
rules ‘have been tempered somewhat’ by friendly
contact with each other. And it ‘Js only through
such organizations ns this, and kindred ones,
that men are brought together for trade -weal,
and they have realized through unity they
“ean obtain far botter resulta, The fundamentals
of. our life are education, Business education
fg necessary. Education is the barometer
by which we measure the intotlectual tempera-
ture of vur people. If your business education
“Is complete you can cope with competition In
“n much -better way, and it wilt redound to your
benefit in cold dollars and cents. . ;
This is a business age: we are a atrngeling
‘ for business, It took the inventlye gensus of.an
Edison, of a Berliner and of a Jones, to lay the
foundation of this Industry, but an: Edfson, a
Berliner or a Jones could not have necomplished
the. results without an Enston,.a Gilmore, or a
Johnson, whose marvelous business ability.turned
the Inventive genlus of others Into tho coin of
the realm. (Grent applause.) .It is well, therefore,
that we should recognize the business spirit. in
the development of thia industry; it is right,
- too, that we should pay all honor to the glorious
inventors, a1! honor to the men who have added
. luster to the pages of American history, whose ,
achievements will be remembered as Nong as
time lasts,. But,’ again, let us remember It is
the men behind ‘the trade guns. who win the bat-
tleg of commercial life. . Let us remember, too,
tht it fs the man who through long days of Jabor
nd nights, devoid of ease, plans the campalgns
which mean tho employment of labor and the
distribution of vast sums to the masses. ,Srich
men are. striving to accomplish’ certaln Ideals.
~ We must.evershave ideals—businoss..ideals—tor_
idealism will lft ‘us up, and it is business ‘ieals
which will bring out the best ‘in-us. It Ja use-
less to pass resolutions or to write papers ‘ad-
vocating certain mensures unless ‘behind these
resolutions, behind these papers there fs a spirit
which. makes for thelr adoption. You must haye
that’ or your association cannot reach the highest
attainment There must be fixed: purpose, .You
must do’ things; it is the spirit of dolag which
has made this:talking machine industry—young
in years, though it is—one of the best known
in ‘this country and abroad. To my.mind you
are working along right lines. In’ what other
Industry can an association three years: old
produce such.a gathering of. the clans as we
have here tonight? We “have here men who
have traveled: Jong, distances to come here to
work for the upbuilding of higher’ and: ‘truer
business Ideals. It {s this serious planning,. this
mingling together, the adjustment of differences
. of opinions, the digcusaion of ways and means
and methods—which will help your talking ma-
chine enterprises on and on and to ever ascend
to the highest points. '’ ine é
+ Tam an optimist on the future of the talking
machine Industry. I belleve its future will be
brighter than -its past, ‘I.belleve it has-the most
progressive tynés of business men who are work-
ing for. its development. But we. cannot sit
supinely by: and expect to win golden honors, It
requires concentrated effort.to produce tho best
results which the. honest efforts of men justly
entitle them to receive, ‘The full-results of the
million and a half in money which the manu-
facturets will: Oxpend’ during the next twelve
‘months “wilh ‘not reach the highest polnts unless
‘there be supplementary work ‘on: the part of
jobbers and dealers,’ I believe that, this coming
here amounts to ‘a school of - harmony, the
“bringing together of diverse Influences, 80 that
one man can see what the other man fs doing; ‘It
fs helpful; {t shows that which is Fight.’ I be.
eve it will ‘help business, arid the ‘effect ‘of
this meeting wn last long, Mr. Toastmaster; it’
will permeate this entire trade, and I feel that
when : ‘these men‘ ghall have departea from this
“olty by the sounding sea they will carry with
them sweet récollections of this: gathering hore
to-night, ps well as of your business sessions. . .
Let the influence of this gathering of talking
machine jobbers remain with us and let us go to
our homes with ‘one thought In view—to ‘woik
‘harmoniously ‘together, to confidently face the fu-
ture, full of Benerovs promise—to Jook up “and
not look down. (Much ‘applatise.)
3
rn
s
4
——
eo ee Oe ee
VALUE OF STATE ORGANIZA-
TION OF- DEALERS
WM. F. DAVISON,
The value of State organizatlon of dealers in
our Hne ts unlimited. Not only is organization
valuable to the dealers, but it makos Itself felt
through the entire trade, Including the dealer, the
Jobber, and the manufacturer, In every Instance
organization 1s calculated to do one of two
things, either to bring about better conditions,
or to make better men. The vory fact that prac:
tically all Ines of business In this progressive
‘age find it advantageous and profitable to maln-
tain associations would seem to indicate that the
talking machine dealer would develop much
faster had he the opportunity to meet with his
fellow denlors, If wo are to have better talking
machine dealers, we must have more of them
who have confidence In the future of the busl-
ness. This confidence can best be imbued by
State associations. Too many talking machine
deaters fall to realize the possibilities of thelr
Mune, or if they do, then there is something lack-
Ing about thelr way of going after tho business.
— infact,-there are numerous ways In which thelr
methods might be faulty. You no doubt havo
dealers on your books who are doing an enor-
mous business, while you have others in locall-
ties Just as good who are not doing the business,
Apparently, there is nothing the matter with
the dealer or his territory, yet the fact remains
that he Js not getting the business, Is it not
reasonable to suppose that by associating with
other dealers he would learn something which
would make him a bigger and better dealer, As-
sociations are bound to arouse the dealers’ on-
thuslasm, They are bound to Increase his busi-
ness and In turn increase his jobbers’ nnd the
manufacturers’ business,
. Dealers Should Aid.
Tt will be well, gentlemen, for you to lend your
ald to the promotion of denlers’ associations in
your’ various territories. When you are asked
to give assistance or advice, do so. Kéep In close
touch with them. ‘The dealers are Hable to
make mistakes. They are prone to jump at
conclusions quickly, They sometimes get an Idea
‘that existing conditions are unjust to them; yat,
when these conditions are carefully gone over
and the real facts exposed, the very dealers who
were loudest in their denunciation are the first
to admit they were mistaken. In order to be
successful, these associations must not be radl-
-cal. They must be reasonable. Each important
question which arises should be enrefully
welghed and discussed at length before action
is tnken. It is at critical moments your advice
{s most likely to be sought.
What Hae Been Done In Ohlo.
In connection with this subject, {t- might be
well to refer to the Ohlo Association of Tatk-
ing Machine Dealers. The officors and members
of the Ohfo Association of Talking Machine
Dealers are justly proud of their assoclatlon,
Organizing at a time whon conditlons in the
talking machine business were never worse
speaks well for the character and Spunk of thelr
members. Like many other good movements,
the first few months of this association's life
were filled with trials and tribulations. . The
first meeting was held November last in Cotwm-
bus, Ohlo. The attendance amounted to nv
meager handful when the number of contracted
dealers In Ohio fs taken into. conslderation, At
this meeting officers wore elected and an active
campalgn started for members. The second
, meeting was held. at Cincinnat!, Ohio, in Feb.
ruary. The attendance at this meeting was
gomewhat better than the Columbus meeting,
Important Papers Read by Well Known Talking Machine Jobbers at the
Recent Convention Held at Atlantic City, N. J. ,
but there was stl room for much improvement.
The third meeting was hetd at Cleveland fn
May, and was the banner ono of all. The un-
tirlng offorts of the officers had begun to show
results, ‘There were thirty-flve of tho leading
Ohfo dealers present. The feature of thls meet-
ing was the presence of two export ropalr men,
one from the Victor factory and one from the
Edison factory, Practteal demonstrations were
Biven .on all kinds of repair work, which were
vory beneflcinl to the dealers presont. Dealers
who were attending a meeting for’ the first time
were warmest in thelr praise of the associntion.
They wero convinced that an ngsociation was n
good thing for thom. Relating oxporlences, ex-
changing ideas, and learning the different forms
of advertising used are all valuable to them, be-
cause these are the things which will help them
bulld up their business,
Has Membership of Twenty-SIx.
The secretary of the association tells mo that
{ts membership at the present time is twenty-
slx members, He expects to havo at least fifteen
more before the noxt meeting, which will be
held the first Wednesday in August at Cedar
Polnt, Sandusky, Ohio. Ohlo jobbors have as-
sisted the association in overy possthln way.
From threo to six jobbers have been reprosented
at each mecting, and have done much to en
courage the dealers, Our company has been rep-
resented at each meeting, and we consider our-
selves well repald for the tlme and oxpense In-
curred. It has not only been a good way of
advertising ourselves, but {t has enabled us to
become more Intimate with the dealers in our
State, Dealers’ associations will give the dealer
a better knowledge of his business. They will
give him the {deas of fifty men Snstead of one,
and they will do much to make him sce the
future of tho business In the right light.
THE MANUFACTURER, JOBBER
AND DEALER—WHY THEIR IN-
TERESTS ARE IDENTICAL.
H. H. BLISH.
Are the interests of the manufacturer, Jobber
and dealer {denticat? To my mind the success
or failure of the industry will measure in the
ratlo of the completeness of this knowledge to
the Interests ‘of each being understood to be tden-
tical. There is no industry where $t can bo more
truthfully sald that the interests of the manu-
facturer, Jobber and dealer are more {dentical
than in the'talking machine bustyess. The very
nature of the industry makes this so. The bus!-
ness bolng wholly a contract one makes dealer
nnd jobber a part of one of the most perfect
Industrial machines the commercial world has
ever seen. That this is alt the more remarkable,
{t must be remembered, that its growth has been
only during half ao score +of--years... And right
here I want to pay my tribite. to the most ox-
traordinary business sagacity of the men who
have had charge of the business end and who
outlined {ts policy during the trying timo of its
formation period, for to their foresightedness in
establishing the policies governing the business
at that time fs due the wonderful growth and
most marvelous success of to-day.
Policy of Publicity Created Business.
One of these early policies which has remained
unchanged from the start embodied the marketing
of this product, and the jobber or distributer was |
created and given a share in the. profits of the
business. At first these distribution centers were
few and nat widely separated points, but tho
manufacturers’ policy of publicity soon brought
such a flood of business, that nearer centers of
distribution were found necessary tn order to
a ee
leer
render more prompt freight service and to make
the frelght coat less burdensome; and to-day |
know of no Industry whose business wheels move
with less friction and steady gtride than do the
manufacturers and jobbers of phonographs and
tulking machines,
Ostenslbly, ft is the manufacturer's province
to create the demand with the public for thelr
wares, Tho nature of these goods belng unusital
and easily a luxury it requires rare skill and
Judgment to go create, hy advortising, a demand
by the public for them, yet how well the manu-
faeturers Nave taken care of their end, along
this line, F need only gay that since I have
been cast I have been told that the advertislig
appropriation of the Edison, Victor, Columbian
and Zonophone companies for the coming year
exceed halt a milion dollars, and all this for
the immediate and direct bonefit of the dealer,
In order that the flood of business which I
firmly belleve will follow in a golden stream this
coming fat! and winter may not bo Jezsened hy
tho unpreparedness of the dealer who may be
caught napping, hard and consclentious work on
the part of the jobber wijl be required to go till
his fleld that when the harvest tare comes manu-
facturer, jobber and deo'er may each share In
the generous yield. Tick ee
If thore ever was a case of one’s reaping, or at
least a chance to, where somebody else has sown,
I think we have it most strikingly shown in tho
talking machine Industry. A neglect on the part
of the dealer, of the jobber, or of the manufac °
turer to prepare by suffclent stock ‘on ‘hand
when the ‘fall seacon opens, will render ‘this
advertising fortune futile, .
Plea for Greater Stability.
To my mind, the full measure of the success
of the talking machine business wil never be
reached elther by manufacturer, jobber or dealer
unt} the business has been made more stable
than it js at the present time. One of the great-
est obstacles that the jobber has to contend with
§s the diMculty in holding the dealer interested
after he has been once estabilshed. We estab-
ltsh him to-day through the efforts of the diligent
snlesmen, and next year we are obliged to try
again for xk new man.
‘Phe dealer's stock has run down to one ma-
chine and possibly twenty or thirty records, and
he refuges to stock up, slmply beenuse of his
lnekt “of confidence In the business. _ The adver-
tising of tho manufacturer, the labor of the job-
ber all golng for nothing, or nearly so, in that
field, simply for the want of that “something” to
give stability to tho business. There is no rea-
son why this business should not be made just
ag stable as that of hats and caps or boots and
shoes. All of us must admit that the goods are
selling, and selling heavily. There is no lack of
confidence in the goods on. the part of the public.
Why, then, this timidity on the part of the
dealer to invest and carry o representative stock?
If I might be permitted to offer this sugges-
tion I should say that fn forging the chain of
thelr magnificently planned campaign of pub-
Heity for the creation of the demand for the
goods by the public the manufacturers have loft
a ink In the chain less welded to the whole
than {t should have been. Direct the same In-
telligent campaign toward the deater, conducted
with the same energy and earnestness that has
characterized that with the public) and the manu:
facturer will haye an ally of unheard of posst-
* bInty.
Let the manufacturer instil in the dealer that
same confidence and faith In the’ business that
they themselves have shown by their recent
enormous expenditures in advertising and new
* bulldings, tnd they will at a single bound have
overcome the greatest obstacle now in the way
of permanent success. :
“or
se 7
sie Taq
5 lasis ae :
eS
GOODWIN WITH NATIONAL CO.
Becomes Manager of Sales Force, Succeeding
E. H. Philips Who WIII Give Entire Atten-
tlon to Credit Department.
C. B. Goodwin, for many years in charge of
the talking machine department. of Lyon &
Healy, has‘ joined the Edison forces. He has
mecepted a position as manigerof sulesmen, suc-
ceeding E. H. Phillps, who will hereafter devote
his entire thme to the position of manager of
credit department. Since F. K. Dolbeer wis
made manager of sales, Mr. Philips has Mlled
the two offices of credit manager and manager
of salesmen.
Mr, Goodwin is one of the best kuowh men {no
the talking machine trade, He {s not only
-prominent because of his former connection
with Lyon & Healy, but pecause of the active
part he took In forming the National Talking
Machine Jobbers’ Association, a work in which
he has ever since been greatly interested, Mr.
Goodwin assumed charge on July 1. All of the
salesmen now on the road are to ye brought to
the factory this month and will there become
acquainted with thelr new ehlef.
The National Phonograph Co. are planning to
make a large addition to their corys of salesmen
this fall, and Mr. Goodwin will be kept busy
breaking in new men, to say nothing of the
work incident to getting acquainted and laying
out work for the present force. While the sales
men of the National Co, rank secend to none in
faithfulness and efficlency, Mr. Goodwin's prac-
tical connection with the talking machine Indus:
try cannot fall to Increase the value of theit
work,
.
MARRAL a sn Orme
[PHOTOCOPY]
be na
e@ Musical 4
Accorptnc to th
trades, over $29,000,000 is j
yadee tui Arde invented by the middlemen in the talki
O ity
" r
ge, the organ of the piano and allied
the current yea, is appropriated f °
additions eked bmee ie company is Cady Ger advertising during
iacts developed at the ‘actory so soon as the © expend $000,000 upon
ing Machine Jobbers, at which qyention of the Aaescion f Tanke
onor, and he unofficially tetoveci as Ae Edi c n of Talk.
onor, anc cially indorsddetre es oe eeeisON Was the :
ciation did not discuss lorset ther surpr fii as the guest of
isc ay TSitt
clause of the new co iss the opinion of Counselor Werven te oa
alker, that the
pyright law givin the owner of any music copy-
‘ Pp} g ig py
matter must be decide: befoi @ the talki a dl a s tC id
tr y is solidly estulllairad: i th t Ikin y ani playing mach or hat
ig ig ndus~
ve ”
iY
concert escaped the downpour by
D '
gatherin
dancing y
: TTTST CO Cus, yw bavilion, .
Is Biting here hi ie Who has b i
pit ~ ' has re een vis.
rotgin Fy adeiphia. ned to her hume
eqnis Glynn ageffortiand. jae
nl sn asefortia nd. has
Ea portion of thew
a pA and he weels
eel jae x eae
bee
tt
”
dey clans,
“pinoaesomnivns! Od eae
ACHAT WITH Y WALTER STEVENS.
Manager Solan aes Department of National
Phonog Co. Holds Forth on the Busl-
ness aor ak er Trade in Australia
. “—Bringing Back Master t Records Made In
‘Mexico, b
st week Walter Stevens, manag; ir of the
rt epartment of the National P “onograph
Ca] drned from a very enjoynbl vacation,
Tn an ‘Informal chat with The Revlon v ne other
day he sald:” ~
“IT find everybody optimi tie al at! the fall
trade. Our exp; business is /4 roving rap-
{dly, and the indie: hres Arg ve, wilf\ueve about
all we can han Nod ant fall \anil, winter;
We have just. at i from Atstralia
stating that th isiness ther \h been
the larg HTatOry of our company, You
know . Bl ‘ Nthe cargo to that part of the
World,
“Mesdys. Werner dnd Lee, who have been mak-
ing recdrds in Mexico since spring, get back
this week, and they bring with them a large
number ‘othe best records they ever made; tn
fact, they are splendid and comprise selection
of the best talont, vocal and instrumental. The
work of these-two experts improves more and
more on every visit they make to Mexico, This
time it fs better than ever,
“You know the Moxicans area a musical people;
and great attention is given this branch of
study in thelr educational program, Every
town has its band no matter how small, wit)
the band-stand in the most Prominent sp¢t,
where crowds gather avery evening to hear the
playing, Not a few of the musical - - organiza-
tlons of Mexico have a world: ‘reputation}‘and in
point’ of general -excellence equal our own: best
known bands,
“It 1s the ambition—and a laudable ‘one—of
every: man, especially in the middle class, to
‘become a member of the local band. {It Is a
great distinction; as these organizations Bre. held
in high esteem: ‘and ‘soclally'they have the entree
and are’. treated -royally.: wherever they! go, It
is for. this. reason. that Mexico, is a great, talking
machine® “country?” and records’ command a large
and ready sale,”
——
y; J. Obrierrer
; Pa ae!
. him from: bohi: fase i af
tod McGovern: Aare,
.0.Was In tho plac, os
ee
EDISON TURNS OUT
NEW ROCK CRUSHER
tent .
Grinds up Bowlders Weighing Twelve
f and Fourteen Yong,
1. New Villuye, Aug. 17.—homas aA.)
‘Edison has perfected a manner hat
weeya boulder woighing from
9 fourteen tons and measuring
seven or eight feot in width Into a pile
of six-inch rocks suitable for, smaller
‘rollers to crush Into rond-making mn-
terial forthwith, ‘Uo has spent most of
jthe time of his visits to the cement
jworks hore In experimenting and bulld-
ing the machine, which weighs nearly
forty tons, At present it fs In opera:
tion at tha coment mills hore. :
Insido of the machine rro two largo
roils, several feet wide and six feet
in’ dlameter, whieh are’ inclosed In:a
gigantic hopper. © These rota have oc-
tagonal faced mandrels, or plato bails,
on which the molars or grinders are
fastened with bolts that welgh trom
ten’ to thirty pounds ench, ‘heso roll’
ots are: attached to 2. pulley, which is
connected with a bolt to.a large, motor
with great horsepower, '
A. terrific speed ts .gonorated In the
railroad freight. car which {a backed
up to the hopper, and in which ara
generally two fourteen-ton boulders, u.
magnetic ifting contrivanco is lowerul
‘over'them, a clutch grips tho heavy:
rock’and then a button {s pressed: and
a lever pulled. Tho stono is ‘dropped
by the: shutting off of the magnatic
curent and falls into tho hopper, Thera
{a a terrific. roar, and ‘the boulder Iv’
crushed. HES :
It ts gafd that the. new process ‘vill
cheapen the cost of cement materialiy,
\4o4
[PHOTOCOPY] —
AS caterer narime minnie ten cttaaiaa net oan deg ls a teat tn itt ater qannnneaacnanney mee
T seo that! ther yprel eit
to have braed." ae
of things Js , toward! co! Net vo rottort te 0 9 bread a moro,adoquate # type: ‘of; maa
‘Wo auailiteomsbe'an BC at, but pr on, apy wo dl
harder generational willie B46 iro | .
Man willisaniesuottey pis she ig maoiines' ‘agaln‘and then thrust i
all Jaye iMer.andiettictonoy,"
patansloalyyamast the 6 ata, and
Eps
Cee
oo
WRELIS.
r, a fow. now ones, “at you are: 2
tdoxen’, ‘moulds ‘and pour out a coment ‘Ne: 1904
fing’ aldo, cement fo going ,to bo'a' much
Heli at" ho mofnent, ae
|Coox: Show! What gncrcen Pa
bapa ay to the. dlecovery; of the:P
know that’ Cook's work ha
rand actentine: viewpoint, but? it haw or
jAmerican’ pluck’ and energy and ‘brains
athera to! ep {something
fellow many! 3
ir ube
faitting dp theta ute, reate.in Briare)
x Ocak had a ‘prize'‘ot’ fame'for4whloh \ ;
itho”annual* convention’ of"
iCompan’ It. was: thoi ‘frat ‘timo ss ST PTE pa
rn ssi, that’ gots eee ‘inventorthad' i ae " Bukeard, May" ‘Reveal Great! Secret, - oul :
ra ve Caploying ‘When’ T'was ss le ni yar ’r. notteaa: ‘those Atirkoy ‘buzzards, ' i
"" ghirrounded’ Thyyt on, partorm' a Ted naIn:midalr without ‘tho quiver of & feather. |:
i mercial World, whio,(2ke is 4 “They.roso'and ‘fell, floated or gilded at ‘pleasure; |!
: ‘inventions tn/oonnection\w i ey ald It-I don’t know, but'I do know that
. P's “don't! get ia ; ho eonauaat: of tho alr wit Rot” have i
* Ike st rhe Tid." a :
adie! C h
have ‘forge: ‘tho, frat nale a the ;
VE ‘am, convinced ‘that. in» tho’, ‘Moar |,
mployed: for. commercial -PUrposes,
nce been’ enade ‘Publi tor] persons
rr ‘Progress from; that! Dolnt- is extremely
ofsthe eropiane ‘will: ‘be ‘the! searrying ‘ot tho'matts,
the'rapid’ advance | in’ ‘eviation~tti ts, ay u Der
8 mariner’ ‘and'tho” torrestriot travel
“alas. § / Otherwlse
“Cook: ase
dua ‘been, ere
si
orthy: In respec ot lento, ?
han beon mora spectacular ‘than’ volta Mn
ventions are, yot -to, come.’ = wilt
le
‘and! disounsed : the aclentine’ aengat
‘He eatdsy f°
ry, ‘good: one froma solentife polr
the successful, employment of
Fccamageirpasen in ‘wirelosef telegraphy
rvellous’ ‘tol those: ot; engaged ot soley
t}
et
Espainorla ‘a now’ talking.
een,
ft the ‘submerged: stench’: to:thel fevel of
lltdaak up’ the’ cWorkingman iby [provide
m: ‘all. the ‘monta} Anke, and:thifs/oompet
foth tion ‘wht: ‘providg’
oj resegroh,t)' rt HR
; ntcomp Lagntiwit one uci ll
aS 3 pa ea i
a
Rosllmltedt
ee ie
a
“ eel gontres pact
& mastered the art ‘of'avine
=
URES EXPERTS |
a pel a $
WILL STOP iN NEWARK
Where: the Party will: be Given Recep!
' ,tlon by Board of Trade—Then Will
Visit. West’ Orange and’! Big
»., Factories. | a
“Thoriis A, Edlson will feialeal a. dis.
tlazntshateomdfy of Japanese at the
laboratory in West Orange, on Wed-:
nesday, October 20, who will stop at
the plant as port of thelr itinerary
through the United States. The name
of the body fs the Honorary Commer-
cin] Commission of Japan, It will tn.
{chide fifteen trade experts, five of
Wwhom are selected from the different
departments of the national govern
ment and the rest Prony the principal
clties of Japan,
, The stop of the distinguished vialte|
ors in New Jersey will first be made
In Newark, where the Hoard of ‘Trade
will give them a -reception,. After.the;
factories are visited, the party will
come to West Orange, where Mr,
Edison and his assistants will escort
the commissioners through the various
bulldings at the plant.
Mr. Edison, when asked If he would
receive ‘the “Wsltors, replicd:
-“By all. means send them along; we}
pwant to show them what we have and!
‘how we do things.”
» All tle large industries of the coun-
pty. aru! welcoming the party. nn the
{party! are:
Baron Bilchin Shibusawa, president
“Dantteht’ Bank, aud Duroness Shibus-
vawa; -Buyel Nakana, -president . of
Chamber of Commerce, president of
{Stock Exchange and Member of Hotise
‘of: Representatives; Heizayemon *Hi-
“biya, . president Kanegafuchi Cotton
iMill .Compauy . and - vice-president
;Chamber’ of’. Commerce;, Sakutaro
Satake, president Toklo Electric Light-
‘ing Company, special member Chamber.
,of. Commerce and member of, Houso
jot Representatives; Kenzo Iwahara,
wjdfrector of Mitsui & Co; Kalehiro:
-Nezo, trustee. Chamber of Commerce,‘
ipresident Tobu .Rathway Company,
‘and Member of House’ of Representa.
itivess Zenjuro Horlkoshi, exporter.
' (glk, goods,) and’ Madame ‘Horikoshi;
Kunizo Koike, broker, ‘Tokto | Stock
xchange. and: ‘member. of. Chamber. of
;Comineree; - ‘Rinnosuke’* Harg,: repre:
jsentativa” Takto *glass” umanifactures;:
“Tokungauke:;., Machida, -;; sili, ‘thread
Dp a
1109 Wrye«4-
dealer and ‘trustee’ Chamber of Cor
merea;,, Narizo Takatsufl,'. direct
Kanegufueht .. Cotton Mill Company;
Toraiiro : Watase, proprietor; ‘Toklo
Konoyen Nursery; Suyeo twaya, mem-
ber of Hakubunkan Publishing Com:
‘pany; Baron, Naibu Kanda, prafessor,
‘Peer’s Cehool .and Baroness Kanda;
‘Talzo Kumagae, physician; Takujsiro
“Minami, professor of Tohoku Untver-
valty, Nogatu-Hakushi; Motosada Zu-
-moto, proprietor of “Japan Mail” -
Qsnku—-Michlo Dol, prestdent Osaka
‘Blectric Lighting Company and presl-
‘dent’ Chamber of Commerce; Toku-
.goro) Nakabashi,, president Osaka.
Shosen- Kaisha'-(85:5:1Co.);" Bokuahin:
Ol, president Sulphuric Acid. Company:
sotatnnner! tot House: of! Representa-
“vest Tosttio—% era wnat
pecial: | member.
Commerce” and:slawyers.
‘Namenoatike‘Ishibash),;: member of
House of Representatives and journal:
dst; Yelnosuke Iwamoto, broker, Osaka:
‘Stock Exchange; Helbel ‘Sakaguchi,
silk. weaver,
+. Kyoto—Jihei Nishimura, president
Chamber, of Commerce, textile mer-
chant and member of House of Rep-;
yesentatives; Scigi Nishlke, secretary:
Chamber of "Commerce.
* Yokohama—Kahel Otano, president
Chamber of Commerce and tea ex.
porter;) Kinsaku Soda, member of.
Chamber of Commerce and bankers,
Akira Shito, president Sik Conditlon-
‘ing House and Special member Cham:
ber, of Commerce. ,
Kobe—Kojlro Matsukata, president
Chamber of Commerce; Kumejiro
Taki, manufacturer; Shinkicht Tq.
mura, exporter, sooy. :
Najoyn—Kinnosuke Kanno, mem-
ber. Chamber of Commerea and’ bank*
er; 7 Tominosuke * Uyetone,.-vice- pres
‘Ident Chamber. of Commerce’ and, di
rector. Sharyo, Kaisha “(Wheel Coit
Morimatsu Ita, banker. +
——
——
ERISON CONTEST WINNERS
Tésts Made “at the New York Business Show
Result in Some Splendid Records and Dem.
onstrate the Great Value of the Edison
Business Phonograph as an Aid in ‘Corre.
spondence, 7 5
A feature which attracted universal attention
Square Garden was the Edison Tra bing
contest, in which a number of operates con-
tested for speed honors and for the prizes
offered for the best and specdiest work done
by means of the Edison machines in transerib.
ing on the typewriter... -
The splendid records mide’ at this business
show demonstrate anew the great possibilities
of the Edison Business Phonograph fin the
business office, and are evidence of what can
be accomplished by operators using this
method, Three prizes were offered for the
best records made, a gold medal, a silver medal
and a bronze medal. 4
The winner of the gold medal, Mrs Anna
D. Day, of 158 West Sixty-first. street, who
wrote 433-10 words per minute (after deduc-
tions for all errors) on an Underwood type-
writer. The dictation from which this’ trans-
cribing was done was at the rate of 1150 words
Per minute, ry
Miss Bertha Lange of 304 Arlington avenue,
Jersey City, was second, winning the silver
medal with a record of 40 7-10 words per min-
ute (after deductions for errors) on an|Oliver
typewriter, |
Miss Anna, McManas of 2107 Fifth avenue
was third, winning the bronze medal, with a
record of 87 2-10 words Per minute (after de-
ductions for all errors) on a Remington! type-
writer,
The remarkable part of this “performance
was the freedom from errors in transcribing,
Vv . Phow, ~ Aleneral ”
fo
showing the perfection of the modern Edison
Business Phonograph, the winner being penal-
ized for only 3 per cent of errors in writing
the total of 523 words in, the ten minutes of
the contest,
When we consider that the ordinary dicta-
tor docs not attain near the spced of 180 words
per minute, at which this dictation was put on
ae the New.York-Business- Siow av fitttsenr——tle-phonograph for transcribing, it can casily
be scen the Proportion of time that any busi-
hess man can save in giving his dictation to
the machine, to say nothing of the convenience
of never having to wait, : :
The Edison Transcriber has the great ad-
vantage of being able to write from the phono-
Sraph fully 50 per cent faster'than she could
write from stenographic notes, with greater
convenience and less mental effort. The fact
that she docs not have to take stenographic
notes casily saves half of her time and thus
she is employed constantly in productive let-
ter writing.
The modern Edison Business Phonograph
has been so perfected that all of this is possi-
ble. The motors are of the Universal type
that operate on any electrical current, either
direct or alternating, and the dictator has the
advantage of making corrections or additions
to his dictation at any time, so that there is no
penalty for adopting this modern secretary,
With the aluminum hearing tubes of very
lightest pattern and the loud, clear reproduc-
tion of the dictator’s voice, thy stenographer
now finds it more easy and pleasant to type-
write from the phonograph than from her
shorthand notes.
The contest was in charge of Professor J. N.
Kimball, 1358 Broadway, New York, and a
competent set of judges which’ were selected
from the International” Typew: iting Contest,
under which rules all of the deductions and
the judging was done, ‘
——
4
{Thomas A: dluon, :
(ny sails
nee : fam | here.’ elie
“SALDM, N. ¥., REVIEW PRESS,
- FRIDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1902:
ANS EDISON IN: SANITARIUM.
"Wife of Famous Inventor Is Suffering
From Nervous Trouble,
“Mrs. ‘Qhomns A. Halixon, wife of the
famous Losentt onl:
‘ran .at i ils, v “rool, Mews tatters
‘ag from nervous trouble,
PoMrs, Mdlaon ts atiended night and
‘any by a nurse, but rest ix all she’
needs, her attendants say.
son did not seek ty bide her
st iy ca PMs. JP
ietds her attendé ta, Bay.
{Mrs illaon did not seekt-t@?lilds hor
ce
tle. Creek, ;; Mid
wife’of the
“a1A Edt see
ide £ ldentitys peislenta aia
IAL gealaon, Oranges Nest. 2
ay
——
——
bE 92:
Tiel earsvnniantia'vee
IMMENSE AMBEROLA DEMAND.
Difficult to FIll Orders on Schedule Mate—
Cabinet Factory Working Day and, Night to
Catch Up—Orders Heavier Than Anticl-
pated, %
While the Amberola enbinet and machine go
on sale, per official announcement of the National
Phonograph Co., Orange, N. J., Wednesday next,
ft is doubtful whether the Edjson jobbers and
dealers will be in a position to show moro than
a sample, F. KK. Dolbecr, gales manager of the
company, when asked by The Review Monday as
to the status of Amberola shipments to the
trade, said: ts Ne :
“It is true the Amberola ts authorized to be
placed on sale December 1, and » .ie the date
will not be changed it fs doubt’ , whether we
wlll be in position to fll orders «# was antici
pated. Our enbinet factory is working night and
day and we are having a lot made on the out
side, still we are way behind, 1t looks now, in
view of the grent demand for the Amberola,
that we will be in no position to supply beyond
sample orders, In fact, Jobbers have taken far
in excess of what was expected, even on 2% very
Uberal estimate, hence the congestion. . hay
parts of our plant engaged on Amberola Jutits
tire also working the full twenty-four hours, and
this crowding the factory to the limit of {ts ca-
pacity will be maintained until we can sec day:
Hight in the Amberola orders, that have simply
been rolling in.” -
Regarding the Amberola itself, the company
say further:
“Since its Informal or preliminary tntroduc-
tion to the trade, during the week of the Hud-
son-Fulton celebration, September 28 to October
2, In New York, the machine has been demon-
strated by a special corps of salesmen to jobbers
and dealers in various sections of the country,
and the verdict rendered {In New :ork has been
sustained in every instance. Instead of mild,
formal approval, its appearance has elicited the
most wnquatified praise, It has been unhesltat-
ingly pronounced to be the most perfect high-
grado phonograph ever submitted to the public.”,
; 1D MUSIO ON’ : Hoe
ais EDISON RMCORDS.
ty and vary
g featurds of the Bdison.Phon-
Record ists for Decomber, In
minuto lst Souga’s Band ™ Is
“Manhattan Beach’! and. "Rl
marches (one cylinder); "‘Vic~
Orchestra renders
Airj” Herbort L. Clarke; the
fomous cornetist, offe
Herbert's
D
1904
3) vom - AeurreQ
“Po'keepsie, N.Y. - Star
are: the: distin-
rs his solo, “The
Bride, of the Waves;" Harry Lauder
‘sings ‘three of his most popular oe
ibers;: and thero aro yocal and. Instru-|
‘mental offerings by regular and. spo-|
laitalent .° te yin
‘As 1s customary, a feature number Is,
‘specially arranged Obriatmas Dand’
‘aolection, introducing a.mixed quar~
‘¢ette and chorus, There is o, similarly,
‘arranged number. in the two-minute
Nat, in which list Hérbert’s Orchestra
‘also interprets “Mendelssohn’s Spring
Song;” Souan's Band adds new! lifo
to!The Yankeo Shuflle;” Joslo Sadter
eings. “"BL-ND and P, G.;" Will | Onk-
ond, Mnnuet Romaln,’ Grace Camuron
‘andthe regular Edison staff of artists
aro heard in-a varlety of pleasing Be,
jections. fede aa
i-Pho “twenty-elght Grand Opera) Reo”
‘ords,.on sale December 1, aro the best
efforts of such operatic staré as Flor-
‘enclo Constantino; Leo Slezak, the
‘Austro-Germanic , tenor; . Riccardo
Martin, the American tenor; Blanch
‘Arral’ and’ Adelina Agnostinelll, so;
pranos; M. Duclos, tenor; Louls Nug. ac
celly, baritone, and’ Gaston . Dubol : oe i
tenor: The Italian . Amberol” Recor{: _ ge gt
list 1s: augmented by two.numbers and. go" ee
the; Standard. by_one. gilt " sh y
go ges?
‘
‘ ‘sHidiggn Records for December,
Sousa’s -Band, in..‘'Manhattan, Beach"
{and-"Bt Capitan” marches; ache Ate
_Tendered by Victor Horbert and :his: or-
chestra; {Ihe Bride of the Waves,” a
concert solo by Herbert L. Clarke; H
ty Louder in three of his feature ‘song:
‘Manuel-Romain, Heed Miller, Wit; Oa:
land,-Edward M, Favor and other prom-°
fnent. vocallata, together with 2 pleasing
amusical--program-~~of—unueval; ;. variety,
combine to form tho attractive December
iAmberol- Record lst of the Edison? Pho-!
nograph. In both Amberol and Sta
sts appears the annual Specially ese
vanged Christmas band solectlon,’ >:
‘In addition“to the contributlons” of the
regular. staff of Edison artists the two-
minuto Ist comprises. "Mendelssohn's
Spring Song,”: by Horbort nnd Orches-
tra: “Blend and P-G" sung by : Josle
Sadler: "The Yankee Shuffle,” by Sousa's
Band; solos by. Oakland, ‘Romain and
Clough; and a monologue by Cal Stew-
Bue: qlatian Amberol list ts increased
-sclections =
arab one : and the. Bland
1.1n: tho: st of 28 Amberot Grand ‘Oper
records on anle December 1, Apnea the
dames of such prominent figures in oper-
atio. circles ag Florenolo Constantino, the
joted Spanish tenor; “Leo: Slezak,’ the
itar of. the Royal Vienna Opora. House;
Riccardo Martln,the firat¥Americin oper--
(tlcttenor of note; Blanche -Arral, whose
ent debut ‘at Carnogie’ Hall, New,
Zork,: created @ sensation; Adélina Ag-:
‘atinelll, soprano;. M. Ductos, tenor: Louls'
{ucelly, ‘baritone, .and Gaston D:
aDiaewereseanes
[PHOTOCOPY]
ea ae
PTA OE TARE i
. aes, GEFs , het, Bestand Larsest, -.
: a ee ae IICOMESRATED 1005,
Ler Destand s weest. ew
NOORPORATED 1885, pe
ets pe Doce he e
as: Tom the
ey, 5 : '
\ “had ti
oH | f i 4 : : oy £8)
tof ., aw YORI, N.Y. MN. @. RET CTS
pet Ve lest Bren) ye NEIW. YORK, 'p
: LL Sayan cay ee ee
bok POBox SUNDAY, DECEMEHA 42/1409.
t
f
| , .
: ; .
: bate i the DEAL eis ae Watney ne a F me aneenine negipeiners ©
W aeraae sin Evanuville, plement,
s eiiet!
: "at Tne” Garriott ; fi
; uy Ns nigut for the, Henney ' lf
R weet an's suffrage Association, | Bes
t + =
t ren arte =
: eg0N FORGETS ENGAGEMENT! a”
' EPIgo? Riupinded of Dinner {a i ie
rsa to Be Beminde ea ty
Bed His Honor. ay | Hy
ie Th Rly } fee tas it ‘
SS One at a ie eer
: is: eau who had vet Orson j The aeulna of Kallsan tas at last Lacn i i ISTINGUISHED MER iOHoR! fe ae
: ot his taberato; ee ra scents | } draught winder trlbate te, the workl-wide ie poner EDISON, AMERICA'S eh
. a tite 4 3
ens 28a aU volee In hls: SAP] 1} gutsctonusy enterprise. ‘thn, Central ote i MOST. Aly: i een h
Mro Radfeon, Tant seein a at Habu chorel fs to have a oteiklng ai : fe A an : i
oial Plaza in Nant nis “T gon af heathen fo through the iedtuy i COAL tha Union League Club, ‘Thars. : i
: eon “ite hanaled, Tato” aN a AN ge a cariie oplidupade: Thus meprie pic lay night, Arthur Avilllams, head of 4
a ne Sto te 7 ? tH aure fins hive feu seal ty) math he loval Mghting Interests, enters 2
: or of) . . athe . i :
: an sactuters who dee! ‘ é it ti Gait connection with the wht. IF ‘ alned In Ronor of thomas, Aa daiioon, {
: hin “uribmte aa te oneer 1 airy: katy and iatleot on Mendays 1. Mspecially for (he oreaston. a wing q 5
rh 2 Wweelvanionta Oe peace, after A Doe Gt at the eluireh. ‘Two. years oat the elub had been trausformed tn. §
= ‘ Q ; :
a ebiacted’ perlad of cantly litigation, ne rato wis BONE Arn He eee i @ a Parisian ‘portiee, “Under a cane 3
7 eee etmeeeneen ; euro thee plotures, Wiese men - | 3
ee | ne a ae ehh and dane, | by. of artiste design, a profusion of
S pietures wadue tho owors, palms, olinshig vinos: and
juny colored elootele bulbs, produc.
ng novel electrical effects, made a
etting. ef | -delighttul dseorativo
plendor, In ‘this Verltable folryland
nner was Served, and the guests,
wwentytive in number, gathered,
icomlngly far from the staid ang ex
Juslyo club house,
‘There wore toasts and speeches in
dlonty, and to the ; senlus of the guest
at honor aly patd Romago, while ‘for
Mv. Willams’ -zood fellowship there
Vas nothing but: pratso,
A feature of the dinner was 2 dee
eldelly novel souvenir menu on which
‘waa dzuwn caricatures of each of the
guests, Throughout the evening on
full orchestra anda nuober of high
class sutartuiners provided ‘abundant
enjoyment,
Those: present were: Thomas A,
Edison, Kdwara ‘vy, Johuson, Aviitant
3, Dowd, Stephen IC Rood, Frank Acf
Merral, Albert B,. Merrit Paul Gi!
Thoband, BR We Kendle, Horved{
Durand, "Altrod G. Wheeler, Ir, Witt
Mam D. Ne Perrine; Fy eeunie. DL, Monj
tague, Louls H, eine Benjandn
. Afeor ioe. § on, Frederiek G. Pott db,
: &) ‘Hasper, George §. s, 6 Terry, Ganerat Bae
x Ward C, ONvien, ‘Dr. co’ ft Se Curter,
. George TV, Wilson, Willi Hi Demor:
. ae : i : ext, .Samuol W. Fatret dob
doe Sate é . ‘HPhompygon, - George Hy ound
: ust ae Cart
‘Sereeroernnnen eeenee: Eel
a doch ‘ ei Bete . |
wordnet
preatest ditt
hero pletay beting the
; | the awiul need of these far
1 Deture thy very vyes of Cho peopl
i] of dal
shown
Herne te
: dentely. fu I Pangaea ‘ith th
many stereopticon,
be shawn exhiblthig
cuntoins and
moving
fides wit
vats phases:
SPT RAS LR EL TR OPT
ides
of heathen Hle sad wirstonary work
around Ue werkd. =
i
Tho: Meroign sovlety of the Chrividan
ebureh da briaghig: th SeOn es patir
pp thet peaple, Thhs te aorace opportunity for
. rt the. people of thik aby. No aduuisstou,
| be charged,
; Cadi Inlevested fn miyston work
ROP.
ta fi
eS IIIT Erie
- spare cordially invited to alt of the
1] Vives, 16 lo Mas my, 2 tu dp a,
D phe We af
Miuixters Crom thls elty and a number
“trom adjutulus cithes wil bo present and
ane short addresied. fl
CUTS PRODIGAL’S. SHARE,
A dournal-Nows Speetal, Servlec..
oe
a
:
|
|
3 t, Best an wa
i
f aah ‘sos’ Means: tho’ Building of Three
ous in, One—Economcal, in the Long
R i} but Expensive! ‘at \Firat—Reaulta
efrom ithe, Conversation ’ of:an, romantic:
ny
tet ty tho | conerate!
e “Calr-cast, eh 5
rv Wie?
‘gonorete” ‘mans.
‘aomgthingtots) \
mething” oftiat yess
ie arotright.!Yotyit:
prot, him, ainco the Intorproe,
‘widely: advertised’ bum.
‘an cond. ‘to 'those*-fooltah,
“only to ‘disappointment.
oncrete; man?.*
neva conorpte ‘atr-caatlos? Why
‘BO Soprensingly. 0}
veaitoonstadee that:
somothjag i’ oft a D
;phrasodmaker,sand
bo y
agant "agtoait nim jan,
saan Yes wan jong iow ploneerg:
onprete’conatruction/| ip
td] enna tha bt
Batt ‘oonore t9” ab use’ w,
2; shine bna: “who pray:
build 4 thelr\-onat)
atithem? ray! tHe"
beng? ra ‘a er ero nnten th
80° "ibaa ‘attimedthatta’ arent’ gloom:
‘come’! upon thins ie iwould hove} Ber
Alotscease-“theln:olamora,»'
RHOTOCOPY
diis; the, herdgonamnetdcnlat (ay
279 he” Bay tiem: nya A ry "Very tle money the. “you
nian eretudoneertu “angijhopes; cond a nimas a nel ‘posttion’to laugh at) to are
deny t\ithaty having’: masaed; Ithros? thot ont} fres, a ‘icant dwell sacure An hig, torte ea)
’ Ric ao can: got’ aboyt® bulldln: rresat tilthelsis}) onerablo, an. 9 me John!
: Burroughs, '{ Hoe
NS: But the" ‘bungalow aghool, of mranlinctivel
[ by’ no; moans patisfea the bulldén’ ‘of hoon*
soreto ‘alr-castles, ! He. wants this" (ndler "3
‘scople ‘racoption-room, his ° "drawing-room!
with an octagonal bay window, his -dining-
Knoomst with ¥; yodrneray romantiesllyeshanpad.
off; his “brary swith caves) to: hooks elyou,!
het ‘winding tof an As el oe :
FER CERES houses‘ in,a popul
iMe ait have attracted jand ‘conyincad:
him'tyaunday-' “specials,” describing’ Mr.
jdlso ot’. forsiturning }.gut. ‘such’
ea, both” by“and? for ‘the, "millions,
Nettino. room ‘for sceptloism. He has’
notjon' of, the:process,*' You stajca? i)
ne otiPortland' .cemont, 'mi!
r Lely adding thofdirt ‘due 6 out trom}
qoliar,'\and'yppeqtol ': Thero- ‘riges Ya}
Ko, 7011! Int one’.plece, abaglutoly “Are-:.
ae Snever'requiring’ palnt, and Bitted,
jot \durabilityinthat’: ‘wilt nold# {ts toa
Khory rinse! Voraoklot ‘doom:!; The son,
siNS man) Nistons,:Aa his visstoroutlin ny
na" "'and™thon inquires" about.” tho,
ney. Thaolean young gentloman’
baa: atammers, nd’ namess'e sum,
tjoally cent At(this ‘polnt iti bes‘
he “opnoratet man’s: duty!to advise,
a3 voatmont: “wby'\ a thous:
chow! fre fan ‘a! flgure®
o
{Meainblor en
f ho’ ‘mora’ ‘than{Dorle
orate’ bungalow! suits not hi
‘ambitious ‘and ' aeathoticall:
) With 6 theuaand dollars addo
[sconcrete ifokers
This’ Idole} ai 4 feornes
Bo" far, ‘#0 clear, Let us, n
tha‘ antering } atid the’ need, ontiack’ 9)
needifor® Atooljrevpforcementy, ‘Tho 'pipaieedt i
ies nie fcomostwithin«that figuyo! nl hmed ‘by shops
oat Carchitecte—tho; humbog"‘estimata Pld,
‘a thousand/doliars;. “but ‘why. planter ich
ry thre carne oc perhhp husunt cheap; hauso “scheme. ‘doesnot minh
walla 9 “olin to, bands ebtell eee poene: tqmplate’ eap Chou ‘of’ hollaw walla“and“d
agate Ituelt; const ‘contompiate piaatoring qiireatiy onthe
n'a heart}, ‘orote, Ywhioh ifleads . trouble!’ th;
thetdo.'t)\4.
olatusg t's a vy fi
Riithentare:the platures in'the popular 40 TK EES IY i
| nd now, weation’ of ‘retintor LAY
Knal Sm rrant ties? ‘Is ‘Mr,’ Hdtson's:|! Hl Under! JauMotent® ‘strain, concrate:: ncoreenieeyy
mee Jeo: dolusion?’ "Yes, and ‘no, Yas,
fa thationly ‘the’ most. fnvorable clroum-"
mtances andthe ‘rarest’ can ever actyaltzo |,
" oat’ they’ claim.:*"Yeu,:
nee rat ighe
ae lgon'haenot yat: ‘wrought'the:
ra Ase Jay) "apootals’!'\'denoribo.;
Hide Cie teet eta clroumatances * (by' |,
Inge anelston be ‘be! ‘regarded na" ‘examples)}
Ine’ ‘the’ ploturea;and ‘in that’ Mr. "IEdi-"
pon'a: “prosect may,;era: long, vindicate the |:
Yepectnls,"» ‘though * Soee bag ‘our slocal’ ene: |!
ginger, Who:-has‘seen’ tha
romiaing;ungonyine a f
bh AO | ‘the-conorate!m| otal paso y thus}!
hay rivet "of “concrote!{s about’
; That’ ts why; tho ongineora Inaert, atoel:rods,,
twisted tlko"lightning rods, “befor ‘tho"wat
yfemont * pours’, Into. tha’. mould,
there, and” guarded‘ ‘againat:ellp ty
form ‘attends’ to’ that) they’ “prével
ing ‘the? Washington" street} tunnat ty
" [ miles of ‘auch meee des
| entiomany ‘and given: a additonal’. “thoy!
Jeand: dollars’ neceasary. fo ‘thetranalation:
{,0f his abstract dream Into 'a:concrete;actue!
attty, how. will hia’ completed: ‘alrcantio. Jook?,
Ait eveaal ang well.s\'Phera Hang rllpate, \eatltal
| ies! ; iasj:nosfary eon
It rane Fecmeat! the ‘mo-,
ygonsider tho mould. "Eventual.
may raault—Indoed -wilt-=but-
Rexontyalis congmies ‘are ‘not the. ones:our,
ale. cub youne ‘gontloman - “especially” ems}
hos! beach Eh; concrete ‘house ‘will’ really,
dedsno} paint, it/ will ‘rently require!.no; In-
Y aneat! eswill really last eternally, 'if!not
‘ rigentvettt! ‘Involves at ith, outsct‘an.exs.
aortha-bulider of . ‘conerete alr-caatles has
prerloekads Bala plastor ‘onst, ‘it must
thaveite mould, ! Tho AMQuid must/bo dealgned,
feted’ allicone
yDeautiless,| “
Judgment, icouldifth rbut*notedithel Ina:
Vohnrmio oft'rgcentivcemant fardhtteptiire a9
shown. in’ the photographa the 'conorete: man:
delights’ to; exhibit, "Choy: would perce|va’
f enact: ‘righd* economy, : not’ the regtri igtlong; of!
oigoweplccomoved, and: Sthrown™ away—most giant art ‘that! knows \practenllnojvreattfoy
trrdndiporaaquently!the-abodo| demands |! jptlona, spolled’ the ‘liney\ot tho#feotarieatan
st preoitonte mass:ot" material /and‘an |. ¥ powor-houses, which,|i truth’ to'tellij arag bu
lny}foraborithati!bave’ ‘nas y ; bungatows of, a !vaster vand:tim ref; tas
tr atl) : erpwth, Dhol! uglineas commen a
' on.’ (lamally. repoating ” ‘a albgle
tho; whole, ao'that’o! singlel nat,
oan ‘be uned'Atty” tlmes:, over. ou
Thee? ‘upshot 7/4 /Oury! ‘aonoret na mat
poates: overy;ctat tor! his: commodity! except,
that ‘of " tho Jdolahinety-elght inegiigibility:
tof tts. cost: Goto hips with’ a, banic, acodunt!
(hig enough to found any;other mie of gat
‘alized alrcantle,Jand’ you, wilt nd hime:
to bulld ‘yout ong/oficamenta erie pk
iivith ‘a ‘atory: of’ gravel” rail) mayan tho tot,"
of. hands* -akilled sinirearpantey. 0 . tCavihebd
with Ha ‘ttt tor {iaseat ‘measuring, fond fof!
muscle‘andlelaure' enough :toplett youfdo)all
the works: ourself: Vin ‘that: 3oaNe;} ggainsine
-will/cheer {youion.’s But” se Siar ee
in! the: Peru, fous nel and’ a8 forthe spn
\day jale,! 5 fyou “ le
“nosey, ‘valle, widorer them.
28
: % goncrete, |:
Laltegeas the: |
ee ‘atructui food tooms ‘olumsily’,
pope tools, anything,.but!costly—
ae Rnere slumber,’ in" ith may, soot
Het iN meama ito take 2 2
to tegpot tt Act Yon that f
Brel Arohitect” and
ra wit accumulate
nil that,
ne cee laces
p ha anita) place,”
ie fahioningy ‘eek tee i4woode: 1
Pabusda.y cnet InsldoiFitho/. others pitta
Ae Tne the’ wet. concreto“to
rechten of Tho’ smallest | souvent
heck aR your: two" wooden
hi} ducatiteelt,,:! 10° east:
OW, eh arg’ all’ tl
; aller nine
if!
md galn..''Hor, a’ bungalow,’ the cost’
Hi shotita’: slight: Not caring iparticularly
e owt you ‘bungajow'looks, we your!cani; con~
fatruct;s twoj large {packlng-boxes,. fe tho* first
'{higfehough ‘to%contath' tho: other! and) ‘have
‘| “Finished !porteatly’ 'on the
r ehould \ylotd': youasv‘many |
{ ‘of! tho! frat ‘room -as’ you ‘neod,
pe: tire-lover, ‘not 'far ‘from "Boston,
wan “bungalow ‘that can be. inhablted
jalt hth 3 ‘year around; , his~ caso, somowhat
x eeptisnaty. finds'tho ‘concrote man‘‘acqui-
cont. {\Tho' nature-tover. possesses a ‘gone
Rite for, mathomatice and fine akill at cab}.
on temakings: ho-has telsure and, Inclination
ptot build with ‘hia own hands;: tho. gravel
See concroto“oxtsta ‘in * plenty, on the;
Het Injdihe, is* not? overscrupulous® rogard.ij
cing) thin? bungnlow's’ appearanco,/ ‘The con-
rete”’man' encourages him to RO! ahead, |
}
j
F
\
i
H
1
{
i
ae eran ee
[PHOTOCOPY]
an
J lan sey
THOMAS A. EDIS
OF HU
BY ALLAN
listen to Thomas Alva Edison,
telegraph-operator, inventor, mil-
lionaire, and philosopher. He has a
message for them.
Edison sees invention transforming the
world, Already there has been a stupen-
dous change. In one short century more
progress has been made than in all the
preceding centuries. Invention has made
the world rich.
All of this Edison can see by looking
backward.- But it is when he looks for-
ward, and tells what hessees, that the poor
should take heart. He sees invention not
only making the world richer, but ma-
king it happier; invention doing almost
all of the hard work that poor men and
women now do; invention flooding the
world with such a wealth of material
things as it has never known—and intel-
ligence justly distributing those things
among those who make them.
- “The lot of the poor,” he said, “is
destined rapidly to become better. Not
much longer will there be such a thing as
poverty, as we now know it. In a hun-
dred years, machinery will do all the
manual labor. And I dare not try to tell
what a world this will be in two or three
hundred years. No mind can yet picture
the immensity of the changes that are
coming.” .
: This from a dreamer? Yes, Edison
is a dreamer in the sense in which all
inventors, philosophers, and poets are
dreamers, He can sometimes see things
with his mind before they take shape for
the eye. With his mind, he saw the in-
candescent electric light when there was
no such light. In like manner, he saw
every invention he ever made before he
made it, CLs :
And now he sees a new world coming
while the old world is yet here.
lS the poor take heart. Let them
a ae ae
FOBT?
1
Sc hae
Slagazine 19 0F (1 2.) —
4
ON, BENEFACTOR
MANITY
L. BENSON
“Invention has always helped the
poor,” said Edison, “ but in future it will
help them more—help them tremendous-
ly. Invention, from now on, will not so
much tend to make a few men rich as to
make everybody happier.
THE MACHINERY OF THE FUTURE
“In my opinion, the great development
in the immediate future will be in the
invention of highly perfected automatic
machinery. ‘Thus far, for the most part,
we have been able to make only machines
that turned out the component parts of
things; then we have assembled the parts,
But the day will soon come when leather,
for instance, will be fed into one end of
a machine, and completed shoes, packed
in boxes, will come out at the other.
“Why not? It’s entirely feasible. The
construction of such a machine is all a
matter of brain-power. Men are coming
who will have the brains, They are al-
ready in process of making. The invent-
ive faculty. develops by use. We, in
America, are using it as are no other
people. We are the most ingenious peo-
ple in the world. And having learned
how to create machines that will make
the separate parts of things, we are ready
to take the next step and evolve machines
that will make all of the parts and put.
them together. Within a few years, au- —
tomatic machinery will do almost every-
thing, and two men will suffice for every
thirty who are now employed.”
“What .will be done with the other
twenty-eight? ”
“They will be put to work in other
lines. The more cheaply we can make
‘ clothing, shoes, houses, furniture, and so
on, the more of those things the people
will want. A human being is a hog for
everything except food. He can eat
only about so much, but he would buy the
49
367
[PHOTOCOPY]
420 MUNSEY'’S
earth if he could. Perfect our automatic
machinery as we will, we shall never lack
a demand for all of the things we can
make. ‘There will always be work for the
other twenty-eight ; but their tasks will be
lighter. A hundred years hence no ‘one
will labor more than four or five hours a
day. It will be unnecessary for anybody
to work longer.
great an abundance of things, we shall
demand more leisure—and we shall get it.
“ Moreover,” he continued, ‘except in
the shops where machinery is made, there
will be little or no skilled labor. The
constant aim of inventors will be to turn
out machines so nearly perfect in design
that only unskilled laborers will be re-
quired to feed the materials into them.
“Only the other day, I saw a: forecast
of what the workshop of to-morrow is to
be, It was a pin-factory, A foreman
was sitting in a chair, reading a news-
paper.
The only other worker in sight was a boy.
He was feeding wire into the machines,
and the machines were turning out pins
by the million—all stuck into papers,
ready for the market. Within the next
century, almost every factory will be like
that.”
Edison spoke with the enthusiasm of
a man who felt sure of his facts. He
was sitting in the library of his labora-
ory at West Orange, New Jersey.
Around him were the things that have
carried his name to the ends of the earth
and will carry it to a remote posterity.
Through an open window came the whir
of a dynamo that would not have
whirred—except upon a small scale in a
laboratory—if it had not been for him.
His electric light glowed from the ceil-
ing. His phonograph rested on a table.
His moving-picture machine stood in a
corner. Everything about him breathed
of him. :
A “TWELVE-I UNDRED-DOLLAR HOUSE
“Talking about what invention can do
for the poor,” he continued, “look at
that model of a cement house.”
He pointed toward a miniature dwell-
ing that stood on a table in the center of
the library.
“Two years ago, I said that I was
working on a plan by which I hoped to
cast a house out of cement as a foundry-
Instead of having too.
All around him was machinery.’
MAGAZINE
man casts a car-wheel out of iron, I
now feel safe in saying that I have solved
the problem. All my preliminary ex-
periments have proved successful, and,
in December or January, I expect to cast
my first house. If I succeed, as I feel
certain I shall, the cement house will be
my greatest invention. It will solve the
problem of housing. It will ‘take from
the city slums everybody who is worth
taking. Why, I shall make it possible
to build a house with a good cellar, seven
large or ten ordinary size rooms, and a
bath, for twelve hundred dollars. Come
out and see my molds."
Edison clapped a cap on his head, and
led the way to his machine-shop, In an
open space, surrounded by planers and
lathes, were what appeared to be the
foundation walls and part of the first
story of an iron house.
top showed that there. were two iron
houses, one set within the other, with an
eight-inch space between. Into this space
cement is to be poured ; then the two iron
houses will be taken down, and the fin-
ished structure of artificial stone will be
ready for occupancy.
“YN dig the cellar of this house with
a steam shovel,” he said, “and cast it in
six hours. ‘I'wo locomotive cranes will
lift the two hundred and thirty-two cubic
yards of cement that the house will con-
tain, and pour it into the openings at the
top. ‘The cement will pass through
twelve sluice-boxes, and as it is being
poured, a number of men will churn it
with iron bars, at the end of .each of
which will be a Iarge ball. The churn-
ing will be for the purpose of sending
waves through the cement, so that it shall
fill every particle of the molds.”
BEAUTY AS WELL AS CHEAPNESS
In this house there will not be enough
wood to make a hundred-dollar fire, even
if all of it were to be consumed. Floors,
mantels, picture-moldings, and decora-
tions—all will be of cement. The bath-
tub, washstands, and sinks will be cast
of ‘the same material. Edison says he
can make cement bath-tubs that will be
as smooth as highly polished glass. All
that is required to do so is to have highly
polished molds. “Wherever beauty is de-
sired, an extra finish will be put on the
casting forms. ‘hus, he says, he will
A peep over the.
i
are
a
’
aati ad Sete A a et
:
[PHOTOCOPY]
THOMAS A, EDISON, BENEFACTOR OF HUMANITY 423
make mantels that will be equal in de-
sign and polish to anything that can be
, . Made of wood. They can be made to look
like wood. “I'hey can be painted, grained,
or stained, and so can any of the other
decorations.
Edison has an eye to beauty as well
as to utility and cheapness. He does not
want to be known to posterity because of
the ugly houses he has originated, His
main purpose, to be sure, is to make a
good house cheaply; and therefore, to
cut down cost, he has figured to the
smallest details. ‘The iron hinges wilt
be set in place before the house is poured,
so that the doors can be hung when the
cement is dry, A.groove will be made
around each floor for a strip of wood, to
which carpets may be tacked. But having
thus provided for utilitarian things, he
has also remembered those that please the
eye,
No street of Edison cement houses
will be a dull thoroughfare of uniform
color and design. One house will be built
on one plan; the next on another. One
house will be gray, another red or light
green, while the third may be yellow.
Everybody can choose his own color.
Tinting the cement before it is poured is
easy,
Wet cement freezes in winter. Recol-
lection of this fact brought the thought
that houses could not be poured from ‘fall
until spring. Edison, also, had thought
of that. T'urthermore, he had found a
way to surmount the obstacle created’ by
low temperature.
“ Before a gallon of cement is poured,”
said he, “the furnace, radiators, and
pipes will'all be in place. When I set up
my building-molds, I shall simply place
’ the heating-plant as if it were ‘intended
to remain in the iron house formed by the
molds, ‘Then, if it be winter, I shall start
a fire in the furnace. That will make the
cement, after it is poured, dry even better
than it would in summer ; so cold weather
will not interfere with the new method of
construction.”
THE ADVANTAGES OF CEMENT
.No lack of confidence in this!, But
read on: | : P
“The advantages of my cement houses
- may thus be summed up:
““They will be indestructible by fire,
4
‘Therefore, no fire-insurance will be neces-
sary, :
“ From a sanitary. point of view, they
will be perfect. They can be easily kept
clean, Remove the furniture from a room
and turn on the hose—that’s all there will
be to house-cleaning, :
“They will be warm in winter and
cool in summer.
“They will be better than anything in
which working men now live—in fact,
good cnough for anybody. And, not-
withstanding all of their points of supe-
tiority, they will cost but-a fraction of
what is now charged for similar houses.
“These facts, when they become oper-
ative, will amount to a revolution in the
lives of the poor. See how the pdor now
live, ‘Take a man whose wages are nine
dollars a week. A quarter of his income
goes for rent. Even at that, he often
lives more miserably than do many of the
beasts. I have looked around a good
deal in the East Side of New York, and
in Newark, New Jersey. 1 know that
the condition of the poor in both of those
places is bad almost beyond belief,
“Many of those poor families would
like cleanliness, but in existing circum-
stances they cannot have it, In the maze
of dirt in which they live, it would do
no good to try to dig out. My cement
house will change these conditions, Run-
ning out from every city are trolley-lines,
along which land is cheap. A quarter of
an acre, or half an acre, can be had for
fifty or a hundred dollars, I shall try
to keep the cost of the house down to
twelve hundred dollars, and in no cir-
cumstances shall I let it be more than
fifteen hundred dollars. And I shall
limit the profit of the builder to ten per
cent. ‘The benefit of this invention shall
go to the poor for whom it is intended—
not to a few contractors,
“T do not intend to build these houses
myself. All I shall do is to make the
first set of niolds, and demonstrate that
cement houses actually, can be poured.
Then I shall license contractors to use
molds made from my designs. There is
where I shall get a grip on the con-
tractors, If they will not submit to a ten-°
per-cent limit on their profits, they cannot
use my invention, .
_ It is probable that I shall go over to
New York, interest some of the captains
soiree Peers
za
[PHOTOCOPY]
”
424 MUNSEY'S
of industry, and lect them build houses
on the basis of a five-per-cent profit.
Building by this method wil! really re-
quire the resources of a corporation. It's
too big a thing for an individual. . A
“single set of molds for a house twenty-
five feet wide and forty-cight feet deep
will cost twenty-five thousand dollars,
In order to work economically, a builder
should have four sets of molds. A crew
of thirty-eight men will be required to set
up the molds, pour a house, and prepare
to pour the next. Four days must
elapse before the cement will be dry.
With four sets of molds, the’men could be
kept at work all the time, cither taking
down molds, setting them up, or pouring.
Such a crew, thus equipped, could pour
twelve houses a month.
COST, EIGHT DOLLARS A MONTH
“Now, what would this mean to the
working man? Assuming the cost of the
land and the house, plus the builder's
profit of five or ten per cent, to be fifteen
hundred dollars, the interest upon the in-
vestment and the taxes would not amount
to more than a hundred dollars a year,
That’s only a little more than eight dol-
lars a month. So this house means not
only an actual saving in rent, but an
enormous improvement in living condi-,
tions. The working man will have a fine
home in the suburbs, or in the country,
for less than he now pays for a miserable
hovel in the slums.”
The announcement, two years ago, of
Edison's belief that he would soon be
able to pour cement houses brought two
kinds of comment—one kind from work-
ing men, another kind from builders.
Working men, the world over, flooded
him with letters of appreciation and in-
quiry. From every country in Europe
the letters came. When would the plans
be ready? What were the plans? Par-
ticularly from Italy, where there are
many cement houses, the inquiries were
numerous, And from every State in the
Union letters have come from individ-
uals, firms, and building and loan asso-
ciations, Every letter was answered. ‘A
printed form told all there was to tell,
saying, in effect: ;
“T'm working on the house. I believe
I shall succeed. If I do, I’! give all the
facts to the world.” ;
MAGAZINE
So much for the favorable comment.
The other kind came from builders—big
builders; the kind who erect New York
sky-scrapers, ‘hey didn't believe a ce-
ment house could be poured. Impracti-
cable! A dream!
“yr CAN'T DE DONE”
I told Edison what some of the New
York builders had said, but the news
didn’t seem to irritate him,
“Those fellows couldn't be expected
to understand how J am going to do this,”
he replied.“ They have no imagination,
‘They make me think of the fellows who
told me there was nothing in the electric
trolley, After I had worked on the trol-
ley for some time,'spent forty-two thou-
sand dollars on my experiments, and got
the idea where I thought it could be made
commercially successful, I went’ before
the board of directors of the Edison Elec-
tric Light Company, of which I was a
large stockholder, and made this propo-.
sition :
“© Reimburse me for the money I have
spent, and I will turn over all of my trol-
ley patents to the company.’
‘*T well remember the meeting. It was *
held at the corner of Broad and Wall
Streets in New York, in the building in
which are now the offices of J. P. Morgan
& Co. The directors were some of the
most prominent men in New York. There
was just one man on the board besides
myself who thought there was anything in
the trolley, He was Henry Villard. He
was in favor of accepting my proposi-
tion. All the others said the trolley was
a dream, and they rejected my offer.
Spencer Trask, by the way, was one of the
men, and I guess he is making more
money out of electric railroads to-day
than any other one man in the country. ,
- “So, you see, it doesn’t bother me much
to have men say that something I am try- ,
ing to do can’t be done. I have heard
that story before, but I never paid any at-
tention to it, and I shall not pay any at-
tention to it now. I'll pour a house about
the beginning of the year, and, by next
spring, others will be pouring houses all
over the world. More than that, this new
kind of construction will ultimately go
far toward doing away with the use of
lumber in building. Lumber is wasteful.’
It is too easily burned. The fire losses
Sener on Cnn ere bt a
[PHOTOCOPY]
~
THOMAS A. EDISON, BENEFACTOR OF HUMANITY 425
in this, country amount to something like
three hundred million dollars a year. Be-
sides, the end of the lumber-supply is in
sight.”
-Yet Edison the philosopher and econo-
mist declares that neither Edison the wiz-
ard nor any other inventor can solve the
problems of the poor merely by giving
them) good, cheap houses and perfecting
automatic machinery.
“T expect that a machine will yet be
invented,” said he,“ that will take cloth
and buttons and turn out suits of clothes
for men, without a human hand ever
having taken a stitch or turned a seam.
But what good would that do the poor if
the price of clothing were to remain high?
A PLEA FOR COOPERATION.
“What the poor must do -~and this
they must do for themselves, for invent.
ors cannot help them—is to cut out the
profits of the middlemen. They must
adopt the principle of cooperation. Look
at the big cooperative societies in Eng-
land. ‘They havé made a good start over
there, :
“Take coal, for instance. 1 buy steam
anthracite at the mines, in big lots, at sixty
cents a ton. It doesn’t cost so very much
more to mine anthracite of furnace size.
The freight rate is half a cent a ton for
each mile. Furnace coal can be bought
by the ton for six dollars, or six dollars
and fifty cents, Yet the poor buy their
coal by the scuttle, and pay for it at the
rate of perhaps twenty dollars a ton. And
they pay proportionately high prices for
almost everything else that they buy.
“That's because they are paying big
profits to middlemen. Let them get to-
gether and do away with the middlemen,
When they want their winter's supply of
coal, let a great number of .them cooper-
ate, cach contributing, say, a dollar a
week to a common fund with which to
get their coal. Then they could buy a
large quantity at the lowest price, without
paying out more money each week ‘than
they now pay, ‘They could buy almost
everything else in the same way.”
A VISION OF TITE FUTURE
As Edison spoke, evening had come on,
In the dim light he appeared, in his duck
suit, a mere figure in white. His auto-
mobile stood at the door, the chauffeur
waiting, as he had waited for an hour, to
+ take his master to dinner. But if the
chauffeur was impatient, Edison was not.
The future, into which he projected his
mind, interested him.
“We are very near,” he said, “to the
most wonderful changes. Nature is full
of the most amazing secrets—secrets that
can be turned to our advantage. We have
discovered’a few of them, but as com-
pared with what there is to know, we
know nothing—nothing !"
He snapped his fingers and pulled
down the corners of his mouth in the
most contemptuous way.
“ But we are learning, and some day
we shall know. We have just started in
the field of invention and discovery. ‘The
start is always the hardest to make. Just .
think what we might do, for instance, if
we should develop even two more senses.
Everything that now comes to us must
come either through seeing, hearing,
smelling, tasting, or feeling. We remain
ignorant of the existence of a fact until
it translates itself into one or more of the
five kinds of forms in which we can rec-
ognize it. Does any one believe there are
not many facts that cannot be translated
into any of those forms? I don't, And
I believe we shall develop other senses.
With each one will come a flood of know!-
edge.”
For a full minute, he sat in silence;
then it was I who spoke:
“Do you believe we should know this
world if we were to come back in three
hundred years?”
“ Know it?” he replied. “It would
‘scem as strange to us as if we had never
lived 1" '
DAWN
Arter the dreary deluge of the dark,
Forth flies the deve of dawn away—away—
To find and bring to earth’s unanchored ark
The olive-branch of day.
Frank Dempster Sherman
ot ae (coe eee (ie
| : :
Clippings
1910
peta, Peeve oe
[PHOTOCOPY]
; Re ” 1 ap
st, Best and Largest;
INCORPORATED 1885, |
o
‘No, coasessersene
C reer 7 |
En pat Trey
Oe ae
ERawhy
: Reo Brooklyn NY; Tinea,
~ i 7 ; Me t 4
; “3 Be bo 4 310
. rf .
ray .@. 12108 : \ t ‘ a tah ;
fonn re eens we toe 5 C} vity Taman Cathoite Churens sere
fi Charles Batchelor, ri Fi aut pe held Spathe chureh to-morrow, M;
‘pr, 78
Through an error the hame of Mr, Tay.
Awjlor was tnserted into: tho funeral notice
ful yesterday of Charley Batcholor, Prest-
ey dent of the Taylor Foundry Company, at
3r.{ Morgan and Norman Avenues, which toolc
bo} place on Tuesday afternoon at hls homo,
be! 170-Wveat Twenty-Atth street, Mantinttan,
» [ Mr." Batehel
H est witow, Mury Dundur,
i Rehters, te py
‘ac nd three si
ane. Edith, May an!
ne
‘Chailes Batchelor,” ac
* The! funeral of Charies Batchelor, Pres
{dent.of the Taylor Founitr: company, 0
Morgdn and: Norman avenues, thla “bor
Ough,, tool place yesterdny nfternoon trore
= ond, 170 Wet Twenty-ftth streot
1] Manhattan. . The Enlecopal burtal rite:
ter which the Inter
‘the ‘Gimlly: plot a
Woodlawn Ceonictery, “Mp. Taystor was &
vers of une. Hoe ded very suddenty ot
aturday tunt of apoplexy, after guttering
from’ a previous stro! Q,.* fOr - xevern
’ nonehns Peta lor itt one time was t
purtner.-o; oMmas Aw Wliton. He’ hie
Amuesed a. fortunaseche SSOP ved by -&
widow; and two daughicr:
’
ves
Thomas \Mulrane,
Lr aan
Amann: Marinonn baad
[PHOTOCOPY]
MR. ARSHALL INST ae
‘HIS BUSINESS “LIFE,
oe —
magtiee "yeaa Se RR eg,
j Mr. John Trumbull Mars! ait waaea
graduate of the scientific sectlonrot
the, class of 1881.of Rutgers College:’ i
In Ogtober, 188i, he jomed thq.forcés
omas A.- Edison,..who, was: th ‘
t
H
“ag .the sliding scale or"
sSnotometer. "This “photaeaets
aan
idly,
joepule
Avithout, clectrical inatrumen
nl Eperlenced operators ‘to ff
flimpw for volts at d gi x
(are: 1 of ‘bo!
limps iproguce gnudy are
' Tt Sea:
When Mr, Edison ‘op his, 1abor=
tatory in West Orange ‘In°1887 hf-tootk
_Mr. Marshall with him, and. he~ had
charge ‘of the life testing’ of incdndés-
cent lamps and he also experimented
3 upon them. -. i
; i He came back to, the Edison; Jamp
works about 1889 and was enga mh
‘general experimental work: congggted
‘ _ith- the development of tha carbon
: ;fifament lamp. Later on he took charge
i of the, experimental swvork, for, Ang saRe
H velopment of the metallized; Mlament,
| andj-gp to the time of, hia’ death;
i
i
i
{
experimenting and working: “orty the
tungsten fllament, «4, = sos figsede
: Within the last six months he hdg‘de:
veldped and. put. into. successful
sration what fs known asthe
Pex sande photometer. This.
rei ty, remarkable photometer
ith only one electrical instr’
galVtinometer, and one operator,
are:tested for volts at a given
Penvcandle - ROR Roe |
‘ He.was the author of practically, all
Xe
the, mathomatical formulae used incthe
| ‘manufacture of incandescent lamps {by
| thd, ‘c pany by which he m5
| ' ployed, Yes. gncuben i:
4 “POn‘one or two occasions he ran gal a2
x gerous experiments which’ while Oey
did’ not necessarily. prove” of macy
‘making value to his employers,’ sidw-,
id fearlesa doyotion to. whatijhe
ered to be. his ..duty. , Hep waa
inno
“WHAT. Thos, AL EDISON PRE:
: - \ pets, aa
Domination of labor. -
Cheapening of commodities.
- Laborers living as well as:men
who now’ have $200,000 Income, :
THINGS HE BRERECATER:. :
The monorall. ,
Narrowness of railroad tracks. *
Chemical food. ;
Makeup of society. .
Whiskey.
PROBLEMS TO BE OVERCOME:
Waste of fuel. “a
Friction. 4 I
!
NEW YORK, Jan, .13.—Thomas
A; Edison, looking into the future,
thinks the prospect’ of the labor-
ing man; {sa particularly bright
one.
“In 200' years, by the cheansntng|
of commodities, the ordinary Jabor-
er will live as. well as a man dogs |
now with $200,000 annual income. !
Automatic machinery, -and. ‘Belen.
tifle agriculture. will bring’:
this result," Mr. Edison: says; in the:
surrent issue.of.the ‘Independént,
“Not individualism, but soclal:!apor,
will dominate the future; you- cand
have {ndividual - machines? -and
every man working by. himself: *”4
“There: will be no manual, labor:
in the factories of the future. The!
‘men in. them will be merely auper-;
‘ntendente, watching the machinery,
ito see that it works right. i -
“Eight: Hours of Brain Work.”
“The work day, I believe, will be
‘elght hours. Every man - needs:
‘that much work to keep him out of!
‘mischief ‘and to leep him happy,
‘But it wil ‘be work with the bratn,
:something that men will. be ‘Inter-
:ested in,-and done in. wholesdme, |
‘pleasant ; surroundings,’ Less “andj
less man Will be used as an engine:
‘or aga horse, and: his: brain will,
tbe employed to: benefit: himeel
‘hia fellows,
“The. clothes of ‘the: future | vith;
ibe -so cheap | that: overy- young.
; woman “pro ..be-ablo—to—follow, «the.
a SE
jfashfons romptly,j and : there ill,
she. plenty:of fashions...
an
elton» ec certeaten toes ent i eer HEY I
ne
RES-EDISt -EDISON
“Communication *.
worlds hasbeen suggésted:: ‘YT think
we ‘had better stick to this: world
and. find out something: about «It
“before we call ‘up our: nolghbors.
.They might maka ua‘.
sourselves,
ert of
‘take tha sae iaiieehancares
on a4 foot 9 tich' gauge, instead
of a: B8-foot, gauge, which we will
probably have to come -to yot.
Aeroplane of the Future..
““The aeroplane of the tutire! will,
T think, have to be on the hellcop-
ter principle, A. successful alr ma-
chine must be able. to defy the
winds, If Wright's aoroplane had
one-twentieth “of its’ surface,: the
(wind would not affect It, The hell-
copter prin@ple 18. the only’ :way
to rise above atmospheric cond!-
tions! By increasing the velocity
of propeller revotutions, the ‘size
of the machine can be diminished,
and thereby we vanquish the hos-
tity. of the wind: “A helicopter
could have foot-stze planes distrib-
uted on a 100 to 160°foot circle and
controlled from. the center. by
wires, .
“Chomical food has been worked
out pretty well by Emil Fischer and
this students, but it won't.be a com-
"merctal proposition.- You cannot
béat.the farm as a-laboratory, com-
mercially: speaking. If wo should
dryiup like Mars and couldn't raise
‘vegetables on the earth, we might
‘turn to a chemical diet. vir
‘Must Cut Out Whiskey, Bod
.“Soelety. will. have to stop thi
whiskey. business, which Is Ike
throwing ‘sand in tho benrings: of
(a ‘steam engine. ..
“Among the. many” problema
twhich await sohition in:the future;
one. of tho most important 1s to: get
the! full’ value out of fuel. “This
wastefulness of our present meth:
oda, of combustion {s treniendous!
éré-issnot~as-much: power, dn
ato er centidynamite- ay
asec
Be
‘thage: ia:ia’ ay ton.of; eon)
Se ome as
a
a Md:- Sy
Mattlenare. Md: = Stn
Aas Ry 10.
EDISON. ON THE. FUTURE
The Monorail, Ho Snayay ‘Dace Not
Appeal Vo Win,
In an intervié® punttshed In the Inde-
pendent, Thomas ‘A.’ Else: icribes some:
of the prob “HIT to be
solved, and outlines some of the pouslbSli-
tens of the world for tho future,
"The problem of fuel,” he says, “is one
of the big problems'of the future, We may
find out tomorrow how to get all the power
from our fuel—we, gct only 15 or 20 por
cent. now—and on the other hand, it muy
tuke a long time, Water power is being
‘rapidly developed, Maybe the utitization
of the tides wlll follow, More practical
‘are windmills connected with storage bat:
terlea to lay up the engrgy.of-the winds in
electrical form,
“Bun engines aro promising’ contrlv-
ances, In Arizona there fs a 30 horsepower
aun engine run dy focusing the raya on
Water and uslpg’a steam turbine. In steam
‘tog volcanoes there in power whlch might
‘ba converted {nto electricity and distributed.
«, “To get rid of friction in our machines te
otic of the future problems, The only ma-
‘chine without friction that we know Js the
vorid, and It moves In tho resiatless ether.
‘The monorall docs not uppeal to mer
j At waa'a: ‘fundamental mistake thnt our
raitroada were bullt on a’ 4-foot 044-Inch
instead of a O-foot gauge, which we
wil provable liuve'to come to yet.
“The .neropinne of the future will, I
think, hayo to be on the hellcopter prin+
ciple. A successful ale machine must he
ablo to defy the winds. If Wright's aero-
{plane had one-twentleth of its surtaca _
wind would not affect it,
“Tho helicopter principle ts'the only way
to rise above ntmospheric conditions. By
Increaalng the velocity of propeller revolu-
tlons the size of the machine can be df
minished, and thereby we vanquish the bos-
tillty .of the-wind. A helicopter ‘could
haye- foot size, plunes diatributed,on a 100
ta°150 foot crete and controlled from the
center by wires."
“Cheinteal food hna been worked out
prettyiwell, but it'won't be a commercial
;Droposition, There are tot of synthetic
j (oles being made, but you can't heat the
farm as n Jahoratory tn-thnt Ind. .
“The clothes of the future will he so
cheap that every young woman will be able
to follow the fashlons—nnd thero. wit be
plenty: of fashlons. . Artifictal silk that is
superior to the natura) article [g now Tanda
of wont pulp. 1 think that the allkworm
barbarism will go in GO years, Just ag the
indigo of Indla went before the synthetle
{produgtlon ot Indigo 1n German’ Jabora-
; tories.
“Tn 200 years by the chenpentug, of com-
‘ modittes, tha ordinary Inforer will {lve as
-well.as 4 man docs now with $200,000 an>
nual income. | Automatic machinery. and
selentifie agriculture will jbring about thls
result.
"Not Jodividuatlam, but! aociat Inbar wil
dominate, tht. fu 4a FOU, cant, dave In: »
dividual mach! yory mon Working
by blmself, ” iter conatagtly- hee
come moro soclal an Interdependent; There
will ba no manuni Idbor,in-the factaries of
the future, ‘The mep in. them will bp,
merely anporinten enth: watching the a
[etary to see thot it. work right.
“The work day, r Yelfoye, will be elght
‘Hoare, Every man needs that much work
bto.keep him out of mischief and to keep
ihim happy. But it‘will be work with tha
| bratn, fomething thnt- men will be fater-
¢sted:in, and.done jn wholesome, pleasant
<surroundings. Leas and? leis"man:will ty
suned ax‘an érigine-or as-ahorsg,and hi
brain: witl_be employed to bereft himscl}
tand his fellows.)-"~ *
oe
“ORANGE, N. J. CHRONICLE
‘ 1
SATURDAY, FSERUE
DENIES: STALCIMENE:
{.
f
}
Rau
{ao Redlisedyw ren
Sep aici ian
ules
lorders: Are: “Excee tig! the? ‘outa
i
Be Declaring ithat + the: future “of th.
phonograph was ‘never as bright ag, At,
da today; and that tt ig, in fact, hardly;
‘hoyonil the ‘stage of infancy, Presi-!
@ont Frank I. Dyer, of. the. Naticnat!
;Phonograph Company, of ‘West Or}
Aingo, ‘denies emphatically the ‘Im:
iprestion given: out recently by . arth,
tes in several: New York newspa:;
‘pers, that the phonograph Industry,
Mi the’ decline. P
imho" articles ‘in ~ ‘question, which:
jhave been widely copied, followed the
alo of a block of stock. of" ona of,
ithe -phonograph . companies in which!
Thoms A. Edison fs interested, ‘Be-.
“mistaken impression
say work harm ‘to. the industry, tho
‘company - has -decitted to give a core’
loot statement ‘of ithe facts’ tojthe
ipubli ce.
puMr. Dyer sald in: sregard-
tuation: . 7 \.
My’ attention has been called to-a}
ent article In‘. New’ York. daily:
[Hewspaper which. ‘bas- been widely!
jeopled, and: wherein it ‘stated that’ tho!
future = of tho phonograph .was<-not!
very bright. This article is entirely.
leading .and ‘docs: not’ accord-/in’
_Way with the: views of mydolf.
‘Hyona connected with-the Mdlé
Ks panies: . The future or. the pho a4
graph: Was: never so'-bright as fife the},
(Rreaent. time}: in fact: I: feel" thatthe;
isurface “has hardly ‘been™ memneate!
Orders arg: coming .in, a0”. rap;
ene resent t mie nets wo. are. ni
Zand? thos 8
“Mie tact!
arIng "Iii withyciys
to “the:
‘aleaaet faniashwefatg- concerns
: concerned
the: tutura’ Piisenanee awe Sbezaues:)
RY 12, iota! allghte
‘the biginess,. why should wo be spend:
D «Dp
Da It“ any. ohé Sof- us“ had+tne;
doubt: as: to‘.the: futuré_:of
andreds of thousands of dollars
yer in. advertising anda ‘core
responding amount in the development
“new lines and: in experlmenital
‘ork? . et
“mM connection ‘with tne, very artl-
! glo’ wider consideration, it is inter
: estlig to inquire why, If Mr. Edison
chas any-doubt as to tne future of the!
© Sushiess, -he should be
willing, ;to
spend $155,000 In cash to. acquire = “a,
minority stock interest? Tho whole.
‘transaction was simply. this, that “in,
the: carly days of the phonograph:
Dnsiness. this. particular minority.
“‘plock of stock of the Edison, Phono-;
‘graph works was acquired by out:
‘ile interest, and was later put,’ up:
“as collateral to sccure the: taste’; ¢ ft
bonds of another independent com-;
patty, {not controlled by Mr. Edison),
having rights in certain ‘foreign coun}
Hrles; and on which the snicrest pay?
‘ments were defaulted. These: bond:
‘holders, were anxious to realize some:
‘thing from their Investment and Mr.‘
‘Edison was willing to‘ buy. the. stook,;
(80, that the transaction was consiui
miated,
i - “Phe ‘"Hdlgon Phonograph Works, a8
‘persons familiar with © the business
Adiow,~is a separate company focated)
hat Orange and ‘engaged gnly tn. the’
‘manufacture of. machines,; which are:
‘turned over to and jaro distributed by,
‘tle : National Phonograph . compiny.!
{Whe- Natlonal company manufactures!
lall Edison ‘records: and sells directly,
to tho trade. The National company,
in’ -assats,. property” ant ‘amounty of:
sbusinoss done .is* “‘immeasiitnbly larger,
ithdan Edison Phonograph Works. ky
{-ATho* purchase. of) this. jblock- i
ta hia saine: atore, according
ado'ln the United ‘States, Diitrict Court
nee to-day, by. Judge Humphrey. : “The ote
(sues a perpetual iyjunct jon. eainnt Job:
T,-Urenner and. Mrs. Clara DB. Oakford
Quincy nt ‘the instance of. the New Jersey,
Patant Company, which controls the manus}
‘fac ure ot Tall honograph records. avy
ea were charged :wit
haying Violated a coutract In, welling: Ele
sonirccords at bargain’ prices,’ ‘Tlic’ court's"
‘declaion “perpetually enjoins’. the defentl-!
note ‘from selling’ records manufactured’ by!
the New Jersey company helow lst prices;
‘Asin further order, the court forbida- tho}
‘Quincy parties from selling the. Edlion* rec
‘orda in the sume store In’ which Coluinb’
ior eylindrical recordy are sold,
+Patenta held by the New detsey. cords!
‘covering the manufacture of: pliono;
records were decinred wld. Parties to
mit settled out of court claims for.d
ages -for past, violattona charged, The,
cision” ts connidered .one of the most?
portant ones given by {ne courts covel
‘he snle-of sound reproducing machines
BING'TON; ¥. Y., REPUBLICAN
RATURDAY, FERRCAAR' 1h 1910,
TALKING PICTURES,
‘PLANNED:B) f
ms of mtn ;
Rares
4 production i
Seem Alive .
{working on ap
imotion pictures and tho phonograph’
ni
Unto; tho school roomgtt feat bo ‘of,
(gombini ine
“phonograph
that they. avill operate
solthat tho ‘moving pictures on. O
‘screen will literally ba mado to talic:
Hols: certain’ that this arrangement
will! create greater Intorest in tthe
studics of school childron, espeotally,
ihlatory,..- geography . and eee
iWork.
Color hotography will be used’ in
tine menufacture of tho picture filmy
and ‘tho exact colors’ of nature will: ‘be
Iecuted in this. way, making the come
ibination muchine of great. valu
‘tho: ‘etudy of: potany. -
fy ypractical — denionstration: , of the
pparatus, will be. given the
ster’; part: “of. nth"; before
{Board ' of! ‘oiieation of! Now, York,
-e
LITTLE: ROCK, Ark... GAZ'TH,
Os | noe * . .
SUNDAY, MARCI 13, 1910, -
BODY OF HEIRESS —
FOUND IN LARE
Miss Helen Bloodgood Discov-
“ered, After Three Days’ ©
Search Only Through
Strange Accident,
u
loodgeod, ‘the young -helresa.""f0'; tho:
artuno of William Bloodgood of this;
ty, ¢ame to ‘an unexpected end : this:
corning whan,, by .a strango accidont,}
ao was fount’ dend in the waters of:
ake Carasaljo, loss than a mile «from
ao cottage whero sho had been living
a Lakowood, N. J. b
‘The fourth day of the exciting pur-
ait of fulso clues was coming to a
tose when William Pendol and John
Youghty, two boatmen employed « by
fr, Bloodgood to search tho lake,
ard cries for help‘ coming from a
‘oint.in tho water a faw hundred feot
rom Luurol-in-the-Pines, ono of tho
‘dshionable Lakowovd hotels,
we ot Pind Body of Girl.
. These boatmon had beon draggin
che Jako with - grap ling frons for
lays and thought thoy had covered/ov-’
iry foot of tho bottom, but now
tho disturbance of tho water at
particular point by ‘tho capsizin,
Jassel’s boat the body of the girl:
Aisiodged from the tanglo of weeds a
they espicd it about threo fect undor
the surface of the water. t
Thoy towed the body to Kissing
Bridge, n narrow span across tho inlet
to tho lake, ‘which, according to ‘all
theories; wan most likely. tho place
from which Miss’ Bloodgood leaped to
her death a fow minutes after her es-
capo from the cottage.
. Pha body wag clad in’ only ,a night
robe which Misy MacArthur, ono of tho,
nursel, suid shé wore whan sho leaped
from. the window and fléd Jast Wed-
nesday morning.” 001 |... .
; Girl's Great Beauty Apparont, -.
* Tho. girl's great beauty was apparent
éven‘in death.” Misg Smith, the other
nurse, was summoned to the bridge to
idontify tho bodya *MeanwWhile ‘hin?
f-patrons from the-Laurol-in-tho-
and ‘from’ other Tinkowood hotels
‘had“rushod .to’ the scone, ou receiviiig
Aowas: thot. tha: seareh;-which hay ardua+
dial Lakowood,’had ended :in tho trag?
fu discovery... TAAL o
+ Detoctivo: ‘Reilly. wont’ immodiately
to<tho“ottage ‘of Leslia: Fort, non’ of
tho-Now. Jers Vornor, whidli'..was
tho house: Mr 7Bloodgood. engage
IFlo
the uso of-his daughtor during ner ner:
yous aftiction, » Mr. Bloodgood came to
tho: door. "flo was exhausted’ from tho
long search and when he heard of the
discovery of the body-ho collapsed,
"Mrs, Bloodgood Faints, <
* Mra,-Bloodgood! waa absunt when-tho
hows -was- brought-to: the;cottage. Sha!
rotted in-the,evening, and?;was, -mat.
‘vy her-trosband-at One Ino,
jatihisyface told:hor:tho trith or nearly,
and sho fell ‘fainting tn his arma, | *<
Roveals New Edison Invention... /
i: Tho ecarch for Miss Bloodgood was
‘one of tho most thorough and far rench-
ing ever conducted in: Naw Jorsey ond
vas particularly notable for the rove-
Intion,of ono of ‘Thamas A. ison’
remarkable olectrical 7 3,
. Mr, Edison, on reuding of tho dissp-
Ponkauce of the girl sent word to Mr.
Hloodgood that ho wished to make a
search of tha Jako, that he-would im-
mediatoly send to Lakewood a new elec-
trie light, which burning under water
would illuminate tho bottom for 20 or
30 fect in all directions,
Thiv offer waa gratofully aceopted, al-
though at that timo and in ‘fact up to
the uctual discovory of the body, Mr.
Bloodgood had been convinced that his,
daughter was alive,
AN: 2-194 Dcrtiee
| Newark, Jan... 9-Pannéd py a
Strong wind, ‘flames -eatly:: today "ue.
-alroyed the plant of:the Fuilson mare
ifacturing plant ‘at Bloomfield, +N. +I,
.How the fire. started’ ig unknown, but
before it was discovered by the wateh
man 'the. flames had enten thelr way
to the roof of the storage warehouse,
: Before the arrival of the bleomfieldt
‘firemen the binze had Apread to one
of the adjotning -buildings ‘and calls
for help wore sent to Newarit-and
‘other neighboring towns, For a time;
At was feared that the sparks ‘antl
flamlug brands carried ‘from tho. fae.
tory’by the wind would’ fot. flre to’ the
Timer tenements nearby: and -all!
he roofs in.tho. vicinity: were:
by volunteers. ae . ee Bharded
he Edison plant is located .in-.the
heart of the Malian colons. in these
ver ‘Lake section of Bloomfield. «
The bufldiigs, ‘whieh. were © all
frame, burned. ‘like’ tinder, but, the
snow stopped: the. fire tron ispread-
Ing joittslde the plant, Nearly. all the
storage batteries. used ‘in ‘the other
Edison: factories ‘are mate: iny’ ‘this
Place, and it Is expected: thatthe de.
‘striction of the’ Bloomfield ' plant will
cause much. delay in the’ manufac
-turing department, of the vother ' fac.
‘torfes of the .conipany. « ie ote
All fvotght" ‘cars. which shad been
isidetracked from (he.Erle road onthe
spur running to’the shipping, hougo ‘of
‘tha factory were: hanted out’ of danger.
thefore :tho fire’ reached this. part. of;
‘the plant, What ‘the loss-Is. cannot
Ue LestImated,..as,yat, .by..the oficlats
of jhe company. ’ Aeveral hundred men
: be ‘thrown, out of employment"as!
A Teall, of the'fig CnPvovment aa
> Aa
FIRE WIPES QUT.
EDISON. PLANT
FUTILE’ FIGHT BY NEWARK
‘AND BLOOMFIELD FIREMEN.
JWire-to-day destroyed alx frame build-
Ings in’ Belleville, N. 0, which were
‘used by the -Edisow company tn making
Slorage batteries. ‘he loss wag $20,-
000... Fifty men were made idle by the
blaze. PSs wpe
“Whe structures were near the Bloom-
field city line. ‘he fire was discovered
At da. m., and the Bloomfield firemen,
after a vain battle to save the buildings,
appenled to Newark, which city seut
ald, . . < F
» Ovevheated ovens started the blaze,
lt was said. A strong-avind tanned the
flaines as they swept from one wooden
‘steucture to another until all qe
burned down, :
- Dwellers in nearby. tencments !
Cearhig their homes would eateh tal
x aneees
i
pecs
BELLE.
‘Reading, Pa, ~Bagty |
UAN-29°4910:
pannel
© PLANT. DESTRO
Z —The plant of
cew ¥ n. 19.—The
Day orl dnutecturing: Company
ue eile N. od wag practical.
we by fire today. While it was,
destroyed Oy OS rack ‘oss would A
rexceed $50,000, it was feared t i
ithe, othors 1 uid bo rel
jin. their, .
*talninssn
-——
|
:
j
‘
‘Herald!’ Oh, what zi// Mr. Bennett say!’ upon the illimitation of human credulity ;
487 Qa
;
d
ere Nea Os at Matt, Sree i
ie ater eo + aS EEE SS ens
[PHOTOCOPY]
[From Outlook, vol. 94 (February 26, 1910)]
of last December that ‘Thomas B.
Connery, then managing editor of
the New York © Herald,” rushed into the
office of that journal, at the corner of
rape and Ann Street, two or three
«hours earlier in the day than was his wont,
* and sought Albert E. Orr, the city editor.
so ole carried a copy of the “ Herald ”
of that morning, which he flung down and
spread out on Orr's desk, and, pointing
to a page article devoted to an account of
the discovery of an incandescent electric
lighting systuin by ‘Thomis A. Edison, he
inquired, almost tearfully :
“How did that stuff get into the paper,
Mr. Orr? Lights strung on wires, indeed |
You've made a laughing-stock of the
a was thirty years ago on the 21st
DRAWN GY WILLIAU O@ERHARDT
“Edison and- the Incandescent
Light
By Frank Marshall White
“ He'll probably say that it is the big-
gest newspaper beat in a long time,”
responded the city editor.
* But don’t you know that jt has been
absolutely demonstrated that that kind of
a light is against the laws of nature?"
demanded Connery, pathetically.“ Who
wrote the article ?”
“ Marshall Fox,” replied Orr.
“ How could he have allowed himself
and the paper to be so imposed upon !*
cried Connery. “ Where is he? Send for
him. We must do something to save
ourselves from ridicule. No, don’t try
to explain anything. Just find Vox, and
send him to me,” and the managing edi-
tor retired to his own room to read the
unbelievable article over again and reflect
Pe
asian ene Fo areca
VST
Sl ees tae ee
7S sceseream
pak Ga
and the prospective anger of the propric-
tor of the “ Herald” when he should wit-
ness the most recent manifestation of it in
the columns of his Newspaper,
The information set forth in the “ Her-
ald” of December 21, 1879, that Edison
had succeeded in subdividing the electric
current and had invented a light better than
gas that could be produced as cheaply,
meant one of the greatest scientific achieve-
ments of the age, with a commercial at-
tachment that has made the phrase about
the potentiality of wealth beyond the
dreams of avarice sound frivolous. It
was not at all surprising, however, that
Mr. Connery should have believed that
his reporter had been imposed upon, since
not only had such leading English’ scien-
ists as William Henry Preece (now Sir
William) and Dr, Paget-Higgs proved to
their own satisfaction and that of most of
their contemporaries that the electric cur-
rent could nof be subdivided, but no one
of all the electricians of the: time, Amer-
ican and foreign, would admit that he be-
lieved that it coud? be subdivided. All the
experimentation on both sides of the water
with the view to the production of a
practical electric light was being done with
the arc lamp, to which branch such men
as Charles I’, Brush, Edward Weston, and
Elihu Thomson were devoting their en-
ergies here.
Edison was only thirty-one years of
age at that time, but his previous inven-
tions had already given him a world-wide
reputation, and the circumstance that he
Was studying the problem of subdivision
in relation to electric lighting had been
known to the scientists of Europe and
America, who were much interested in the
outcome of his experiments, even though
none of them believed that they would
Prove successful. Indeed, in an address
on the subject of the electric light before
the Royal Institution in London the pre-
vious January, Professor John Tyndall had
said: “ Edison has the Penetration to seize
the relationship of facts and principles and
the art to reduce them to novel and con-
crete combinations, Hence, though he
has thus far accomplished nothing new in
relation to the electric light, an. adverse
opinion as to his ability to solve the com-
plicated problem on which he is engaged
would be unwarranted,” That Tyndall
-costly to come into general us
[PHOTOCOPY]
JTLOUR
did not have much confidence that the
young American would demonstrate the
Proposition is indicated in his concluding
remark on the subject, + Krowinye
something of the intrica Vv of the practiead
problem,” he said, ‘ 1 should cortiinly
prefer seeing it in Mr. Edison's hands 1
having it in mine.”
At the time that Edison was making ty
experiments the Brush and United Stites
electric lighting companies, using the ine
lamp, were already in existence, and { hion
Square and Madison Square, New York,
Were illuminated by this light, as well as the
public squares of Cleveland, Ohio, Brush's
home. In 1878 Brush exhibited a sinall
are lighting dynamo at the Mechanics!
fair in Boston, and the plane was after
ward installed in'a clothing store in that
city, where it was intended as much for
advertising as illumination. On the coasts
of England and France the are lamp. was
also in use in lighthouses, and Parts of the
‘Thames Embankment and Holborn Via.
duct in London were similarly lighted
experimentally, as was the office of the
London “‘T'imes,” Nevertheless, in an arti-
cle in the “ Fortnightly Review” for Meh.
tuary, 1879, Professor Tyndall declires
“Though we have possessed the electric
light for seventy years, it has been too
He
Was sanguine cnough to express his belief,
however, that electricity would ultimately
“illuminate our Streets, halls, quays,
squares, warchouses, and, perhaps at no
distant day, our homes.’?
Backed by a company with a capital of
$300,000, composed of such men is
J. Pierpont Morgan, J. Hood Wri
Henry Villard, Grosvenor P. Lowre
Edward D. ; dams, Edison started the
experiments that resulted inthe present
system of electric lighting in 1878) at
Menlo Park in New Jersey, where he had
already invented the carbon telephone
transmitter and. the phonograph. ‘Ihe
difficulty existing with the are light was
that it could not be subdivided into. units
of less than 200 or 300 candle-power,
which was too powerful a flame fi or ordinary
purposes, and further required continu:l
attention. Edison’s task was to devise a
light that would compare in size and
expense with the ordinary gas jet, and
that might be handled as easily as gas,
Peer eer
Leis corals bude Heli ti Ly r 2
of his cfforts to solve’ the asians the
Inventor reached a conclusion as to the
distinctly characteristic features. that e
general system of electric lighting should
, Possess, and he proceeded to give th -
the tangible operative form in ehicnNies
ea they continue to survive in the world-
vide application of electricity to lighti
by incandescent lamps. Gules
Ses
. jidison's first marked accomplishment
operative details was a lamp with a
platinum wire burner of high resistai 2
Protected by a high: vacuum in a he
globe and with the leading-in wriveseenledl
into the glass by fusion, which however
had small illuminating power and un os
tain tenure of life. ‘Ihe next ant
Step was not taken until October of the
following year, when he discovered that
a carbonized cotton thread used maa
burner in place of the platinum rains
answ u Xa
ae sted the exact purpose he was striving
He i re accuracy of the following descrip-
he manner in whict
aD aid h he came to
make the momentous discovery, taken from
IN 1878
THOMAS A, EDISON AND HIS STAFF,
[PHOTOCOPY]
f tet tor by Edison hinsey
: ‘Sitting one night in his labor
a rome of the unfinished itty.
eee He beran abstracted|y: Hollings
his fingers a piece of comp, iH
lampblack mixed with tar for ; sen
telephone,” wrote Fox, + rig uae
minutes his thodghts continued fy ty
his fingers in the meantime ical ea
rolling out the little piece of ¢ i ie
black until it had become a aaa
ment, Happening to glance i it ie
idea occurred to him) that it miviy’ i
Eooercsulls asa burner if made inca
eee at minutes later the enti
mente ‘as tied, and, to the inventor’
gratiication, satisfactory although me}
LL vive
ng results were obtained. Murthor
with
experiments were made,
rns and compositions of the substance
ra h peapeniment demonstrating that al
St re inventor was on the right track,
re dt spool of cotton thread lay on the
oe c in the laboratory, The inventor cut
ous small piece, put it ina groove hee
Veen two clamps of iron, and pl
altered
atced the
N TAKE)
AT MENLO PARK,’ NEW JERSEY
any
PHOTOGRAPH BY LEAVITT L. EDGAR
THOMAS A. EDISON AND C, P.
latter mm the furnace, ‘The satisfactory
light obtained from the tarred lampblack
had convinced him’ that filaments of car-
bon of a texture not previously used in
electric lighting were the hidden agents to
“make a thorough success of incandescent
lighting, and it was with this view that he
thought to test the carbon remains of a
cotton thread. At the expiration of an
He our he removed the iron mold contain-
{cing the thread from the furnace and took :
out the delicate carbon framework of the
{thread—all that. was left of it after. its
fiery ordeal. ‘his slender, filament he
“placed in a globe and connected it with
the wires leading to the machine gener-
sating the electric ciirrent. ‘Then he ex-
‘tracted the air from the globe cand turned’
n the electricity. ay
“Presto! A beautiful light greeted his
He turned on more current, cx-
ecting the fragile filament immediately to
fuse, but no, the only change is a more
‘brilliant light. He turns on more current,
y,and still more, but the delicate thread
remains entire. ‘I'hen, with characteristic
a0): impetuosity, and wondering and marveling
twat the strength of the little filament, he
tums on the full power of the machine
and eagerly watches the consequences.
STEINMETZ AT BRIARCLIFF LODGE
For a minute or more the tender thread
seems to struggle with the intense heat
passing through it—heat that would melt
the diamond itself—then at last it suc-
cumbs and all is darkness. ‘The powerful
current has broken it in twain, but not
before it had emitted a light of several
gas jets. Eagerly the inventor hastened
‘to examine under the microscope this
curious filament, apparently so delicate,
but in reality much more infusible than
platinum, so long considered one of the
most infusible of metals. ‘The microscope
showed the surface of the filament to be
highly polished and its parts interwoven
with each other. It was also noticed that
the filament had obtained a remarkable
degree of hardness compared with its
fragile character before it was subjected
to the action of the current.
“Night and day, with scarcely rest
enough to eat a hearty meal: or catch a.
brief repose, the inventor kept up his
experiments, and from carbonizing pieces
of. thread he went to splinters of wood,
straw, paper, and many other substances
never before used for that purpose. The
result of his experiments showed that the
substance best adapted for carbonization
and the giving out of incandescent light
491
ign aoe eee
Beer ey
=e
was paper, preferably thick, like card:
board, but giving good results even when
very thin. ‘The beautiful character of the
illumination and the steadiness, reliability,
and non-fusibility of the carbon filament
were not the only elements incident to the
new discovery that brought joy to the
heart of Edison. ‘There was a further
element—not the less necessary because
of its being hidden—the element of a
Proper and uniform resistance to the elec
tric current.”
Edison embodied this discovery in the
lamp described in United States Patent
No, 223,898, that was filed November 4,
1879, and issued January 27, 1880, giv-
ing the fine, wirelike burner the. still
universally used name of “carbon fila-
ment.” Improvements have since been
made in the material and in the method
of making the carbon filament, but the
incandescent lamps everywhere in use
to-day are like the lamp described and
claimed in Patent No, 223,898 in all
essential respects. Edison now invented
a radically new type of dynamo-electric
machine that would be sttitable for oper-
ating incandescent lights, and also invented
and constructed in his shops the first suc.
cessful direct-connected steam dynamo,
which was far greater in size and capacity
than any machines made up to that time,
and the prototype of the colossal direct.
connected, steam-driven electric genera:
tors now in use throughout the world,
[t was not until January 1 that Edi-
son invited the public to visit Menlo Park
and witness the operation of the first
electric lighting plant in existence. The
result was that gas stocks in Europe and
America fell to almost nothing, while the
$100 shares of the Edison Electric Light-
ing Company went as high as $5,000
per share. Many electricians refused to
believe the evidence of their senses, and
insisted that there was some trickery in
the exhibition at Menlo Park. One well-
Jknown scientist and inventor challenged
Edison to come to his house and make a
12-candle lamp burn for three hours, but
the “ wizard of Menlo Park,” as he came
to be known, ignored all unbelievers and
went on improving his apparatus, Inthe
summer and fall his laboratory and work-
shops, with many surrounding private
houses, were brilliantly lighted by the new
[PHOTOCOPY]
Tesae at
lamps, and Jong row. of latipponts, ear
crowned with an incandescent Kinap. aty
minated the adjacent highways aud in
ways, Menlo Park becoming ee ot.
show places of the country,
In all the pistory of commerce there p.
nothing to equal the swiftness with “hich
the Edison em oof electie listing
spread over civilization. Syndicay savy
formed simultancously to “introduce the
new light in almost every country in
Europe, and South America.
Africa did nat lag: far behind,
pushed matters with so much cele
itis a disputed point to ay whether the
first actual central elvctric lighting station tw
be opened was the one on Holborn Viaduct
in London or the one in Pearl Street in
New York City. An idea of the pace mile
may be obtained from the records af the
New York Edison Company, which bean
operations in a district about a cy
mile in extent, bounded by Wall, >
Spruce, and Ferry Streets, Peck $i ip, ane
the East River, with its generating plaat
in Pearl street, energizing about 400
lamps, on September 4, 1882. At the
Present time—less than thirty years later
—the company’s system) embraces ull
Manhattan Island and the Borough at
the Bronx, It has 60,000 customers,
and current is fed through = 81,000
meters to an equivalent of 6,000,000
lamps. ‘The capacity of the electric
motors on its mains is equal to 186,000
horse-power. Many of the men and
women and boys and girls who went dewn-
town in the early ‘80s of the last century
to witness the wonder of the 400 electric
lainps saw the crowning achievement in
electric lighting at the Hudson-Fulton cele-
bration a few months ago, when 600,000
lamps blazed nightly and the searchlight
display aggreyated 2,000,000,000 candle:
power.
In 1882 there were about sixty central
electric lighting stations in North Amer-
ica. ‘T'é-day there are 60,000. stations,
and T. Commerford Martin, the electrical
expert, who, with Frank L. Dyer, is
writing a life of Edison that is soon to be
brought out by the Harpers, estimates
that_a billion dollars is invested in the
public lightiny plants in the country, and
that these plints have 41,000,000 incan-
descent lamps connected to their mains,
>
COPYRIGHT t¥04 BY BYRON
ANOTHER PORTRAIT OF MR. EDISON AT WORK
AD »
’ This does not
$3,750,000 cach year. .
complete the list of employees te ee
son system of electric lighting cither, 2
its detail devices require many Pee 4
vyhose nual wages
more workers, whose annual wages
ai Yhus this one inven
amount to millions. x ee
toh i nie ese pay
i hich is only thirty years old, :
‘esa lise $65,000,000 in wages aos
to more than 100,000 wee pai
vomen, as well as the pro! an, i
Neath of a billion doling onl
i i 2 stimate
Mr. Edison’s biographers ¢ mate th
armings ublic lighting
vous receiving aggregate the gross earninne OF pie Wen ul
ee eo, 000 yearly, Aside from stations Se an aS
vases OF ani of workers, 14,000 more SEs ain a ¢ Se abhe fganssceate
are amiploved turning out the 150,000,000 p Pca Ears
2 ise the entire fi o
i sumed annually at the prise iM Pe a Net
; ne See Gea Phin stations, and i ies eetrint A eran sone
hee 1 $ e y have the
oe these are paid at least $8,000,000 per | a i Cae originale. great fortunes,
A oe dated with the inventor
ear, while the manufacture o : tre: asechiea
the ‘amps ee employment but eee charies Watehloe
of an additional 6,00
‘with 500,000 are lamps and Oe
‘motors of 750,000 horse-power. .
apparatus and. countless fan motors a
» heating and cooking appliances a
with electrical energy from eee
more than 2,000,000 horse-power capaci eu
An average of 45,000 persons are ou
* ployed in the public lighting ae
the country, whose wages: Save a We
aggregate to more than $35,000, : vet
annum ; and these figures do no a
clude 100,000 isilated electric plants v
who are paid at Menlo Par a
,
==,
i
Sate
FEM cos es
ue
Se
Bilao ce
Feet,
[PHOTOCOPY]
: : a ES OOTY Hebe UeGastey there
ligehie ie eae: ‘ iD A Vest day POs pe
Marshall Fog toe Ts api to Arias revenue of $2,000,0uy, ant adenine
a Ny : mantowhom paid in wage , vouge eet
BS as Uh 1 1 m paid in wages to 530 employees:
ae eR first information about his million dollars is invents in Mi a
eee i Hiah cree to see itscom- and motors, and the business Nin oe
paged en a ue start, He played 4 gross annual revenue of Sittings
lighting companies ks peinging out teenie and pays $20,000,000 to 30,000 worki ss
n npanies surope, and is a people. Finally, $2 NO.U00 j ace
Prominent figure among American i- in’ ‘ Hiei Iveta
rat an capi in‘telegraphy in whi celison ennaat
talists in England nea eraphy in which the © Edis
: K ys Moreover, ruplex” j rier eiee
here is prnkeEly Hak week er, picx “is _used, and there is 4.
‘yin the entire revenue of $6 See
realm of civilization in whi 500 te ean & toy
ich there are of $30,000,0 tafe
hatch It i a 99,000,000 to 100,000 empire.
miles upon mon aes ageregating Edison’s earliest fame was fouled iat i,
elt : 2 D based upon prea ‘acti york in tel het
Tlisaw a joenienee thay a6 "P {reat practical work in telegraphic inven
‘And i ‘fy i TS ag. tions and improvements bu apelin
system MF aaa electric lighting Way in which a definite GoHAGER: hoe
Thomas A. Edison ded by be made of the comparative value of hn
ciple that the man wh ,0n the prin- contributions to the art, except in the cave
Of Brass’ tow wh ho makes two blades of the “ quadruplex "—by means of hich
entitled he public prattude Paes rs - oe pretiora may work on a alge
“d ager : re—through which ante
s Hee 7 Se benefactor mated that ‘thera has Bere fra
and inventions of “oth a us Jventions $15,000,000 to $20,000,000 in the ex <
contributed essential fase oF eet et matic in this country, ~ Bi
ade tat factors these
hue tie ees to Mr. Edison’s biog." Special Rewoeior ihe ce 4 Ie
more than $7, 000,006 000, than eed at 1902 and 1907, with additions computa
ing annually oe ‘ ee that are earn- upon subsequent increase, and it is sat
and giving Gaiployinenk Re ote Pane sits et etter though they are, they
million people, ‘ brand + are well within the mark, 1 the wie
thie Tee su a0 : om will be paid some- totals are included craton y
aad Anis, 000,000 this year in salaries ped officials and-clerks, It shout hie
It is esti ; orne in mind that the figures j; Y the
times the TICGEY IL din at than four United States alone, aid stk Sone
ing is invested in cle fe in clectric light. doubled to comprise the Edison inventions
largely on Edison's oriitnal bo ae eee ch Similar lines as here in other
5 . i IS, o F :
ae Vue to-day ; wherefore the jewalige and then fall short uf
last quarter-century ,frown UP in the Without taking into consideration the
$4,000,000,000 of ca ital, hy employing propulsive force of the immense amounts
annual revenue of 54300 oat a gross of capital he has diverted from other tses,
Pays $155,000,000 in wow 0,000, and and aside from the fact that he has mike
People, Eight hundr dandihe 250,000 the world better worth living in for all of
dollars is invested in ti ict hone million us, Edison's influence is enormous in
and apparatus, to which Dale ne systems respect alone of the number of toilers who
utes that important : h Ison contrib- earn a livelihood in the industries to
the gross annual even cn transmitter, which his genius has given birth A
dustry being $190,000,000, while it nas, TOUAH estimate of the proportion uf these
$80,000,000 in waren’ while it pays workers to the other inhabitants of the
ployees, In the Heated to g tenons em- country will give an idea of how far.
picture Guslhess ant moving reaching that influence is, Takine, then,
theaters $50,000,000 is the population to be 100,000,000, and
$43,000,000 ‘jis bein id j assuming that all the workers in the Fdi-
80,000 Ate le i paid in salaries to son concerns mentioned above are men
; People. Four million dollars is one of every 40 adult males in ie Cited
ror eT en Od CS BES SOT Ce
dAtes would in a measure owe the op- will pay fitteen per cent profit at a
rtunity to be making his living tothe rental of $6.50 per month, within the
ofeat inventor. suburban trolley radii of the cities. A
GTo-day, at the age of sixty-three, forty- model of this house is the most conspicu-
Rone years from the time he took out his first. ous object in Kdison’s laboratory today.
tent, Edison is in his mental and physi- It resembles a moderately expensive villa
real ‘prime—uand stilt hard at work. He- rather than a building that will come
has made one great fortune after another, within the means of the humblest working
ut nobody knows how much he has people, being of pure white, with a red-
[Ecumulated, for millions are invested in tiled roof, a wide porch, and overhanging
the plant at Orange, New Jersey, con- eaves. ‘Io build this house within the
faining his laboratory, where are grouped expense limit fixed by the inventor, he
hose industrial enterprises of which he is first erects « series of iron,molds to the
ther thesoleorcontrolling owner and guid- height it is to be, and then pours in liquid
ig spirit : the National Phonograph Com- cement. After the cement.has hardened
y, the Edison Business Phonograph the molds are taken down and the solid
mpany, the Edison Phonograph Works, cement walls remain. Edison estimates
¢ Edison Manufacturing Company, the that a complete set of molds for the house
ison Storage Battery Company, and the — will cost about $25,000, and that the ex-
Bates Manufacturing Company. Up- pense of interest and breakage on them
ard of 3,600 people are employed at in putting up a house will be about 3120.
is plant, and there is an annual pay-roll _ If will take four day's to put up the molds,
ff two and a half millions of dollars. six hours to pour the cement, four days
wExperiments are carried on here abso- for it to set, and two or three days to
#hitely without regard to expense. For take down the molds. It has been proved
Instance, his experiments with metallic by exhaustive tests that the inventor has
ores have cost Edison personally more produced a cement mixture that has all
$2,000,000, and those made in the characteristics of a fluid, that flows
‘bringing the storaze battery which he has steadily and fills all interstices and open-
ecently cumplcted to its present state of ings, and that during the flow the heavier
Wperfection’have cost lim a million more. agytregates are held in suspension so that
Saeexperiments in the construction of the they are distributed evenly throughout the
S8Bkeement house on which he is working now mass.
have cost a hundred thousand dollars, The poured-cement house is a work
mB: And what have we yet to expect from the of philanthropy on Edison's part, though
in who has already made so tremendous he does not say much about that feature
n impress on his times 2 Edison himself of it. He believes that these houses will
believes that two of the inventions already be built by the mile in the suburbs of the
Teferred to, on which he is now engayed, big: cities, and he intends to make con-
will have a potent influence in the better- tracts with the construction companics
ment of human conditigpns—the cement that put them up whereby they shall not
jouse and the storage battery. ‘The make more than Afteen per cent on their
ment house, he thinks, will revolutionize investments. Ele does not intend to make
l€ present mode of living on the part of anything himself out of the invention.
the workingman, meaning the doom of In order to get the cement house move-
the overcrowded tenements ; and the stor- ment started, Edison gave up personal
age battery will solve the traction problem work on his storare battery, which is
Eand do away with the use of horses in cities. now completed, however. In the new
“The ‘cement house is Mr. Edison’s sbattery the active materials are oxides
Present to the workingman. Edison con- of nickel and iron, respectively, in the
siders the electric light his most important positive and negative electrodes, the elec-
invention, and he is at present inclined to trolyte (the liquid in which the electrodes
ink the cement house next. What he are immersed) being a solution of caustic
expects to accomplish by this invention potash in water. ‘The retaining cans are
Bis the construction of a two-story house, of sheet-steel electroplated with nickel,
25x30 feet, with cellar and attic, that fused so that they are practically one
496 THE OUTLOOK
metal. The battery is practically unlimited
as to life. As only the water in the
potash’ solution evaporates, so only water
need be added to keep the electrolyte in
proper condition. ‘There are no .acid
fumes to destroy the ironwork of a truck
or wagon, as in the old-style batteries
where sulphuric acid was used. ‘The
Edison battery weighs about half as much
as a lead battery of the same potency,
and in addition to this it will.save about
fifty per cent of its weight in the con-
struction of the truck or wagon itself.
The battery cannot be injured by over-
charging, does not deteriorate when left
discharged. offers accessibility to each
cell, makes it possible for every cell to be
removed, and gives nearly twice the out-
put or mileage of a lead battery of the
same weight. Edison is confident that it
will revolutionize the traffic of the world,
particularly in cities, and that it will rank
among the greatest of his inventions.
Strangely enough, Edison does not seem
to take much interest in aviation, At
least he does not take ‘sufficient interest
in the subject to apply himself to the
problem of a fiying-machine. He believes
that aviation is practicable; in fact, he
predicts that within ten years the Goverri-
ment will be carrying the mails in flying-
machines, but he does not believe that
the aeroplane is the type that will last.
“ My criticism of the aeroplane type of ©
flying-machine is that it is.a machine for
sport,” he says. “The flying problem
now consists of 75 per cent machine and
25 per cent man. The commercially
successful machine must be a device that
any man of intelligence may learn to op-
[PHOTOCOPY]
erate within a reasonable time. and. hav.
ing learned to operate it, the pertonmanee
mustbe certain, Little or noun
be lett to the peculiar skill uf thy «
“And it must be a machine thar.
when the time-table sars fo sewed
regardless of weather conditions, 1 aean't
believe that the aeroplane will ever meas.
ure up to these conditions, [think the
principle on which it is built iss
‘Too much power is necessary tu susiain it,
“The fying-machine that wil cary
the mails will be small, the smatler the
better, because of the less resistance to
the air, and it ought to travel at the rite
of at least one hundred miles an hour,
Eventually it will go a great deal taster,
Traveling in the air is not like waveting
on the earth. ‘The air offers comy
tively little resistance. Put the power
into a machine. and you can get almost
any speed you want, But while the fly
ing-machine will be fast, ic will never be
a great weight carrier. It will be used
for mails, but not for freight.”
Edison will not say that he could con-
struct a Aying-machine to meet the te
quirements he has outlined, but anv one
of his associates in the laboratory at’
Orange believes that he could do that, or
anything else “he set out to do. flaw
ever, he has never bragged about doing a
thing beforehand, or boasted afterward,
His biographers tell a characteristic story
about him. After indulging in reminis-
cences of old times and early inventions a
short time ago, Edison leaned back in his
chair and said with a smile: “ Say. | dure
been mixed up in a whole lot ot things,
haven't 1?”
titist
THE CHRIST CHILD .
BY EMILY NILES HUYCK
‘Thank God for that sweet season when he lay
A little happy child on
Mary's breast,
And knew, thus safely sheltered night and day,
No weariness, who later knew not rest.
No coming shadow fell upon that bliss,
Companion
Vhs Nbs
No cross between the Mother and the: Boy;
of our tears and smiles in this- -
rye quiet .
setter Farming, Better Business
Better Living
Two Practical Suggestions
By Sir Horace Plunkett
i q th
he true explanation isfied bear eloquent testimony to the tru
cet ' of my main contention. "
If better business be, a 1 ib bea ;
i we
ion i i i foundation of better arming, we sh
i ination in companson with — the {| ae Tatil
‘of business Se eorte those who expect to find the are ‘ Lientty
een. the movement which is to of farmers accompa!
e par y
ss i i ractice.
ide the remedy will have set them- ing backwardness In agricultural p!
rovi i teeta fk .
selves a task as hopeful as it 1s interesting.
I have give : ‘
Fahy the farmers of the United States
‘are deplorably backward in the matter
That this is the case is proved eH he it
ai ; ie
icans arc addicted to associated — tistics of the oe con well ier
er ale farmers have always had a various Crops, w i are ings Are al
il to oF ales but they have missed the to need Ee ihe Signicultural mind is
ih "ranges; nate SC mel aowly F alizing the necessity for availing
8 : \ ee alee i ilities
and:a multitude of miscel- 5 Ne sneational facil
iat p be tself of the ne’ a
+ associations have been 4 : Se modern acl
lancoe ed for soci, religious, polls, for appre Le eet tarnmies cu
. * ” From my study ence : C aavar tat the
ant econo i ‘Mise tpaieas the im: only during the last twenty year
the work
merece eas [2 *, + + ‘ seul
ion is left on my mind that almost practical value of science tt agriculture
that can be better done by was recognized in the Middle and Far
i ’ il then there was general dis-
"is . f king sepa- West. Until n ame
el "hi Ne wakes “of organized belief in the ae Ape eae a
tor. B i i tive cowboy terminology, used
fp be Bt these man ie “The be classified as “ bug hunters.” . ‘The
ty have be
i y atded
i tment of Agriculture was reg
pacar f the farming com- Depar' \ ‘ Se ihe
we a eats “this reason, never been as source _ seas a ee i Be
E fommensurate with either the numerical ceanies patie
‘atrength of its members or the magni sa fate : Mga fast, The Federal
‘of the Nation’s work.which they do, The tis Is chang suture i ee
Federal -Department of Agriculture, ap- Depar
i opular and respected of the world’s
a for agro Soons. (0 wet eedministrative SE eed aia
: mel Le ee atributed to the efforts Middle West a newly ee Lees
ihe organizations. But, as compared Se ae ‘oe oe o Sena, TONS.
maa oe rite a obese ae enean Tlinois, Nebraska, and ee ee ee
‘canes At oaeneat fhenet has but veloping. the agricultural ‘ oe eatoet
penares aa F legislation and adminis- universities and cores hacia nanes
a ete Hi crests Tf there is this, Mr. James J. Hi te carat
bee a ee °c ernment upon more than one per cent 0 het Se en
Shi aie me ve Shor community ‘are these regions are working ne nh rp
which the, aha ablsht ent of a parcels with any educational vet a OS ene
a agg ager ss reasons— firmly convinced that the chiel tare
Ane ee esl is not sat- hindrance to better farming is | yal ree
Ao Te who are engaged in the new educatio!
iations, organized
oa 2 The last of a series of five articles on “| Conservar work have not grot associations, Org
: . sist them. .
“ton and feural bi peated welt appeared I for ysiness Purposes: to assist the
The Qatioak oft u iB i i
oe
—-
MOTION PICTURE (Ceusolastr iP
_ “The Silent Drama~Is.Not.a. More Passing, Ephemeral Craze,” “Saya.”
Frank,L.. i Z ice-Presi:
_ Frankl. Dyer, President of the Patents Company, and Vice-Presi- a S910
E- MOVING
Mr &,
“' dent of the Edison Manufacturing Company, in an Exolusive State-
cism of New Films—Notes, .
publicity to rational views on the
. censorship of moving pictures has
* prompted several of the leading manu.
fncturers to express: thelr: views: in.-this
Wepartment, a ;
To-day more people ‘ard entertained by:
this ‘popular amusement : than ever be-
. fore. Like any other new idea, there are
‘some people who always object to an
Annovation, if not for one thing, it is
_ the other, ‘
_ In many cities ‘censors“have been ap:
pointed to examine every picture before
. being exhibited, in order that scenes
which may-be considered objectionable
should be eliminated. ‘here has been
no objection made to such censors; in
fact, they ave been ‘welcomed,’ ag ‘they
“have assisted manufacturers ~in their
efforts to produce better pictures, clean:
er, amusing, ‘instructive and entertaining ,
-pictures, ‘and has made it so that‘ the
. tensor finds himself without work, -
However, the fact that somo aye. duly
appointed. censors makes them feel that
they aro not performing taeir duty Sf
;they don’t stamp their sign of disap: .
sproval on certain ‘Pictures which should
ho O, Kd, hey become: too, zealous
ea if The performance ortnen-auryy-————~~
he first article on this ‘subject ap-
épenred two weeks ago in these .cokimns |
> dy J, Stuart Blackton, vice-president and |
“peerefary of the Vitagrapa Company: of :
“America: |. fete ean
Frank L. Dycr's Views. °s
In this issue js presented the views of
“Frank L, Dyer, president Motion Picture
Patents Company, and vice-president of
Dison | Manufacturing. Company. . \
There should be no ‘lfference of opin-
‘ion between honest and clean-minded.
‘men. on the subject of moriility, either in:
‘ua. general sense or in its application to!
special conditions such og tle: moving
_pieture-art. All of us'at least ought to
“know, what Js right and waat is. wrong,
. Ihe.--moving “picture © manufacturers
. 1#hould ‘realize, aud I believe. all of the.
Heensed’ ‘manufacturers do realize, that.
the present {nterest, in the. silent. drama
“Is not a mere. passing, ephemeral craze,
“It contains 100: many “possibilitics ‘for
good and. enlightenment. to-be regarded
Zin any other-sense.than..2s,a permanent ;
and x digalfiqd'form sof amusement. -
Ninkea ite: appeol Jorgelysto svomen and
‘keeps -many a:
oung: paople,<an
«the: saloo:
Jaan oan onan Fin cit mee eee me
ment—Roosevelt Pictures:to Be Released April 18—Unbiased Criti- °
" By ELLIS COHEN,
. ps 0b) Importance of giving the widest’),
‘
. :
ee
"TA TM stattatuacneeue ornate WOUEG OTe
-témpt to appeal to his audience’ by put-
“ting out a picture in any way sugges:
tive or ‘secking only to ‘arouse interest,
‘by an appeal’ to the’ brute instincts of
his audience ia as misguided as the man
awho would: tell n queationable story in a
company of Indies and gentlemen. fie
makes no appeal to ether sex; the ladies.
are stocked and the men: pity him for
‘u fool, Certainly a gulneious or brutal or
criminal scene depicted by a moving pic:
ture can make no uppeal to theinnocent-
_ minded, and, while there may be men
vwho perhaps would view such pictures
‘avith apparent pleasure, I doubt very
much i£ they really do. From s purely
material sense, therefore, » film manu-
facturer, in my ‘opinion, would mike a
serious mistake in putting out a picture
with the deliberate purpose of pandering
to n depraved or erotic taste. I do not
‘ Delleve, however, speaking for:.the li-
censed manufacturers, that the materin):
“wide of the question is so important as
$a the idea that they have allied them-
. ‘Belves with n great movement that is
~designed in the future to have a sub-
stantial effect on the views and charac-
jter of our people. They fecl in a sense
ea the “publishers of high-class mage-
zines, books and newspapers must feel
—that ‘their, wares; to make a lasting’ap-
peal, must. ‘find a response fo the finer
renwo of their audiences ‘and not other-
wise, hn eR Toe ne sr at
One very .grent handicap under which
the Heensedmanufacturers have Jnabored
; js the fact that, the moving’ picture bust-
ness haw developed witht: tremendous
! strides andi:the character'.of the’ audl-
Re ences has apparently improved to‘a.cor:
H Z responding. extent. :“It has been ‘difficult
to'Invet the;demand, and in.the rush and
ressure, no doubt,-there have been iso
ated eases of acenes or instances which
sober second thought would. probably
have omitted; but these cases ate rare
and they-are becoming rarer... :'Che ‘pro:
: ducing ‘men, T ‘think, without exception,
. _ Gpprecinte the ‘character of the appeal
which is to be made and:-they realize the
f Witinate development .of. the art*to na
. i osition of dignity and - importance,
H 2 yan {ts works + pckens sud Victor
leas ugo, the poems;o£ Browning, the:plays
of Shakespeare: and stories ” from - the:
¥
Seer Biblo.arc,.used ag... basty . for: moving
os * _ + ptetures, no fair-sminded man: ean deny
that the art ig ‘being’ developed along
‘ the right lines. ‘There probably always,
N . twill be sporadic cases’ of films ‘based
i ca - on instances: that are unduly -brutal, or
i ‘. suggestive, but the business as a wholo
; .*, should: not: be .condemned’ for: this ren-
* .,; son apy imore.than ghould the stage ibe. -
| : + -comlemned, because salacious and im-
i > moral ‘plays have -bcen presented,-or that.
: +2) the drama shouldbe condemned beenuse ,
ial gh some of the works of ‘Ibsen and Bernard
Shaw; have been based on. immoral aud
- suggestive themes, es
(M0RNIMNG
FECEGRAP LY
MARCH 2,
\
i
1080 : . ELECTRICAL WORLD.
Joined to earth through 10,000 ohms, There was then induced
535 volts and §.s0 milliamperes. The. ‘calculated current was
508 milliamperes, With resistance to earth of 2000 ohms, the
values observed were 11.6 volts and 5.76 milliamperes, the cal-
culated current was 5.99 milliamperes, On a length of 2.74 km
in the case of another telegraph wire, slightly more distant than
the first, the three-phase lines not being anywhere crossed and
the telegraph line earthed through 100,000 ohms, the induced
volts were 7.60 from one phase, as observed, and as calculated. ;
$78; from the other phases, 10.18 and &50, respectively. The
author finds a remedy, to a great extent, for the disturbance in
the telegraph lines by introducing condensers between line and
carth. The effect is very remarkable. On the section of, the
tine above mentioned the induced volts from two of the phases
were 14.2 and 20.9, respectively, without condensers. The effect
of adding capacity was as follows: » With oor mf, 9.7 volts |
and 145 volts; with ‘o.os mf, 43 volts and 63 volta; with
O10 mf, 1.61 volts and 2.43 volts. Such added capacity is not
unlikely to affect the speed of telegraphic transmission, espe-
cially as it is not uniformly distributed along the line,” The
author proposes to counteract the speed effect by the use of
inductances, As regards telephone circuits, the author recom:
mends their removal as far as possible from the region of
danger,. Diagrams are given in the original which show the
lines upon which the experiments were carried out and their
geographical positions—drehiv. Post Tel., 22, page 693, Novem-
ber, 1909; abstracted in Science Abstracts, B, Jan. 31.
Sterilication of Water by Ultraviolet Roys—A. Sourim—
Since it is easy now to: produce ultraviolet tays by means of the
quartz-globe mercury-vapor Jamp, it is proposed to use the
sterilizing effect of these rays for the purification of water, milk,
ete, A form of lamp suited for this Purpose is shown in Fig. 6
and the arrangement ‘for water sterilization is shown in Fig. 7.
The water enters-at the point 4 and leaves at the point C. Its
THE EDISON STORAGE BATTERY, ..
: Its_Pre-eminent Fitness for Vehicle Service, - a
By Ware E. Houtana,: *: :
The “A"- type Edison cell is the outcome of nine years of
costly experimentation and Persistent toil on the part of its
inventor and ‘his associates. Developed by the slow procesé
of elimination, it has survived thousands of other thought-of
types—the fittest in its chemical nature, in mechanical con
struction and in electrical worth, eS dee og
The Edison invention involves the use of an entirely new
voltaic combination in an alkaline electrolyte in place of the
lead/lead-peroxide combination and acid electrolyte character-
istic of all other commercial storage batteries. Experience has
Proven that this not only secures durability and greater output
Per unit-welght of battery, but in addition there is eliminated
a long list of troubles and diseases inherent in the lead-acid
combination, which have hitherto hindered the: full applica.
tlon of the original storage-battery idea. this 7 Seiad
The principle on which the action of this new battery is
based is the oxidation and reduction of metats in an electrolyte
which does not combine with, and will not dissolve, either the ©
metals or their oxides; and an electrolyte, furthermore, which,
although decomposed by the action of the battery, is immedi-
ately re-formed in equal quantity and, therefore, in effect’is‘a,~They will also appreciate that auch g disease-free battery 4%
constant element, not changing in density or in conductivity,
A battery embodying this basic principle will have features
of great value where lightness and durability are desiderata,
For instance, the electrolyte being a constant factor, as ex-
plained, is not required in any fixed and large amount as is the
case with sulphuric acid in the lead battery: thus the cell may,
[PHOTOCOPY]
Vot. LV, No, 29,
Passage through the apparatus ts indicated by the arrows, The’ -
mercury-vapor lamp. with quartz globe is shown at B, An ap.
Paratus of this kind sterilizes 600 liters of water per hour amd Z
Fig. 6=Form of Mercury Vapor Lamp,
tequites 305 amp at t00 volts, or 0.6 watt-hour per liter of water
+ sterilized. Recently Geissler tubes made. with quartz globes
have also been ured for this purpose, Another source of light
Sr aoa Sacre .
Fig. 7—Arrangement for Sterilizing Water. +
very rich in rays of wave lengths from 1860 ta 2900 Angstrom
units, is an are between two electrodes made of mixtures of
alumina and carbon in equal’ portions.—L’industrie Elec.,
April ro, : +
be designed with minimum distancing of plates and with the
greatest economy of space that is consistent with safe insula-
tion and good mechanical design, Again, the active materials
of the electrodes being insoluble in, and absolutely unaffected
by, the electrolyte, are not liable to any sort of chemical de-
terforation by action of the electrolyte, no matter how long
continued. ge ape :
. Those who have had experience with lead batteries know
what attentive care is required to prevent “sulphation"—that
“white plague of the lead-cell world, which is, caused by
chemical action of the electrolyte’ on the active materials.
this, is the augury of a beneficent revotution in electric-vehicle
practice, ° 7. ~ : oti 7
The electrolyte of the Edison battery is a 2: per cent solu-
tion of potassium hydrate having in addition a small amount ,
of lithium hydrate, The active metals of the electrodes
which will oxidize and teduce in this electrolyte without dis!
ution or. chemical deterjoratios,
‘active elements are not put in.
nickel, in the form of a hydr.
Th containing cases’ of botk
1) and their supporting grids (-
‘with its connection parts (Fig,:
A'and its cover (Fig, 4), are al!
aterial in which lightness, du
i
Fig. 2=The Two Ty)
‘are most happily combined, an‘
corrosion in an alkaline elev:
Yt seems more like the workin
naterials discovered by Edisc
electrical requirements of an i,
have the most-desired physic:
‘and facility of manipulation—+
the commercial requirement o
An essential part of Ediso
for an alkaline storage batter
materials. Metallic powder o!
f these metals, prepared in !
tly active in a sufficient deg}
only wh: My-prepared .
d nickel hydrate conform t
rg. chemical standards can be r
x, Practicable, Needless to say,
‘and processes of manufactur,
Ingenuity and endless experi:
Having discovered the baa
ge battery, the inventor set!
Supporting and ‘making |
ic
@. Materials and to perfect th
85 expected, that the active
tufficlently conductive to wor
i
a
os OM
Vow. LV, Ni
: '
indicated by the arrows” h
‘Blobe is shown at B, Ay‘:
iliters of water per hoy,
ury Vapor Lamp,
: m
'6 watt-hour Per liter of wags e
(¢3 made. with quartz alobea
(ose, Another aouNe of light
A
+t Sterilizing Water, -
+ from 1860 to 2900 Angstrom
ctrodes made of mixtures of
portions.—L’Indusirie Elec,
; ’
incing of plates and with the
is consistent with safe insula- 4
i Again, the active materials 9
‘in, and absolutely unaffected
: to any sort of chemical de-
ctrolyte, no matter how tong
. ene
‘tainera Into Which th
M rials Are Loaded. ii
{ B a
1 world, which is, caused’ by’
lyte on the active materi
Much a disease-free battery a4, ‘i
it revolution in electric-vehiclé
battery is a a1 per cent solu:
ig in addition a small amount, oe
‘e metals of the electrodes—" a
* sufficiently conductive to work effictent!
[PHOTOCOPY]
‘Apait 28, 1910, ,
: eo, ns
lution or chemical deterioration—are nickel and iron, These
active elements are not put in the plates"as metals, but one,
nickel, in the form of a hydrate, and the othet, iron, as an
ide. . ra eee
one containing cases’ of both kinds of active material (Fig.
1) and thelr supporting grids (Fig, 2), as well as the cell pole
with its connection parts (Fig, 3),and even the retaining can
and its cover (Fig. 4), are all made of nickel-plated steel, a
material in which lightness, durability and mechanical strength
are most happily combined, and a material beyond suspicion as
to corrosion in an alkaline electrolyte. Apparently an accident,
it seems more like the working of a kind Providence, that the
materials discovered by Edison as fulfilling the chemical and
electrical requirements of an ideal storage battery, should also
have the most-desired physical properties—strength, lightness
and facility of manipulation—and at the same time should meet
the commercial requirement of inexpensiveness. : .
An essential part of Edison's discovery of active materials
for an alkaline storage battery was the preparation of these
materials, Metallic powder of iron and nickel,'or even oxides
of these metals, prepared? the ordinary Way, are not chemi-
cally active in a sufficient Yegree to work in a battery. It is
only when Sspecially-prepared fro i f edi
Fig. 3—Cell Poles and ‘Their Connection “Parts, “=
: as a wy
and nickel hydrate conforming to certain physical as’ well as
chemical standards can be wiade.that the alkaline battery fs
practicable. Needless to say, the working out of the conditions
and processes of manufacture of materiats.has involved’ great
genuity and endless experimetitation. |: +7. Yoo,
Having discovered the. basic elements of the alkaline stor-
age battery, the inventor set about to find the best means of
Supporting and’ making electrical connection with the -active
materials and to perfect the mechanical design, ‘It was found,
a8 expected, that the active materials were not of ‘themselves
ly except in exceedingly
ELECTRICAL *woRLp..
1081
‘thin layers, Some conducting substance which would not be
changed by chemical action must, therefore, be mixed with the
,uctive materials to”bring every particle into good electrical con>
* tact with the conducting support.
« Graphite was first thought of, and was tried, both with the
+ iron and with the nickel material, At first it gave only fair
results, but after a particular quality in the form of thin scales
had been developed the results were good, It was soon auper-
seded in the iron electrode, however, by mercury, which was
“found to hold the iron particles in much better contact and
give petter voltage to the cell at high discharge rates,
advent of the “A”-type cel. The results as to capacity were
good when cells were new, showing that graphite performed
well thé function of bringing every particle of the active nickel
intd good electrical contact with the conducting support, But,
iinforturiately, in tithe it became apparent that this most durable
form Of conducting carbon was unable to withstand the dis:
integrating action’ of the strong oxidizers formed at the nickel
electrode during charge. The result was that cells of this type,
inservice, “would gradually lose capacity from deterioration of
internal contacts’ in the nickel plates, . ere
{One other feature of the former types of this cell remains
to be commented on as a point contributory to their deteriora-
» tion. | It'is a bothersome characteristic of all storage batteries
that the active materials expand and contract during charge and
discharge of the cell. This point was not properly taken care
of"in the first types produced, although much attention had
af. the “A", flat, rectangular containers (like those used in the
“plate to-day) were used for supporting both kinds of
Fig, 4—Retalning Can and Cover.
active material. These containers, after loading and mounting
in a support grid, were subjected to heavy pressure in a die
designed to concave and corrugate each loaded container, or
pocket—the’ idea being to make an. elastic construction which
. .would maintain a constant spring pressure on the active mate-
tials, In the iron plate this construction proved perfectly satis-
factory, and, as mentioned, is still used. ate nakde
-The nickel material proved more troublesome, however. ‘It °
would expand when charged and would not contract again;
and its expansion was found to be ‘cumulative, increasing
gradually. in extent until, in time, the elastic limit of the per- » -
JIn"the nickel electrode, graphite was used until the recent *
.been given to it, In the “E"-type, the immediate predetessor .
t
i
j
'
AST OOT 1 SD AFIgy GeNagatives of Iran, Plat
‘ventions, ‘The “A'stype cell is the embodiment. of these dis-|
“The frame Js slit at the inner horizontal edges, and then
” small metal rings’ are slipped on the outside, Each tui
~ . The other “bug” in the old construction—the use of g
. ture with the nickel hydrate. “The results at first obtained —
might have been considered good had: the inventor not previ- A
[PHOTOCOPY]
1082 ; ot . ELECTRICAL WORLD, _* ‘Von LV, No, 17,
ously developed the efficiency of. graphite $0 far and knowii
Sitiitaipigges con what high’ specific capacity could be realized in nickel hydrate,
Notwithstanding these facts, the “E"-type Edison cell, with As it was, the results were considered unsuccessful.
nickel plates of flat-pocket construction and containing graph- . Nothing daunted, Edison still kept his faith in nickel, beliey.
ite, was used in commercial service with excellent results—hav-. ing that the material was not at fault, but only its form and
ing a‘ useful life of from three to five years, and showing it- the method of using it, So with redoubled energy the experi.
self to be-more ‘economical than the lead battery and much ‘mentation was: continued until, after a lavish expenditure of
more dependable, . | +, TE NSE ena ae cay
Such results would’ have delighted any ordinary inventor
not so Edisén!" He held a prophetic vision of the ultimate value ‘
to humanity of his perfected battery, and would: be satisfied
ecame
and the internal conta:
forated ste! was, exceeded,
disarranged, :
Gree proportional to the difficulties encountered,
Nickel was ‘found’'to give. highly satisfactory resuly. if
made into thin flakes of a certain quality’ and ‘oaded into the
, tubes in layers interspersing with layers of nickel hydrate,
i. “How simple!” one will say. “Why should that’ problem
have been so difficult of solution?” - ’ r .
; Details! is the answer? it is the little things that are Teally
. big. And here it fs worthy of note that attention to detaits in
ithe application of a ‘principle is all that makes for one may
a brilliant success where through neglect of them another fails.
The practical success of nickel flake in the Edison battery
was only assured when it was found how to make it, on a com:
“mercial scale, so that each individual flake would have certain
sphysical and chemical characteristics in conformity to standards
jfound good by experiment. And then the battle ‘was only half
* tover, for the manner, of loading the materials into the tube
makes a great difference in the result; so the best Process had
itd be determined and machines invented to carry out that proce
sé commercially and yet with precision. at Sask
“ An-idea-of-the- conditions inside-a loaded: tube can best be
had by microscopic examination, Fig. 7 shows a magnified sec-
tion of a regularly loaded tube which has been sawed length.
wise. The vertical bounding walls are edges of the perforated:
meta) containing tube; the dark horizontal tines are layers of
: ache 4 nickel “flake, while the Hght-colored thicker layers represent
with no compromise. Accordingly,’ the "E* cell was discon» the nickel hydrate, It should be noted that ‘the layers of
tinued; and a mighty siege on Nature was begun, which culmi-. Rake’ nickel extend, practically unbroken, across the tube ant
nated eventually in a surrender of secrets such as to insure to fais onda cal Picea the ache ict ede
the Edigon battery a permanent place in the Hall of Great In: All parts of the tube very efficiently. There are Sout 4380 layers
of cach kind of material in a 4%4-in, tube; each layer of nickel
+ hydrate being about oor in, thick; so it will be seen that the
current does not have’ to penetrate very far into .the nickel
hydrate; one-half < layer's thickness bejng the maximum dis-
tance. “The perforations of the containing tube, through which
coveries. ‘Let us,‘ then, look into this “ "type cell.
It will be seen at once that the construction’ of the two kinds:
of plate isiradically different. The negative, or iron plate (Fig. -
5), has the familiar flat-pocket construction. Each negative
contains 24 pockets, a pocket being 3% in. wide by. 3 in. tong.
and having a maximum thickness of a little more than ¥ in,
The positive, or nickel, plate (Fig. 6) is seen to consist of two
rows of round rods, or pencils, 30 in number, held in a verti-
cal position by.a steel support franie. The Pencils have flat
flanges at the ends (formed by closing in the metal case), by
which they are supported and electrical connection: is made.
Swe Th :
yy ‘y
i f VY,
His Wy
folded in such a way as to make individual clamping jaws for
each end flange. The clamping-in is done at great Pressure
the resultant plate ‘has great rigidity and strength.*t.,
The perforated tubes into which the nickel active materiat
is loaded are made of nickel-plated steel of high quality,
‘They are put together with a double-lapped spiral seam to give
expansion-resisting qualities, and as an additional, precaution °
f
if
in, in diameter. by_4¥6-in. long and has eight of the inforcing
tings, wy : ~ . . ‘ “a
Tt will be seés ‘that the “A” Positive plate’ has been given
the theoretically-best design to Prevent expansion gnd .
come trouble from that cause. Actual tests, long-continugd,
under very severe conditions, have shown that the construc;
tion is right and fulfills the most Sanguine expectations, ‘ 2 eb
i ‘aphi 1 active material, are also shown in
c7Was-not so easy to eliminate, The inventor realized that.a a
metal insoluble in the electrolyte ard able’ to withstand, elg :
trolytle oxidation was the logical thing, ‘and, naturally; -he
thought of nickel at once; a0 nickel-and other metals, were’
tried in various forms. and under different conditions of mix-
th foregoing it will be understood that the trouble-
i) the. Edison battery has always been the nickel.
i terial and the design of the fron’ electrode
a high degree of perfection some years ag
‘emained ‘unchanged, except, that improvements
in the manufacturing processes. ‘
ese be
time, fabor and money, success was attained, and this in a dee
Arnit. 28, toro,
* > i
In summation, then, the cha} Hl
tery which fit it so pré-emine: |
™ are as follows: ty
1. The perforated-container
7_material by disintegration, doi:, H
circuits and the necessity of cel H
3, A steel containing cin ha; |
“vantages over a hard-rubber jar
" trouble caused by jar’breakage |
nated. eis ee
4,,The steel-and-copper conn
‘posts are casily removable, and
1 ari .
Fig, 7-~Sectional View of a Lo.
on Diam!
0 replace any cell of a battery
mployment of skilled labor, su,
Me 4. The steel-and-nickel cons
, “buckling” impossible; even a
Fe, Will not affect the condition of t
man to look after a large nut
possible in private service for 1
his own pleasure vehicle with |
‘ory results, rg we a
-6. The materiais used in the
by nature and the construction!
stand an almost unlimited amou
out injury, %
Freedom from “sulphation’
lon eliminates a very insidi:
** preciation... fr
& Lack of corrosive fumes pi
fork of vehicles and of the ¢
9. The light weight of the b
batteries gives it many evident
ts reduced; the vehicle can be
tery and of \harging current re
load, the weight of battery,
or, in other words, a much |
Welght transported will be payit
tness also makes possible th,
ccedingly high miteage mer
10.,The crowning feature of
Dreot durability, ‘This rende
Paratus and not a makeshift wit
2nd doctored. It is safe to say
i.rtve insured the battery's succe
ntages which it possesses, |
¥., The so-called efficiency of
j; S$ The simplicity of the car = |
‘f graphite so far and know
Abe realized in nickel hydeas
‘sidered unsuccessful, r
|kept his faith in nickel, beliey.
it fault, but only its form and
h redoubled energy the expe
Vafter a lavish expenditure of
‘was attained, and this in a de
Hes encountered.
‘highly satisfactory resutts: jt
ain quality and loaded into the
ith layers of nickdl hydrate, .
“Why should that’ problem
ne” par pane
the little things that are Teally
note that attention to details
s all that makes for one man
h neglect of them another fails... =
cel flake in the Edison battery
ound how to make it, on a com-’
vidual flake would have certa’
stics in conformity to standards ©
4 then the battle was only half
ng the materials into the tube
result; so the best process had
invented to carry out that proce '%
precision. : 3
stide-a foaded: tube can’ best
» Fig. 7 shows a magnified sec-
: which has been sawed Iength-
ills are edges of the perforated-
k horizontal lines are layers of
olored thicker fayers represent 3!
‘be noted that ‘the layers of ¥
unbroken, across the tube and
vall at both sides, These metal
yom the active nickel hydrate in
ntly. There are about 350 layers
t%-in. tube, each layer of nickel B
lick; so it will be seen that the
etrate very far into the nickel
ekness being the maximum d
2 containing tube, through which
Nickel, Plat
| ate
7 or
be understood that the trouble
attery has always been the nicke
|the design of the iron electrode,
zee of perfection some years
langed, except that improvem
incturing processes. i
[PHOTOCOPY]
——
ELECTKICAL WORLD. ° aby
Arrit. 28 1910, © ’
aiid : toe Oia 7 :
In summation, then, the characteristics of the Edison bat- itig normally about 60 per cent, where a lead battery, if new
tery which fit it so pre-eminently for transportation service, and in good condition, would give 75, per. cent to 80 per cent.
are as follows: * . 7 By this is meant that of. the energy actually used in charging
1, The perforated-container construction prevents losd of only about 6o per cent will be recovered on the discharge. If
material by disintegration, doing, away with sediment short- charging. current were the principal iteny of expense in’ vehicle
circuits and the necessity of cell washing, «operation this fact might be serious, but it is universally’ recog~
2, A steel containing cin has very obvious~mechanical ad- nized that cost of charging current is an‘insignificant‘item anit
vantages over a hard-rubber jar, and the expensive delays and of no practical account in comparison with the other factora-of
trouble caused by jar’breakage in lead batteries are thus elimb:" care and maintenance.” Moreover, as is “well known, a lead
ated, sos yw H we he aniee . battery does not long remain “new and in good condition,” and
4. The steel-and-copper connectors, used in connecting cell its high first efficiency ‘accordingly is not matntained: ' The true
posts are easily removable, and make it possible to disconnect meastire of a ‘battery's efficiency is the ratio of the total cost
a ones Sees + of-operation over a long’ period of time to the Joad carried and
‘the distance traveled, due allowance being made for rellabil-
formula: s
. ity, Expressed in ; Byes
ae ae te Total cost of maintenance and
nos aie ar ee operation...
eae ie Practical efficlency = Paying load X miles carried x
: reliability factor
the “reliability. factor” being: percentage of working time that
the machine is in commission, In the light of this practical
formula it can truly be said that the efficiency of the Edison
. battery is Aigh—much higher than that of any other, ”
In conclusion, the writer would say that the points here
presented are not speculations or mere agsertions, but are
proven facts, the results of innumerable laboratory and road
tests which have come under. his ‘direction or observation. At
some future time he hopes to describe the tests and to present
actual results thereof in figures and curves. ee
Edison Laboratory,
- +
: CABLE POT-HEADS. an
= The art of installing lead-covered cables has been vastly im-
oe proved.within the last five years by the introduction of facilities
panied About 18 top properly terminating such cables in the form of pot-heads,
hee, The necessity for a pot-head suited to out-of-door conditions,
or replace any cell of a battery ina very short time without the ang which will permit the circuit to be easily opened at the
employment of skilled labor, such as a “lead-burner.” cgble end, ted the engineers of the G. & W. Electric Specialty
os The ,ateel-and-nickel construction of the plates makes Company, Chicago, to develop the line of detachable porcelain
“buckling” impossible; even a dead shorg-circuit of the poles pot-heads, the first types-of which were brought out about six
will not affect the condition of the plates in the slightest. . years ago, The use of a porcelain sleeve with an insulator type
S. The simplicity of the care required enables one RaraRe” of’cap,sbived,the problem. of exposure the'weather, while a
man to look after a large number of batteries, or makes it ‘combination of stiithble current-carrying parts contained. within
possible in private service for anyone to care:for and “operate p '
his own pleasure vehicle with little trouble and most satisfac-, |
tory results, nit bei . wee poate
6, The materials used in the cell being exceedingly durable - foots
hy nature and the construction being very rugged, a cell will” :
stand an almost unlimited amount of vibration and shock with-
out injury, ' oe ye ae
7, Freedom from “sulphation” or any kind of chemical cor- ”
rosion eliminates a very insidious source of trouble and de-
preciation, ee sy red
8 Lack of corrosive fumes prevents destruction of the metal '”
work of vehicles and of the garage equipment. < , a
9. The light weight of the battery in comparison with lead- |
batteries gives it many evident advantages, The wear on tires '
Is reduced; the vehicle can be built lighter; ‘the cost of-bat- °
tery and of, charging current required for moving unprofitable ;.
load, ie, the welght of battery and vehicle, is much reduced, ©”.
or, in other words, a much larger percentage of the ‘totat
meh transported will be paying toad. This characteristic of,
lightness also makes possible the building of machines of ex- . at
cecdingly high mileage capacity. the porcelain produced a device which is detachable—that is,
' 10. The crowning feature of the Ediso: tery, however, is) without. tools of any kind an operating man may disconnect the
ts great durability, This renders it g deptdable piece of ap-. circuit by the simple act of lifting the cap from the tube, When
maratus and not a makeshift which has.to Se humoced, coaxed . the circuit is to be closed the cap is replaced ‘and the connection
ind doctored, Tt is safe to say that this feature-alone would is simultaneously made. Thus the cost is saved of cut-out-boxes
a Loaded Tube.
Fig. 7-—Sectionat View of
. Diameters.
“Figs, 1 and 2-Cable Pot-Heada,”
‘ave insured the battery’s success without the many attendant 1.0m outside lines and knife switches on inside work as discon®
: nectives, Pot-heada of this type have''Béen ‘developed fos
18. The so-called efficiency of the Edison battery is low, be- single and multiple-conductor cables up to to-conductoreables, *
. Advantages which it possesses,
~~
es J. Morning Star
/RUURSDAS, MAY 5, £910.
Le
RECORD VERDICT 15
GANSTEDSON CO,
MOE Tav or Failure. to
Take Steric Acid for Phono-
graph Records, ae
." The largest’ verdict ever given by a
‘fury in the United States Circult Court
‘at Trenton was ‘rendered yesterday
‘when the Goodwin Manufacturing’
‘Company, of St. Louis,
‘$06,424 damages, for
-part of the ails
jpany, of . Oran
lake two car loads of steric-acl a) ev
iten days for two years prior to: ‘907,
| The Goodwin Company’ siied=for $213,
:000,: The evidence showed that the Edl-
,son ‘Company did not take much of. the
iproduct, and the claim was made by
‘the Goodwin Company that !t had been
put'to expenso of making over their
plant to produce such a large. quantity
‘of steric acid.. This product was to be
used in the making of wax cylinders
for ‘phonographs.
Tho contract was made with Witte’
Moran, purchasing agent of the Edison
Company, and the Goodwin Company
‘elaimed ratification of the contract
came through the signature of the gen-
eral) manager, Sulllvan. ' It was dis-
covered that tho signature of the gen-
eral, manager was initialed, showing
that’ someone else than he had signed
it, but the Goodwin Company claimed
‘that: the company had notice: of ‘the
contract.
So: flerce was the controversy that
{former Attorney-General Robert ' H,
McCarter, general counsel for the Ei
son. Phonograph Company, managed -t
[Ret There peasants ° stand tc
“show new nothing of the con:
tract.
This case ends:the United States: cir
cult term: for.the Spring. ‘The jury ha
ibeen: ‘discharged.
Pars
‘y T° EVE, Baws
“bo connected ave
mado ‘to’ ‘Produce hotes:
ost “perfect ‘has-been: wine!
Wisconain: man, -- ~
was-- given’
ae " VE sy ay ever
Vt © A Site:
pa
wade
Louis” Silverman, recently with the Universal '
Talking Machine Mfg. Co., looking after the trade
in the Greater New York territory, is now with the .
National Phonograph Co., Orange, N. J., in the
stme field, succeeding BR. Barklow. As Mr. :
Silverman knows the trade here as few other men
do, he will doubtless render a good account of him-
self and give the Edi tlie adaquate representa-
tion in New York, where t) the Edison phonograph
is exceedingly popular,
FANNIE J. CROSBY TO EDISON.
The Famous Blind Poetess Sent an Apprecta-
tive Letter and Poem on Receipt of an Edi-
son Home Phonograph,
The following letter and poem, cedicated to
Thomas A. Edison, were sent to B, P. Rhine- ,
hosgavartormetiysr representative’ of the Century
store, Edison dealers at Bridgeport, Conn. by
Fanny J. Croshy, the famane blind, poctess and
hymn writer, many of whose beautiful composi-
tions are to be found in the Edison catalogs, and
were inspired by gratitude for the pleasure which
the installation of an Edison Home phonograph
brought to her home:
“Esteemed Friend—Through your kindness and
that of the Century Co. whom you so faithfully
represent, I have the honor of\stating publicly my
views in relation to the Edison phonograph and of
proving its inestimable worth, It was you who so
generously placed it within the circl: of my home,
thus affording to each one of its trembers a rare
treat which I assure you will never be forgotten.
Its clear, silver tones, its sweet classical melodies,
beautifully and artistically rendered, have held us
captive, not only to the productioas of the old
masters, but also to the music of distinguished
modern authors. In a word, we hail the Edison
phonograph and we venerate the genius of him by
whom it was invented—a genius whose deep re-
search and tnwearied perseverance have made him
the wonder and admiration of a progressive and
literary world.
“O Edison! through thy clectric power
New stars appear and shed their glories forth;
Che hill of science thou has nob‘y climbed,
And on its very summit thou dost stand,
Crowned with the laurels of immortal, fame,
God give thee health for.each revolving day,
- And spare thee still to work for years to come.”
‘NEWARK, NOI. GALD,
in
“SUNDAY, JULY 16, 1010.
[- TALKING MACHINE: MEN SOLLIPY,
Entertained at ‘west. Orange: and” Meet
Edison—Seo Themselves in.
Motion Plc Pictures,
‘The allled . Edison companies of: West
Orange: yestorday. afternoon ontartained
5 visitora from the Atlantic City con-
vention of the Nationa! Association of
Tatking Mochiné ‘Jobbers, The feature.
of the, affalr was o luncheon at the
Easox County Country Club, at which
Thomas, A, Edison wis the “guent of
se avious to that tho Visttora ‘were
taken through the works and laboratory
‘on: Lokealde ,avonue, and were treated
toa moving picture show, in which’ wore
shown films, of- a’ game. of :: baseball .be-
‘tween: the men. ofthe.
men of ‘the’: Weaat,
Place at Atlantio .Ci aie ae,
After. tlie Slunctieon § the: party “had. a
ride.tn automobiies; : thal intl erary bolng
ag far as. Bernardsville. The men’ from
‘the. Edison ‘compantes. fn .charge,of. the
entertainment were Frank L. Dyer, pres-
ident of the companics; C. H. Wilson,
'F, K. Dolbeer, G. F. Scull, E. J, Berg-
‘gron, William Pelzor, A: C. Ireton, Le
C, McChesney, Waiter Stevens, Nelson
cc. Durand, -E, H. Phillips, C. B.. Good--
wh
WilL.. Eekert, Edward‘. Aiken,
McChesney, Poter, Weber,:;D. J..
W. HL Miller, “J, Haworth;
id Sonn Rogers,- °° * Re Fe
——
FIISUN'S MOLDED
AQUSES ARE TOBE
“SEEN ST. LOUS
witl Be: Exhibited at the Real
- Bstate Show at the Coli-
: Aen, Oct. 24.
a 1
: For the first'time at any” tralie
‘show, the: Ddtson penred. .eement,
“house will wo ited to tho public
at the coming Real Estate and Bulld-
ing Bhow, at the Collsoum, Oct. 24-31.
Edison has givon his consent. While
Edison's pleh for pouring houses has
bean widely advertined and discussed
by architects, contractors and buila-
ers, this is the first time that !t will
have been demonstrated outside the
laboratory.
: The plan: upon which Eatson hos
been working !s, briefly, the com-
pletion of a set of steol molds which
can be used tima after time: in jpour-
{ng houses. It is sald hoe ‘has “pro-
duced a mixture of a consletanoy al-,
most Itke water which holde the ag-'
‘grogato {n suspension,’ allows” the
ixttire to flow freely to all parts of
the molds and obtain a uniform dis-"
tribution of the concrete throughout,
The molds are capable of variations
‘of arrangemont,: making possible dit-
feront stylea of houses from the:same
‘set of molds, With o half dozen molds,
thereforo, &. wido diversity ot’ atyla
yrill_ be posaldle.
BMeon and his angineers: aim
‘that such o house can be built for
$1200.° It fs intended' for one family,
is, to be built on. lots about 40x60
foet, and has a floor plan of 26x$0_
feet. Thore is ‘an. 8-foot porch in?
front and a-small roar porch. The
house Js not to de plain pancls, but
will have considerable exterior orna-
mentation.
|, A complete sot of molds are to ‘cost,
approximately $25,000. That this idea’
pouring ‘eament houses is destined.
t¥ play :an important part in the in-:
atrial! world is already evidenced:
the-action of the American’ Bheot
4 Tin Plate Co, in building 200,
lorkingmen’s houses of concrete’ at
ary, Ind, . using. a. aet.of steel molds.
which are. of, ‘thetr'owr design and
construction. ' “The: plen is strikingly,
‘of spourtog,
Dp “ e
19 LO Co nowt
N. Y¥. PROPLE
SATURDAY, MAY 7, 1910,
CEMENT CONVEYOR
New Village, : N. J., May: 6.—Dominick
urgo waa killed at the Ee cement
plant ‘yesterday eR 3 man
was loft in charge of the conveyor. His
companions then left him and went to
«nother part ‘of tho. plant. ah
While they were gone they noticed
that the machinery which operated the
conyeyor was not working properly, and
investigated. Burge was found in the
conveyor, having been, drawn into’ the
ponderons machine, Tis leg was crushed
up to tha hip ‘and it wan necessary’ to
take the tnuchine apart tit, order, to ree
lease him. -Ho dicd just as ‘he was being
lifted out.
[PHOTOCOPY]
OOASEIN GTo™. 7.
UTOMATIG:
PLAN
dat Work on S
STORE IS... -
NED BY EDISON
ystem Which Will Do
ay With Majority of Clerks
il’Shops. -
6
‘ation to ‘overlook thelr operation,
‘Edison, In. accordance
Me are echty seston ta!
a : : 4
cr The‘rcistdmer® may bay “aa
chos of string beans; for exainple, each neat-
ly wrapped."as he hascoln for, but itwould
be hard for him to match the Mneleum on
the Kitchen Moor to the entire satisfuctlon
of his wife by the coin dropping plan, Nor
could the housewife secure two and one-
tenth yards of blue baby ribbon by going te
one of the ascomatic vendors, The assist-
ance of nh saleswoman would be imperalively
called for there, 4 oa
‘In Mr. Edlgon's belief, however, a great
part of the present labor cost of a depart-
ment gtore can be eliminated Hi a more |
thorough going use of the automatic vending
prinetple. He plans to make vending mae |
ehlues, each of which may act as a silent
salesman for a number of diiferunt goods,
Drop Coin, Turn Polater,
The customer, for example, will drop hls
coln, ttn the poluter to indicate the par-
tleular kind of goods he wishes, and touch
the bution, The machine will do the rest,
Rven admitung that the greater part of the
goods sold in (he average etore ennnot be
handled in this manger, Mr. Edison belleves
that the proportion of goods that can be'dls-
posed of by the automatic plan is so targe
that the cast of store opecation will be
ereatly reduced,
That means under modern methods of com.
petition that the customer will get the beneil:
Jn bis purchares, Nor does Mr, Edison think
that the clerks who will be thrown aut of
employment will long suffer. He points ane
that with every udged tuaciine to do away
with old fasklones und tollzome methods
more mer and women have been employed
and at Iigher wages, This hag been the ex-
perience of the past half century, durlug
which time machines have largely supplanted
minnual methods,
Another of Mr, Edison's iuyeations is to]
be placed on view at the real estate show;
at Mudteon Square garden next week, This
is the concrete house—" house whieh Js
poured”’—of which so much has been hesrd,
He ‘has now inade this method of erection 20
perfect that he belleves concrete houses moy
be buttt at an average cozt of $1.260, und
be ‘far sugericr to the home the average
workingman can afford,
oH Vo Give dMernctheat Pest,
The fivat house of this sort he has made
witl be on exhibitlon at the gurden show, but
he Js to give bis deviee a practical teat at
his.own town of New Village, N. J., where
his icemeut works are tocated. I
Under the directlon of Robe . Backman, |
who Is In charge at New Village, a number
of éoncrete houses will be dullt, to be oc-}
eupled by the workmien at the cement plant,
Mr.) Edlson thinks that the beet prouf of tha
puddlug fs iu the eattug of It, and that when
his ‘employes have learned by practical ex-
perfeuce how good a house cun be “poured’**
for n little money that “pouring plants’ will
be.started in operation all over the country. t
+ He declares that he does not wish or expec
to-make u profit out of thig, but merely de
sires to tesven the cost of Ifvlox and to make
living conditions -more,. tolerable than they}
aie Jat preseats *
i
}
;
‘
eo people collect butterflics, others find pleasurable avo-
cations in golng fishing,.but my hobby fs to build a houso
for the workingman that will be within his reach and that wilt
be something practical for him. ‘I have great respect for the
Amerlean workingman and os I have put aside a faw dollars
that I cannot take with mo to the Great Boyond I want to per-
fect-a scheme for doing something for him that will be a real
blessing, to him, The cast conerete house will bo my gift to
humanity and I bellove it ta perfected.” :
Thomas .A.. Edigon.addressed these words to a representative
of. thi d and Builders Guido at his West
“Orange, N. J. laboratory, Ho was found there after a pro-
longed directors’ meating, As he poke of his Intest accomplish-.
“ment and said that it was for his friend the workingman his
eyes twinkled and he rubbed his hands In gieo, just Jike the
Breat big-hearted follow that ho js. “They've been falthful to
me,” he chuckled, “and you see I want to show them that I ap-
Preciate it, OG i a ;
“There she is,” arid he pointed ‘to a model which is now tem-
-Porarlly on exhtbition-tn Madison; Square Garden, “Out here,”
sald he, rising from his chalr and! leading tho way to a window
‘looking out upon: the factory grounds fs tho full-sized house
Which: we will pour In tho Fall,”
Outside In the yard waa ao Breat tauprulin covering the cast
fron forms of the pourdd hoitse té be. The great mixing plant
Was ready to be'turned over and everything was ready to begin
Work, ope, ae y
. “Now I am not going to be commercially interested In that
house at at," satd Mr, Edison legding the way back to an al-
_ cove methodically arranged with phials, electrical aparatuacs
and other. paraphernalia, past a -plano and a bed cot, for Mr,
Edison works hard and he knows no regular hours, If sleepl-
ness overtakes him while in the midst of work he goes to bed.
This !# not the general rule, of course, but the bed ts there In
caso sleepiness ‘overtakes the great wizard while he 18 at work.
“I will lease the rights to build this poured coment house to
iydiny. responsible. contracting; firm’ absolutely, without cost or
hindrance, I will not exact royaliies‘from: it. © It-lg my contri-
bution to the American workingman, and I want'no revenud
from it. I have tried to put every comfort Into It. : Tho walla,
for Instance, will be ornamental, Ike this,”, and Mr. Edison
nolnted to a benutifut white cement plucque embodying a wreath
In bas-rellef of real artistic merit. “The workingman deserves
it and besides It costs no more after the pattern js made to glve
decoratlve effects than it would to make everything plain.”
“E have been working on that for elght years. ‘There were
many problems: to overcome, One of them .was.to make the
house dampproof, So I had to set to work to ‘find a compound
that would do the work and at the same time last forever. 1
finally discovered how to muke a waterproofing compound that
Is not only invisible but will last forever. That compound Ig
on that model there, but you cannot see it.”
Mr, Edison's own statement regarding the cast concrete house
followa: “I beleve that thls house can be bullt by lotsa
of 100 or more at one location for a price which will be so low
that It can be purchased or rented, by familles whose total in-
come fs not more thun $550 per annum, It Is an attempt to
solve the housing question by o practical application of scl-
ence,.and the latest advancement In cement and mechanical
englneerlng. With this idea in mind I have conducted a large
number of experlmonts, These experiments have proved that
It {a possible to cast a house complete in slx hours By pouring
@ very wet mixture of gravel, sand and cement into Sron
moulds having the form of a house, and after the removal of
the forms or moulds, leave standing a complete house with a
fine surface, plain or ornamental, all in ono solld piece, includ-
Ing the cellar, partitions, floors, roof, stairs, mantels, veranda—
In fact everything except the windows and doors, which are
of wood and the only parts of the house that aro combustible.
“The house is to be heated by boiler and radiators in the
: usual manner, the plumbing to be open and jointed by electric | -
i welding. i
| besides the ecliar, two rooms on first story (one to be used
“The experlmental house has the partitions arranged to give,
as a Hving room and the other for a kitchen); the second
: Story to have two rooms and bath; the roof story to have tivo
: tlona can be changed to make’ more' rooms, Once the houde,
4s cast, however, no ehunges can ever be made-nothing ‘bi
rooms. When lInrge numbers of houses are made, the parti-
]
dynamite could be used to remove a partition without greg
expense. aie: Ae , j
“Well-made concrete, employing a high grade of Portlayd !
cement, Is the moat lIaating material known. Conerete will ;
last as Jong as granite, and is far more resistant to fire than |
‘any known stone:
“Tho iron moulds for tho full elze house are, at the present
‘ tlme, .about 60° per cent. completed, and it may be possible
that before Fall they wilt be finished and ‘the first house cast. ;
If successful I will use the forms to cast a few sample houses,
RECORD AND ‘GUIDE Ms 1087
_ A TALK WITH MR. EDISON ABOUT HIS CAST
_ CONCRETE HOUSE,
to prove how, with a fow slmplo additions to the fron forms,
@ great many variations In tho type of tho houses can bo made,
For Instance, by adding or subtracting tron sections, the house
‘can’ be made amaller-and cheaper, By adding sectlons, : the
number of storles can be increased, or it can bo widened or
lengthened, By a few additional forms, the whole appearance
of the veranda can bo changed, A contracting company hav-
Jing the amallest unit possible to permit of: cheap and rapld
production, must have six sets of moulds with the other neces-
sary machinery, From these iron sections almost any varla-
tlon In the slze, appearance and ornamentation of the row of
houses can be made. ‘The concrete could be tinted with any
klnd of color, but the generat type would.ba the same. Tho
unlts might bo divided and thereby three complete moulds fot
one type of houso and three sets for an entirely diffarent type,
would bo secured, :
“This scheme of constructing houses ‘cheaply and In quantl-
tics does not permit of tho building of one house at ao tlme,
for the reason that the moulds are heavy, ‘Tho machinery
Necessary to handle tlie materials as woll as for the erection
of the iron moulds Js large and expensive, — :
“The hardening of the cement requires four days, Whilo
one house was hardening the men would elther have to ret
main idle or be laid off during thts Perlod, and this would not
be practicable; whereas, If the full unft of a mintmum of six
sets of moulds, and machinery was in operation, the thirty-
seven men necessary could be employed continuously erecting,
pourlng, and removing forms from one lot to another, at a
minimum of expense,
_ “Houses of the type shown in the model, I belleve, can be
bullt for $1,200 each, In any community where material ex-
cavated from tho cellar is sand and gravel, so it can bo used.
If the sand and grave) must be obtained elsewhere, the cost
will bo much more. A change fn the forms can be made so
that a house can be built that will ook just os woll, but
smatler, at o leas cost. On the other hand, by addition to the
forms, houses costing $2,000 or $3,000 or more can bo built.
THE BUILDER'S INVESTMENT,
““To give a rough Iden of the cost, I estimate that six sots
of fron forms for the house I am to build will cost about $23,-
000 per house—a total cost of $160,000. ‘The cranes, traction
steam-shovel, conveylng and holsting machinery, I estimate
will cost $25,000 additional, making a totat investment of
$175,000. With this machinery twelve (12) houses per month
can be made every month In the year, with the ald of ono
foreman, one engincer, and thirty-five (85) laborers, § This
gives one hundred and forty-four (144) houses per year for the
unit, If I can prove this, then the Inbor cost per house wilt
not exceed $150 each,
“If we allow 6% Interest and 4% for breakage on the cost of
the forms, and 6% Interest with 15% depreciation on machin-
ery, the yearly expense will be about $20,000. Dividing this
Into the 144 houses bullt In the year, gives Approximately $140
ber house, for cost of moulds and machinery, Estimating 220
_barrels of cement to be mixed with the sand and gravel exca-
vated from the celler, and wilt provide sufficient material to
bulld the house, ANowing $1.40 per barrel for cement, adds a
further sum of $310, The reinforcing steet rods cost $125; and
the heating system and bath $150, These items total $875.
This leaves a, margin between that sum and $1,200 of $325 to
provide for doors, windows, ete, painting, and the correction
of any possible defects,
“If the houses are smaller and 225 can be built In the year
for the same investment and labor, it will, fram the above
data, be easy to approximate the egst per house; the samo Is
true with larger size houses.
“These houses will be waterproof and dampproof. The roofs,
after the forms are removed, are painted with a paint made
of cement tinted with red oxide of iron, which hardena and
never deterlorates, Cement can. be tinted to any color and
any shade of that color, and tho inslde or outside can be
palnted, ‘and: $s permanent. ‘The cost of the paint for the
hole house, Inside and out, {Including roof, will be very smal
a ae este, 3 a
——
SAVURDAY, MAY, aL, 1910,
“PUA IUMANTIY,
“Rochester, Afay 19, 1010,
Se
The Morals of
Moving Pictures.
‘Wo: Editor of the Democrat and Chronlcle:
Sir: In your issue of May 12th is u
communication on moving pictures
| which, with all due respect for the critic,
I belleve is unintentionally not entirely | -
just.to the subject, The subject. ja
is’ one—It ia impossible to review it!
‘thoroughly in a lettér of this kind, but 1/
wish to bring up some facts which are |
not mentioned by your correspondent.
There are two bodies of motion pic:
‘tute,.manufacturers—those controlled by
the. Motion Picture’ Patents Com-
‘pany, by which holding company
they are Heensed, and paying royulty to
(| " ghese number eleven,
lograph, .
“avéroigo;sto American : Ifcensed: rs
‘The ;whole. output of thesa films’ fa-re:,
wiewed ‘and.“ approved by, g' Natlonal
’Board of Censors composed of disinter-
ested: men of prominence, It any part
‘of -any pictute fa not approved by the
whole bonrd it fs cut out in toto, or re-
placed with other“scenes, which in turn
must be. passed pon by the. Board of
| Censors before being issued: . £
- The .other.body of manufacturers. is
the “independent”. "branch, comprising
six yt more American makers, and at
least fifty’ foreign producers, not © Il-
cens&l under the Edison patent. ‘Their
pictures are not_submitted to the Board
of Censors for approval, vwith a few exe
ceptions, .From these sixty-odd: produc-
era, only about twenty new reels are
available weekly for,the American mar
ket. . oot B
2It ts charged that 60 per cent. of pic-
| tures shown inne town “were not (of
a character to‘he:seen ‘by a mixed audi-
‘| enea, some being positively. bed, * *
*."* ' Others portrayed sdenes of, mur
eer an
oe | dor, burglary, robbéry;. assault, divorce,
ete.!", Does not tho “sane criticism ap-
ture‘of all ages and, nations, and to the
-<‘gtage as woll—notably to Shakespeare's
. Banger Quy’ Uf thy -frot- Fules: of the
pha ‘Board of ‘Consors, which can casily be
~ "verified, by’ noticing’ any’ numberof tl
censed pictures, fs that‘no film’ story rep-,
regenting eriine of any ‘kind, without
showiltig that: the penalty of crime must
rand will he paid, shall be approved, It is
not showing, criminnl deeds on the
pba «stage or printed “page which
corrapts the youth; .. it
y is glorifying
and; caricaturing _ jus-
tice which debnses, ‘This can no
longer. be done by. the. MNeensed
‘producers,- while the Independents are
‘looking Jn the ‘same direction,
the ‘inoral is minda plain,: the effect of
‘depicting crime is beneficial rather ‘than
Jharmiful, .°-°” MG a
* Probably ‘tho pictures referred to’as
especialiy bad wate imported filma used
in, Independent™thenters; and no one je
More anxious to suppress pictures which
jeast a: cloud on the fnir-name of motion
: photogrphy jfhan those’ who. Iva: the
. joney ‘and ‘confiden i
“the’ business,” -: oer {Presied .
ROY “gw EONS | s EX!
-the ‘criminal’
BITOR. |
j|tha: Edlaon Storage Battery Company,
ply, with equal force to the best literu-;
Where |:
HUODTOU, ‘THX., Chroitcle (268%
SATURDAY, MAX, Qf, 1910.
i B RU We ane etary eee
|, EDISON PUBASED.
Jetrolt Electric Builder Places Large
Order for New. Current Producer,
» Following - a conference jn Now
York betweon Tho digon an
W. C, Anderson Dam prealdent
wf the Anderson Carriage Company,
he latter placed for his company the
argest single, order for Edison: bat-
ries ever given, :
“gince early in the season the An-
lerson company has, been. eautnnins.
¥ electrica .W D -
ferloes ut restricted “by nanan
imited output o io KE é
‘tants ‘ABO Senutt of the recont con-
erence and an Increase In the capac-
ity of tho Ediaon plant, this restric-
tion Ia practically ellminated, | ..
. Mr... Bdigon was pleased with the |:
hows that his nickel and steel bat-
tery;hag shown o 30'per cont:Incre:
‘évariilta¥rated:effiglency-—o result
beyon S
his expectations,
Pa e ce eed
ferles, but was
ezatilarge,”. sald Mr, And
4 oy
“the. Impresato
aut isnt sae
ME Ag: utter, ot fact, Jt: A
meoncratéd tin} automoblles, in’al
eae aa cs for’ the last: seve
years." Thosfactthat-over 100. of thy
fold tyne batteries, operated - by
‘many of ‘the largest’ business; houses,
tinj-New. York,- averaged only $36.90
per*battory year of their I!fo of three
to, seven .years of continuous service
and with hardly a doy lost on account
of.trouble, proves that the Edison bat-
tory has long since passed the exper-
Amoental staee * - eae
:- Frank A. Dyer, vice president of
swill goon, visit the Detroit Blectric
plant, and will get data from-users of,
-the Edison battery in Dotroit. as: t
Pate ined,
——
iIBUSY THOMAS. A. EDISON
NEW YORK, May 21.—Clear-cycd
or 1 May .—Clear-cy.cr ly displace Afi 2
qulek-fopted und as alert ne a ball player, ta Tianting aa. Bete Banos
of as A, Edison, 64 years old, and the . a a
lo | Greatest example of tha human dynamo S alvin: contended thatthe: mare
of energy tlving today, sata!
tory ut Orange, N. J., one
°.1 thirty ‘years, and, © ong: by -ane’
j= [Fows of traditions and! fanc) va ps
upue
dl sant
ATLL AARNE: ALE ANN apm ere == rbot aDAre
ly) with all the calmness of 1 man: who
can prodico ayidence ‘to prove what
te taking about, * 7. ae rr > oe
“7 don’t belleve In exorcise aside from
that entatlod by a man or woman's nat
Ural oecupation,* was hit greatest blow
to theory. “Coneldering the human body
ag a dynumo, It takes In enough fuel
ordinary oceupation,
“People don't Know how to feed the
hitman. dynamo nowadays. They are Kt
ing thomsctvos by overeating, ‘They eat
Decnuse It gives them pleasure, If they
were cating as. n dynamo, considering:
the body tn that way agaln, they would
eat just about a third whnt they do
now. ‘ :
“C oat Just enough to keep my welgit
constant. If 1 ind tain getting heavler
than yormal, I cut down niy enting, and
{€ 1 find Tam falling below my averiugo,
Tent more, And Tf ent everything, too,
I have no restrictions upon iny diet ex-
cept Jn point of quantlty, “1 eat very
Ute, not over four or five ounces to 0
meal, f eat every time TF feel hungry.
T 6a to my meals regularly, but If 1 don't
feel hungry 1 don't eat, 1 steep alx
hours a day, and sleep whenever and
wherever I feel like, Time or placo. makes
no difference ta me.” ‘
“No Time for Interviewers,
Busteg. wlth his experiments in farther
perfecting the phonograph, .waloh, In the
aera ere
as of scint commercial worth, and with
his new ceinent house, Mdlson Is avery
hard man to see. le does not ike to
spare the the necessary for an Inter+
view. Once he agrecs .ta_talk,howor
he talks ready, and answers every qucs-
thou put to bla without hesitation, - He
ls rather deaf, and tt is necessary to put
most questions to hlm in writhig, but he
river confines himself to the written
form, elaborating on every answer,
whieh, it fs sald, make the flgures in the
pleture speak very naturally. and “this
wil be glven to the public fn the near
future, Q
To Frank W. Frueauff, president of
the Natlonal Electrle Light) Association,
who bore an invitation to hlin last week
to attend the Gwenty-fifth annual con.
vention of the association, besinning
Mny 23, nt St, Lows, when®an “dlson
Day" will bo held fn hls honor, an Invites,
ton whieh the Inventor dectlued, ‘Edison
suggested the possibilltfes of the discov.
ery and development of a new power—
“another method of agitating the atomsor
inolecules besides tie thiig we call elece
trielt as he satd—but, In the mean-
time he declured that the scope of
electricity as a motive power tx gradual-
ly wiiening and being betler realized,
What the new power nay be the great
Inventor did not undertake ta say, Its
dIxcovery, nd he suggested, wil likely be:
by accldent, probably through one of the
fva human senses, an. radium and. X-ray
were found through the sense of Igat,
: His Hardest ‘Task, ~
The tnventions~ whieh, in.
cal firvehtions, ate, thé tdirintng, tha tel
phone, jandsthe, {ngandéscent slight _ sys.
tom—an ia ay atame: aa aoa e et
LiThatiwae the, hardeat-.work,! at thr
Inventor’s!The-publia, seas, only, tha ght,
{tsolte: but-elt:..waon tho: system. ‘whieh
caused me to sweat blood for’ alx-yaars,
pnd take out-130.patents on varlous, sy:
tems oo wegerate CON RL Bh
-"Wdleon’ daciares ‘that .of call Inventions,
not his own ho ‘would rather .have ; js,
vented the steam: engine than anything
elso, ‘because of what It has dono to ad-
vance clvilization,. Yet he believes that
olectricity must supersede stean,..F- 43.5
“phe use of electricity will be general”
povdeciares. “Perhaps the greatest rovo~
lution will bo In the vehlele” trafttc of
ihe clty, Think ¢f the magnitude of the
horee traffic today, While the railroads
are a big proposition, eonalder: that
everything hauled to them or: hauled
away: from ‘them is hauled by horas
power, That fa why I aay, electrlelty
must Rupersede the horses, and bring
about -n complete revolution In ‘vehicle
transportation, Shy Sad w
“ny pelleve that electricity
git ee sine ew age
his lavora- | and |
last weeks,
yo} Surrounded by suggestions atNthe work | touce.
iy {of hiv’ wonderful -brain during “tho™past|-
he
to supply {ts needs in the course of tae |."
beginning le strangely enough regnrided |
He haa just perfected a new forin. of sath, During n recent trip thraughout
som!
moving pletures and = the phonograph, 0 of tha Srrigated regions .of the
wei
‘Kadlson’a }
fudgment,: stand’ out among the clectrl- |,
will almost |
Ushthyon have the more you wilt want,
jo ft hos proved. r never hud much
for the ave light, and would never
one, In fact,
6 .only. Way of handling the trans-
Hite jon’ of. power Js through the’ cestral
.. Tutation, © ‘This: thing: of a clly hav-
may OP-theog. 2 :
When-ond jrane. wh
nideh ‘better: and snuch cheaper:
note, for much Higher officleney in
motors’ to prodtee wower for Iso-
“communities, ind. thera fg (alsa
for the sun motor in the ard re-
he continued?"
Telephone WIt| Be Iniproved,
be tHon bellevey that the telephone will
dlp tatty Inproved and-will eventually
lfeg: telegraphy on. diee ralironds,
vey Improvement Wit be as te volume
he‘ find and clearnsss of articulation,
is “Totny it Is very dificult to
rega
Bene
& message over the telephone un-~
waite words are extremely almyple, The
thay
wh
ulatlon ought to’ finally be better
the phonograph.”
» Inventor believes that of ali tnven-
» postority will regard more highty
y any other tha- phonograph, becauso
ts sentimental site, He puts the
rn ad picture in much: the same class,
has been suggested that eventually
he etor will bo devised which will solve
bell problem of nerlal navigation; do you
aqve that Is true?" he was asked,
nerd ¢ motor haa already solved tho
ter jplane pmblem,” he replied, “The mat-
eamiot making. the acrofiiane safe and
jt ‘merteal will bo due to soma change
he aeroplane steetl.!”
h attempt to Involve dixon Inn” dls
fon of the posulbili{fes of the use of
sucitticlly, dn warfare met with seant
ers: When it wae suguested that ex-
win gients are being made with a ray
WIG) wilt Kil) for many miles, and which
lesinea to render airships and bat-
MRS wncless, pe terely sinilod,
iow Tie Matter of War wilt be inalts” d'a—
he Nt of by the nations golng broke,”
he Voolared, “Popular uprisings are Ikely
ot Int an end to the military business."
Anat helleves: firmly that clectrlelty wilt
sa tramendous field in western trrl-
Irrig the great Inventor studied the vast
Hatton systems with Interest, but ho
t "Tha to ‘reyard as a waste of opportuni+
Ye be.well, an money,
With all the vast amount of water
Lith er stored nway fn the recesses of the
ther: T cannot understand why they build
watt? great long ‘dltehea to carry the
woul? down to the land, The almplo way
Ante id be ta make that water power pro-
dues olectrlelty, and send the electricity
on na alender wire to where: it
ad pump the water with Tittle ast.
in any quantily, at much lesa cost
the present system requires., Dig-
Gliches 18 the brute way at folng
pt dG":
Wei A New Force,
‘otnallle Edison discusses in new force,
spine than electrielty, merely as n posst.
Ing Ne, He discusses itTa'n most Interest-
) PE manner, ‘
aye haven't got very far.’ he aald,
have but five sonsca and they k¢op
UB Fretty’: bay... ThouMeray..and radium
OU A~never have’ been discovered if St
‘Di-not. been.ctor thevsenne of, light:
are ‘any ‘quantiiyot forces around
ut. we, Won't find ;them unless some-
‘happdng, thdtibiluge:them to, one
sekey Titereyys r
SE een
9! ,
an I ‘tole dinner ontuime occasion. with
‘anceminent-proféssgr: of the Universltj-vf
‘Berlln,and Jimoved nf rorefinger at him
‘and*jasked “hin whatiynude It ‘move, He
coutdn't: tell.. There ts, ong form:of mo-
Hone that. widovnotoemprehend.... So
itistl there. may baasitrcovereds 1 new
power..wlile -We''enn convert to use—Dbut
T_ cannot any whint it? will bet! 4:
“wPnsnventor’s. crent, recreation Is Atte
tomi@biting.. Te han hale n dozen cars,
and enjoys sp'nuing -:nlong over. the
amoct! ersey roads. We fa apt:to call
out bis<drivera at any:hour of the night
for:'yoride. Te gets up -at ntout.. 4:30
o’cloik. every morning, and he fa ,con-
tatanity at -work fn hla laboratory, Rdl-
non'a Income ‘haa - been estimated at
arould x million dollara a year, but he
carei ittle, for money for money's sake
“Miat. do you think, you will take up
next"' he wis naked... + Maan yf
“Au he said, “I am an old man—and
ea\not ‘answer . that.” 4
fer Qed.
Se eee — —— eee
—_——
ateatinply. rldicw. |
“do-all tha]:
ny.number of)
moony
SUNDAY, MAY,
veer
au, 1910,
on
WOON ON ET CR oth CALE
OMATIC SHOPPING, “|
Inventiof whereby shoppers wilt bo
able to shop by machine. That {s,!
he will perfect a sort of slot con-
trivance which will automatically
handle a large nutmber of articles be-
sides chewing gum and salted pea-
nuts, The inventor is free to ndmit
that all goods canot be handled in
this way, but he belloves that the
Proportion that can be {ts s0 large
of the day's work, {
that the expenses of store keeping |’
will be greatly decreased, or
_course, Uiko 1 humane-memybe Ng>
“ures that the savings will golto the
customer; he would not bothg’ with
the contrivance ff it were m ly to
make the rich dealer richer, “We
don't know about the accuracy of
this deduction, Trusts simplity the
handing of goods, For instance,
the beef trust, with its huge abba-|.
tolrs, its modern machinery, Its pack+|:
ing facilltics and its rallroad connec-
tlons, can prpduco meat products at
much less cost than tho old-fash-
foned way, but never were all kinds
of meat as dear as they.aro at this
time, The:same thing is true of the
modern ‘dairy, which has sent the
price of butter up and kopt it up, and
in fact we can find a notable in-
crease In a score of food. articles,
which we know.are handled on | a
sclentific plan and pay. larger prof-
its than in -the. old days. ee
. Therefore wo may distrust the of:
ficiency of’ée system which Mr; Edi-
son has devised ns it would relate
to the pocketbdok' of the consumer,
__It-seems to be a‘natural. law of ditsl-.
ness that facilities aro'to a na Ox-
- tent. ‘orifela Ta oO:
missed a " grent “psychological point,
‘and ‘that is the human nattire-ness
yw lot ‘shopping eye to oye with ‘ihe|
oe
? clerk. ’ Thero {s something seduc-
tive and compelling In the hunting
of bargains and tn the contact of the
7 bargain hunter with trade aurpriges. |"
1
!
i
?
“Let me show you something else”
18 a tocsin that has, lured many a
-woman—and some men, too—into a
.Prolonged stay in the marts, from
which she emerges with her arms
full, Commerce thus is stimulated.
A machine could not talk and argue!
and show the fino points of goods, ;
but a clerk who is worth his salt can
soll many an item which the shopper |
“doesn’t think she wants, but really}
does, Selling is not automatic in
prineiple—it fs educational and were
it not for the skill and volublilty of
the salesman, we suspect, there
would be fatter bank accounts and
less things in the house. The world
is making Hfe automatle in many
ways, but there are limits to the pro-
cess—It must stop someyhore or our
system of Iiving will be completely
upset and wo shall all be lay figures,
as ike a8 peas. Z
eS
«
. Lenwts, Ya, Pe
Aan (2A TTY
WEDNESDAY, MAY, 26, 1019,
{Samuel Insull. Says Electiic
Business ‘Offers, Great
-|Ediidation
“FOR
“But, unbounded-a the ‘ppportuin tos fs
aré’in ono sense. they are limited ace :
cording: to’ the ‘young “man's capadlty:
and jJove:-for Work,” -sald..M
to “a Post-Dispatch ' reporter,
young man who ts willing to wor!
basis: of nefther hours’ of the: day ‘not,
@ays of the Week, .would.I say.thatithe
chances for‘success’ are greater. inal
trielty than“In. any ‘other technic
mechantcai’ business This Is par
because: its dovelopment, Jn"
muat ‘havea:
jbent;_-fourthiy,".ho ‘must Hy
industry,.and.1n the fitth plac
jhave-an ordinary. opportuntt
The: advice. tint Edison:
a. father’ for.
as
Poa tea auiter,,.
“Tho man who" ia.'tn: the’ electrica:
bunlness ts “generally =p direct servant
6f the publle.. ‘The publio tn an’ ox-
acting taskmaator, ft muat.'bo seryéa
24 hours a dayne x wy
., “The centralizing “of the: servicefor
transportation, and :Induatriat purposes |,
Ia opening up new fields ot “great: on-
portunities overy day... oe att
“WhenI sald a technical. education
, Nad necessary. I did not mean a thor=
ough .collego--education: ts an, absolute:
: engential: * Thera. are ‘technical’ schools.
.within the’ reach of most: Dorsons ‘on
Nigher. grados.. in’ the. ordinary: school {'
where tha foundation for this, education’
may be- had, ‘But.to nose who. have’
not had. or ‘cannot -get even. these ade
vantages, I'can-onty say—burn the mid:
night oll.., Get. the - Practleal '.side-.in’
the. shop, “but, spend: the. ‘night: hours’
at homo studying, the: theorles, -..Th
‘a‘no’ other way’ out: Of it."
i :
Insull has had tha ‘practical exper!
ence of. tho, hard Work: of) which’ he’
Apoaks thoug
Rever to tat
haa done
——
CUPPFALO, N,V. Sat
THURSDAY, MAY, 26, 1910,
‘TreasasmbrnElsays In signed articlo:!
in the June nunber of “Popular Electri-
city" discusses interestingly .tho futuro!
of electricity and: invention,’ ‘Tho opin |
fon that the possibilities of eloctrlealde-;
velopment have about been exhausted ‘ta
not that of Mr, Bdison.’. The’ field .ofy
work, Is: by, no means ‘exhausted; ‘says,
the wizard of Menlo Park, and he adds
that’ the chances’ for: hig, iow "electrical,
inventions are much greater. than beforo}
Ahe telegraph, the telephone, th
“slight, and. thee trie, motor,
svanted: In: fact, we-have, no
fav beyond Frankii Par
., Edison: then’ proceeds’ fo anu
1a chances’ of .Improyem ane
ero Kea
: Panaserd bet
: hie’ become cheaper fn tlie Inst ten, years: a
‘and Mr, Edison bolloves ‘that it will-be-'| t
‘veomesn hig -fuctor in reducing: the high']f
cost of living, A large part of the: 1
pense, of living comes from the ‘cost: ‘f
delivering. smalt ‘quantities to ‘the “ultie!
mate consumer, What fg needed, says:
Mr. Edison,‘is to devise anitomatic stores,
[where the distributing -cost ig brought
down too minimum on owery article han.;
dled. “A-fow < sneta: control
ling chutes and hoy, 40, ‘and the thing |:
fg done.” Mr, Edison hopes. before tong’,
.| to produce’ a vonding machine that will
“| deliver supplies og Patd for on the. spot.
‘The cost of living go. far as. rent is |
concerned is to bo reduced by cheapentng |:
the cost of bullding’ homes, and: thia is’
alrendy in a fair way of accomplishment
through the Invention of the “Edison! co.
ment house. All Mr, Edison does is.to
mold a: house instead of & brick.’ * Hor
$1,200 he promises a house that if mado’
of cut stone, would cost $30,000: > Buch’
%. {houses could rent for from $10 to.$12:4°
._.| month” anid “pay a: fale ‘profit. Bosides)
#€ | there would .be ‘no outlay “fo sinsuran
defor repairs. 603 °o ae 4
errr are
WASTING TOM, Do
* SATURDAY, MAY £8, 1910,
There !s.no synohronism bo-
© plotures and the talking,
hink of having a picture colored
ature with ‘the action and
early reproducod, 7
‘ave had Mr. Lumtore hore. Ho
Stayed with’ mo a couple of @aye and
was bsttenea with what I have dono,"
Mp.'Edison was asked what was the
{Invention Mecded by the
NEWARK, N. J., May 24—Thonthe ¢
A s..electrical wiza ‘
vuoy that ho Has succeeded in pri
ducing a moving ploture Photograph;
ing machino which will take Motures ine
in their natural colors, tho expori-|+.:4
ments showing such rosults ag to.war
rant tho Inventor: saying ‘that almog'
any day will geo tts perfection, — \ rea
“Whilo color Photography ts not new
{by any means,” said Mr. Edlgon,: ‘tts
nth
0 'prophet,"” ‘he repited, “and
ot ‘care: to answor, that question,
‘ talk of what “wo" havo} *
‘and evon tn the hands of 'thio experts
ithe, Satria 2
a
Also: working. on a
o ‘talking-moving ‘pic bs]
.T-know that there are aome |:
arket,, but. hone, of "a
——
LUE £20 104
eae ot, ATE)
ermmar EDISON'S LATEST. oe |
1,
Invents Machine to Take Colored :,
Moving Pictures.
NX... May 28,—Thomng Ay]!
leetrical wiziurd ** ‘teehee,
Unyetretheenenuaacded in producing a tov: |;
ing pleture photographing machine which
will take pietures in thelr aatural colors,
the experiments showing such results 4s
to warrant the duventor saying that al-
most any day would seo Its perfection,
C.D. BLATCHFORD NAM
Controller Prendergast announced the
;Appointment to-day of Charles D, Blateh-
[PHOTOCOPY]
9/24] 141°
Be clelaimoije metals
FBDISON'S. LATEST BATTERY:
pte eet
DESIGN HE CONSIDERS WORTH,
WHILE, APTER TEST.
a ihieP aan Atter stv
Storage’ Mattery Preduced After Sia
tae Experimenting Lakely to Alter.
Conditions, “In Commereint Yenicle
Teattie, Those Must Interested Say.
“Thora has been a groat deal written
‘ul a about the Edison storage bat-,
tory, tha invontion that promises to inaho.
over the commerolal ‘automobile situa: |
tion. ‘A Cow, yoars,tigo, when Mr. Edison |
firsp put ont his’battary, alt sorts’ of things
wore elnimed for it, by those too ‘ ho
hordly know anything about it, Of Into
there has not bee iho match discussion |
of it, but‘at this tlme,‘theee, who are in-;
‘teredied in It contend It is really accom-
plishing what was: hoped gor it, A man
connected with an ‘automobile’ company
that uses tho Edison, battory’only has
is to say about it: :
che porfection of. the Edison storage |
battery. has , brought about conditions
which should go a gret distance toward
golving tho problem of commoreial trans-
portation, When Thomas A. Edlgon
launched this invention six yours age.
it was the bost storage battery which ;
up to that timo had beon ‘produced. Tt
oliminated the drawbacks that interfered
with the-successful operation of the lend ;
“battery, the orily type then in popular
iin his first invention of a ‘storage
battery Mr. Edison made a-radical de-
parture from the working principles
of all former batteries, Ho started fresh,
forgetting overything that had hithorto
heon done, .He, decided that batterivs
in which texd was the active material |
had -too' muny inheront defects ever to [
realize. .the full: promise of electricity |
28 a motive power for vehicles. |
“Mr, Edison’s first battery was @ suc-;
cess,, Itwas tried out and tested by,
disinterested porsona, It was lighter,
‘oloaiier'and cheaper. The greater initial ;
ecet wad more than offzet hy a lower!
cost of upkeep and operation. It gave
“groster output “for thy same woight,,
ald not ‘deteriorate when left uncharged
end’ was. not injured by overcharging.
These, who tried it were delighted with:
"the utes Over 250. automobileg \
oquipped with this type of Edison bate)
tory’ aro now being ned for. dolivery ;
purpeses by somo: of .tha. largest firms
in Now York and. yielnity., eh teagan it
“So much for the first’ Edison battery. |,
Thecresults would have ‘patisfed almost):
: any.one-else, but Mr. Edisqn saw a great
; tulure“ih’ t the |
" iuttéry t6,the problem of trarisportation.
He algo.saw that his battery ‘could be
“ improved and that it must be improved
‘to aolvdthnt problem. 80 he sot Himsolf.
‘to-wark td improve It. : :
the applicatio of the’ storige |,
“Right. here ne aia, anotner cnaracter
istio Edison thing. He ordered his firs:
typa fof! buttery withdrawn fiom the
market. He closed the big factory.
serapped the machinery and starte after
that perfect storago battery ho saw'aheag
orbit. It was useless to point out tc
him“that-the then present battery way c
‘ commérelal success, that tho profits from
' Its sale would pay for all the costly ex:
. periments‘ required and that when the
hew battery was ready would be time
‘enough to withdraw the old. ‘Mr. Edlsor.
said ‘*No,' confined himself, to his labo-
ratorv and after six yeurs of persistent
toil,-in:the course of which 9,000 experl-
ments were made, he brought forth the
now: storage hattory =
“The perfected Edison storage batter
‘Involves the uso of an entirely new ‘vol-
vaio combination in an alkaline eleatro-
lyto fn place of the lend-peroxide com-
dination: and acid electrolytic charac-
veristio of all other commercial storage
‘yattories. This not only seoures dura-
ollity and greater output by tho given
welght of battory but eliminates a long
ist. of troubles and diseases inherent
in tho load acid combinutions. eels
“In the Edison battery’ tlio active ma-
terlals are oxides of nickel and of ‘iron.
vespeotively in the Positive and ‘negative
tlectrodes,’ the electrolyte being a solu-
tlon of caustic potash in water. yo.
“The retaining cana are mado of shect
steel... This can is welded at the seams
by the autogenous method, making leak-
aga‘or breakage from severe vibration
impossible.” The walla of the can are’
vorrugated so as to givo the greatest
amount. of strength, with a minimum
welght. .. Tho can Is electroplated with |
nickel and a close, union of the nickel and!
stecl fs attained, by fusing theni together
yo that they aro“practicatly one metal.
The coating of nickel protects the steel
trom rust,” ste a Cian
The arguments presented by tho ad-
nerenta of the Edison battery aro these:
“Every part of the Edison cell ‘fs. manu-
factured by specially designed machinery,
-Ml the parts are strong anddurable, Ali
active material manufactured—both nickol
ind jron—is tested before heing used in
commercin} cells and frequent tests are’
so made of the internal contacts in tubes,
The pockets and tubes aro securely
fnstened and the plates thus formed aro
practically ‘integral. es
-“Tho battery-requifes little attention and
zare and therefére lessens. the expense
tor labor, in a garage. In a solution of
caustic potash md ‘water only water need
bo added tokeep the electrolyte in tho
right condition. - Caustié potash solution
does not. affevt fron. in any way, but
vather prevents corrosion. i i
“Tha battery weighs about half as much
ag a lead battery for the same output;
but in addition to this it saves about 50
per cent. of Its weight In the construc.
ton of the truck itself. That is. a truck
built to carry an Edison sixty coll battery
would save not only 500 pounds in battery
welght but about 250 pounds in the welght
of the. truck over tho same truck bullet
to sarry lead cells, .
“Electric: wagons equipped with the
Edieon battery have been successfully.
marketed for the last six years, during
which timo’ several hundred have been
laced in the hands of users. These aro all
nm operation to-day and still owned by
the original purchasers.
“Thege clectric wagons have mado good |
records for cconomy, durability, low cost
ofupkeepand ganeralallaround eMeiency,
In the delivery service of leading depare-
ment stores, dry goods stores and express
companies these electric wagons ara
extensively used.”
t
Wes BER a ee tips oe
~. ~) SUNDAY? cUND. a9, i910,
Edison.:Battery Seems.
~GooT Tor 50,000: Miles
wer ch gg Sts
Buildér -of Detroit. Tells of Ims
i, portance of Perfected : :.
aH ‘Work, |. vv 4
. beeen PG A)
_ The ; porfection of; the’ Edison bati
tery will bo one of'the -groatost fac:
tora'in tho’ future of tho electric! au-
tomobilo business, nccordidg,, 's'W!. Of
Anderson, president of tho Anderson,
Carriage company; manufa ore’). of
tho Detroit Hlcctric, “Speaking of, tho
improvements mado by. ‘Halson, "Ar, Ans
See eon Valin mad See ea.
ion oa *,
packty, twice. a ne pound’ of: the
babtory starts ‘with! Ao erty
years, “All jtestg’
edgo indicate , that it: caxk<*
gubranteed to athe: buyer for ‘not: Jess:
jan 50,000 miles, ‘but it will’ produco:
double that mlloago, - Spyker
v. ‘ano normal charging rato.is double
that;of o lead battery. It-can bo“par-
tially;charged at 1 rato four times that’
of a lead battory without injury. |:'Thig-:
isa groat advantage in potting o num-.
bor of .miles‘storad. quickly. canny
bo ‘injured by. being overworked, | that:
is, discharged‘ at a high rate. Tt: ma;
be left standing discharged any lengt!
of timo. This point will be approciated,
by: those’ using the old-fashioned lead
wbottery, oe nar,
("Tho ‘Edison battery ‘is in; ‘solid
wolded stool. jars, both the positive and.
nogative:plates ‘boing steol, “The active
jmaterial ts carried in individual: steol
jand nickel pockets, There aro no wood-
‘en./separators, ‘as in the ‘load battery,
Thore ‘is uo procipitation in ‘the bottom’
ofthe jare;-thero aro no. broken rubber.
irs no sulphuric acld—Edison “solu.
tion boing alkaline, which does not ra-
quiroi oqualiziig, fee ea
i The only: exponss .connected’. with
the Edison ‘battery {3 to: replace tho
olactrolite ,giauid) once. o year if the
cars is used: sovoral thousand miles, at
a:icost. of? approximately ‘$7, and, : to
use tho: words of-an ownor, ‘tha only
noxtithing to do is to water {t ‘and
feed. it.’ ‘he .collg. should, of, course,
be.taken out and cleaned once or. twice
a‘yoar, and tho outside washed in warm
water. -'Tho colls-aro light, and can ‘be
easily handled and disconnected b: any-
one, whether a mechanic: or not. In
the caso of an‘accidont’ to ono ‘of tho
celis ‘tho car ‘can ho operated tempor-
arily; without any, injury or ‘but. little
loss of mileage. ay ‘
:-PThe rouson’ the ‘vale on - aloctria
cars‘ihas. been. so limited..is. on. ac-
count: of. tho short miloage gonerally
von ‘by..olectrica, It. was jlargoly,
ue to and. chargeablo to the; falfura
He battory! fospreduee: the, capacity
tho’ eo and. ecessary, to pop.
‘ulayize: perenne Ath teat pales Ba:
tery in’ the ‘car, thess troubles ate obvi-
ated, jand:it really: places,this vehicle in
D ( B
a claéa ‘by vitsolf.:? Onaccount of tha
increased ‘radius .our tolectric on lovel
streets and ‘undor normal conditigns has
at peed of 22% miles, much over tho
mits. . & 3
We gro frequently asked what
costs to opornto an’ oloctric car, whic
is much Joss’ than tho cost of the sin,
horse and.carriage. Tho motor rara
is'less than-1 cont por milo; 10 conta
idlowatt ie. about Taqual t6 that of thf!
asoline car. mR,
x “(The following are a fow.s} nl ad!
vantagos of. tho olectric: Lowor cost o:
jneurance, Jess caro and attention, small
cost. of powor, no oxpensive: chauffeur,’
freedom from insuranco limitations, no.
eranking,-instant readiness at all times,
develops power, despite ‘conditions .of,
woather, less time in tho:repair shop,’
simplicity of oporation, no danger from
firo or explosion, no leaking tanks, no
noise, no odor, .:no., groase, consumes
nothing when “idle, requires"lesa stablo
yoom, ;requires:-no -attention‘ when idle,
gnd js casily hondled‘in’congéated traf:
Ge
,
®RANGE, ..N.'5., OHRONIOLY
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1910,
ICTOBER:|5,.1910/-—~
IIs Being Demonstrated Today
by Mr. Edisori
. "| . , "
‘ls Glven a Run Through. the Oranges
»Thig’ Afternoon—Looks Like
pots, Ordinary Trolfey Car...
*A‘public demanatration of & “track
Ness street car’ ts: bellig'given’at West,
‘Orange this’ afternoon .by Thomng A.
Edison, ©The. car, which. is ‘ener,
tl MNCHus I7Hlo YW, OLN’
intend ene ataie Ga
ain Se Hatt te wor
Satoh
olutionize
king
bes in from Passaic yes:
pera: y Where’ it ‘was’ bullt. | It. cnn
stravel Jifty or. sixty. miles witi-a ‘single
‘charge of electricity. in the new. Kadl-
json batteries, halt the day's run, “It is
expected that companies will be spect.
iilyformed and’ a line for Montclair
‘and the Oranges soon be put’in opera:
sHon. | past een SE us int Ces
7 '‘The new. car closely: resenibles Lh
ordinary trolley ¢éar_and runs,on.ru
cher: tiraays but “1,600 poun
ns iagalnet?- the! 4,000 pound ~ Lond
omnibus: ng; the: sara’capacit
twonty:nine.:persons.;~ “~~~
——
DENVER COMPANY SECTION
BULLETIN |
N-E-L-A:
Volume 2. JUNE, 1910. _ Number 6,
PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE :
DENVER SECTION OF THE NATIONAL ELECTRIC LIGHT ASSOCIATION,
405 SEVENTEENTH STREET, DENVER, COLORADO
A TALK WITH EDISON. ~~ 7
NOTE: Through the efforts of T. Commerford Martin, executive
secretary of the National Electric Light Association, Thomas. A. Edison
“consented to the following interview, published by the New York World
and a number of other metropolitan newspapers. Mr. Frueauff was
present during the interview, and asked Mr. Edison a number of questions
bearing on the future of the industry. He also Invited the “Wizard” to
attend the convention. He expressed his hearty apprectatlon of the
courtesy, but said that owing to his deafness he found Ilttle pleasure In
‘ oe attending such large gatherings. He professed the deepest Interest in F
7 the work of the assoctation, ,
A new power, a force to be drawn from the ether, an as yet undiscovered
} something that will cause as great a revolution as electricity has caused—such
‘1s Thomas A, Edlson’s dream to-day, ‘ ’
7* “1 cannot guess what this power will be," he sald to a writer for the Sunday
World, “nor how {t will be discovered, but {ts discovery will be an aceldent.
There are many forces at- work, around.us, but we shall not find them unless
something happens that will reveal them to one of our five senses. Something
- will have to happen to. agitate or excite this force and transform it into light, ’
-or heat, or some other manifestation that we can understand through our sonses, oe
. “There are any number of undulations in the ether right here.in this room, = -
but what they. are we,don’t know, - To iustrate our “Ignorance: ‘Once when) .-
dining with a learned phystology professor of the University of Berlin I wiggle
my forefinger at him and asked him what made it. move. He couldn't, tell,
There you‘ have a form of motion _that we don't. lsnow anythin
don’t know “what.it ts,
C yo. “And so, there Is yet to be a alscovery in the domain: ‘of-mna fon her,
» something that we shall be able.to carry on- wires: to’ great distarices, and: ‘that,
perhaps, will‘afford us power, but! I ne gitess.
Oh, ee eae SU Soe ola blah
2 DENVER COMPANY SECTION BULLETIN |
‘Throughout the interview Mr, Edison kept reverting to this idea—the prob-
ability of some new and as yet unthought-of power or force being discovered,
as were the X-rays and radium, for Instance,
It was Impossible for the inventor to expound the {dea further, for, after
all, it Is only an Idea of a possible something, the nature of which not bven
ho with all his wisdom could even guess. Yet a mere idea of Thomas A, Edison
is important, Just because it {s Edison's. For Edison's method of invention Is
the imaginative one; his mind sees a desired effect and then starts out to find
some power or sone apparatus that will produce this effect.
In the meantime, while this hypothetical force remains undiscovered, what
may we expect electricity to nccomplish In the immediate future?
“Lots of things,” sald Mr, Edison in reply to a question along this Hne.
“It §s the power of to-day and nearly everything which requires power or motion
will soon be in the form of electricity. It will almost entirely displace gasoline
In autontobiles. In vehicular transportation in the cities of the United States
it will bring about a complete revolution. The railroads cover this country
with n vast network, yet almost everything that is now pulled to them or pulled
away from them is drawn by horses, People do not realize the magnitude of
horse traffic, and that is why I say electricity will revolutionize this phase of
motive power. ‘
“The greatest invention In the electrical field, in my judgment, was the
dynamo; then the telephone, and then the incandescent Mght as a unit. Of all
human jnventions, not my own, I should rather have invented the steam engine,
because of what it has accomplished for civilization,
“There will be a vast improvement in the telephone, especially as to volume
of sound and clearness of articulation. ‘To-day you cannot send over the
telephone a message which contains a lot of, say, Hungarian names, The
articulation ought to be better than on the phonograph, and it must be made.
I believe the telephone will eventually displace the telegraph on railroads,”
Replying to a question as to which of his inventions he thought most Ikely
to receive the homage of posterity, Mr. Edison satd at once:
“The phonograph, because of Its sentimental side. In the development of
the phonograph and the moving picture we have now reached a point at which
“we can make the picture sing and speak vory naturally, and the public will
get this Invention in the near future.
“Another big advance in the electrical fleld will most Iikely be along the
line of high efficiency in the wind motor, which will produce power for isolated r
communities, and there fs also hope for the sun motor in the arld regions,"
“Do you believe, a8 Leonardo da Vinci says, that the right motor will solve
the aeroplane problem?” was another suggestion.
“The motor has solved the aeroplane problem,” he satd, “The problem of
making the aeroplane safe and commercial {s another matter, and this will be
solved by changes in the acroplane.” :
- “Is it possible that the twentieth century may hold as many surprises as
the nineteenth?” the writer ventured at this juncture.
” “Progress In electricity will continue during the next twenty-five years,"
he declared emphatically. “The demand for everything {s unlimited. The more
" * Hight you have the thore light you want. And in Its possibilitles electricity
seems unlike almost anything else—unlimited. What the farmer produces is
Umited, but the demand fs always strong upon him.
NATIONAL ELECTRIC LIGHT ASSOCIATION 3
“Ags to the various methods of applying the means, there ‘js, of course, a
question as to which fs best, It is Ikely that there will always be a tussle
between the slot, the trolley and the storage battery car, for Instance.” ‘
In response to a question by Frank W. Frueauft, President of the National
Electric Light Association, who had gone to Orange to urge Mr. Edison-to.
attend the twenty-fifth annual convention In St. Lonis, at which there was to
be an “Edison Day,” the Inventor declared that of all his work the incandescont
light and motor system was the most difftcnlt. .
“The public sees only the electric light,” he said. “It does not appreciate
the diMculties of the detatls, I sweat blood for six years, and took out 130
patents on various systems,” he sald, “but the light itself is all that Is apparent
to the general public.” $
He expressed the bellef that steam has reached the point of [ts highest
development, especially on the rajlronds, unless they widen the gauges, and
declared his opinion that the use of electricity will become general in rail.
roading, aa
« A question wag put to Mr. Edison as to the possibility of the use of elec-
tricity in warfare, with the suggestion that a European ts said to have completed
an Invention for projecting a ray which will kiN within a radius of many miles,
but the inventor was apparently not Inclined to discuss that phase of it,
“This war matter will be settled by all the governments going broke equip.
ping for it," he declared. “There will be popular uprisings one of these days
against this military business,
“f most certainly approve of the central station idea in the generation of
electrical power,” he said in reply to another question: “That is the only way
in which ft ought to be done, We are bound to gravitate toward the central
plant, It is absurd for a town to have half a dozen isolated plants when one
will do the same work at much less cost.” : ,
“What are the possible reductions In the cost of producing electricity—the
largest item of expense of production being now the fnvestment?” he was
asked, . r
“We.can make electricity cheaply enough,” he replied. “It is now down
about as cheap as we can get it, although there are big possibilities for savings
In the boller-room, but we still have to contend with the vartoug other expenses,
such as outside overhead fixed charges, which continue about the same,” :
Recently Edison took a trip through the Western country, where he was
deeply Interested in the Irrigation systems which he saw, but he {s seemingly
disgusted with what seems to him a waste of effort In that Hne, .
“I don't understand why they go tothe trouble and expense of digging those
long, costly ditches when they could make their water power manufacture
electricity right up in the hills, and then take it down to the land to be Irrigated
on slender wires,” he sald. “The system of digging ditches Js the brute way.”
Edison at sixty-four, keen eyed, clear headed and: as active: as & man of
thirty-five, busy with experiments on phonographic records, and with perfecting
his cement house, has ideas on eating, sleeping and exercising; {ideas which
should demolish many fads and fancies, coming as-they do from a real human
dynamo of energy that has been running with undiminished power for so many
years,
His rugged health and his enormous capacity for work indicate that his
beliefs set well upon him. While the aposties of pedestrianism are crying the
virtueg of walking he remaing one of the most enthusiastic automobilists in
'
o>
a. DENVER COMPANY :SECTION BULLETIN
the country, with a string of half a-dozen cars in his garage, and while his
. home {s within five minutes of his Iaboratery at Orange, N. J he prefers riding
there in a car to using his legs.
“I don’t belleve in exercise, aside from that entailed by a‘man's or a
*woman’s occupation,” he declared,
“Considering the human body as a dynamo, it takes in enough fuel to supply
{ts needs in the ordinary discharge of its occupations.
“People don’t know how to feed the human dynamo; they are idling them-
selves by overeating. hey eat because it glves them pleasure, Considering
the human body in the Nght of a dynamo, again, If they were to eat just enough
to feed it properly and keep it Boing right they would eat about one-third of
the quantity that they eat now.
“T eat just enough to keep my weight cana: If I find I am falling off
dn welght’I increase my eating; if I am taking on flesh I reduce my amount
of food. I don't belleve there fs any such thing as-bratn food, I eat everything.
I don't restrict my diet, except in point of quantity. [ eat very Httle—four to
five ounces to a meal—ond | eat any time I feel hungry. I go to my meals
regularly, but ff I do not feel hungry I lenve the table without eating,
“Tt sleep six hours a day and sleep at any time and any place—I could
sleep in a boiler factory if I was sleepy.”
“What will you go Into next, Mr, Edlson?” he was asked.
“Ah,” he said slowly, “I am an old man, I do not know."
Interviewing Edison has come to be n dificult task, for the-reason that he
dees not care to spend the time usually required. His deafness often makes it
necessary to write out most of the questions beforehand, but he answers every-
thing put to him without the slightest hesitation or evasion. But he character.
izes his deafness as a great blessing, for it shuts out a good many distracting
sounds—perhaps even the distracting talk he does not wish to hear—and per-
mits him to concentrate more effectively on the great problems of his Nfe. At |
all events, no one who Js with him ever thinks of his deafness as an infirmity.
Most of his pleasure nowadays 1s derived from motoring, and he'ls apt to
call up his drivers at any hour of the night and take a long ride over the
Jersey roads. He seems to have no particular preference in cars and he never
tinkers with them himself, ‘«
For some time he has been working on the perfected system of moving-
talking pictures, and it is said that they have at last reached such a stage that
the flgures articulate to thelr mations in absolute unison.
This has long been the dream of those who have studied the possibilities of -
the device that had its first auggestion In the “picture plays,” was amplified in
its pesstbilities by the moving picture and the perfected Phonograph, and
‘Edison's plan has been to really unite the moving picture and: the talking
machine so that they would automatically give movement and sound in an
exact partnership. Thus an oration by a ea } might be transmitted not
only to the ear, but to the eye.
idison has set out to accomplish this point, and-his success Is certain, ee i]
Boge at
ate
[PHOTOCOPY]
EXSHANGE
CLEVELAND PUBLIC LIBRARY
| Populi Moetricity
lain English
JUNE 1910 No. 2
he ‘Jomorrows ¥
ei “Llectricity and
gee 2 CTnvention
‘TE understand that the readers of Popular I were beginning my own career again, I
Electricity are numbered among thoge who: should ask no better field in which to work.
are interested rather in the future of electric- - The chances for big, new electrical inven-
ity than in its past. I shall be glad to be ‘ tions are much greater than before the tele-
counted as belonging to this class, for, while graph, the telephone, the electric light and
no longer young in the sense of mere years, the .clectric motor were invented; while
it is with what electricity can yet do that I’ each -of these things is far from perfect.
am concerned in these days. If I thought We shall have easily $50,000,000,000 of
that the possibilities of electrical develop- money in electrical service in rg2s, and five
‘ment were exhausted I should not. give it times as many persons will then be employed
‘a moment’sconsideration, Sometimes fa- in electricity as now, most of them in branches
thers come 4 me, or write to me, about their for which we have not yet got even a name.
sons, and fant to know if in view of the I often’ pick up my laboratory note books,
fact that so much of the field of work is of which I have hundreds, full of hints and i
already occupied by electricity, I would’ suggestions and pegps into Nature, and real-
recommend it as a career. It is assumed by ize how little we have actually done to set
them that’ all the great electrical inventions electricity at work, let alone determine its
have been made, and that nine or ten billions secret. Why, barely thirty years ago, there
of dollars is about all that electricity will was no dynamo in the world capable of
stand, in the way of investment. Well, if supplying current cheaply and efficiently
FS
fe
g
Copyright 4810 by Popular Klecirictly Publishing Company, All rights reserved.
Le
Pi
=
saat
Ore
anne
SNS:
[PHOTOCOPY]
to the little incandescent lamp, and some of
the keenest thinkers of the time doubted if
the subdivision of the electric light was
possible. Tyndall remarked in a public
POPULAR ELECTRICITY
lecture,. with a dubious shake of his head,
that he would rather Mr. Edison should
have the job than himself, It is those that
will work at the art in the next fifty years
that are to be envied. We poor gropers of
the last fifty are like the struggling farmers
ani)
the
Tei
out
We
Frai
1.
meni
The
milli
here
sent
must
his
dow:
need
is on
one
is si
ren
way
pli.
beti.
hei
mu:
muy
it wi
thin
ever
by t
the i
sho;
bei:
mot
He
ji
Foi
ast
ent
war
hor
for
cat
not
gor
ne
Ver
str
of
Tl
fin
tol
~~
Caton eae, Meare:
[PHOTOCOPY]
THE TOMORROWS OF ELECTRICITY AND INVENTION 81
among the hare New England rocks before
the wide grain fields of the West were
reached, ‘The crops have been thin, with--
out reapers or threshers to harvest them,
We haven't gone very far, yet, beyond
Franklin or Faraday, .
* Look at the simple chances of improve.’
ment jn what devices are known today.::
They are endless, About one hundred .
million carbon filament lamps are made
here every year, much the same in all es-
sentials as a quarter of a century ago. , We
must break new ground, Lately the art:
has gone back to metallic filaments bringing
down to one-third the amount of current,
needed for the same quantity of light. That
is only a step. The next stage should be to
one-sixth, and, as Steinmetz says, carbon .
fs still in the game, for many of its ‘qualities
render it superior to metal. It is the same
- way with electric heating and cooking ap-
pliances, very ingenious even now, and
better than any other means; but ten years
_hence they will be superseded and in the
"museums with bows ond arrows and the
muzzle-loaders. As for the electric motor,
it will not be perfectly utilized until every-
thing we now make with our hands, and
every mechanical motion, can be effected
‘by throwing a switch, I am ashamed at
‘the number of things around my house and
‘shops that are done by ‘animals—human
“beings, I mean--and ought to be done by a
motor without any sense of fatigue or pain. .
Hereafter a motor must do all the chores.
Just the same remarks apply outdoors,
:For years past I have been trying to perfect
‘a storage battery and have now rendered it
entirely suitable to automobile and other
‘<work. There is absolutely no reason why
horses should be allowed within city-limits,
“for between the gasoline and the electric
lear, no room is left for them, They are
not needed. The cow and the pig have,
“gone, and the, horse is still more undesirable.’
-A higher public ideal of health and cleanli-
ness is working toward such banishment...
very swiftly; and then we shall have deceht
streets instead of ‘stables made out of strips
of cobblestones bordered by sidewalks.
The worst use of money is to make a
fine thoroughfare and then turn it over
tohorses. Besides that, the change will
put the humane societies out of business,
Many people now charge their own bat-
teries, because of lack of facilities; but T
believe central stations will find in this work
very soon the largest part of their load.
The New: York Edison Company or the
Chicago Edison should have as much cur-
rent going out for storage batteries in auto-
mobiles and trucks as for, “pdwet motors;
and it will be so some near day. “A central
station plant ought to be busy twenty-four
hours. It docsn’t have to sleep. So far, we
electrical engineers have given our atten-
tion to two-thirds of the clock; and between
io p.m, and 6 a, m. have’ practically put
up our shutters, like a retail store. I am
proposing to fill up that idle part of the clock.
Electricity is the only thing I know that
has become any cheaper the last ten years,
and such work as I have indicated, tending
to its universal use from one common source,
is all aimed consciously or insensibly, in
this direction. I have been deeply impressed
with the agitation and tall: about the higher
cost of living, and find, my thoughts inces-
santly turning in that direction. Prices are
staggering! Before I became a newsboy
on the Grand ‘Trunk Railroad, I raised and
“distributed market garden ‘sass’ grown
at the old home at Port Huron, Michigan,
and made many a dollar for my crude little
experiments that my mother with great
doubt and trepidation let me carry on.
Thus with early experience as a grower and
’, distributor, reinforced by filtyyears of in-
yenting and manufacturing, I am convinced
pretty firmly that a large part of our height-
ened; expense of living comes from the cost
of délivering small quantities to the ‘ulti-
mate consumer.” .
My poor neighbors in Orange pay four
or five times what I do for a ton of coal be-
cause they buy in Such small quantities;
.and,,thus the burden falls on the wrong
snoulders. This appeals to my selfishness
as well ag to my philanthropy, for the work-
ingman hasn’t much left to buy my phono-
graph or ‘to see my moving pictures with,
if all he makes is swallowed up in rent,
clothing and food. I'll speak about rent
alittle later. In clothing we have got onto
the universal “ready-made” basis which
has vastly cheapened dress while ensuring
[PHOTOCOPY]
to a mi
A few
and hoy,
der the }
the thin
of coal +
relativel:
IfI gett
machine
quantitic
spot.
Butel
high co:
apply to
even 1k
carving i
to pusi
Thousi
ning siti
sides I
people «
them ¢
is a bad
and sici
could |)
ratio of
One
high co
railway:
good in
congesti
rents ar.
of the «
long ag,
cement,
ing mai
rot and
ture sc.
old Ra:
today 3:
ago. \\
experini
account
Range-
insuran
cies be
idle bi
would «
moral 1
cement
great 1
of steei
risk, iu
a fastidious fit. When we come to food, without using anything but good “package”
Iet us note how far we have already gone in food. What is needed is to curry that a
centralized production of the “package.” step further und devise automatic stores
I believe a family could live the year around where the distributing cost is brought down
{
j
{
j
i
{
|
——
|
|
A
[PHOTOCOPY]
THE TOMORROWS OF ELECTRICITY AND INVENTION 83
to a minimum on every article handled,
A few electro-magnets controlling chutes
and hoppers, und the thing is done, I won-
der the big five- and ten-cent stores don't try
the thing out, so that even a small package
of coal or potatoes would cost the poor man
relatively no more than if he took a carload.
If I get the time I hope to produce a vending
machine and store that will deliver specific
;-, quantities of supplies as paid for, on the
spot,
Butchers! meat is one of the elements in
"high cost of living that this plan may not
apply to readily; but it is amazing how far,
even now, automatic machinery goes in
carving up a carcass. We shall simply have
to push those processes a little further.
Thousands of motors are now in use run-
_ ning sausage machines, for example. Be-
', sides I am not particularly anxious to help
people eat more meat. I would rather help
them eat less, Meat cating like sleeping
is a bad habit to indulge. The death rate
‘and sickness of the population of the country
could be reduced several per cent, in the
«ratio of abstinence from animal food.
+ One most important item in the modern
igh cost of living is rent, The electric
‘railway has been an enormous factor for
good in distributing people so as to lessen
> congestion and Jower rents. But homes and
ents are still much too high in price because
{ the cost of construction. I saw it coming
t ! i, long ago and hence went into the making of
ement, the cheapest and most durable build-
4 ing material man has ever had, Wood will
;rot and. burn, but a cement and iron struc-
ture seems to last forever. Look at the
old Roman baths. ‘Their walls are as solid
et today as when built two thousand years
ci" apo, .When I came to the close of some
experiments on magnetic ore milling, on
account of the opening up of the Mesaba
Range—which will not last forever—the
: 2 surance companies cancelled their poll-
vay cies because of the “moral hazard” on my
le buildings. I said to mysclf that I
would construct buildings that did not have
oral risk, and thus went into the Portland
ement industry. I have already put up o
eyereat many large buildings of my own all
teel and concrete, avoiding this moral
isk, and now I am rapidly developing the
idea, in ‘building with large iron molds,
houses for poor plain folk, in which there
is no moral risk at ull, nothing whatever to
burn, not even by lightning. When I get
through, the fire insurance companies can
follow the humune societies, for the lack of
material to work on.
My plans are very simple. Nothing that
is fundamental and successful in dealing”
with the wants of humanity in the mass, must
ever be complicated. -I just mold a house
instead of a brick. A complete set of my
iron molds will cost about $25,000, and the
working ‘plant $rg,ooo more. As a unit
plant, I will start six sets of molds, to keep
the men busy and the machinery going.
Not less than 144 houses can be buiii in
a year with this equipment. A_ single
house can be cast in six hours. With in-
_ terest and depreciation of 10 per cent on a
sum of say $175,000, the plant charge against
each house is legs than $1ag._ I believe that
the houses can be erected complete with
plumbing and heating apparatus for $1200
each when erected on land underlaid with
sand and gravel. Euch house may be dif-
ferent in combination of design, color, and
other features; and endless variation of style
+ is possible. The house I would give the
workingman has a floor plan 25 by 3o feet,
three stories high, with cellar, on a lot 40
by 6o feet, with six large living and sleeping
rooms, airy halls, bath and every comfort.
In cut stone such a house would cost $30,000.
These houses can be built in hatches of
hundreds and then the plant can be moved
elsewhere. When built these communities
of poured houses can become flowered towns
with wide lawns and blooming beds, along
the roadways. Rats and mice and Croton
bugs will have as much show in them us in
the stecl sufe of a bank. Cement neither
breeds vermin nor harbors it. ‘There is
nothing in all this that is not common sense
and easy of practice. With a fair profit
these houses should rent at ten to twelve
dollars per month. Who would not for-
sake the crowded apartment or tenement on
such terms for rvomy, substantial houses,
fitted with modern conveniences, beautified
with artistic decorations, with no outlay for
insurance or repairs and with no dread of
fire or fire bugs?
[PHOTOCOPY]
na
: bam YI aq
MTAGKRA FALLS, N, Y,, IRN'R (Sia
Thomas A. Edison
[PHOTOCOPY]
"Will Be OF Great Value in Warfare
' BY THOMAS'A EDISON.
That Glenn H, Curtiss, the avia
in his experiments at Hammonds, >
succeeded fn hitting the bartlesdy
target with a missile dropped fran’
height of 800 feet, and aiso made fcur-
teen other ‘hits’ in the course of his
aerial evolutions, bears w erful pes.
timony to the possibilltles of the tsa
of the aeroplane in both land and sen
warfare, . :
Yet dt le no more than shauld be ex-
pected fram such an expert acroplahe
Operator as Mr. Curtiss, The skill of
the. operator.’ is) the. chief element. In
nothing but practice and. expertence
as the further needs In developing dhe
jj Oberitor’s skill to: sich “a point that
YEW VORR CITY
‘
'
‘
THURSDAY, JULY 7, 1910,
i
i{
yt
ai
H
|
i
I
vi
ia the other hand,
‘could droped heavy missile,
a. charged: bomb, «with ’
such
ate
«eng
Me L belleve that
Warships in danger of such an attuck
could easily provide a defense, Just
as they can’ swing out chain nets .io
ward off the attacks: of: torpedoes,
they could rig a similar netting from
masthead to stem and stern, that
£8 ete | Ng : :
WES OVE would ‘deviate tue course of such
i. = pas ste of bombs and roll them into the, sea.! I
CLE SEN vate WY f[-have not the slightest coubt'that. a
: aka 3 practical method: of so defending
themselves could be dévised.. should
the danger from aerial bombs’ become
very menacing. seg ee ie ds
‘A method of making the aim of the
operator more'exact should nat be djf-
ficult to dev T do not taink that
a gun, such ds has been suggested,
would be an Ideal plan, 1° rathpr
think that some way could be In zent-
eS by which the missile would be rp.
Jeased down a tube as soon as the
object to.ve hit had been. sightdéc
through an Instrument that would be
necurately regulated according to th
speed of the aeroplane and the direg-
tlon of the objective vearel. These ar
matters of mechanical detafl which ex-
perlenced naval gunners should have
Wtue difficulty tn working out,
On the other and, 2 question arise:
as to the destructive efficiency of sucl
a bomb if it actually struck the dec)
of a heavy armored battleship, If the
! bomb dropped down the smoke-stack
“ag one of Curtlss’s shots might have
dune, there would, of corse, be o:
end of the battlesinp for alt practica
purposes, provided the bomb explode:
in the confized space below. But sim
ply striking the deck, would not, t:
my mind, do any tremendous damage
Vilege a special explosive were used:
rriments along thts Ine would b
order, and pleric acld suggests ft
‘na drop of this powerful explosive
blow a hole clean through o heavy
plate of steel on being exploded on thr
surface of the plate.
Ai this means a lot of experimenta
work, and when we remember that 1
battleship costa nowadays anywherc
up to $15,060,000 or $20,000,000, while a:
rueroplane’s cost js but $5,000 or 8Q
there [s plenty of financial leeway fo
experimentation, by .
To am convinced that no acroptan.
would have such practical efficiency {
the pilot or driver had to drop th:
boribs himself. Another man is need
ed to attend to the sighting and drop
plug of the bombs, for the pllot ha:
all he can attend to himself, In dis
cussing<this phase pf the matter I an
taking the (view that the seroplan:
could. catch! a battleship | without” if,
anti-bomb awnings: . sprond, whict.
misht and probably would occur tre
quently, : tes
Anotier thing suggests Itself to me
The neréplane such rg Curtiss and th .
Wrights use—in* fact, any of: th?
planes that have shown fying powert
—are very delicately poised in the‘ah-
Traveling ot great speed, their ability
i¢ remain In the air is dependent so}
ly on the maintenance of the. spe’.
and of thelr equipolse. I cannot oe},
thinking that the dropping of a missili,
welghing say twenty-five pounds —un *
Jess managed with the. greatest case
which. again, might’ tend to offset ar
Heurracy of alm, Would sertously Jee
pardize the -equillbrlum of the plan
—-
Says A
|
which I told Mr. Curtiss when he
came to see me some time ago,
Though I have not expe-imented ie
rectly with the aeroplane problem, I
have studied the thing from an In-
Ventor's point, of view, and I told
Mr. Curtiss that I_am absolutely, con-
[such an- experiment, and I can. see Vinced the future of. lying ‘les fn the’
perfection. of. the, hellcopter’ ina,
. The helicopter - flyer: will, be é
the evolution of tho’ simple to.
children: have=a. mintaturat! pr
‘hat rises. straight to. yroat eel
falening Wilde FeV Gye oy pailing &
string wound round jth axis. “Witt the
hellcopter ta ratre [ft fron the gravndt
the ruture ying machine will be able
This brings me to the very :
in a menbure, to defy the eddies an
currents af the ‘air. The gyroscopte ac-
tion of the vanes of the hellcopte? w.4l
keep the machine ta exact equilibrium
at all times, regardless’ of these air
currents, and. ag stable on Its ‘serfat
Ded as an automobile on the ground or
Q steamer on the ocean, It $s not ma-
chanical. logle that a’ machine Should
beable to stay in the alr only so. long |!
as it Is able to’ make a horizontal {I
speed of forty or fifty miles an hour,
The timo must. come when, the: mar
chine will rise from o dead point and
be able to g0.up without. moving hor.
\zontally, Conversely, such a machine
Will be able to stand still at a given
helgat or to move slowly or rapidly
long at. whatever height the opera-
tor’ desires, Then, while It will be
nuch easler to rise to great. heights
whenever, necessary, such a micuine
van fly along at a moderate height, 30
or 50 feet from the ground,.so that
there need he no fear of falling from
great helghts, a
The elementary thing In gunning for
a kuttleship from an aeroplane must
be that the plane can rise to a helght
At which the operators cannot be
pleked off, Uke wild geese whirring
through the upper atrs, by an expert
marksman, With the delicopter ma-
2hine, the bomb-dropper can go ag
aigh ag he pleases, and can elther
stand perfectly stilt directly over a
‘hip that {s not moving, or move along
‘¢ exactly the same speed. Then It
would be an easy matter to Grop a
domb with as good alm as can be ex-
bected of any gunner,
I wag of the impression that the
deneva Convention : or some such
‘reaty among the nations forbade the
tropuing of bombs from balloons, i
‘hat be so, the same convention would
surely apply to the acroplane But we
nust recognize tiat circumstances al-
“er cases and that the rapid develop.
nent I expect to see in nerint naviga-
fon, conventions lald down years aZ0
nust be revised, .I suppose,
Be that as It may, there are other
ways Sn which the neroptane can. be
wf Great rervice In time of war. ‘As
t scout, Its reconnoltring possibilities
ire almost unlimited. And I can
veadlly concelve of a scheme to hitch
\ Noating torpedo of tremendous ex-
alosive powers to an aeroplane that
would drag it through the weer at
weat Speeds and .rai t ag the
Jide. of a cbattleraip. Seat oe
Such speculations “might be con-
cinued tdefinitely, as a result of-Cure
‘Nass Hammondsport success, It.seems
‘lo’ me os though the movement for}
.\nlversal neace or the abolition of war
should ‘recelve a considerable impetus
from the calm consideration of the
\eroplane possibilities In war. |
eo
Bode dle oh Seabed abe obs ob ode de oh ole hop |
Whmingtén, Dol. Journal (4zey,
: ; pe ge ™ os
roe
MONDAY, JULY: 28, 1910,
‘
imental Specialty Co,, Dayton, 07
—<—<——
NEW NEWS OF YESTERDAY
The Time That Dana Doubted
Edison’s Good: Faith
gh TE
{By E. J. Edwards.) ;
By the year 1878 T son |:
by his invention of the stock’ ticker,
the quadruplex system in telegraphy
and a microphone and carbon trans-
mittor in telephony, had become fam
ous as a ninoteenth century wizard. i
That year Charles A. Dana, oditor of
the New York Sun; was ‘told that} Ed{-.4
‘| Son had Jnyented an‘ natrymont. Q
| Some: nore, that ‘talked, «and Ins. dud
| Souradho-despatche “the -latseAmos:
J. Cummings,-afterward a member -of.
the House of Ropresentativos, and my-;
self to Menlo‘Park, N..J., where Edi-, ]
son had his Iaboratortes, for the pure |)
boro of inspecting and witnessing a}.
demonstration of the alleged invention | ,
as Mr. Dana ‘called it. oof Ye
..We found~Edison in the -best, of |)
spirits and standing beforo’his nowest |‘;
Product. He turned the crank and to}
our interise astonishment thero camo |-
*1 {rom thd bowels of the apparatus Edf-
. | 8dn's ‘own voice. Then he Invited “Mr,
Cummings-to speak {nto the machine,
and an hour or so Jater both of us
.| Were more astonished than before, if,
that were posstble, to hear the ma-
chine reproduce so perfectly that no,
one. who knew -the voice could. have
mistaken ft, word for. word, just what
Mr. Cummings ,had spoken into dt.
Alter that we wero entortained by the}:
machine - roproducing 2- song which
our host told'us had.beoen sung into
.the machine by one: of .his ‘nssistanta,
“He -thinks he can sing,” -added = Mr.
Edisons drily;- his irrestatible tendency:
to make a joke Botting tho better of
him. And a Iittlo’ lator, after he ‘had
explained the mechanism and tho phil-
osophy of tho .2eW invention, and its
.| probable uses, he’ solomnly declared;:
“Why, this machine will knock, report-
ers out of businoss! That fg the only
+] regret I have about it”, - we
Filled with amazement and enthust-
asm, we returned to The Sun office
and reported to Mr. Dana. : cise aia
“Tom Wdison has got thee th ng,
sure," declared Mr, Cummings, “Hi
machine will capture any. humayi ‘yoice
4 aud‘ then reproduce-it Just/as distinct-
ily, as though ‘the: pergon’.werd:talicthe:
“ee Ne
Oo.
‘3
ley
wy,
thing he
WE Pye. alt
Tit. It's ti
the 7 “Well,
ne, | Mr. ¢
ast the trick,
slowly
cr
yew-youre: . &
“é
| OTH
Rbout it, Why,
our lator ther
“Woll,” sald Mr. na,
and thoughtfutly,
<sure—go—ahead, It
Wonderful—gtory.”"
ei it
he story of
talking machin
day in The §
-Was the sensation
reading it, Mr. Da
that Edison had re;
he said he'
All rights ros
To-morrow Mr,
Tho Invention Ti
Would Beat the Bp;
clally.
at's fi iogked
mposs!
aldedly, aithers
about it,
|, there js mag!
mings replie
‘but thoro’
I talked into te
hing somow’
tranamittor
Nn you talk ay
on atin foil
Thrati
when the
chine and 8:
ed long and ai
88, as though
Bewizardt.
Phonograph, or
t appeared next
@ a-full page and
of the day, Upon
f the
le, as |
un mad
ally inve :
d; and ever after he re-
Edwa
hat E
hono;
Ic enough in tt," :
t was my vo
coming out of tha macht e ee
Mr. Dana still looked
“How does ho do it?”
“Well,” replied C
& Uttle t
crophone
and when
sbrates up
reproduces the y
vibrations,
Into she wis
@uce the human voice,” =
“Mr. Dann
at Mr Cummin,
Uummin,
hat ike his mi-
the telephone,
Bainst it it vi.
cylinder, which
ons. And those
oylinder ts put
t going, repro:
Cummings grow
"he oxelaimed,
m Edison has got
catch ‘the human |‘
BE. J. Edwards,
orved,) :
tds will tell of
dison Thought
sraph Commor.
ed
capacity of Output w a
which is equivalent Hy Bs
The Edison Co, already
Of 7,500 kilowntt and three o
watt capnelty, The new
capnelty | for moving 30,000
or a train of londed frelght ox
miles lohg—almost the dlatar
Boston and New York,
—_——..
NY RMGAAND
MEVSPAPER BUREAU,
CEeMED & CraDZsceast,
Saturday, vuiy 22, 7910
the amagg 21 Ye alen as suppose
Hi the 2Maunt of the shortage Tremulting
oe tke defaleutions of John A Hatt,
hjedtPiltles account or sanz ‘570 Ine
sence deposits to the amotnt of $3,029,.
26, Interest charges of 845,429 and build
Ings Income Recount of 3 oe
= Edison Co, *.- :
te Edison Electrie Co, *
Gein the General Electric Ca, a nese cared
° turbo-generator, or combi a
steam turbine and an electric generniiae
machine. The new
yi machine will be ready
for use next May. Its reguinr maximus
3,000 ktlowats,
has two turbines
f 12.060 Ktlo~
turbine has a
freight ears
urs Over 21
tee between
190 horsepower, :
[PHOTOCOPY]
KINETOPHONE LATEST
- WORK OF MB, EDISON
Gives Dramatic Exhibition at:
West Orange Laboratory |
¢fadieie ——
IN -PICTURE TALKS
OPAMGE, MLZER NILE
Perfection Will Be Made Within A
Year So That Audiences Can Sec
and Hear People Talk As If They
Were Present, :
In the presence of a few newspaper |
men and other . guests Thomas aA
Edison explained hls Intest Invention,
the Edison kinetopnone, and
which he has been working for severa
years at his laboratory in West Or-
ange, last night, [t is the motion ple-
ture that talks, and the demonstration
was given most dramatically.
‘There are really two machines, but
they are so interrelated through
electrical connections that i act
us one In producing before the spec:
tutor both the acts and the volces ot
the people who are Nepicted on the
sereen, although as ‘a matter of fact
the plcture producing part of the ma-
chine fs, as usual, behind the spec:
tators, while the sound producing see:
tloun of the apparatus is, Mr. Edison
said, placed behind the screen upon
which the pictures are thrown, .
Many attempts have been made, as
Mr. Edison and his, assistants vomuted
out, to render the human voice a
natural accompauiment with the mov,
ing pletures which have become so
popular all over the world. Thero,
have even been made certain records -
of the dances and songs of primitive
peoples by various exploring scien:
tists, iustrating just how the Indians,
for Instance, of Yucatan glve some of
thélr folk dances accompanied by.
songs anil thels primitive music, but
these have been made by two soparate
Instruments, one pleturing the move-
ment, the other recording sounds of
both voices and musical instruments,
and there has never been that actual
and precise agreement between these
two instruments which {fs necessary,
to glve the desired Iluston.
Mr. Edison himself occupied a front’
seat among the small number of per-
zons who Were admitted to this:
demonstration of one of his latest,
Achievements,
+Johnales. .You know no feltow's gO-
\ Dix
eevee, be 3 Bie oe
Dean to speak, AS soun ae Ge ape ti
his mouth the sounds cane us
naturally ag they would from an actor’
en the stage, or to be more preciso
perhaps It might be said that they |
came like the sound of the yoice of:
il manager who comes before the cur: ?
tin on the stage and makes some an. |
nhouncement as the stage nvyager |
may desire to put before his patrons, ©
This pleture man said In substance:
“Ladies and Gentlemen (although
there were no ladies present this
time). While many efforts have been
nade to produce ‘an apparatus that
would not only give you the picture
of the person speaking but give you at
the same time the sound of the spenk-
ev's volce, thls ig the first tle that
such effort has been crowned with
success,” :
« The man continued: “Te ihustrate
to you what { have heen saying € will
how take from this table which you
see before ‘me (the table and its ap:
purtenances were there) a ball and
throw It to the platform, and you will
hear it rebound at the same time you
see it rebound.”
He did take a ball from the table,
and the rebound exactly coinelded
With the enunciation of the words, not
only the sight of the ball but the
sound of its Impact on the Matform,
He next. went ‘on to say, as he sulted
the action to the words:
“I will now show you more distinctly
by taking a plate, which you see, fron
the table and smashing it to the floor,”
The plate went to the floor, as the
audience could see, and sinashed into
many pleces, the sound of the sinash
and the rebound of the fragments
coinciding exactly with tha motion
and the words of the pleture man, He
Rive another illustration by taking
uy an antoniobile horn and remark.
ng:
“E will now give you an iden of an
automobile sounding Its warning.” He
selzed a horn trom the table and
squeezed the bulb three separate
Untes, the horn giving exnctly as one
Would ‘expect it to do if one had been
a, chauffeur with his hands on the
bulb, three separate blasts, With this
the exhibition of the kinetophone
proper ended, sot, however, until the
man on the screen had walled to the
side of the stage and disappeared in
the wings. It might be sald hy captions
erities that the sound of the man’s
footsteps as he wailed off the stage
Were not heard, but in these days of
tubber soled shoes this may sound
* hypereritical.
As the lights of the picture stage
Went out and the lghts of his labora.
tory were turned on Mr. Edison turned
around and sald fn his characteristic:
ally modest and deprecatary manner:
“Well, that’s all we're golng to show
you tonight. We've got a lot more,
but we renlly ought not’to have shown
ft at all yet. I don't know how it hap.
ed. It’s too soon. But we're on the
t road; we ought to get there, and
will, Perhaps we'll arrive In an-
other year. .
“What I want to do Is, not simply a
ltttle thing like this. [want to give
grand opera, I want to give fohn Draw
with, all. he says and does. T want to
give’ Teddy delivering a leéture to
the nation. That's what we're atming
at. We've already done for the Casino
ing to fall in love with a chorus girl!
> Only ney thousandth of an
inch, thick.”
Mee penne SHOE SEER MOTT:
A. EDISON, Inventor Sy
eet ‘tho operator of « war Fei
‘opping ‘a-bomb should.not bo difficult
t think n° gun will be the ideal. pian, ’;
ome. way- should bo invented by which’:
ASED DOWN A TUBE as soon.as the
it and ‘aim:bo Properly regulated,
‘hand,.:tho ues ion arises’ fs to. the ddetcuotirg offi A
‘ei cy of stich’ ‘bomb if it actithlly struck tho deck..|
db
leap.» Simply striking
licve,Y
ae
ve
tontes b caro; which, tigiin, might tond to dffaot” Bhi
uracy: Of “aim, would seriously _jeopardizo’ tho
equilibria of the plane, eae
INCORPORATED 1895,
TNO... sc ssssennees
ST HEHYORK Aly
Fist, Bestand Largest,
[PHOTOCOPY]
WHAT PHONOGRAPH SELL-
ING TO FARMERS HAS
DEMONSTRATED,
PRACTICALLY ALL FARMERS HAVE
PHONOGRAPHS* NOWADAYS —- CO-
LUMBIA CUMPANY HAS ENCEL-
LENT SUCCESS—VICTOR CONDUCT-
ING BIG CAMPAIGN,
+5
By Chartes F, Berry,
If the keen merchandisers of
all lines were giving the American
farmer as a consumer that same
careful consideration which the
talking machine sellers haye been
giving him, the farm publications
would not offer to-day the same
golden opportunity for efficient
sales work which they do.
When Babson’ Bros, shrewd
Chicago young men, got a con-
tract across with the Edison Pho-
nograph Company to™SttIPpntito-
graphs by mail in the West, they
taught a typically indifferent
Eastern concern a lesson or two
in modern marketing, for they
quickly built a fortune out of
their right to sell farmers the
thing they were aching to buy.
Those ‘cynical Easterners who
thought their old vision of a
mortgaged © harassed —_hayseed
farmer hadn’t the price of a pho-
nograph in his jeans, nor the
spunk to buy it on credit, were
taught a lesson. Everybody in
the phonograph trade to-day has
a most particularly high respect
for the farmer market.
The lesson which
the phonograph adver-
tisers learned (after
loss’ of thousands) is
the same lesson that is
coming to other gen-
eral advertisers. Pros-
perity has made many
of them callous, but .
the growing realiza-
tion, even in that in-
ward nest of callous-
ness, Wall strect, that
know the Victor?
Do you realize you
are missing a lot of
pleasure every day
you are without
ander am eed ae ae
jms cet tt :
45
During the past summer the
Coluubia Phonograph Company
mad. its first appearance ina con-
i le list of farm publica-
For some years past this
y has had its eye on this
‘it. because of certain inter-
“nal reasons hest known ta itself,
it has never before opened an
Crash!!— another wax
record gone to smash!
Myers enon net en ea
wetligciaapi airtel
toa rent pos tee an
ms
Columnbie Phonograph Co, @ Frankfort Si. New 1
THE AVPLAL SWITCHED FROM MACHINES
TO RECORDS.
active farm paper campaign. But,
when it did commence, it gave
the farm paper situation not a Ht-
tle study.
Appreciating that the farm
field had been “milked
dry,” as it were, as far
as the machines them-
selves were concerned,
the Columbia people
Were astute cnongh to
see that, having failed
to grasp time by the
forelock when farmers
were buying machines,
their chance now lay in
advertising the ree-
ords, The latter, as a
mutter of fact, are to
ir home!
the farmer is at least Moi Eoriemem tie the phonograph busi-
as good or better a P™ictwuece | ness what the razor
buyer. than the city serch p blades are to the safety
man, is revolutionizing [ = Saa2= razor business, the
the thought-habits of
manufacturers.
Victor ©
music rolls to the play-
er piano business, or
Ay. 4b
[PHOTOCOPY]
The general news of
the world is found in the
newspapers. The story
of the people who make
the news is found in
HUMAN LIFE. It’s
the magazine about peo-
ple, and has a definite
appeal to the live wires
of reading and thinking
America.
Advertisers who use
space regularly in HU-
MAN LIFE reccive sat-
isfactory returns in direct
sales and in general
publicity.
Munalye,
_ THEMAGAZINE ABOUT PEOPLE
DVERTISING
EPARTMENT
0. 8 <F. ON
Ew y orRk
H IC AG O
OZBOSY
“$6 PRINTERS’ INK,”
any other such “ieeders” or
“comebacks,” as they are called,
are to their lines. They represent
a large fraction of the available
profits, : ‘ ;
lt is the testimony of George
P, Metzger, the advertising man-
ager, that the advertising 1s pro-
ducing big results, bringing in no
end of orders, Ads are running
in the mail order papers as well,
An interesting end of this cam-
paign is the fact that every effort
is made not to arouse the hostility
of the local Columbia agents by
developing even the semblance of
a mail-order business. Each ad
lists six or so new records of the
moment which are meeting with
particular favor. Not infrequently
orders in response to these ads
have been sent in for the whole
six records at once. But when-
ever more than one record has
been thus ordered, the order has
been referred to the nearest local
agent for filling. Even when only
one record has been ordered a
letter has supplemented it giving
the purchaser the name and ad-
dress of the nearest agent, where
future orders should be for-
warded.
A most readable series of ads
is being run by the Victor Talk-
ing Machine Company in farm
papers. The company has found
farm papers a particularly paying
Proposition.
——+-+__—_
Dr. Evans, Health. Commissioncr of
Chicago, feels it is his duty as a pub-
lic oficial to. post signs and other ad-
vertising material warning the public
against dangers to health. He recently
secured from the advertising agencies
the vacant spaces in public convey-
ances. In these spaces were inserted
acards inscribed: “Dirty Air Is
Death,” “Fresh Air Prevents Con-
sumption and Pneumonia,” “Ventilate
AH the Time—Winter and Summer,
Day and Night,” “Too Much Fresh
Air Is Just Enough.”
The Charles H. Fuller Company an-
nounces a department especially de-
voted and equiped to handle automo-
hile advertising and publicity. The
department will be located in Detroit
and will be in charge of Martin V.
Kelley, formerly of the MacManus:
Keliey Company, and IF. M. Randall,
formerly of Lord & Thomas.
ended
i
i
5
{
}
'
|
i
ae
[PHOTOCOPY]
-t: °° THE INVENTION.
That Mx. Edison has * perfected his
invention is* evident. from his* letter,
jwhioh, ‘is. ‘solf-oxplauatory. AL
‘should feel honored th
8
ieoted for trying ‘ont “his now “battery,
‘palng permitted to ‘assist in an
t.to which such getieral and
‘eidoaprond interest attaches: The let-
‘ter follows:) -. >
"Prom, Laboratory’ ‘of. “Thomas: A.
igor, range, NuJ., Ang. 20, 1910.
FM, Nowton Smith,” anil)
Pa ast ire
Tari abor
pmiuber. ‘of touring?! ‘teats w
lactic autoinobiled “équlpped- sith :
type-of b tery ¥
Blectrician “Newton "Smith ‘yesterday
stated that thé muntoipal plant ia oF &
bype— pe~alternating ourrent,fleld exciter
iat will lend itself without difficu-
ty to thé recharging of;. Mr, Edison's
batteries. The-reply to ‘the inventor's
Inquiry, therefore, will, be favorable:
That Danville. ‘shall figdie, in. the
outing tests. seems & foregone ‘conclu. =|
3ion under the ofrcumstancer,, and;
about all that remains is to watt until:
farther information concerning © the!
eae 1B published.
Borongh | Btrelas,
esterday Tevolved:
frei mis, Ae Baison, whioh stirred,
:
}
‘
5
t
i
—
~
{
[PHOTOCOPY]
” Batson’ “declared , last,
night ‘that he could salve, the “prob!
> of paying “Market street” “int this," “city.
~ With a pavement ¢ of his own invention
agreeable., to both, the. merchants. ‘in
Market street. ‘and to. tha, Board: of
Works, The new pavement ‘is smooth,
but not sMppery, durable under heav-
test use, cheap and noiseless. Se
- The pnyement, in question is trap
: rock mixed with. cement, ‘a solution
which’ can, be spread ovér. the ‘granite’
’ payemeiit now in Market street and,can
[ba guaranteed | ‘for five.years’ at 4 ons.
. “of about 45.cénts a, square eae
: Sates
ne Te
he ated
* Market
ho’ asked .a” “reporter” “from my
“ Atte being informed’ <hat:
‘as’ -undocided,. that’
Edison ‘said.
* “Come on, I will
- He ‘jookk, his‘ visitor to a'remote.
ner~in. the yards of his harge, Gores
| where there was a paved track twenty-
five feet in diameter. -A. motor was in
|; the contre of ‘the track’ operating a,
boam to which a heavy, three. and.ane-
half ton truck was ine
_ Bround the track.
peven ( alfterer it. kinds of pavement,? Paula.
‘and for thé Jest four or.
fiye weeks wa have worked that heavy H
truck around on that pavement, ‘The;
_ experiment is not: finished; but the
; pavement which hag so far-shown sup
the best fs a mixture, of Pleces of trap
‘}orook as large asa pea. mixed with
*eement and a coating of cemont ovor ft.
{It stands. the test well and it
Yess and not slippery." =. >
~. “Would. it cost
‘ ¥'
can lay. ‘it right on top of the pavement
mow. existing.. Come to” my: ‘office and
sve‘ will figure it ‘out. tor “yo
KEPTICAL OF PLAN TO,
SOLVE PAYING QUESTION.
Were! skeptical ¢.:
es', today when It..was Announced,
nid Ive the Market:
bat is” trap ‘rock mixed ‘iwithz¢érment.
olution which cian be spread ‘over the
pee pavement: now In Market. street.
wane von t of tho, ‘stage “door
To oe can't, fall in ‘love, See
os
ane én-'
rectiy" irito’the horn,’
jt: Kin
Ha. pounded “the” table. witha. Httte va] movers
Shammer,-and there wasn't tha: “fraction ts ‘bein|
AStad Second ‘between. ‘the. .sight - and}:
iplote. drama~ has ‘already’ bé
nade’ th“ these-pietures; but “only. fe
exper! ental “purposes, - It. win net /be
shown; nothing will, be’ shot until ‘tha!
‘and as the pleces flow: tho crack Te
Wounded. Finally an: automobile horn
yas, sounded; and the“ domonstration | taiin, spictures can carry “a Bronay ay!
“fas at\an end, ,| Produefion ‘out with them,
: be - ‘Phe phonograph from-which the sound] -opngy
: lof: tho voice and that of the: “buatness"| gon eye “This 4s BDI ‘wert
icame. Tom we tho screen. , d.I'm not: going ‘to: put! It.
put it out<the: way-I wa.
‘important enough, “I think,’
io be put'out in just-that Way,'!
‘night's Ener ‘lacked
ut avery. other’ sound
sitrue to. life could
—-
iNTWCASTLE, PAL, NEWS
[SATDRDAY, SEPTEMBER. 3, ‘1910.
HRS. THOS, EDISON
© TS COUNTES
Wito of the “Great Inventor is Visit
: ing Hor’ Mother in
i : Akron,
i 2
* To talk to Mrs« Thomas Edison,
wife of the great inventor, who is vis-
iting hor mother at the family home in
Akron; 0. you would never dream
lahé is & countess. In fact, very’ felw
ineople know this, for the Edisons are
fnot the kind to shout {t from the house~
tops, The king of Italy conferred up-;
on Thomgs d his wife the
‘honorary Ute count, and countess
Swhen they visited in that country.
Not-that Mrs. Edison couldn't {bo
countess as far a8 Jooks go, for she
Ys a beautiful woman, witht-deep ‘sat,
\dark brown eyes that expresy every’
‘shade of thought and feeling, and
‘masses of jet black hair. But her
j@ress: marks her ‘at onco for what
she is, a. refined, well groomed
‘American woman, averse to any
display. _
Her manner is the delight of . her
friends, it is so gracious and sin-
core, Oné nevor meets a sweeter or
more oven tempercd woman.
“ Mrs, Edison has been having .2
good ‘old-fashioned visit with her
mothor, sisters. and brothers, She
preferred that -to the busy social
round PYSN a :
» Her home Hite in Orange, N. J, : is
fdeal. The large Edison country es-
tate, bounded . by the beautiful
Wiewellyn “park an ad winding
treams,. is always open to the rela-
{ves and friends of the Edison fam-
iy; rarely do thoy pass a © summer
alone. Mrs. Edison hos three child-
yen, ‘Madeleine, & student at Bryn
Mawr, and two sons, Chas. . and
Wheadore. On the whole, life at’ the
Edison’ home ig quiet and comfort-
able; but when © Mrs. Edison does
entertain, as‘.sho often does for for-
feign iand national ' celebrities, she
Woes, it "in grand style, -yot withal,
unostentatiously.
——
T (2886),
mapas, BRDSENDER 9, ioto,
IGE-PLANT IN EVERY FLAT
LATEST EDISON PLAN FOR THOSE
WHO LIVE IN CITY.
oe
"righting Current to Run the Ma-
chines, and Frozen Water Will
Hereafter Be Measured by-Meter—
Apparatus Nearly Perfected — To
ae Monopoly’s Plants’ Active,
he ‘
“Another n invention may soon tako
Mts: place in-t Rae: York houschold. 1t 1s
tha electric ice-hox. When next the first
touch“ ‘of warm weather comes to town, fat-
dwellers will. no Jonger hear it heralded by
the cheery call of “Want any Ice to-day,
“guy? front the depths of the dumbwalter
soalt.; They will merely’ prose the. -button
ana tirn on the refrigerator.
“This was the prediction made by Thomas
E Murray, genera! , manager of the New
York’ ‘Edison Company, in an address be-
fore the Association of Edison Mlyninating
‘Conipanies,-now fri convention In the Thou-
sund Islands; Mr, Murray; wlio js presi-
dent of the association, said that Now York's
vast aystem of electric Ughtihg stattons
might:soon be devoted to the manufacture of
feu during the season when the city nceded
‘fee more than electric light.
. At “the company’s “headquarters it “was
learned this afternoon: that the tden had
been under consideration for some time,
and that in all Ilketihood it would have a
‘trial béforg long, It would go far, It was
predicted solve tho Ice question which
has harassed ‘moro than one hoitackeepor
since the-fnvention of ‘the old-fashlonied ice-
box.
Tho theory, from the electrician’ ‘8 “point of
view, Is this: New York uses all the elec-
Uicity ithat the great powsrhouses., can pro-
Vide'lit winter. It uses ‘about one-third that:
amount in mid-summer. Conversely, it uses
‘all the ico obtainable in summer, but elite
in winter, we
Those‘ who furnish olectricity for DMstiting
have put two and two together, And they’
‘Nave conié"to the conclusion’ that‘tho clec-"
trlelty which 4s not wanted for light -in
Summer ought to be’ kept busy matting ice,
‘The thtng:can ‘be done, and will be dune, In
time, according fo°Mr. Murray.:
ICE. MAKING ON LARGE SCALE.
“U"In thé’ elty of New York-and vicinity,"
sai Mr Murray, “the consumption of Ico
approximates 5,000, 000 tons a year, of
avhtch, , Probably, 3,000,000 tons are natural
fe ad:. the remaining. 2,000,000. ortifictal
Ace. ...Tha maximum demand: for Ico ts° In
‘the -month: of-July;° witha dally ‘consump-
stlon of nearly® "$0,000 tons; the:minimun in
{Déveribor “Jani i daily” “eons
sumption of about 6,000 tons, Tho: condl-
tlons: which determine the best location ‘for
an ice-making plant aro-not dissimilar trom
_dhose, that recolve conalderation in dotor-
julnthg upon. -a sito for-a-cscntral--atation,
“The; -power required for the operation of
“the :Plant. and the handling of the Ico on
\@ large’ serio’ ta from 50-65 kilowatt hours
per ton,of ice, _
“Jo supply New York and vicinity with
all the [co it consumes would requira av
energy consumption amounting to something
Ike: 250,000,000" “Kllowate hours per year, The
station ‘capacity required would be about
60,000 kflowatts, -or.;a: demand, during the
months of heavy lighting and power load
of;sbout. 8,600 kilowatts, This’ could be ‘re:
duced to zero during the lighting peak. o:
two or’ three hours !n the winter months
by tho proviston of x small brine storage
Gapacity.
“The power nvebasary to operate the: ice
plant could bo obtained with a very smal.
extra central station investment, and al
a very low production cost, The total ice?
consumptign in the United States is now
sppresimaloty 35,000,000 tong a year, Statis:
tlea “of Cincinnati show that of' the total
Jeg.consumption in 1889, the percentage of
natural Ico was 76, while In‘1905 only 10
pe: cent. was natural icc and 90 per cont.
artificial,
“fee-making on a large scale by centrat
stations satisfics a number of conditions
required of an allled industry that might
be developed to absorb the oxtra output
which the statton could Produce without
additional investment." oe
“Those who favof the new scheme - “tos
elare that St ‘Will mean a considerable re-
duction in the year's jco bills. The electric
Tefrigerator will furnish leo—or cold stor-
age, which amounts to the same thing-
‘mere ‘economically than tho fcc man. How
mugh cheaper it will be, they. aro unable
to Ba Tho chief Interest, of course, is
in’ the-increase of income to “the monopoly.
and, the saving of expense of maintaining
a'‘score of idle power pinnte during tho
summer ‘months. ? ._™
fo DIG STATIONS OFTEN IDLE.
wv jetted with forty or
fing stations, In ad-
Aitton® ‘to ‘the great.central | generating plant
rateratds Thirty-ninth. Street, and’ the,
iver.-,They are all working to’ thelr,
full’ capacity in December, when the days
aro short and thé consuniption of artificial,
Nght: is at -its height. -Gradually, as the.
days begin to lengthen, people begin to|
ag ‘without manufactyred light, and ~ tho
company is .ubliged -to. reduce Its, output,
In July the demand 1: at Its lowest. ~ “Prob-
ably twenty “stations could supply all the’
“juice! for lghting Purposes. needed {n-
the clty ” durlog that month. - 80 the 'com-
pany“-has more than a-scoro of potential;
dco plants on its hands In hot weather, é
“+ By combining the ups nd downs of tho
deo business: with the downs-and upp of the
Aight; zyhusluess, those who supply * electricity
‘to the city hope to-create a,constant demand,
for their, commioat
they declare, tte will nican cheaper.ctectricty
all.atong the Ine, At-present the Innocent
consumer must pay in part for the elec-
tricity he docs not use In summer, It Is In-
“cluded In his winter Ight bill,
The method of distributing this new com.
modlt, ectrifed Ice," It might be callea—
whl +be fir ‘slmpler ‘than that employed in
the case of the common or garden variety
upon which the Ice man grows fat and pros-
‘pers, it will bo distributed by wire. The
sohie wire which carries the current to. Nght
thé; Bomo'will also serve to operate the. i
frigerating machine. Ice will not be
ufactured in the stations and carted throust
‘the city, Each home will have !ts own min.
Jature plant. .
NOV FORGETTING THE METER,
At least, that $s the plan of the clty’
future purveyor of - cold storage. Man
apartinent houses_ and hotels to-day hav
thelr own ice plants; run by eleetricity, 5
that\ the new system will be merely a
adaptation of this idea. When the Ice sea-
fon: arrives, the-company will furniah the
fecker after cold storage with an Ico box,
{ce machine, wires, push buttons, and—a
meter. The amount of cold storage used
will bo measured In tho same fashion as
one’s gas, water, and olectric Nght Dilts
are recorded,
There fs a machine, alt but perfected,
which will make tho new venture possible,
Tn. ft tho flat dweller will be able to: get
threo different kradcs of cold. By turelnog
® switch he will get a moderately con! tem-
perature, in his fce box. By turning it still
further the temperature will stand almost
at freezing. A third turd will produce an
Arctic clininte, 1£ desired,
All this, it fs sald, can—bo done with
Ilttle alteration to the present equipment
of tho ‘power stations, The figures, given:
by Mr. Murray wero intended to show that.
in ‘tho slack season for Iight, ‘there wis;
enough gonerating power. in-the vartowi
idlo plants to make Jeo for a Jargy Ro:
of the he city's population, “¢
t
sin vo ATE
; ‘Aatomobi8 :
“Making Endurance Run
FROM NEW YORK TO WHITE MTS-
fae ee ans he Nb
Stop: Overnight jn! Springfield—-Climbs
eru Mountaiii—Remarkable Feat for,
Electric Automobile’: ee tee
Bailey ric Automobile, :
ed with the New Edison battery, |
endurance run from;
je Whiite Mewntains | |
rived: here Wednesday j
fternigon at '0'clock.: “The'ear seemed
in excellent condition ‘hfter-inaking ‘the
hard yrun over - Peru , Mountain, from
‘Matichester, which place they left about
12:90, passing: through~ Peru, North
Derry, Simonaville ‘and Chester.“
“The ‘car is-being driven by. George w.] |
Larigdon, , who: represents: thé Bailey } |
‘Electric Co.; and he is accompanind by] |
:V;-MeGinness, {fom the Edison Lab-
i Nad. who is making |
|
eadinesé to leave: abox io?
Yesterday’s run was,to Newport;-N.H., |.
id; with reasonable slick hoitoet will, |
the Profile House‘at |:
- Subscription Rates—$1.50 per year, payable in|
Published every Friday by
HARRY A. BINGHAM, Publisher =
Heitorial and Business Offices in Savings
Bart Bullding.. Telephone 27-3. ;
——_—_—_
ao advance.
Advertising Reates—Printed Cards on requ cs :
: Be é
” wntered'aa second class mail. matter at”
# : Springfield Post Office. . a
"SPRINGFIELD, SEPTEMBER 23, 1910
——
Rect Bebe -
~ BAILEY ELECTRIC HERE. .
Victorla Phaéton Which: Is ;Making
8 in: Town, |
. Preaeded by a new and handsome
Balley electric and followed by. ane"
other handsomo car of: the. same com:
pany, the Bailey Victoria | phaeton,’
which has ‘been - making .the “Ideal:
Tour,” arrived in this city yesterany,|
battle scarred and travel stained .an.a
result of the rough road ‘it has trav-
elled over on. the course which, when
completed, will.have covered, over 1000:
miles, The ‘car was run over.-tho,
“Ideal Tour’ on the ‘regular gas car.
schedule asa test of the batterles by
the Edlson Company.’ i ‘
Tho. tour.-started ‘fro r1
and will. end'in that-clty,¢ The car,
used -for,, the -test and~ which. was
loaned b; Col Batley, halt alréagy- run’
over 17,000: miles since last. Soptem-
ber, and the fact that it came through
with a clean score and no delays on
account of any structural defect of
the car isin iaelt g splendid. tribute
to. the Balley Electric, It was a tast
yenr's demonstration car and saw. the
roughest kind of usage before bein
gent ‘off upon' this test: which. had
never. before been. made by an electric.’
The driving powor of .the car con-
‘sists of 40 A-6° Edison cells, Excep-
tlonally. rough’ ronds=,were~encoun=
‘tered In the ‘Berkshires: and; in “the
White. mountains, but“ the car” wont
through alright and_took tho hilis.as
ensily os a gas driven automobile. As
.e ttle side run the driver of the.car
rattemptod to-go up Mt; Washington
and -made: seven: miles of. the .olght-
mile‘trip In a §0-mile gale and: rain
storm, The car had no. difficulty {
making the longest. runs: .on, -aing)
charges with: plenty ‘to.spare, and,
spite: of the fact that the roads wore’
‘at. ¢imes ~ extremely” rough-.and -tho
going. hard. ,.On ono 0 6. roads
a lot of
.the, car. was sent through :
‘tar, which covered it and: which ‘had’
Yto,‘be:removed: with oll-and ‘gasoline
fo’ that' thore: was very: little -o:
original varnish leftcon it,.and It
jndeed -a ‘sorry -and «weather -beatén
sight .when.-compared,-with “the net
and spick- and. span.. electric :
acted a58.:convoys -
trip through this olty,
ifthe
twas.
——
ELECTRIC AUTO! “MEN... MEET
FRANK 1, DYER TELLS OF EDI-
>> SON RATTERY!§ SUCOFSS. -.
th the Holp of Motion Plotires
./Achtovenients of tho “Invention
rediste a Great Futuro for it When
apness Is’ Fully Understood,
' 0 ‘peraons. attended the first
annual convention of tho Electria Vehiclo
Association of Amorloa yesterday. Whon
Prosident WVilliam H. Blood, Jr., .of Boa-
ton called the convention to ordor in tho
concert, hall-of Madison Square Garden
ho aw -before him ‘roprosentatives of
most of the important electrical appliance
manufacturing ‘conoorns in the country.
Tho: programmo Included addresses in
the ‘morning; . followed by: an informal
lunchoon,. The . afternoan-was apent In
an'inspeotion of the electrical show. now
on exhibition at tho Garden, a
A feature of the convention was on ad-
dross by Frank L. Dyer, vice-president
and goneral counsel of tho Edison 8torago
Battery’ Company. of Orange.. His eub-
Joot- was: “Recent Electric Automobile
Performances With the Edison Battery.”
Other pheakors wore W. P. Kennedy, L, A.
fon, 8. 0. Harris, Day Baker, F. M.
J.T. Hutchings, G:M. Graham, Dun-
Curry and Charles L.Eldiitz, . - .
Mr. Dyer’s ‘address dealt with the Edi:
son storage battery. For the electrically
driven .veblole which to-day -finds {itself
ecoupying two small fields of useful-
‘| Ness, first as a commercial truck and sec-
{}ond as a town car suitable for women
and {nvailds to drive, but in the eyes of
‘| the: publio of strictly ‘Ilmited utility, Mr.
Dyor forecasted groat things. - When the
Present, craze for undue and dangerous
speeds comes to hn end and when Ameri-
can business men‘ have the moral cour
:{ 8ge@ to really, find out what a large gas
oar costs. them to-run tho electric auto-
mabile will come into its own. {
“To’ convince himself that the electric
{ean be effectively used asa family car
Mr. Edleon planned and carried inte exe-
oution a series of one day trips covering
the country around New York,
.. Mr, Dyer.went on to tell how the ordi-
;Jnary automobile roads in tho suburban
towns..of New. Jersey, Long’ Island and
Staten Island were ‘chosen, Each trip
was from‘ ol, hty-five to a hundred’ miles
on a single Bat charge, and in every
case it was stipulated that the vehiole
aftor the roturn should be run to a stand-
still entirely to exhaust the hattory and
determina tho excess mileage atill retained
in:the.car., ‘These day toura were open, to
oA a Bi
iP Average speod of 12.07 miles an. hour,
This, was a fair average, :the spoaker
Bald, considering tho Burnerous stretches
of froshly: tarrod roads that. wero’, on-
countered and the fact that on_ tho north-,
orn portion of -the run ‘toward Ita end
the grades.woro quite stl} ‘ofton as high
as 9 por cont, Excoss mi leage boing run
off in New York ho said “ahowed a.safoty
‘purplus, of ol toon jnlles, making ‘a
: 12. milos for, Hy On: a aingle.
chargo,© "0? ARS a f ae ia
~.. The soontd run, tho,map of which was
«shown-on tho sorcan, was mado..with the
‘Balloy car, atarting from Fortfoth stroot
i Twonty-thind straot: ferry, thence
to. Joraey Clty. -From there the car
:Proceoded across the meadows, the road
at that timo: being undor construction
and in bad condition, ‘through Nowark
to Montolair, up tho Valloy road to Groat.
Notch, ovor Romo gxcoodingly stiff grades
to Little Falla, along the Pompton turn-
Riko to Mountain Viow and . Pompton:
:Tho total mileage was seventy-six milos
and the time, ornitting stops, was 5 hours
and 6 minutos, glving an avorage spood
:0f 18.19 milos: per hours Excess miloago
‘boing run aff in’ Now “York showod “a
‘surplus of: forty miles, making-a total
for the day of 116 miles onn singlo charge.
Roferonce ‘wae mado to. othor ” tests
eee
of the storago. battory. ‘The Bailey. car
seconded tho.Fort’ -Goorgo Hil] ’ twonty-
inroads along Lon Island Sound,
tha ; Housatonia Valioy into. thee Bore.
shirog, into Vermont, to tho_Connootiout :
‘Valloy,. into: Now Hain; hire, a
‘Sunapoo, thén to the ino conat dae
tirqugh Boston-and:return: to New York.
any nufactiirer who-was' in a posits
to use tho Edison battery.. The §, i
Batloy Company of Amesbury, Maes.; the
‘| Andors ‘Arriaga Company of Detroit;
y Alich.:: the Baker Company ‘of Cleveland
andthe Babcock. Company of Buffalo
:| each ontored.a, car... : :
:] "Each. car.carrlod, two passengers,”
‘| Mr.: Dyer explained, “a driver furnlshed
i} by. tho. manufacturer. and an obsorver,
‘Jone: of the. Edison jaboratory assistants,
-whoge- duty Jt waa to note and record
road conditions, grades’ and readings of
the “odomoter, ,volt meter ond amporo
motor. ‘Tho cars were wolghed with their
loads, ‘showlng 2,357 pounds for tho Bailey
and -2,448:.pounds’.for the Detrolt.. Tho
Baker .and:: Babcock cars were entered
80 ‘recently ‘that tost ‘runs-have not .as
yet beon made with.them, but both-of
their .manufacturora have made numor-
ous ring that’ havo .been highly ‘satis-
‘{ factory. Strict.caro-was talon that the
‘} pressure in tires should remain constant
50;a8 to obtain true odometer readings,
‘and all tiro troubles were carefuily noted.”
..<Viowa' were thon thrown on tho screen
showing. the ‘routes ‘followed. The De-
troitcoar‘started from Now York at 7:28
AUB, -Pggogededd. to South Ferry, to St.
George, “Staten: Island, ‘thence by, way
of:the Richmond purapitce and Old Stone
road :through:.Tottonville, baok over the
mboy:-road ‘through Richmond ‘to: the
Ellzabethport , forry.* From. -Elizabeth-
port ‘the route.continued through Eliza-
th, thonee by’ way of Morris avenue
nion,: thence “by. Irvington. avenue
to. Orange,’ thonco: through “Bloomfield |-
to: Hackensack, from.there to Fort -Loe
‘and ‘Underollff, ‘across the forry at 180th
street, down Rivoraide Drive to the atart- “
Hpgy point ‘which ”.was'-roached ..at_ 5:02| °
POM. ‘Taking out the time for lunch and |
delays ‘at:tho ‘three fervieo the: running a
yest
time: was 6 ‘hours :and:68 minutes,
ling Ightyefour, milos,
a
‘windows, : : ‘
Te
YP e ¢
\Qlo Phos. ~ Neneral
MUSIC TRADE RE
E
oa
Natloffft™Pttonograph Co." Co.’s Exclusive Display
of Phonographs and Accessorles at the Bos-
don Mechanics’ Exposition—A Splendid and
Tatdresting © ‘Showing Attracts Attention,
DISON PRODUCTS EXHIBITED..
agar: ee Special to The Review.)
shut oe" "Boston, Mags. Oct. 5; 1910,
The exhibit of the National “Phonograph Co,
Orange, N. J.,.at the Boston Mechanics’ Exposi-
tion My. Which opened on Monday morning and will
6 qafinitic up,to and’ ‘including October 29, is the
Rey attractive shared of Edison pinta’ prod-
i
lets that, }
gute ‘
45 -feet—being, entirely enclosed’ anid “making it'a
soundproof auditorium. *
It has been handsomely decorated and. lighted v tions... The.
with art clectroliers, with a dome ior- ventilation ° enti
purposes and in which are. concealed’ lights. it
the front of the display are ‘four.’ *Freneh’” pate
glass. windows, 8x4 fect, made:to tepresent show.
The booth .contains seats witli a capacity. of. 300,
the ‘idea being that moving one shows are: ‘given
arg! displayed all
THE EDISON EXIUHIT,, AT THE MECHANICS : Exrositiox, Toston,
walls are hung with paintings, a part’ of an‘art col-
lection loaned to the company for that purpose,
On each side of the stage are rooms which are
occupied by the Boston jobbers for exhibition pur-
poses, who! have salesmen there at all times to
take eqre of the trade who visit the exhibit. Im-
mediately in front of the stag¢!on the main floor
is a display of Edison business phonographs and
Bates numbering machines, in addition to the
Edison storage battery, Edison primary cells and
the Edison projecting Rinctograph, with factory
Tepresentatives in charge of cach exhibit.
“The first day Of the exhibit a canserVative csti-
mate was that 2,500 peopte were in ‘ihe booth, and
taking this as the number the company will have
* eacli day, they’ will show’ approximately 60,000
People* their’ goods" utider the best. possible condi-
eapany have sent invitations. to:the
asa whole” itis the® largest éxhibit ‘Of ta
_ chines. that! has’ ever. been. made_in- Bosto'
ca K.:Dolbeer, sales manager ,of+ ‘the,
Phonograph Co, who has been here.
——
st
‘Mert iG plane,
Bie ie tghtor “than th
Ears anata
se Laas ; reatest‘ad'
A india eyo) yeitindependently of
an toruge..batt ery:
Piched | ocak hgelne
¥,:OOTOBBR}7):191
ODT. SSCS DTV Ty
4 ; TUAGHLESS TROLLEY
a
NEW EST: EDIS
earn!
“Mter Trial elp—Car ‘Is. “Expoetea
to Hovotutiontee ri t
Citlzons ‘ot: the Oral
elatr * Wer given ‘an
of whit ‘fone de
Hons, fo tr travel, Along, ‘tio tine o!
car, “service” ‘waa like whi
nota greet, gar FAgo
tare
ednesday.
te:
ee " Beatty Aterage’ :
The,one thing: theta Attracted go" much
attention 6f the pili ; :
terested?! in’ tie ‘scheme, as, tho Nelng
of the new: ‘storage hi es réetitly
Invented: hy’ Thomas“A: Edison, which
‘ire now Helng sermnteti strat! rall-
way. cata InTinny Mrge“eltles! ¢'" f
Tho yomonatration': was. given ‘at
the: instance: of iMr.: Edison and: Cor-
wullus “J, Fetd, of. Brooklyn,’ the. {n=
ventor of the new car, and wis ‘at~
tanded by many. men connected., with
street car traffic, Among those. who
wero ‘present were Ralph Beach,
president, of the’ Federal Stornga Bat-
tery’ Company’ of New York? ‘T.B,
Armour,’ of ‘the’ Westinghouse | ace
tric Company; H. B, Thorney and W.
B. Robbins, of the- Robbins Conveying
Belt Company. of .New, -York; B. P,
Kent, president ‘ of * the Merchants’
National Bank : of.-Passaio,‘ and C.'R.
Field, :father' ofthe inventor,:: 12!" 1:7
'-Owing ‘to‘a mistiap:to‘an.: ‘experl-
ment lie was’ completing :In-his Inbora-
tory. Mr. Edison. was obliged to: aban-
do«nthe ‘trip: to Montclatr. :.He> dtd;
however,: ‘ride‘ from his storage bat-
tery--plant.ito his’ office,’ andy when ‘he
allghted ‘from: the car. expressed: him-
self ad boing greatly pleased with the
new invention, - “I. am confident: of
the . success: of the new street ear,"
shld“ Mr, Edison;:“and expect to see it
ineuge: in-all. the larger. cities!in.a
very: short times) oir ad redtr om
ca The: sneW car. resembles: ‘closely the
eyo BUlectete: atréet“dar: now muse:
The -exact*" elight: of the car. “has ‘not
been?! given. The - ‘storage . battertes;
howevor, welgh 1,800 :pounds.- ‘The di-
mensions of tho car. are:;' Lenght.over
all,: 22 -feet; "width, .:7 .feet. : cTt is
equipped with- seventy-two .A-8:.typo
Edison: storage. batteries: and *two .7+
horsepower: electric. motors: capable: of
twenty-five -horsepower:: The radiug
of operation: {s. one-half. day's :Bervice,
fitty to seventy-fivavmiles,.. .: The: cost
of: electricity for..batteries is 1%c‘per
mile, iand-the seating capacity. aes
nine ‘passengers;: i
-DAfter: looking ‘the: car over Mr. Edie
son suggested, that the new. car :would
look: better: with: rounded enda;.and
roofl: instead of:the ‘flat ends,-as thig
one: has, : “This,” he said, “svould: give
it more:of'a street car’ appearance.)
“The: car: will be: driven’: to: Atlantic
Cityi. ‘elthert to-day ,or, to-morrow :for:a
domonstration..at the reonvention sot
the: ‘atroat.carstraftic men ,nextaweek,
‘The: car has; -aneed off fifteen. miles
an‘houts butican be regulated to, the
convenience of; a faster schedule . it
So-desired.
TOHOES, N. Y., REPUBLICAN
THURSDAY, NOVENDWR 47, 1910,
Storage” Battery Eleptrl
oa rest Proves’ Success ful.
usportat yor
‘and, Delaware,-Lack 1
Western ronds;-in! Ne
ked when: Thomas 4
—
> Cee touveresu
=
| Miia : : j : 4
{HE GLOBE AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER, NEW YORK, THURSDAY
TROLLEVLESS | [PROWAS & EDSON AND Ru Geach wire |
‘CAR, EDISON'S 3 :
~NEW WONDER
Equipped With His New Bat-
teries, Cars Are to Be Run-
ning Soon in West Street
and on‘ Other Lines Here,
WHOLE WORLD WATCHES
REVOLUTION IN TRANSIT.
iCars Are Lighter Than Present
Style, It Costs Much Less 13
Keep Line in Repair, and
Other Advantages Are Great
The Central Park, North aud: East
River Railroad Company, the ‘Belt
Line,” as it is generally known—hns de-
cided to replace the horse cars on Its
West street line with Beach battery cars,
which are equipped with the Edison
storage electric batteries,
'This {6 one of the most important;
events in recent years in rapid transit.’
It means that the self-propelling electric
car/is no longer an experiment, but a
business success, now recognized as the
next step in the transit development of |
this city.
‘There are one hundred miles of horse
car lines on Manhattan Island, Within
uw yenr, it is expected, the Beach battery
car will have replaced the horse car on
every one of these lines, and ultimately it
will take the place of the electric car
with underground conduit. Street rail-
way companies in the suburbs and “in
foreign countries are also takivg up the
new car,
‘The South Shore ‘Traction Company,
which runs its cars across Williamsburg
Bridge und ‘out to Babylon, (Ll. 1.,\ ex-
pects) within®a week to Install a two-|
truck storage battery car, the first ever)
constructed, now being completed at the}
Edison works at Orange, No. In Wash-}
ington, D. G., the self-propelling car will,
soon replace the overhead trolley on the
| Washington, Spa Springs and) Greta
Railroad.» Vhe trolley poles are now be-
ing pulled down in preparation for the
change. 7
In'New Zealand it looks as if the Beach
car will’ soon” take the place of the}
trolley clectric car, ‘The cities of that)
country ure holding ‘up) all. transit de-
velopment ‘until “the government | com-
mission, which is now on its way to
this country, makes its report. And com:
mittees! from other countries, notably
France, Germany, and Japan, are also
making pilgrimages'to study the new car.
The car's chief) advantage lics in the
cheapness swith which its) tracks: can (be
builtvand jkept in repair. he! ordinary:
underground ‘electric line cannot be built
for less than $130,000 0 mile of street; be-
cause of the excavation necessary for the
conduit, ‘he Beach ‘car line, which is
entirely: ae Nike’ na horsescar 7
OS
line,’costsoly:$80,000 aimile: ‘Then the
ninititennned’ of the Bench line costs cor-
‘lxespondingly less. The constant passing
of heayy trucks over the car lines) break
down the conduits, which have to be‘re-
paired at a cost in’ this*city. of $15.009
a’ mile for a year. A mile of track that
is mot tunneiled’ for. a conduit can bel] +
kept!in perfect repair for $1,000 a year. a
——
THE CAR'S ADVANTAGES,
ley propelling car have been recognized ever %
since the cable was replaced by the clec-|| }
ex ‘ 2 es n
ina {ttle current in the more inportant New t
vi] York strect-car lines, -Conduitless Unes
ma [have been . absolutely necessary at some ¢c
ver-| volnts near the: Enst and North rivers,
Where the tlde occasionally rixes so high
that the water floods the trucks and €
Would cise a short-efreult If it poured
made to equlp cars with motors,
“Junsuecessful,, The cars. were heavy and
certaln. “Some types of motors would
losses,
Then came the Edison stormge battery,
solid yonrs ‘of the hardest kind of hard
vention, Often he would work all night in
his Iaboratory, and only take a cat's nap
to ninke up for the lost sleen, Rut he
doesn’t regret the work or the tha It
took, or even the 9, wasted exneri-
ments, Work ix Mr, sdixon's chief form
of recreation, -And “he now knows 9,000
things not to do,” he saya, ‘
He also knows how to make out of
nickel and steel an electric battery that
ly much -lghter than. the old lend ator.
ugo battery Invented iby: Plunté, and {n-
finitely moro durable.” ‘The old battery
Wears ont after three months, ‘The new
one will last as long as 2 house,
THE HANDY BATTERY, :
Since {ts perfection this battery has
been used ‘for every conceivable purpose,
from helping butchers chop ment to help-
ing brokers announce, stock quotations,
‘Hs use in connection with Automobiles
has been particulary successful, the
motors being composed of only two mov.
ing natty, which are durable and very
simply put together, never &et out of
order; whereas the ‘gasoline engine his
418 weparnte parts, and the frequeney
[with Which one or another of these arta
kets out of order furnishes 2 good living
to hundreds of mechanies, The electric
battery, mioreover, Is run by conl, which
is only a sixth as expensive as gasoline,
and ft can propel a machine more than
200 miles without being recharged. ,
Lucouraged by the snecess of the elec-
trie automobiles, Mr, Edison ‘eame to the
conshision thut bly battery could solve
the problem of tho self-propelling ene,
Three years ago he commissioued R. FY,
Beach, one of the ablest of his nasistanta,
formerly of the General Electric Com:
pany, to try the experiment, “After put-
tering around nt the company's works for |-
two years, and sending tons of iron tu
the scrap heap, Mr, Beach evolved “cnr
No. 1." his car has been ranning sue.
cessfully on the Dwenty-elehth and
‘Twenty-ninth street line ever since thy
second of Inst March. It has‘ heen go
Aucceasful that the Edison company fy
now bullding a factory at Spring Lake,
N. J.. a factory for the Mannfacture of
similar cars with certain notable inprove-
ments, a
The sceret of the car's success ‘Hes in
the fact that it is from a half to two-
thirds. lighter in welght than the ordt-
nary.car, Tho ordinary two-truck car
welghs about 35,000 ounds. The Beach
car. welghs only 15,000 pounds, © The
ordinary single-truck ‘car weighs 22,000,
The Beach car weighs only 7,000. ‘This
if
differcnee In welght results in a Freat!
isuving of energy, It was formerly con.
‘ Z .
But, .untit recently, these efforts were
the motors used ‘were too weak and un-
break,» Others would give out. Others
would Involye the gompanies, in heavy
Tt didn’t come ail at once, but ‘after five
work by homag A, Edison, TIe spent
: /$2,500,000, mude 9,000 different experi-
ments, and “sweat blood and ink,” ng his
assistants say, before he perfected his ine
on the lounge in his atudy next morning
_ The advantages of 1 conduitlesa, self-
Into a conduit. And the overhead trolley
is forbidden by Inw in this -clty, Alt
sorts. of experiments have therefore been
mh
33
Am bet . Ao
a
reo
Pa
oo
|
I at Am
—.
sidered Impossible to Tun a car with les:
power often 2. kilowatt jours nee car
. iis car goes a mi a
of a kilowatt hour, Sve ene tind
“T knew that street cars could be made
lighter somehow,” says Mr. Edison, “It
seemed queer that When a 150 pound
| buggy could be made to carry 2-150
Pound man, it should ‘take 1,000 pounds
of street car to carry a single passenger,
each ins got the car down to: 200
Pounds a passenger,”
. REDUCTION IN Ww: RIGHT,
{The reduction in’ weight has heen mrde
by substituting wheels of manganese stec}
for iron ones, by replacing solld steel
Posts with lattice girders, using electric
Rpot welding and acetylene welding proc.
exses Instend of rivets, and nutking re-
ductiong In the weight of Practically |
suery other part of the ear. yen the}
window panes have been cut down 60!
Pounds, : = ;
“Ag a result,” sald Mr, Beach this
morning, “our car cau do the impossible, «
Up to this time it'has been considered
impovsible to run a street car on its own
electric power more than thirty-five miles
without recharging - the battery—a long,
and costly process, Aud engineers hnve!
written tis letters ‘proving conclusively’
that It can't he done. Yet our car,. be.
caure of its light Weight, can go 100 miley
without recharging,
“Tee like that Englishman who proved
that: Erlesson's screw propeller wouldn't
work, He not only proved it, but set u
copy of his proof over to this country,
Tt arrived on one of the first ships pro-
pelled by the Ericsson acrew,.””
he feature. of which Mr. Edison is
pmost proud ia the divided axles, which
ge ltihad
ee
allow the wheels ‘sipnarate action. The
oue-plece axle which is used on: all
the New York street cars fs. the
ehief. cause of fat wheels. Where
the track curves one whee) has a greater
‘distance to.travel than the other, but as
the wheels have o common azxle,- and
must therefore make the same. number
of revolutions, the outer one {a dragged
along the track. . This friction wears out
the wheels and consumes a great deal of
,energy, :
' DOES AWAY WITH NOISE. |
__ “Ita no wonder. the people of “New
York’ get nervous prostration,” says Mr.
Edison, “iwith all, that screeching of car
wheels at the curycs and bumping of flat
wheels at-overy ‘revolution. Our car ts
doing awny | all that: With, the
wheels. roling independently, there js
no mord {rlevion sthan ‘in the- case of an
iobite, - a : .
aan doin away with friction also
saves considerable motor powers ‘Chia
saving ‘may seem like a little thing, ut
little things ‘mount’ up. Che ‘entire: dif-
ference hetween ‘our ‘Garand the ‘one jn
present use contls{s entirely in what ‘you
might coustder details, - Yet the sum total
of ull these aotnils means the difference
between".a recelvership “and Prosperity
t street ent. company. 5 ‘ ft
ostrake the Third: Avenue Railway,
which: Fredurick W. Whitridge {@ now
trying’ to set on‘ita feet. -In order {o
Set permission io reorganize it he. must
show the'Puhtic Service Commission that
there Is reasonable hope of a profit. But
Ahere is.no‘caitbly chance o! making a
profit in'New York City to-day ont of al.
street. railway with an underground con-
duit. “Kor a ‘few sears the conduit xtuys
‘In. good condition, and the qosaelders
in the rond get good dividends. Then the
heavy teaming an trucking /acrous and |
nlong the tracks beging to preak down
ithe conduit tube and narrow. the car
-slot. The vost of -kecping the road in
repair ents ap all the profits, ‘That's -
‘What's the matter with the Uhird Ave- |.
/Due_to-das. é ; :
'. “The installation of our self-propelling
,ear would do away with-alt that. It
i would elitninate the expense of maintain:
Ing a conduit, It would require a power
:honse only one-third 48 Inrge as the
; Presont one, the cost of building the cars
/ Would be-a little ‘less, and. of operating
‘them a grent deal less than at present.
‘This would result in a profit for the
road and better accommodations for the
volling public,
Tine ake our car will replace all
- other kinds, But it will take time, ‘Most
people are fools. or, ns they would put It,
conservative.: They think that because n
thing is unprecedented it in impossible,
They think that because a_thing Is new
iit Is sure to be foolish, Unleas a me-
‘ehanteal device can show a long and
respectable fumily tlstory most people
are afrald: to touch it, no matter, how
efficient it Is. It takes time fo nnake
people sce what's good for them,
{each ‘revolves "independently. The tena:
iwheels: of ; cach truck: are much’ smatier’
:than the. driva wheels. Each. truck -Is
Y w
\Flo p
artis new railroad storage battery Sar is
“much heavier than tho original passenger,
«Vehicle, and; welghs nearly nine tong; The,
TRUCK WN HILMINGTON TODAY ERIE ADOPTS ~~ Te tie et
fs : 7 24 : : nite 8 ‘
\ Mr, Thresher has invented an improved
ane entilator, which was used for tha firat:
‘timo on ‘the new car, This ventilator has,
thew? y double alr. tubes, one to allow the! pure:
ee. whe co |
alr to enter the car and the other to carry:
[oraan Be : ;away smoke or Impure air. Tho ventlla-
BESS Pe . : thet Reath Joeated a the felling, and’ no,
Sterage Battery z Vehicle of. faa r how strong the air currents may
5 7 7 : tho passengers Will not bo annoyed. by |
dam, tho oldest active olectric truck, . aN Ge : i .@rafts, “It carried off tho cigar smoke. tn!
in -Wilmington ‘today, -having “New Type to Be Used Be-:: “great shape m ein
‘e t Koromz: j !
‘tBelongs to the Adams Expréss
"Co, and is Used in =
Washington.”
arri is 4
; hington Isst: Monday. ‘The Interior of the car resembles some.‘
started from: Was ah ngton lake run foe! ! Tint, the, vehicles Used In the, Hudson
q < eanel. , Steet bars. placed within eas
the ‘National Cantal to.the big sane the atray emusensers takco ne mae ot.
t vin Now ne . each platform
*": Adam arrived in Baltimore yesterday, ‘there is tho latest tmpraved tyne Of vest.
but, ere ‘only long enough to ‘bulo doors, and the car {a equipped at
Sinemelgme mae
jesse po iy ofthe ids Expren ‘Car, of Steel and Wood with Doubte; a eed one suginege Bad to bo taken:
car. (8 gton i : net t y . long. © services of these ‘two
Cow's Sd pe > aick nd ithe Bre (Truck, Eneh Equtpped with Fives: paitrond men were indisponsablo was do-
i rae hd a a 1, Horsepower Motors, Maken Run from: -montsarted before a mile wag traveled, as”
o ., . ‘all gor: of-aignols had: to be used: to
t — é § ad: £0 |
Went Orange $e Vorent “Iii idea; ‘ecyro’“wiy" forthe ‘now rival of ‘the
i Like ® Pullman—Device that Carries : a =
Porgy
rit
Ken ‘v6 +O. Gemon locomot{ve, a
Pe tages iri bck pen af ‘ Of Smoke—Lackawanun In Alno Ine: jain, the, Watchung: branch {3 only. “at,
: sBY 2608 a dd. ¥ - =, oF a
New Jersoy. ‘The yun sh ow oils ea i}
charge of O.: Li Morgan, ’. general! nes —— "ai
manag er of the Laneden A en ra Equipped with 180 Eason storago batter. ‘Trewght trains cleared the main
wads jan to the fharging Rp anto tesa car of an Gntlrely new tyne for; track, {Becauag of the heavy frelgnt moc
West Fifth street of the. gion} railroad passenger service. mide ite initiqit {flo no attompt was made in the after.
nm Co, fodey an 4 tun‘lover the Wateliung branch of the, noon to test the speed of tha car, “
oon as additional current could be take : {Another trip was mado between 8 an
Be ¥ . Erle’ Ratirond, which Passes through the 7 Bal
on, tho journey to New York ‘waa nm 4 ; § o'clock Iast night, on which Mr, Edison:
aa ed; laliadel ps being th bjecti Dranges, Inte yesterday. nfternoon. Ralph ‘entertained T, B, Foroy, telegraph aupor-
point, cphla being the odjectty %.'Bonch, who is associated with Mr. ‘intendent of the Lackawanna, Rallroad,
point, Wipe ice o Sdison in the storage battery -enterpriae, jand E. M, Rine, superintendent of. tha
+ Mavagor Morgan «called attention: t nd who designed the car, was in charge! Morris and Essex division, It was the
the storage battery in the wagon as one f the first run, which demonstrated that, ifirat time that Mfr, Edison had’ been on’
the first patterna Invented by. Thomas / Teieteea8s battery can take the placeiof’ ithev cin since it lett tho test tracks: at
} B ow that it. was pi lejstoam locomotive, | nd ithe storage battery works in West Om
er. Mr, Morgan said Ada LWith Mr. Beach on the frat trip ‘were: ‘ange. As on occasions in the past, at the:
kin;
year i pivision Superintendent R. 8, Parsons and: Anitial public demonstrations of . his:
Be total of 30,14 foveral other officials of the Erie Raile; ;Bchievements, the great Inventor failed
eater O86, 14 foad, All were deeply intorosted in the. 'to evince any grent enthusiasm. His typl-
ae Brat. run, da it 19 proposed to uso the, (¢0,°vince an confidence was the only tnul—
vehicle for’ midday traffic on tho Watche; cation that ho appreciated the fact that
ung or-Orango branch, Long train will’ jhis storage battery can now bo waed fer
still'bo nocessary to’ accommodate the ‘thé propolling force in the Operation of
commutors during the morning and even=; railroad trains, _ .
ihg,'jtut the passenger department feels} Less ‘thon hatf‘an hour was taken up
confident ‘that the new Edison. car win; in making the journoy trom West Orange
‘provide ample servica between Tush; to!Forest Hill and return. On this, run
‘hours. Tho car: wil! bo placed in actual, jt'j was. demonstrated that the spocd of
service on the road .as soon as a heat; the new car !s ample for all ordinary;pas.
ing:system is installed. . ~ ‘<1 Senger. service. As the Zackawanna\ olll-
<In almost avery detail the car is entire-; ¢lals have bacome -intérested,. ‘arrange.
ly, different from the first storage battery: 5 “
car mado by Mr. Edison ror street railway.
servico last 7 vehicle has
two trucks instead of ono,.and' tn its con-
{struction has many improvomenta not? as’
iyet-used “in. passonger cars... The new
jtrucks,~ whlch wero designed by Alfred
‘A.:. Thresher, -have-roller-béaring wheels;
[whlohinot only make it ‘Dosaibig.to obtain
a ‘greater: speed with leas:curren :butiolso
Iincrgase:'the comfort
These soll
red that. the:new; car’ was
asy -88°G-Pullman ,conch..3).."";
¢ Unilke the Ordinary: railroad ‘truck the
wheels are. not: welded; on tthe :axles, but;
[PHOTOCOPY]
[From Current Literature, vol. 49 (November 1910)]
ARE WE IN DANGER
HE statement is often heard that the
wave of materialism which swept
over the world during the second
half of the nineteenth century has
now spent itself. The facts, however, do not
seem to support this conclusion. Haeckel’s
vogue in Germany, the anti-clerical move-
ments of France, Spain and Italy, the avowed
unbelicf of “intellectuals” in many coun-
tries, make it clear that what is varyingly
called “materialism,” “rationalism” and “free
thought” is on the increase. Only lately, Mr.
‘Howells’s intimate reminiscences of Mark
Twain have brought out the fact that the
creator of “Tom Sawyer” and “Huckleberry
Finn,” old-fashioned as he was in some of
his habits of thought and writing, was, in the
religious ‘domain, a pronounced agnostic.
John Burroughs, another of our most gifted
writers, leans strongly in the direction of
materialism. And Thomas A. Edison, the in-
ventor, is equally heretical.
It is absurd, Mr. Edison told Edward Mar-
shall’ in a recent sensational interview pub-
lished in the New York Times, to talk of the
' “mercy, kindness ar love” of God. “Perhaps,”
he remarked, “matter is getting to be more
Progressive, That may be it. But—God—
the Almighty? No!” Then he said: “Nature
is what we know. We do not know the gods
of the religions. And nature is not kind,
or merciful, or loving. If God made me—the
fabled God of the three qualities of which I
spoke: mercy, kindness, love—He also made
the fish I catch and eat. And where do His
mercy, kindness, and love for that fish come
in? No; nature made us—nature did it all—
not the gods of the religions. And nature did
it mercilessly;.she had no thought for mercy
or against it.. She did it impersonally, what
we call cruelly.”
When questioned by Mr. Marshall as to his
’ belief in immortality, Edison replied: “Heav-
ety cee meee oe ce ctceee Ss erececeeee
FROM MATERIALISM ?
en? Shall I, if I am good and earn reward
go to heaven when I die? No—no. I am ng
I—I am not an individual—I am an aggreg:
of cells, as, for instance, New York City
an aggregate of individuals. Will New Yor
City go to heaven?” He went on slowly: «9
do not think that we are individuals. The jj
lustration I have used is good. We are nog
individuals any more than a great city is
individual. If you cut your finger and
bleeds, you lose cells. They are the indiv;
uals, You don’t know them—you don’t know iia
your cells any more than New York City
knows its five millions of inhabitants. Y,
don’t know who they are. No, all this tang
of an existence for us, as individuals, beyo:
the grave is wrong. It is born of our tenaci
of life—our desire to go on living—our dread
of coming to an end as individuals. I do nof
dread it, tho. Personally I cannot see ang
use of a future life.” :
“But the soul!” Mr. Marshall protest
“The soul—” %
“Soul? Soul? What do you mean by soul gy
The brain?”
“Well, for the sake of argument,” said M
Marshall, “call it the brain, or what is in thé
brain, Is there not something immortal of o
in the brain—the human mind?”
“Absolutely no,” Edison replied with ema
phasis. “There is no more reason to belie
that any human brain will be immortal th:
there is to think that one of my phonographk
cylinders will be immortal. My phonographi
cylinders are mere records of sounds whi 2
have been impressed upon them. Under giventigas
conditions, some of which we do not at alg
understand, any more than we understani
some of the conditions of the brain, the phono
graphic cylinders give off these sounds again
For the time being we have perfect speech, ©
music, practically as perfect as is given off b
the tongue when the necessary forces are
i
‘TURE i
new things, for whatever was being
ibout_ among university dons OF fu
‘s, Thus-they were on the side of
ition against the Church, of the Whigt ;
the Stuarts, of the Baconian se
che old philosophy, of the manufac, is
igainst the operatives, and (to-day nog
sased power of the State against the o1a¥
d individualists, In short, the rich
iodern; it is their business.” 3
r
i
- MATERIALISM?
all I, if I am good and earn Tew,
aven when I die? No—no. I am
not an individual—I am an agegrepa
as, for instance, New York City
‘gate of individuals, Will New Yor
to heaven?” He went on slowly:
iink that we are individuals. The’
1 I have used is good. We are not
ds any more than a great city is ay
1. If you cut your finger. and a5
ou lose cells. They are the indivig.&
mu don't know them—you don’t know %
ls any more than New York City
§ five millions of inhabitants, Yo
ww who they are. No, all this tak}
stence for us, as individuals, beyond?
is wrong. It is born of our tenacity: ‘
‘ur desire to go on living—our dread 4
x to an end as individuals. I do not$
tho. Personally I cannot see any;
future life.” es
‘he Soul I" Mr. Marshall protested!
: oot What do you mean by soul?
‘for the sake of argument,” said M:
i “call it the brain, or what is in thed
i there not something immortal of o
ain—the human mind?” 4
jtely no,” Edison replied with em
Where is no more reason to believe AM
paman brain will be immortal thang
; think that one of my phonographie
will be immortal. My phonographi Y
2re mere records of sounds whic
dimpressed upon them, Under given 2¢q
some of which we do not at allo
i any more than we understand
¢ conditions of the brain, the phono-
Minders give off these sounds again.
yne being we have perfect speech, or:
Istically as perfect as is given off by
when the necessary forces are sete
%
i
ps
3
crassa neuen sence:
[PHOTOCOPY]
«+, motion by the brain. Yet no one thinks of
aiming immortality for the cylinders or the
fronograph. Then why claim it for the brain
mechanisin or the power that drives it? Be-
use We. don’t know what this power is, shall
ve! call it immortal? As well call electricity
jmmortal because we do not know what it is.
a man has a strong will he can force his
in to do this thing or that—make this
ffort, abstain from making that one.”
“Js the will a part of the brain?” Mr, Mar-
all inquired. :
“J do not know,” was the answer. “It may
or it may not be. The will may be a form of
electricity, or it may be a form of some other
wer of which we as yet know nothing.
But whatever it is, it is material; on that we
may depend. After death the force, or power,
we call will undoubtedly endures; but it en-
dures in this world, not in the next. And so
with the thing we call life, or the soul—mere
speculative terms for a material thing which,
under given conditions, drives this way or
that. It too endures in this world, not the
other.”
Almost contemporaneously with this ‘frank
expression of' materialistic belief from one of
the world’s greatest inventors has appeared in
a London journal, The New Age, a remark-
able article on “Materialism and Crime,” by
Francis Grierson. Mr. Grierson regards ma-
terialism as a terrible menace. He asks the
questions, Will materialism bring’ our civiliza-
tion to an end, or will crime and insanity com-
pel our civilization to get rid of materialism?
and he adds:
e
“The time has come not only to put these
questions, but have them answered. They are
exceedingly grave questions not only for phi-
losophers and politicians, but for the people who
call themselves’ ‘progressive’ thinkers, agnostic,
scientists without a fixed belief, and that numer-
ous body of empirical ‘researchers’ who dabble
in various quasi-scientific experiments supposed
to assist the mere believer to form a more’ posi-
tive and comforting conception of a state of
the soul after death, Scepticism, when it en-
dures beyond two generations, ends in material-
ism. ‘Scepticism, irony, pessimism, materiatism,
denial ‘of the psychic part of man, disavowal
of a belief in immortality: this is the order in
which the intellectual decadence.of any age or
-civilization proceeds,”
The Greeks and the Romans, Mr. Grierson
contends, became decadent through scepti-
cism; they ended in national and spiritual dis-
Tuption because there was no faith left on
RELIGION AND ETHICS 539
which .to build anything, and crime kept pace
with progressive decadence. Our modern
world may be in danger of the same fate. “No
one,” Mr. Gricrson asserts, “can doubt the
affinity existing between murder and suicide,
both being in many cases the result of mingled
scepticism, materialism, and a species of in-
sanity arising out of inordinate ambitions,
impossible vanities, .and selfish pleasures,
Germany is the hot-bed of modern material-
ism, ‘and in no other country are there so
many suicides.” .
Mr. Grierson holds it self-evident that no
sane man who is a believer in immortality
would commit a murder.in cold blood, altho
he might do so in a fit of rage. “Nor,” he
adds, “would anyone who believes in a return
of the dead ever think of murdering anyone.
Nor is the question confined to murder: all
the greater crimes are influenced more or less
by a man’s secret beliefs. There never was a
time when so many officers in Germany and
France have tried to sell their country for ‘a
mess of pottage’; and it is not difficult to fix
the blame on the spirit of materialism, which
urges such people on to reap what pleasures.
they may before death arrives.” The argu-
ment proceeds:
“We may be at the beginning of a reign of
a state of affairs the like of which the world
has never known, a state of things which may
cause a pandemonium of unrelenting fury in
which all the so-called Christian nations become
materialistic at heart after playing at hypocrisy
so long, will throw off their masks and engage
in an Armaggedon of slaughter and rapine in
which the thing called humanity will have no
part, in which the total destruction of commer-
cial and social rivals will be the only incentive
and the only aim. Arid the soldiers most likely
to win in the final rounding up are the Russians
in Europe, the Turks in the Near East, and the
yellow races in the Far East. Because these
people still believe they have immortal souls.
They are not afraid to die. The materialist
hates to die altho he may not. fear death, His
desire is to live as long as he can and enjoy all
he can no matter at whose cost.
“And not only this, but there is likely to come
a time, and that before very long, when the
soldiers of the sceptical nations will refuse to
fight; the feeling of patriotism will evaporate;
they will feel as if they were being used to no
good purpose. When this happens they will feel
as ‘if one ruler is as good as another—a Czar
of Russia would prove’ as welcome as a King
of England or an Emperor of Germany.”
That our civilization is becoming more and
more materialistic is proved, in Mr. Grier-
Senet ina odtep asi ares te EW ose ot See
{
t
i
[PHOTOCOPY]
son’s eyes, by the astounding number of child
suicides which occur year after year. Two
or three decades ago child suicides were rarely
known. “We are growing used to horrors!”
he exclaims. “And what is still! more curious,
from lack of real ordeals produced by long
wars, people gloat over sordid crimes and vul-
gar criminals as they never did in former
days. The void left by the passing of heroic
emotions is filled by the horrible, the mon-
strous, and the sadic. Geneva, the greatest
stronghold of sectarian religion in the world,
is now to become an arena for the Spanish bull
fight.” The upshot of the whole matter is:
“We prétend to be agnostics and sceptics, while
a cheap irony covers great chasms of -fear, ap-
prehension and dread. ... Underneath all the
persiflage is the haunting fear of final collapse,
for with the vanishing of the religious spirit there
seems to be no place left for a sense of the
higher mystical forces of the universe. Because,
while wits, sophists and empirics have practically
killed religion by their indifference and their ex-
ample, they have made it impossible for people
to become interested in any form of mystical as-
piration. And without such an aspiration the
human mind can never hope for real progress.
There is‘but one thing that can lift people and
nations above the sordid and the sensational, and
that is a high order of mystical optimism which
shall take the place of materialistic religion and
materialistic science. This mystical conscious-
ness cannot exist without a conviction of the
soul's immortality, Materialism is nothing but
the shadow of the real.”
This dismal picture has evoked a score of
protests. The most vigorous comes from Hy-
patia Bradlaugh Bonner, the daughter of
Charles Bradlaugh. She calls Mr. Grierson
“the Rip Van Winkle of the twentieth cen-
tury,” and says: “Religious belicf seems to
have an extraordinary effect upon the minds
of otherwise quite worthy persons.” She con-
tinues (in The New Age):
“The belief in the immortality of the soul rep-
resents a curious condition of mind in the re-
ligious person; he believes in the cternal exist-
ence in no one knows where, of something, no
one knows what. Until we know what the soul
is, it is really not worth while bothering about
its promised immortality. The soul is not pe-
culiar to- Christianity. I, have studied Assyrian
souls, Egyptian souls, Hebrew, Buddhist, Pagan,
Christian, Mohammedan, Norse, and many other
kinds, but*they are.all depicted according to the
fancy of the writer, and are clearly “coined out
of his own imagination, colored perhaps by the
traditions of earlier imaginings. It ts useless to
construct beliefs and very much more useless to
Babe cr ‘CURRENT LITERATURE
“horrors. We cannot yet prevent an occasionald
attempt to construct moral principles upon
uncertain foundations. B
“But, says Mr. Grierson, there is no Secret trig
too mean for a man who does not believe j,
soul (whatever that may be), there is Nothin,
stop him but fear of the law; so long as he
capes the law, he cares for no one. What Ne
sense this is; what contemptible nonsense}
believers not unbelievers who fill our Baols, Ry,
kin, in some beautiful passages in the Tntrody
tion to the ‘Crown of Wild Olive,’ too Ton ;
me to quote here, says ‘it is a sign of the last é
pravity in the Church itself when it assumes
such a belief (in death as the end of all) is ing,
sistent with either purity of character or energy
of hand.’”
Another writer, in a Jetter to The New 4,
argues similarly that “the question of indivig
ual immortality has not the importance
often attributed to it. Let us all do the
we can in the only life of which we’ rea
know something. Then, if there be anothe
life after death, we shall be ready to
doing the best we can with that.” A thi
correspondent declares: ae
“Mr. Grierson appears to deplore the fact
men may refuse to butcher each other on the
hattle-field in the name of patriotism. Most other
people would welcome stich an advance of ‘mans
kind. They would regard it as the triumph of @
Christianization, which, too long misdirected by:
the churches, has yet had so profound an influenced
that even now, when men reject the religious
form of the so-called Christian Church with ip
bloody-minded bishops—they retain the teaching J
of the Christ and practice more than was ever
preached of his humanity. Ws
“Mr. Grierson says: ‘We are growing used tog
horrors.’ What horrors are there we are growing
used to? The rack, the auto-da-fé, the boiling Zi
bath, the public execution: or is it solitary’ con
finement and flogging and imprisonment of ‘chi
dren? We are decidedly growing averse rom’
murder and suicide epidemic—but we shall be!
able to.... &
“Presumably Mr. Grierson writes from. the
mystic point of view. But a mystic ought to’
know that belief and disbelief cannot be taken’
in hand and taught to people. Profession of bed
lief proves nothing. The Puritans burnt witches
Mr. Grierson blames materialism for the increase}
in child-suicide. If he blamed early education,
over-crowding, tramps up to midnight, and other.
artificial evils he would be somewhere near. the!
truth, Modern children suffer from: insomnia
amongst other ills, But these things are really
being considered by practical persons tho, the -
writer of ‘Materialism and Crime’ may be.stily
dreaming. Practical remedies against crime are ,
achieving results where preaching has failed”
2.
"
Sept oie
[PHOTOCOPY]
[From Current Literature, vol. 49 (December 1910)]
EDISON’S VIEWS ON IMMORTALITY CRITICIZED
HE great inventor Thomas A. Edison
recently granted to a representative
of the New York Times an interview
in which he discussed at some length
his religious views. The gist of his remarks
was quoted in these pages last month. He
said, among other things, that he could not
see any ise of a future life, and that one of
the strongest arguments against immortality
| _ was to be found in the fact that every human
being is a multiplicity, rather than a unity.
As he put it: “We are not individuals any
more than a great city is an individual. If
you cut your finger and it bleeds, you lose
cells, They are the individuals. You don’t
know them—you don’t know your cells any
more than New York City knows its five mil-
lions of inhabitants. Yow don’t know who they
are. No, all this talk of an existence for us,
as individuals, beyond the grave is wrong. It
is born of our tenacity of life—our desire to
go on living—our dread of coming to an end
as individuals.” In the same interview, Edison
went on to'draw the following analogy from
one of his own most famous inventions:
“There is no more reasor to believe ‘that any
human brain will be immortal than there is to
think that one of my phonographic cylinders will
be immortal. My phonographic cylinders are
mere records of sounds which have been im-
pressed upon them. Under given conditions,
some of which we do not at all understand,
any more than we understand some of the con-
ditions of the brain, the (Phonographic cylinders
give off these sounds again. For the time being
we chave perfect speech, or music, practically as
perfect as is given off by the tongue when the
necessary forces are set in motion by the brain. ---
Yet no.one thinks of claiming immortality for
the cylinders ‘or. the phonograph. Then why
claim it for the brain mechanism or the power
that drives it? Because we don't know what
this power is; shall we call it immortal? As
well call clectricity immortal because we do not
know what it is.”
One of the books recommended as a source
of sound knowledge by Edison in his interview
was Dr.’ William Hanna Thomson’s “Brain
and Personality.” The suggestion turned out
to be something of a boomerang, for Dr.
Thomson, when approached by The Times to
state his views on the problems under discus-
sion, took direct issue with Edison, and
affirmed his conviction that “people who do
not believe in immortality are abnormal, if
not pathological.” “Mr. Edison’s view,” he |
prominent in one branch of science does not
--
said, “is unscientific. The fact that he
entitle him to pass on other branches of s¢j.*
ence.” Dr. Thomson asserted that some of
Edison’s remarks regarding the human bra
were very superficial; :
“There are two brains, not a brain. The
brain with the logos, or power of specch, is the
brain with the mind. The other brain is that of “e
the animal. a
“I was the chairman of the committee that : *
had to welcome Dr. von Helmholtz to the Cen. ; 4
tury Club. Dr. von Helmholtz, now dead, was “S
the greatest of European scientists, He was a
right-handed man and in tight-handed peoples: af
the speech center is in the left hemisphere “of;
the brain. He had two strokes of apoplexy. The % Ri
first struck him in the. right hemisphere and did ©:
not finish him. The second struck him in thet:
left hemisphere and he died. The right hemi (4)
sphere of his brain had no more intelligence than:
the brain of a cat has. Von Helmholtz was:
not in the right hemisphere of the brain, He“ ss
was wholly in the left, and when apoplexy struck?!
him there it Jaid him low, In one hemisphere *,
there was no von Helmholtz; in the other side
was von Helmholtz.”
Now why, asked Dr. Thomson, does the’
hand decide in which brain the power is to bef
developed? He replied: A
“At birth neither hemisphere knows anything”
of speech. But as the child grows, its personal- 3
ity wants to communicate with others. The brain:
makes no effort to communicate by speech. The’ ’
child reaches out its hand and gestures, with
right or left hand predominating in the sign:
language. It is the first language. Then the:
child makes faces and moves its lips. Gradually, -
if the child-is left-handed, the brain in the right},
hemisphere develops the speech center, and if i
is right-handed the speech center develops in th
left hemisphere. . . .
“The phonograph is no more responsible fo
the sound from its record than the brain is for
speech that is uttered. In specch, in the logos,?
as it is called, the brain is the instrument of ai-
personality just as the phonograph is the instri
ment for a reproduction of sound.
“If Mr, Edison’s objections are based on scie:
tific facts exclusively he shows a great ignorance*
of brain discoveries.” 4 "
Dr. Thomson, during the course of his state-_
ment, expressed his preference for the word,
“personality” rather than “soul.” The person-!
ality of a human being, he said, has will, feel-
ing and-purpose. “These are the functions
of personality and they can mold the brain to.
[PHOTOCOPY]
ITY CRITICIZED
icientific. The ‘fact that he is
one branch of science does not!
‘ pass on other branches of scien
Thomson asserted that some of
irks regarding the human brain
derficial : SF
two brains, not a_ brain, Th
logos, or power of specch, is the
mind. The other brain is that of.
chairman of the committee that
e Dr. von Helmholtz to the Cen
r. von Helmholtz, now dead, was’
f European scientists. He was a%
man and in right-handed peoplejte
iter is in the left hemisphere .of ad
had two strokes of apoplexy, The®
n in the right hemisphere and did
The second struck him in thet
e and he died. The right hemi.
rain had no more intelligence than §
a_cat has. Von Helmholtz was {3
‘ht hemisphere of the brain. Hep
the left, and when apoplexy struck
aid him low. In one hemisphere %s
von Helmholtz; in the other side &
roltz.” ’
asked Dr. Thomson, does thes
\ which brain the power is to be ;
Te replied:
ither hemisphere knows anything
> as the child grows, its personal
mmunicate with others. The brain:
t to communicate by specch. The “+:
out its hand and gestures, with -”
hind predominating in the sign
s the first language. Then the
ses and moves its lips. Gradually,
left-handed, the brain in the right
‘clops the speech center, and if it «
the speech center develops in the
raph is no more responsible for
tits record than the brain is for
uttered. In speech, in the logos, -
the brain is the instrument of a
as the phonograph is the instru:
roduction of sound. 2
on’s objections are based on scien-
sively he shows a great ignorance
cries,”
a, during the course of his state- ie.
:d his preference for the word °
ather than “soul.” The person-
an being, he said, has will, fecl-
vse. “These are the functions
and they can mold the brain to
der Wi N.Y.
Se Tengen HE PRONOUNCES THE BELIEF IN IMMORTALITY GENERIC
i i ialist, is of the opinion that “people who do not believe in immor-
Dr. Waits HEED Thomson, the Cee yerainty ein i af Sarholonicet Pt
be
{
H
i
t
{
{
-——
=
[PHOTOCOPY]
‘
be the instrument of personality. The will is
- independent of the brain. It is a stimulus to
the brain.” The will, he pointed out, outlasts
the rest of us. Gladstone at eighty-eight made
one of his most powerful speeches, His will
kept his brain serving him when his body
showed the decay of his years. Dr. Thomson
also cited the case of “a man in Wall Street”
who, altho feeble in body, was a hard man to
make a bargain with. He was a famous man
as a money-getter, the equal of many younger
men. From all this was drawn the conclusion
that “personality is the self, and it is not de-
stroyed by the death of the body.” The great-
est certainty in the world, Dr. Thomson con-
tended, is one’s own existence. “It is the cer-
tain ‘Iam.’ All the rest is relative. Does the
brain give you this certainty, this knowledge?
It is the personality that gives it and makes
the brain an instrument only.”
Then followed-the argument:
“The belief in a personal immortality is ge-
neric, The Chinese and the Japanese are the
largest division of our race. You would not
call them inferior. They worship their ancestors
and believe them alive. The message of Admiral
Togo to the Mikado after the battle of the Sea
of Japan was that ‘the victory was not due to
the skill and bravery and devotion of himself
and his officers and men, but was due to the
virtues of his Majesty’s ancestors. It was the
work of the powers that were long dead in the
flesh, but personalities still existing.
“The Chinese have forgotten God altogether.
It js difficult for the missionaries to find a suit-
able word for God in the Chinese language.
“Belief in immortality does not need a belief
in God, i
“Then if we subtract the Jews, Mohammedans,
and Christians along with the Chinese and Japan-
ese as those who belicve-in immortality from
those who do not believe in it—what is left?
Even in India, where there is the belief of trans-
migration, this does not mean a failure of he-
lief in immortality. Yes, I believe that people
who do not believe in immortality are abnormal.”
Next came up the question, What is the
greatest of the senses given man? Dr. Thom-
son replied: The sense of touch. “You can
see this landscape here on the wall,” he said,
“this picture of a woman, but in order to see
it ittwas necessary for this sense of touch that
made the picture to be put in operation. It is
the greatest of the senses because it can be
educated. It makes the pictures we see, the:
books we read, the clothes we wear.” And
yet, continued the Doctor, we do not know
where the sense of touch is located. “It is
646 CURRENT LITERATURE
.ventor, “there at once arises the query, what
the last, station on the way to the invisit}
self.”
“You only see the frame of a man ang {28a
cannot see the man’s self. Man is just as ie]
visible as God. “a
“The personality itself is always invisible’
living brain .when exposed, tho it then be
scious, ‘shows. no more ‘evidence of the
which is there than does any other bodily this:
The nearest we ever come to seeing this Ins
dweller is when it makes the eye flash. All
we can say is that our consciousness in its re!
tion to the mind seems somewhat like a wing,
which is but rarely opened wide.”
There are few, if any, arguments in beh,
of immortality stronger than those suggested
by the analogy of sleep. . Into the very cu:
rency of our tongue have gone the haunting’
words: ‘
" “We are such stuff
As dreams are made of, and our little life
Is rounded with a sleep.
Dr. Thomson’s train of reasoning Ied to
climax: “It is the sure fact of sleep whicky
makes hope so reasonable.” This idea is elabS
orated in his book, “Brain and Personality”;
“Sleep and awakening have always made mane-#
kind doubt the fact of human extinction by death’
In the remotest past, when the race was repre
sented by primitive cave dwellers, they buried‘
with their dead, weapons for the chase, food?
and food utensils, and even for the children theip%:"
little toys. Pg
“A minority of men may now attempt to%-
ascribe this conviction, which is found everywhere’
and in all times, merely to human aspiration, ‘It:
is true that the human heart has much to say
and to ask, when loved ones lic dead; but it is%
the sure fact of sleep which makes hope so react:
sonable, by giving the lie to every doctrine of ky
extinction.” a ae
Edison’s views and Dr. Thomson’s rejoinder
have awakened widespread interest in the pulse
; * av
pit and in the press. Many clergymen have,
made the matter a text for sermons. “If man,
is a mere congregation of material cells, as”
Mr. Edison contends, then he is no more the
inventor of the phonograph than of the stea
engine, for the cells that composed Mr. Ei
son then passed away many years ago, and it. ‘
is another congregation of cells that make up.
his present material being,” said the Rev. Di
Fiank Oliver Hall, .a Universalist minister .of%
‘New York. ‘Naturally, he continued, after outs
lining the materialistic philosophy of the i
%
is the answer of those who believe in immof::
ality and,
answer i
pimself:
“In his
, man is
cells,
phs is f
that Mr. i
ality’ Ye;
“Js not :
shing he [
pigh persi;
1 brain a
from wro
«ill survi
po on liv
Anothe
gon was ||
New Jers
dared th!
js, is the;
terial lin’
immortal: .
as Schoj'
thinker,” =
machine,
dent to tl
on that +
chine, a:
been no
there wo
sonality :}
The F.
Fifth A,
made an
He spok
Thomas !
views on
viewed,’ |.
contradic ;
he said: i
1
"The 1
evidence
It teems
words ‘s1:
failed toi)
just wha?
the thin;
assertion:
ignorant]
will is al
doesn't k?
terial, A
power ¢;
In one t}
and in t';
in this w/
of stater’
ice the frame of a man and
: man's self. Man is just as “ge
ality itself is always invisible
shen exposed, tho it then b,
_no more ‘evidence of the
than does any other bodily this:
ve ever come to -sceing this In
n it makes the eye flash. All gai!
that our consciousness in its Tels
id seems somewhat like a windoy
arely opened wide.” Plies!
ro)
ew, if any, arguments in beha
y of sleep. Into the very cur.
tongue have gone the haunting’
Ne
¥a
We are such stuff ate
te made of, and our little life if
ith a sleep. <
3 train of reasoning led to the’
5 the sure fact of sleep which’
reasonable.” This idea is elabs:
ook, “Brain and Personality”; BS
vakening have always made man‘.
fact of human extinction by death:
i past, when the race was repre.
dtive cave dwellers, they buried,
d, weapons for the chase, food, :
ds, and even for the children their.
1s
| ?
i of men may now attempt to”
4iction, which is found everywhere |
', merely to human aspiration. It”
: human heart has much to say.
2n loved ones lie dead; but it is
sleep which makes hope so reas,
ing the lie to every doctrine of:
+s and Dr. Thomson’s rejoinder
. widespread interest in the pul-
press. Many clergymen have
a text for sermons. “If man
zregation of material cells, as
atends, then he is no more the
phonograph than of the steam
i cells that composed Mr. Edi-
! away many years ago, and it
iregation of cells that make up
‘erial being,” said the Rev. Dr.
fall, a Universalist minister of
turally, he continued, after out---
jialistic philosophy of the in-.
at once arises the query, what .
f those who believe in immor
|
|
i
eco
&
7 stronger than those sugges!
Cx
Ss
[PHOTOCOPY]
ality and the soul to Mr, Edison?” The best
gnswely according to the speaker, is Edison
pimself:
man is a mere material combination of work-
ing cells, just the same as one of his phono-
graphs is a mere machine. It will be noticed
t Mr. Edison himself uses the word ‘person-
aiity” Yet he has no personality, he contends.
“Is not Mr. Edison himself bigger than any-
x
high personality. Mr. Edison has a personality,
brain and a heart, and can distinguish right
from wrong. Despite Mr. Edison's theories, .we
gill survive the disintegration of the body and
go on living.”
3
Another clergyman who took issue with Edi-
gon was his friend and neighbor in Orange,
New Jersey, the Rev. Adolph Roeber. He de-
dared that the great inventor, genius tho he
is, is the kind of genius that thinks along ma-
terial lines, and thus inclines to ‘disbelief in
jmmortality. He compared him to such men
as Schopenhauer and Buchner. “No sane
thinker,” he said, “denies that the brain is a
machine, but neither will he deny that antece-
dent to the brain is the personality performing
on that machine. The phonograph is a ma-
chine, a wonderful machine; but if there had
been no Mr. Edison or some genius like him
there would have been no phonograph. Per-
sonality always comes first, do what we will.”
The Rev. Dr. Charles F. Aked, of the
Fifth Avenue Baptist Church, New York,
made another contribution to the discussion.
He spoke heatedly, and maintained that “if
Thomas A. Edison had paused to write his
views on immortality instead of being ‘inter-
viewed,’ he would have avoided this mass of
contradictions of anarchy and folly.” Then
he said:
Sg
“The Edison interview bears on its face the
evidence of loose thinking and loose speaking.
It teems with them. He seems obsessed by the
words ‘supernatural’ and ‘supernormal.’ But he
failed to explain the difference between them or
just what he means. He attempts to repudiate
the thing he has not defined. His arbitrary
assertions in matters where he admits he is wholly
ignorant is astounding. He is asked whether the
will is a part of the brain, and he says that he
doesn’t know, but that, whatever it is, it is ma-
terial. And he says that after death the force or
power exists, but in this world—not the next.
In one breath he declares that will is material
and in the next that it endures after death, but
in this world, not the next. What can you make
Of statements such as these? If any one can
’
RELIGION AND ETHICS’
“Jn his philosophy he may think that he thinks.
ing he can make in his factory? His is the’
reconcile these statements of Mr. Edison, he is
cleverer than Mr. Edison himself.” .
Even England is interested in this contro-
versy; and a correspondent of London Public
Opinion quotes Emerson to offset Edison's
conclusions :
“Edison's belief in immortality is in itself start- ‘
ling in view of the great change that is coming
over the scientific world in reference to the na-
ture of human personality. The logic of his
argument, however, causes greater wonder. He
says: ‘There is no more reason to suppose the
human brain—what you call a soul—to be im-
mortal than there is to think that one of m:
phonographic cylinders is immortal.’ .
“To my knowledge no believer in immortality
has ever identified the soul with the brain of
man. Emerson, I believe, expresses the general
view. very fairly in his essay entitled, ‘The Over-
soul,’ where he remarks: ‘All goes to show that
the soul in man is not an organ, but animates
and exercises all the organs . .. is not the in-
tellect-or the will, but the master of the intellect
and the will; is the vast background of our, being,
in which they lie. ... When it breathes through
his intellect, it -is genius; when it breathes
through his will, it is virtue; when it flows
through his affections, it is love.’”
* Sir Oliver Lodge may also be said to have
made, in a recent address, a contribution of
vital theory to the debate. He was not re-
ferring specifically to Edison's pronuncia-
mento, but he had in mind exactly the same
problems as those discussed in the Times in-
terview. He said in part:
“There is no real ending to anything in the
universe, nor was there any beginning. The death
of the body does not convey any assurance of
the soul’s death. Every physical analogy is
against such a superficial notion in nature. We
never see things beginning or coming to an end.
Change is what we see, not origin or termina-
tion.
“Death is a change indeed—a sort of emigra-
tion, a wrenching away of the old familiar scenes,
a solemn portentous fact. But it is not annihila-
tion.
“No thoughtful person can believe that he is
destined to drop head foremost into vacant noth-
“ing and cease to be. Existence is itself a great
adventure—a series of them. Some lead placid
lives, and think to escape adventures—at any
rate, will not go to seck them—will ‘try to
avoid them. But none-can altogether escape.
None can escape the adventure of death. Un-
mistakably a’ great adventure that! The enter-
ing another world, encountering another condi-
tion of being, facing the utterly unknown; only
shielded by faith in beneficence from dismay.”"*
Clippings
Undated
oes eee) EeeereN een) eee
J
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4
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at rs] :
son ; Oscilla(fiig Mimeogra
r Dis licating-Typewriting-: :
M ewriter Is fast inking.<the
Place of the printing: press, «This: tact:
Aa; never better demonstrated * than;
At:the present time nt Marshall's Type-:
eyiting Exchange on Cannon street,!
Where is to be seen the new ‘Ki
"08 "a0 for ¢ nei
dynewr! ne. t ign novel, unique and:
complete ‘little printing press, in coms
{pacts form, and for a duplicator, “can!
\ ardiy. be excelled. From an orlgluall
fatencll copy .made ‘on a typewriter,
«with, the’-impression -in a ‘sheat \of,
faxed paper, igs many copies can? be
iobtalned as the writer wishes to“:ob-
jtain.t “here is no solllng of:the hands
ior-‘spolling of. coples with dripping,
fink’ a. difficulty which prevalled up ‘to,
ithe-time this. Invention was put an Ic;
sunorket. © F IE AT 3 S's
KCho:oseliiathig —mimecograph.; ede
7
igned for:single sheet rapid: prin:
from, typewritten steucils, -and its’¢a-
preity is from. 40-to —s0 coples pes
Infnoute, dependent upon the experts
ness‘of the operator, ©/°.2 <-. 3: vq
#2 The unique feature contained: hi thi,
machine is the. travelling, paper: is
iriage, “which: passes back’ and forth;
pinder, the: printing .cyHuder_and :bysa’
celever., -arrangement,;;"picksy si a
Sheets much: .the.samechs tho finger?
on. printing-preap;, retains. jhossesslon
yor It. while -belng:-printed, and? dla
ichatges; It: automatically - In thes box
farranged to receive ft. The duplicates
fate:ns ‘clear’and ‘distinct; asthe orlgl-
nal:copy or the first sheet that. would
come off the: tynewriter. “For bualhess
houges haying duplicates of~coples. td
make, or ‘those- sending out circulars;
patho Jiundreds, this ingenious Anyeny
jtlontis a2 great saver of Umexa‘nd tex:
Ee . In. fact, it will do away}
awith’
allismall:jobs In the printin; Aes Thy
nachine. 8 non Ol euitition : ator
shall’s ewriting nge-ands
tyotlliy jogs nispection tai Loses
NEW ‘YORK, ‘aay
of motion nictures . fo:
nation's ‘elementary - schoolg. ww
twenty years bring about,
iment of ten centuries in
Thomas A. Edison eald todayy
Ho declared prese;
schvol systems Were
tractive to children, |
he said, “Is to eliminate.:
books and teach with motion
This is a mare vivid, m pel:
mothod of holding a child's: attentl
had been Door, .
Ho described his {dea of a Class A
man’ “as anywhere from 22 to 27 years
old, woll-drossed and bright, but ‘usu-
ally not a good looker,"
Ho suggested organization of a
Sovernment ‘body “to furnish the
schools of tho country with education.
al films,~ Education“ woutd be so far
advanced in thi manner ho said, that
Intelligonce. tests for, adults would in
atime bo unno ange
ABDICATE
OR NTE
207
Scientific Progress and Endeavor
THE EDISON SYORAGE BATTERY............. ++» ELECTAICITY
We have Mr. Thomas A. Edison's word for
‘it that he has so perfected and improved his
_ Storage battery that, by means of it, the auto-
mobile industry of the country will be revolu-
tionized, : .
The trouble with storage batteries for auto-
mobile purposes up to now has been the fact
that the weight which has to be carried was out
of proportion to the amount of power given.
This objectionable feature, Mr. Edison now
claims, has been overcome. i:
To a representative of a daily paper, Mr. Edi-
son- told of two tests of a runabout that had |
been equipped with one of his batteries with a
net weight of 332 pounds. The first run, he
said, was over roads having grades of from 2}
to 12 per cent. The vehicle ran sixty-two
miles on one charge, and the speed at the finish
was 83 per cent. of the starting speed. The
second trial was on May 26 over comparatively ;
level roads, and: on a single charge the vehicle
ran eighty-five miles to a standstill.
On both these trials, Mr. Edison said, the
speed averaged nearly twelve miles an hour,
Rough roads, ruts and sand were covered at the
same speed as the smooth stretches.
Among advantages claimed for the new bat-!
tery over all other classes of motive power are;
its simplicity, reliability, cheapness and safety. |
Any novice may operate it and the only atten-!
tion required is that the supply of water in the!
solution be replenished. The speed possibili-'
ties are declared to be limited only. by the’
weight of battery that the body of the vehicle
will carry. Referring to the subject, Mr. Edi-
son says:
‘A speed of seventy-five miles an hour will
be easily attainable in a properly constructed
vehicle. There will be no running expense ex-
cept the cost of current, and it will not be pos-
sible in the streets of New York to exhaust the
battery in one day. The battery will not de-
teriorate and will be capable of the same speed
throughout.
“The main feature of my battery is that it
is indestructible, as it can be charged and re-
charged without perceptible change in mate-
rials. It is an iron-nickel cell, or, in other
words, the negative pole or positive element is .
iron, and the positive pole or the negative ele-
ment is a superoxide of nickel. As contrasted
with the old lead storage battery of 186 pounds
per horse-power hour, my battery is only 53.3
pounds per horse-power hour."”
That Mr. Edison's battery is an improvement
over the majority of storage batteries now on
the market we do not doubt, but before giving
absolute credit to the statement that ‘it will
revolutionize the automobile industry, weshould
like to see some further tests with official
reports of the same.
aed
vo.
hog
Gate
vatlo
[PHOTOCOPY]
POLICH.
——_.—___.
At Bow-srneet, yesterday, before Mr Marsham,
ABRAHAM KALLIN, of 37, Theobald's-road,was suinmoned
for being in the possession forsale of phonograpbic records
to which o falza trade doscrptron, to wit, “ Gold
Moulded Records," was applied ; nud J. Wrataast
Simpson was summoned for selling the records Mr A,
J. Walter and Mr, Harry Wilson supported the summons ;
Mr, P. Roso-fnnes defended, Mr. Walter sard tho pro-
ceedings had been taken under the Merchandise Marks
Act. He explained that the genuine gold moulded record
of which ‘Thornus Edison was the inventor, was first cut
tin wax in a phonograph, Then an electro ceproduc-
tion was made in gold, that belng the enty metal which
gave an absolutely smocth surface, aud from that mould
copigs were made, [t was found that numbers of {mita-
tions were being sold in this country, and they were
traced to a shop in Thoobald’s-road, ulleged to be carried
on by the defendants as_partn Evidence having been
given of the purchase of six imitation recurds from the
lofondants’ premises, .Georze Croydon Marks, the
Attorney in this country for ‘Thomas Edison, the inventur,
was called, Ho deposed that on May 16 he saw Kallin at
oa| bls shop and asked him if he sold Edison's * Gold
Moulded "? records. Ho replied that he did, and said the
price was Ss. Od. o dozen. ‘The witness said that they could
not be bought at the price, und told him he thought he
was copying them, This Kullin admitted was true, but he
said he was now anxious to get out of the business us he
, | did not like it, Simpson wus present, and was represented
by Kallinas his partaer. Kallindectined to give the witness
an undertakiog to discontinue the sale of these imita-
tions and added :—“* You will got nothing out of me ;
the Welsba ople have tried that. know what
Tam doing.” shibsequently the police, under a search
warrant, seized six ine rocords and ten imitations
from the defendants’ premises. William Hayos, chict
“| record maker for Thorhas Edison at Orange, New dorsey,
United States of America, proved that’ tho records
produced were imitations; and the defendants, who
clected to be trigd before a jury, wero committed for
trial, Bail In tlielr own recognlzances of £50 each was
allowed.
Carrain Ricnharp Joun Vynxn, 37, described as a
Britlsh subject, of no occupation, living at 9, Che”
grnspers Sse tee sabe up asp furtive offender *
nt ute” we
—
FAMILY RECORDS SERIES
This series contains correspondence, financial records, and other
documents relating to the members of the Edison and Miller families. Most
of the items for the period 1899-1910 pertain to the activities and interests
of Edison's second wife, Mina Miller Edison, and to the maintenance of
Glenmont, the Edison home in Llewellyn Park. The documents are from the
following archival record groups at the Edison National Historic Site: Charles
Edison Fund Collection; Edison Family Papers; Account Books; and Harry
F. Miller Collection. Finding aids are available.
The items not selected include a notebook containing samples of
plants collected by Mina Edison at Fort Myers; copies of the will of her
mother, Mary V. Miller; agreements between Mina Edison and Mary V. Miller
concerning the will; and horoscopes of Mina Edison, Theodore Edison, and
members of the Miller family.
The documents appear in the following order: (1) Correspondence; (2)
Financial Records.
en ee a
FAMILY RECORDS SERIES
UNBOUND CORRESPONDENCE
These letters cover the period 1899-1910. Most of the correspondence
is addressed to Edison's second wife, Mina Miller Edison. Included are letters
from her mother, Mary V. Miller; stepdaughter, Marion Edison Oeser; stepsons,
Thomas A. Edison, Jr., and William Leslie Edison; and other members of the
Edison and Miller families. Also included are letters addressed to Thomas A.
Edison, John V. Miller, and other family members, as well as some
correspondence authored by Mina Edison. The letters deal mainly with the
domestic life and activities of the Edison and the Miller families. They contain
numerous references to Edison's work schedule, travel, health and diet, as well
as his paternal and spousal roles and his relations with the Miller family. There
are also items pertaining to the death of Edison's sister, Marion Page, and
father-in-law, Lewis Miller; the health of other family members; time spent at
Glenmont and at the winter home in Fort Myers, Florida; and kidnapping threats
against the children. Also included is a 10-page manuscript, "In and About
Salem," detailing Mina Edison's trip to Salem, Massachusetts, in 1907. Some
of the letters refer to the business dealings of Edison's brothers-in-law, John
V. Miller and Ira Miller. About 40 percent of the family correspondence has
been selected.
In addition to the family correspondence, there are numerous letters
addressed to Mina Edison dealing mainly with the purchase of goods,
charitable donations, memorials for deceased members of the Miller family,
-and work and renovations at Glenmont. The selected letters relate to Edison's
health, Mina Edison's charitable activities, financial investments, and a loan
she made to Ira Miller.
Approximately 10 percent of the letters by non-family members have
been selected. The following categories of documents have not been selected:
correspondence pertaining to the purchase of household items, clothing, and
domestic services; estimates for services; telegrams regarding travel
arrangements and the transmittal of documents; solicitations and
acknowledgments of annual dues and charitable donations; requests for loans;
and letters that duplicate the information in selected items. Also not selected
are the numerous letters relating to the activities of John V. Miller that do not
mention Edison.
The selected items are arranged according to correspondent: (1) Mina
Miller Edison; (2) Marion Edison Oeser; (3) Thomas A. Edison, Jr.; (4) William
Leslie Edison; (5) Theodore Edison; (6) Mary V. Miller; (7) Ira Miller: (8) Lewis
A. Miller; (9) Mary E. Miller; (10) Robert Miller; (11) Non-Family Members.
FAMILY RECORDS SERIES
CORRESPONDENCE BY
MINA MILLER EDISON
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|
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UNDATED CORRESPONDENCE BY
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CORRESPONDENCE BY
THOMAS A. EDISON, JR.
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FAMILY RECORDS SERIES
CORRESPONDENCE BY
WILLIAM L. EDISON
WwW. L. EDISON
DEALER IN
Phonographs, Records & Supplies,
HORNS A SPECIALTY,
465 East 59th. Street,
L. KAISER, MANAGER
Hiv Gort, es ath igag
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WwW. L. EDISON
DEALER IN
Phonographs, Records & Supplies,
HORNS A SPECIALTY. _
45 Kast 59th Street,
L. KAISER, MANAGER
ID insite divvecrscinstevtsn van tnastex Soh vstiye Dasetehedsvaverat
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W. L. EDISON
DEALER IN
Phonographs, Records & Supplies,
HORNS A SPECIALTY,
45 Enst 59th Street,
L. KAISER, Manaaer
*P sanaeseereensetan seecentsensaeeerrameeconssesessestecenaecns
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ABLE ay ne and but
W. L. EDISON
DEALER IN
Phonographs, Records & Supplies,
HORNS A SPECIALTY.
45 East 59th Street,
L. KAISER, MANAGER
ateoar
$a nner gee
LRA LEIG
ee ae.
[FEBRUARY 6, 1900]
42, Central Rak Gat
Way dear Walter:
dearth, ond aye AncDmsng enna wiley found
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FAMILY RECORDS SERIES
UNDATED CORRESPONDENCE BY
WILLIAM L. EDISON
CA. 1900-1902
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FAMILY RECORDS SERIES
UNDATED CORRESPONDENCE BY
THEODORE EDISON
CA. 1906
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FAMILY RECORDS SERIES
CORRESPONDENCE BY
MARY V. MILLER
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IRA MILLER
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GLENMONT
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Seer ee er ee RE eS ERT FA
Akron, Ohio, June 26th,1906.
Mrs. Mina Edison, -
As a family we made a subscription to the
Chautauqua Institution to assist in building the Hall of Philos-
ophy, it being understood that we ‘as a family were to supply funds
for the construction of one pillar of such building.
The total subscription amounted to $250." Dividing
this into -eight equal parts, makes your share $31.25, If you
will kindly remit this amount to me so we can make up our fund |
now owing, i.e., $250., you will greatly oblige.
I have Het Counted Mother in this donation, thinking
we had better do it ‘independently of her if possible, —
Yours,
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Akvon Ofte,
FAMILY RECORDS SERIES
CORRESPONDENCE BY
LEWIS A. MILLER
THE MILLER LAND Co.
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FAMILY RECORDS SERIES
CORRESPONDENCE BY
NON-FAMILY MEMBERS
1 NDE ETT
[TO JOHN V. MILLER, 1901? (INCOMPLETE)]
-2e
Denton,Dunn& Boutrsee,
BARRISTERS , SOLICITORS &c,
NATIONAL TRUST CHAMBERS
20KING ST.E, TORONTO, CANADA,
FRAMK DENTON, KG,
Herpery L. Down,
W.MutocK Sourraee,
dJoum Watren McDonato,
The roads northward from Toronto are splendid to
a point north of Orillia to a plae called Washago and it is
only 12 miles from Washago to Gravenhurst within one mile of
which last mentioned place is Muskoka Wharf a point where
sumer tourists leave the railway and take the steamers
‘up the Muskoka Lakes. The 12 miles fran Washago to
Gravenhurst is not by any means a first class road for
automobiles but you could easily mle the 12 miles in an
hour. From Gravenhurst, if you did not wish to take the
boat, you could go on 18 miles further to Bracebridge and
that could be taken in two hours or pro bab ly considerably
less Then you could go on fran Bracebridge to a plae
called Windermere on Lake Ross, one of the Muskoka Lakes¢
I saw Mre John C. Eaton to-day who is asm of
Mr. T. Eaton and the business mansger of the 7. Eaton
Company ,Limited The Eatons are all famous automobile men
and Mr. Baton told me that he had gone in his automobile
fran Tor oto to Windermere. The sumer res idence of Mr. T.
' Eaton is at Windermere ani Windermere is within two or three
miles of the famour Royal Muskoka Hotel owned ani‘ operated
by the Grand Trunk Railway Company and a hotel at which
, Mr. Edison would be no doubt pleased to stay. *
[—L sleek Sa Bh Tete ate a eS eet EE ae SS ee 9 ee Eos ges = ss
Denton, D uit}& BouLTBEE,
BARRISTERS, SOLICITORS ac,
NATIONAL TRUST OHAMBERS
20 KING ST.E, TORONTO, CANADA,
FRawe Denton, KG.
. Herpenr b. Dunn,
W.MULOGK Boutroee,
Joun Wacten McDOowALo,
Mr. John C. Baton goes to Muskoka each week end
and he told me tomday that if he were in Tor onto the day
that you wished to leave Tor oto for the Muskoka Lakes
that he would be delighted to take his big mchine and
guide you to Windermere.
You referred in your letter to the Muskoka
District. In one sense the Muskoka District is a territory
of a very large area but what we in Tormto refer to as
the Muskoka District as a sumer resort is limited to say
40 miles in length by 10 or 12 in width many points in its
width being limited to two or three miles. ‘The Muskoka
Lakes to which 1 refer consist of three lakes knowm as
the Muskoka Lake, Lake ASSS5"and Lake Josoph and moderate
sized steamers ply these lakes in all directions ‘daily.
! ae The people in the larger cities of Ontario use
. the automobile very exter ively and Ontario has good
autoniobile roads and Mr. Edison will no doubt enjoy his
trip though the Provineé of Ontario and through some parts :
of the Province of Quebec. When I say that we have good
automobile roads that is quite true but at the samp time they
are nothing like such good roads as ya have in New Jersey. |
:
i
2
:
a
(AR ST ST sterner encaere p cetiamenmeneramts mat, pie emitted Atnnyntng stint renee ets teeeteltennee rete aaenrtenenn beeen at nn ~
a
|
LG
|
e
|
|
i
Denton,Dunn & Boutrsee,
BARRISTERS , SOLICITORS ac,
NATIONAL TRUST CHAMBERS
20KING ST.E, TORONTO, CANADA,
FRAMK Denton, K.G.
Herwerr L,Ounn,
W.MuLocK Boutrpec,
down Walter McDowatn.
When you leave Buffalo or Niagara Falls you will
go to Hamilton on a well beaten path and fran Hamilton to
Toronto there are two roads one being a favorite in good
weather and the othar being used if the weather has not been
all that could be ded red. You will therefore inquire at the
Royal Hotel in Hamilton as to which is the better road
to take that day to Tor onto.
‘Possi bly when you get to Niagara Falls, Ontario,
you may change your mind and instead of going round by
Hamilton you will go down the river on the Canadian side
past Queenston Hights to Niagara- on-the- Lake 2 dis tance
of about 14 miles, and then put your automobiles on one of
the very large passenger steamers ruming every hour or two
between Niagara-on-the-Lako ait" Toronto, the trip from
Niag ara~on-the-Lake to Toronto across the lake occupying
about tw hours: .
I am seniing yo by concurrmt post a waggon road
map of Eastern Ontario arid an automobile road map of
Western Ontario. Whether they will be of mich advantage
; to you or not 1 camot say,
. I was out of the city since Friday night ard re«
g
turned this moming and although 1 received your letter in °
i . Ottawa yesterday moming 1 could not answer it until 1 mde
4
3
¢
k
4
t
—1 WIDSSee ITA Veta PACReL Tn eS te coated cot tS :
=H=
Denton,Dunn& Bouttses,
BARRISTERS , SOLIGITORS &c.
NATIONAL TRUST CHAMBERS
20KING ST.E. TORONTO, CANADA,
Faausx Dentro WK.
2 Henwerr L, Dune,
W.MutocK Bourrset,
down Watrer McDonato,
some inquiries here to-day. 1 therefore wired yw this
morning that I would write you fully tomday.
You may tell Mr. Edison that the three little
lakes in Muskoka to which 1 refer make a very pleasant
sumner resort ani the lakes are dotted with auto boats,
yachts, steamers ate. I presume it will be time mough
for you to wire for rooms at the Royal Muskoka Hotel
after you arrive in Toronto. However, if you want to wire
in advance just wire "Mamager Royal Muskoka Hotel,
Windermere, Ontario.® You will also be sure to tell
Mr. Edison that he mst at least stay one full day in our
city heres ; |
With kiniest regards, 1 am
Yours sincerely, Pe
Spams ty
a od
i
Hine
JBUREAU OF ASSOCIATED CHARITIES
N.Y, & N. J TELEPHONE §6,
> °
Tana Dennis, M, D., President, * Tho most important of tho services that this Bociety cau rondor the public
5 sane 1a to bring about the co- oporation of allthe charitable organizations of tho city,
Rev. Henny BR. Rose, Vice-President, It 4a endeavoring to accomplish thia by acting a8 0 bureau of information for
A. W. MoD Ss fe gharitable organizations an fodividuala and’ va a contro for their intercumumune
- MoDoua ecrelary,, cation,
: a a ie aims tobe a sloarlng louse far tha a of the community. eon
tmolntains a Regiatry contatoing information about ueady familics. A
Bengasun Arita, Treasurer, ‘ such familios are soy on these records, Some of them are currently recelying
ald; many of them are begging fraudulently.
Sond Communications to Do not give Indiscriiniuately, Do nut ‘work at croas porposcs with othara:
A. W, McDOUGALD, Superintendent, Co-oporate, Uso the Bureatt,
222 MARKET STREET
| NEWARK, No dee BB ejb O OBeernn tO
Mrs. Thomas A. Edison, |
Llewellyn Park,-
Orange, N. J.
My Dear Mrs. Edison,
I-have your letter in response to the one that TI wrote to
you. and I wish to thank you for your kindness in answering. TI am go-
ing to be importunate enough to write you once more in regard to the
matter. Since writing the last letter I have suggested that. they
‘adopt the plan of endeavoring to get different persons to be willing
to pay hie wages. of the agent for one month out of, the present of year.
Would you not be willing to pay Miss Woodworth's salary, say for one
“month. ‘They pay her $600 a year, ‘$50 a month? “Rilowing that you will
pardon me for. writing again and that my only interest isrto prevent
: . : : i a
the giving up. of a good work, I am
: ~ ‘Sincerely,
ee
pee ee ee Ne
eq { }
Face tenon 8
(
JOHN H. WOOD
~ Loans, Real Estate and Insurance
""' 39-41 CORTLANDT ST,, ROOM 28 *
P. 0, BOX 2078
Telephone Call, 290 Cortlandt
New York, wren J22becue Lf
ce Bae
One
DQ 7 Fh
(ORR ES
7 ha 2: * At. Reeitd.
Pl Coe y Machen G
ae ins wl J
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et ree
. ee
WILBUR S.KNOWLES,
ARCHITECT,
| WEST 341 STREET,
NEW YORK,
December 22; 1905.
Dear Mrs. Edison:-
. If it is your wish that these gifts of memorial
amounting to $557.55 which have been ordered for the Church at
your request, shell be paid for now as in several other instances
where I have gone shead in the matter to carry out the personal
wishes of those who have made memorial gifts, kindly let me have a
check for the amount payable to the Treasurer, thas making the gift |
more pEEecRet: I make this as a suggestion~ merely as I am desirous
of having these. details. carried out according | to the wishes of
those most duiterested . All of these memor Lal. s have been ane or
less attended ‘to by. me: without any formal action of the Comittee,
I: trust you will appreciate the spirit of ny suggest~
ion. es . |
Baie oy .. Very eincerely oe
Wace lah Re ARN 3 Ss
ta net lee coer acimnmy «acme mmammanantaani caine atm Hanah an tat Rent A nh neat a en ne A A Ng eo ‘ = 6 easing vans a aT
eet anaes eee
f
H
5
eaichins antes 3
[ENCLOSURE]
WILBUR S.KNOWLES,
t ARCHITECT. -
| WEST 3414 STREET,
NEW YORK.
Memorsndum of items ordered for the Church. As Memorials according
to the wishes of Mrs. T. A. Edison; as follows:
lewis Miller Memorial
Pulpit
Eneeling Cushion & Bible Cushion
Table Cover and Pulpit Mats
Pulpit Bible .
Qne Hymal & one Ritual
Inscription Plate for Pulpit
Jane Miller Marvin Memorial
' Six Collection Plates
Six Inscriptions
$475 .00
5.00
10.60
18.00
3.75
3.50
Ghre eocer sew ag yor
wees
Sean Ms Edieons Fuek now - Beton
Re mecianent’ <P Bristinas and
Ge Rappereod oF eu Sears FF
fave Bean (Benkeung Of mmany
phoasant Wengs and epeerar ey
of Fa’ a fee ca Oekigh fF
wRed & spent wert? for. and
te. Eacsonm. thie Bacher sous
ey ee
ey 7e88 coteRed 6 yore
Bore foe Ee comeng TZ
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Pad , _ doumd Beac®: Chan.
ere hy te. aoRng Booed Fe. 19 Laan
Gi . RY. : Z :
Bee Aus Gr boo -Roe8 Shar | Pee Mus. Eroon, We at Be
BNF $7.
29 SH perp woe Sacr Onange for 4Free,
whay Gis'es gs pane
REA pea, Satreye ort fowr Pano af Gu eB 25
CrBIOS ARE: ped ote, . “ = s
Picea ey i ;
We 20 graaty Repe ‘fiat
es we mey ced wow Anr ©
| syouse good Busbana. 7
Zonk ‘Henk F ever enjoyed
| any Sidag mere ‘ian Be
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a yout Mome ana #
S eatina Seow se aa some
ah a Ss st ener aenntpmcdi ina ip
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TAP) SROs? Ernvod
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sMWARED othe Sno. TU Saber
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ADDRESS ALI. COMMUNICATIONS TO THE COMPANY
THE DIAMOND Matcu Co.
iil BRoADWAY
NEW YORK
April 19th, 1906.
Mrs. Thomas A. Edison,
Glen Mount,
Orange, N. J.
Dear Mrs. Edison: ~
We have a letter from your sister, Mary E. Miller, written
on the 17th inst., stating that you had not received your last dividend
checks from this Company.
These checks were mailed you on the night of March 15th, in
envelopes showing our return card on the corner. They have not been
returned to this office, and we think the postal euthorities at Orange
should be able to find them.
We are taking it for granted that the stock in the name of
Mina M. Edison and Mrs. Thomas A. Edison are for yourself. Kindly
advise us after search has been made in the Orange Pp. 0., as to
whether you receive the lettergfand if they do not reach you we will
stop payment on the original checks and issue new ones to take their
places.
Can we suggest to you that you have the certificates in
one of your names transferred to the other, so as to consolidate
your account on our stock ledger? It would be quite a convenience for
us as well as yourself. |
With kindest regards of the writer,
Yours truly,
The Diamond Match Co.
ay AUC Foi i, cadens :
Bete
ADDRESS ALL COMMUNICATIONS TO THE COMPANY E N BNR
*
Aa
nS Sth, 1906.
111 BROADWAY
TuE DIAMOND Marcu Co. \
NEW YORE a
“PEL
ee
Ss
Mary E. Miller, os i
Oak Place, ce N NX (y
Akron, Ohio. a so =
Dear Madam: - . g
We are in receipt: of a letter dated June ce signed by
Mrs. Thomas A. Edison, requesting that we combine the warrants for Irs.
Thomes A. Edison and Mary V. Miller's stock. If the new stock is to be
issued in the name of Mary V. Miller, it will be in order to have Mrs.
Edison assign the rights to subscribe on the back of the warrants which
we are enclosing, which read in the name of Mina M. Edison, the warrants
then, of Mina M. Edison accompanied by the warrants in the name of Mrs.
Mary V. Miller, should be returned to this office, accompanied with
check for $420.00 which is payment for 4- 2/15th shares of the new atk
so as to reach this office on or before June 15th. The warrant for
10/15ths of a share, which Mrs. Edison received, was for stock which
stands on our books in the name of Mra. Thomas.A..Edison,..and she. had.
not signified under that name her intention to subscribe for her share
of the new stock under the ten shares which stood in the name of Mrs.
Thomas A, Edison, - hence we mailed to her the warrant, supposing that
she wished to dispose of her rights to subscribe for 2/3rds of a shere
of the new stock.
We note that Mrs. Edison wishes future dividend checks and
all communications sent to Mary E. Miller, and wish to inquire whether
this is to include the dividends on 53 shares which stand in the neme of
Mrs. Thomas A. Edison and Mina M. Edison. We wrote Mrs. Edison recently
M.E.M. #2 | June 6, 1906
about her having two accounts on our books, and suggested a way for her
to combine them into one account, if agreeable to her, but heve not as
yet had a reply to our letter.
Yours truly,
The Diamond Match Co.
wy AVF ele os
Secr¢tary.
Seale hit ROMER EROERRTT TG PSE ET
| Hine
Wo fb fob , (02 Sects,
fllKd 7. #. Eire |
ioe ot Saison. Ske
One ‘aay « eoBen woe Roe eoteo op 13 wigerds eae. :
ane eocne
oe (or? ustfe, pote Beerw fipy But Paid:
(Rep Cy 3 ~mneeorrl!
Wow Feried Bdie Bes4- accom pCR ment ‘ook:
eer - tte Appears
Serer’ Be's Found a wou overcome e
Buetion , aE see Te
: he Rave RO focoe of facing Gung eee
ee growing Bem, : :
& a Rao 4B, sternge | Weut’s Bcd Baieny
rae 2 Bin”
suet Boot wiskes :
ae 7 Heinys Peerage
Fiowside Conn.
(Ra ger.
E. F. BONAVENTURE
Art Rooms
6 WEST 88D STREET
Opposite THE WALOORF
New York
PARIS, 66 Rue Spontini
De Foe, Robinson Crusoe, 2 vols.
Cervantes, Don Quixote, 3 vols.
New York, March 14, 1907.
Lesage, Gil Blas, 2 vols.
IT am, dear madam,
Yours respectfully, .
£5. onmniciac gt coe ce
fares Fort Myers, Florida.
‘ Dear Madam: =
I beg to acknowledge receipt
of your favor of recent date and take
pleasure to send vou the information
you desire.
2 The Novels of the Roscoe set are:~
Sterne, Tristram Shandy, Sentimental
Journey, 2 vols.
Oliver Goldsmith, The Vicar of Wake-
field and Sir Launcelot Greaves, 1 vol.
H. Fielding, Jos@ph Andrews, Tom Jones
and Amelia, 5 vols.
g. Smollett, Peregrine Pickle, Hum-
phrey Clinker, Roderick Random, 4 vols.
rh
ee nn Ve
EEN re f f)
E, F. BONAVENTURE
Act Rooms
8 WEST 88D STREET
Opposite THE WatooRF
NEW YORK
Paris, 66 Rue Spontint:
Roscoe's Novelist's Library
19 volumes, $175.00
William Shakespeare, The Plays
and Poems. 12 volunes. $145.00
Maxims of De Ia Rochefoucault $ 8.50
Mad. de Sevigné, Letters. #$ 25.00
Sevigné and her Contemporaries
2 vols. $ 60.00
St. Simon, The Memoirs.
2 vols. , $65.00
DARE
ee
i:
Dette Se Ni re
-_ — Ihaeck, 2), (20
tay Doant es
pee Be fire, fonnn 7 atk ZL nok
pam pis clad AE fn
: a eye Cress pe on :
i
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a . rey
LS bicen be “Ly ee tedater of, Loew (2 ee a” Le
Gp wiley BOO eee Se lags
fol an fi aegyate he Gta ~ Jeeee LA vd aes ag :
Wet“ Fan Fog ite Corin AT LNG fren ren ee eet
te Sine Cale hom torts p. ctep anh Fae a
~
ADDRESS ALL BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS TO ERNEST W. BOWDITCH.
by ywrsl WW Boruditeh,
TEL. MAIN 1464,
GN. DBenoyshive Ds Botton:
“Lelophe hone Ce mneltans
Cable address Ooncibour Dictated by E.WeB.
QO. W. PRATT, A. & CABBIOY,
F. M, HERSEY, @. M. JACK,
BOSTON, Mass.,26 July, 1907.
Mrs.Thomas A.Edison,
Glenmont,
Llewé1iyn Park
Orange, “hes Je,
Dear Mrs.Edison:~
I have your favor of July 23rd, vated whether I can
come +0 see your place and advise with you concerning certain
out-door work and would say I shall be very glad to be of
assistance to you and suggest that the fact that I sometimes
make large places like Mrs,Thompson's, or Tuxedo Park, or work
for the Havemeyers and Colgates does not meen that I have
nothing else. On the contrary, we have a great many moderate. .
sized and small places, some of them even of half en, acre and,
in point of fact, the moderate. : sized places aré usually mora
creditable to the office than many of the larger ngs, because :
they are more apt ta be carried out in detail and kept in
order after being completed than are the larger ones because
the large estates are very expensive to maintain and their .
owners are apt to tire of the work before it is all idonete
Mrs.Thompson, at Canendaigua, was an exception to
the general rule and while some.of the things that have been
done there have been carried out without consulting me ‘ahd
would, on general principles, be against my judgment, the, j
total net ragult is very pl easing and, inobdsitally, | Mra» |
Thompson is much more comfortable to get. along with as & cuss
tomer than nine tenths of the pe us for whom I work.
Mrs.TeAH., 2nde,
. T am going off tomorrow morning for a short rest and
intended to be away during most of August but if your wishes
are that I should come to Orange before the fifth of August,
I will be glad to make my engagements to suit yours, only if
you can do so, conveniently, pleasé let me have a few days in
which to kick up my heels and make believe I am a boy again.
If you will, kindly say when you wish to see me, I
uit try and be there.
My charges would be Pitty dollars ($50.00) a day
and travelling expenses to and from Boston.
Yours very truly,
Ag et eae a Pal oer A) oo ae ge
“y
Glen mont”
Allen and Collens,
Architects.
Francis Richmond Allen 6 Beacon Street, Boston,
Charles Collens 1170 Broadway, New York.
r Associates
' J. Lawrence Berry
\ i Louis E. Jallade
SOS | (°) <-> 7 | voy
Mrs. Thos. A. Edison,
Glenmont, Llewellyn Park, Orange, N.dJ.
My dear Mrs, Edison:— ,
I am sending you today with this a revised first floor plan for
the house, such as we talked over when I saw you last. These plans
are colored in two shades of a yellow-brown, one Siving the new parts
and the lighter color showing the present walls, <A fine red line
in two places shows the present outline of the house.
i From this you will notice,to begin with the kitchen, that it
; has a draught through it from side to side, and a draught also blowing
into the two front windows Will pass out through the ventilators in
the skylight overhead, so that the room will be very comfortable ‘at
any time of the year.
We have enlarged the Butler's Pantry a trifle and have arranged
& screen, so that the swinging door from the dining room never discloses \
any view of the pantry itseif.
A large refrigerator is arranged to have the ice put in from
the outside and opens directly into the kitchen, as did Mrs, Marvin's,
and the general effect of the interior of that room will be 11ke
Mrs. Marvin's kitchen.
We have arranged a skylight over the hall, which will also give
light into the kitchen pantry, while the large room for dry stores
would have to depend on electric light.
pie NB EE ne
Allen and Collens,
Architects.
Francis Richmond Allen 6 Beacon Street, Boston.
Charles Collens 1170 Broadway, New York.
Associates
J. Lawrence Berry
Louis E. Jallade
(Mes. T. A.D.) | ee etre NOs. SENG css 190 7
The servants hall we have also enlarged and we have kept the
present entry from the back stairs through to the outside of the house
between the servants! hall and the laundry, .
We have arranged a place for a clothes dryer opening into the
laundry, so that on rainy days the clothing can be dried on forms
in that room.
The plan shows the enlarged library also with the alcove at the
end.
Apart from this the first story is left untouched, except for the
music room and a passage way from the present dining room to it.
We have shown also the doors from that passage way to a platform
and steps out of doors.
The second story plan embodies the changes of which we talked,
and we have shut off the bed room over the present dining room from
the sitting room as suggested, and have placed the two windows either
side of the fireplace in the sitting voom. The smail closet out of the
sitting room has been taken away, the door closed up, and thrown into
the linen closet enlarging that room, into which a window has been
placed to give it light and air. This window opens out of doors.
In place of the small closet which the sitting room loses we have.
put in a large closet out of the present bath room, and have changed
the present partition of that bath room about 3'.0" so as to get
a window out of doors in it. ‘he main changes there are the dressing
room and bath room out of the bed room over the dining room. Please let
Allen and Collens,
Architects.
Francis Richmond Allen 6 Beacon Street, Boston.
, Charles Collens 1170 Broadway, New York,
Associates
J. Lawrence Berry
Louis E. Jallade
(Mrs. T. A. B.) (By Nove BOM cue igo?
me know what you think of this.
These plans show also the present roof line and the new roof
over the kitchen and hall below, as well as the skylights and
ventilators in the kitchen and in the hall way.
We would like to hear from you as soon as you have looked
thése over, and also to hear from you regarding the music room,
so that we may be able, if this is satisfactory, to make the details,
and have plenty of time to find out what the expenses will be of any
alterations in good season before you have to go away.
Ie this is not what you want we will change it to agree with your
wishes.
Very sincerely yours
(Dict. F.R.A.)
en a ns am
Bo Ace Me
I f)
| TAE - Mtn2
ADOLPH VOGEL
CARPENTER
siioamsecaks Wist ORANGE, N.3.,..E D7. Daman 90 7
COR. PARK & ASHLEE AVES,
ADOLPH VOGEL
CARPENTER
BUILDER WEST ORANGE, Nv op ovvooosoooosesereoseormsssere 190
COR. aa i oe AVES,
‘onnection
he Wee Lae. = A a ing Lb
Be,
—
OFFERS FROM STOCK AAE MADE SUBJECT TO PRION BALE, AND ALL QUOTATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE, CONTRACTS MADE CONTINGENT UPON ACCIDENTS, STRIKES
ANO OTHER CAUSES BEYOND OUR CONTROL, SHIPMENTS MADE AT RUSK OF PURCHASER, WEIGHTS NAMED ARE ONLY APPROXIMATE, NU AGREEMENT RECOGNIZED UNLESS IN WRITING,
RAILROAD COMPANY'S ON STEAMERS' RECEIPT FOR MENCHANDISE IN GUOD ORDER CONSTITUTES OCLIVERY AFTER WHICH OUR ACSPONSIENITY CEASES. ORDERS TAXEN DY REPRESENTAs
TIVES ARE BUOJECT TO ACCEPTANCE OF THE NEW YURK OFFICE, :
: | ith N pol Company
; ng Oy. ZZ.
ColiAllashe Meaniefedllivets yf
Hibedtiwi? Sudlidliial NterrenpandMenditd Gauge’
FORE Su dh 18.507
7 gt
AB OCledLe4 Vetiver
StretleMariileie
biyides Bu tcecyy Mealentlh .
wate cverncreOllelorle ss Cold
0-0 BwadLbwely
Kiyttione Connection
v Viol Nov. 19, 1907.
,
AE pa 961
Ridhementidvittinerite-
Myoargfidy
Edison Chemical Works,
Silver Lake, N. J.
Gentlemen: -
We are in receipt of your favor of the 19th inst. contents of
which have been carefully noted and for which we thank you. In reply |
we veg to hand you enclosed our blueprint P.U.13 showing a turntable
which is especially designed for use in automobile factories and garages,
and which can be embedded in cement, concrete or wooden floors, This
table will turn with the utmost ease, being mounted on wheels and axles,
the wheels running on a Tee beam and the axle is connected with the
central pivot as shown in blueprint,
The turntable can be delivered either as a skeleton turntable,
i.e. we can deliver the structural steel parts only and its weiglt would
be in this case 2800 lbs., our price DOL Ngenn ane enna nnn nen nnn nn$165, 00
(one hundred sixty five dollars) for same, for a turntable of 14' diameter
and a capacity of about 6 to 7 tons,
The turntable can also be provided with a 2" oak floor construc-
ted in sections part of which can be lifted out s0 that the working part
underneath the automobile are exposed to the workmen enabling them to-
’
a ea
?
|
|
B.C.W. #2 Q-21961.
work in a cut-out or pit, and the machinery of the automobile can be
easily overhauled, When this section of the floor is removed the car
stands on an incline which is fastened on the channel preventing it from
slipping while being under repairs. These removable sections also facil-~
itate washing the automobile and our price for same, for a table with oak
covering, having a weight of 3840 1b. Ismemeewewnn mmm men nnn nnn nnn ~%195.00
(one hundred ninety five dollars).
We also can provide the table with a 5/16" checkered plate
covering, also constructed in sections, with the same facilities as those
of the oak covering, weighing 4925 lbs., at the price Of srmmemecrnn $260.00
(two hundred sixty dollars) per turntable.
All the prices are understood f,o.b. cars our works Koppel, Pa,
and as far as delivery is concerned, we could make shipment in from seven
to eight weeks after receipt of order,
The offer is made subject to the conditions printed at the head
of this letter and terms of payment are thirty days, net cash, no discount
Trusting to be favored with your valued order which shall have
our prompt and careful attention, we beg to remain,
Yours very truly,
ARTHUR KO COMPANY
Manager,
a pee a ec
Se tere eerie
\
}
3
aoe wehbe seth aes ae Nc Se, toot
I 2
ADDRESS ALL BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS TO ERNEST Ww. BOWDITCH:
4a) Uf yy ; 7) :
O, west Ve Bbouoditeh, TEL, MAIN 1464,
COD vmpsthire D.Boston:
Tips Caneate
Bs gad Crucstle ie 7 Dictated by E.W.Be
D, W. PRATT. A. 8 CABBIOY,
F. M. HERSEY. G. M. JACK,
BOSTON ,Mass.,29 November, 1907.
Mrs.Thomas A.Hdison,
Glenmont, .
Llewellyn Park,
range, Nede,
Dear Madnna:- .
. I send you with this a supplementary blue print |
_ (Now2411-3) of the survey, with the names of the trees, as |
you requested, all of which I hope you will find clear.
T have been thinking over the question of your men
doing the work of changing the path, &., and while I do not
question their capability in any way, I should feel that if
they have regular work to do, the elimination of the path might
take a long time to accomplish, or else the regular work on
the estate might be neglected. I would not, however, try to
have them attend to other changes. I have an impression that
if, as I understood, you and Mr.Bdison are in the hebit of |
going to Florida,or elsewhere, for six weeks, beginning about
the middle of March and returning about May first, the entire
change of driveways and paths might be accomplished while you
are away, and without excessive cost.
T do not mean that all the walls wuld be built in
add it ion, though probably all foundations might be laid, but
the dirty work incidental to the driveways, which is unin-
terestirig, could be finished while you were away; then, at
such time thereafter, as you see fit,the plantations could be
|
Toe AONE aloes er ear
Mrs.T.AH., 2nd.,
overh auled, freshened up, and replaced and only the interest-
ing part of the work done while you and your husband are at
home. Half tho fun of building a country estate is seeing
things accomplished, without being aware of any of the dis-
sgrecdble details.
Tf the idea strikes you favorably, I will send Mr.
Dennis Driscoll, a contractor, to Orange to look the premises
over and he can tell you at once whether such work can be well
attended to by contract or had best be attended to on a per=
- centage basis, as I suggested the other day. He is a most
excellent man to have dealings with.
The path that you think of chaneing does not re
quire to have any details prepared; the other portions of the
plan, however, would need further study, calculations and de«
tail drawings, none of which have been attempted.
In order that you may be fully aware of everything,
IT would say, you have authorized to date :
Two visits by E.W.B., at $50.00 each, .«-$100,00 ne Baad
expensese “
Survey at $10.00 per kore epg ee $142.00 plus
in addition to whieh T I have prepared a tentative sketch show-
ing changes, and additions, which sketch you are now studying.
As a collateral matter, I would gay, Mr.Frahcis R.
Allen, Architect, called me over the 'phone to-day to ask a
question about work he is doing at Canandaigua and then wanted :
to know what I was doing for you. I replied, nothing as yet ||
ti aMeatmranOrectcEAae » ammennpeest DET
pers sa
Mre.T.AsE., 3rde,
but making drawings and he said he had been doing the same;
that he had sent plans to Llewellyn Park but had received no
reply. He intends, the next time he is in New York, perhaps
next week, to go to Orange and see what has been decided. Of
course I might have told him his plans were not being used but
I dislike to mix up in other people's affairs and, therefore,
said nothing. Perhaps if you wrote him to the effect that you
had not used his drawings and did not intend to do so, it
might save him some traible and possifly an awkward situa-
tion. 7
Yours very truly,
i
—
dias, 3 Basie
Kalwant hitter | |,
Chartestt Wacker que WaoTROATT ES,
- The Northwestern Mutual Life
Charles D. Norton.de
Chieaga and Northern
rat Agent, eS we . .
=" Tasurance Gompany
Ses ions Pa
wt Oates, ManayerNes ork department,
Franklin Mann, Statistician,
CGEunod, Feld Superintendent,
Telephone TLMINSON Ondo, Chicago, Feb. 26, 1908.
The Rookery
Miss Lucy De: Bogue,
C/o Mrae Thomas A» Hiison,
Orange, Ne Je
Dear Madami=
In reply to your letter of the 23rd inst., with regard
to payment for Kreull etching sent Mr. Norton and received by him
some time in the middle of eDereuber, Z will permonalay follow this
matter up. The picture was received here in good Smee although
it did not bear Mr. Norton's correct name or address, end my under~
etending was that payment was made for the seme by Mrae Norton.
She is at present in Atlantic City, and it will be necessary for me
to correspond with her to ascertain the exact situation in this
regarde I will write you further as soon es I learn ue facts.
We
Very truly ae
8/¥F -P.
Calon abudcheo Kiaver Sramboak Tie
MENGE BROS., OWNERS.
THOS. A. EDISON, SUWANEE, NYANZA, ANAH C. AND MAY.
PLYING BETWEEN FORT MYERS AND ALL POINTS ON, THE CALOOSAHATCHEE AND ORANGE RIVERS.
J, F, MENGE, CONRAD MENGE.
CARRYING UNITED STATES MAIL, GOOD PASSENGER ACCOMMODATIONS,
Fort. My ents Hovidas ‘May 15 1908,
Mrs Thos A Ha4son,
East Orange, N J.
uy dear Mrs’ Edison:-
, I am mailing you under separate cover small box
containing two small shells species of the Spanish Fan, these. are the
first perfect ones I have ever seen, I was fortunate to secure four
of them. They were picked ‘up by a lady friend: on: the. Oaxaribas beach,
Il was glad to hear you arrived home safely, but wish yee, were here
now as: tha. carson 3 are pushhsrely, an would take iis but a few hours te
land one, ook
ast The weather here: ‘Is not yet: Hot one. udendae this
week it was 48” ‘degrees > at’ ‘is very ary now but! the an cations are
that we will ‘have rain’ seon,
.I nope yc ‘git here next! winter-wi11. ‘be longer
than your last. “andyour tip’ © California will be a success and Mr
‘Baisons! health’ wint continue ‘to improve, ie
tee
Pe Se Me 5a He ' Yours sincerely,
EGER Sat aE ghee
CO fare rner
DOMAPTMCME OF nnn ennsseessnereteenesnnnesenensens
Epworth League
of the
Orange Methodist Episcopal Church
Chapter 274
iirse Thos. A. Edison,
Llewellyn Park, W. 0.
My Dear lira. Hdisoni~
I am enclosing you a report of the Boys! Club:-
ae]
the short time that we were able to hold the Club in
“session was enough to prove that we have a large field to work and
that much good can be accomplished, The Boys' were very much in-
terested in the work and manifest much desire to start again this
fall, as I am continuelly asked when the Club will start again.
They enjoyed the drills and carpentering work and quite a number
used the Punching Bag and the Medicine Rall. We did not do much
work with the Dumb Bells.
% our closing session, which I am sorry was necessary to
hold while you were away, we had a very good attendance. Some of
the mothers being present. The program consisted of a drill, a
run and a few games with the Medicine Ball, The Girls' were invited
down ‘ Then we had a social time followed by refreshments which
some of the young ladies had provided. After the closing session
a Baseball Team was organized, The Boys' played very well and had
sone very interesting games, later it was necessary to disband as
SE
| Conner aes
+
~~
A)
Epworth BDeague
of the
Orange Methodist Episcopal Church
Chapter 274
Continued #2.
som of the Boys' went away and it was hard to get other teams to
play. :
Owing to extra work here at the Association it was impos-
sible for me to give the time I had anticipated to the Boys! in the
way of outings, although I exnect to give them an outing about the
middle of August, that is a trip to the mountains for a day and other
interesting features.
The Girls' seem to gat along very nicely with their work,
The were much interested in the Wand Drill that I gave them for
about five minutes after their class.
I would like to have an opportunity to talk over tha plans
for next fall, but in this letter will suggest a few things that I
think would be helpful: .
I think it would be wise to call a meeting of the three
men that I understand you have for the work, with yourself and talk
over thea work with them By taking Honorary Members at Fifty cents
a year it will give us a little extra fund to work upon.
I suppose it is your idea to continue carpeantering work,
and if so I would like to get a young man to guide that work along
with a carpenter, the same as I expect to have one young man to show
the boys the way to use the Punching Bag, Dumb Bells, etc., also one
CANON ERs RNS wot esataaed epg dyes
i
ee
Epworth League
of the
Orange Methodist Episcopal Church
Chapter 274
DOAPUMCNE Of evresssennersnnenssrsernsssnnnenanneen
Conti nusd #3.
young man to take care of the Secretary and Treasurers duties of the
Glub, whih brings wo another question, this I think would add very
much to the Club, In organizing this fall, I would suggest ‘the
following plan, that is that we organize wits tue following officers:
irs. Thos. A, Edis. President.
One of the gentlemen of the Church, Treasurer, i
Myself, if it is your desire for me to carry i
itk on tne work as General Secretary. © :
Aufocretary, who will assist me and practically
' attend to the Treasurers work, he to
Submit a report to the Treasurer whom we i
may name. |
My reanons for having the above officers is to add dignity ©.
to the Club, The Committees, I believe would be best in the hands
of the young men themselves.
The Boys! have been asking me ahout a Rasketball which I
think would be advisible,if possible to get this fall, Outside of
that I do not think it wise to get any more equipment for the pre-
Bent.
it
: : H
? |
I am also enclosing a Treasurers! report, |
i
{
i
!
Very sincerely yours, ) ;
[ENCLOSURE]
July 14th, 1908.
Treasurers! repa t of the Boys! Club,
Disbursements:
$4,25
Printing Tickets.
Medicine Bali. 4,00
Punching Bag,yand ;
fintures. 4,90
Express. 1.20
Dumb Bellis. 2.50
Glas Be ‘ «50
: Refreshments. +40
{ Fostals, 90
Hrs. 25
|
|
Recgipts.
: . Mr, Miller. $13.00
| ' Menbers, for Dues, 54 25"
LO. 20
| ; Io did no collect the dues from alll the boys as it was hard for
‘me to follow them up and get the money, put I have the account so
that I can collect fron these who start with us azain next fall,
; Regarding the amount paid out for glass, Mr. Vaughn coma ined of
i one of the boys! breaking the glass in the basemnt window. I was
| unable to find the boy so I thought I would pay the amount in order t
iE . to avoid any discussion on the natter,.
4 Memte rs'on Roll (Boys!) 50, Average Attendance. 30.
i Members on Roli (Girls!) 12, Average Attendance 8.
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GEORGE R, BOYCE
ELECTRICIAN
295 MAIN STREET, ORANGE, N. J.
MEDICAL BATTERIES SOLD, RENTED AND REPAIRED
MOTORS GAS LIGHTING TELEPHONES
ELECTRIC BELLS INCANDESCENT LIGHTING BURGLAR ALARMS
Vas y= :
ORANGE A
Rs ne ORANGE, N. J.,... must. 4th... :
TELerHone 74
Mrs. Thomas A. ldison i
' Dear Madam,-
I will rewire the following electric lights in .
accordance with the present miles of National Board Of Fire Underwriters
for the swn of $114.00 .
rete)
Parlor & Outlets 45 Lights 4 Switches
" 2 New floor receptacles,
Ree. Room i Center Outfit 18 Lights 2 Switches .§.._..._.
tt tt 2 Outlets on mantel 6 Lights,
The above does not incinde repairing or rewiring of fixtures.
Iwill rewire stable including new fixtures where necessary and
Inspectors fee for the sun of fo0.0e
0
20 Outlets 22 Lights ¢ Switches,
Yours truly,
°
a,
fo Mf if) 7 :
Ege GD Borodieh, ;
: 60 Devonshire Le Bastar (Dictated by KB. W. B.) :
Teliphon e Connection: i
cape a 5
Guthle addrods Conedbow,
TEL. MAIN 1464,
D. W. PRATT. A, 8, CASSIDY,
F. M, HERSEY. G, M. JACK. Bost on, Mass., September av ’ 1909.
Mrs. Thomas A. Edison, —
Glenmont, Llewellyn Park,
_ Orange, N. Je
Dear Mrs. Edison: ;
I om sending you today the sample tile to which I referred
yesterday in our conversation as being very fine to use as a@ surfane .
to walk upon, though not so good for ladies’ dresses. This is
guaranteed by the makers to bear the freezing and thawing of our
winters without falling to pieces, which happens to all other makes
of tiles with which I am familiar, if they are on an uncovered ter-
race or piazza. . ,
When Mr. Knowles sends we the blue print of his sketch
for the new door for the house, will you kindly send me at the
same time, if you have such a thing, a photograph of the house as it
will look from the farther end of the garden. I think in that way
sean wake @ plan look much more interesting und clear than without |
it.
Yours very truly,
Liga Bombo
ADDRESS ALL BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS TO ERNEST W. BOW DITCH.
petra aes Se ete ae i td oho DERN A as oe Nr hoe
- : 7 i yee
(0 SUS VY , ee 77 :
Cringe Bpoudtleh, (Dictated by E. W. B.)
60 DLevanshire Dt, Boson: ‘
BOW DITCH.
ADDRESS ALL BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS TO ERNEST Ww.
Ponts ti ‘i
nhl wdldlvoss Crucbau:
D, W. PRATT. A. & CASSIDY,
F. M. HERSEY, G. M. JACK,
TEL. MAIN 1464,
eliphone Caunurelion:
Boston, Mass., October 6, 1909.
Mrs. Thomas Edison,
Glenmont, Llewellyn Perk,
Orange, N. J.
Dear Mrs. Edison:
I have your favor of October 4th, and would say
that Sketch "B" seems to me the better of the two, though
neither of them are just exactly whet I should advise; and
perhaps that could not be expected, because no two people
would have precisely the sare ideas.
I would like to build the fountain into the side
‘of the house, asa sort of: an exedre,, which would naturally
come midway between the windows or occupy all the space be-
tween the windows. Then have the path and the platform centre
on thet. The projet which I have made up-- and which I
regret is not finished. though I expected it to be lagt week-~-
is coming out, I think, very pleasantly. The central feature
T would like to make the fountain in the houge, and at the
other end, perhaps the bench underneath the weeping Cherry,
Tree, 7
' I note what you say in regard to the tiles, and the
fact that they are brittle is of no moment, because anything
of that kind would be set in a concrete foundation and would
hot break underfoot. And the color is mich stiperior to the
red tile, yerticularly if you have a. border ‘of red brick laid
on edge, which is what I had in mind. I think the steps you |
are going to build at the house. also would be more attractive
Mrs. Edison.
aD
if built of brick rather than anything else.
If you decide to put in red tiles for the walk, or
for the platform for that matter, I would suggest that you
get the dealer, whoever he may be, to guarantee that they will
stand the weather. My impression is, that there are. no tiles
wade in this country that will bear our winter climate except
the one I sent you and the one that is made at Fast Everett,
Mass. , Which is not so rough and is more the color of brick;
but of this I em not sure, and of course the climate at
Llewellyn Park is much milder than at Boston. They have used
the Akron Tile in various places on Long Island, and I think,
except where there is @ roof over the tiling, they have in
every case flaked off with the frost.
Yours very truly,
Zoseen Ag [Serb AE
pote he et te ees
Wee fe eS ott AE
BOW DITCH.
ADDRESS ALL BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS TO ERNEST W.
LO OLfl “4 ;
COAT Yi fs SETA 2
COD rvnwstirr . Y, Boston,
D. W. PRATT, A, , CASSIDY.
F. M. HERSEY, . G. M. JACK.
ae e TEL, MAIN 1464,
eb iheliad Utila (Dictated by B. Ws B.)
Cable addooss Cruclbew,
Boston, Mass., October 13, 1909,
Mrs. Thomas A, Edison,
Glenmont, Llewellyn Park,
Sm ' Orange, N. J
Dear Mrs. Edison: eet :
¥ have your favor of Qctober 7th, received whilé I
' was away from the City, and J send by seperate parcel « drawing
I would suggest for your garden next the house, There are three
Sheets of drawings, Nos, 2418-5, 2418-6, 2418-7-- referring to
the gendral plat for the house, td the pavetents suggested at
the house entrance, elevation at the hétise, and a crayon drawing
{No. 2418-4) showing what I would advise for the birds’ bath end
wall fountain.
The treatment is perhaps sarewhat more comprehensive
than you had in mind, but I think if. it is carried out it can-
not fail to be pleasing in every way. The walks should be either
tile, brick or randum flag; the wall, brick with a cement cap;
the birds’ bath either in marble or cement, and the seats of
hard wood. |
You will notice that the gable of the house which you
depired-to cover more then it is now’ covered has been treated
somewhat differently thyn you and I expected when I had the talk,
with yous and this is due to the fact that our path came so near
the house that I could not conceal it satisfuotorily. It seemed
to me, therefore, that it we acknowledged its prepence plainly,
and then wade perhaps a wire archway and covered it with olimb-
_ ing roses or clematis, the result would be happier then if we
ie a
Be IW ia re Ba We es tt
wey i mo
' work should be done, and hire everybody else-~- or have you hire
La I EES RESIS YE SEE
Mrs. Edison. oes
endeavored to cover it and did not succeed.
The weeping cherry tree wili be in the midst of the
garden, and while the trunk of the tree is mt exactly centered
on the middle of the walk, it is near enough to the centre so
that it will not be noticed except possibly in mid-winter, when
the leaves are off.
If you decide to have tile walks, have brick. edgings;
or if the tiles are more expensive than you think. they will be,
take two bricks and lay them flet on a concrete base, and have
them put together in what they call “basket fashion," when the
result is almost as pleasing as the tiles would be.
Tf what I have draw for you is not perfectly clear,
I will try again. Meanwhile if you like it, Fcan send a men
on who will do it all for you end finish it this autum, except
the. plenting, which of course ought not to go in before next
seasons : ;
; The only element about which I tere doubt is the supply
pipe and the waste pipe from the fountains, f do not know where
your water pipes may be on the premises, neither do I know where
we could run thé overflow; but that is a matter that noed not
at this time bother w', because the trenching necessary would be
éasily-dones :: The wrought iron gates, too, would be easily at-
tended to, and I have not ad yet drawn the details of those, pre-
ferring to’ wait until you see if the general project is pleasing.
My thought would be to send three or four men from
here, who know how the brick work, the tile work and the fountain
them-- at Orange. I return also the photograph you so kindly
sent me. y. oe ae oe
ve 8 ’ 5 NM /y mf /
Be aN eh ee I ce il WL
1 ro
i
ae ee
(eserea! from 7
Ce: Bl Se a eet
| Leaonn aoe Vol lacie 9 ee
ADDRESS ALL BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS TO ERNEST W. BOWDITCH.
q brent”
“ West. WY Powel 4
CO Devonshire L Baston: -
O. W. PRATT. . A. 8, CASSIDY,
F, M, HERSEY, G. M. JACK.
TEL, MAIN 1464,
Teloptlosin Cnviurectivnr (Dictated by E. W. B.)
oat h
Cible ubdects Conesbow,
Boston, Mass., October 26, 1909,
Mrs. Thomas Edison, ,
Llewellyn Park,
Orange, N. J.
Dear Mrs. Edison:
In the matter of the cost of your proposed work, I have
been talking with our Contractor, Mr, Driscoll, and the two men
whom I want to have him send would cost $7.00 per day and trans-
portation and $5.50 per day and transportation, respectively. Any
laborers which he furnished would cost 25¢ an hour, he furnishing
the tools. If he furnished tools to your men, or men whor. you
hired, he would charge 157 above cost; or, as the saying is, 1%
on the pay-roll to cover the depreciation and loss of tools, and
protection for himself on the general insurance policy that they
all have to carry-- to protect not only themselves but their cus-
tomers.
I have this morning been over and looked at some sample
bricks and tiles for the walk and walls, and find I can get every-
thing except the tiles delivered at the Erie freight yard at West
Orange from Western Pennsylvania or Ohio without serious delay;
and I think there would be no difficulty whatever in putting dom
the walks and the walls, as well ag the supply and waste pipes from
the fountain, before the first of January. |
The total cost is a little difficult to estimate, be-
cause you ure proposing to use your men and I have no knowledge as
to how mach work your men can be made to do. I would say, however,
that with men from here the materials and the putting together
pie i a NS
1
Serer ee
i
eb et cre oe We ees
Mrs. Edi'son. ;
ought not to cost in excess of $2,000-- that.to cover everything
“excapt the professional fees of the Engineer. Now, to give lines
and, grades, end see thas, the work is carried to those lines and
ecudes, I should want one of my young men to be there as sort of
clerk of the works, and for him I should charge you about $225
per month for this kind of work-- plus his necessary expenses, which
would mean his travelling expenses, any necessury telegrams con-
nected with the work, board bill, ete,
T think your suggestion of hiring all except the two
best mechanics at Orange is perhaps a good one, if you know you
can get good mechanics, though of course it. will be more or 1ess
of a mrisance looking after and paying them.
Also, I have figured on putting in the concrete founda- .
tions-at the current rate for Portland Cement, which you probably
can reduce quite alittle. We shall have to have two-- possibly
more-~ catch basins, for taking care of the surface water that,
will fall on our tile walk, and these mist be graded very careful-
ly otherwise we shall have water settling at various spots, which
would not be nice.
Tf you think what I have outlined for you sounds reason-
able, suppose you let me know this week; and if you can decide with-
in two, days, I will try and have men there ready to begin work next
Monday. The only question I have any serious doubt about is the
condition of the second-hand flagging you have on hatd-- not only
as, regards its condition, but whether there is enough of it, itt
we. should find it necessary to add to the quantity it might be
difficult to duplicate the color, and while I should want. to use
everything you have on hand, any supplemental would better be used
eee eee eee eee, PC EENC ME eae
Mrs. Edison
~ 3.
on one part of the work and not be distributed throughout,
Yours very truly,
Bia Hy Cacti
gif ae oy fo TUT tte ieee rermeern nannea a — PepHe abs a paola Sad eee as pear ; ie
@) SULf Sj . : jf?
Osnesl W . CEE
60. Brvonstive DT) Byshorr: (Di ctated by i ° W. B )
77 y
Selofhon “Cennerlion:
“ty .
Cuble address Oonrlbow,
TEL. MAIN 1464,
74
(ADE See
ee eae ‘a crasicds Boston, Mass., October 30, 1909. i
” irs. Thomas ‘Fdison, _ i
Glenmont, Llewellyn Park, :
Orange, N. J. |
Dear Mrs. Edison: i
T send you with this the planting list and plan that I
would suggest for the garden at Llewellyn Park.. I would say that
the cost of plants within the wells will be wbout $450, et the :
nurseries, und for those outside the walls $150 more; that is, .
$600 for everything, et the nurseries. I think it very possible
that we may get a lower figure than that by irying a little, but -
that is the best I can do by simply working, over the wholesale
catalogues of the most reliuhle firms that are in the immediate —
neighborhood of New York, and from which it would be better to pur-
chase than to go farther off und perhaps lose a considerable amount
by delay in transportation. ,
I trust you will find everything cleur, and would say
that if the list appeals to you as & reasonable one I would place
the order for it this autumn, and not wait until next year: because
by giving it out before the end of the year you get the first choice
from the nurseries, vhereas if we wait until spring we shall be
obliged to take what is left. :
So Yours very truly, '
: (Enclosure) . Breck, Pv [brent . or
ADDRESS ALL BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS TO ERNEST W. BOWDITCH.
i
a hee is Net eis SLY
v N - oe
ADDRESS ALL BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS TO ERNEST W. BOWDITCH.
,
Uf Vy 4 a ee : am Sot
Coat a MP ainitPde soe \ ee
60. Bevowitire St, Boston: ‘ ( Dictated by E. OW. B. ) i.
Telephone Guinebiont? :
Cable addredt Oonebome . : Z
7 Boston, Mass., January 26, 1910.
OD. W. PRATT. * A, 8 CASSIDY,
re "YWirs. Thomas “Ay "Edison,
Glemmont, Llewellyn Park,
Orange, N. J.
Dear Mrs. Edison:
I was not brilliant yesterday or I should heve suggested
what, occurred to me after I left Orange-- in fact, after I left
New York. | |
You have an impression that the paths as indicated on
my drawing are not what you want; that.they are too formal, and '
perhaps that there is too much path. I think you are mistaken,
and fear that the area you desire to improve is so contracted that
if paths are located as you explained to me yesterday (which
preject I shall be very glad to work up for you) it would be dis-
appointing in its results on the ground, however much you might.
like the drawing. Now what I suggest is this:
The planting plan, which was made up for you some time
since for the garden and of Which you already have the detail
plans and lists, was estimated to cost $600. This was exclusive
of the preparation of the beds and any possible grading that might ft
be desirable-- though perhaps not necessary-- and the freight on
the plants from the nurseries, together with the cost of setting
ther. out. , é “4 :
Suppose the plan you now have be carried out, omitting |
paths and walls; that is to say, have grass paths and novwalls at i
all-- simply the planting. Grass paths can be used for one year
perfectly well, particularly if you are going to be in Europe for
Be yee Ae Wil ke a) Se
dati yee EERE SE brea He. | cea
Mrs. Edison. ‘
a portion of the time. You can see then by actual use and by. your
eye whether the paths are too broad, and whether they are.or are
not in the locations where you would like to have them. If you
find that some different arrangerent would be preferable, it is
easy enough to shift your planting another year, and there would
be no. permanent paths to bother with or cause expense. If you
rather like the result, all you will have to do will be to exca- :
vate your paths and put in a permanent foundation, either for flag- . a]
ging or brick, another season. . .
In this way you will lose no time, and you will not be
taking any chances regarding the appropriateness of the plan to
the ground in question.
If the plahts cost $600, as is estimated, an equal amount
should be allowed for freight bills and setting out, and this is
assuming the soil is suffici ently deep to furnish enough nourish-
ment. I think if you allow that amount, and your man has orders
to give the planter-- whoever he may be-- whatever additional loam
and manure may be needed, if any, to properly prepare the beds, the .
result cannot fail to be, pleasing and all dirty work can be attend-
ed to while you are away. _
Very re
te A re Meyer W ce ae ee oe a
ae ae i aes ie
7)
Epo WS Soret hoe
ADDRESS ALL BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS TO ERNEST W. BOWDITCH.
Oo OOLLK UG . A
eta, Wa Wowdileh SOP oy
CODvousthive. Ste Boston: (Dictated by EB. W. B.)
TelofihoneGennection: :
y
Cuble uddress Onebow:
TEL. MAIN 1464,
"0. W. PRATT. A, 8, CASBIDY,
F, M, HERSEY. G. M. JACK,
Boston, Mass., February 1, 1910.
Mrs. Thomas A, Edison,
“Fort: Myers, Fla,
Dear Mrs. Edison:
I am sending you with this four new projects for the
flower garden-- Nos. 2418-10-11-12 & 13. ‘These are any one of
them perfectly practicable, and would look well; but I confess to
a preference for the first project we made up, of which you already
have the drawing, and which, though perhaps a trifle more elaborate
than you think you, want, will not, I am very sure, }ook exces-
sive at Llewellyn Park, where the general scheme of the grounds
and the plantations is by no means simple, but decidedly rich
in effect. a
If you care for either of them, let me know which one
and I will make such arrangements as way be necessary to start the
work as soon as the weather permits.
Yours very truly,
(Zinfracings under separate cover)
(Fora No, 1, 123t-11-09)
UNDERWRITERS’ ASSOCIATION OF THE MIDDLE DEPARTMENT
816 WALNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA
Application No. /, 86 Lf
Oertificate for, Electricity
Certificate No. 99605 Philadelphia, Pa,
Total number of lamps in building Soh G. on SE
Dynamos, ..-.—saannnnnnnee ten Moths A hao. Low. SI
‘This certificate is granted under the following conditlons:—
That uo additions, alterations or repalre shall be made in the system of wires, lamps or any portion of the system of wires or appliances for conducti:tg,
creating or controlling tho electric current located In this building, until written notice has been given toaud written permission obtained from, this Assoclation,
It Is also understood and agreed that the Inspectors of this Association shal the privilege to inspect and examine at any time, the eystem here
approved, and thatthe Assoclation shall have the right to cancei thls cer: if oyditions are not adbered to,
-
NOTE.—This certificate cancels any previously issiéd, \
eee nane CBee meaner esaamannneaan Andamans annanaenae sananne SMe aoe eemaa ee doe sa Basted FAAAAS AAAI SAARAII I UA
Stave or New Jersey
Executive DerarTMENT
May 20, 1910.
Mrs, Thomas A, Edison, : ;
West Urange,
New Jersey. ” os l
Hy dear Madam: ~ “% :
The Governor directs me to notify you that there
will be a meeting of the'Washington's Crossing Commission,
of which you are a member for organization, in the Executive
Office, State Capitol, Trenton, on Friday next the twenty~-
seventh instant at two o'elock P.M,
It is earnestly requested that the members of the
Commission will make every effort to be present, that a quo-
rum be assured and a proper start be given to the enterprise. i
This Commission was appointed pursuant to Chapter |
33 of the Laws of 1910. : |
Yours very truly, i
1
Secretary to the Governor.
|
|
|
OFFICE OF
ne rh if “4 + +
Ghe Battle Gieck Sanitariuntr
BATTLE CREEK, MICHIGAN,
May 20, 1910,
I. NW. Millor,Socty,
c/o rs. Thos, Edison,
Orange, NJ.
Dour Sirs-
We trust you will pardon delay in
answering your favor of some days ago. Wo
have just received from our bcokkeepors a
statomont of the account of Hiss Mary Miller.
Tho first four bills aro the ones on
which 2/3 of the total bills rendered had boon
paid, Tho other 1/3 was not paid on account of
arrangemonts having been made that Mrs. Fdison
Would pay this portion of the account. The
balance due is $65.20, We trust Mrs. Edison
will favor us with early settlement of this
account. Mrs. Rdison will recall, I am sure,
the letter written her on December 31st,
by our Business Manager, Mr, Judd. We enclose
copy of this letter as vell as a copy of Mrs,
Edisonts letter written us on January 4th, in
answer.
Wo foel sure we have explained everything
to her satisfaction and that she will want to
sond us remittance to cover balance due on this
account.
Very truly,
TUR BATTIN CREEK SANITURIUMY
er he Cashiers
Dic. CRK-LLA.
Ence
\
ae ‘Six hundred and une Catbedenl Parkway
Ww
Dear Ms Wohl /
ne proterwliacol
5
wih
|
Seal
pea) fae rae: oe ad RA over Vaan
J Asay ;
Dee uy ~ (9/0 rte lyr 20 W219 x
Roath Woulleo- Vilhornre of nbn bbws
We vepnie with gow 00 7 om a abe of Wenge. Vite
steed, otha torre of, a peo
LY
ait
, wt
spor OE ye lay 7 oy yom
fy : ; wee ais - we" at Chi rvel. And = Fics a An a
ye ica he na hr tarnclafeutr cms br hohe yon tit
en | Leena Rein, tee hi, “Uno
par owe MAM One es MARE Giri,
-= pad fom 20 es mb :
Super oa ay,
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Wage “Ane |
FAMILY RECORDS SERIES
FINANCIAL RECORDS
These records consist of invoice books, expense statements, check
books, and other household and personal accounts. The following items:
have been selected: (1) an invoice book (1897-1906); (2) unbound expense
Statements (1898-1908); and (3) subscription books and pledge cards for
the Orange Methodist Episcopal Church (1902-1909).
The records not selected include checks, receipted bills, bills of lading,
and duplicate copies of statements. An extensive run of vouchers recording
the payment of individual bills and other expenditures by Mina Miller Edison
can be found in the archival record group, Glenmont Vouchers.
Invoice Book #3
This book, which covers the period August 1897-May 1906, is the third in a series of three
invoice books containing tissue copies of expense statements and other household accounts.
Payments to the Edison children are sometimes indicated. Included are charity, entertainment,
furniture, medical, and living expense accounts. Also included are copies of outgoing letters by
Mina Miller Edison and others.
Expense Statements
These unbound statements from the Harry F. Miller Collection cover the period May 1898-
March 1908, They contain summaries of monies paid out by Mina Miller Edison to various
household accounts. Included are charity, entertainment, furniture, medical, and living expense
accounts. Monies paid out to the Edison children are sometimes indicated.
Orange Methodist Episcopal Church
Subscription Books and Pledge Cards
These documents cover the years 1902-1907 and 1909. Included are a series of
subscription books used by Thomas A. Edison and other members of the Edison and Miller
families to record monthly contributions toward the construction of a new church building and the
payment of its mortgage. Also included are three pledge cards indicating proposed weekly
offerings by Mina Miller Edison and her children, Madeleine Edison and Charles Edison.
Family Records Series
Invoice Book #3
This book, which covers the period August 1897-May 1906, is the third
in a series of three invoice books containing tissue copies of expense
statements and other household accounts. Payments to the Edison children
are sometimes indicated. Included are charity, entertainment, furniture,
medical, and living expense accounts. Also included are copies of outgoing
letters by Mina Miller Edison and others. The spine is stamped "Invoices."
The book contains 1000 numbered pages; it has been used to page 87.
The three selected items are letters relating to Mina Edison's lost
diamond ring; to work being done on the Edison home in Fort Myers, Florida;
and to a loan made by Mina Edison to Ira and Cora Miller. The letters may be
difficult to read because of faint and spreading ink. The expense statements,
which duplicate the information in the unbound statements, have not been
selected.
eee ee eee ee
Ver og
5? froadwer, cow Tork, Auguas tthe, .oc2,
» Mallory, Bag...
Te PLUTO y
PANE, Tw
cs the venurn of Me. Riehter fran Orange « wert over the a
aud would advise tran Ure.
the tous of the ring in the pavers of Gren, #8 it may os
thet ut was Lost outside of tra houge, and may have Deen Foune Coy ; i
who ip waiting the udvertisement of the owner, Yea think this
sevice. pe tae beat thing to do at the present tino.
To-day we reoeived the following desoripiien of the cing trom
|
TAPS anys
It was purchased on Decarher 20th, 1269, “he diarnond was
ed
arouna verfeet white atona in a gix voint-gcld nounted, On the .
aside of the ring, .and Which can be seen witn a mannifying glass
Lg tie 7.286, with the Mffany stamp in the ring, also bearing
the tniciada M, & fT. B. on the inside of the ring.
Yours truly,
tinkerton's Kational Detective Agen.
py. Sanuel PR. Diehl,
ipt,
Q
\ Nees
2g
63
fd oe Lguniee
oda
are
rt wet” ace 5)
oY aa :
A net, 4, 1902,
H yo i yigqet ae .
. : 2. wane es y a t
F ,pstaasgwe |
en
oxived your letter tating that the jelizes have been
sent ‘och we have not revoived tei ky yeh. A tank has been shipped
tc pon wateh I truat you will So0h recedes dha Pink to be aliraght.
Now Mr, Btulpner I gran} ef vou bho to have considerable
wos: done 4a the house. T-soulg hike 4f yqp will see that the work ©
is done we}) atid as feadoriivla ag pqngiple. I have the carpenter! s
estimate also the iason's and papnter'a or I believe not the painters.
I shall write out Pylly to you the work I want done by each aarperter.
He understands I think his work very wall.
Tathroom out of the smell room upstairs.
‘te partitions run in small closes down stairs ai talked
tT wanttre door closed up betyess the dining room and
won edt oo, oT de not know as he understands Une? . ‘ want @
Qo fe ot “rom the room to the porch but To want 1 - 4¢ be ~nde Like
eccoing in the canter. ) Men tthe deurts doors wial: udase
Ng
6 Fh
¢
tos no bettom, swingin, out, like thia if i can craw it <
se wave overything rendy for the plumber. Tag nay
doors in the alcove but one siliding door if possi-
yt
te et
bie, aitn the transom ynich swings. The window vite geea in
the ‘com, tell him to put up quite high, 80 was sannd or sane
-.+;iture can be placed under it. I think it «uu be allright to
gcange ar tas ow TNE TS
Bo thang tad. f fa”
aa cs
evan ow dirs’ ti98
$ 7 sotie vey ot
etl work
oft Ab dob xiow
bita Sfew-enob et
tt oata etamtiao
vo Osu flava I
I absasayvobng otf
poms aT
BQ ah
lot
29
2
freer ect:
trod of gets se
Oo STAN at 47
OOD Hohe a ae
v ott ntty aid
flet wmooy art
Cao ed tess
14
Fee ee endow a door, such as I speak of ard lian a window
Vi gate ee tint, ahout like that on the stairs, oni. one that will
tedi bo oon cidmges, look out-Por wall space, clear glais not stadnéd.
1? Garpontor does not spaak of the shelves for the rew pantry. I
iwihth him about them, however , ‘perhaps you hetter wait with
ey until - cone lown, unless he remembers or understands about them.
Paet hee Lupbar.
new
puta in the bath, wash stand and seat in the/nathroom,
mokest oc 1 ngeaasany conneotions and piping Lox hot and cold water, prtbs
in sink in the pantry and fixes up the old plttioing, putting a2 in
cerfuct order, TI do not want a sink SAning dn new sink but good
‘tin or copper, I am sending down a naw refrigerator. Put thie
new one where the old one hoff wtandy, gnd put the old one out dn thd
latticed covered porch, havifig “ths plntbér meke nécessary bonribittons.
Please see to it Mr. Stulpné# that ML these things are dbne As
reagonable AS posnidze.
Painter.
ALL the cetlings tinted whitd ak the floors meade 1f
possible, the oolor of cherry, They ogn probably pe stained the
cnerry color, Tight aa possible. Doors and all wood work in beth
220m made white and algo the small room adjoining, excapting thy doprs.
Ligpsne room adjoining amall room printed white, also the amaj2 bed~
room, but the bed-room with the fire place keep in the game color -as
now the little upstairs hal) woodwork white, All the doora, excepting
‘he bethroows as stated, keep in the cherry aa now.
“own Stairs. .
Tdning room as now, as to the wood wiik, Livlig foun wood
h tnsnogqiae of
ita ifthw delist
Shame oil:
eds of Antec nt
»tebto toe ti9
qoo ‘to Kise 2"
stedW eno wer
seve beottsal
ot 208 exselt
abet,
MTA
-toloo yrreco
tictw obain HOG
MOOT mii qesS:
ent gud moor
Ctttl off wee
emootsitgd grit
s\n
Prk
ae
aga 00 woNare
44 eldanoaset
Ot , oldtes og
an \
r
i
i
ay
4
i
'
i
j
i
i
i
05
: #8. E, 8.
work white with the axception of the doors, window sashes and mantle
PACER: Stadrmay. Steps, cherv::, “orizontal sad} uhsrry, ~2-tieal
ralls white and post cherry. ipstadrs hall. woodwork white all doors
eatin: late bed rooms ag they are. |
‘am sending down some viite beds and aprings. Put one of
ther <5 lerge bed room, another in the small upstairs bedroom and the
other one in the small dow. stzirs bedroom, Teave ‘the bed in the
Foom with the fire viave ag it is, ‘take the matresses on the
present becs for the ow ones, if they need renovation or altering
for thé beds, hrs t+ lane right away. The white furniture I send
wall be for the Little down stairs bed room. thé whoker chairs ere
for tha Moh odie and I want the oid ovis for thd poroh. The white
and gtian tog wilt go dn the diving foom anf I think we ean ape the
gz@ ruge-tn the porches. The writing dewk for the living room, Put
the 038 Writing deste on the pordh,. 2 with engloge sample of pappra
awd mark the placds bed “At to go.
T want aofbéeng made for nov windows snd doors, Try to get
Tolling Poregne for the new door if posatble. If yor cati not get
them there let me nop. | Have. the place between kitchen and dining room
soreengd and yse the spreen doors in the kitchen and the one leading
into the dining room on the porch opposites each pthgr go that there
wind bE no c struction in going completely around the porch aa ai,
resent. <cen the old shades as we iil want them, Put all old beds
The old organ and x22.) helder in laboratory.
on Take te eed Mr. “dison wants re. *> say to get enourh pipe to keap
“ng place well watered through dry senson, also to buy $75 worth
a” Tertiliging material, both of Evin. Ke also wavis to know whether
4118 cunsl has heen closed.
abt aptatw 210"
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gy baa etidw ella
Eigse
hed oot
ea ma !
pod eyiai oF ~andt
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rad yabed buff 10%
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beet bHbwix’ dit? "0%
rh by gt nébhy bas
px Sb fo ugar By
eb paki te Af os
poate ai dea bua
ee “anaeret gatifor
ser Sal eros stort
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jon ‘aekath aut od.
. ONT! ;
“at \. % Xo ve shactae ri
oe
Saw Lew analy arts
TAM HMetCk tres ts
mesd esd fenso eilt
A :] 4 8) -
ouritato on" ad Efhe
edit oat ora st:
| ; |
; i
T
fal =,
ourn Ly understood please ack apout iymedi-
: arrvive.
> ataty an we vers things dn good’ avap by the t{mb we or i
aa Semenber we to MYa, Stuipner nad ve2t2 hay that We anall
sing sot thor
engey the Jelly.
‘Yours teal,
‘)
Mee a 7 bel
Are
set ty rgbe,
te ag aan phaed ray feat ofitt
ix asthe hae Proven pebrdtitaqus. oy
Family Records Series
Expense Statements
These unbound statements from the Harry F. Miller Collection coverthe
period May 1898-March 1908. They contain summaries of monies paid out
by Mina Miller Edison to various household accounts. Included are charity,
entertainment, furniture, medical, and living expense accounts. Monies paid
out to the Edison children are sometimes indicated.
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ae eames Rast. .Hucdoae Cebrocin eee Bee ee Ge - ee
Sotadiene _ Mtedicad. is (Se RE |
eas Yn bo fortes, Gdar on Pee eh ete
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ett ete A se et ey 2-8 ay IO 2 OY
ranged ee arn
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hist 2 Cary onad
Tee
TAE- Popsere! | Monreld po z9 05 |
Di Drill!
iouh $322..7959.37 which
A a i
pn
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anceluded, tt ag f,'~ Ua -
7 eae Ao Aundrta : Ann 3 :
i pape WR. 4-To Conde,
re Of Zo "
9. Cenlinl SWH 22% oy
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1907
ie tro AM LUACL
7 Wik Phod 0 Cham |e Gove tony
00 te. nt tt on " n
ah i sae a « va Me, Woot
16: Ins 8.0 Ehiaow ; : _ £00:00
Mn Qeeor ; : cop 200.00 _ dgcpal.
(285.00
27 tran ther ome ae
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i
26 te. te we ot ten ES Sine, TAN eee gah ee ony Ons
2s £ tance ttetehs aad Botiewnce ht Bg tg WO Usa tatacaiat okt tnt, Wetinthar oN Pig a2
ee con ibal Ri Pare, @Meaerv. 2 sharin ak dul Ranh covet OO OG Nauta A eI a
ee —. Prs..2.0.6. DP ee vn h 0.02.00]. As Sel tas
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ery, SO.
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25100
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pure ALburle, 2000 . |
Pure Holz en S000
Per Geaer
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Onn LA aie leet 1 3\ber
Ff i re. " "© " tt
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Pre In, Athi ll ads
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Parco @racr—_ 20 0.00
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: Riad Penta 425300
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1 Pig Qegenrn 200.00
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28 Opna Tae Cliath
BI Voncber 6659
i
Family Records Series |
Orange Methodist Episcopal Church
Subscription Books and Pledge Cards
These documents cover the years 1902-1907 and 1909. Included are
a series of subscription books used by Thomas A. Edison and other
members of the Edison and Miller families to record monthly contributions
toward the construction of a new church building and the payment of its
mortgage. Also included are three pledge cards indicating proposed weekly
offerings by Mina Miller Edison and her children, Madeleine Edison and
Charles Edison.
z 1819. 1902.
Suggestions.
HE success of our great offering of May 18th ; “NurHERtTO ‘aii THE LORD HetrEO MEH
depends upen the falthfulness of each sub- .
scriber, We URGE you to be FAITHFUL and
PUNCTUAL In putting asidé your monthly dues. i
“The pastor will call the roll on the first Tuesday of . Orange :
each month, ALWAYS bring or send YOUR a * Methodist Episcopal.”
ASSESSMENT. ae
Always bring this book. : a | _ Ebureh, -
Always have it signed by collector.
Endéavor to bring the exact amount, te Baad ;
‘Avold an EMBARRASSING , DEBT by paying ee. 8 eee FUND
EVERY MONTH. , — {| if
A Quarterly Roll of Honor will be read from the ron
pulpit by the pastor on these Sundays: September = ERECTION OF NEW CHURCH EDIFICE,
7th, November 9th, February 8th, '03, May 10th, soo ‘
August. 9th,. November 8th, ‘February Sth, ‘04, - | Se ee a MADE ON : :
May 9th. SUNDAY, MAY 38, 1902.
_ We hope your name will be read each time.
Affectlonately yours, . .
Franx MacDanigt,. Pastor,
anp THE Orica. Boarpe') * 0 fo ot. . .
+ . oat oatna au your TiTHes UNTO THE Lono,?!
Soe LORD OF HOSTS Is WITH U8, THE G00 OF JACOB i,
ova REFUGE.!
Paceenineh [neat
5 JONES oo... 81.0.9.,..5
JULY 5 | AI OO LE AD ee,
AUG. 5 |.......46/000,..) F094...
SEPT..2
OCT. 7
NOV foi 819.9.) CH ULB,
1903
JAN. 6 | J..06
FEB. 3
Payable Amount Paid.) Collector.
JUNE 2
JULY 7 Jie.
AUG. 4
aon een ,
eset ee 2.
en ee Ny
Liu. ae ON MAY 18, 1902,
Gas
2
Payable.) + Amount | Paid., Collector,
PAYMENTS ON SUBSCRIPTIONS MADE wv222s
Total Biaiwle ne
Payable,
| Monthly Payment
Amount,
Paid. { Collector.
“JUNES f..4.891.90... sa MW.4
yoLy's |......4:0)001,78.,
AUG. 5
Soct..7 |: ee
hel Nowa'|.,
®
. DEG2:.
9903
ae 3
5 JUNE 2 Josseesssees [Peetees ae Dida aeagetendleed
JULY? |... ARO... Th wike,.
MAY 4 ‘ oe fe 0 ER BAB :
mays |...1.89)00..) Ter]. UsGiks. P -
, PAYMENTS ON SUBSCRIPTIONS MADE wv Pla. on See MAY 18, 1902. .
p28 OP ene
_ Total POL: Re ‘| Monthly Payment ZS :
“Payable.|~ Amount,’ - Paid. Collector. Payable ) _° Amount Paid.) Collector.
“JUNE 3
JULY $ Joc...
AUG. 5 reabeees
SEPT. 2\.....:..24
OCT. 7, :
NOV |i
DEC.2 |.
JAR. 6
\ FEB, 3
© MAR faces
ods iygGie RPA
eee PRs keane
DSIRE ET
ESERIES OTe
gyitpeaeeresys
pe ES CEE AS he
PAYMENTS ON SUBSCRIPTIONS MADE BY a,
" JUNES
JULY fic ALO0., LB.
AUG. 5 |... A).0.9.
SEPT. 2|........46/.2.0.1.
: OCT.7
NOV. 4 [oes BL O.9b,
DEC. 2
BC. 2 | SA
JAN. 6 Mee ff l.09...|.. /30| U8 A -
Total Bios Os
Payable.; “Amount,
=
txts ON MAY 18, 1902. .
af oe
Monthly. Payment.424_=
Payable j. Amount Paid, |. Collector,
JUNE? fasccasins fis i
AUG. 4]...
| -SEPT.5 [uc
i ore
NOV. fete ALOR a. ap MBs
( “DEC. 5
ye 1904 -
#0 JAN. 4
*. FEB, $
MAR. 2 eves Odeon LAA, ©
avi). APRIL 6/,
“MAY 4: |...
PAYMENTS ON SUBSCRIPTIONS MADE yA Pe 3 Ae ON MAY 18, 1902. ©
Total Amoi Oe hai Monthly Payment scl
\, Payable.) Amount. F Paid. Collector. Payable Amount Paid, Collector.
FUL [ose ALLO.) 8 Medes
AUG. 5 |....4)0.0.)20¢..,
SEPT. 2|........A4.
OCT.7 od
NOV. 4 [...1..5..8,:0.0..).A9). Mi
pe. 2.|.......4 lee. Cf
ABE. 3 cal adahon ren mee
MAR. 3 |... Al 6a. ha.
‘APRIL7 a
eee ee (ee
Stggestions,
HE success of our great offering of Nov-
T ember 12th depends upon the faithful-
ness of cach subscriber, We urge you
to be faithful and punctual in putting aside
your monthly dues, ‘The pastor will call the
roll on the first Tuesday of each month.
Akways bring or send your assessment.
Always bring this book.
Always have it signed by collector,
Endeavor to bring the exact amount,
Avoid an embarrassing debt by paying
every month, 7
A Quarterly Statement will be sent to
every subscriber who may.be in arrears for
the preceding three months.
Affectionately yours,
Frank MacDanten, Pastor,
and Tue Orrictan Boarn.
‘6 Hithesto hath the Lord helped me.”
“
Orange Methodist
Episenpal Church.
a
Subscription Fund
. FORK
Payment of Mortgage on New
- Church “Property,
Made on Sunday, Tov, 12, 1905,
———
|The Lord of Hosts is with us, the God of Jacob
is our Refuge.” ;
46 Bring all your Tithes unto the Lord.’
ental ole
Total Amount_2O8J.5O
Payments on Subscriptions made y Gkomaad.. a. Gslicous
on Nov. 12, 1905.
Monthly Pa ment 23.50 :
: PAYABLE : AMOUNT fa COLLECTOR PAYABLE | AMOUNT | COLLECTOR
DECE. atatlS madetdeeneieatite JAN. telotvsecls cies
JAN. 2, U9 7].9.0. LW GR: FEB, 5.1./67198
FEB. 6,), Sas... in. aovavnes MAR. 5, me dabei nati
sar. 6.1.83499..4. ARs... “APR. 2 | LeTled...
APR. Selecccideccceebiecsigeeeseee cu aay 7.167109...
MAY 1. AOD OQ teccesreeereeees dna Pasir.
JUNE s.lecccsbessreed ceseeegeeegereees 7
JULY 3.1 Leja... JER... sees alee.
AUG. gilli ccdecsseeth scgues paetsne eee
SEPT, 7 LOT oo. GB. y BEPT Bef enivetaeany
OCT. 2ilicccceleccscedecese aneeusenenes ocr, 1] £67104...
NOV. is LaT lee Lk shag Nov. 5.1./.6710.0...
pec. 4.4..8.3/00. 1 Gade. DEC. 3. Pod. | edgar donate
Sea RRRERGAErE Cone
1, Sace
i
: ;
Payments on Subscriptions made by. Meal. DQ. Gola vw)
Total Amount_cuO BJo 5O
PAYABLE = AMOUNT COLLECTOR
i i
1905.
DEC,
1906
JAN, -
FEB, 6.).. Q...
MAR, 6b BESO a TBR.
APR, 3.lecsseshensees Wes tuhguieeeles
MAY 1.1.047/00.. Lh g. R,.
JUNE S.d..cceedee sadieedatwna ey cade
JULY 3... ].09... TGR...
AUG. Tisbescccdeesectetegseeegmsrese
sept. 4,.,421109.. Tree :
OCT, 2rehisserehessecebevee eeneeces ‘
Ve 6. 1670.0... % Bs.
a sl garam bk.
TAYABLE
1907,
JAN. 1.
FEB, 5.3.4
MAR. 5./......
+ APR. 2 10.4
MAY 7,
JUNE 4.
JULY 2th
auc. 6. LE
. SEPT, 3,
OcT. 1...
NOV. 5.,..4
AMO!
on Nov. 12, 1905.
' Monthly Pa ymenfh B38. °
UNT COLLECTOR
Dec. 3.h. PMc. cccseeeeee
aes | Wastelaun Eclenzge
Payments on y Pee made taet Mathes Eve Nov. 12, 1905. |
PLE 22° Be. ia,
Monthly Payment FO maa
Total Amount.
TAYANLE ’ AMOUNT ‘COLLECTOR : PAYABLE AMOUNT | COLLECTOR
naa | ORY ed oh ledeaicaaier
JAN. FEB. 5.! bole... ITB: Re...
FEB, ‘ MAR. 5....cccbeeceee I ciate eaeduhtes ts
MAR, apr. 2h .$00.0....0 48 Ra....
APR. May. 7./,,0{°9..1., WAR.
see : : JUNE 4. |
ae 5 bo00.| TER,.... : bang
AUG). Fiilescbsshcadsindeeweitepvonsy sss : ee era :
Serr. ..|.6.019.9. NAR. SEPT, grd.c.,.cteceesefess pated dates
pera |e in een et rh ho00. |. Be ..
NOV. 6.1.4.9. 00.1... 4: &... 7 NOV. 5.}2.08 2.8. BA Ro.
DEC, 4..3..0.0.
: morte —} Pelee Tees
Payments on Subscriptions made » Law. Gudea on Nov. 12, 1905.
. 9° ! o
Total Avice Z JO ica . Monthly Payment ad
PAYABLE AMOUNT COLLECTOR ss PAYABLE ! AMOUNT COLLECTOR
1905. | : 1907.
DEG. Shes seseseese letaseoenteanecens JAN. tlie. iodaks dabapeaias oteareas
JAN. 2...09100... ICE Ro... : rep. 5./..4%/.00.1. ER.
res, o.|..39}00...| IRA... " MAR. §.lecceeebeceees Lasts tPeaans sadn
MAR. 6.1.3 0,00...1. 4 Re... | apr. 2 17@6.00.1. FR.
APR. Gilivepscroctesiebsveotneag iene sao ‘ MAY 7.1..60,199 nr. FR,
rae 1-8:0.19.0...0. IT EN,
MAY 1,..,.6.01.0.0,.,., 20s ae R..... i iuape Card ee oe.
JUNE: Sodhicseesl cid diodaeaais ops tae taces
l Goloa. |. RGR. jay : JULY 2.) UL cl cesegeeeeeeees
Ae ee A : AUG. 6.1,.4.9).9.9. WAR...
AUG Se Pin beicisajecetandl osae ceiege ceils : . 29
" supr, 4..1.6.9.92., ne GR... SEPT. 3. deccecdecsecebes aii demnihees
OCT 2) se seetaeiausMegadage cetdocaae : oct. 1.)..60.0.0. NG Ra...
nov. 6..1..60102...1. 0 FR... ‘ NOV, 5.1...6.0109., ABR...
DEC. 4.. “Bole. |.. C4:R.... DEC. 3. POLO. ccccececeeees
PEE TaeE TS OCONEE Mee oer
oh
i ¥ t
Payments on Subscriptions made pe Lutte on Nov. 12, 1905.
yA (0 22 ' a oo
Total Amount et Oe | Monthly Payment_*_-0 =—
PAYADLE AMOUNT | COLLECTOR : PAYANLE AMOUNT COLLECTOR
1905. i 1907,
DEC. 5. JAN. 1,
1906
JAN, FEB. 5,
FEB, ; MAR. §.loc0..
MAR. } APR. 2
ores i MAY 7.1...)
MAY |
: JUNE 4
JUNE
: JULY 2.1.0...
JULY ;
AUG. 6
AUG.
SEPT. 4..1.4.° ; SEPT. 3. deceseut oasvisdbeaescnsece sas veiad
ocr, at, ocr, 1.4...6.9;.9.8
NOV. 6 i NOV. 5.1..69.10.0
DEC. pec. 3.1. Pole
r
Payments on i aed male by. é
o
Total Amount L000 = ‘
PAYABLE AMOUNT COLLECTOR PAYABLE AMOUNT
ia | RR
00 Bilston eoteeds eae pe a % eoeee : J Oe TS ae eines
JAN, 2... X9.00... 002M... i FEB. 5.!..B.9le.9.)..7
res, 6),.%6/09.. 2 AR AR ass : MAR, S.hicccccheseeed i
mar. 6.4..#0).9.0.1..00 ARs... APR. 21.80/00.
ae Cneleo | Wa aah ; i MAY 7....5.010.0.). 0% 0810.0..
MAY 1,),,89.199...,.90> ae... {
faNE i JUNE 4 Paath.
Badesseasprccseuaes a tenereces i JULY alee.
yuLy 3.1. 89/00. £8 A. o
‘oe i AUG. 6.1.. £0100. . 01. 2:4
eo Tadeaens deccssrahe vaste’ eee »
sept. 4... &e8 oe... MP Ry... ; SEPT. 3. pesseespesee es
ocr. 2.. i OCT, LRG,
NOV. 6,.1..9.91.6.05 001. 2.0 { NOV. 5.1..89199..,..0
“DEC. 4.1.4 r pec. 3.) PO ee
_ Payments on Subscriptions made by. Mural Gelitf Golroou! on Nov. 12, 1905. |
Total Amount fOOOr.00 : Monthly PaymantPHO.00 z
TAYAILE ; AMOUNT COLLECTOR : PAYABLE AMOUNT COLLECTOR
1905. 1907.
DEC, 51 : JAN.
1906 ;
JAN, 2. :: FEB,
FEB. 6.1...470) 3 MAR. 5,
MAR, 6, i APR,
APR. Bebe bo MAY ah. :
MAY «A 88, ‘ “
gacaa f JUNE tl lewd muniumeiaeees
JUNE 5., Roce ;
i JULY 9 isis Wi vccelaeia bie ig eleelae cies
JULY 3..1.8.01.00.. mina Baas \ “
é AUG, 6.4...Q9/99,. Et eee
AUGi Feihesivcsapeseed sedvccueceae ea ‘ve ‘ ;
SEPT. 4.. 39, oo. Mh Re t BSED Tg toieisscuteuiedstals.aejeg ade wens vance
oct, a.clccs. eee ste presses i oct. 1.1. 80,09.1 00. Pe.
¢ Hl _ Bs
Nov. 6..1.8.910.0..).. ey tide 4 NOV. 5.:,..R9]04.. SR ica
‘i i : o A '
pec. 4..1.4oleo..L.P&R...... : DEC, 3.0). 0RA Ma ectcs cesesessenceaes
1,
I
Pie esis f ;
Payments on Sys iptions made ty Lid. at tL ELK on Nov. 12, 1905.
0° YW , ¥ 0°
Total Amount: gO ~ 14 Monthly Payment? La
PAYABLE : AMOUNT COLLECTOR PAYANLE | AMOUNT COLLECTOR
1905 ‘ 1907.
DEC. Siesesedeeeens, Density ae f JAN. nh, fs eeteL awldd naa odeans
1901 i ti :
JAN. 2, ado. OB Re... i res. 5.)..2910.9... mARe...
:
rep. ot Mlea.. BR... | MARA SB slicssistasesule sbesanedes doves
MAR. 6.1..0%100..0..0 G:8)...., : apr. 21..2¥10.0... ARs...
APR, Didar cece eceee pings Lo Pantene : MAY 7, i 00, MAR, beets
MAY 1,J4..2% 00... ER... “yore 4, CARM Lo cocccccce cc...
JONG Geliwcecsl es cited og Gegetiugton vas :
ee hee oe : JULY ables i ee
ae | : # AG. 6.1..2400..1..17.. hRy...
sEeptt s..|. SEPTiG. dud cus tensh cobbateessvetereatss
OCT a0. lc valle fash dee ret Gaades : 6 OCT. LL ASO AES RINE,
Noy.
19.0...1. 08 SOAs... i pec. °3./.,P
[MARCH 2, 1909]
Che ely / 4 . 4 .
; 3 Methodist Episcopal Church
Orange Methodist Episcopal Church Sc co aa a | Orange Methodist Episcopal Church
Weekly Offertags. Weekly Ctfertogs-
ECTIONS
DIRECTIONS. $.0 J Please mark with an X in the margin on tho $.01 B goes
H
:
H
f >) .
: 0 left, the sum you are willing to pledgo as a i 02 Plenso mark wish: wf X io. the margin on tho
sana 5 : " . i i left, the su jiling to pledge as
left, the weekly offering to the Lord for the coming . 0 I you ase wil pledge awa
03 | weekly otforiig to tho Lord for the Soming +03 | Jerr, “Use the blink space if you choose to | 03 | Neckly oltre she Lord for tho coming
. year, Use the blank apce if you choose to ~O4 | soloct a sum not on the list. : | 04 year. Use the baw’ space if you choose to
DIRECTIONS, -
$.05
02 Please mark with an X in the margin on the
‘
; H selact a su yy t&e hint-
04 | Seloct a sum not on tho list. .05 Write pour name and residence at the bot- .05 Write yo oh " widened thet
«05 Write your name and residence at the bot- JQ | tomof this card, and deposit it in the church 10 | tom of thie hame ana rent tin the chintets
10 tom of this card, and deposit itin the church 5 boxes on the following Sunday. . boxes on thew met tlepo: ‘ny c!
boxes on the following Sunday, rs 15 folowisé Ha ¢
5 20 A package of printed envelopes will be fur-
nished you, one for each week, .20 A packngo of pristed en ¥ clones will bo fur.
A package of printed envelopes will be fur- i
-20 | nisuba you, one for each week. : 25 4 : : 25 nished You, ong fug ech week.
25 Each Sunday enclose your weekly ofiering s Ench Su, Se cpeahl? ehleti
* Each Sunday enclose your weekly oftering «30 | in the envelope for that date, seal und place it 30 | inthe Petre aatline ite ait ath oftting
30 | inthe envelope for that date, seal and place it F .40 in one of the church boxes. Hl 40 in ono of thd, eg ae . pitce it
.40 in.one.of tho chureh:boxen, : 50 Every member of the church and of tho i ‘ E ~ sieieel
50 Every membor of the church and of the © congregation is cordially invited to pledge 50 very {Denber ef the ¢ wet and of the
7 5 cougregution is cordially invited to pledge 7 somethings and to make the gift as liberalas — - 75 aometiing anit evadlall ne gilt ieee
. something und to make the gift as liberal us x) possible, xl 60 possible, 7 " .
1.00 | possible. ; ; “2-00 . . : ’
2.00 | one Derive. WUs Edicaaan 3:00 | Samo Maae. Wrdlerathiere 2.09 | ns Ma, tl rardsteb deren —
3.00
x08 ieee Shy ca | ag yp | : ee rutin LLssadetin Pade, =00 restore. Yaad bey ude.
a eceasity: fur God loveth (OT eee
Not grudgingly or of nt iy } “Not grudgingly of gp Tamnutty; FOF Gi od loveth
“Not grudgingly or of necessity: for God loveth the cheerful giver.” i i Zz
+ tho cheerful glvor." i i Y cheertnd greet.
2a ws STS MSE ie te See
Church Support.
Tho ravenues of tho Church aro derived solely
from the voluntary contributions of the congre-
gation. Tho finuncint plan adopted by the
Official Board is the Envelope System of Weekly
Offerings. Upon receipt of this card the Trens-
urer will bo glad to furnish any member of the
congregation with envelopes properly numbered,
in which they may place their contributions for
the support of the Church. An account will be
opened with exch contributor. It is carnestly
desired that all members of the congregation
shall assume their share of the annual cost of
maintaining the Church,
Church Sittings.
The pows in our church are all free. Sittings
aro assigned to all who apply for them, with an
effort to avoid any unjust discrimination. The
ushers will, ns far as possible, placo families in the
pewa they desire to occupy, ond individuals in
the sittings they refer; aud will endeavor to re-
ferve such sents for their customary occupants
until the beginning of the services, and after
which time tha seats are at the disposal of the
ushers. [over]
[MARCH 2, 1909]
Church Support.
Tho revenues of the Church are derived sololy
from tho voluntary contributions of the congre-
gation. ‘Tho finnnvinl! plan adopted by tho
Officint Bonrd is the Envelope System of Weekly
Offerings. Upon receipt of this card tho ‘lrons-
uror will be glnd to furnish any member of the
congregation with envelopes properly numbered,
in which they may place their contributions for
tho support of the Church. An account will be
opened with ench contributor. It is earnestly
desired that all members of the congregation
shall assume their share of the annual cost of
muintaining the Church,
Church Sittings.
The pows in our churoh aro all freo, Sittings
are assigned to all who apply for them, with an
effort to avoid any unjust discrimination, The
ushers will, a8 far as possible, placo families in tho
pews they desire to occupy, and individuals in
the sittings they refer; and will endeavor to re-
serve such sents for their customary occupants
until the beginning of the services, and after
which time the seats are at the disposal of tho
ushers. fover}
Church Support.
Tho revenues of tho Church aro derived solely
from the voluntary contributions of the congre-
gation, ‘The financial plan adopted by tho
Oficial Board is the Envelope System of Weekly
Offerings. Upon reecipt of this card the Trons-
urer will be glad to furniuh any member of the
congregation with envelopes properly numbered,
in which they may place their contributions for
the support of the Church, An account will be
opened with each contributor. It is eurneatly
desired thut oll members of the congregation —
shall nssume their shire of the annual cost of
maintaining the Church,
Church Sittings.
The pows in our church are all free. Sittings
are assigned to all who apply for them, with an
effort to avoid any unjust discrimination. The
ushers will, as far ns possible, place families in tho
pows thoy desiro to occupy, and individuals in
the sittings they refer; and will endeavor to re-
serve such sents for thoir customary occupants
until the beginning of the services, and after
which time the seats are at the disposal of the
ushers. {over)
were Ae ee
PUBLICATION AND MICROFILN ~
COPYING RESTRICTIONS
Reel duplication of the whole or of
any part of this film is prohibited.
In lieu of transcripts, however,
enlarged photocopies of selected
items contained on these reels
may be made in order to facilitate
research.
A Note on the Sources
The pages which have been !
filmed are the best copies |
available. Every technical
effort possible has been
‘made to ensure legibility.
achat 3 EE pte
FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTORS
PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS
The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Charles Edison Fund
The Hyde and Watson Foundation
National Trust for the Humanities
Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation
PUBLIC FOUNDATIONS
National Science Foundation
National Endowment for the
Humanities
National Historical Publications and
Records Commission
PRIVATE CORPORATIONS AND INDIVIDUALS
Alabama Power Company
Anonymous
AT&T
Atlantic Electric
Association of Edison Illuminating
Companies
Battelle Memorial Institute
The Boston Edison Foundation
Cabot Corporation Foundation, Inc.
Carolina Power & Light Company
Consolidated Edison Company of New
York, Inc.
Consumers Power Company
Cooper Industries
Corning Incorporated
Duke Power Company
Entergy Corporation (Middle South
Electric System)
Exxon Corporation
Florida Power & Light Company
General Electric Foundation
Gould Inc. Foundation
Gulf States Utilities Company
David and Nina Heitz
Hess Foundation, Inc.
Idaho Power Company
IMO Industries
International Brotherhood of Electrical
Workers
Mr. and Mrs, Stanley H. Katz
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
_ Midwest Resources, Ine.
Minnesota Power
New Jersey Bell
New York State Electric & Gas
Corporation
North American Philips Corporation
Philadelphia Electric Company
Philips Lighting B.V.
Public Service Electric and Gas Company
RCA Corporation
Robert Bosch GmbH
Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation
San Diego Gas and Electric
Savannah Electric and Power Company
Schering-Plough Foundation
Texas Utilities Company
Thomas & Betts Corporation :
Thomson Grand Public i
Transanierica. Delaval Inc.
Westinghouse Foundation :
Wisconsin Public Service Corporation
PP ee mE Et a Ah ge RAINS OOS IOTT
o: See We
BOARD OF SPONSORS
Rutgers, The State University of New National Park Service
Jersey John Maounis
Francis L. Lawrence Maryanne Gerbauckas
Joseph J. Seneca Roger Durham
Richard F, Foley George Tselos
David M. Oshinsky Smithsonian Institution
New Jersey Historical Commission Bernard Finn
Howard L. Green Arthur P. Molella
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
James Brittain, Georgia Institute of Technology
R. Frank Colson, University of Southampton
Louis Galambos, Johns Hopkins University
Susan Hockey, University of Alberta. ;
Thomas Parke Hughes, University of Pennsylvania
Peter Robinson, Oxford University
Philip Scranton, Georgia Institute of Technology/Hagley Museum and Library
Merritt Roe Smith, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
a8 ey
ON te GEST te tn te te
aE 5 iw
,
iis
THOMAS A. EDISON PAPERS
Robert A. Rosenberg
Director and Editor
Thomas E, Jeffrey
Associate Director and Coeditor
Paul B. Israel
Managing Editor, Book Edition
Helen Endick
Assistant Director for Administration
Associate Editors Assistant Editors
Theresa M. Collins Louis Carlat
Lisa Gitelman Aldo E. Salerno
Keith A. Nier
Research Associates Secretary
Gregory Jankunis Grace Kurkowski
Lorie Stock
Student Assistants
Amy Cohen Jessica Rosenberg
Bethany Jankunis Stacey Saelg
Laura Konrad Wojtek Szymkowiak
Vishal Nayak Matthew Wosniak
EW etoes Seto andes
Thomas A. Edison Papers
at
Rutgers, The State University
endorsed by
National Historical Publications and Records Commission
18 June 1981
Copyright © 1999 by Rutgers, The State University
All rights reserved. No part of this publication including any portion of the guide and index or of
the microfilm may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any
means—graphic, electronic, mechanical, or chemical, including photocopying, recording or taping,
or information storage and retrieval systems—without written permission of Rutgers, The State
University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
The original documents in this edition are from the archives at the Edison National Historic Site
at West Orange, New Jersey. . :
ISBN 0-89093-703-6
QO Edison. Tapers
A SELECTIVE MICROFILM EDITION
PART IV
(1899-1910)
Thomas E. Jeffrey Theresa M. Collins
Lisa Gitelman Gregory Field
Gregory Jankunis | Aldo E. Salerno
David W. Hutchings Karen A. Detig
Leslie Fields Lorie Stock
Editors
Robert Rosenberg
Director and Editor
Sponsors
Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey
National Park Service, Edison National Historic Site
New Jersey Historical Commission
Smithsonian Institution
University Publications of America
Bethesda, MD
1999
Edison signature used with permission of McGraw-Edison Company
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